[Congressional Bills 115th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 302 Engrossed Amendment House (EAH)]

<DOC>
                In the House of Representatives, U. S.,

                                                    September 26, 2018.
    Resolved, That the House agree to the amendment of the Senate to 
the bill (H.R. 302) entitled ``An Act to provide protections for 
certain sports medicine professionals who provide certain medical 
services in a secondary State.'', with the following

                  HOUSE AMENDMENT TO SENATE AMENDMENT:

            In lieu of the matter proposed to be inserted by the Senate 
      amendment, insert the following:

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``FAA 
Reauthorization Act of 2018''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this Act is as 
follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.

                 DIVISION A--SPORTS MEDICINE LICENSURE

Sec. 11. Short title.
Sec. 12. Protections for covered sports medicine professionals.

              DIVISION B--FAA REAUTHORIZATION ACT OF 2018

Sec. 101. Definition of appropriate committees of Congress.

                        TITLE I--AUTHORIZATIONS

                  Subtitle A--Funding of FAA Programs

Sec. 111. Airport planning and development and noise compatibility 
                            planning and programs.
Sec. 112. Facilities and equipment.
Sec. 113. FAA operations.
Sec. 114. Weather reporting programs.
Sec. 115. Adjustment to AIP program funding.
Sec. 116. Funding for aviation programs.
Sec. 117. Extension of expiring authorities.

                 Subtitle B--Passenger Facility Charges

Sec. 121. Passenger facility charge modernization.
Sec. 122. Future aviation infrastructure and financing study.
Sec. 123. Intermodal access projects.

         Subtitle C--Airport Improvement Program Modifications

Sec. 131. Grant assurances.
Sec. 132. Mothers' rooms.
Sec. 133. Contract Tower Program.
Sec. 134. Government share of project costs.
Sec. 135. Updated veterans' preference.
Sec. 136. Use of State highway specifications.
Sec. 137. Former military airports.
Sec. 138. Eligibility of CCTV projects for airport improvement program.
Sec. 139. State block grant program expansion.
Sec. 140. Non-movement area surveillance pilot program.
Sec. 141. Property conveyance releases.
Sec. 142. Study regarding technology usage at airports.
Sec. 143. Study on airport revenue diversion.
Sec. 144. GAO study on the effect of granting an exclusive right of 
                            aeronautical services to an airport 
                            sponsor.
Sec. 145. Sense of Congress on smart airports.
Sec. 146. Critical airfield markings.
Sec. 147. General facilities authority.
Sec. 148. Recycling plans; uncategorized small airports.
Sec. 149. Evaluation of airport master plans.
Sec. 150. Definition of small business concern.
Sec. 151. Small airport regulation relief.
Sec. 152. Construction of certain control towers.
Sec. 153. Nondiscrimination.
Sec. 154. Definition of airport development.
Sec. 155. General aviation airport expired funds.
Sec. 156. Priority review of construction projects in cold weather 
                            States.
Sec. 157. Minority and disadvantaged business participation.
Sec. 158. Supplemental discretionary funds.
Sec. 159. State taxation.
Sec. 160. Airport investment partnership program.
Sec. 161. Remote tower pilot program for rural and small communities.
Sec. 162. Airport access roads in remote locations.
Sec. 163. Limited regulation of non-federally sponsored property.
Sec. 164. Seasonal airports.
Sec. 165. Amendments to definitions.
Sec. 166. Pilot program sunsets.
Sec. 167. Buy America requirements.

        Subtitle D--Airport Noise and Environmental Streamlining

Sec. 171. Funding eligibility for airport energy efficiency 
                            assessments.
Sec. 172. Authorization of certain flights by stage 2 aircraft.
Sec. 173. Alternative airplane noise metric evaluation deadline.
Sec. 174. Updating airport noise exposure maps.
Sec. 175. Addressing community noise concerns.
Sec. 176. Community involvement in FAA NextGen projects located in 
                            metroplexes.
Sec. 177. Lead emissions.
Sec. 178. Terminal sequencing and spacing.
Sec. 179. Airport noise mitigation and safety study.
Sec. 180. Regional ombudsmen.
Sec. 181. FAA leadership on civil supersonic aircraft.
Sec. 182. Mandatory use of the New York North Shore Helicopter Route.
Sec. 183. State standards for airport pavements.
Sec. 184. Eligibility of pilot program airports.
Sec. 185. Grandfathering of certain deed agreements granting through-
                            the-fence access to general aviation 
                            airports.
Sec. 186. Stage 3 aircraft study.
Sec. 187. Aircraft noise exposure.
Sec. 188. Study regarding day-night average sound levels.
Sec. 189. Study on potential health and economic impacts of overflight 
                            noise.
Sec. 190. Environmental mitigation pilot program.
Sec. 191. Extending aviation development streamlining.
Sec. 192. Zero-emission vehicles and technology.

               TITLE II--FAA SAFETY CERTIFICATION REFORM

                     Subtitle A--General Provisions

Sec. 201. Definitions.
Sec. 202. Safety Oversight and Certification Advisory Committee.

               Subtitle B--Aircraft Certification Reform

Sec. 211. Aircraft certification performance objectives and metrics.
Sec. 212. Organization designation authorizations.
Sec. 213. ODA review.
Sec. 214. Type certification resolution process.
Sec. 215. Review of certification process for small general aviation 
                            airplanes.
Sec. 216. ODA staffing and oversight.

                  Subtitle C--Flight Standards Reform

Sec. 221. Flight standards performance objectives and metrics.
Sec. 222. FAA task force on flight standards reform.
Sec. 223. Centralized safety guidance database.
Sec. 224. Regulatory Consistency Communications Board.

                      Subtitle D--Safety Workforce

Sec. 231. Safety workforce training strategy.
Sec. 232. Workforce review.

                   Subtitle E--International Aviation

Sec. 241. Promotion of United States aerospace standards, products, and 
                            services abroad.
Sec. 242. Bilateral exchanges of safety oversight responsibilities.
Sec. 243. FAA leadership abroad.
Sec. 244. Registration, certification, and related fees.

                           TITLE III--SAFETY

                     Subtitle A--General Provisions

Sec. 301. Definitions.
Sec. 302. FAA technical training.
Sec. 303. Safety critical staffing.
Sec. 304. International efforts regarding tracking of civil aircraft.
Sec. 305. Aircraft data access and retrieval systems.
Sec. 306. Advanced cockpit displays.
Sec. 307. Emergency medical equipment on passenger aircraft.
Sec. 308. FAA and NTSB review of general aviation safety.
Sec. 309. Call to action airline engine safety review.
Sec. 310. Sense of Congress on access to air carrier flight decks.
Sec. 311. Part 135 accident and incident data.
Sec. 312. Sense of Congress; pilot in command authority.
Sec. 313. Report on conspicuity needs for surface vehicles operating on 
                            the airside of air carrier served airports.
Sec. 314. Helicopter air ambulance operations data and reports.
Sec. 315. Aviation rulemaking committee for part 135 pilot rest and 
                            duty rules.
Sec. 316. Report on obsolete test equipment.
Sec. 317. Helicopter fuel system safety.
Sec. 318. Applicability of medical certification standards to operators 
                            of air balloons.
Sec. 319. Designated pilot examiner reforms.
Sec. 320. Voluntary reports of operational or maintenance issues 
                            related to aviation safety.
Sec. 321. Evaluation regarding additional ground based transmitters.
Sec. 322. Improved safety in rural areas.
Sec. 323. Exit rows.
Sec. 324. Comptroller General report on FAA enforcement policy.
Sec. 325. Annual safety incident report.
Sec. 326. Aircraft air quality.
Sec. 327. Approach control radar.
Sec. 328. Report on airline and passenger safety.
Sec. 329. Performance-based standards.
Sec. 330. Report and recommendations on certain aviation safety risks.
Sec. 331. Review of FAA's Aviation Safety Information Analysis and 
                            Sharing System.
Sec. 332. Airport rescue and firefighting.
Sec. 333. Safe air transportation of lithium cells and batteries.
Sec. 334. Runway safety.
Sec. 335. Flight attendant duty period limitations and rest 
                            requirements.
Sec. 336. Secondary cockpit barriers.
Sec. 337. Aircraft cabin evacuation procedures.
Sec. 338. Sense of Congress.
Sec. 339. Civil penalties for interference.
Sec. 339A. National in-flight sexual misconduct task force.
Sec. 339B. Reporting process for sexual misconduct onboard aircraft.

                 Subtitle B--Unmanned Aircraft Systems

Sec. 341. Definitions; Integration of civil unmanned aircraft systems 
                            into national airspace system.
Sec. 342. Update of FAA comprehensive plan.
Sec. 343. Unmanned aircraft test ranges.
Sec. 344. Small unmanned aircraft in the Arctic.
Sec. 345. Small unmanned aircraft safety standards.
Sec. 346. Public unmanned aircraft systems.
Sec. 347. Special authority for certain unmanned aircraft systems.
Sec. 348. Carriage of property by small unmanned aircraft systems for 
                            compensation or hire.
Sec. 349. Exception for limited recreational operations of unmanned 
                            aircraft.
Sec. 350. Use of unmanned aircraft systems at institutions of higher 
                            education.
Sec. 351. Unmanned aircraft systems integration pilot program.
Sec. 352. Part 107 transparency and technology improvements.
Sec. 353. Emergency exemption process.
Sec. 354. Treatment of unmanned aircraft operating underground.
Sec. 355. Public UAS operations by Tribal governments.
Sec. 356. Authorization of appropriations for Know Before You Fly 
                            campaign.
Sec. 357. Unmanned aircraft systems privacy policy.
Sec. 358. UAS privacy review.
Sec. 359. Study on fire department and emergency service agency use of 
                            unmanned aircraft systems.
Sec. 360. Study on financing of unmanned aircraft services.
Sec. 361. Report on UAS and chemical aerial application.
Sec. 362. Sense of Congress regarding unmanned aircraft safety.
Sec. 363. Prohibition regarding weapons.
Sec. 364. U.S. Counter-UAS system review of interagency coordination 
                            processes.
Sec. 365. Cooperation related to certain counter-UAS technology.
Sec. 366. Strategy for responding to public safety threats and 
                            enforcement utility of unmanned aircraft 
                            systems.
Sec. 367. Incorporation of Federal Aviation Administration occupations 
                            relating to unmanned aircraft into veterans 
                            employment programs of the administration.
Sec. 368. Public UAS access to special use airspace.
Sec. 369. Applications for designation.
Sec. 370. Sense of Congress on additional rulemaking authority.
Sec. 371. Assessment of aircraft registration for small unmanned 
                            aircraft.
Sec. 372. Enforcement.
Sec. 373. Federal and local authorities.
Sec. 374. Spectrum.
Sec. 375. Federal Trade Commission authority.
Sec. 376. Plan for full operational capability of unmanned aircraft 
                            systems traffic management.
Sec. 377. Early implementation of certain UTM services.
Sec. 378. Sense of Congress.
Sec. 379. Commercial and governmental operators.
Sec. 380. Transition language.
Sec. 381. Unmanned aircraft systems in restricted buildings or grounds.
Sec. 382. Prohibition.
Sec. 383. Airport safety and airspace hazard mitigation and 
                            enforcement.
Sec. 384. Unsafe operation of unmanned aircraft.

                  Subtitle C--General Aviation Safety

Sec. 391. Short title.
Sec. 392. Expansion of Pilot's Bill of Rights.
Sec. 393. Notification of reexamination of certificate holders.
Sec. 394. Expediting updates to NOTAM Program.
Sec. 395. Accessibility of certain flight data.
Sec. 396. Authority for legal counsel to issue certain notices.

                   TITLE IV--AIR SERVICE IMPROVEMENTS

           Subtitle A--Airline Customer Service Improvements

Sec. 401. Definitions.
Sec. 402. Reliable air service in American Samoa.
Sec. 403. Cell phone voice communication ban.
Sec. 404. Improved notification of insecticide use.
Sec. 405. Consumer complaints hotline.
Sec. 406. Consumer information on actual flight times.
Sec. 407. Training policies regarding racial, ethnic, and religious 
                            nondiscrimination.
Sec. 408. Training on human trafficking for certain staff.
Sec. 409. Prohibitions against smoking on passenger flights.
Sec. 410. Report on baggage reporting requirements.
Sec. 411. Enforcement of aviation consumer protection rules.
Sec. 412. Strollers.
Sec. 413. Causes of airline delays or cancellations.
Sec. 414. Involuntary changes to itineraries.
Sec. 415. Extension of Advisory Committee for Aviation Consumer 
                            Protection.
Sec. 416. Online access to aviation consumer protection information.
Sec. 417. Protection of pets on airplanes.
Sec. 418. Advisory committee on air ambulance and patient billing.
Sec. 419. Air ambulance complaints to the Department of Transportation.
Sec. 420. Report to Congress on air ambulance oversight.
Sec. 421. Refunds for other fees that are not honored by a covered air 
                            carrier.
Sec. 422. Advance boarding during pregnancy .
Sec. 423. Consumer complaint process improvement.
Sec. 424. Aviation consumer advocate.
Sec. 425. TICKETS Act.
Sec. 426. Report on availability of lavatories on commercial aircraft.
Sec. 427. Consumer protection requirements relating to large ticket 
                            agents.
Sec. 428. Widespread disruptions.
Sec. 429. Passenger rights.

            Subtitle B--Aviation Consumers With Disabilities

Sec. 431. Aviation consumers with disabilities study.
Sec. 432. Study on in-cabin wheelchair restraint systems.
Sec. 433. Improving wheelchair assistance for individuals with 
                            disabilities .
Sec. 434. Airline Passengers with Disabilities Bill of Rights.
Sec. 435. Sense of Congress regarding equal access for individuals with 
                            disabilities.
Sec. 436. Civil penalties relating to harm to passengers with 
                            disabilities.
Sec. 437. Harmonization of service animal standards.
Sec. 438. Review of practices for ticketing, pre-flight seat 
                            assignments, and stowing of assistive 
                            devices for passengers with disabilities.
Sec. 439. Advisory committee on the air travel needs of passengers with 
                            disabilities.
Sec. 440. Regulations ensuring assistance for passengers with 
                            disabilities in air transportation.
Sec. 441. Transparency for disabled passengers.

                Subtitle C--Small Community Air Service

Sec. 451. Essential air service authorization.
Sec. 452. Study on essential air service reform.
Sec. 453. Air transportation to noneligible places.
Sec. 454. Inspector general review of service and oversight of 
                            unsubsidized carriers.
Sec. 455. Small community air service.
Sec. 456. Waivers.
Sec. 457. Extension of final order establishing mileage adjustment 
                            eligibility.
Sec. 458. Reduction in subsidy-per-passenger.

                         TITLE V--MISCELLANEOUS

Sec. 501. Definitions.
Sec. 502. Report on air traffic control modernization.
Sec. 503. Return on investment report.
Sec. 504. Air traffic control operational contingency plans.
Sec. 505. 2020 ADS-B Out mandate plan.
Sec. 506. Securing aircraft avionics systems.
Sec. 507. Human factors.
Sec. 508. Programmatic risk management.
Sec. 509. Review of FAA strategic cybersecurity plan.
Sec. 510. Consolidation and realignment of FAA services and facilities.
Sec. 511. FAA review and reform.
Sec. 512. Air shows.
Sec. 513. Part 91 review, reform, and streamlining.
Sec. 514. Aircraft leasing.
Sec. 515. Pilots sharing flight expenses with passengers.
Sec. 516. Terminal Aerodrome Forecast.
Sec. 517. Public aircraft eligible for logging flight times.
Sec. 518. Aircraft Registry Office.
Sec. 519. FAA data transparency.
Sec. 520. Intra-agency coordination.
Sec. 521. Administrative Services Franchise Fund.
Sec. 522. Automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast.
Sec. 523. Contract weather observers.
Sec. 524. Regions and centers.
Sec. 525. Geosynthetic materials.
Sec. 526. National Airmail Museum.
Sec. 527. Status of agreement between FAA and Little Rock Port 
                            Authority.
Sec. 528. Briefing on aircraft diversions from Los Angeles 
                            International Airport to Hawthorne 
                            Municipal Airport.
Sec. 529. TFR report.
Sec. 530. Air traffic services at aviation events.
Sec. 531. Application of veterans' preference to Federal Aviation 
                            Administration personnel management system.
Sec. 532. Clarification of requirements for living history flights.
Sec. 533. Review and reform of FAA performance management system.
Sec. 534. NextGen delivery study.
Sec. 535. Study on allergic reactions.
Sec. 536. Oxygen mask design study.
Sec. 537. Air cargo study.
Sec. 538. Sense of Congress on preventing the transportation of 
                            disease-carrying mosquitoes and other 
                            insects on commercial aircraft.
Sec. 539. Technical corrections.
Sec. 540. Report on illegal charter flights.
Sec. 541. Use of NASA's super guppy aircraft for commercial transport.
Sec. 542. Prohibited airspace assessment.
Sec. 543. Report on multiagency use of airspace and environmental 
                            review.
Sec. 544. Agency procurement reporting requirements.
Sec. 545. FAA organizational reform.
Sec. 546.  FAA Civil Aviation Registry upgrade.
Sec. 547. Enhanced air traffic services.
Sec. 548. Sense of Congress on artificial intelligence in aviation.
Sec. 549. Study on cybersecurity workforce of FAA.
Sec. 550. Treatment of multiyear lessees of large and turbine-powered 
                            multiengine aircraft.
Sec. 551. Employee Assault Prevention and Response Plans.
Sec. 552. Study on training of customer-facing air carrier employees.
Sec. 553. Automated weather observing systems policy.
Sec. 554. Prioritizing and supporting the Human Intervention Motivation 
                            Study (HIMS) program and the Flight 
                            Attendant Drug and Alcohol Program (FADAP).
Sec. 555. Cost-effectiveness analysis of equipment rental.
Sec. 556. Aircraft registration.
Sec. 557. Requirement to consult with stakeholders in defining scope 
                            and requirements for future flight service 
                            program.
Sec. 558. Federal Aviation Administration performance measures and 
                            targets.
Sec. 559. Report on plans for air traffic control facilities in the New 
                            York City and Newark region.
Sec. 560. Work plan for the New York/New Jersey/Philadelphia 
                            Metropolitan Area Airspace Project.
Sec. 561. Annual report on inclusion of disabled veteran leave in 
                            personnel management system.
Sec. 562. Enhanced surveillance capability.
Sec. 563. Access of air carriers to information about applicants to be 
                            pilots from national driver register.
Sec. 564. Regulatory reform.
Sec. 565. Aviation fuel.
Sec. 566. Right to privacy when using air traffic control system.
Sec. 567. Federal Aviation Administration workforce review.
Sec. 568. Review of approval process for use of large air tankers and 
                            very large air tankers for wildland 
                            firefighting.
Sec. 569. FAA technical workforce.
Sec. 570. Study on airport credit assistance.
Sec. 571. Spectrum availability.
Sec. 572. Special review relating to air space changes.
Sec. 573. Reimbursement for immigration inspections.
Sec. 574. FAA employees in Guam.
Sec. 575. GAO study on airline computer network disruptions.
Sec. 576. Tower marking.
Sec. 577. Minimum dimensions for passenger seats.
Sec. 578. Judicial review for proposed alternative environmental review 
                            and approval procedures.
Sec. 579. Regulatory streamlining.
Sec. 580. Spaceports.
Sec. 581. Special rule for certain aircraft operations (space support 
                            vehicles).
Sec. 582. Portability of repairman certificates.
Sec. 583. Undeclared hazardous materials public awareness campaign.
Sec. 584. Liability protection for volunteer pilots who fly for the 
                            public benefit.

                      TITLE VI--AVIATION WORKFORCE

                     Subtitle A--Youth in Aviation

Sec. 601. Student outreach report.
Sec. 602. Youth Access to American Jobs in Aviation Task Force.

                     Subtitle B--Women in Aviation

Sec. 611. Sense of Congress regarding women in aviation.
Sec. 612. Supporting women's involvement in the aviation field.

                Subtitle C--Future of Aviation Workforce

Sec. 621. Aviation and aerospace workforce of the future.
Sec. 622. Aviation and aerospace workforce of the future study.
Sec. 623. Sense of Congress on hiring veterans.
Sec. 624. Aviation maintenance industry technical workforce.
Sec. 625. Aviation workforce development programs.

            Subtitle D--Unmanned Aircraft Systems Workforce

Sec. 631. Community and technical college centers of excellence in 
                            small unmanned aircraft system technology 
                            training.
Sec. 632. Collegiate training initiative program for unmanned aircraft 
                            systems.

                       TITLE VII--FLIGHT R&D ACT

                     Subtitle A--General Provisions

Sec. 701. Short title.
Sec. 702. Definitions.
Sec. 703. Authorization of appropriations.

         Subtitle B--FAA Research and Development Organization

Sec. 711. Assistant Administrator for Research and Development.
Sec. 712. Research advisory committee.

                 Subtitle C--Unmanned Aircraft Systems

Sec. 721. Unmanned aircraft systems research and development roadmap.

        Subtitle D--Cybersecurity and Responses to Other Threats

Sec. 731. Cyber Testbed.
Sec. 732. Study on the effect of extreme weather on air travel.

          Subtitle E--FAA Research and Development Activities

Sec. 741. Research plan for the certification of new technologies into 
                            the national airspace system.
Sec. 742. Technology review.
Sec. 743. CLEEN aircraft and engine technology partnership.
Sec. 744. Research and deployment of certain airfield pavement 
                            technologies.

                      Subtitle F--Geospatial Data

Sec. 751. Short title; findings.
Sec. 752. Definitions.
Sec. 753. Federal Geographic Data Committee.
Sec. 754. National Geospatial Advisory Committee.
Sec. 755. National Spatial Data Infrastructure.
Sec. 756. National Geospatial Data Asset data themes.
Sec. 757. Geospatial data standards.
Sec. 758. GeoPlatform.
Sec. 759. Covered agency responsibilities.
Sec. 759A. Limitation on use of Federal funds.
Sec. 759B. Savings provision.
Sec. 759C. Private sector.

                       Subtitle G--Miscellaneous

Sec. 761. NextGen research.
Sec. 762. Advanced Materials Center of Excellence.

                TITLE VIII--AVIATION REVENUE PROVISIONS

Sec. 801. Expenditure authority from Airport and Airway Trust Fund.
Sec. 802. Extension of taxes funding Airport and Airway Trust Fund.

DIVISION C--NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SAFETY BOARD REAUTHORIZATION ACT OF 
                                  2018

Sec. 1101. Short title.
Sec. 1102. Definitions.
Sec. 1103. Authorization of appropriations.
Sec. 1104. Still images.
Sec. 1105. Electronic records.
Sec. 1106. Report on Most Wanted List methodology.
Sec. 1107. Methodology.
Sec. 1108. Multimodal accident database management system.
Sec. 1109. Addressing the needs of families of individuals involved in 
                            accidents.
Sec. 1110. Government Accountability Office report on investigation 
                            launch decision-making processes.
Sec. 1111. Periodic review of safety recommendations.
Sec. 1112. General organization.
Sec. 1113. Technical and conforming amendments.

                  DIVISION D--DISASTER RECOVERY REFORM

Sec. 1201. Short title.
Sec. 1202. Applicability.
Sec. 1203. Definitions.
Sec. 1204. Wildfire prevention.
Sec. 1205. Additional activities.
Sec. 1206. Eligibility for code implementation and enforcement.
Sec. 1207. Program improvements.
Sec. 1208. Prioritization of facilities.
Sec. 1209. Guidance on evacuation routes.
Sec. 1210. Duplication of benefits.
Sec. 1211. State administration of assistance for direct temporary 
                            housing and permanent housing construction.
Sec. 1212. Assistance to individuals and households.
Sec. 1213. Multifamily lease and repair assistance.
Sec. 1214. Private nonprofit facility.
Sec. 1215. Management costs.
Sec. 1216. Flexibility.
Sec. 1217. Additional disaster assistance.
Sec. 1218. National veterinary emergency teams.
Sec. 1219. Right of arbitration.
Sec. 1220. Unified Federal environmental and historic preservation 
                            review.
Sec. 1221. Closeout incentives.
Sec. 1222. Performance of services.
Sec. 1223. Study to streamline and consolidate information collection.
Sec. 1224. Agency accountability.
Sec. 1225. Audit of contracts.
Sec. 1226. Inspector general audit of FEMA contracts for tarps and 
                            plastic sheeting.
Sec. 1227. Relief organizations.
Sec. 1228. Guidance on inundated and submerged roads.
Sec. 1229. Extension of assistance.
Sec. 1230. Guidance and recommendations.
Sec. 1231. Guidance on hazard mitigation assistance.
Sec. 1232. Local impact.
Sec. 1233. Additional hazard mitigation activities.
Sec. 1234. National public infrastructure predisaster hazard 
                            mitigation.
Sec. 1235. Additional mitigation activities.
Sec. 1236. Guidance and training by FEMA on coordination of emergency 
                            response plans.
Sec. 1237. Certain recoupment prohibited.
Sec. 1238. Federal assistance to individuals and households and 
                            nonprofit facilities.
Sec. 1239. Cost of assistance estimates.
Sec. 1240. Report on insurance shortfalls.
Sec. 1241. Post disaster building safety assessment.
Sec. 1242. FEMA updates on national preparedness assessment.
Sec. 1243. FEMA report on duplication in non-natural disaster 
                            preparedness grant programs.
Sec. 1244. Study and report.
Sec. 1245. Review of assistance for damaged underground water 
                            infrastructure.
Sec. 1246. Extension.

                      DIVISION E--CONCRETE MASONRY

Sec. 1301. Short title.
Sec. 1302. Declaration of policy.
Sec. 1303. Definitions.
Sec. 1304. Issuance of orders.
Sec. 1305. Required terms in orders.
Sec. 1306. Assessments.
Sec. 1307. Referenda.
Sec. 1308. Petition and review.
Sec. 1309. Enforcement.
Sec. 1310. Investigation and power to subpoena.
Sec. 1311. Suspension or termination.
Sec. 1312. Amendments to orders.
Sec. 1313. Effect on other laws.
Sec. 1314. Regulations.
Sec. 1315. Limitation on expenditures for administrative expenses.
Sec. 1316. Limitations on obligation of funds.
Sec. 1317. Study and report by the Government Accountability Office.
Sec. 1318. Study and report by the Department of Commerce.

                     DIVISION F--BUILD ACT OF 2018

Sec. 1401. Short title.
Sec. 1402. Definitions.

                         TITLE I--ESTABLISHMENT

Sec. 1411. Statement of policy.
Sec. 1412. United States International Development Finance Corporation.
Sec. 1413. Management of Corporation.
Sec. 1414. Inspector General of the Corporation.
Sec. 1415. Independent accountability mechanism.

                         TITLE II--AUTHORITIES

Sec. 1421. Authorities relating to provision of support.
Sec. 1422. Terms and conditions.
Sec. 1423. Payment of losses.
Sec. 1424. Termination.

            TITLE III--ADMINISTRATIVE AND GENERAL PROVISIONS

Sec. 1431. Operations.
Sec. 1432. Corporate powers.
Sec. 1433. Maximum contingent liability.
Sec. 1434. Corporate funds.
Sec. 1435. Coordination with other development agencies.

            TITLE IV--MONITORING, EVALUATION, AND REPORTING

Sec. 1441. Establishment of risk and audit committees.
Sec. 1442. Performance measures, evaluation, and learning.
Sec. 1443. Annual report.
Sec. 1444. Publicly available project information.
Sec. 1445. Engagement with investors.
Sec. 1446. Notifications to be provided by the Corporation.

          TITLE V--CONDITIONS, RESTRICTIONS, AND PROHIBITIONS

Sec. 1451. Limitations and preferences.
Sec. 1452. Additionality and avoidance of market distortion.
Sec. 1453. Prohibition on support in countries that support terrorism 
                            or violate human rights and with sanctioned 
                            persons.
Sec. 1454. Applicability of certain provisions of law.

                   TITLE VI--TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS

Sec. 1461. Definitions.
Sec. 1462. Reorganization plan.
Sec. 1463. Transfer of functions.
Sec. 1464. Termination of Overseas Private Investment Corporation and 
                            other superceded authorities.
Sec. 1465. Transitional authorities.
Sec. 1466. Savings provisions.
Sec. 1467. Other terminations.
Sec. 1468. Incidental transfers.
Sec. 1469. Reference.
Sec. 1470. Conforming amendments.

                     DIVISION G--SYRIA STUDY GROUP

Sec. 1501. Syria Study Group.

                DIVISION H--PREVENTING EMERGING THREATS

Sec. 1601. Short title.
Sec. 1602. Protection of certain facilities and assets from unmanned 
                            aircraft.
Sec. 1603. Protecting against unmanned aircraft.

   DIVISION I--SUPPLEMENTAL APPROPRIATIONS FOR DISASTER RELIEF, 2018

Sec. 1701. Budgetary effects.

                     DIVISION J--MARITIME SECURITY

Sec. 1801. Short title.
Sec. 1802. Definitions.
Sec. 1803. Coordination with TSA on maritime facilities.
Sec. 1804. Strategic plan to enhance the security of the international 
                            supply chain.
Sec. 1805. Cybersecurity information sharing and coordination in ports.
Sec. 1806. Facility inspection intervals.
Sec. 1807. Updates of maritime operations coordination plan .
Sec. 1808. Evaluation of Coast Guard deployable specialized forces.
Sec. 1809. Repeal of interagency operational centers for port security 
                            and secure systems of transportation.
Sec. 1810. Duplication of efforts in the maritime domain.
Sec. 1811. Maritime security capabilities assessments.
Sec. 1812. Container Security Initiative.
Sec. 1813. Maritime border security review.
Sec. 1814. Maritime border security cooperation.
Sec. 1815. Transportation worker identification credential appeals 
                            process.
Sec. 1816. Technical and conforming amendments.

                  DIVISION K--TRANSPORTATION SECURITY

                    TITLE I--TRANSPORTATION SECURITY

Sec. 1901. Short title; references.
Sec. 1902. Definitions.

              Subtitle A--Organization and Authorizations

Sec. 1903. Authorization of appropriations.
Sec. 1904. Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration; 
                            5-year term.
Sec. 1905. Transportation Security Administration organization.
Sec. 1906. Transportation Security Administration efficiency.
Sec. 1907. Personnel management system review.
Sec. 1908. TSA leap pay reform.
Sec. 1909. Rank awards program for transportation security 
                            administration executives and senior 
                            professionals.
Sec. 1910. Transmittals to Congress.

                    Subtitle B--Security Technology

Sec. 1911. Third party testing and verification of screening 
                            technology.
Sec. 1912. Transportation security administration systems integration 
                            facility.
Sec. 1913. Opportunities to pursue expanded networks for business.
Sec. 1914. Reciprocal recognition of security standards.
Sec. 1915. Transportation Security Laboratory.
Sec. 1916. Innovation Task Force.
Sec. 1917. 5-Year technology investment plan update.
Sec. 1918. Maintenance of security-related technology.
Sec. 1919. Biometrics expansion.
Sec. 1920. Pilot program for automated exit lane technology.
Sec. 1921. Authorization of appropriations; exit lane security.
Sec. 1922. Real-time security checkpoint wait times.
Sec. 1923. GAO report on deployment of screening technologies across 
                            airports.
Sec. 1924. Screening technology review and performance objectives.
Sec. 1925. Computed tomography pilot programs.

                    Subtitle C--Public Area Security

Sec. 1926. Definitions.
Sec. 1927. Explosives detection canine capacity building.
Sec. 1928. Third party domestic canines.
Sec. 1929. Tracking and monitoring of canine training and testing.
Sec. 1930. VIPR team statistics.
Sec. 1931. Public area security working group.
Sec. 1932. Public area best practices.
Sec. 1933. Airport worker access controls cost and feasibility study.
Sec. 1934. Securing airport worker access points.
Sec. 1935. Law Enforcement Officer Reimbursement Program.
Sec. 1936. Airport perimeter and access control security.

                Subtitle D--Passenger and Cargo Security

Sec. 1937. PreCheck Program.
Sec. 1938. PreCheck expedited screening.
Sec. 1939. Trusted traveler programs; collaboration.
Sec. 1940. Passenger security fee.
Sec. 1941. Third party canine teams for air cargo security.
Sec. 1942. Known Shipper Program review.
Sec. 1943. Establishment of air cargo security division.
Sec. 1944. Air cargo regulation review.
Sec. 1945. GAO review.
Sec. 1946. Screening partnership program updates.
Sec. 1947. Screening performance assessments.
Sec. 1948. Transportation security training programs.
Sec. 1949. Traveler redress improvement.
Sec. 1950. Improvements for screening of passengers with disabilities.
Sec. 1951. Air cargo advance screening program.
Sec. 1952. General aviation airports.

                  Subtitle E--Foreign Airport Security

Sec. 1953. Last point of departure airports; security directives.
Sec. 1954. Last point of departure airport assessment.
Sec. 1955. Tracking security screening equipment from last point of 
                            departure airports.
Sec. 1956. International security standards.
Sec. 1957. Aviation security in Cuba.
Sec. 1958. Report on airports used by Mahan Air.

                 Subtitle F--Cockpit and Cabin Security

Sec. 1959. Federal air marshal service updates.
Sec. 1960. Crew member self-defense training.
Sec. 1961. Flight deck safety and security.
Sec. 1962. Carriage of weapons, explosives, and incendiaries by 
                            individuals.
Sec. 1963. Federal flight deck officer program improvements.

              Subtitle G--Surface Transportation Security

Sec. 1964. Surface transportation security assessment and 
                            implementation of risk-based strategy.
Sec. 1965. Risk-based budgeting and resource allocation.
Sec. 1966. Surface transportation security management and interagency 
                            coordination review.
Sec. 1967. Transparency.
Sec. 1968. TSA counterterrorism asset deployment.
Sec. 1969. Surface Transportation Security Advisory Committee.
Sec. 1970. Review of the explosives detection canine team program.
Sec. 1971. Expansion of national explosives detection canine team 
                            program.
Sec. 1972. Study on security standards and best practices for passenger 
                            transportation systems.
Sec. 1973. Amtrak security upgrades.
Sec. 1974. Passenger rail vetting.
Sec. 1975. Study on surface transportation inspectors.
Sec. 1976. Security awareness program.
Sec. 1977. Voluntary use of credentialing.
Sec. 1978. Background records checks for issuance of hazmat licenses.
Sec. 1979. Cargo container scanning technology review.
Sec. 1980. Pipeline security study.
Sec. 1981. Feasibility assessment.
Sec. 1982. Best practices to secure against vehicle-based attacks.
Sec. 1983. Surface transportation stakeholder survey.
Sec. 1984. Nuclear material and explosive detection technology.

                  Subtitle H--Transportation Security

Sec. 1985. National strategy for transportation security review.
Sec. 1986. Risk scenarios.
Sec. 1987. Integrated and unified operations centers.
Sec. 1988. National Deployment Force.
Sec. 1989. Information sharing and cybersecurity.
Sec. 1990. Security technologies tied to foreign threat countries.

          Subtitle I--Conforming and Miscellaneous Amendments

Sec. 1991. Title 49 amendments.
Sec. 1992. Table of contents of chapter 449.
Sec. 1993. Other laws; Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act 
                            of 2004.
Sec. 1994. Savings provisions.

                 DIVISION A--SPORTS MEDICINE LICENSURE

SEC. 11. SHORT TITLE.

    This division may be cited as the ``Sports Medicine Licensure 
Clarity Act of 2018''.

SEC. 12. PROTECTIONS FOR COVERED SPORTS MEDICINE PROFESSIONALS.

    (a) In General.--In the case of a covered sports medicine 
professional who has in effect medical professional liability insurance 
coverage and provides in a secondary State covered medical services 
that are within the scope of practice of such professional in the 
primary State to an athlete or an athletic team (or a staff member of 
such an athlete or athletic team) pursuant to an agreement described in 
subsection (c)(4) with respect to such athlete or athletic team--
            (1) such medical professional liability insurance coverage 
        shall cover (subject to any related premium adjustments) such 
        professional with respect to such covered medical services 
        provided by the professional in the secondary State to such an 
        individual or team as if such services were provided by such 
        professional in the primary State to such an individual or 
        team; and
            (2) to the extent such professional is licensed under the 
        requirements of the primary State to provide such services to 
        such an individual or team, the professional shall be treated 
        as satisfying any licensure requirements of the secondary State 
        to provide such services to such an individual or team to the 
        extent the licensure requirements of the secondary State are 
        substantially similar to the licensure requirements of the 
        primary State.
    (b) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be 
construed--
            (1) to allow a covered sports medicine professional to 
        provide medical services in the secondary State that exceed the 
        scope of that professional's license in the primary State;
            (2) to allow a covered sports medicine professional to 
        provide medical services in the secondary State that exceed the 
        scope of a substantially similar sports medicine professional 
        license in the secondary State;
            (3) to supersede any reciprocity agreement in effect 
        between the two States regarding such services or such 
        professionals;
            (4) to supersede any interstate compact agreement entered 
        into by the two States regarding such services or such 
        professionals; or
            (5) to supersede a licensure exemption the secondary State 
        provides for sports medicine professionals licensed in the 
        primary State.
    (c) Definitions.--In this division, the following definitions 
apply:
            (1) Athlete.--The term ``athlete'' means--
                    (A) an individual participating in a sporting event 
                or activity for which the individual may be paid;
                    (B) an individual participating in a sporting event 
                or activity sponsored or sanctioned by a national 
                governing body; or
                    (C) an individual for whom a high school or 
                institution of higher education provides a covered 
                sports medicine professional.
            (2) Athletic team.--The term ``athletic team'' means a 
        sports team--
                    (A) composed of individuals who are paid to 
                participate on the team;
                    (B) composed of individuals who are participating 
                in a sporting event or activity sponsored or sanctioned 
                by a national governing body; or
                    (C) for which a high school or an institution of 
                higher education provides a covered sports medicine 
                professional.
            (3) Covered medical services.--The term ``covered medical 
        services'' means general medical care, emergency medical care, 
        athletic training, or physical therapy services. Such term does 
        not include care provided by a covered sports medicine 
        professional--
                    (A) at a health care facility; or
                    (B) while a health care provider licensed to 
                practice in the secondary State is transporting the 
                injured individual to a health care facility.
            (4) Covered sports medicine professional.--The term 
        ``covered sports medicine professional'' means a physician, 
        athletic trainer, or other health care professional who--
                    (A) is licensed to practice in the primary State;
                    (B) provides covered medical services, pursuant to 
                a written agreement with an athlete, an athletic team, 
                a national governing body, a high school, or an 
                institution of higher education; and
                    (C) prior to providing the covered medical services 
                described in subparagraph (B), has disclosed the nature 
                and extent of such services to the entity that provides 
                the professional with liability insurance in the 
                primary State.
            (5) Health care facility.--The term ``health care 
        facility'' means a facility in which medical care, diagnosis, 
        or treatment is provided on an inpatient or outpatient basis. 
        Such term does not include facilities at an arena, stadium, or 
        practice facility, or temporary facilities existing for events 
        where athletes or athletic teams may compete.
            (6) Institution of higher education.--The term 
        ``institution of higher education'' has the meaning given such 
        term in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 
        U.S.C. 1001).
            (7) License.--The term ``license'' or ``licensure'', as 
        applied with respect to a covered sports medicine professional, 
        means a professional that has met the requirements and is 
        approved to provide covered medical services in accordance with 
        State laws and regulations in the primary State. Such term may 
        include the registration or certification, or any other form of 
        special recognition, of an individual as such a professional, 
        as applicable.
            (8) National governing body.--The term ``national governing 
        body'' has the meaning given such term in section 220501 of 
        title 36, United States Code.
            (9) Primary state.--The term ``primary State'' means, with 
        respect to a covered sports medicine professional, the State in 
        which--
                    (A) the covered sports medicine professional is 
                licensed to practice; and
                    (B) the majority of the covered sports medicine 
                professional's practice is underwritten for medical 
                professional liability insurance coverage.
            (10) Secondary state.--The term ``secondary State'' means, 
        with respect to a covered sports medicine professional, any 
        State that is not the primary State.
            (11) State.--The term ``State'' means each of the several 
        States, the District of Columbia, and each commonwealth, 
        territory, or possession of the United States.
            (12) Substantially similar.--The term ``substantially 
        similar'', with respect to the licensure by primary and 
        secondary States of a sports medicine professional, means that 
        both the primary and secondary States have in place a form of 
        licensure for such professionals that permits such 
        professionals to provide covered medical services.

              DIVISION B--FAA REAUTHORIZATION ACT OF 2018

SEC. 101. DEFINITION OF APPROPRIATE COMMITTEES OF CONGRESS.

    In this division, the term ``appropriate committees of Congress'' 
means the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the 
Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the 
House of Representatives.

                        TITLE I--AUTHORIZATIONS

                  Subtitle A--Funding of FAA Programs

SEC. 111. AIRPORT PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT AND NOISE COMPATIBILITY 
              PLANNING AND PROGRAMS.

    (a) Authorization.--Section 48103(a) of title 49, United States 
Code, is amended by striking ``section 47504(c)'' and all that follows 
through the period at the end and inserting the following: ``section 
47504(c)--
            ``(1) $3,350,000,000 for fiscal year 2018;
            ``(2) $3,350,000,000 for fiscal year 2019;
            ``(3) $3,350,000,000 for fiscal year 2020;
            ``(4) $3,350,000,000 for fiscal year 2021;
            ``(5) $3,350,000,000 for fiscal year 2022; and
            ``(6) $3,350,000,000 for fiscal year 2023.''.
    (b) Obligation Authority.--Section 47104(c) of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended in the matter preceding paragraph (1) by 
striking ``2018,'' and inserting ``2023,''.

SEC. 112. FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT.

    (a) Authorization of Appropriations From Airport and Airway Trust 
Fund.--Section 48101(a) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by 
striking paragraphs (1) through (5) and inserting the following:
            ``(1) $3,330,000,000 for fiscal year 2018.
            ``(2) $3,398,000,000 for fiscal year 2019.
            ``(3) $3,469,000,000 for fiscal year 2020.
            ``(4) $3,547,000,000 for fiscal year 2021.
            ``(5) $3,624,000,000 for fiscal year 2022.
            ``(6) $3,701,000,000 for fiscal year 2023.''.
    (b) Authorized Expenditures.--Section 48101(c) of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended--
            (1) in the subsection heading by striking ``Automated 
        Surface Observation System/Automated Weather Observing System 
        Upgrade'' and inserting ``Authorized Expenditures''; and
            (2) by striking ``may be used for the implementation'' and 
        all that follows through the period at the end and inserting 
        the following: ``may be used for the following:
            ``(1) The implementation and use of upgrades to the current 
        automated surface observation system/automated weather 
        observing system, if the upgrade is successfully demonstrated.
            ``(2) The acquisition and construction of remote towers (as 
        defined in section 161 of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018).
            ``(3) The remediation and elimination of identified 
        cybersecurity vulnerabilities in the air traffic control 
        system.
            ``(4) The construction of facilities dedicated to improving 
        the cybersecurity of the National Airspace System.
            ``(5) Systems associated with the Data Communications 
        program.
            ``(6) The infrastructure, sustainment, and the elimination 
        of the deferred maintenance backlog of air navigation 
        facilities and other facilities for which the Federal Aviation 
        Administration is responsible.
            ``(7) The modernization and digitization of the Civil 
        Aviation Registry.
            ``(8) The construction of necessary Priority 1 National 
        Airspace System facilities.
            ``(9) Cost-beneficial construction, rehabilitation, or 
        retrofitting programs designed to reduce Federal Aviation 
        Administration facility operating costs.''.

SEC. 113. FAA OPERATIONS.

    (a) In General.--Section 106(k)(1) of title 49, United States Code, 
is amended by striking subparagraphs (A) through (F) and inserting the 
following:
                    ``(A) $10,247,000,000 for fiscal year 2018;
                    ``(B) $10,486,000,000 for fiscal year 2019;
                    ``(C) $10,732,000,000 for fiscal year 2020;
                    ``(D) $11,000,000,000 for fiscal year 2021;
                    ``(E) $11,269,000,000 for fiscal year 2022; and
                    ``(F) $11,537,000,000 for fiscal year 2023.''.
    (b) Authorized Expenditures.--Section 106(k)(2) of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(D) Not more than the following amounts for 
                commercial space transportation activities:
                            ``(i) $22,587,000 for fiscal year 2018.
                            ``(ii) $33,038,000 for fiscal year 2019.
                            ``(iii) $43,500,000 for fiscal year 2020.
                            ``(iv) $54,970,000 for fiscal year 2021.
                            ``(v) $64,449,000 for fiscal year 2022.
                            ``(vi) $75,938,000 for fiscal year 2023.''.
    (c) Authority to Transfer Funds.--Section 106(k)(3) of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended by striking ``fiscal years 2012 through 
2018,'' and inserting ``fiscal years 2018 through 2023,''.

SEC. 114. WEATHER REPORTING PROGRAMS.

    Section 48105 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by striking ``To reimburse the'' and all that follows 
        through ``the Secretary of Transportation'' and inserting ``To 
        sustain the aviation weather reporting programs of the Federal 
        Aviation Administration, the Secretary of Transportation''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) $39,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 
        2023.''.

SEC. 115. ADJUSTMENT TO AIP PROGRAM FUNDING.

    Section 48112 of title 49, United States Code, and the item 
relating to such section in the analysis for chapter 481 of such title, 
are repealed.

SEC. 116. FUNDING FOR AVIATION PROGRAMS.

    Section 48114(a)(1)(A)(ii) of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended by striking ``in fiscal year 2014 and each fiscal year 
thereafter'' and inserting ``in fiscal years 2014 through 2018''.

SEC. 117. EXTENSION OF EXPIRING AUTHORITIES.

    (a) Marshall Islands, Micronesia, and Palau.--Section 47115 of 
title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by striking subsection (i);
            (2) by redesignating subsection (j) as subsection (i); and
            (3) in subsection (i) (as so redesignated), by striking 
        ``fiscal years 2012 through 2018'' and inserting ``fiscal years 
        2018 through 2023''.
    (b) Extension of Compatible Land Use Planning and Projects by State 
and Local Governments.--Section 47141(f) of title 49, United States 
Code, is amended by striking ``September 30, 2018'' and inserting 
``September 30, 2023''.
    (c) Midway Island Airport.--Section 186(d) of the Vision 100--
Century of Aviation Reauthorization Act (Public Law 108-176; 117 Stat. 
2518) is amended by striking ``for fiscal years 2012 through 2018'' and 
inserting ``for fiscal years 2018 through 2023''.
    (d) Extension of Pilot Program for Redevelopment of Airport 
Properties.--Section 822(k) of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 
2012 (49 U.S.C. 47141 note) is amended by striking ``September 30, 
2018'' and inserting ``September 30, 2023''.

                 Subtitle B--Passenger Facility Charges

SEC. 121. PASSENGER FACILITY CHARGE MODERNIZATION.

    (a) Passenger Facility Charges; General Authority.--Section 
40117(b)(4) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking 
        ``, if the Secretary finds--'' and inserting a period; and
            (2) by striking subparagraphs (A) and (B).
    (b) Pilot Program for Passenger Facility Charge Authorizations at 
Nonhub Airports.--Section 40117(l) of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended--
            (1) in the heading, by striking ``at Nonhub Airports'';
            (2) in paragraph (1), by striking ``nonhub''; and
            (3) in paragraph (6), by striking ``Not later than 180 days 
        after the date of enactment of this subsection, the'' and 
        inserting ``The''.

SEC. 122. FUTURE AVIATION INFRASTRUCTURE AND FINANCING STUDY.

    (a) Future Aviation Infrastructure and Financing Study.--Not later 
than 60 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of 
Transportation shall enter into an agreement with a qualified 
organization to conduct a study assessing the infrastructure needs of 
airports and existing financial resources for commercial service 
airports and make recommendations on the actions needed to upgrade the 
national aviation infrastructure system to meet the growing and 
shifting demands of the 21st century.
    (b) Consultation.--In carrying out the study, the qualified 
organization shall convene and consult with a panel of national 
experts, including representatives of--
            (1) nonhub airports;
            (2) small hub airports;
            (3) medium hub airports;
            (4) large hub airports;
            (5) airports with international service;
            (6) nonprimary airports;
            (7) local elected officials;
            (8) relevant labor organizations;
            (9) passengers;
            (10) air carriers;
            (11) the tourism industry; and
            (12) the business travel industry.
    (c) Considerations.--In carrying out the study, the qualified 
organization shall consider--
            (1) the ability of airport infrastructure to meet current 
        and projected passenger volumes;
            (2) the available financial tools and resources for 
        airports of different sizes;
            (3) the available financing tools and resources for 
        airports in rural areas;
            (4) the current debt held by airports, and its impact on 
        future construction and capacity needs;
            (5) the impact of capacity constraints on passengers and 
        ticket prices;
            (6) the purchasing power of the passenger facility charge 
        from the last increase in 2000 to the year of enactment of this 
        Act;
            (7) the impact to passengers and airports of indexing the 
        passenger facility charge for inflation;
            (8) how long airports are constrained with current 
        passenger facility charge collections;
            (9) the impact of passenger facility charges on promoting 
        competition;
            (10) the additional resources or options to fund terminal 
        construction projects;
            (11) the resources eligible for use toward noise reduction 
        and emission reduction projects;
            (12) the gap between the cost of projects eligible for the 
        airport improvement program and the annual Federal funding 
        provided;
            (13) the impact of regulatory requirements on airport 
        infrastructure financing needs;
            (14) airline competition;
            (15) airline ancillary fees and their impact on ticket 
        pricing and taxable revenue; and
            (16) the ability of airports to finance necessary safety, 
        security, capacity, and environmental projects identified in 
        capital improvement plans.
    (d) Large Hub Airports.--The study shall, to the extent not 
considered under subsection (c), separately evaluate the infrastructure 
requirements of the large hub airports identified in the National Plan 
of Integrated Airport Systems (NPIAS). The evaluation shall--
            (1) analyze the current and future capacity constraints of 
        large hub airports;
            (2) quantify large hub airports' infrastructure 
        requirements, including terminal, landside, and airside 
        infrastructure;
            (3) quantify the percentage growth in infrastructure 
        requirements of the large hub airports relative to other 
        commercial service airports;
            (4) analyze how much funding from the airport improvement 
        program (AIP) has gone to meet the requirements of large hub 
        airports over the past 10 years; and
            (5) project how much AIP funding would be available to meet 
        the requirements of large hub airports in the next 5 years if 
        funding levels are held constant.
    (e) Report.--Not later than 15 months after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the qualified organization shall submit to the Secretary 
and the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the results of 
the study described in subsection (a), including its findings and 
recommendations related to each item in subsections (c) and (d).
    (f) Definition of Qualified Organization.--In this section, the 
term ``qualified organization'' means an independent nonprofit 
organization that recommends solutions to public policy challenges 
through objective analysis.

SEC. 123. INTERMODAL ACCESS PROJECTS.

    Not later than 6 months after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall, after 
consideration of all public comments, publish in the Federal Register a 
final policy amendment consistent with the notice published in the 
Federal Register on May 3, 2016 (81 Fed. Reg. 26611).

         Subtitle C--Airport Improvement Program Modifications

SEC. 131. GRANT ASSURANCES.

    Section 47107 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(17), by striking ``each contract'' 
        and inserting ``if any phase of such project has received funds 
        under this subchapter, each contract'';
            (2) in subsection (r)(3), by striking ``2018'' and 
        inserting ``2023''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(u) Construction of Recreational Aircraft.--
            ``(1) In general.--The construction of a covered aircraft 
        shall be treated as an aeronautical activity for purposes of--
                    ``(A) determining an airport's compliance with a 
                grant assurance made under this section or any other 
                provision of law; and
                    ``(B) the receipt of Federal financial assistance 
                for airport development.
            ``(2) Covered aircraft defined.--In this subsection, the 
        term `covered aircraft' means an aircraft--
                    ``(A) used or intended to be used exclusively for 
                recreational purposes; and
                    ``(B) constructed or under construction by a 
                private individual at a general aviation airport.
    ``(v) Community Use of Airport Land.--
            ``(1) In general.--Notwithstanding subsection (a)(13), and 
        subject to paragraph (2), the sponsor of a public-use airport 
        shall not be considered to be in violation of this subtitle, or 
        to be found in violation of a grant assurance made under this 
        section, or under any other provision of law, as a condition 
        for the receipt of Federal financial assistance for airport 
        development, solely because the sponsor has entered into an 
        agreement, including a revised agreement, with a local 
        government providing for the use of airport property for an 
        interim compatible recreational purpose at below fair market 
        value.
            ``(2) Restrictions.--This subsection shall apply only--
                    ``(A) to an agreement regarding airport property 
                that was initially entered into before the publication 
                of the Federal Aviation Administration's Policy and 
                Procedures Concerning the Use of Airport Revenue, dated 
                February 16, 1999;
                    ``(B) if the agreement between the sponsor and the 
                local government is subordinate to any existing or 
                future agreements between the sponsor and the 
                Secretary, including agreements related to a grant 
                assurance under this section;
                    ``(C) to airport property that was acquired under a 
                Federal airport development grant program;
                    ``(D) if the airport sponsor has provided a written 
                statement to the Administrator that the property made 
                available for a recreational purpose will not be needed 
                for any aeronautical purpose during the next 10 years;
                    ``(E) if the agreement includes a term of not more 
                than 2 years to prepare the airport property for the 
                interim compatible recreational purpose and not more 
                than 10 years of use for that purpose;
                    ``(F) if the recreational purpose will not impact 
                the aeronautical use of the airport;
                    ``(G) if the airport sponsor provides a 
                certification that the sponsor is not responsible for 
                preparation, start-up, operations, maintenance, or any 
                other costs associated with the recreational purpose; 
                and
                    ``(H) if the recreational purpose is consistent 
                with Federal land use compatibility criteria under 
                section 47502.
            ``(3) Statutory construction.--Nothing in this subsection 
        may be construed as permitting a diversion of airport revenue 
        for the capital or operating costs associated with the 
        community use of airport land.''.

SEC. 132. MOTHERS' ROOMS.

    (a) Grant Assurances.--Section 47107 of title 49, United States 
Code, as amended by this Act, is further amended by adding at the end 
the following:
    ``(w) Mothers' Rooms.--
            ``(1) In general.--In fiscal year 2021 and each fiscal year 
        thereafter, the Secretary of Transportation may approve an 
        application under this subchapter for an airport development 
        project grant only if the Secretary receives written assurances 
        that the airport owner or operator will maintain--
                    ``(A) a lactation area in the sterile area of each 
                passenger terminal building of the airport; and
                    ``(B) a baby changing table in one men's and one 
                women's restroom in each passenger terminal building of 
                the airport.
            ``(2) Applicability.--
                    ``(A) Airport size.--The requirement in paragraph 
                (1) shall only apply to applications submitted by the 
                airport sponsor of a medium or large hub airport.
                    ``(B) Preexisting facilities.--On application by an 
                airport sponsor, the Secretary may determine that a 
                lactation area in existence on the date of enactment of 
                this Act complies with the requirement in paragraph 
                (1), notwithstanding the absence of one of the 
                facilities or characteristics referred to in the 
                definition of the term `lactation area' in this 
                subsection.
                    ``(C) Special rule.--The requirement in paragraph 
                (1) shall not apply with respect to a project grant 
                application for a period of time, determined by the 
                Secretary, if the Secretary determines that 
                construction or maintenance activities make it 
                impracticable or unsafe for the lactation area to be 
                located in the sterile area of the building.
            ``(3) Definition.--In this section, the term--
                    ``(A) `lactation area' means a room or similar 
                accommodation that--
                            ``(i) provides a location for members of 
                        the public to express breast milk that is 
                        shielded from view and free from intrusion from 
                        the public;
                            ``(ii) has a door that can be locked;
                            ``(iii) includes a place to sit, a table or 
                        other flat surface, a sink or sanitizing 
                        equipment, and an electrical outlet;
                            ``(iv) is readily accessible to and usable 
                        by individuals with disabilities, including 
                        individuals who use wheelchairs; and
                            ``(v) is not located in a restroom; and
                    ``(B) `sterile area' has the same meaning given 
                that term in section 1540.5 of title 49, Code of 
                Federal Regulations.''.
    (b) Terminal Development Costs.--Section 47119(a) of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) Lactation areas.--In addition to the projects 
        described in paragraph (1), the Secretary may approve a project 
        for terminal development for the construction or installation 
        of a lactation area (as defined in section 47107(w)) at a 
        commercial service airport.''.

SEC. 133. CONTRACT TOWER PROGRAM.

    (a) Air Traffic Control Contract Program.--
            (1) Special rule.--Section 47124(b)(1)(B) of title 49, 
        United States Code, is amended--
                    (A) by striking ``under the program continued under 
                this paragraph'' and inserting ``under the Contract 
                Tower Program''; and
                    (B) by striking ``exceeds the benefit for a period 
                of 18 months after such determination is made'' and 
                inserting the following: ``exceeds the benefit--
                            ``(i) for the 1-year period after such 
                        determination is made; or
                            ``(ii) if an appeal of such determination 
                        is requested, for the 1-year period described 
                        in subsection (d)(4)(D).''.
            (2) Exemption.--Section 47124(b)(3)(D) of title 49, United 
        States Code, is amended--
                    (A) by striking ``under the program'' and inserting 
                ``under the Cost-share Program''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following: ``Airports 
                with air service provided under part 121 of title 14, 
                Code of Federal Regulations, and more than 25,000 
                passenger enplanements in calendar year 2014 shall be 
                exempt from any cost-share requirement under this 
                paragraph.''.
            (3) Construction of air traffic control towers.--
                    (A) Grants.--Section 47124(b)(4)(A) of title 49, 
                United States Code, is amended in each of clauses 
                (i)(III) and (ii)(III) by inserting ``, including 
                remote air traffic control tower equipment certified by 
                the Federal Aviation Administration'' after ``1996''.
                    (B) Eligibility.--Section 47124(b)(4)(B)(i)(I) of 
                title 49, United States Code, is amended by striking 
                ``contract tower program established under subsection 
                (a) and continued under paragraph (1) or the pilot 
                program established under paragraph (3)'' and inserting 
                ``Contract Tower Program or the Cost-share Program''.
                    (C) Limitation on federal share.--Section 
                47124(b)(4) of title 49, United States Code, is amended 
                by striking subparagraph (C).
            (4) Benefit-to-cost calculation for program applicants.--
        Section 47124(b)(3) of title 49, United States Code, is amended 
        by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(G) Benefit-to-cost calculation.--Not later than 
                90 days after receiving an application to the Contract 
                Tower Program, the Secretary shall calculate a benefit-
                to-cost ratio (as described in subsection (d)) for the 
                applicable air traffic control tower for purposes of 
                selecting towers for participation in the Contract 
                Tower Program.''.
    (b) Criteria To Evaluate Participants.--Section 47124 of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(d) Criteria To Evaluate Participants.--
            ``(1) Timing of evaluations.--
                    ``(A) Towers participating in cost-share program.--
                In the case of an air traffic control tower that is 
                operated under the Cost-share Program, the Secretary 
                shall annually calculate a benefit-to-cost ratio with 
                respect to the tower.
                    ``(B) Towers participating in contract tower 
                program.--In the case of an air traffic control tower 
                that is operated under the Contract Tower Program, the 
                Secretary shall not calculate a benefit-to-cost ratio 
                after the date of enactment of this subsection with 
                respect to the tower unless the Secretary determines 
                that the annual aircraft traffic at the airport where 
                the tower is located has decreased--
                            ``(i) by more than 25 percent from the 
                        previous year; or
                            ``(ii) by more than 55 percent cumulatively 
                        in the preceding 3-year period.
            ``(2) Costs to be considered.--In establishing a benefit-
        to-cost ratio under this section with respect to an air traffic 
        control tower, the Secretary shall consider only the following 
        costs:
                    ``(A) The Federal Aviation Administration's actual 
                cost of wages and benefits of personnel working at the 
                tower.
                    ``(B) The Federal Aviation Administration's actual 
                telecommunications costs directly associated with the 
                tower.
                    ``(C) The Federal Aviation Administration's costs 
                of purchasing and installing any air traffic control 
                equipment that would not have been purchased or 
                installed except as a result of the operation of the 
                tower.
                    ``(D) The Federal Aviation Administration's actual 
                travel costs associated with maintaining air traffic 
                control equipment that is owned by the Administration 
                and would not be maintained except as a result of the 
                operation of the tower.
                    ``(E) Other actual costs of the Federal Aviation 
                Administration directly associated with the tower that 
                would not be incurred except as a result of the 
                operation of the tower (excluding costs for noncontract 
                tower-related personnel and equipment, even if the 
                personnel or equipment is located in the contract tower 
                building).
            ``(3) Other criteria to be considered.--In establishing a 
        benefit-to-cost ratio under this section with respect to an air 
        traffic control tower, the Secretary shall add a 10 percentage 
        point margin of error to the benefit-to-cost ratio 
        determination to acknowledge and account for the direct and 
        indirect economic and other benefits that are not included in 
        the criteria the Secretary used in calculating that ratio.
            ``(4) Review of cost-benefit determinations.--In issuing a 
        benefit-to-cost ratio determination under this section with 
        respect to an air traffic control tower located at an airport, 
        the Secretary shall implement the following procedures:
                    ``(A) The Secretary shall provide the airport (or 
                the State or local government having jurisdiction over 
                the airport) at least 90 days following the date of 
                receipt of the determination to submit to the Secretary 
                a request for an appeal of the determination, together 
                with updated or additional data in support of the 
                appeal.
                    ``(B) Upon receipt of a request for an appeal 
                submitted pursuant to subparagraph (A), the Secretary 
                shall--
                            ``(i) transmit to the Administrator of the 
                        Federal Aviation Administration any updated or 
                        additional data submitted in support of the 
                        appeal; and
                            ``(ii) provide the Administrator not more 
                        than 90 days to review the data and provide a 
                        response to the Secretary based on the review.
                    ``(C) After receiving a response from the 
                Administrator pursuant to subparagraph (B), the 
                Secretary shall--
                            ``(i) provide the airport, State, or local 
                        government that requested the appeal at least 
                        30 days to review the response; and
                            ``(ii) withhold from taking further action 
                        in connection with the appeal during that 30-
                        day period.
                    ``(D) If, after completion of the appeal procedures 
                with respect to the determination, the Secretary 
                requires the tower to transition into the Cost-share 
                Program, the Secretary shall not require a cost-share 
                payment from the airport, State, or local government 
                for 1 year following the last day of the 30-day period 
                described in subparagraph (C).
    ``(e) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Contract tower program.--The term `Contract Tower 
        Program' means the level I air traffic control tower contract 
        program established under subsection (a) and continued under 
        subsection (b)(1).
            ``(2) Cost-share program.--The term `Cost-share Program' 
        means the cost-share program established under subsection 
        (b)(3).''.
    (c) Conforming Amendments.--Section 47124(b) of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)(C), by striking ``the program 
        established under paragraph (3)'' and inserting ``the Cost-
        share Program'';
            (2) in paragraph (3)--
                    (A) in the heading, by striking ``contract air 
                traffic control tower program'' and inserting ``Cost-
                share program'';
                    (B) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``contract 
                tower program established under subsection (a) and 
                continued under paragraph (1) (in this paragraph 
                referred to as the `Contract Tower Program')'' and 
                inserting ``Contract Tower Program'';
                    (C) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``In carrying 
                out the program'' and inserting ``In carrying out the 
                Cost-share Program'';
                    (D) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``participate 
                in the program'' and inserting ``participate in the 
                Cost-share Program''; and
                    (E) in subparagraph (F), by striking ``the program 
                continued under paragraph (1)'' and inserting ``the 
                Contract Tower Program''.
    (d) Approval of Certain Applications for the Contract Tower 
Program.--
            (1) In general.--If the Administrator of the Federal 
        Aviation Administration has not implemented a revised cost-
        benefit methodology for purposes of determining eligibility for 
        the Contract Tower Program before the date that is 30 days 
        after the date of enactment of this Act, any airport with an 
        application for participation in the Contract Tower Program 
        pending as of January 1, 2017, shall be approved for 
        participation in the Contract Tower Program if the 
        Administrator determines the tower is eligible under the 
        criteria set forth in the Federal Aviation Administration 
        report entitled ``Establishment and Discontinuance Criteria for 
        Airport Traffic Control Towers'', and dated August 1990 (FAA-
        APO-90-7).
            (2) Requests for additional authority.--The Administrator 
        shall respond not later than 60 days after the date the 
        Administrator receives a formal request from an airport and air 
        traffic control contractor for additional authority to expand 
        contract tower operational hours and staff to accommodate 
        flight traffic outside of current tower operational hours.
            (3) Definition of contract tower program.--In this section, 
        the term ``Contract Tower Program'' has the meaning given the 
        term in section 47124(e) of title 49, United States Code, as 
        added by this Act.

SEC. 134. GOVERNMENT SHARE OF PROJECT COSTS.

    Section 47109(a) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``primary airport having 
        at least .25 percent of the total number of passenger boardings 
        each year at all commercial service airports;'' and inserting 
        ``medium or large hub airport;''; and
            (2) by striking paragraph (5) and inserting the following:
            ``(5) 95 percent for a project that--
                    ``(A) the Administrator determines is a successive 
                phase of a multiphase construction project for which 
                the sponsor received a grant in fiscal year 2011; and
                    ``(B) for which the United States Government's 
                share of allowable project costs would otherwise be 
                capped at 90 percent under paragraph (2) or (3).''.

SEC. 135. UPDATED VETERANS' PREFERENCE.

    Section 47112(c)(1)(C) of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended--
            (1) by striking ``or Operation New Dawn for more'' and 
        inserting ``Operation New Dawn, Operation Inherent Resolve, 
        Operation Freedom's Sentinel, or any successor contingency 
        operation to such operations for more''; and
            (2) by striking ``or Operation New Dawn (whichever is 
        later)'' and inserting ``Operation New Dawn, Operation Inherent 
        Resolve, Operation Freedom's Sentinel, or any successor 
        contingency operation to such operations (whichever is 
        later)''.

SEC. 136. USE OF STATE HIGHWAY SPECIFICATIONS.

    Section 47114(d)(5) of title 49, United States Code, is amended to 
read as follows:
            ``(5) Use of state highway specifications.--The Secretary 
        shall use the highway specifications of a State for airfield 
        pavement construction and improvement using funds made 
        available under this subsection at nonprimary airports serving 
        aircraft that do not exceed 60,000 pounds gross weight if--
                    ``(A) such State requests the use of such 
                specifications; and
                    ``(B) the Secretary determines that--
                            ``(i) safety will not be negatively 
                        affected; and
                            ``(ii) the life of the pavement, with 
                        necessary maintenance and upkeep, will not be 
                        shorter than it would be if constructed using 
                        Administration standards.''.

SEC. 137. FORMER MILITARY AIRPORTS.

    Section 47118(a) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)(C), by striking ``or'' at the end;
            (2) in paragraph (2), by striking the period at the end and 
        inserting ``; or''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) the airport is--
                    ``(A) a former military installation that, at any 
                time after December 31, 1965, was owned and operated by 
                the Department of Defense; and
                    ``(B) a nonhub primary airport.''.

SEC. 138. ELIGIBILITY OF CCTV PROJECTS FOR AIRPORT IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM.

    Section 47119(a)(1)(B) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``; and'' at the end and inserting ``; 
        or'';
            (2) by striking ``directly related to moving passengers'' 
        and inserting the following: ``directly related to--
                            ``(i) moving passengers''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(ii) installing security cameras in the 
                        public area of the interior and exterior of the 
                        terminal; and''.

SEC. 139. STATE BLOCK GRANT PROGRAM EXPANSION.

    Section 47128(a) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by 
striking ``not more than 9 qualified States for fiscal years 2000 and 
2001 and 10 qualified States for each fiscal year thereafter'' and 
inserting ``not more than 20 qualified States for each fiscal year''.

SEC. 140. NON-MOVEMENT AREA SURVEILLANCE PILOT PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--Subchapter I of chapter 471 of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended by inserting after section 47142 the following:
``Sec. 47143. Non-movement area surveillance surface display systems 
              pilot program
    ``(a) In General.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
Administration may carry out a pilot program to support non-Federal 
acquisition and installation of qualifying non-movement area 
surveillance surface display systems and sensors if--
            ``(1) the Administrator determines that such systems and 
        sensors would improve safety or capacity in the National 
        Airspace System; and
            ``(2) the non-movement area surveillance surface display 
        systems and sensors supplement existing movement area systems 
        and sensors at the selected airports established under other 
        programs administered by the Administrator.
    ``(b) Project Grants.--
            ``(1) In general.--For purposes of carrying out the pilot 
        program, the Administrator may make a project grant out of 
        funds apportioned under paragraph (1) or paragraph (2) of 
        section 47114(c) to not more than 5 eligible sponsors to 
        acquire and install qualifying non-movement area surveillance 
        surface display systems and sensors. The airports selected to 
        participate in the pilot program shall have existing 
        Administration movement area systems and airlines that are 
        participants in Federal Aviation Administration's airport 
        collaborative decision-making process.
            ``(2) Data exchange processes.--As part of the pilot 
        program carried out under this section, the Administrator may 
        establish data exchange processes to allow airport 
        participation in the Administration's airport collaborative 
        decision-making process and fusion of the non-movement 
        surveillance data with the Administration's movement area 
        systems.
    ``(c) Sunset.--This section shall cease to be effective on October 
1, 2023.
    ``(d) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Non-movement area.--The term `non-movement area' 
        means the portion of the airfield surface that is not under the 
        control of air traffic control.
            ``(2) Non-movement area surveillance surface display 
        systems and sensors.--The term `non-movement area surveillance 
        surface display systems and sensors' means a non-Federal 
        surveillance system that uses on-airport sensors that track 
        vehicles or aircraft that are equipped with transponders in the 
        non-movement area.
            ``(3) Qualifying non-movement area surveillance surface 
        display system and sensors.--The term `qualifying non-movement 
        area surveillance surface display system and sensors' means a 
        non-movement area surveillance surface display system that--
                    ``(A) provides the required transmit and receive 
                data formats consistent with the National Airspace 
                System architecture at the appropriate service delivery 
                point;
                    ``(B) is on-airport; and
                    ``(C) is airport operated.''.
    (b) Technical and Conforming Amendments.--The table of contents of 
chapter 471 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by inserting 
after the item relating to section 47142 the following:

``47143. Non-movement area surveillance surface display systems pilot 
                            program.''.

SEC. 141. PROPERTY CONVEYANCE RELEASES.

    Section 817(a) of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49 
U.S.C. 47125 note) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``or section 23'' and inserting ``, section 
        23''; and
            (2) by inserting ``, or section 47125 of title 49, United 
        States Code'' before the period at the end.

SEC. 142. STUDY REGARDING TECHNOLOGY USAGE AT AIRPORTS.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 6 months after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
Administration shall initiate a study on--
            (1) technology developed by international entities 
        (including foreign nations and companies) that have been 
        installed in American airports and aviation systems over the 
        past decade, including the nation where the technology was 
        developed and any airports utilizing the technology; and
            (2) aviation safety-related technology developed and 
        implemented by international entities with proven track records 
        of success that may assist in establishing best practices to 
        improve American aviation operations and safety.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a report on the results of the study.

SEC. 143. STUDY ON AIRPORT REVENUE DIVERSION.

    (a) Study.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall initiate a 
study of--
            (1) the legal and financial challenges related to repealing 
        the exception in section 47107(b)(2) of title 49, United States 
        Code, for those airports that the Federal Aviation 
        Administration has identified are covered by the exception; and
            (2) measures that may be taken to mitigate the impact of 
        repealing the exception.
    (b) Contents.--The study required under subsection (a) shall 
address--
            (1) the level of revenue diversion at the airports covered 
        by the exception described in subsection (a)(1) and the uses of 
        the diverted revenue;
            (2) the terms of any bonds or financial covenants an 
        airport owner has issued relying on diverted airport revenue;
            (3) applicable local laws or ordinances requiring use of 
        airport revenue for nonairport purposes;
            (4) whether repealing the exception would improve the long-
        term financial performance of impacted airports; and
            (5) any other practical implications of repealing the 
        exception for airports or the national aviation system.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a report on the results of the study.

SEC. 144. GAO STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF GRANTING AN EXCLUSIVE RIGHT OF 
              AERONAUTICAL SERVICES TO AN AIRPORT SPONSOR.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct 
a study to examine the cases in which an airport sponsor has exercised 
an exclusive right (commonly known as a proprietary exclusive right), 
as described in the Federal Aviation Advisory Circular 150/1590-6 
issued on January 4, 2007.
    (b) Report.--Upon completion of the study described under 
subsection (a), the Comptroller General shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a report on the findings of the study.

SEC. 145. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON SMART AIRPORTS.

    It is the sense of Congress that the Administrator of the Federal 
Aviation Administration and the Secretary of Transportation should 
produce a smart airports initiative plan that focuses on creating a 
more consumer-friendly and digitally connected airport experience. The 
plan should include recommendations on modernizing technologies to 
provide more efficient check-ins, shortened security lines, Wi-Fi and 
GPS upgrades, as well as improvements of aircraft turnaround for on-
time boarding and flights. The purpose of the initiative is to invest 
in technologies and infrastructure toward better-connected airports 
while providing appropriate national security and cybersecurity for 
travelers.

SEC. 146. CRITICAL AIRFIELD MARKINGS.

    Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall issue a 
request for proposal for a study that includes--
            (1) an independent, third-party study to assess the 
        durability of Type III and Type I glass beads applied to 
        critical markings over a 2-year period at not fewer than 2 
        primary airports in varying weather conditions to measure the 
        retroreflectivity levels of such markings on a quarterly basis; 
        and
            (2) a study at 2 other airports carried out by applying 
        Type III glass beads on half of the centerline and Type I glass 
        beads to the other half and providing for assessments from 
        pilots through surveys administered by a third party as to the 
        visibility and performance of the Type III glass beads as 
        compared to the Type I glass beads over a 1-year period.

SEC. 147. GENERAL FACILITIES AUTHORITY.

    Section 44502 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by striking subsection (e) and inserting the following:
    ``(e) Transfers of Air Traffic Systems.--
            ``(1) In general.--An airport may transfer, without 
        consideration, to the Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
        Administration, an eligible air traffic system or equipment 
        that conforms to performance specifications of the 
        Administrator if a Government airport aid program, airport 
        development aid program, or airport improvement project grant 
        was used to assist in purchasing the system or equipment.
            ``(2) Acceptance.--The Administrator shall accept the 
        eligible air traffic system or equipment and operate and 
        maintain it under criteria of the Administrator.
            ``(3) Definition.--In this subsection, the term `eligible 
        air traffic system or equipment' means--
                    ``(A) an instrument landing system consisting of a 
                glide slope and localizer (if the Administrator has 
                determined that a satellite navigation system cannot 
                provide a suitable approach to an airport);
                    ``(B) an Automated Weather Observing System weather 
                observation system; or
                    ``(C) a Remote Communication Air/Ground and Remote 
                Communication Outlet communications facility.''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(f) Airport Space.--
            ``(1) Restriction.--The Administrator may not require an 
        airport owner or sponsor (as defined in section 47102) to 
        provide to the Federal Aviation Administration without cost any 
        of the following:
                    ``(A) Building construction, maintenance, 
                utilities, or expenses for services relating to air 
                traffic control, air navigation, or weather reporting.
                    ``(B) Space in a facility owned by the airport 
                owner or sponsor for services relating to air traffic 
                control, air navigation, or weather reporting.
            ``(2) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this subsection may 
        be construed to affect--
                    ``(A) any agreement the Secretary may have or make 
                with an airport owner or sponsor for the airport owner 
                or sponsor to provide any of the items described in 
                paragraph (1)(A) or (1)(B) at below-market rates; or
                    ``(B) any grant assurance that requires an airport 
                owner or sponsor to provide land to the Administration 
                without cost for an air traffic control facility.''.

SEC. 148. RECYCLING PLANS; UNCATEGORIZED SMALL AIRPORTS.

    (a) Project Grant Application Approval.--Section 47106(a) of title 
49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (5), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (2) in paragraph (6), by inserting ``that includes the 
        project'' before ``, the master plan'';
            (3) in paragraph (6)(E), by striking the period at the end 
        and inserting ``; and''; and
            (4) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(7) if the project is at an airport that is listed as 
        having an unclassified status under the most recent national 
        plan of integrated airport systems (as described in section 
        47103), the project will be funded with an amount appropriated 
        under section 47114(d)(3)(B) and is--
                    ``(A) for maintenance of the pavement of the 
                primary runway;
                    ``(B) for obstruction removal for the primary 
                runway;
                    ``(C) for the rehabilitation of the primary runway; 
                or
                    ``(D) for a project that the Secretary considers 
                necessary for the safe operation of the airport.''.
    (b) Nonprimary Apportionment.--Section 47114(d)(3) of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(C) During fiscal years 2019 and 2020--
                            ``(i) an airport that accrued apportionment 
                        funds under subparagraph (A) in fiscal year 
                        2013 that is listed as having an unclassified 
                        status under the most recent national plan of 
                        integrated airport systems shall continue to 
                        accrue apportionment funds under subparagraph 
                        (A) at the same amount the airport accrued 
                        apportionment funds in fiscal year 2013, 
                        subject to the conditions of this paragraph;
                            ``(ii) notwithstanding the period of 
                        availability as described in section 47117(b), 
                        an amount apportioned to an airport under 
                        clause (i) shall be available to the airport 
                        only during the fiscal year in which the amount 
                        is apportioned; and
                            ``(iii) notwithstanding the waiver 
                        permitted under section 47117(c)(2), an airport 
                        receiving apportionment funds under clause (i) 
                        may not waive its claim to any part of the 
                        apportioned funds in order to make the funds 
                        available for a grant for another public-use 
                        airport.
                    ``(D) An airport that re-establishes its classified 
                status shall be eligible to accrue apportionment funds 
                pursuant to subparagraph (A) so long as such airport 
                retains its classified status.''.

SEC. 149. EVALUATION OF AIRPORT MASTER PLANS.

    Section 47106 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding 
at the end the following:
    ``(h) Evaluation of Airport Master Plans.--When evaluating the 
master plan of an airport for purposes of this subchapter, the 
Secretary shall take into account--
            ``(1) the role the airport plays with respect to medical 
        emergencies and evacuations; and
            ``(2) the role the airport plays in emergency or disaster 
        preparedness in the community served by the airport.''.

SEC. 150. DEFINITION OF SMALL BUSINESS CONCERN.

    Section 47113(a)(1) of title 49, United States Code, is amended to 
read as follows:
            ``(1) `small business concern'--
                    ``(A) has the meaning given the term in section 3 
                of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 632); but
                    ``(B) in the case of a concern in the construction 
                industry, a concern shall be considered a small 
                business concern if the concern meets the size standard 
                for the North American Industry Classification System 
                Code 237310, as adjusted by the Small Business 
                Administration;''.

SEC. 151. SMALL AIRPORT REGULATION RELIEF.

    Section 47114(c)(1) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by 
striking subparagraph (F) and inserting the following:
                    ``(F) Special rule for fiscal years 2018 through 
                2020.--Notwithstanding subparagraph (A) and subject to 
                subparagraph (G), the Secretary shall apportion to a 
                sponsor of an airport under that subparagraph for each 
                of fiscal years 2018 through 2020 an amount based on 
                the number of passenger boardings at the airport during 
                calendar year 2012 if the airport--
                            ``(i) had 10,000 or more passenger 
                        boardings during calendar year 2012;
                            ``(ii) had fewer than 10,000 passenger 
                        boardings during the calendar year used to 
                        calculate the apportionment for fiscal year 
                        2018, 2019, or 2020, as applicable, under 
                        subparagraph (A); and
                            ``(iii) had scheduled air service at any 
                        point in the calendar year used to calculate 
                        the apportionment.
                    ``(G) Limitations and waivers.--The authority to 
                make apportionments in the manner prescribed in 
                subparagraph (F) may be utilized no more than 3 years 
                in a row. The Secretary may waive this limitation if 
                the Secretary determines that an airport's enplanements 
                are substantially close to 10,000 enplanements and the 
                airport sponsor or affected communities are taking 
                reasonable steps to restore enplanements above 10,000.
                    ``(H) Minimum apportionment for commercial service 
                airports with more than 8,000 passenger boardings in a 
                calendar year.--Not less than $600,000 may be 
                apportioned under subparagraph (A) for each fiscal year 
                to each sponsor of a commercial service airport that 
                had fewer than 10,000 passenger boardings, but at least 
                8,000 passenger boardings, during the prior calendar 
                year.''.

SEC. 152. CONSTRUCTION OF CERTAIN CONTROL TOWERS.

    Section 47116(d) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by 
adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) Control tower construction.--Notwithstanding section 
        47124(b)(4)(A), the Secretary may provide grants under this 
        section to an airport sponsor participating in the contract 
        tower program under section 47124 for the construction or 
        improvement of a nonapproach control tower, as defined by the 
        Secretary, and for the acquisition and installation of air 
        traffic control, communications, and related equipment to be 
        used in that tower. Such grants shall be subject to the 
        distribution requirements of subsection (b) and the eligibility 
        requirements of section 47124(b)(4)(B).''.

SEC. 153. NONDISCRIMINATION.

    Section 47123 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by striking ``The Secretary of Transportation'' and 
        inserting the following:
    ``(a) In General.--The Secretary of Transportation''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(b) Indian Employment.--
            ``(1) Tribal sponsor preference.--Consistent with section 
        703(i) of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000e-2(i)), 
        nothing in this section shall preclude the preferential 
        employment of Indians living on or near a reservation on a 
        project or contract at--
                    ``(A) an airport sponsored by an Indian tribal 
                government; or
                    ``(B) an airport located on an Indian reservation.
            ``(2) State preference.--A State may implement a preference 
        for employment of Indians on a project carried out under this 
        subchapter near an Indian reservation.
            ``(3) Implementation.--The Secretary shall consult with 
        Indian tribal governments and cooperate with the States to 
        implement this subsection.
            ``(4) Indian tribal government defined.--In this section, 
        the term `Indian tribal government' has the same meaning given 
        that term in section 102 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster 
        Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5122).''.

SEC. 154. DEFINITION OF AIRPORT DEVELOPMENT.

    Section 47116(d)(2) of title 49, United States Code, is amended to 
read as follows:
            ``(2) Airport development for eligible mountaintop 
        airports.--In making grants to sponsors described in subsection 
        (b), the Secretary shall give priority consideration to mass 
        grading and associated structural support (including access 
        road, duct banks, and other related infrastructure) at 
        mountaintop airports, provided that the airport would not 
        otherwise have sufficient surface area for--
                    ``(A) eligible and justified airport development 
                projects; or
                    ``(B) additional hangar space.''.

SEC. 155. GENERAL AVIATION AIRPORT EXPIRED FUNDS.

    Section 47117(b) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by striking ``An amount'' and inserting ``(1) In 
        general.--An amount'';
            (2) by striking ``If the amount'' and inserting ``Except as 
        provided in paragraph (2), if the amount''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) Expired amounts apportioned for general aviation 
        airports.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Except as provided in 
                subparagraph (B), if an amount apportioned under 
                section 47114(d) is not obligated within the time 
                specified in paragraph (1), that amount shall be added 
                to the discretionary fund under section 47115 of this 
                title, provided that--
                            ``(i) amounts made available under 
                        paragraph (2)(A) shall be used for grants for 
                        projects in accordance with section 47115(d)(2) 
                        at airports eligible to receive an 
                        apportionment under section 47114(d)(2) or 
                        (3)(A), whichever is applicable; and
                            ``(ii) amounts made available under 
                        paragraph (2)(A) that are not obligated by July 
                        1 of the fiscal year in which the funds will 
                        expire shall be made available for all projects 
                        in accordance with section 47115(d)(2).
                    ``(B) State block grant program.--If an amount 
                apportioned to an airport under section 47114(d)(3)(A) 
                is not obligated within the time specified in paragraph 
                (1), and the airport is located in a State 
                participating in the State block grant program under 
                section 47128, the amount shall be made available to 
                that State under the same conditions as if the State 
                had been apportioned the amount under section 
                47114(d)(3)(B).''.

SEC. 156. PRIORITY REVIEW OF CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN COLD WEATHER 
              STATES.

    (a) In General.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
Administration, to the extent practicable, shall schedule the 
Administrator's review of construction projects so that projects to be 
carried out in the States in which the weather during a typical 
calendar year prevents major construction projects from being carried 
out before May 1 are reviewed as early as possible.
    (b) Briefing.--The Administrator shall provide a briefing to the 
appropriate committees of Congress annually on the effectiveness of the 
review and prioritization.
    (c) Technical Amendment.--Section 154 of the FAA Modernization and 
Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 47112 note) and the item relating to that 
section in the table of contents under section 1(b) of that Act (126 
Stat. 13) are repealed.

SEC. 157. MINORITY AND DISADVANTAGED BUSINESS PARTICIPATION.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
            (1) While significant progress has occurred due to the 
        establishment of the airport disadvantaged business enterprise 
        program (sections 47107(e) and 47113 of title 49, United States 
        Code), discrimination and related barriers continue to pose 
        significant obstacles for minority- and women-owned businesses 
        seeking to do business in airport-related markets across the 
        Nation. These continuing barriers merit the continuation of the 
        airport disadvantaged business enterprise program.
            (2) Congress has received and reviewed testimony and 
        documentation of race and gender discrimination from numerous 
        sources, including congressional hearings and roundtables, 
        scientific reports, reports issued by public and private 
        agencies, news stories, reports of discrimination by 
        organizations and individuals, and discrimination lawsuits. 
        This testimony and documentation shows that race- and gender-
        neutral efforts alone are insufficient to address the problem.
            (3) This testimony and documentation demonstrates that 
        discrimination across the Nation poses a barrier to full and 
        fair participation in airport-related businesses of women 
        business owners and minority business owners in the racial 
        groups detailed in parts 23 and 26 of title 49, Code of Federal 
        Regulations, and has impacted firm development and many aspects 
        of airport-related business in the public and private markets.
            (4) This testimony and documentation provides a strong 
        basis that there is a compelling need for the continuation of 
        the airport disadvantaged business enterprise program and the 
        airport concessions disadvantaged business enterprise program 
        to address race and gender discrimination in airport-related 
        business.
    (b) Prompt Payments.--
            (1) Reporting of complaints.--Not later than 120 days after 
        the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the 
        Federal Aviation Administration shall ensure that each airport 
        that participates in the Program tracks, and reports to the 
        Administrator, the number of covered complaints made in 
        relation to activities at that airport.
            (2) Improving compliance.--
                    (A) In general.--The Administrator shall take 
                actions to assess and improve compliance with prompt 
                payment requirements under part 26 of title 49, Code of 
                Federal Regulations.
                    (B) Contents of assessment.--In carrying out 
                subparagraph (A), the Administrator shall assess--
                            (i) whether requirements relating to the 
                        inclusion of prompt payment language in 
                        contracts are being satisfied;
                            (ii) whether and how airports are enforcing 
                        prompt payment requirements;
                            (iii) the processes by which covered 
                        complaints are received and resolved by 
                        airports;
                            (iv) whether improvements need to be made 
                        to--
                                    (I) better track covered complaints 
                                received by airports; and
                                    (II) assist the resolution of 
                                covered complaints in a timely manner;
                            (v) whether changes to prime contractor 
                        specifications need to be made to ensure prompt 
                        payments to subcontractors; and,
                            (vi) whether changes to prime contractor 
                        specifications need to be made to ensure prompt 
                        payment of retainage to subcontractors.
                    (C) Reporting.--The Administrator shall make 
                available to the public on an appropriate website 
                operated by the Administrator a report describing the 
                results of the assessment completed under this 
                paragraph, including a plan to respond to such results.
            (3) Definitions.--In this subsection, the following 
        definitions apply:
                    (A) Covered complaint.--The term ``covered 
                complaint'' means a complaint relating to an alleged 
                failure to satisfy a prompt payment requirement under 
                part 26 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations.
                    (B) Program.--The term ``Program'' means the 
                airport disadvantaged business enterprise program 
                referenced in subsection (a)(1) of the FAA 
                Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 47113 
                note).

SEC. 158. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCRETIONARY FUNDS.

    Section 47115 of title 49, United States Code, is further amended 
by adding at the end the following:
    ``(j) Supplemental Discretionary Funds.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish a program 
        to provide grants, subject to the conditions of this 
        subsection, for any purpose for which amounts are made 
        available under section 48103 that the Secretary considers most 
        appropriate to carry out this subchapter.
            ``(2) Treatment of grants.--
                    ``(A) In general.--A grant made under this 
                subsection shall be treated as having been made 
                pursuant to the Secretary's authority under section 
                47104(a) and from the Secretary's discretionary fund 
                under subsection (a) of this section.
                    ``(B) Exception.--Except as otherwise provided in 
                this subsection, grants made under this subsection 
                shall not be subject to subsection (c), section 
                47117(e), or any other apportionment formula, special 
                apportionment category, or minimum percentage set forth 
                in this chapter.
            ``(3) Eligibility and prioritization.--
                    ``(A) Eligibility.--The Secretary may provide 
                grants under this subsection for an airport or terminal 
                development project at any airport that is eligible to 
                receive a grant from the discretionary fund under 
                subsection (a) of this section.
                    ``(B) Prioritization.--Not less than 50 percent of 
                the amounts available under this subsection shall used 
                to provide grants at--
                            ``(i) airports that are eligible for 
                        apportionment under section 47114(d)(3); and
                            ``(ii) nonhub and small hub airports.
            ``(4) Authorization.--
                    ``(A) In general.--There is authorized to be 
                appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this 
                subsection the following amounts:
                            ``(i) $1,020,000,000 for fiscal year 2019.
                            ``(ii) $1,041,000,000 for fiscal year 2020.
                            ``(iii) $1,064,000,000 for fiscal year 
                        2021.
                            ``(iv) $1,087,000,000 for fiscal year 2022.
                            ``(v) $1,110,000,000 for fiscal year 2023.
                    ``(B) Availability.--Sums authorized to be 
                appropriated under subparagraph (A) shall remain 
                available for 2 fiscal years.''.

SEC. 159. STATE TAXATION.

    (a) In General.--Section 40116(d)(2)(A) of title 49, United States 
Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
            ``(v) except as otherwise provided under section 47133, 
        levy or collect a tax, fee, or charge, first taking effect 
        after the date of enactment of this clause, upon any business 
        located at a commercial service airport or operating as a 
        permittee of such an airport that is not generally imposed on 
        sales or services by that State, political subdivision, or 
        authority unless wholly utilized for airport or aeronautical 
        purposes.''.
    (b) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section or an amendment 
made by this section shall affect a change to a rate or other provision 
of a tax, fee, or charge under section 40116 of title 49, United States 
Code, that was enacted prior to the date of enactment of this Act. Such 
provision of a tax, fee, or charge shall continue to be subject to the 
requirements to which such provision was subject under that section as 
in effect on the day before the date of enactment of this Act.

SEC. 160. AIRPORT INVESTMENT PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--Section 47134 of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended--
            (1) by striking the section heading and inserting ``Airport 
        investment partnership program'';
            (2) in subsection (b), by striking ``, with respect to not 
        more than 10 airports,'';
            (3) in subsection (b)(2), by striking ``The Secretary may 
        grant an exemption to a sponsor'' and inserting ``If the 
        Secretary grants an exemption to a sponsor pursuant to 
        paragraph (1), the Secretary shall grant an exemption to the 
        sponsor'';
            (4) in subsection (b)(3), by striking ``The Secretary may 
        grant an exemption to a purchaser or lessee'' and inserting 
        ``If the Secretary grants an exemption to a sponsor pursuant to 
        paragraph (1), the Secretary shall grant an exemption to the 
        corresponding purchaser or lessee'';
            (5) by amending subsection (d) to read as follows:
    ``(d) Program Participation.--
            ``(1) Multiple airports.--The Secretary may consider 
        applications under this section submitted by a public airport 
        sponsor for multiple airports under the control of the sponsor 
        if all airports under the control of the sponsor are located in 
        the same State.
            ``(2) Partial privatization.--A purchaser or lessee may be 
        an entity in which a sponsor has an interest.''; and
            (6) by striking subsections (l) and (m) and inserting the 
        following:
    ``(l) Predevelopment Limitation.--A grant to an airport sponsor 
under this subchapter for predevelopment planning costs relating to the 
preparation of an application or proposed application under this 
section may not exceed $750,000 per application or proposed 
application.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 471 of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended by striking the item relating to section 
47134 and inserting the following:

``47134. Airport investment partnership program.''.

SEC. 161. REMOTE TOWER PILOT PROGRAM FOR RURAL AND SMALL COMMUNITIES.

    (a) Pilot Program.--
            (1) Establishment.--The Administrator of the Federal 
        Aviation Administration shall establish--
                    (A) in consultation with airport operators and 
                other aviation stakeholders, a pilot program at public-
                use airports to construct and operate remote towers in 
                order to assess their operational benefits;
                    (B) a selection process for participation in the 
                pilot program; and
                    (C) a clear process for the safety and operational 
                certification of the remote towers.
            (2) Safety considerations.--
                    (A) Safety risk management panel.--Prior to the 
                operational use of a remote tower under the pilot 
                program established in subsection (a), the 
                Administrator shall convene a safety risk management 
                panel for the tower to address any safety issues with 
                respect to the tower. The panels shall be created and 
                utilized in a manner similar to that of the safety risk 
                management panels previously convened for remote towers 
                and shall take into account existing best practices and 
                operational data from existing remote towers in the 
                United States.
                    (B) Consultation.--In establishing the pilot 
                program, the Administrator shall consult with operators 
                of remote towers in the United States and foreign 
                countries to design the pilot program in a manner that 
                leverages as many safety and airspace efficiency 
                benefits as possible.
            (3) Applications.--The operator of an airport seeking to 
        participate in the pilot program shall submit to the 
        Administrator an application that is in such form and contains 
        such information as the Administrator may require.
            (4) Program design.--In designing the pilot program, the 
        Administrator shall--
                    (A) to the maximum extent practicable, ensure that 
                at least 2 different vendors of remote tower systems 
                participate;
                    (B) identify which air traffic control information 
                and data will assist the Administrator in evaluating 
                the feasibility, safety, costs, and benefits of remote 
                towers;
                    (C) implement processes necessary to collect the 
                information and data identified in subparagraph (B);
                    (D) develop criteria, in addition to considering 
                possible selection criteria in paragraph (5), for the 
                selection of airports that will best assist the 
                Administrator in evaluating the feasibility, safety, 
                costs, and benefits of remote towers, including the 
                amount and variety of air traffic at an airport; and
                    (E) prioritize the selection of airports that can 
                best demonstrate the capabilities and benefits of 
                remote towers, including applicants proposing to 
                operate multiple remote towers from a single facility.
            (5) Selection criteria for consideration.--In selecting 
        airports for participation in the pilot program, the 
        Administrator, after consultation with representatives of labor 
        organizations representing operators and employees of the air 
        traffic control system, shall consider for participation in the 
        pilot program--
                    (A) 1 nonhub airport;
                    (B) 3 airports that are not primary airports and 
                that do not have existing air traffic control towers;
                    (C) 1 airport that participates in the Contract 
                Tower Program; and
                    (D) 1 airport selected at the discretion of the 
                Administrator.
            (6) Data.--The Administrator shall clearly identify and 
        collect air traffic control information and data from 
        participating airports that will assist the Administrator in 
        evaluating the feasibility, safety, costs, and benefits of 
        remote towers.
            (7) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date the first 
        remote tower is operational, and annually thereafter, the 
        Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of 
        Congress a report--
                    (A) detailing any benefits, costs, or safety 
                improvements associated with the use of the remote 
                towers; and
                    (B) evaluating the feasibility of using remote 
                towers, particularly in the Contract Tower Program, for 
                airports without an air traffic control tower, to 
                improve safety at airports with towers, or to reduce 
                costs without impacting safety at airports with or 
                without existing towers.
            (8) Deadline.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall select airports 
        for participation in the pilot program.
            (9) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                    (A) Contract tower program.--The term ``Contract 
                Tower Program'' has the meaning given the term in 
                section 47124(e) of title 49, United States Code, as 
                added by this Act.
                    (B) Remote tower.--The term ``remote tower'' means 
                a remotely operated air navigation facility, including 
                all necessary system components, that provides the 
                functions and capabilities of an air traffic control 
                tower whereby air traffic services are provided to 
                operators at an airport from a location that may not be 
                on or near the airport.
                    (C) Other definitions.--The terms ``nonhub 
                airport'', ``primary airport'', and ``public-use 
                airport'' have the meanings given such terms in section 
                47102 of title 49, United States Code.
            (10) Sunset.--This subsection, including the report 
        required under paragraph (8), shall not be in effect after 
        September 30, 2023.
    (b) Remote Tower Program.--Concurrent with the establishment of the 
process for safety and operational certification of remote towers under 
subsection (a)(1)(C), the Administrator shall establish a process to 
authorize the construction and commissioning of additional remote 
towers that are certificated under subsection (a)(1)(C) at other 
airports.
    (c) AIP Funding Eligibility.--For purposes of the pilot program 
under subsection (a), and after certificated remote towers are 
available under subsection (b), constructing a remote tower or 
acquiring and installing air traffic control, communications, or 
related equipment specifically for a remote tower shall be considered 
airport development (as defined in section 47102 of title 49, United 
States Code) for purposes of subchapter I of chapter 471 of that title 
if the components are installed and used at the airport, except, as 
needed, for off-airport sensors installed on leased towers.

SEC. 162. AIRPORT ACCESS ROADS IN REMOTE LOCATIONS.

     Notwithstanding section 47102 of title 49, United States Code, for 
fiscal years 2018 through 2023--
            (1) the definition of the term ``airport development'' 
        under that section includes the construction of a storage 
        facility to shelter snow removal equipment or aircraft rescue 
        and firefighting equipment that is owned by an airport sponsor 
        and used exclusively to maintain safe airfield operations, up 
        to the facility size necessary to accommodate the types and 
        quantities of equipment prescribed by the FAA, regardless of 
        whether Federal funding was used to acquire the equipment;
            (2) a storage facility to shelter snow removal equipment 
        may exceed the facility size limitation described in paragraph 
        (1) if the airport sponsor certifies to the Secretary that the 
        following conditions are met:
                    (A) The storage facility to be constructed will be 
                used to store snow removal equipment exclusively used 
                for clearing airfield pavement of snow and ice 
                following a weather event.
                    (B) The airport is categorized as a local general 
                aviation airport in the Federal Aviation 
                Administration's 2017-2021 National Plan of Integrated 
                Airport Systems (NPIAS) report.
                    (C) The 30-year annual snowfall normal of the 
                nearest weather station based on the National Oceanic 
                and Atmospheric Administration Summary of Monthly 
                Normals 1981-2010 exceeds 26 inches.
                    (D) The airport serves as a base for a medical air 
                ambulance transport aircraft.
                    (E) The airport master record (Form 5010-1) 
                effective on September 14, 2017 for the airport 
                indicates 45 based aircraft consisting of single 
                engine, multiple engine, and jet engine aircraft.
                    (F) No funding under this section will be used for 
                any portion of the storage facility designed to shelter 
                maintenance and operations equipment that are not 
                required for clearing airfield pavement of snow and 
                ice.
                    (G) The airport sponsor will complete design of the 
                storage building not later than September 30, 2019, and 
                will initiate construction of the storage building not 
                later than September 30, 2020.
                    (H) The area of the storage facility, or portion 
                thereof, to be funded under this subsection does not 
                exceed 6,000 square feet; and
            (3) the definition of the term ``terminal development'' 
        under that section includes the development of an airport 
        access road that--
                    (A) is located in a noncontiguous State;
                    (B) is not more than 5 miles in length;
                    (C) connects to the nearest public roadways of not 
                more than the 2 closest census designated places; and
                    (D) may provide incidental access to public or 
                private property that is adjacent to the road and is 
                not otherwise connected to a public road.

SEC. 163. LIMITED REGULATION OF NON-FEDERALLY SPONSORED PROPERTY.

    (a) In General.--Except as provided in subsection (b), the 
Secretary of Transportation may not directly or indirectly regulate--
            (1) the acquisition, use, lease, encumbrance, transfer, or 
        disposal of land by an airport owner or operator;
            (2) any facility upon such land; or
            (3) any portion of such land or facility.
    (b) Exceptions.--Subsection (a) does not apply to--
            (1) any regulation ensuring--
                    (A) the safe and efficient operation of aircraft or 
                safety of people and property on the ground related to 
                aircraft operations;
                    (B) that an airport owner or operator receives not 
                less than fair market value in the context of a 
                commercial transaction for the use, lease, encumbrance, 
                transfer, or disposal of land, any facilities on such 
                land, or any portion of such land or facilities; or
                    (C) that the airport pays not more than fair market 
                value in the context of a commercial transaction for 
                the acquisition of land or facilities on such land;
            (2) any regulation imposed with respect to land or a 
        facility acquired or modified using Federal funding; or
            (3) any authority contained in--
                    (A) a Surplus Property Act instrument of transfer, 
                or
                    (B) section 40117 of title 49, United States Code.
    (c) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be 
construed to affect the applicability of sections 47107(b) or 47133 of 
title 49, United States Code, to revenues generated by the use, lease, 
encumbrance, transfer, or disposal of land under subsection (a), 
facilities upon such land, or any portion of such land or facilities.
    (d) Amendments to Airport Layout Plans.--Section 47107(a)(16) of 
title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by striking subparagraph (B) and inserting the 
        following:
                    ``(B) the Secretary will review and approve or 
                disapprove only those portions of the plan (or any 
                subsequent revision to the plan) that materially impact 
                the safe and efficient operation of aircraft at, to, or 
                from the airport or that would adversely affect the 
                safety of people or property on the ground adjacent to 
                the airport as a result of aircraft operations, or that 
                adversely affect the value of prior Federal investments 
                to a significant extent;'';
            (2) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``if the alteration'' 
        and all that follows through ``airport; and'' and inserting the 
        following: ``unless the alteration--
                            ``(i) is outside the scope of the 
                        Secretary's review and approval authority as 
                        set forth in subparagraph (B); or
                            ``(ii) complies with the portions of the 
                        plan approved by the Secretary; and''; and
            (3) in subparagraph (D), in the matter preceding clause 
        (i), by striking ``when an alternation'' and all that follows 
        through ``Secretary, will'' and inserting ``when an alteration 
        in the airport or its facility is made that is within the scope 
        of the Secretary's review and approval authority as set forth 
        in subparagraph (B), and does not conform with the portions of 
        the plan approved by the Secretary, and the Secretary decides 
        that the alteration adversely affects the safety, utility, or 
        efficiency of aircraft operations, or of any property on or off 
        the airport that is owned, leased, or financed by the 
        Government, then the owner or operator will, if requested by 
        the Secretary''.

SEC. 164. SEASONAL AIRPORTS.

    Section 47114(c)(1) of title 49, United States Code, as amended by 
this Act, is further amended by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(I) Seasonal airports.--Notwithstanding section 
                47102, if the Secretary determines that a commercial 
                service airport with at least 8,000 passenger boardings 
                receives scheduled air carrier service for fewer than 6 
                months in the calendar year used to calculate 
                apportionments to airport sponsors in a fiscal year, 
                then the Secretary shall consider the airport to be a 
                nonhub primary airport for purposes of this chapter.''.

SEC. 165. AMENDMENTS TO DEFINITIONS.

    Section 47102 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (3)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (K), by striking ``7505a) and 
                if such project will result in an airport receiving 
                appropriate'' and inserting ``7505a)) and if the 
                airport would be able to receive'';
                    (B) by striking subparagraph (L) and inserting the 
                following:
                    ``(L) a project by a commercial service airport for 
                the acquisition of airport-owned vehicles or ground 
                support equipment equipped with low-emission technology 
                if the airport is located in an air quality 
                nonattainment or maintenance area (as defined in 
                sections 171(2) and 175A of the Clean Air Act (42 
                U.S.C. 7501(2); 7505a)), if the airport would be able 
                to receive appropriate emission credits (as described 
                in section 47139), and the vehicles are;
                            ``(i) used exclusively on airport property; 
                        or
                            ``(ii) used exclusively to transport 
                        passengers and employees between the airport 
                        and the airport's consolidated rental car 
                        facility or an intermodal surface 
                        transportation facility adjacent to the 
                        airport.''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(P) an on-airport project to improve the 
                reliability and efficiency of the airport's power 
                supply and to prevent power disruptions to the 
                airfield, passenger terminal, and any other airport 
                facilities, including the acquisition and installation 
                of electrical generators, separation of the airport's 
                main power supply from its redundant power supply, and 
                the construction or modification of airport facilities 
                to install a microgrid (as defined in section 641 of 
                the United States Energy Storage Competitiveness Act of 
                2007 (42 U.S.C. 17231)).
                    ``(Q) converting or retrofitting vehicles and 
                ground support equipment into eligible zero-emission 
                vehicles and equipment (as defined in section 47136) 
                and for acquiring, by purchase or lease, eligible zero-
                emission vehicles and equipment.
                    ``(R) predevelopment planning, including financial, 
                legal, or procurement consulting services, related to 
                an application or proposed application for an exemption 
                under section 47134.'';
            (2) in paragraph (5), by striking ``regulations'' and 
        inserting ``requirements''; and
            (3) in paragraph (8), by striking ``public'' and inserting 
        ``public-use''.

SEC. 166. PILOT PROGRAM SUNSETS.

    (a) In General.--Sections 47136 and 47140 of title 49, United 
States Code, are repealed.
    (b) Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) Sections 47136a and 47140a of title 49, United States 
        Code, are redesignated as sections 47136 and 47140, 
        respectively.
            (2) Section 47139 of title 49, United States Code, is 
        amended--
                    (A) by striking subsection (c); and
                    (B) by redesignating subsection (d) as subsection 
                (c).
    (c) Clerical Amendments.--The analysis for chapter 471 of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by striking the items relating to sections 47136, 
        47136a, 47140, and 47140a;
            (2) by inserting after the item relating to section 47135 
        the following:

``47136. Zero-emission airport vehicles and infrastructure.''; and
            (3) by inserting after the item relating to section 47139 
        the following:

``47140. Increasing the energy efficiency of airport power sources.''.

SEC. 167. BUY AMERICA REQUIREMENTS.

    (a) Notice of Waivers.--If the Secretary of Transportation 
determines that it is necessary to waive the application of section 
50101(a) of title 49, United States Code, based on a finding under 
section 50101(b) of that title, the Secretary, at least 10 days before 
the date on which the waiver takes effect, shall--
            (1) make publicly available, in an easily identifiable 
        location on the website of the Department of Transportation, a 
        detailed written justification of the waiver determination; and
            (2) provide an informal public notice and comment 
        opportunity on the waiver determination.
    (b) Annual Report.--For each fiscal year, the Secretary shall 
submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on waivers 
issued under section 50101 of title 49, United States Code, during the 
fiscal year.

        Subtitle D--Airport Noise and Environmental Streamlining

SEC. 171. FUNDING ELIGIBILITY FOR AIRPORT ENERGY EFFICIENCY 
              ASSESSMENTS.

    (a) Cost Reimbursements.--Section 47140(a) of title 49, United 
States Code, as so redesignated, is amended by striking ``airport.'' 
and inserting ``airport, and to reimburse the airport sponsor for the 
costs incurred in conducting the assessment.''.
    (b) Safety Priority.--Section 47140(b)(2) of title 49, United 
States Code, as so redesignated, is amended by inserting ``, including 
a certification that no safety projects are being be deferred by 
requesting a grant under this section,'' after ``an application''.

SEC. 172. AUTHORIZATION OF CERTAIN FLIGHTS BY STAGE 2 AIRCRAFT.

    (a) In General.--Notwithstanding chapter 475 of title 49, United 
States Code, not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration 
shall initiate a pilot program to permit an operator of a stage 2 
aircraft to operate that aircraft in nonrevenue service into not more 
than 4 medium hub airports or nonhub airports if--
            (1) the airport--
                    (A) is certified under part 139 of title 14, Code 
                of Federal Regulations;
                    (B) has a runway that--
                            (i) is longer than 8,000 feet and not less 
                        than 200 feet wide; and
                            (ii) is load bearing with a pavement 
                        classification number of not less than 38; and
                    (C) has a maintenance facility with a maintenance 
                certificate issued under part 145 of such title; and
            (2) the operator of the stage 2 aircraft operates not more 
        than 10 flights per month using that aircraft.
    (b) Termination.--The pilot program shall terminate on the earlier 
of--
            (1) the date that is 10 years after the date of the 
        enactment of this Act; or
            (2) the date on which the Administrator determines that no 
        stage 2 aircraft remain in service.
    (c) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Medium hub airport; nonhub airport.--The terms ``medium 
        hub airport'' and ``nonhub airport'' have the meanings given 
        those terms in section 40102 of title 49, United States Code.
            (2) Stage 2 aircraft.--The term ``stage 2 aircraft'' has 
        the meaning given the term ``stage 2 airplane'' in section 
        91.851 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect 
        on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act).

SEC. 173. ALTERNATIVE AIRPLANE NOISE METRIC EVALUATION DEADLINE.

    Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall complete the 
ongoing evaluation of alternative metrics to the current Day Night 
Level (DNL) 65 standard.

SEC. 174. UPDATING AIRPORT NOISE EXPOSURE MAPS.

    Section 47503(b) of title 49, United States Code, is amended to 
read as follows:
    ``(b) Revised Maps.--
            ``(1) In general.--An airport operator that submits a noise 
        exposure map under subsection (a) shall submit a revised map to 
        the Secretary if, in an area surrounding an airport, a change 
        in the operation of the airport would establish a substantial 
        new noncompatible use, or would significantly reduce noise over 
        existing noncompatible uses, that is not reflected in either 
        the existing conditions map or forecast map currently on file 
        with the Federal Aviation Administration.
            ``(2) Timing.--A submission under paragraph (1) shall be 
        required only if the relevant change in the operation of the 
        airport occurs during--
                    ``(A) the forecast period of the applicable noise 
                exposure map submitted by an airport operator under 
                subsection (a); or
                    ``(B) the implementation period of the airport 
                operator's noise compatibility program.''.

SEC. 175. ADDRESSING COMMUNITY NOISE CONCERNS.

    When proposing a new area navigation departure procedure, or 
amending an existing procedure that would direct aircraft between the 
surface and 6,000 feet above ground level over noise sensitive areas, 
the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall consider 
the feasibility of dispersal headings or other lateral track variations 
to address community noise concerns, if--
            (1) the affected airport operator, in consultation with the 
        affected community, submits a request to the Administrator for 
        such a consideration;
            (2) the airport operator's request would not, in the 
        judgment of the Administrator, conflict with the safe and 
        efficient operation of the national airspace system; and
            (3) the effect of a modified departure procedure would not 
        significantly increase noise over noise sensitive areas, as 
        determined by the Administrator.

SEC. 176. COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT IN FAA NEXTGEN PROJECTS LOCATED IN 
              METROPLEXES.

    (a) Community Involvement Policy.--Not later than 180 days after 
the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal 
Aviation Administration shall complete a review of the Federal Aviation 
Administration's community involvement practices for Next Generation 
Air Transportation System (NextGen) projects located in metroplexes 
identified by the Administration. The review shall include, at a 
minimum, a determination of how and when to engage airports and 
communities in performance-based navigation proposals.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 60 days after completion of the review, 
the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of 
Congress a report on--
            (1) how the Administration will improve community 
        involvement practices for NextGen projects located in 
        metroplexes;
            (2) how and when the Administration will engage airports 
        and communities in performance-based navigation proposals; and
            (3) lessons learned from NextGen projects and pilot 
        programs and how those lessons learned are being integrated 
        into community involvement practices for future NextGen 
        projects located in metroplexes.

SEC. 177. LEAD EMISSIONS.

    (a) Study.--The Secretary of Transportation shall enter into 
appropriate arrangements with the National Academies of Sciences, 
Engineering, and Medicine under which the National Research Council 
will study aviation gasoline.
    (b) Contents.--The study shall include an assessment of--
            (1) existing non-leaded fuel alternatives to the aviation 
        gasoline used by piston-powered general aviation aircraft;
            (2) ambient lead concentrations at and around airports 
        where piston-powered general aviation aircraft are used; and
            (3) mitigation measures to reduce ambient lead 
        concentrations, including increasing the size of run-up areas, 
        relocating run-up areas, imposing restrictions on aircraft 
        using aviation gasoline, and increasing the use of motor 
        gasoline in piston-powered general aviation aircraft.
    (c) Report to Congress.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress the study developed by the National Research 
Council pursuant to this section.

SEC. 178. TERMINAL SEQUENCING AND SPACING.

    Not later than 60 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall provide a 
briefing to the appropriate committees of Congress on the status of 
Terminal Sequencing and Spacing (TSAS) implementation across all 
completed NextGen metroplexes with specific information provided by 
airline regarding the adoption and equipping of aircraft and the 
training of pilots in its use.

SEC. 179. AIRPORT NOISE MITIGATION AND SAFETY STUDY.

    (a) Study.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration 
shall initiate a study to review and evaluate existing studies and 
analyses of the relationship between jet aircraft approach and takeoff 
speeds and corresponding noise impacts on communities surrounding 
airports.
    (b) Considerations.--In conducting the study initiated under 
subsection (a), the Administrator shall determine--
            (1) whether a decrease in jet aircraft approach or takeoff 
        speeds results in significant aircraft noise reductions;
            (2) whether the jet aircraft approach or takeoff speed 
        reduction necessary to achieve significant noise reductions--
                    (A) jeopardizes aviation safety; or
                    (B) decreases the efficiency of the National 
                Airspace System, including lowering airport capacity, 
                increasing travel times, or increasing fuel burn;
            (3) the advisability of using jet aircraft approach or 
        takeoff speeds as a noise mitigation technique; and
            (4) if the Administrator determines that using jet aircraft 
        approach or takeoff speeds as a noise mitigation technique is 
        advisable, whether any of the metropolitan areas specifically 
        identified in section 189(b)(2) would benefit from such a noise 
        mitigation technique without a significant impact to aviation 
        safety or the efficiency of the National Airspace System.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees 
of Congress a report on the results of the study initiated under 
subsection (a).

SEC. 180. REGIONAL OMBUDSMEN.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, with respect to each region of the Federal Aviation 
Administration, the Regional Administrator for that region shall 
designate an individual to be the Regional Ombudsman for the region.
    (b) Requirements.--Each Regional Ombudsman shall--
            (1) serve as a regional liaison with the public, including 
        community groups, on issues regarding aircraft noise, 
        pollution, and safety;
            (2) make recommendations to the Administrator for the 
        region to address concerns raised by the public and improve the 
        consideration of public comments in decision-making processes; 
        and
            (3) be consulted on proposed changes in aircraft operations 
        affecting the region, including arrival and departure routes, 
        in order to minimize environmental impacts, including noise.

SEC. 181. FAA LEADERSHIP ON CIVIL SUPERSONIC AIRCRAFT.

    (a) In General.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
Administration shall exercise leadership in the creation of Federal and 
international policies, regulations, and standards relating to the 
certification and safe and efficient operation of civil supersonic 
aircraft.
    (b) Exercise of Leadership.--In carrying out subsection (a), the 
Administrator shall--
            (1) consider the needs of the aerospace industry and other 
        stakeholders when creating policies, regulations, and standards 
        that enable the safe commercial deployment of civil supersonic 
        aircraft technology and the safe and efficient operation of 
        civil supersonic aircraft; and
            (2) obtain the input of aerospace industry stakeholders 
        regarding--
                    (A) the appropriate regulatory framework and 
                timeline for permitting the safe and efficient 
                operation of civil supersonic aircraft within United 
                States airspace, including updating or modifying 
                existing regulations on such operation;
                    (B) issues related to standards and regulations for 
                the type certification and safe operation of civil 
                supersonic aircraft, including noise certification, 
                including--
                            (i) the operational differences between 
                        subsonic aircraft and supersonic aircraft;
                            (ii) costs and benefits associated with 
                        landing and takeoff noise requirements for 
                        civil supersonic aircraft, including impacts on 
                        aircraft emissions;
                            (iii) public and economic benefits of the 
                        operation of civil supersonic aircraft and 
                        associated aerospace industry activity; and
                            (iv) challenges relating to ensuring that 
                        standards and regulations aimed at relieving 
                        and protecting the public health and welfare 
                        from aircraft noise and sonic booms are 
                        economically reasonable, technologically 
                        practicable, and appropriate for civil 
                        supersonic aircraft; and
                    (C) other issues identified by the Administrator or 
                the aerospace industry that must be addressed to enable 
                the safe commercial deployment and safe and efficient 
                operation of civil supersonic aircraft.
    (c) International Leadership.--The Administrator, in the 
appropriate international forums, shall take actions that--
            (1) demonstrate global leadership under subsection (a);
            (2) address the needs of the aerospace industry identified 
        under subsection (b); and
            (3) protect the public health and welfare.
    (d) Report to Congress.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress a report detailing--
            (1) the Administrator's actions to exercise leadership in 
        the creation of Federal and international policies, 
        regulations, and standards relating to the certification and 
        safe and efficient operation of civil supersonic aircraft;
            (2) planned, proposed, and anticipated actions to update or 
        modify existing policies and regulations related to civil 
        supersonic aircraft, including those identified as a result of 
        industry consultation and feedback; and
            (3) a timeline for any actions to be taken to update or 
        modify existing policies and regulations related to civil 
        supersonic aircraft.
    (e) Long-term Regulatory Reform.--
            (1) Noise standards.--Not later than March 31, 2020, the 
        Administrator shall issue a notice of proposed rulemaking to 
        revise part 36 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, to 
        include supersonic aircraft in the applicability of such part. 
        The proposed rule shall include necessary definitions, noise 
        standards for landing and takeoff, and noise test requirements 
        that would apply to a civil supersonic aircraft.
            (2) Special flight authorizations.--Not later than December 
        31, 2019, the Administrator shall issue a notice of proposed 
        rulemaking to revise appendix B of part 91 of title 14, Code of 
        Federal Regulations, to modernize the application process for a 
        person applying to operate a civil aircraft at supersonic 
        speeds for the purposes stated in that rule.
    (f) Near-Term Certification of Supersonic Civil Aircraft.--
            (1) In general.--If a person submits an application 
        requesting type certification of a civil supersonic aircraft 
        pursuant to part 21 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, 
        before the Administrator promulgates a final rule amending part 
        36 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, in accordance with 
        subsection (e)(1), the Administrator shall, not later than 18 
        months after having received such application, issue a notice 
        of proposed rulemaking applicable solely for the type 
        certification, inclusive of the aircraft engines, of the 
        supersonic aircraft design for which such application was made.
            (2) Contents.--A notice of proposed rulemaking described in 
        paragraph (1) shall--
                    (A) address safe operation of the aircraft type, 
                including development and flight testing prior to type 
                certification;
                    (B) address manufacturing of the aircraft;
                    (C) address continuing airworthiness of the 
                aircraft;
                    (D) specify landing and takeoff noise standards for 
                that aircraft type that the Administrator considers 
                appropriate, practicable, and consistent with section 
                44715 of title 49, United States Code; and
                    (E) consider differences between subsonic and 
                supersonic aircraft including differences in thrust 
                requirements at equivalent gross weight, engine 
                requirements, aerodynamic characteristics, operational 
                characteristics, and other physical properties.
            (3) Noise and performance data.--The requirement of the 
        Administrator to issue a notice of proposed rulemaking under 
        paragraph (1) shall apply only if an application contains 
        sufficient aircraft noise and performance data as the 
        Administrator finds necessary to determine appropriate noise 
        standards and operating limitations for the aircraft type 
        consistent with section 44715 of title 49, United States Code.
            (4) Final rule.--Not later than 18 months after the end of 
        the public comment period provided in the notice of proposed 
        rulemaking required under paragraph (1), the Administrator 
        shall publish in the Federal Register a final rule applying 
        solely to the aircraft model submitted for type certification.
            (5) Review of rules of civil supersonic flights.--Beginning 
        December 31, 2020, and every 2 years thereafter, the 
        Administrator shall review available aircraft noise and 
        performance data, and consult with heads of appropriate Federal 
        agencies, to determine whether section 91.817 of title 14, Code 
        of Federal Regulations, and Appendix B of part 91 of title 14, 
        Code of Federal Regulations, may be amended, consistent with 
        section 44715 of title 49, United States Code, to permit 
        supersonic flight of civil aircraft over land in the United 
        States.
            (6) Implementation of noise standards.--The portion of the 
        regulation issued by the Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
        Administration titled ``Revision of General Operating and 
        Flight Rules'' and published in the Federal Register on August 
        18, 1989 (54 Fed. Reg. 34284) that restricts operation of civil 
        aircraft at a true flight Mach number greater than 1 shall have 
        no force or effect beginning on the date on which the 
        Administrator publishes in the Federal Register a final rule 
        specifying sonic boom noise standards for civil supersonic 
        aircraft.

SEC. 182. MANDATORY USE OF THE NEW YORK NORTH SHORE HELICOPTER ROUTE.

    (a) Public Comment Period.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
        Administration shall provide notice of, and an opportunity for, 
        at least 60 days of public comment with respect to the 
        regulations in subpart H of part 93 of title 14, Code of 
        Federal Regulations.
            (2) Timing.--The public comment period required under 
        paragraph (1) shall begin not later than 30 days after the date 
        of enactment of this Act.
    (b) Public Hearing.--Not later than 30 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall hold a public hearing in 
the communities impacted by the regulations described in subsection 
(a)(1) to solicit feedback with respect to the regulations.
    (c) Review.--Not later than 30 days after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator shall initiate a review of the regulations 
described in subsection (a)(1) that assesses the--
            (1) noise impacts of the regulations for communities, 
        including communities in locations where aircraft are 
        transitioning to or from a destination or point of landing;
            (2) enforcement of applicable flight standards, including 
        requirements for helicopters operating on the relevant route to 
        remain at or above 2,500 feet mean sea level; and
            (3) availability of alternative or supplemental routes to 
        reduce the noise impacts of the regulations, including the 
        institution of an all water route over the Atlantic Ocean.

SEC. 183. STATE STANDARDS FOR AIRPORT PAVEMENTS.

    Section 47105(c) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by inserting ``(1) In general.--'' before ``The 
        Secretary'' the first place it appears; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) Pavement standards.--
                    ``(A) Technical assistance.--At the request of a 
                State, the Secretary shall, not later than 30 days 
                after the date of the request, provide technical 
                assistance to the State in developing standards, 
                acceptable to the Secretary under subparagraph (B), for 
                pavement on nonprimary public-use airports in the 
                State.
                    ``(B) Requirements.--The Secretary shall--
                            ``(i) continue to provide technical 
                        assistance under subparagraph (A) until the 
                        standards are approved under paragraph (1); and
                            ``(ii) clearly indicate to the State the 
                        standards that are acceptable to the Secretary, 
                        considering, at a minimum, local conditions and 
                        locally available materials.''.

SEC. 184. ELIGIBILITY OF PILOT PROGRAM AIRPORTS.

    (a) Discretionary Fund.--Section 47115 of title 49, United States 
Code, is further amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(k) Partnership Program Airports.--
            ``(1) Authority.--The Secretary may make grants with funds 
        made available under this section for an airport participating 
        in the program under section 47134 if--
                    ``(A) the Secretary has approved the application of 
                an airport sponsor under section 47134(b) in fiscal 
                year 2019; and
                    ``(B) the grant will--
                            ``(i) satisfy an obligation incurred by an 
                        airport sponsor under section 47110(e) or 
                        funded by a nonpublic sponsor for an airport 
                        development project on the airport; or
                            ``(ii) provide partial Federal 
                        reimbursement for airport development (as 
                        defined in section 47102) on the airport layout 
                        plan initiated in the fiscal year in which the 
                        application was approved, or later, for over a 
                        period of not more than 10 years.
            ``(2) Nonapplicability of certain sections.--Grants made 
        under this subsection shall not be subject to--
                    ``(A) subsection (c) of this section;
                    ``(B) section 47117(e); or
                    ``(C) any other apportionment formula, special 
                apportionment category, or minimum percentage set forth 
                in this chapter.''.
    (b) Allowable Project Costs; Letters of Intent.--Section 47110(e) 
of such title is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(7) Partnership Program Airports.--The Secretary may issue a 
letter of intent under this section to an airport sponsor with an 
approved application under section 47134(b) if--
            ``(A) the application was approved in fiscal year 2019; and
            ``(B) the project meets all other requirements set forth in 
        this chapter.''.

SEC. 185. GRANDFATHERING OF CERTAIN DEED AGREEMENTS GRANTING THROUGH-
              THE-FENCE ACCESS TO GENERAL AVIATION AIRPORTS.

    Section 47107(s) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by 
adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) Exemption.--The terms and conditions of paragraph (2) 
        shall not apply to an agreement described in paragraph (1) made 
        before the enactment of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 
        2012 (Public Law 112-95) that the Secretary determines does not 
        comply with such terms and conditions but involves property 
        that is subject to deed or lease restrictions that are 
        considered perpetual and that cannot readily be brought into 
        compliance. However, if the Secretary determines that the 
        airport sponsor and residential property owners are able to 
        make any modification to such an agreement on or after the date 
        of enactment of this paragraph, the exemption provided by this 
        paragraph shall no longer apply.''.

SEC. 186. STAGE 3 AIRCRAFT STUDY.

    (a) Study.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall initiate a 
review of the potential benefits, costs, and other impacts that would 
result from a phaseout of covered stage 3 aircraft.
    (b) Contents.--The review shall include--
            (1) a determination of the number, types, frequency of 
        operations, and owners and operators of covered stage 3 
        aircraft;
            (2) an analysis of the potential benefits, costs, and other 
        impacts to air carriers, general aviation operators, airports, 
        communities surrounding airports, and the general public 
        associated with phasing out or reducing the operations of 
        covered stage 3 aircraft, assuming such a phaseout or reduction 
        is put into effect over a reasonable period of time;
            (3) a determination of lessons learned from the phaseout of 
        stage 2 aircraft that might be applicable to a phaseout or 
        reduction in the operations of covered stage 3 aircraft, 
        including comparisons between the benefits, costs, and other 
        impacts associated with the phaseout of stage 2 aircraft and 
        the potential benefits, costs, and other impacts determined 
        under paragraph (2);
            (4) a determination of the costs and logistical challenges 
        associated with recertifying stage 3 aircraft capable of 
        meeting stage 4 noise levels; and
            (5) a determination of stakeholder views on the feasibility 
        and desirability of phasing out covered stage 3 aircraft, 
        including the views of--
                    (A) air carriers;
                    (B) airports;
                    (C) communities surrounding airports;
                    (D) aircraft and avionics manufacturers;
                    (E) operators of covered stage 3 aircraft other 
                than air carriers; and
                    (F) such other stakeholders and aviation experts as 
                the Comptroller General considers appropriate.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a report on the results of the review.
    (d) Covered Stage 3 Aircraft Defined.--In this section, the term 
``covered stage 3 aircraft'' means a civil subsonic jet aircraft that 
is not capable of meeting the stage 4 noise levels in part 36 of title 
14, Code of Federal Regulations.

SEC. 187. AIRCRAFT NOISE EXPOSURE.

    (a) Review.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
Administration shall conclude the Administrator's ongoing review of the 
relationship between aircraft noise exposure and its effects on 
communities around airports.
    (b) Report.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to 
        Congress a report containing the results of the review.
            (2) Preliminary recommendations.--The report shall contain 
        such preliminary recommendations as the Administrator 
        determines appropriate for revising the land use compatibility 
        guidelines in part 150 of title 14, Code of Federal 
        Regulations, based on the results of the review and in 
        coordination with other agencies.

SEC. 188. STUDY REGARDING DAY-NIGHT AVERAGE SOUND LEVELS.

    (a) Study.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
Administration shall evaluate alternative metrics to the current 
average day-night level standard, such as the use of actual noise 
sampling and other methods, to address community airplane noise 
concerns.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees 
of Congress a report on the results of the study under subsection (a).

SEC. 189. STUDY ON POTENTIAL HEALTH AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF OVERFLIGHT 
              NOISE.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
Administration shall enter into an agreement with an eligible 
institution of higher education to conduct a study on the health 
impacts of noise from aircraft flights on residents exposed to a range 
of noise levels from such flights.
    (b) Scope of Study.--The study conducted under subsection (a) 
shall--
            (1) include an examination of the incremental health 
        impacts attributable to noise exposure that result from 
        aircraft flights, including sleep disturbance and elevated 
        blood pressure;
            (2) be focused on residents in the metropolitan area of--
                    (A) Boston;
                    (B) Chicago;
                    (C) the District of Columbia;
                    (D) New York;
                    (E) the Northern California Metroplex;
                    (F) Phoenix;
                    (G) the Southern California Metroplex;
                    (H) Seattle; or
                    (I) such other area as may be identified by the 
                Administrator;
            (3) consider, in particular, the incremental health impacts 
        on residents living partly or wholly underneath flight paths 
        most frequently used by aircraft flying at an altitude lower 
        than 10,000 feet, including during takeoff or landing;
            (4) include an assessment of the relationship between a 
        perceived increase in aircraft noise, including as a result of 
        a change in flight paths that increases the visibility of 
        aircraft from a certain location, and an actual increase in 
        aircraft noise, particularly in areas with high or variable 
        levels of nonaircraft-related ambient noise; and
            (5) consider the economic harm or benefits to businesses 
        located party or wholly underneath flight paths most frequently 
        used by aircraft flying at an altitude lower than 10,000 feet, 
        including during takeoff or landing.
    (c) Eligibility.--An institution of higher education is eligible to 
conduct the study if the institution--
            (1) has--
                    (A) a school of public health that has participated 
                in the Center of Excellence for Aircraft Noise and 
                Aviation Emissions Mitigation of the Federal Aviation 
                Administration; or
                    (B) a center for environmental health that receives 
                funding from the National Institute of Environmental 
                Health Sciences;
            (2) is located in one of the areas identified in subsection 
        (b);
            (3) applies to the Administrator in a timely fashion;
            (4) demonstrates to the satisfaction of the Administrator 
        that the institution is qualified to conduct the study;
            (5) agrees to submit to the Administrator, not later than 3 
        years after entering into an agreement under subsection (a), 
        the results of the study, including any source materials used; 
        and
            (6) meets such other requirements as the Administrator 
        determines necessary.
    (d) Submission of Study.--Not later than 90 days after the 
Administrator receives the results of the study, the Administrator 
shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress the study and a 
summary of the results.

SEC. 190. ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION PILOT PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary of Transportation may carry out a 
pilot program involving not more than 6 projects at public-use airports 
in accordance with this section.
    (b) Grants.--In carrying out the program, the Secretary may make 
grants to sponsors of public-use airports from funds apportioned under 
section 47117(e)(1)(A) of title 49, United States Code.
    (c) Use of Funds.--Amounts from a grant received by the sponsor of 
a public-use airport under the program shall be used for environmental 
mitigation projects that will measurably reduce or mitigate aviation 
impacts on noise, air quality, or water quality at the airport or 
within 5 miles of the airport.
    (d) Eligibility.--Notwithstanding any other provision of chapter 
471 of title 49, United States Code, an environmental mitigation 
project approved under this section shall be treated as eligible for 
assistance under that chapter.
    (e) Selection Criteria.--In selecting from among applicants for 
participation in the program, the Secretary may give priority 
consideration to projects that--
            (1) will achieve the greatest reductions in aircraft noise, 
        airport emissions, or airport water quality impacts either on 
        an absolute basis or on a per dollar of funds expended basis; 
        and
            (2) will be implemented by an eligible consortium.
    (f) Federal Share.--The Federal share of the cost of a project 
carried out under the program shall be 50 percent.
    (g) Maximum Amount.--Not more than $2,500,000 may be made available 
by the Secretary in grants under the program for any single project.
    (h) Identifying Best Practices.--The Secretary may establish and 
publish information identifying best practices for reducing or 
mitigating aviation impacts on noise, air quality, and water quality at 
airports or in the vicinity of airports based on the projects carried 
out under the program.
    (i) Sunset.--The program shall terminate 5 years after the 
Secretary makes the first grant under the program.
    (j) Definitions.--In this section, the following definitions apply:
            (1) Eligible consortium.--The term ``eligible consortium'' 
        means a consortium that is composed of 2 or more of the 
        following entities:
                    (A) Businesses incorporated in the United States.
                    (B) Public or private educational or research 
                organizations located in the United States.
                    (C) Entities of State or local governments in the 
                United States.
                    (D) Federal laboratories.
            (2) Environmental mitigation project.--The term 
        ``environmental mitigation project'' means a project that--
                    (A) introduces new environmental mitigation 
                techniques or technologies that have been proven in 
                laboratory demonstrations;
                    (B) proposes methods for efficient adaptation or 
                integration of new concepts into airport operations; 
                and
                    (C) will demonstrate whether new techniques or 
                technologies for environmental mitigation are--
                            (i) practical to implement at or near 
                        multiple public-use airports; and
                            (ii) capable of reducing noise, airport 
                        emissions, or water quality impacts in 
                        measurably significant amounts.
    (k) Authorization for the Transfer of Funds From Department of 
Defense.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
        Administration may accept funds from the Secretary of Defense 
        to increase the authorized funding for this section by the 
        amount of such transfer only to carry out projects designed for 
        environmental mitigation at a site previously, but not 
        currently, managed by the Department of Defense.
            (2) Additional grantees.--If additional funds are made 
        available by the Secretary of Defense under paragraph (1), the 
        Administrator may increase the number of grantees under 
        subsection (a).

SEC. 191. EXTENDING AVIATION DEVELOPMENT STREAMLINING.

    (a) In General.--Section 47171 of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), in the matter preceding paragraph 
        (1), by inserting ``general aviation airport construction or 
        improvement projects,'' after ``congested airports,'';
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph 
                (3); and
                    (B) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
            ``(2) General aviation airport construction or improvement 
        project.--A general aviation airport construction or 
        improvement project shall be subject to the coordinated and 
        expedited environmental review process requirements set forth 
        in this section.'';
            (3) in subsection (c)(1), by striking ``subsection (b)(2)'' 
        and inserting ``subsection (b)(3)'';
            (4) in subsection (d), by striking ``subsection (b)(2)'' 
        and inserting ``subsection (b)(3)'';
            (5) in subsection (h), by striking ``subsection (b)(2)'' 
        and inserting ``subsection (b)(3)''; and
            (6) in subsection (k), by striking ``subsection (b)(2)'' 
        and inserting ``subsection (b)(3)''.
    (b) Definitions.--Section 47175 of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
            ``(8) General aviation airport construction or improvement 
        project.--The term `general aviation airport construction or 
        improvement project' means--
                    ``(A) a project for the construction or extension 
                of a runway, including any land acquisition, helipad, 
                taxiway, safety area, apron, or navigational aids 
                associated with the runway or runway extension, at a 
                general aviation airport, a reliever airport, or a 
                commercial service airport that is not a primary 
                airport (as such terms are defined in section 47102); 
                and
                    ``(B) any other airport development project that 
                the Secretary designates as facilitating aviation 
                capacity building projects at a general aviation 
                airport.''.

SEC. 192. ZERO-EMISSION VEHICLES AND TECHNOLOGY.

    (a) In General.--Section 47136 of title 49, United States Code, as 
so redesignated, is amended--
            (1) by striking subsections (a) and (b) and inserting the 
        following:
    ``(a) In General.--The Secretary of Transportation may establish a 
pilot program under which the sponsors of public-use airports may use 
funds made available under this chapter or section 48103 for use at 
such airports to carry out--
            ``(1) activities associated with the acquisition, by 
        purchase or lease, and operation of eligible zero-emission 
        vehicles and equipment, including removable power sources for 
        such vehicles; and
            ``(2) the construction or modification of infrastructure to 
        facilitate the delivery of fuel, power or services necessary 
        for the use of such vehicles.
    ``(b) Eligibility.--A public-use airport is eligible for 
participation in the program if the eligible vehicles or equipment 
are--
            ``(1) used exclusively on airport property; or
            ``(2) used exclusively to transport passengers and 
        employees between the airport and--
                    ``(A) nearby facilities which are owned or 
                controlled by the airport or which otherwise directly 
                support the functions or services provided by the 
                airport; or
                    ``(B) an intermodal surface transportation facility 
                adjacent to the airport.'';
            (2) by striking subsections (d) through (f) and inserting 
        the following:
    ``(d) Federal Share.--The Federal share of the cost of a project 
carried out under the program shall be the Federal share specified in 
section 47109.
    ``(e) Technical Assistance.--
            ``(1) In general.--The sponsor of a public-use airport may 
        use not more than 10 percent of the amounts made available to 
        the sponsor under the program in any fiscal year for--
                    ``(A) technical assistance; and
                    ``(B) project management support to assist the 
                airport with the solicitation, acquisition, and 
                deployment of zero-emission vehicles, related 
                equipment, and supporting infrastructure.
            ``(2) Providers of technical assistance.--To receive the 
        technical assistance or project management support described in 
        paragraph (1), participants in the program may use--
                    ``(A) a nonprofit organization selected by the 
                Secretary; or
                    ``(B) a university transportation center receiving 
                grants under section 5505 in the region of the airport.
    ``(f) Materials Identifying Best Practices.--The Secretary may 
create and make available materials identifying best practices for 
carrying out activities funded under the program based on previous 
related projects and other sources.
    ``(g) Allowable Project Cost.--The allowable project cost for the 
acquisition of a zero-emission vehicle shall be the total cost of 
purchasing or leasing the vehicle, including the cost of technical 
assistance or project management support described in subsection (e).
    ``(h) Flexible Procurement.--A sponsor of a public-use airport may 
use funds made available under the program to acquire, by purchase or 
lease, a zero-emission vehicle and a removable power source in separate 
transactions, including transactions by which the airport purchases the 
vehicle and leases the removable power source.
    ``(i) Testing Required.--
            ``(1) In general.--A sponsor of a public-use airport may 
        not use funds made available under the program to acquire a 
        zero-emission vehicle unless that make, model, or type of 
        vehicle has been tested by a Federal vehicle testing facility 
        acceptable to the Secretary.
            ``(2) Penalties for false statements.--A certification of 
        compliance under paragraph (1) shall be considered a 
        certification required under this subchapter for purposes of 
        section 47126.
    ``(j) Definitions.--In this section, the following definitions 
apply:
            ``(1) Eligible zero-emission vehicle and equipment.--The 
        term `eligible zero-emission vehicle and equipment' means a 
        zero-emission vehicle, equipment related to such a vehicle, or 
        ground support equipment that includes zero-emission technology 
        that is--
                    ``(A) used exclusively on airport property; or
                    ``(B) used exclusively to transport passengers and 
                employees between the airport and--
                            ``(i) nearby facilities which are owned or 
                        controlled by the airport or which otherwise 
                        directly support the functions or services 
                        provided by the airport; or
                            ``(ii) an intermodal surface transportation 
                        facility adjacent to the airport.
            ``(2) Removable power source.--The term `removable power 
        source' means a power source that is separately installed in, 
        and removable from, a zero-emission vehicle and may include a 
        battery, a fuel cell, an ultra-capacitor, or other power source 
        used in a zero-emission vehicle.
            ``(3) Zero-emission vehicle.--The term `zero-emission 
        vehicle' means--
                    ``(A) a zero-emission vehicle as defined in section 
                88.102-94 of title 40, Code of Federal Regulations; or
                    ``(B) a vehicle that produces zero exhaust 
                emissions of any criteria pollutant (or precursor 
                pollutant) under any possible operational modes and 
                conditions.''.
    (b) Special Apportionment Categories.--Section 47117(e)(1)(A) of 
title 49, United States Code, is amended by inserting ``for airport 
development described in section 47102(3)(Q),'' after ``under section 
47141,''.
    (c) Deployment of Zero Emission Vehicle Technology.--
            (1) Establishment.--The Secretary of Transportation may 
        establish a zero-emission airport technology program--
                    (A) to facilitate the deployment of commercially 
                viable zero-emission airport vehicles, technology, and 
                related infrastructure; and
                    (B) to minimize the risk of deploying such 
                vehicles, technology, and infrastructure.
            (2) General authority.--
                    (A) Assistance to nonprofit organizations.--The 
                Secretary may provide assistance under the program to 
                not more than 3 geographically diverse, eligible 
                organizations to conduct zero-emission airport 
                technology and infrastructure projects.
                    (B) Forms of assistance.--The Secretary may provide 
                assistance under the program in the form of grants, 
                contracts, and cooperative agreements.
            (3) Selection of participants.--
                    (A) National solicitation.--In selecting 
                participants, the Secretary shall--
                            (i) conduct a national solicitation for 
                        applications for assistance under the program; 
                        and
                            (ii) select the recipients of assistance 
                        under the program on a competitive basis.
                    (B) Considerations.--In selecting from among 
                applicants for assistance under the program, the 
                Secretary shall consider--
                            (i) the ability of an applicant to 
                        contribute significantly to deploying zero-
                        emission technology as the technology relates 
                        to airport operations;
                            (ii) the financing plan and cost-share 
                        potential of the applicant; and
                            (iii) other factors, as the Secretary 
                        determines appropriate.
                    (C) Priority.--ln selecting from among applicants 
                for assistance under the program, the Secretary shall 
                give priority consideration to an applicant that has 
                successfully managed advanced transportation technology 
                projects, including projects related to zero-emission 
                transportation operations.
            (4) Eligible projects.--A recipient of assistance under the 
        program shall use the assistance--
                    (A) to review and conduct demonstrations of zero-
                emission technologies and related infrastructure at 
                airports;
                    (B) to evaluate the credibility of new, unproven 
                vehicle and energy-efficient technologies in various 
                aspects of airport operations prior to widespread 
                investment in the technologies by airports and the 
                aviation industry;
                    (C) to collect data and make the recipient's 
                findings available to airports, so that airports can 
                evaluate the applicability of new technologies to their 
                facilities; and
                    (D) to report the recipient's findings to the 
                Secretary.
            (5) Administrative provisions.--
                    (A) Federal share.--The Federal share of the cost 
                of a project carried out under the program may not 
                exceed 80 percent.
                    (B) Terms and conditions.--A grant, contract, or 
                cooperative agreement under this section shall be 
                subject to such terms and conditions as the Secretary 
                determines appropriate.
            (6) Definitions.--In this subsection, the following 
        definitions apply:
                    (A) Eligible organization.--The term ``eligible 
                organization'' means an organization that has expertise 
                in zero-emission technology.
                    (B) Organization.--The term ``organization'' 
                means--
                            (i) described in section 501(c)(3) of the 
                        Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from 
                        tax under section 501(a) of the Internal 
                        Revenue Code of 1986;
                            (ii) a university transportation center 
                        receiving grants under section 5505 of title 
                        49, United States Code; or
                            (iii) any other Federal or non-Federal 
                        entity as the Secretary considers appropriate.

               TITLE II--FAA SAFETY CERTIFICATION REFORM

                     Subtitle A--General Provisions

SEC. 201. DEFINITIONS.

    In this title, the following definitions apply:
            (1) Administrator.--The term ``Administrator'' means the 
        Administrator of the FAA.
            (2) Advisory committee.--The term ``Advisory Committee'' 
        means the Safety Oversight and Certification Advisory Committee 
        established under section 202.
            (3) FAA.--The term ``FAA'' means the Federal Aviation 
        Administration.
            (4) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary 
        of Transportation.
            (5) Systems safety approach.--The term ``systems safety 
        approach'' means the application of specialized technical and 
        managerial skills to the systematic, forward-looking 
        identification and control of hazards throughout the lifecycle 
        of a project, program, or activity.

SEC. 202. SAFETY OVERSIGHT AND CERTIFICATION ADVISORY COMMITTEE.

    (a) Establishment.--Not later than 60 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall establish a Safety Oversight 
and Certification Advisory Committee.
    (b) Duties.--The Advisory Committee shall provide advice to the 
Secretary on policy-level issues facing the aviation community that are 
related to FAA safety oversight and certification programs and 
activities, including, at a minimum, the following:
            (1) Aircraft and flight standards certification processes, 
        including efforts to streamline those processes.
            (2) Implementation and oversight of safety management 
        systems.
            (3) Risk-based oversight efforts.
            (4) Utilization of delegation and designation authorities, 
        including organization designation authorization.
            (5) Regulatory interpretation standardization efforts.
            (6) Training programs.
            (7) Expediting the rulemaking process and giving priority 
        to rules related to safety.
            (8) Enhancing global competitiveness of United States 
        manufactured and United States certificated aerospace and 
        aviation products and services throughout the world.
    (c) Functions.--In carrying out its duties under subsection (b), 
the Advisory Committee shall:
            (1) Foster industry collaboration in an open and 
        transparent manner.
            (2) Consult with, and ensure participation by--
                    (A) the private sector, including representatives 
                of--
                            (i) general aviation;
                            (ii) commercial aviation;
                            (iii) aviation labor;
                            (iv) aviation maintenance, repair, and 
                        overhaul;
                            (v) aviation, aerospace, and avionics 
                        manufacturing;
                            (vi) unmanned aircraft systems operators 
                        and manufacturers; and
                            (vii) the commercial space transportation 
                        industry;
                    (B) members of the public; and
                    (C) other interested parties.
            (3) Recommend consensus national goals, strategic 
        objectives, and priorities for the most efficient, streamlined, 
        and cost-effective certification and safety oversight processes 
        in order to maintain the safety of the aviation system and, at 
        the same time, allow the FAA to meet future needs and ensure 
        that aviation stakeholders remain competitive in the global 
        marketplace.
            (4) Provide policy guidance recommendations for the FAA's 
        certification and safety oversight efforts.
            (5) On a regular basis, review and provide recommendations 
        on the FAA's certification and safety oversight efforts.
            (6) Periodically review and evaluate registration, 
        certification, and related fees.
            (7) Provide appropriate legislative, regulatory, and 
        guidance recommendations for the air transportation system and 
        the aviation safety regulatory environment.
            (8) Recommend performance objectives for the FAA and 
        industry.
            (9) Recommend performance metrics and goals to track and 
        review the FAA and the regulated aviation industry on their 
        progress towards streamlining certification reform, conducting 
        flight standards reform, and carrying out regulation 
        consistency efforts.
            (10) Provide a venue for tracking progress toward national 
        goals and sustaining joint commitments.
            (11) Recommend recruiting, hiring, training, and continuing 
        education objectives for FAA aviation safety engineers and 
        aviation safety inspectors.
            (12) Provide advice and recommendations to the FAA on how 
        to prioritize safety rulemaking projects.
            (13) Improve the development of FAA regulations by 
        providing information, advice, and recommendations related to 
        aviation issues.
            (14) Facilitate the validation and acceptance of United 
        States manufactured and United States certificated products and 
        services throughout the world.
    (d) Membership.--
            (1) In general.--The Advisory Committee shall be composed 
        of the following members:
                    (A) The Administrator (or the Administrator's 
                designee).
                    (B) At least 11 individuals, appointed by the 
                Secretary, each of whom represents at least 1 of the 
                following interests:
                            (i) Transport aircraft and engine 
                        manufacturers.
                            (ii) General aviation aircraft and engine 
                        manufacturers.
                            (iii) Avionics and equipment manufacturers.
                            (iv) Aviation labor organizations, 
                        including collective bargaining representatives 
                        of FAA aviation safety inspectors and aviation 
                        safety engineers.
                            (v) General aviation operators.
                            (vi) Air carriers.
                            (vii) Business aviation operators.
                            (viii) Unmanned aircraft systems 
                        manufacturers and operators.
                            (ix) Aviation safety management experts.
                            (x) Aviation maintenance, repair, and 
                        overhaul.
                            (xi) Airport owners and operators.
            (2) Nonvoting members.--
                    (A) In general.--In addition to the members 
                appointed under paragraph (1), the Advisory Committee 
                shall be composed of nonvoting members appointed by the 
                Secretary from among individuals representing FAA 
                safety oversight program offices.
                    (B) Duties.--The nonvoting members may--
                            (i) take part in deliberations of the 
                        Advisory Committee; and
                            (ii) provide input with respect to any 
                        final reports or recommendations of the 
                        Advisory Committee.
                    (C) Limitation.--The nonvoting members may not 
                represent any stakeholder interest other than that of 
                an FAA safety oversight program office.
            (3) Terms.--Each voting member and nonvoting member of the 
        Advisory Committee appointed by the Secretary shall be 
        appointed for a term of 2 years.
            (4) Committee characteristics.--The Advisory Committee 
        shall have the following characteristics:
                    (A) Each voting member under paragraph (1)(B) shall 
                be an executive officer of the organization who has 
                decisionmaking authority within the member's 
                organization and can represent and enter into 
                commitments on behalf of such organization.
                    (B) The ability to obtain necessary information 
                from experts in the aviation and aerospace communities.
                    (C) A membership size that enables the Advisory 
                Committee to have substantive discussions and reach 
                consensus on issues in a timely manner.
                    (D) Appropriate expertise, including expertise in 
                certification and risked-based safety oversight 
                processes, operations, policy, technology, labor 
                relations, training, and finance.
            (5) Limitation on statutory construction.--Public Law 104-
        65 (2 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.) may not be construed to prohibit or 
        otherwise limit the appointment of any individual as a member 
        of the Advisory Committee.
    (e) Chairperson.--
            (1) In general.--The Chairperson of the Advisory Committee 
        shall be appointed by the Secretary from among those members of 
        the Advisory Committee that are voting members under subsection 
        (d)(1)(B).
            (2) Term.--Each member appointed under paragraph (1) shall 
        serve a term of 2 years as Chairperson.
    (f) Meetings.--
            (1) Frequency.--The Advisory Committee shall meet at least 
        twice each year at the call of the Chairperson.
            (2) Public attendance.--The meetings of the Advisory 
        Committee shall be open and accessible to the public.
    (g) Special Committees.--
            (1) Establishment.--The Advisory Committee may establish 
        special committees composed of private sector representatives, 
        members of the public, labor representatives, and other 
        relevant parties in complying with consultation and 
        participation requirements under this section.
            (2) Rulemaking advice.--A special committee established by 
        the Advisory Committee may--
                    (A) provide rulemaking advice and recommendations 
                to the Advisory Committee with respect to aviation-
                related issues;
                    (B) provide the FAA additional opportunities to 
                obtain firsthand information and insight from those 
                parties that are most affected by existing and proposed 
                regulations; and
                    (C) assist in expediting the development, revision, 
                or elimination of rules without circumventing public 
                rulemaking processes and procedures.
            (3) Applicable law.--Public Law 92-463 shall not apply to a 
        special committee established by the Advisory Committee.
    (h) Sunset.--The Advisory Committee shall terminate on the last day 
of the 6-year period beginning on the date of the initial appointment 
of the members of the Advisory Committee.
    (i) Termination of Air Traffic Procedures Advisory Committee.--The 
Air Traffic Procedures Advisory Committee established by the FAA shall 
terminate on the date of the initial appointment of the members of the 
Advisory Committee.

               Subtitle B--Aircraft Certification Reform

SEC. 211. AIRCRAFT CERTIFICATION PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES AND METRICS.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 120 days after the date on which 
the Advisory Committee is established under section 202, the 
Administrator shall establish performance objectives and apply and 
track performance metrics for the FAA and the aviation industry 
relating to aircraft certification in accordance with this section.
    (b) Collaboration.--The Administrator shall carry out this section 
in collaboration with the Advisory Committee and update agency 
performance objectives and metrics after considering the 
recommendations of the Advisory Committee under paragraphs (8) and (9) 
of section 202(c).
    (c) Performance Objectives.--In carrying out subsection (a), the 
Administrator shall establish performance objectives for the FAA and 
the aviation industry to ensure that, with respect to aircraft 
certification, progress is made toward, at a minimum--
            (1) eliminating certification delays and improving cycle 
        times;
            (2) increasing accountability for both the FAA and the 
        aviation industry;
            (3) achieving full utilization of FAA delegation and 
        designation authorities, including organizational designation 
        authorization;
            (4) fully implementing risk management principles and a 
        systems safety approach;
            (5) reducing duplication of effort;
            (6) increasing transparency;
            (7) developing and providing training, including recurrent 
        training, in auditing and a systems safety approach to 
        certification oversight;
            (8) improving the process for approving or accepting 
        certification actions between the FAA and bilateral partners;
            (9) maintaining and improving safety;
            (10) streamlining the hiring process for--
                    (A) qualified systems safety engineers to support 
                the FAA's efforts to implement a systems safety 
                approach; and
                    (B) qualified systems engineers to guide the 
                engineering of complex systems within the FAA; and
            (11) maintaining the leadership of the United States in 
        international aviation and aerospace.
    (d) Performance Metrics.--In carrying out subsection (a), the 
Administrator shall apply and track performance metrics for the FAA and 
the regulated aviation industry established by the Advisory Committee.
    (e) Data Generation.--
            (1) Baselines.--Not later than 1 year after the date on 
        which the Advisory Committee recommends initial performance 
        metrics for the FAA and the regulated aviation industry under 
        section 202, the Administrator shall generate initial data with 
        respect to each of the performance metrics applied and tracked 
        under this section.
            (2) Benchmarks to measure progress toward goals.--The 
        Administrator shall use the metrics applied and tracked under 
        this section to generate data on an ongoing basis and to 
        measure progress toward the achievement of national goals 
        recommended by the Advisory Committee.
    (f) Publication.--The Administrator shall make data generated using 
the performance metrics applied and tracked under this section 
available to the public in a searchable, sortable, and downloadable 
format through the internet website of the FAA or other appropriate 
methods and shall ensure that the data are made available in a manner 
that--
            (1) does not provide identifying information regarding an 
        individual or entity; and
            (2) prevents inappropriate disclosure of proprietary 
        information.

SEC. 212. ORGANIZATION DESIGNATION AUTHORIZATIONS.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 447 of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 44736. Organization designation authorizations
    ``(a) Delegations of Functions.--
            ``(1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (3), 
        when overseeing an ODA holder, the Administrator of the FAA 
        shall--
                    ``(A) require, based on an application submitted by 
                the ODA holder and approved by the Administrator (or 
                the Administrator's designee), a procedures manual that 
                addresses all procedures and limitations regarding the 
                functions to be performed by the ODA holder;
                    ``(B) delegate fully to the ODA holder each of the 
                functions to be performed as specified in the 
                procedures manual, unless the Administrator determines, 
                after the date of the delegation and as a result of an 
                inspection or other investigation, that the public 
                interest and safety of air commerce requires a 
                limitation with respect to 1 or more of the functions;
                    ``(C) conduct regular oversight activities by 
                inspecting the ODA holder's delegated functions and 
                taking action based on validated inspection findings; 
                and
                    ``(D) for each function that is limited under 
                subparagraph (B), work with the ODA holder to develop 
                the ODA holder's capability to execute that function 
                safely and effectively and return to full authority 
                status.
            ``(2) Duties of oda holders.--An ODA holder shall--
                    ``(A) perform each specified function delegated to 
                the ODA holder in accordance with the approved 
                procedures manual for the delegation;
                    ``(B) make the procedures manual available to each 
                member of the appropriate ODA unit; and
                    ``(C) cooperate fully with oversight activities 
                conducted by the Administrator in connection with the 
                delegation.
            ``(3) Existing oda holders.--With regard to an ODA holder 
        operating under a procedures manual approved by the 
        Administrator before the date of enactment of the FAA 
        Reauthorization Act of 2018, the Administrator shall--
                    ``(A) at the request of the ODA holder and in an 
                expeditious manner, approve revisions to the ODA 
                holder's procedures manual;
                    ``(B) delegate fully to the ODA holder each of the 
                functions to be performed as specified in the 
                procedures manual, unless the Administrator determines, 
                after the date of the delegation and as a result of an 
                inspection or other investigation, that the public 
                interest and safety of air commerce requires a 
                limitation with respect to one or more of the 
                functions;
                    ``(C) conduct regular oversight activities by 
                inspecting the ODA holder's delegated functions and 
                taking action based on validated inspection findings; 
                and
                    ``(D) for each function that is limited under 
                subparagraph (B), work with the ODA holder to develop 
                the ODA holder's capability to execute that function 
                safely and effectively and return to full authority 
                status.
    ``(b) ODA Office.--
            ``(1) Establishment.--Not later than 120 days after the 
        date of enactment of this section, the Administrator of the FAA 
        shall identify, within the FAA Office of Aviation Safety, a 
        centralized policy office to be known as the Organization 
        Designation Authorization Office or the ODA Office.
            ``(2) Purpose.--The purpose of the ODA Office shall be to 
        provide oversight and ensure the consistency of the FAA's audit 
        functions under the ODA program across the FAA.
            ``(3) Functions.--The ODA Office shall--
                    ``(A)(i) at the request of an ODA holder, eliminate 
                all limitations specified in a procedures manual in 
                place on the day before the date of enactment of the 
                FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018 that are low and medium 
                risk as determined by a risk analysis using criteria 
                established by the ODA Office and disclosed to the ODA 
                holder, except where an ODA holder's performance 
                warrants the retention of a specific limitation due to 
                documented concerns about inadequate current 
                performance in carrying out that authorized function;
                    ``(ii) require an ODA holder to establish a 
                corrective action plan to regain authority for any 
                retained limitations;
                    ``(iii) require an ODA holder to notify the ODA 
                Office when all corrective actions have been 
                accomplished; and
                    ``(iv) make a reassessment to determine if 
                subsequent performance in carrying out any retained 
                limitation warrants continued retention and, if such 
                reassessment determines performance meets objectives, 
                lift such limitation immediately;
                    ``(B) improve FAA and ODA holder performance and 
                ensure full utilization of the authorities delegated 
                under the ODA program;
                    ``(C) develop a more consistent approach to audit 
                priorities, procedures, and training under the ODA 
                program;
                    ``(D) review, in a timely fashion, a random sample 
                of limitations on delegated authorities under the ODA 
                program to determine if the limitations are 
                appropriate;
                    ``(E) ensure national consistency in the 
                interpretation and application of the requirements of 
                the ODA program, including any limitations, and in the 
                performance of the ODA program; and
                    ``(F) at the request of an ODA holder, review and 
                approve new limitations to ODA functions.
    ``(c) Definitions.--In this section, the following definitions 
apply:
            ``(1) FAA.--The term `FAA' means the Federal Aviation 
        Administration.
            ``(2) ODA holder.--The term `ODA holder' means an entity 
        authorized to perform functions pursuant to a delegation made 
        by the Administrator of the FAA under section 44702(d).
            ``(3) ODA unit.--The term ``ODA unit'' means a group of 2 
        or more individuals who perform, under the supervision of an 
        ODA holder, authorized functions under an ODA.
            ``(4) Organization.--The term ``organization'' means a 
        firm, partnership, corporation, company, association, joint-
        stock association, or governmental entity.
            ``(5) Organization designation authorization; oda.--The 
        term `Organization Designation Authorization' or `ODA' means an 
        authorization by the FAA under section 44702(d) for an 
        organization composed of 1 or more ODA units to perform 
        approved functions on behalf of the FAA.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 447 of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:

``44736. Organization designation authorizations.''.

SEC. 213. ODA REVIEW.

    (a) Establishment of Expert Review Panel.--
            (1) Expert panel.--Not later than 120 days after the date 
        of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall convene a 
        multidisciplinary expert review panel (in this section referred 
        to as the ``Panel'').
            (2) Composition of panel.--
                    (A) Appointment of members.--The Panel shall be 
                composed of not more than 20 members appointed by the 
                Administrator.
                    (B) Qualifications.--The members appointed to the 
                Panel shall--
                            (i) each have a minimum of 5 years of 
                        experience in processes and procedures under 
                        the ODA program; and
                            (ii) represent, at a minimum, ODA holders, 
                        aviation manufacturers, safety experts, and FAA 
                        labor organizations, including labor 
                        representatives of FAA aviation safety 
                        inspectors and aviation safety engineers.
    (b) Survey.--The Panel shall conduct a survey of ODA holders and 
ODA program applicants to document and assess FAA certification and 
oversight activities, including use of the ODA program and the 
timeliness and efficiency of the certification process. In carrying out 
this subsection, the Panel shall consult with appropriate survey 
experts to best design and conduct the survey.
    (c) Assessment and Recommendations.--The Panel shall assess and 
make recommendations concerning--
            (1) the FAA's processes and procedures under the ODA 
        program and whether the processes and procedures function as 
        intended;
            (2) the best practices of and lessons learned by ODA 
        holders and FAA personnel who provide oversight of ODA holders;
            (3) performance incentive policies that--
                    (A) are related to the ODA program for FAA 
                personnel; and
                    (B) do not conflict with the public interest;
            (4) training activities related to the ODA program for FAA 
        personnel and ODA holders;
            (5) the impact, if any, that oversight of the ODA program 
        has on FAA resources and the FAA's ability to process 
        applications for certifications outside of the ODA program; and
            (6) the results of the survey conducted under subsection 
        (b).
    (d) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date the Panel is 
convened under subsection (a), the Panel shall submit to the 
Administrator, the Advisory Committee, and the appropriate committees 
of Congress a report on the findings and recommendations of the Panel.
    (e) Definitions.--The definitions contained in section 44736 of 
title 49, United States Code, as added by this Act, apply to this 
section.
    (f) Applicable Law.--Public Law 92-463 shall not apply to the 
Panel.
    (g) Sunset.--The Panel shall terminate on the date of submission of 
the report under subsection (d), or on the date that is 1 year after 
the Panel is convened under subsection (a), whichever occurs first.

SEC. 214. TYPE CERTIFICATION RESOLUTION PROCESS.

    (a) In General.--Section 44704(a) of title 49, United States Code, 
is amended by adding at the end the following:
            ``(6) Type certification resolution process.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Not later than 15 months after 
                the date of enactment of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 
                2018, the Administrator shall establish an effective, 
                timely, and milestone-based issue resolution process 
                for type certification activities under this 
                subsection.
                    ``(B) Process requirements.--The resolution process 
                shall provide for--
                            ``(i) resolution of technical issues at 
                        pre-established stages of the certification 
                        process, as agreed to by the Administrator and 
                        the type certificate applicant;
                            ``(ii) automatic elevation to appropriate 
                        management personnel of the Federal Aviation 
                        Administration and the type certificate 
                        applicant of any major certification process 
                        milestone that is not completed or resolved 
                        within a specific period of time agreed to by 
                        the Administrator and the type certificate 
                        applicant; and
                            ``(iii) resolution of a major certification 
                        process milestone elevated pursuant to clause 
                        (ii) within a specific period of time agreed to 
                        by the Administrator and the type certificate 
                        applicant.
                    ``(C) Major certification process milestone 
                defined.--In this paragraph, the term `major 
                certification process milestone' means a milestone 
                related to a type certification basis, type 
                certification plan, type inspection authorization, 
                issue paper, or other major type certification activity 
                agreed to by the Administrator and the type certificate 
                applicant.''.
    (b) Technical Amendment.--Section 44704 of title 49, United States 
Code, is amended in the section heading by striking ``airworthiness 
certificates,,'' and inserting ``airworthiness certificates,''.

SEC. 215. REVIEW OF CERTIFICATION PROCESS FOR SMALL GENERAL AVIATION 
              AIRPLANES.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall 
initiate a review of the Federal Aviation Administration's 
implementation of the final rule titled ``Revision of Airworthiness 
Standards for Normal, Utility, Acrobatic, and Commuter Category 
Airplanes'' (81 Fed. Reg. 96572).
    (b) Considerations.--In carrying out the review, the Comptroller 
General shall assess--
            (1) how the rule puts into practice the Administration's 
        efforts to implement performance and risk-based safety 
        standards;
            (2) the extent to which the rule has resulted in the 
        implementation of a streamlined regulatory regime to improve 
        safety, reduce regulatory burden, and decrease costs;
            (3) whether the rule and its implementation have spurred 
        innovation and technological adoption;
            (4) how consensus standards accepted by the FAA facilitate 
        the development of new safety equipment and aircraft 
        capabilities; and
            (5) whether lessons learned from the rule and its 
        implementation have resulted in best practices that could be 
        applied to airworthiness standards for other categories of 
        aircraft.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of initiation 
of the review, the Comptroller General shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a report on the results of the review, including 
findings and recommendations.

SEC. 216. ODA STAFFING AND OVERSIGHT.

    (a) Report to Congress.--Not later than 270 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress a report on the Administration's 
progress with respect to--
            (1) determining what additional model inputs and labor 
        distribution codes are needed to identify ODA oversight 
        staffing needs;
            (2) developing and implementing system-based evaluation 
        criteria and risk-based tools to aid ODA team members in 
        targeting their oversight activities;
            (3) developing agreements and processes for sharing 
        resources to ensure adequate oversight of ODA personnel 
        performing certification and inspection work at supplier and 
        company facilities; and
            (4) ensuring full utilization of ODA authority.
    (b) ODA Defined.--In this section, the term ``ODA'' has the meaning 
given that term in section 44736 of title 49, United States Code, as 
added by this Act.

                  Subtitle C--Flight Standards Reform

SEC. 221. FLIGHT STANDARDS PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES AND METRICS.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 120 days after the date on which 
the Advisory Committee is established under section 202, the 
Administrator shall establish performance objectives and apply and 
track performance metrics for the FAA and the aviation industry 
relating to flight standards activities in accordance with this 
section.
    (b) Collaboration.--The Administrator shall carry out this section 
in collaboration with the Advisory Committee, and update agency 
performance objectives and metrics after considering the 
recommendations of the Advisory Committee under paragraphs (8) and (9) 
of section 202(c).
    (c) Performance Objectives.--In carrying out subsection (a), the 
Administrator shall establish performance objectives for the FAA and 
the aviation industry to ensure that, with respect to flight standards 
activities, progress is made toward, at a minimum--
            (1) eliminating delays with respect to such activities;
            (2) increasing accountability for both the FAA and the 
        aviation industry;
            (3) achieving full utilization of FAA delegation and 
        designation authorities, including organizational designation 
        authority;
            (4) fully implementing risk management principles and a 
        systems safety approach;
            (5) reducing duplication of effort;
            (6) eliminating inconsistent regulatory interpretations and 
        inconsistent enforcement activities;
            (7) improving and providing greater opportunities for 
        training, including recurrent training, in auditing and a 
        systems safety approach to oversight;
            (8) developing and allowing utilization of a single master 
        source for guidance;
            (9) providing and utilizing a streamlined appeal process 
        for the resolution of regulatory interpretation questions;
            (10) maintaining and improving safety; and
            (11) increasing transparency.
    (d) Performance Metrics.--In carrying out subsection (a), the 
Administrator shall apply and track performance metrics for the FAA and 
the regulated aviation industry established by the Advisory Committee.
    (e) Data Generation.--
            (1) Baselines.--Not later than 1 year after the date on 
        which the Advisory Committee recommends initial performance 
        metrics for the FAA and the regulated aviation industry under 
        section 202, the Administrator shall generate initial data with 
        respect to each of the performance metrics applied and tracked 
        under this section.
            (2) Benchmarks to measure progress toward goals.--The 
        Administrator shall use the metrics applied and tracked under 
        this section to generate data on an ongoing basis and to 
        measure progress toward the achievement of national goals 
        recommended by the Advisory Committee.
    (f) Publication.--The Administrator shall make data generated using 
the performance metrics applied and tracked under this section 
available to the public in a searchable, sortable, and downloadable 
format through the internet website of the FAA or other appropriate 
methods and shall ensure that the data are made available in a manner 
that--
            (1) does not provide identifying information regarding an 
        individual or entity; and
            (2) prevents inappropriate disclosure of proprietary 
        information.

SEC. 222. FAA TASK FORCE ON FLIGHT STANDARDS REFORM.

    (a) Establishment.--Not later than 90 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall establish the FAA Task 
Force on Flight Standards Reform (in this section referred to as the 
``Task Force'').
    (b) Membership.--
            (1) Appointment.--The membership of the Task Force shall be 
        appointed by the Administrator.
            (2) Number.--The Task Force shall be composed of not more 
        than 20 members.
            (3) Representation requirements.--The membership of the 
        Task Force shall include representatives, with knowledge of 
        flight standards regulatory processes and requirements, of--
                    (A) air carriers;
                    (B) general aviation;
                    (C) business aviation;
                    (D) repair stations;
                    (E) unmanned aircraft systems operators;
                    (F) flight schools;
                    (G) labor unions, including those representing FAA 
                aviation safety inspectors and those representing FAA 
                aviation safety engineers;
                    (H) aviation and aerospace manufacturers; and
                    (I) aviation safety experts.
    (c) Duties.--The duties of the Task Force shall include, at a 
minimum, identifying best practices and providing recommendations, for 
current and anticipated budgetary environments, with respect to--
            (1) simplifying and streamlining flight standards 
        regulatory processes, including issuance and oversight of 
        certificates;
            (2) reorganizing Flight Standards Services to establish an 
        entity organized by function rather than geographic region, if 
        appropriate;
            (3) FAA aviation safety inspector training opportunities;
            (4) ensuring adequate and timely provision of Flight 
        Standards activities and responses necessary for type 
        certification, operational evaluation, and entry into service 
        of newly manufactured aircraft;
            (5) FAA aviation safety inspector standards and 
        performance; and
            (6) achieving, across the FAA, consistent--
                    (A) regulatory interpretations; and
                    (B) application of oversight activities.
    (d) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the 
establishment of the Task Force, the Task Force shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress a report detailing--
            (1) the best practices identified and recommendations 
        provided by the Task Force under subsection (c); and
            (2) any recommendations of the Task Force for additional 
        regulatory, policy, or cost-effective legislative action to 
        improve the efficiency of agency activities.
    (e) Applicable Law.--Public Law 92-463 shall not apply to the Task 
Force.
    (f) Sunset.--The Task Force shall terminate on the earlier of--
            (1) the date on which the Task Force submits the report 
        required under subsection (d); or
            (2) the date that is 18 months after the date on which the 
        Task Force is established under subsection (a).

SEC. 223. CENTRALIZED SAFETY GUIDANCE DATABASE.

    (a) Establishment.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall establish a centralized 
safety guidance database that will--
            (1) encompass all of the regulatory guidance documents of 
        the FAA Office of Aviation Safety;
            (2) contain, for each such guidance document, a link to the 
        Code of Federal Regulations provision to which the document 
        relates; and
            (3) be publicly available in a manner that--
                    (A) protects from disclosure identifying 
                information regarding an individual or entity; and
                    (B) prevents inappropriate disclosure proprietary 
                information.
    (b) Data Entry Timing.--
            (1) Existing documents.--Not later than 14 months after the 
        date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall begin 
        entering into the database established under subsection (a) all 
        of the regulatory guidance documents of the Office of Aviation 
        Safety that are in effect and were issued before the date on 
        which the Administrator begins such entry process.
            (2) New documents and changes.--On and after the date on 
        which the Administrator begins the document entry process under 
        paragraph (1), the Administrator shall ensure that all new 
        regulatory guidance documents of the Office of Aviation Safety 
        and any changes to existing documents are included in the 
        database established under subsection (a) as such documents or 
        changes to existing documents are issued.
    (c) Consultation Requirement.--In establishing the database under 
subsection (a), the Administrator shall consult and collaborate with 
appropriate stakeholders, including labor organizations (including 
those representing aviation workers, FAA aviation safety engineers and 
FAA aviation safety inspectors) and aviation industry stakeholders.
    (d) Regulatory Guidance Documents Defined.--In this section, the 
term ``regulatory guidance documents'' means all forms of written 
information issued by the FAA that an individual or entity may use to 
interpret or apply FAA regulations and requirements, including 
information an individual or entity may use to determine acceptable 
means of compliance with such regulations and requirements, such as an 
order, manual, circular, policy statement, legal interpretation 
memorandum, or rulemaking document.

SEC. 224. REGULATORY CONSISTENCY COMMUNICATIONS BOARD.

    (a) Establishment.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall establish a Regulatory 
Consistency Communications Board (in this section referred to as the 
``Board'').
    (b) Consultation Requirement.--In establishing the Board, the 
Administrator shall consult and collaborate with appropriate 
stakeholders, including FAA labor organizations (including labor 
organizations representing FAA aviation safety inspectors) and industry 
stakeholders.
    (c) Membership.--The Board shall be composed of FAA 
representatives, appointed by the Administrator, from--
            (1) the Flight Standards Service;
            (2) the Aircraft Certification Service; and
            (3) the Office of the Chief Counsel.
    (d) Functions.--The Board shall carry out the following functions:
            (1) Establish, at a minimum, processes by which--
                    (A) FAA personnel and persons regulated by the FAA 
                may submit anonymous regulatory interpretation 
                questions without fear of retaliation;
                    (B) FAA personnel may submit written questions, and 
                receive written responses, as to whether a previous 
                approval or regulatory interpretation issued by FAA 
                personnel in another office or region is correct or 
                incorrect; and
                    (C) any other person may submit written anonymous 
                regulatory interpretation questions.
            (2) Meet on a regular basis to discuss and resolve 
        questions submitted pursuant to paragraph (1) and the 
        appropriate application of regulations and policy with respect 
        to each question.
            (3) Provide to a person that submitted a question pursuant 
        to subparagraph (A) or (B) of paragraph (1) a timely written 
        response to the question.
            (4) Establish a process to make resolutions of common 
        regulatory interpretation questions publicly available to FAA 
        personnel, persons regulated by the FAA, and the public without 
        revealing any identifying data of the person that submitted the 
        question and in a manner that protects any proprietary 
        information.
            (5) Ensure the incorporation of resolutions of questions 
        submitted pursuant to paragraph (1) into regulatory guidance 
        documents, as such term is defined in section 223(d).
    (e) Performance Metrics, Timelines, and Goals.--Not later than 180 
days after the date on which the Advisory Committee recommends 
performance objectives and performance metrics for the FAA and the 
regulated aviation industry under section 202, the Administrator, in 
collaboration with the Advisory Committee, shall--
            (1) establish performance metrics, timelines, and goals to 
        measure the progress of the Board in resolving regulatory 
        interpretation questions submitted pursuant to subsection 
        (d)(1); and
            (2) implement a process for tracking the progress of the 
        Board in meeting the performance metrics, timelines, and goals 
        established under paragraph (1).

                      Subtitle D--Safety Workforce

SEC. 231. SAFETY WORKFORCE TRAINING STRATEGY.

    (a) Safety Workforce Training Strategy.--Not later than 60 days 
after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall review 
and revise its safety workforce training strategy to ensure that such 
strategy--
            (1) aligns with an effective risk-based approach to safety 
        oversight;
            (2) best uses available resources;
            (3) allows FAA employees participating in organization 
        management teams or conducting ODA program audits to complete, 
        in a timely fashion, appropriate training, including recurrent 
        training, in auditing and a systems safety approach to 
        oversight;
            (4) seeks knowledge-sharing opportunities between the FAA 
        and the aviation industry in new technologies, equipment and 
        systems, best practices, and other areas of interest related to 
        safety oversight;
            (5) functions within the current and anticipated budgetary 
        environments;
            (6) fosters an inspector and engineer workforce that has 
        the skills and training necessary to improve risk-based 
        approaches that focus on requirements management and auditing 
        skills; and
            (7) includes, as appropriate, milestones and metrics for 
        meeting the requirements of paragraphs (1) through (5).
    (b) Report.--Not later than 270 days after the date of the revision 
of the strategy required under subsection (a), the Administrator shall 
submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the 
implementation of the strategy and progress in meeting any milestones 
and metrics included in the strategy.
    (c) Definitions.--In this section, the following definitions apply:
            (1) ODA; oda holder.--The terms ``ODA'' and ``ODA holder'' 
        have the meanings given those terms in section 44736 of title 
        49, United States Code, as added by this Act.
            (2) ODA program.--The term ``ODA program'' means the 
        program to standardize FAA management and oversight of the 
        organizations that are approved to perform certain functions on 
        behalf of the Administration under section 44702(d) of title 
        49, United States Code.
            (3) Organization management team.--The term ``organization 
        management team'' means a team consisting of FAA aviation 
        safety engineers, flight test pilots, and aviation safety 
        inspectors overseeing an ODA holder and its certification 
        activity.

SEC. 232. WORKFORCE REVIEW.

    (a) Workforce Review.--Not later than 90 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States 
shall conduct a review to assess the workforce and training needs of 
the FAA Office of Aviation Safety in the anticipated budgetary 
environment.
    (b) Contents.--The review required under subsection (a) shall 
include--
            (1) a review of current aviation safety inspector and 
        aviation safety engineer hiring, training, and recurrent 
        training requirements;
            (2) an analysis of the skills and qualifications required 
        of aviation safety inspectors and aviation safety engineers for 
        successful performance in the current and future projected 
        aviation safety regulatory environment, including the need for 
        a systems engineering discipline within the FAA to guide the 
        engineering of complex systems, with an emphasis on auditing 
        designated authorities;
            (3) a review of current performance incentive policies of 
        the FAA, as applied to the Office of Aviation Safety, including 
        awards for performance;
            (4) an analysis of ways the FAA can work with industry and 
        labor, including labor groups representing FAA aviation safety 
        inspectors and aviation safety engineers, to establish 
        knowledge-sharing opportunities between the FAA and the 
        aviation industry regarding new equipment and systems, best 
        practices, and other areas of interest; and
            (5) recommendations on the most effective qualifications, 
        training programs (including e-learning training), and 
        performance incentive approaches to address the needs of the 
        future projected aviation safety regulatory system in the 
        anticipated budgetary environment.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 270 days after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a report on the results of the review required 
under subsection (a).

                   Subtitle E--International Aviation

SEC. 241. PROMOTION OF UNITED STATES AEROSPACE STANDARDS, PRODUCTS, AND 
              SERVICES ABROAD.

    Section 40104 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding 
at the end the following:
    ``(d) Promotion of United States Aerospace Standards, Products, and 
Services Abroad.--The Secretary shall take appropriate actions to--
            ``(1) promote United States aerospace-related safety 
        standards abroad;
            ``(2) facilitate and vigorously defend approvals of United 
        States aerospace products and services abroad;
            ``(3) with respect to bilateral partners, utilize bilateral 
        safety agreements and other mechanisms to improve validation of 
        United States certificated aeronautical products, services, and 
        appliances and enhance mutual acceptance in order to eliminate 
        redundancies and unnecessary costs; and
            ``(4) with respect to the aeronautical safety authorities 
        of a foreign country, streamline validation and coordination 
        processes.''.

SEC. 242. BILATERAL EXCHANGES OF SAFETY OVERSIGHT RESPONSIBILITIES.

    Section 44701(e) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by 
adding at the end the following:
            ``(5) Foreign airworthiness directives.--
                    ``(A) Acceptance.--Subject to subparagraph (D), the 
                Administrator may accept an airworthiness directive, as 
                defined in section 39.3 of title 14, Code of Federal 
                Regulations, issued by an aeronautical safety authority 
                of a foreign country, and leverage that authority's 
                regulatory process, if--
                            ``(i) the country is the state of design 
                        for the product that is the subject of the 
                        airworthiness directive;
                            ``(ii) the United States has a bilateral 
                        safety agreement relating to aircraft 
                        certification with the country;
                            ``(iii) as part of the bilateral safety 
                        agreement with the country, the Administrator 
                        has determined that such aeronautical safety 
                        authority has an aircraft certification system 
                        relating to safety that produces a level of 
                        safety equivalent to the level produced by the 
                        system of the Federal Aviation Administration;
                            ``(iv) the aeronautical safety authority of 
                        the country utilizes an open and transparent 
                        notice and comment process in the issuance of 
                        airworthiness directives; and
                            ``(v) the airworthiness directive is 
                        necessary to provide for the safe operation of 
                        the aircraft subject to the directive.
                    ``(B) Alternative approval process.--
                Notwithstanding subparagraph (A), the Administrator may 
                issue a Federal Aviation Administration airworthiness 
                directive instead of accepting an airworthiness 
                directive otherwise eligible for acceptance under such 
                subparagraph, if the Administrator determines that such 
                issuance is necessary for safety or operational reasons 
                due to the complexity or unique features of the Federal 
                Aviation Administration airworthiness directive or the 
                United States aviation system.
                    ``(C) Alternative means of compliance.--The 
                Administrator may--
                            ``(i) accept an alternative means of 
                        compliance, with respect to an airworthiness 
                        directive accepted under subparagraph (A), that 
                        was approved by the aeronautical safety 
                        authority of the foreign country that issued 
                        the airworthiness directive; or
                            ``(ii) notwithstanding subparagraph (A), 
                        and at the request of any person affected by an 
                        airworthiness directive accepted under such 
                        subparagraph, approve an alternative means of 
                        compliance with respect to the airworthiness 
                        directive.
                    ``(D) Limitation.--The Administrator may not accept 
                an airworthiness directive issued by an aeronautical 
                safety authority of a foreign country if the 
                airworthiness directive addresses matters other than 
                those involving the safe operation of an aircraft.''.

SEC. 243. FAA LEADERSHIP ABROAD.

    (a) In General.--To promote United States aerospace safety 
standards, reduce redundant regulatory activity, and facilitate 
acceptance of FAA design and production approvals abroad, the 
Administrator shall--
            (1) attain greater expertise in issues related to dispute 
        resolution, intellectual property, and export control laws to 
        better support FAA certification and other aerospace regulatory 
        activities abroad;
            (2) work with United States companies to more accurately 
        track the amount of time it takes foreign authorities, 
        including bilateral partners, to validate United States 
        certificated aeronautical products;
            (3) provide assistance to United States companies that have 
        experienced significantly long foreign validation wait times;
            (4) work with foreign authorities, including bilateral 
        partners, to collect and analyze data to determine the 
        timeliness of the acceptance and validation of FAA design and 
        production approvals by foreign authorities and the acceptance 
        and validation of foreign-certified products by the FAA;
            (5) establish appropriate benchmarks and metrics to measure 
        the success of bilateral aviation safety agreements and to 
        reduce the validation time for United States certificated 
        aeronautical products abroad; and
            (6) work with foreign authorities, including bilateral 
        partners, to improve the timeliness of the acceptance and 
        validation of FAA design and production approvals by foreign 
        authorities and the acceptance and validation of foreign-
        certified products by the FAA.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees 
of Congress a report that--
            (1) describes the FAA's strategic plan for international 
        engagement;
            (2) describes the structure and responsibilities of all FAA 
        offices that have international responsibilities, including the 
        Aircraft Certification Office, and all the activities conducted 
        by those offices related to certification and production;
            (3) describes current and forecasted staffing and travel 
        needs for the FAA's international engagement activities, 
        including the needs of the Aircraft Certification Office in the 
        current and forecasted budgetary environment;
            (4) provides recommendations, if appropriate, to improve 
        the existing structure and personnel and travel policies 
        supporting the FAA's international engagement activities, 
        including the activities of the Aviation Certification Office, 
        to better support the growth of United States aerospace 
        exports; and
            (5) identifies cost-effective policy initiatives, 
        regulatory initiatives, or legislative initiatives needed to 
        improve and enhance the timely acceptance of United States 
        aerospace products abroad.
    (c) International Travel.--The Administrator, or the 
Administrator's designee, may authorize international travel for any 
FAA employee, without the approval of any other person or entity, if 
the Administrator determines that the travel is necessary--
            (1) to promote United States aerospace safety standards; or
            (2) to support expedited acceptance of FAA design and 
        production approvals.

SEC. 244. REGISTRATION, CERTIFICATION, AND RELATED FEES.

    Section 45305 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a) by striking ``Subject to subsection 
        (b)'' and inserting ``Subject to subsection (c)'';
            (2) by redesignating subsections (b) and (c) as subsections 
        (c) and (d), respectively; and
            (3) by inserting after subsection (a) the following:
    ``(b) Certification Services.--Subject to subsection (c), and 
notwithstanding section 45301(a), the Administrator may establish and 
collect a fee from a foreign government or entity for services related 
to certification, regardless of where the services are provided, if the 
fee--
            ``(1) is established and collected in a manner consistent 
        with aviation safety agreements; and
            ``(2) does not exceed the estimated costs of the 
        services.''.

                           TITLE III--SAFETY

                     Subtitle A--General Provisions

SEC. 301. DEFINITIONS.

    In this title, the following definitions apply:
            (1) Administrator.--The term ``Administrator'' means the 
        Administrator of the FAA.
            (2) FAA.--The term ``FAA'' means the Federal Aviation 
        Administration.

SEC. 302. FAA TECHNICAL TRAINING.

    (a) E-learning Training Pilot Program.--Not later than 90 days 
after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator, in 
collaboration with the exclusive bargaining representatives of covered 
FAA personnel, shall establish an e-learning training pilot program in 
accordance with the requirements of this section.
    (b) Curriculum.--The pilot program shall--
            (1) include a recurrent training curriculum for covered FAA 
        personnel to ensure that the covered FAA personnel receive 
        instruction on the latest aviation technologies, processes, and 
        procedures;
            (2) focus on providing specialized technical training for 
        covered FAA personnel, as determined necessary by the 
        Administrator;
            (3) include training courses on applicable regulations of 
        the Federal Aviation Administration; and
            (4) consider the efficacy of instructor-led online 
        training.
    (c) Pilot Program Termination.--The pilot program shall terminate 1 
year after the date of establishment of the pilot program.
    (d) E-learning Training Program.--Upon termination of the pilot 
program, the Administrator shall assess and establish or update an e-
learning training program that incorporates lessons learned for covered 
FAA personnel as a result of the pilot program.
    (e) Definitions.--In this section, the following definitions apply:
            (1) Covered faa personnel.--The term ``covered FAA 
        personnel'' means airway transportation systems specialists and 
        aviation safety inspectors of the Federal Aviation 
        Administration.
            (2) E-learning training.--The term ``e-learning training'' 
        means learning utilizing electronic technologies to access 
        educational curriculum outside of a traditional classroom.

SEC. 303. SAFETY CRITICAL STAFFING.

    (a) Update of FAA's Safety Critical Staffing Model.--Not later than 
270 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator 
shall update the safety critical staffing model of the Administration 
to determine the number of aviation safety inspectors that will be 
needed to fulfill the safety oversight mission of the Administration.
    (b) Audit by DOT Inspector General.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date on 
        which the Administrator has updated the safety critical 
        staffing model under subsection (a), the Inspector General of 
        the Department of Transportation shall conduct an audit of the 
        staffing model.
            (2) Contents.--The audit shall include, at a minimum--
                    (A) a review of the assumptions and methodologies 
                used in devising and implementing the staffing model to 
                assess the adequacy of the staffing model in predicting 
                the number of aviation safety inspectors needed--
                            (i) to properly fulfill the mission of the 
                        Administration; and
                            (ii) to meet the future growth of the 
                        aviation industry; and
                    (B) a determination on whether the staffing model 
                takes into account the Administration's authority to 
                fully utilize designees.
            (3) Report on audit.--
                    (A) Report to secretary.--Not later than 30 days 
                after the date of completion of the audit, the 
                Inspector General shall submit to the Secretary a 
                report on the results of the audit.
                    (B) Report to congress.--Not later than 60 days 
                after the date of receipt of the report, the Secretary 
                shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress 
                a copy of the report, together with, if appropriate, a 
                description of any actions taken or to be taken to 
                address the results of the audit.

SEC. 304. INTERNATIONAL EFFORTS REGARDING TRACKING OF CIVIL AIRCRAFT.

    The Administrator shall exercise leadership on creating a global 
approach to improving aircraft tracking by working with--
            (1) foreign counterparts of the Administrator in the 
        International Civil Aviation Organization and its subsidiary 
        organizations;
            (2) other international organizations and fora; and
            (3) the private sector.

SEC. 305. AIRCRAFT DATA ACCESS AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS.

    (a) Assessment.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator shall initiate an assessment of aircraft 
data access and retrieval systems for part 121 air carrier aircraft 
that are used in extended overwater operations to--
            (1) determine if the systems provide improved access and 
        retrieval of aircraft data and cockpit voice recordings in the 
        event of an aircraft accident; and
            (2) assess the cost effectiveness of each system assessed.
    (b) Systems To Be Examined.--The systems to be examined under this 
section shall include, at a minimum--
            (1) various methods for improving detection and retrieval 
        of flight data, including--
                    (A) low-frequency underwater locating devices; and
                    (B) extended battery life for underwater locating 
                devices;
            (2) automatic deployable flight recorders;
            (3) emergency locator transmitters;
            (4) triggered transmission of flight data and other 
        satellite-based solutions;
            (5) distress-mode tracking; and
            (6) protections against disabling flight recorder systems.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of initiation of 
the assessment, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a report on the results of the assessment.
    (d) Part 121 Air Carrier Defined.--In this section, the term ``part 
121 air carrier'' means an air carrier with authority to conduct 
operations under part 121 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.

SEC. 306. ADVANCED COCKPIT DISPLAYS.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall initiate a review of 
heads-up display systems, heads-down display systems employing 
synthetic vision systems, and enhanced vision systems (in this section 
referred to as ``HUD systems'', ``SVS'', and ``EVS'', respectively).
    (b) Contents.--The review shall--
            (1) evaluate the impacts of single- and dual-installed HUD 
        systems, SVS, and EVS on the safety and efficiency of aircraft 
        operations within the national airspace system; and
            (2) review a sufficient quantity of commercial aviation 
        accidents or incidents in order to evaluate if HUD systems, 
        SVS, or EVS would have produced a better outcome in each 
        accident or incident.
    (c) Consultation.--In conducting the review, the Administrator 
shall consult with aviation manufacturers, representatives of pilot 
groups, aviation safety organizations, and any government agencies the 
Administrator considers appropriate.
    (d) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees 
of Congress a report containing the results of the review, the actions 
the Administrator plans to take with respect to the systems reviewed, 
and the associated timeline for such actions.

SEC. 307. EMERGENCY MEDICAL EQUIPMENT ON PASSENGER AIRCRAFT.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator shall evaluate and revise, as 
appropriate, regulations in part 121 of title 14, Code of Federal 
Regulations, regarding emergency medical equipment, including the 
contents of first-aid kits, applicable to all certificate holders 
operating passenger aircraft under that part.
    (b) Consideration.--In carrying out subsection (a), the 
Administrator shall consider whether the minimum contents of approved 
emergency medical kits, including approved first-aid kits, include 
appropriate medications and equipment to meet the emergency medical 
needs of children and pregnant women.

SEC. 308. FAA AND NTSB REVIEW OF GENERAL AVIATION SAFETY.

    (a) Study Required.--Not later than 30 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator, in coordination with the 
Chairman of the National Transportation Safety Board, shall initiate a 
study of general aviation safety.
    (b) Study Contents.--The study required under subsection (a) shall 
include--
            (1) a review of all general aviation accidents since 2000, 
        including a review of--
                    (A) the number of such accidents;
                    (B) the number of injuries and fatalities, 
                including with respect to both occupants of aircraft 
                and individuals on the ground, as a result of such 
                accidents;
                    (C) the number of such accidents investigated by 
                the National Transportation Safety Board;
                    (D) the number of such accidents investigated by 
                the FAA; and
                    (E) a summary of the factual findings and probable 
                cause determinations with respect to such accidents;
            (2) an assessment of the most common probable cause 
        determinations issued for general aviation accidents since 
        2000;
            (3) an assessment of the most common facts analyzed by the 
        FAA and the National Transportation Safety Board in the course 
        of investigations of general aviation accidents since 2000, 
        including operational details;
            (4) a review of the safety recommendations of the National 
        Transportation Safety Board related to general aviation 
        accidents since 2000;
            (5) an assessment of the responses of the FAA and the 
        general aviation community to the safety recommendations of the 
        National Transportation Safety Board related to general 
        aviation accidents since 2000;
            (6) an assessment of the most common general aviation 
        safety issues;
            (7) a review of the total costs to the Federal Government 
        to conduct investigations of general aviation accidents over 
        the last 10 years; and
            (8) other matters the Administrator or the Chairman 
        considers appropriate.
    (c) Recommendations and Actions To Address General Aviation 
Safety.--Based on the results of the study required under subsection 
(a), the Administrator, in consultation with the Chairman, shall make 
such recommendations, including with respect to regulations and 
enforcement activities, as the Administrator considers necessary to--
            (1) address general aviation safety issues identified under 
        the study;
            (2) protect persons and property on the ground; and
            (3) improve the safety of general aviation operators in the 
        United States.
    (d) Authority.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the 
Administrator shall have the authority to undertake actions to address 
the recommendations made under subsection (c).
    (e) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees 
of Congress a report on the results of the study required under 
subsection (a), including the recommendations described in subsection 
(c).
    (f) General Aviation Defined.--In this section, the term ``general 
aviation'' means aircraft operation for personal, recreational, or 
other noncommercial purposes.

SEC. 309. CALL TO ACTION AIRLINE ENGINE SAFETY REVIEW.

    (a) Call to Action Airline Engine Safety Review.--Not later than 90 
days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall 
initiate a Call to Action safety review on airline engine safety in 
order to bring stakeholders together to share best practices and 
implement actions to address airline engine safety.
    (b) Contents.--The Call to Action safety review required pursuant 
to subsection (a) shall include--
            (1) a review of Administration regulations, guidance, and 
        directives related to airline engines during design and 
        production, including the oversight of those processes;
            (2) a review of Administration regulations, guidance, and 
        directives related to airline engine operation and maintenance 
        and the oversight of those processes;
            (3) a review of reportable accidents and incidents 
        involving airline engines during calendar years 2014 through 
        2018, including any identified contributing factors to the 
        reportable accident or incident; and
            (4) a process for stakeholders, including inspectors, 
        manufacturers, maintenance providers, airlines, labor, and 
        aviation safety experts, to provide feedback and share best 
        practices.
    (c) Report and Recommendations.--Not later than 90 days after the 
conclusion of the Call to Action safety review pursuant to subsection 
(a), the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of 
Congress a report on the results of the review and any recommendations 
for actions or best practices to improve airline engine safety.

SEC. 310. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON ACCESS TO AIR CARRIER FLIGHT DECKS.

    It is the sense of Congress that the Administrator should 
collaborate with other aviation authorities to advance a global 
standard for access to air carrier flight decks and redundancy 
requirements consistent with the flight deck access and redundancy 
requirements in the United States.

SEC. 311. PART 135 ACCIDENT AND INCIDENT DATA.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator shall--
            (1) determine, in collaboration with the National 
        Transportation Safety Board and part 135 industry stakeholders, 
        what, if any, additional data should be reported as part of an 
        accident or incident notice--
                    (A) to more accurately measure the safety of on-
                demand part 135 aircraft activity;
                    (B) to pinpoint safety problems; and
                    (C) to form the basis for critical research and 
                analysis of general aviation issues; and
            (2) provide a briefing to the appropriate committees of 
        Congress on the findings under paragraph (1), including a 
        description of any additional data to be collected, a timeframe 
        for implementing the additional data collection, and any 
        potential obstacles to implementation.
    (b) Definition of Part 135.--In this section, the term ``part 135'' 
means part 135 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.

SEC. 312. SENSE OF CONGRESS; PILOT IN COMMAND AUTHORITY.

    It is the sense of Congress that the pilot in command of an 
aircraft is directly responsible for, and is the final authority as to, 
the operation of that aircraft, as set forth in section 91.3(a) of 
title 14, Code of Federal Regulations (or any successor regulation 
thereto).

SEC. 313. REPORT ON CONSPICUITY NEEDS FOR SURFACE VEHICLES OPERATING ON 
              THE AIRSIDE OF AIR CARRIER SERVED AIRPORTS.

    (a) Study Required.--The Administrator shall carry out a study on 
the need for the FAA to prescribe conspicuity standards for surface 
vehicles operating on the airside of the categories of airports that 
air carriers serve as specified in subsection (b).
    (b) Covered Airports.--The study required by subsection (a) shall 
cover, at a minimum, 1 large hub airport, 1 medium hub airport, and 1 
small hub airport, as those terms are defined in section 40102 of title 
49, United States Code.
    (c) Report to Congress.--Not later than July 1, 2019, the 
Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
report setting forth the results of the study required by subsection 
(a), including such recommendations as the Administrator considers 
appropriate regarding the need for the Administration to prescribe 
conspicuity standards as described in subsection (a).

SEC. 314. HELICOPTER AIR AMBULANCE OPERATIONS DATA AND REPORTS.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator, in collaboration with helicopter air 
ambulance industry stakeholders, shall assess the availability of 
information to the general public related to the location of heliports 
and helipads used by helicopters providing air ambulance services, 
including helipads and helipads outside of those listed as part of any 
existing databases of Airport Master Record (5010) forms.
    (b) Requirements.--Based on the assessment under subsection (a), 
the Administrator shall--
            (1) update, as necessary, any existing guidance on what 
        information is included in the current databases of Airport 
        Master Record (5010) forms to include information related to 
        heliports and helipads used by helicopters providing air 
        ambulance services; or
            (2) develop, as appropriate and in collaboration with 
        helicopter air ambulance industry stakeholders, a new database 
        of heliports and helipads used by helicopters providing air 
        ambulance services.
    (c) Reports.--
            (1) Assessment report.--Not later than 30 days after the 
        date the assessment under subsection (a) is complete, the 
        Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of 
        Congress a report on the assessment, including any 
        recommendations on how to make information related to the 
        location of heliports and helipads used by helicopters 
        providing air ambulance services available to the general 
        public.
            (2) Implementation report.--Not later than 30 days after 
        completing action under paragraph (1) or paragraph (2) of 
        subsection (b), the Administrator shall submit to the 
        appropriate committees of Congress a report on such action.
    (d) Incident and Accident Data.--Section 44731 of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by 
                striking ``not later than 1 year after the date of 
                enactment of this section, and annually thereafter'' 
                and inserting ``annually'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``flights and 
                hours flown, by registration number, during which 
                helicopters operated by the certificate holder were 
                providing helicopter air ambulance services'' and 
                inserting ``hours flown by the helicopters operated by 
                the certificate holder'';
                    (C) in paragraph (3)--
                            (i) by striking ``of flight'' and inserting 
                        ``of patients transported and the number of 
                        patient transport'';
                            (ii) by inserting ``or'' after 
                        ``interfacility transport,''; and
                            (iii) by striking ``, or ferry or 
                        repositioning flight'';
                    (D) in paragraph (5)--
                            (i) by striking ``flights and''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``while providing air 
                        ambulance services''; and
                    (E) by amending paragraph (6) to read as follows:
            ``(6) The number of hours flown at night by helicopters 
        operated by the certificate holder.'';
            (2) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) by striking ``Not later than 2 years after the 
                date of enactment of this section, and annually 
                thereafter, the Administrator shall submit'' and 
                inserting ``The Administrator shall submit annually''; 
                and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following: ``The 
                report shall include the number of accidents 
                experienced by helicopter air ambulance operations, the 
                number of fatal accidents experienced by helicopter air 
                ambulance operations, and the rate, per 100,000 flight 
                hours, of accidents and fatal accidents experienced by 
                operators providing helicopter air ambulance 
                services.'';
            (3) by redesignating subsection (e) as subsection (f); and
            (4) by inserting after subsection (d) the following:
    ``(e) Implementation.--In carrying out this section, the 
Administrator, in collaboration with part 135 certificate holders 
providing helicopter air ambulance services, shall--
            ``(1) propose and develop a method to collect and store the 
        data submitted under subsection (a), including a method to 
        protect the confidentiality of any trade secret or proprietary 
        information submitted; and
            ``(2) ensure that the database under subsection (c) and the 
        report under subsection (d) include data and analysis that will 
        best inform efforts to improve the safety of helicopter air 
        ambulance operations.''.

SEC. 315. AVIATION RULEMAKING COMMITTEE FOR PART 135 PILOT REST AND 
              DUTY RULES.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall convene an aviation 
rulemaking committee to review, and develop findings and 
recommendations regarding, pilot rest and duty rules under part 135 of 
title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.
    (b) Duties.--The Administrator shall--
            (1) not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of 
        this Act, submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
        report based on the findings of the aviation rulemaking 
        committee; and
            (2) not later than 1 year after the date of submission of 
        the report under paragraph (1), issue a notice of proposed 
        rulemaking based on any consensus recommendations reached by 
        the aviation rulemaking committee.
    (c) Composition.--The aviation rulemaking committee shall consist 
of members appointed by the Administrator, including--
            (1) representatives of industry;
            (2) representatives of aviation labor organizations, 
        including collective bargaining units representing pilots who 
        are covered by part 135 of title 14, Code of Federal 
        Regulations, and subpart K of part 91 of such title; and
            (3) aviation safety experts with specific knowledge of 
        flight crewmember education and training requirements under 
        part 135 of such title.
    (d) Considerations.--The Administrator shall direct the aviation 
rulemaking committee to consider--
            (1) recommendations of prior part 135 rulemaking 
        committees;
            (2) accommodations necessary for small businesses;
            (3) scientific data derived from aviation-related fatigue 
        and sleep research;
            (4) data gathered from aviation safety reporting programs;
            (5) the need to accommodate the diversity of operations 
        conducted under part 135, including the unique duty and rest 
        time requirements of air ambulance pilots; and
            (6) other items, as appropriate.

SEC. 316. REPORT ON OBSOLETE TEST EQUIPMENT.

    (a) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees 
of Congress a report on the National Test Equipment Program of the FAA 
(in this section referred to as the ``Program'').
    (b) Contents.--The report shall include--
            (1) a list of all known outstanding requests for test 
        equipment, cataloged by type and location, under the Program;
            (2) a description of the current method under the Program 
        of ensuring calibrated equipment is in place for utilization;
            (3) a plan by the Administrator for appropriate inventory 
        of such equipment;
            (4) the Administrator's recommendations for increasing 
        multifunctionality in future test equipment and all known and 
        foreseeable manufacturer technological advances; and
            (5) a plan to replace, as appropriate, obsolete test 
        equipment throughout the service areas.

SEC. 317. HELICOPTER FUEL SYSTEM SAFETY.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 447 of title 49, United States Code, is 
further amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 44737. Helicopter fuel system safety
    ``(a) Prohibition.--
            ``(1) In general.--A person may not operate a covered 
        rotorcraft in United States airspace unless the design of the 
        rotorcraft is certified by the Administrator of the Federal 
        Aviation Administration to--
                    ``(A) comply with the requirements applicable to 
                the category of the rotorcraft under paragraphs (1), 
                (2), (3), (5), and (6) of section 27.952(a), section 
                27.952(c), section 27.952(f), section 27.952(g), 
                section 27.963(g) (but allowing for a minimum puncture 
                force of 250 pounds if successfully drop tested in-
                structure), and section 27.975(b) or paragraphs (1), 
                (2), (3), (5), and (6) of section 29.952(a), section 
                29.952(c), section 29.952(f), section 29.952(g), 
                section 29.963(b) (but allowing for a minimum puncture 
                force of 250 pounds if successfully drop tested in-
                structure), and 29.975(a)(7) of title 14, Code of 
                Federal Regulations, as in effect on the date of 
                enactment of this section; or
                    ``(B) employ other means acceptable to the 
                Administrator to provide an equivalent level of fuel 
                system crash resistance.
            ``(2) Covered rotorcraft defined.--In this subsection, the 
        term `covered rotorcraft' means a rotorcraft not otherwise 
        required to comply with section 27.952, section 27.963, and 
        section 27.975, or section 29.952, section 29.963, and section 
        29.975 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations as in effect on 
        the date of enactment of this section for which manufacture was 
        completed, as determined by the Administrator, on or after the 
        date that is 18 months after the date of enactment of this 
        section.
    ``(b) Administrative Provisions.--The Administrator shall--
            ``(1) expedite the certification and validation of United 
        States and foreign type designs and retrofit kits that improve 
        fuel system crashworthiness; and
            ``(2) not later than 180 days after the date of enactment 
        of this section, and periodically thereafter, issue a bulletin 
        to--
                    ``(A) inform rotorcraft owners and operators of 
                available modifications to improve fuel system 
                crashworthiness; and
                    ``(B) urge that such modifications be installed as 
                soon as practicable.
    ``(c) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section may be 
construed to affect the operation of a rotorcraft by the Department of 
Defense.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 447 of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:

``44737. Helicopter fuel system safety.''.

SEC. 318. APPLICABILITY OF MEDICAL CERTIFICATION STANDARDS TO OPERATORS 
              OF AIR BALLOONS.

    (a) Short Title.--This section may be cited as the ``Commercial 
Balloon Pilot Safety Act of 2018''.
    (b) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall revise section 61.3(c) 
of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations (relating to second-class 
medical certificates), to apply to an operator of an air balloon to the 
same extent such regulations apply to a pilot flight crewmember of 
other aircraft.
    (c) Air Balloon Defined.--In this section, the term ``air balloon'' 
has the meaning given the term ``balloon'' in section 1.1 of title 14, 
Code of Federal Regulations (or any corresponding similar regulation or 
ruling).

SEC. 319. DESIGNATED PILOT EXAMINER REFORMS.

    (a) In General.--The Administrator shall assign to the Aviation 
Rulemaking Advisory Committee (in this section referred to as the 
``Committee'') the task of reviewing all regulations and policies 
related to designated pilot examiners appointed under section 183.23 of 
title 14, Code of Federal Regulations. The Committee shall focus on the 
processes and requirements by which the FAA selects, trains, and 
deploys individuals as designated pilot examiners, and provide 
recommendations with respect to the regulatory and policy changes 
necessary to ensure an adequate number of designated pilot examiners 
are deployed and available to perform their duties. The Committee also 
shall make recommendations with respect to the regulatory and policy 
changes if necessary to allow a designated pilot examiner perform a 
daily limit of 3 new check rides with no limit for partial check rides 
and to serve as a designed pilot examiner without regard to any 
individual managing office.
    (b) Action Based on Recommendations.--Not later than 1 year after 
receiving recommendations under subsection (a), the Administrator shall 
take such action as the Administrator considers appropriate with 
respect to those recommendations.

SEC. 320. VOLUNTARY REPORTS OF OPERATIONAL OR MAINTENANCE ISSUES 
              RELATED TO AVIATION SAFETY.

    (a) In General.--There shall be a presumption that an individual's 
voluntary report of an operational or maintenance issue related to 
aviation safety under an aviation safety action program meets the 
criteria for acceptance as a valid report under such program.
    (b) Disclaimer Required.--Any dissemination, within the 
participating organization, of a report that was submitted and accepted 
under an aviation safety action program pursuant to the presumption 
under subsection (a), but that has not undergone review by an event 
review committee, shall be accompanied by a disclaimer stating that the 
report--
            (1) has not been reviewed by an event review committee 
        tasked with reviewing such reports; and
            (2) may subsequently be determined to be ineligible for 
        inclusion in the aviation safety action program.
    (c) Rejection of Report.--
            (1) In general.--A report described under subsection (a) 
        shall be rejected from an aviation safety action program if, 
        after a review of the report, an event review committee tasked 
        with reviewing such report, or the Federal Aviation 
        Administration member of the event review committee in the case 
        that the review committee does not reach consensus, determines 
        that the report fails to meet the criteria for acceptance under 
        such program.
            (2) Protections.--In any case in which a report of an 
        individual described under subsection (a) is rejected under 
        paragraph (1)--
                    (A) the enforcement-related incentive offered to 
                the individual for making such a report shall not 
                apply; and
                    (B) the protection from disclosure of the report 
                itself under section 40123 of title 49, United States 
                Code, shall not apply.
            (3) Aviation safety action program defined.--In this 
        section, the term ``aviation safety action program'' means a 
        program established in accordance with Federal Aviation 
        Administration Advisory Circular 120-66B, issued November 15, 
        2002 (including any similar successor advisory circular), to 
        allow an individual to voluntarily disclose operational or 
        maintenance issues related to aviation safety.

SEC. 321. EVALUATION REGARDING ADDITIONAL GROUND BASED TRANSMITTERS.

    The Administrator shall conduct an evaluation of providing 
additional ground based transmitters for Automatic Dependent 
Surveillance-Broadcasts (ADS-B) to provide a minimum operational 
network in Alaska along major flight routes.

SEC. 322. IMPROVED SAFETY IN RURAL AREAS.

    The Administrator shall permit an air carrier operating pursuant to 
part 135 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, to operate to a 
destination with a published approach, in a noncontiguous State under 
instrument flight rules and conduct an instrument approach without a 
destination Meteorological Aerodrome Report (METAR) if a current Area 
Forecast, supplemented by noncertified local weather observations (such 
as weather cameras and human observations) is available, and an 
alternate airport that has a weather report is specified. The operator 
shall have approved procedures for departure and en route weather 
evaluation.

SEC. 323. EXIT ROWS.

    (a) Review.--The Administrator shall conduct a review of current 
safety procedures regarding unoccupied exit rows on a covered aircraft 
in passenger air transportation during all stages of flight.
    (b) Consultation.--In carrying out the review, the Administrator 
shall consult with air carriers, aviation manufacturers, and labor 
stakeholders.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees 
of Congress a report on the results of the review.
    (d) Covered Aircraft Defined.--In this section, the term ``covered 
aircraft'' means an aircraft operating under part 121 of title 14, Code 
of Federal Regulations.

SEC. 324. COMPTROLLER GENERAL REPORT ON FAA ENFORCEMENT POLICY.

    Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Comptroller General of the United States shall complete a study, and 
report to the appropriate committees of Congress on the results 
thereof, on the effectiveness of Order 8000.373, Federal Aviation 
Administration Compliance Philosophy, announced on June 26, 2015. Such 
study shall include information about--
            (1) whether reports of safety incidents increased following 
        the order;
            (2) whether reduced enforcement penalties increased the 
        overall number of safety incidents that occurred; and
            (3) whether FAA enforcement staff registered complaints 
        about reduced enforcement reducing compliance with safety 
        regulations.

SEC. 325. ANNUAL SAFETY INCIDENT REPORT.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, and annually thereafter for 5 years, the Administrator, 
shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report 
regarding part 121 airline safety oversight.
    (b) Contents.--The annual report shall include--
            (1) a description of the Federal Aviation Administration's 
        safety oversight process to ensure the safety of the traveling 
        public;
            (2) a description of risk-based oversight methods applied 
        to ensure aviation safety, including to specific issues 
        addressed in the year preceding the report that in the 
        determination of the Administrator address safety risk; and
            (3) in the instance of specific reviews of air carrier 
        performance to safety regulations, a description of cases where 
        the timelines for recurrent reviews are advanced.

SEC. 326. AIRCRAFT AIR QUALITY.

    (a) Educational Materials.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall, in consultation with 
relevant stakeholders, establish and make available on a publicly 
available Internet website of the Administration, educational materials 
for flight attendants, pilots, and aircraft maintenance technicians on 
how to respond to incidents on board aircraft involving smoke or fumes.
    (b) Reporting of Incidents of Smoke or Fumes on Board Aircraft.--
Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator shall, in consultation with relevant stakeholders, issue 
guidance for flight attendants, pilots, and aircraft maintenance 
technicians to report incidents of smoke or fumes on board an aircraft 
operated by a commercial air carrier and with respect to the basis on 
which commercial air carriers shall report such incidents through the 
Service Difficulty Reporting System.
    (c) Research to Develop Techniques to Monitor Bleed Air Quality.--
Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator shall commission a study by the Airliner Cabin 
Environment Research Center of Excellence--
            (1) to identify and measure the constituents and levels of 
        constituents resulting from bleed air in the cabins of a 
        representative set of commercial aircraft in operation of the 
        United States;
            (2) to assess the potential health effects of such 
        constituents on passengers and cabin and flight deck crew;
            (3) to identify technologies suitable to provide reliable 
        and accurate warning of bleed air contamination, including 
        technologies to effectively monitor the aircraft air supply 
        system when the aircraft is in flight; and
            (4) to identify potential techniques to prevent fume 
        events.
    (d) Report Required.--Not later than 18 months after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress a report on the feasibility, 
efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of certification and installation of 
systems to evaluate bleed air quality.
    (e) Pilot Program.--The FAA may conduct a pilot program to evaluate 
the effectiveness of technologies identified in subsection (c).

SEC. 327. APPROACH CONTROL RADAR.

    The Administrator shall--
            (1) identify airports that are currently served by FAA 
        towers with nonradar approach and departure control (type 4 
        classification in the Federal Aviation Administration OPSNET); 
        and
            (2) develop an implementation plan, which takes into 
        account budgetary and flight volume considerations, to provide 
        an airport identified under paragraph (1), if appropriate, with 
        approach control radar.

SEC. 328. REPORT ON AIRLINE AND PASSENGER SAFETY.

    (a) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees 
of Congress a report on airline and passenger safety.
    (b) Contents.--The report required under subsection (a) shall 
include--
            (1) the average age of commercial aircraft owned and 
        operated by United States air carriers;
            (2) the over-all use of planes, including average lifetime 
        of commercial aircraft;
            (3) the number of hours aircraft are in flight over the 
        life of the aircraft and the average number of hours on 
        domestic and international flights, respectively;
            (4) the impact of metal fatigue on aircraft usage and 
        safety;
            (5) a review on contractor assisted maintenance of 
        commercial aircraft; and
            (6) a re-evaluation of the rules on inspection of aging 
        airplanes.

SEC. 329. PERFORMANCE-BASED STANDARDS.

    The Administrator shall, to the maximum extent possible and 
consistent with Federal law, and based on input by the public, ensure 
that regulations, guidance, and policies issued by the FAA on and after 
the date of enactment of this Act are issued in the form of 
performance-based standards, providing an equal or higher level of 
safety.

SEC. 330. REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS ON CERTAIN AVIATION SAFETY RISKS.

    Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, 
the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of 
Congress a report that--
            (1) identifies safety risks associated with power outages 
        at airports caused by weather or other factors, and recommends 
        actions to improve resilience of aviation communication, 
        navigation, and surveillance systems in the event of such 
        outages; and
            (2) reviews alerting mechanisms, devices, and procedures 
        for enhancing the situational awareness of pilots and air 
        traffic controllers in the event of a failure or an 
        irregularity of runway lights, and provides recommendations on 
        the further implementation of such mechanisms, devices, or 
        procedures.

SEC. 331. REVIEW OF FAA'S AVIATION SAFETY INFORMATION ANALYSIS AND 
              SHARING SYSTEM.

    (a) Audit by Department of Transportation Inspector General.--Not 
later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
inspector general of the Department of Transportation shall initiate a 
follow-up review of the FAA's Aviation Safety Information Analysis and 
Sharing (ASIAS) system to assess FAA's efforts and plans to improve the 
system.
    (b) Review.--The review shall include, at a minimum, an evaluation 
of FAA's efforts to improve the ASIAS system's predictive capabilities 
and solutions developed to more widely disseminate results of ASIAS 
data analyses, as well as an update on previous inspector general 
recommendations to improve this safety analysis and sharing system.
    (c) Report.--The inspector general shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a report on the results of the review carried 
out under this section and any recommendations to improve FAA's ASIAS 
system.

SEC. 332. AIRPORT RESCUE AND FIREFIGHTING.

    (a) Firefighting Foam.--Not later than 3 years after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator, using the latest version of 
National Fire Protection Association 403, ``Standard for Aircraft 
Rescue and Fire-Fighting Services at Airports'', and in coordination 
with the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, aircraft 
manufacturers and airports, shall not require the use of fluorinated 
chemicals to meet the performance standards referenced in chapter 6 of 
AC No: 150/5210-6D and acceptable under 139.319(l) of title 14, Code of 
Federal Regulations.
    (b) Training Facilities.--Not later than 90 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress--
            (1) a report on the number and sufficiency of aircraft 
        rescue and firefighting training facilities in each FAA region; 
        and
            (2) a plan, if appropriate, to address any coverage gaps 
        identified in the report.

SEC. 333. SAFE AIR TRANSPORTATION OF LITHIUM CELLS AND BATTERIES.

    (a) Harmonization With ICAO Technical Instructions.--
            (1) Adoption of icao instructions.--
                    (A) In general.--Pursuant to section 828 of the FAA 
                Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 44701 
                note), not later than 90 days after the date of 
                enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation 
                shall conform United States regulations on the air 
                transport of lithium cells and batteries with the 
                lithium cells and battery requirements in the 2015-2016 
                edition of the International Civil Aviation 
                Organization's (referred to in this subsection as 
                ``ICAO'') Technical Instructions (to include all 
                addenda), including the revised standards adopted by 
                ICAO which became effective on April 1, 2016 and any 
                further revisions adopted by ICAO prior to the 
                effective date of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018.
                    (B) Further proceedings.--Beginning on the date the 
                revised regulations under subparagraph (A) are 
                published in the Federal Register, any lithium cell and 
                battery rulemaking action or update commenced on or 
                after that date shall continue to comply with the 
                requirements under section 828 of the FAA Modernization 
                and Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 44701 note).
            (2) Review of other regulations.--Pursuant to section 828 
        of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 
        44701 note), the Secretary of Transportation may initiate a 
        review of other existing regulations regarding the air 
        transportation, including passenger-carrying and cargo 
        aircraft, of lithium batteries and cells.
    (b) Medical Device Batteries.--
            (1) In general.--For United States applicants, the 
        Secretary of Transportation shall consider and either grant or 
        deny, not later than 45 days after receipt of an application, 
        an application submitted in compliance with part 107 of title 
        49, Code of Federal Regulations, for special permits or 
        approvals for air transportation of lithium ion cells or 
        batteries specifically used by medical devices. Not later than 
        30 days after the date of application, the Pipeline and 
        Hazardous Materials Safety Administration shall provide a draft 
        special permit to the Federal Aviation Administration based on 
        the application. The Federal Aviation Administration shall 
        conduct an on-site inspection for issuance of the special 
        permit not later than 20 days after the date of receipt of the 
        draft special permit from the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials 
        Safety Administration.
            (2) Limited exceptions to restrictions on air 
        transportation of medical device batteries.--The Secretary 
        shall issue limited exceptions to the restrictions on 
        transportation of lithium ion and lithium metal batteries to 
        allow the shipment on a passenger aircraft of not more than 2 
        replacement batteries specifically used for a medical device 
        if--
                    (A) the intended destination of the batteries is 
                not serviced daily by cargo aircraft if a battery is 
                required for medically necessary care; and
                    (B) with regard to a shipper of lithium ion or 
                lithium metal batteries for medical devices that cannot 
                comply with a charge limitation in place at the time, 
                each battery is--
                            (i) individually packed in an inner 
                        packaging that completely encloses the battery;
                            (ii) placed in a rigid outer packaging; and
                            (iii) protected to prevent a short circuit.
            (3) Medial device defined.--ln this subsection, the term 
        ``medical device'' means an instrument, apparatus, implement, 
        machine, contrivance, implant, or in vitro reagent, including 
        any component, part, or accessory thereof, which is intended 
        for use in the diagnosis of disease or other conditions, or in 
        the cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease, of a 
        person.
            (4) Savings clause.--Nothing in this subsection shall be 
        construed as expanding or constricting any other authority the 
        Secretary of Transportation has under section 828 of the FAA 
        Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 44701 note).
    (c) Lithium Battery Safety Working Group.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall 
        establish a lithium battery safety working group (referred to 
        as the ``working group'' in this section) to promote and 
        coordinate efforts related to the promotion of the safe 
        manufacture, use, and transportation of lithium batteries and 
        cells.
            (2) Duties.--The working group shall coordinate and 
        facilitate the transfer of knowledge and expertise among the 
        following Federal agencies:
                    (A) The Department of Transportation.
                    (B) The Consumer Product Safety Commission.
                    (C) The National Institute on Standards and 
                Technology.
                    (D) The Food and Drug Administration.
            (3) Members.--The Secretary shall appoint not more than 8 
        members to the working group with expertise in the safe 
        manufacture, use, or transportation of lithium batteries and 
        cells.
            (4) Subcommittees.--The Secretary, or members of the 
        working group, may--
                    (A) establish working group subcommittees to focus 
                on specific issues related to the safe manufacture, 
                use, or transportation of lithium batteries and cells; 
                and
                    (B) include in a subcommittee the participation of 
                nonmember stakeholders with expertise in areas that the 
                Secretary or members consider necessary.
            (5) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date it is 
        established, the working group shall--
                    (A) identify and assess--
                            (i) additional ways to decrease the risk of 
                        fires and explosions from lithium batteries and 
                        cells;
                            (ii) additional ways to ensure uniform 
                        transportation requirements for both bulk and 
                        individual batteries; and
                            (iii) new or existing technologies that may 
                        reduce the fire and explosion risk of lithium 
                        batteries and cells; and
                    (B) transmit to the appropriate committees of 
                Congress a report on the assessments conducted under 
                subparagraph (A), including any legislative 
                recommendations to effectuate the safety improvements 
                described in clauses (i) through (iii) of that 
                subparagraph.
            (6) Termination.--The working group, and any working group 
        subcommittees, shall terminate 90 days after the date the 
        report is transmitted under paragraph (5).
    (d) Lithium Battery Air Safety Advisory Committee.--
            (1) Establishment.--Not later than 60 days after the date 
        of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall establish, in 
        accordance with the requirements of the Federal Advisory 
        Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.), a lithium ion and lithium metal 
        battery air safety advisory committee (in this subsection 
        referred to as the ``Committee'').
            (2) Duties.--The Committee shall--
                    (A) facilitate communication between manufacturers 
                of lithium ion and lithium metal cells and batteries, 
                manufacturers of products incorporating both large and 
                small lithium ion and lithium metal batteries, air 
                carriers, and the Federal Government regarding the safe 
                air transportation of lithium ion and lithium metal 
                cells and batteries and the effectiveness and economic 
                and social impacts of the regulation of such 
                transportation;
                    (B) provide the Secretary, the Federal Aviation 
                Administration, and the Pipeline and Hazardous 
                Materials Safety Administration with timely information 
                about new lithium ion and lithium metal battery 
                technology and transportation safety practices and 
                methodologies;
                    (C) provide a forum for the Secretary to provide 
                information on and to discuss the activities of the 
                Department of Transportation relating to lithium ion 
                and lithium metal battery transportation safety, the 
                policies underlying the activities, and positions to be 
                advocated in international forums;
                    (D) provide a forum for the Secretary to provide 
                information and receive advice on--
                            (i) activities carried out throughout the 
                        world to communicate and enforce relevant 
                        United States regulations and the ICAO 
                        Technical Instructions; and
                            (ii) the effectiveness of the activities;
                    (E) provide advice and recommendations to the 
                Secretary with respect to lithium ion and lithium metal 
                battery air transportation safety, including how best 
                to implement activities to increase awareness of 
                relevant requirements and their importance to travelers 
                and shippers; and
                    (F) review methods to decrease the risk posed by 
                air shipment of undeclared hazardous materials and 
                efforts to educate those who prepare and offer 
                hazardous materials for shipment via air transport.
            (3) Membership.--The Committee shall be composed of the 
        following members:
                    (A) Individuals appointed by the Secretary to 
                represent--
                            (i) large volume manufacturers of lithium 
                        ion and lithium metal cells and batteries;
                            (ii) domestic manufacturers of lithium ion 
                        and lithium metal batteries or battery packs;
                            (iii) manufacturers of consumer products 
                        powered by lithium ion and lithium metal 
                        batteries;
                            (iv) manufacturers of vehicles powered by 
                        lithium ion and lithium metal batteries;
                            (v) marketers of products powered by 
                        lithium ion and lithium metal batteries;
                            (vi) cargo air service providers based in 
                        the United States;
                            (vii) passenger air service providers based 
                        in the United States;
                            (viii) pilots and employees of air service 
                        providers described in clauses (vi) and (vii);
                            (ix) shippers of lithium ion and lithium 
                        metal batteries for air transportation;
                            (x) manufacturers of battery-powered 
                        medical devices or batteries used in medical 
                        devices; and
                            (xi) employees of the Department of 
                        Transportation, including employees of the 
                        Federal Aviation Administration and the 
                        Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety 
                        Administration.
                    (B) Representatives of such other Government 
                departments and agencies as the Secretary determines 
                appropriate.
                    (C) Any other individuals the Secretary determines 
                are appropriate to comply with Federal law.
            (4) Report.--
                    (A) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the 
                establishment of the Committee, the Committee shall 
                submit to the Secretary and the appropriate committees 
                of Congress a report that--
                            (i) describes and evaluates the steps being 
                        taken in the private sector and by 
                        international regulatory authorities to 
                        implement and enforce requirements relating to 
                        the safe transportation by air of bulk 
                        shipments of lithium ion cells and batteries; 
                        and
                            (ii) identifies any areas of enforcement or 
                        regulatory requirements for which there is 
                        consensus that greater attention is needed.
                    (B) Independent statements.--Each member of the 
                Committee shall be provided an opportunity to submit an 
                independent statement of views with the report 
                submitted pursuant to subparagraph (A).
            (5) Meetings.--
                    (A) In general.--The Committee shall meet at the 
                direction of the Secretary and at least twice a year.
                    (B) Preparation for icao meetings.--Notwithstanding 
                subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall convene a meeting 
                of the Committee in connection with and in advance of 
                each meeting of the International Civil Aviation 
                Organization, or any of its panels or working groups, 
                addressing the safety of air transportation of lithium 
                ion and lithium metal batteries to brief Committee 
                members on positions to be taken by the United States 
                at such meeting and provide Committee members a 
                meaningful opportunity to comment.
            (6) Termination.--The Committee shall terminate on the date 
        that is 6 years after the date on which the Committee is 
        established.
            (7) Termination of future of aviation advisory committee.--
        The Future of Aviation Advisory Committee shall terminate on 
        the date on which the lithium ion battery air safety advisory 
        committee is established.
    (e) Cooperative Efforts to Ensure Compliance With Safety 
Regulations.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary of Transportation, in 
        coordination with appropriate Federal agencies, shall carry out 
        cooperative efforts to ensure that shippers who offer lithium 
        ion and lithium metal batteries for air transport to or from 
        the United States comply with U.S. Hazardous Materials 
        Regulations and ICAO Technical Instructions.
            (2) Cooperative efforts.--The cooperative efforts the 
        Secretary shall carry out pursuant to paragraph (1) include the 
        following:
                    (A) Encouraging training programs at locations 
                outside the United States from which substantial cargo 
                shipments of lithium ion or lithium metal batteries 
                originate for manufacturers, freight forwarders, and 
                other shippers and potential shippers of lithium ion 
                and lithium metal batteries.
                    (B) Working with Federal, regional, and 
                international transportation agencies to ensure 
                enforcement of U.S. Hazardous Materials Regulations and 
                ICAO Technical Instructions with respect to shippers 
                who offer noncompliant shipments of lithium ion and 
                lithium metal batteries.
                    (C) Sharing information, as appropriate, with 
                Federal, regional, and international transportation 
                agencies regarding noncompliant shipments.
                    (D) Pursuing a joint effort with the international 
                aviation community to develop a process to obtain 
                assurances that appropriate enforcement actions are 
                taken to reduce the likelihood of noncompliant 
                shipments, especially with respect to jurisdictions in 
                which enforcement activities historically have been 
                limited.
                    (E) Providing information in brochures and on the 
                internet in appropriate foreign languages and dialects 
                that describes the actions required to comply with U.S. 
                Hazardous Materials Regulations and ICAO Technical 
                Instructions.
                    (F) Developing joint efforts with the international 
                aviation community to promote a better understanding of 
                the requirements of and methods of compliance with U.S. 
                Hazardous Materials Regulations and ICAO Technical 
                Instructions.
            (3) Reporting.--Not later than 120 days after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter for 2 years, the 
        Secretary shall submit to the appropriate committees of 
        Congress a report on compliance with the policy set forth in 
        subsection (e) and the cooperative efforts carried out, or 
        planned to be carried out, under this subsection.
    (f) Packaging Improvements.--Not later than 180 days after the date 
of enactment of this Act, the Secretary, in consultation with 
interested stakeholders, shall submit to the appropriate committees of 
Congress an evaluation of current practices for the packaging of 
lithium ion batteries and cells for air transportation, including 
recommendations, if any, to improve the packaging of such batteries and 
cells for air transportation in a safe, efficient, and cost-effective 
manner.
    (g) Department of Transportation Policy on International 
Representation.--
            (1) In general.--It shall be the policy of the Department 
        of Transportation to support the participation of industry and 
        labor stakeholders in all panels and working groups of the 
        dangerous goods panel of the ICAO and any other international 
        test or standard setting organization that considers proposals 
        on the safety or transportation of lithium ion and lithium 
        metal batteries in which the United States participates.
            (2) Participation.--The Secretary of Transportation shall 
        request that as part of the ICAO deliberations in the dangerous 
        goods panel on these issues, that appropriate experts on issues 
        under consideration be allowed to participate.
    (h) Definitions.--In this section, the following definitions apply:
            (1) ICAO technical instructions.--The term ``ICAO Technical 
        Instructions'' has the meaning given that term in section 
        828(c) of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49 
        U.S.C. 44701 note).
            (2) U.S. hazardous materials regulations.--The term ``U.S. 
        Hazardous Materials Regulations'' means the regulations in 
        parts 100 through 177 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations 
        (including amendments adopted after the date of enactment of 
        this Act).

SEC. 334. RUNWAY SAFETY.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 6 months after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress a report on improving runway safety.
    (b) Contents.--In the report required under this section, the 
Administrator shall--
            (1) review the relative benefits and risks of requiring the 
        use of runway awareness and advisory systems in turbine-powered 
        airplanes with a maximum takeoff weight greater than 19,000 
        pounds;
            (2) review systems capable of detecting wrong-surface 
        alignment to determine whether the capability exists to detect 
        imminent wrong-surface landings at each airport where such a 
        system is in use;
            (3) describe information gathered from the use of the 
        Airport Surface Surveillance Capability system at San Francisco 
        International Airport since July 2017;
            (4) assess available technologies to determine whether it 
        is feasible, cost-effective, and appropriate to install and 
        deploy, at any airport, systems to provide a direct warning 
        capability to flight crews or air traffic controllers, or both, 
        of potential runway incursions; and
            (5) describe FAA efforts to develop metrics that would 
        allow the FAA to determine whether runway incursions are 
        increasing and to assess the effectiveness of implemented 
        runway safety initiatives.
    (c) Consultation.--The Administrator shall consult with the 
National Transportation Safety Board in developing the report required 
under this section.

SEC. 335. FLIGHT ATTENDANT DUTY PERIOD LIMITATIONS AND REST 
              REQUIREMENTS.

    (a) Modification of Final Rule.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 30 days after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall 
        modify the final rule of the Federal Aviation Administration 
        published in the Federal Register on August 19, 1994 (59 Fed. 
        Reg. 42974; relating to flight attendant duty period 
        limitations and rest requirements) in accordance with the 
        requirements of this subsection.
            (2) Contents.--The final rule, as modified under paragraph 
        (1), shall ensure that--
                    (A) a flight attendant scheduled to a duty period 
                of 14 hours or less is given a scheduled rest period of 
                at least 10 consecutive hours; and
                    (B) the rest period is not reduced under any 
                circumstances.
    (b) Fatigue Risk Management Plan.--
            (1) Submission of plan by part 121 air carriers.--Not later 
        than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, each air 
        carrier operating under part 121 of title 14, Code of Federal 
        Regulations (in this section referred to as a ``part 121 air 
        carrier''), shall submit to the Administrator of the Federal 
        Aviation Administration for review and acceptance a fatigue 
        risk management plan for the carrier's flight attendants.
            (2) Contents of plan.--A fatigue risk management plan 
        submitted by a part 121 air carrier under paragraph (1) shall 
        include the following:
                    (A) Current flight time and duty period 
                limitations.
                    (B) A rest scheme consistent with such limitations 
                that enables the management of flight attendant 
                fatigue, including annual training to increase 
                awareness of--
                            (i) fatigue;
                            (ii) the effects of fatigue on flight 
                        attendants; and
                            (iii) fatigue countermeasures.
                    (C) Development and use of a methodology that 
                continually assesses the effectiveness of 
                implementation of the plan, including the ability of 
                the plan--
                            (i) to improve alertness; and
                            (ii) to mitigate performance errors.
            (3) Review.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall review and 
        accept or reject each fatigue risk management plan submitted 
        under this subsection. If the Administrator rejects a plan, the 
        Administrator shall provide suggested modifications for 
        resubmission of the plan.
            (4) Plan updates.--
                    (A) In general.--A part 121 air carrier shall 
                update its fatigue risk management plan under paragraph 
                (1) every 2 years and submit the update to the 
                Administrator for review and acceptance.
                    (B) Review.--Not later than 1 year after the date 
                of submission of a plan update under subparagraph (A), 
                the Administrator shall review and accept or reject the 
                update. If the Administrator rejects an update, the 
                Administrator shall provide suggested modifications for 
                resubmission of the update.
            (5) Compliance.--A part 121 air carrier shall comply with 
        the fatigue risk management plan of the air carrier that is 
        accepted by the Administrator under this subsection.
            (6) Civil penalties.--A violation of this subsection by a 
        part 121 air carrier shall be treated as a violation of chapter 
        447 of title 49, United States Code, for purposes of the 
        application of civil penalties under chapter 463 of that title.

SEC. 336. SECONDARY COCKPIT BARRIERS.

    (a) Short Title.--This section may be cited as the ``Saracini 
Aviation Safety Act of 2018''.
    (b) Requirement.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
Administration shall issue an order requiring installation of a 
secondary cockpit barrier on each new aircraft that is manufactured for 
delivery to a passenger air carrier in the United States operating 
under the provisions of part 121 of title 14, Code of Federal 
Regulations.

SEC. 337. AIRCRAFT CABIN EVACUATION PROCEDURES.

    (a) Review.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
Administration shall review--
            (1) evacuation certification of transport-category aircraft 
        used in air transportation, with regard to--
                    (A) emergency conditions, including impacts into 
                water;
                    (B) crew procedures used for evacuations under 
                actual emergency conditions;
                    (C) any relevant changes to passenger demographics 
                and legal requirements, including the Americans with 
                Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12101 et seq.), 
                that affect emergency evacuations; and
                    (D) any relevant changes to passenger seating 
                configurations, including changes to seat width, 
                padding, reclining, size, pitch, leg room, and aisle 
                width; and
            (2) recent accidents and incidents in which passengers 
        evacuated such aircraft.
    (b) Consultation; Review of Data.--In conducting the review under 
subsection (a), the Administrator shall--
            (1) consult with the National Transportation Safety Board, 
        transport-category aircraft manufacturers, air carriers, and 
        other relevant experts and Federal agencies, including groups 
        representing passengers, airline crew members, maintenance 
        employees, and emergency responders; and
            (2) review relevant data with respect to evacuation 
        certification of transport-category aircraft.
    (c) Report to Congress.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress a report on the results of the 
review under subsection (a) and related recommendations, if any, 
including recommendations for revisions to the assumptions and methods 
used for assessing evacuation certification of transport-category 
aircraft.

SEC. 338. SENSE OF CONGRESS.

    It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) each air carrier should have in place policies and 
        procedures to address sexual misconduct, including policies and 
        procedures to--
                    (B) facilitate the reporting of sexual misconduct 
                to appropriate law enforcement agencies;
                    (C) communicate to personnel and passengers of the 
                air carrier the rights of such individuals with respect 
                to sexual misconduct;
                    (D) train personnel of the air carrier to recognize 
                and respond appropriately to, and to notify the 
                appropriate law enforcement agency of, sexual 
                misconduct; and
                    (E) ensure other appropriate actions are undertaken 
                to respond effectively to sexual misconduct; and
            (2) individuals who perpetrate sexual misconduct should be 
        held accountable under all applicable Federal and State laws.

SEC. 339. CIVIL PENALTIES FOR INTERFERENCE.

    (a) Interference With Cabin or Flight Crew.--Section 46318(a) of 
title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by inserting ``or sexually'' after ``physically'' each 
        place it appears; and
            (2) by striking ``$25,000'' and inserting ``$35,000''.

SEC. 339A. NATIONAL IN-FLIGHT SEXUAL MISCONDUCT TASK FORCE.

    (a) Establishment of Task Force.--The Secretary of Transportation 
shall establish a task force, to be known as the ``National In-Flight 
Sexual Misconduct Task Force'' (referred to in this section as ``Task 
Force'') to--
            (1) review current practices, protocols and requirements of 
        air carriers in responding to allegations of sexual misconduct 
        by passengers onboard aircraft, including training, reporting 
        and data collection; and
            (2) provide recommendations on training, reporting and data 
        collection regarding allegations of sexual misconduct occurring 
        on passenger airline flights that are informed by the review of 
        information described in paragraph (1) and subsection (c)(5) on 
        passengers who have experienced sexual misconduct onboard 
        aircraft.
    (b) Membership.--The Task Force shall be composed of, at a minimum, 
representatives from--
            (1) Department of Transportation;
            (2) Department of Justice, including the Federal Bureau of 
        Investigation, Office of Victims for Crimes, and the Office on 
        Violence Against Women;
            (3) National organizations that specialize in providing 
        services to sexual assault victims;
            (4) labor organizations that represent flight attendants;
            (5) labor organizations that represent pilots;
            (6) airports;
            (7) air carriers;
            (8) State and local law enforcement agencies; and
            (9) such other Federal agencies and stakeholder 
        organizations as the Secretary of Transportation considers 
        appropriate.
    (c) Purpose of Task Force.--The purpose of the Task Force shall be 
to--
            (1) issue recommendations for addressing allegations of 
        sexual misconduct by passengers onboard aircraft, including 
        airline employee and contractor training;
            (2) issue recommendations on effective ways for passengers 
        involved in incidents of alleged sexual misconduct to report 
        such allegation of sexual misconduct;
            (3) issue recommendations on how to most effectively 
        provide data on instances of alleged sexual misconduct onboard 
        aircraft and to whom the data collected should be reported in a 
        manner that protects the privacy and confidentiality of 
        individuals involved in incidents of alleged sexual misconduct 
        and precludes the release of data that publically identifies an 
        individual air carrier to enable better understanding of the 
        frequency and severity of such misconduct;
            (4) issue recommendations for flight attendants, pilots, 
        and other appropriate airline personnel on law enforcement 
        notification in incidents of alleged sexual misconduct;
            (5) review and utilize first-hand accounts from passengers 
        who have experienced sexual misconduct onboard aircraft; and
            (6) other matters deemed necessary by the Task Force.
    (d) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Task Force shall submit a report with its recommendations 
and findings developed pursuant to subsection (c) to the Secretary of 
Transportation.
    (e) Plan.--Not later than 180 days after receiving the report 
required under subsection (d) the Secretary of Transportation, in 
coordination with relevant federal agencies, shall submit to 
appropriate committees of Congress a plan to address the 
recommendations in the report required under subsection (d). The 
Secretary of Transportation shall make changes to guidance, policies 
and regulations, as necessary, within 1 year of submitting the plan 
required in this subsection.
    (f) Regulations.--Not later than 1 year after submitting the plan 
required in this subsection, the Secretary of Transportation may issue 
regulations as deemed necessary to require each air carrier and other 
covered entity to develop a policy concerning sexual misconduct in 
accordance with the recommendations and findings of the Task Force 
under subsection (c).
    (g) Sunset.--The Task Force established pursuant to subsection (a) 
shall terminate upon the submission of the report pursuant to 
subsection (d).

SEC. 339B. REPORTING PROCESS FOR SEXUAL MISCONDUCT ONBOARD AIRCRAFT.

    (a) In General.--Not later than two years after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Attorney General, in coordination with 
relevant Federal agencies, shall establish a streamlined process, based 
on the plan required under section 339A(e) of this Act, for individuals 
involved in incidents of alleged sexual misconduct onboard aircraft to 
report such allegations of sexual misconduct to law enforcement in a 
manner that protects the privacy and confidentiality of individuals 
involved in such allegations.
    (b) Availability of Reporting Process.--The process for reporting 
established under subsection (a) shall be made available to the public 
on the primary Internet websites of--
            (1) the Office for Victims of Crime and the Office on 
        Violence Against Women of the Department of Justice;
            (2) the Federal Bureau of Investigation; and
            (3) the Department of Transportation.

                 Subtitle B--Unmanned Aircraft Systems

SEC. 341. DEFINITIONS; INTEGRATION OF CIVIL UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS 
              INTO NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM.

    (a) In General.--Part A of subtitle VII of title 49, United States 
Code, is amended by inserting after chapter 447 the following:

                ``CHAPTER 448--UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS

``Sec.
``44801. Definitions.
``44802. Integration of civil unmanned aircraft systems into national 
                            airspace system.
``Sec. 44801. Definitions
    ``In this chapter, the following definitions apply:
            ``(1) Actively tethered unmanned aircraft system.--The term 
        `actively tethered unmanned aircraft system' means an unmanned 
        aircraft system in which the unmanned aircraft component--
                    ``(A) weighs 4.4 pounds or less, including payload 
                but not including the tether;
                    ``(B) is physically attached to a ground station 
                with a taut, appropriately load-rated tether that 
                provides continuous power to the unmanned aircraft and 
                is unlikely to be separated from the unmanned aircraft; 
                and
                    ``(C) is controlled and retrieved by such ground 
                station through physical manipulation of the tether.
            ``(2) Appropriate committees of congress.--The term 
        `appropriate committees of Congress' means the Committee on 
        Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the 
        Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of 
        Representatives.
            ``(3) Arctic.--The term `Arctic' means the United States 
        zone of the Chukchi Sea, Beaufort Sea, and Bering Sea north of 
        the Aleutian chain.
            ``(4) Certificate of waiver; certificate of 
        authorization.--The terms `certificate of waiver' and 
        `certificate of authorization' mean a Federal Aviation 
        Administration grant of approval for a specific flight 
        operation.
            ``(5) Counter-UAS system.--The term `counter-UAS system' 
        means a system or device capable of lawfully and safely 
        disabling, disrupting, or seizing control of an unmanned 
        aircraft or unmanned aircraft system.
            ``(6) Permanent areas.--The term `permanent areas' means 
        areas on land or water that provide for launch, recovery, and 
        operation of small unmanned aircraft.
            ``(7) Public unmanned aircraft system.--The term `public 
        unmanned aircraft system' means an unmanned aircraft system 
        that meets the qualifications and conditions required for 
        operation of a public aircraft.
            ``(8) Sense and avoid capability.--The term `sense and 
        avoid capability' means the capability of an unmanned aircraft 
        to remain a safe distance from and to avoid collisions with 
        other airborne aircraft, structures on the ground, and other 
        objects.
            ``(9) Small unmanned aircraft.--The term `small unmanned 
        aircraft' means an unmanned aircraft weighing less than 55 
        pounds, including the weight of anything attached to or carried 
        by the aircraft.
            ``(10) Test range.--The term `test range' means a defined 
        geographic area where research and development are conducted as 
        authorized by the Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
        Administration, and includes any of the 6 test ranges 
        established by the Administrator under section 332(c) of the 
        FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 40101 
        note), as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of 
        the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018, and any public entity 
        authorized by the Federal Aviation Administration as an 
        unmanned aircraft system flight test center before January 1, 
        2009.
            ``(11) Unmanned aircraft.--The term `unmanned aircraft' 
        means an aircraft that is operated without the possibility of 
        direct human intervention from within or on the aircraft.
            ``(12) Unmanned aircraft system.--The term `unmanned 
        aircraft system' means an unmanned aircraft and associated 
        elements (including communication links and the components that 
        control the unmanned aircraft) that are required for the 
        operator to operate safely and efficiently in the national 
        airspace system.
            ``(13) UTM.--The term `UTM' means an unmanned aircraft 
        system traffic management system or service.
``Sec. 44802. Integration of civil unmanned aircraft systems into 
              national airspace system
    ``(a) Required Planning for Integration.--
            ``(1) Comprehensive plan.--Not later than November 10, 
        2012, the Secretary of Transportation, in consultation with 
        representatives of the aviation industry, Federal agencies that 
        employ unmanned aircraft systems technology in the national 
        airspace system, and the unmanned aircraft systems industry, 
        shall develop a comprehensive plan to safely accelerate the 
        integration of civil unmanned aircraft systems into the 
        national airspace system.
            ``(2) Contents of plan.--The plan required under paragraph 
        (1) shall contain, at a minimum, recommendations or projections 
        on--
                    ``(A) the rulemaking to be conducted under 
                subsection (b), with specific recommendations on how 
                the rulemaking will--
                            ``(i) define the acceptable standards for 
                        operation and certification of civil unmanned 
                        aircraft systems;
                            ``(ii) ensure that any civil unmanned 
                        aircraft system includes a sense-and-avoid 
                        capability; and
                            ``(iii) establish standards and 
                        requirements for the operator and pilot of a 
                        civil unmanned aircraft system, including 
                        standards and requirements for registration and 
                        licensing;
                    ``(B) the best methods to enhance the technologies 
                and subsystems necessary to achieve the safe and 
                routine operation of civil unmanned aircraft systems in 
                the national airspace system;
                    ``(C) a phased-in approach to the integration of 
                civil unmanned aircraft systems into the national 
                airspace system;
                    ``(D) a timeline for the phased-in approach 
                described under subparagraph (C);
                    ``(E) creation of a safe airspace designation for 
                cooperative manned and unmanned flight operations in 
                the national airspace system;
                    ``(F) establishment of a process to develop 
                certification, flight standards, and air traffic 
                requirements for civil unmanned aircraft systems at 
                test ranges where such systems are subject to testing;
                    ``(G) the best methods to ensure the safe operation 
                of civil unmanned aircraft systems and public unmanned 
                aircraft systems simultaneously in the national 
                airspace system; and
                    ``(H) incorporation of the plan into the annual 
                NextGen Implementation Plan document (or any successor 
                document) of the Federal Aviation Administration.
            ``(3) Deadline.--The plan required under paragraph (1) 
        shall provide for the safe integration of civil unmanned 
        aircraft systems into the national airspace system as soon as 
        practicable, but not later than September 30, 2015.
            ``(4) Report to congress.--Not later than February 14, 
        2013, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a copy of the plan 
        required under paragraph (1).
            ``(5) Roadmap.--Not later than February 14, 2013, the 
        Secretary shall approve and make available in print and on the 
        Administration's internet website a 5-year roadmap for the 
        introduction of civil unmanned aircraft systems into the 
        national airspace system, as coordinated by the Unmanned 
        Aircraft Program Office of the Administration. The Secretary 
        shall update, in coordination with the Administrator of the 
        National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and 
        relevant stakeholders, including those in industry and 
        academia, the roadmap annually. The roadmap shall include, at a 
        minimum--
                    ``(A) cost estimates, planned schedules, and 
                performance benchmarks, including specific tasks, 
                milestones, and timelines, for unmanned aircraft 
                systems integration into the national airspace system, 
                including an identification of--
                            ``(i) the role of the unmanned aircraft 
                        systems test ranges established under 
                        subsection (c) and the Unmanned Aircraft 
                        Systems Center of Excellence;
                            ``(ii) performance objectives for unmanned 
                        aircraft systems that operate in the national 
                        airspace system; and
                            ``(iii) research and development priorities 
                        for tools that could assist air traffic 
                        controllers as unmanned aircraft systems are 
                        integrated into the national airspace system, 
                        as appropriate;
                    ``(B) a description of how the Administration plans 
                to use research and development, including research and 
                development conducted through NASA's Unmanned Aircraft 
                Systems Traffic Management initiatives, to accommodate, 
                integrate, and provide for the evolution of unmanned 
                aircraft systems in the national airspace system;
                    ``(C) an assessment of critical performance 
                abilities necessary to integrate unmanned aircraft 
                systems into the national airspace system, and how 
                these performance abilities can be demonstrated; and
                    ``(D) an update on the advancement of technologies 
                needed to integrate unmanned aircraft systems into the 
                national airspace system, including decisionmaking by 
                adaptive systems, such as sense-and-avoid capabilities 
                and cyber physical systems security.
    ``(b) Rulemaking.--Not later than 18 months after the date on which 
the plan required under subsection (a)(1) is submitted to Congress 
under subsection (a)(4), the Secretary shall publish in the Federal 
Register--
            ``(1) a final rule on small unmanned aircraft systems that 
        will allow for civil operation of such systems in the national 
        airspace system, to the extent the systems do not meet the 
        requirements for expedited operational authorization under 
        section 44807;
            ``(2) a notice of proposed rulemaking to implement the 
        recommendations of the plan required under subsection (a)(1), 
        with the final rule to be published not later than 16 months 
        after the date of publication of the notice; and
            ``(3) an update to the Administration's most recent policy 
        statement on unmanned aircraft systems, contained in Docket No. 
        FAA-2006-25714.''.
    (b) Technical and Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) Table of chapters.--The table of chapters for subtitle 
        VII of title 49, United States Code, is amended by inserting 
        after the item relating to chapter 447 the following:

``448 . Unmanned aircraft systems...........................   44801''.
            (2) Repeal.--Section 332 of the FAA Modernization and 
        Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 40101 note) and the item relating 
        to that section in the table of contents under section 1(b) of 
        that Act are repealed.

SEC. 342. UPDATE OF FAA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 270 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall update the 
comprehensive plan described in section 44802 of title 49, United 
States Code, to develop a concept of operations for the integration of 
unmanned aircraft into the national airspace system.
    (b) Considerations.--In carrying out the update under subsection 
(a), the Secretary shall consider, at a minimum--
            (1) the potential use of UTM and other technologies to 
        ensure the safe and lawful operation of unmanned aircraft in 
        the national airspace system;
            (2) the appropriate roles, responsibilities, and 
        authorities of government agencies and the private sector in 
        identifying and reporting unlawful or harmful operations and 
        operators of unmanned aircraft;
            (3) the use of models, threat assessments, probabilities, 
        and other methods to distinguish between lawful and unlawful 
        operations of unmanned aircraft; and
            (4) appropriate systems, training, intergovernmental 
        processes, protocols, and procedures to mitigate risks and 
        hazards posed by unlawful or harmful operations of unmanned 
        aircraft systems.
    (c) Consultation.--The Secretary shall carry out the update under 
subsection (a) in consultation with representatives of the aviation 
industry, Federal agencies that employ unmanned aircraft systems 
technology in the national airspace system, and the unmanned aircraft 
systems industry.
    (d) Program Alignment Report.--Not later than 90 days after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress, a report that describes a strategy 
to--
            (1) avoid duplication;
            (2) leverage capabilities learned across programs;
            (3) support the safe integration of UAS into the national 
        airspace; and
            (4) systematically and timely implement or execute--
                    (A) commercially-operated Low Altitude 
                Authorization and Notification Capability;
                    (B) the Unmanned Aircraft System Integration Pilot 
                Program; and
                    (C) the Unmanned Traffic Management Pilot Program.

SEC. 343. UNMANNED AIRCRAFT TEST RANGES.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 448 of title 49, United States Code, as 
added by this Act, is further amended by adding at the end the 
following:
``Sec. 44803. Unmanned aircraft test ranges
    ``(a) In General.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
Administration shall carry out and update, as appropriate, a program 
for the use of the test ranges to facilitate the safe integration of 
unmanned aircraft systems into the national airspace system.
    ``(b) Program Requirements.--In carrying out the program under 
subsection (a), the Administrator shall--
            ``(1) designate airspace for safely testing the integration 
        of unmanned flight operations in the national airspace system;
            ``(2) develop operational standards and air traffic 
        requirements for unmanned flight operations at test ranges;
            ``(3) coordinate with, and leverage the resources of, the 
        National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the 
        Department of Defense;
            ``(4) address both civil and public unmanned aircraft 
        systems;
            ``(5) ensure that the program is coordinated with relevant 
        aspects of the Next Generation Air Transportation System;
            ``(6) provide for verification of the safety of unmanned 
        aircraft systems and related navigation procedures as it 
        relates to continued development of standards for integration 
        into the national airspace system;
            ``(7) engage test range operators, as necessary and within 
        available resources, in projects for research, development, 
        testing, and evaluation of unmanned aircraft systems to 
        facilitate the Federal Aviation Administration's development of 
        standards for the safe integration of unmanned aircraft into 
        the national airspace system, which may include solutions for--
                    ``(A) developing and enforcing geographic and 
                altitude limitations;
                    ``(B) providing for alerts by the manufacturer of 
                an unmanned aircraft system regarding any hazards or 
                limitations on flight, including prohibition on flight 
                as necessary;
                    ``(C) sense and avoid capabilities;
                    ``(D) beyond-visual-line-of-sight operations, 
                nighttime operations, operations over people, operation 
                of multiple small unmanned aircraft systems, and 
                unmanned aircraft systems traffic management, or other 
                critical research priorities; and
                    ``(E) improving privacy protections through the use 
                of advances in unmanned aircraft systems technology;
            ``(8) coordinate periodically with all test range operators 
        to ensure test range operators know which data should be 
        collected, what procedures should be followed, and what 
        research would advance efforts to safely integrate unmanned 
        aircraft systems into the national airspace system;
            ``(9) streamline to the extent practicable the approval 
        process for test ranges when processing unmanned aircraft 
        certificates of waiver or authorization for operations at the 
        test sites;
            ``(10) require each test range operator to protect 
        proprietary technology, sensitive data, or sensitive research 
        of any civil or private entity when using that test range 
        without the need to obtain an experimental or special 
        airworthiness certificate;
            ``(11) allow test range operators to receive Federal 
        funding, other than from the Federal Aviation Administration, 
        including in-kind contributions, from test range participants 
        in the furtherance of research, development, and testing 
        objectives.
    ``(c) Waivers.--In carrying out this section the Administrator may 
waive the requirements of section 44711 of title 49, United States 
Code, including related regulations, to the extent consistent with 
aviation safety.
    ``(d) Review of Operations by Test Range Operators.--The operator 
of each test range under subsection (a) shall--
            ``(1) review the operations of unmanned aircraft systems 
        conducted at the test range, including--
                    ``(A) ongoing or completed research; and
                    ``(B) data regarding operations by private and 
                public operators; and
            ``(2) submit to the Administrator, in such form and manner 
        as specified by the Administrator, the results of the review, 
        including recommendations to further enable private research 
        and development operations at the test ranges that contribute 
        to the Federal Aviation Administration's safe integration of 
        unmanned aircraft systems into the national airspace system, on 
        a quarterly basis until the program terminates.
    ``(e) Testing.--The Secretary of Transportation may authorize an 
operator of a test range described in subsection (a) to administer 
testing requirements established by the Administrator for unmanned 
aircraft systems operations.
    ``(f) Collaborative Research and Development Agreements.--The 
Administrator may use the other transaction authority under section 
106(l)(6) and enter into collaborative research and development 
agreements, to direct research related to unmanned aircraft systems, 
including at any test range under subsection (a), and in coordination 
with the Center of Excellence for Unmanned Aircraft Systems.
    ``(g) Use of Center of Excellence for Unmanned Aircraft Systems.--
The Administrator, in carrying out research necessary to implement the 
consensus safety standards requirements in section 44805 shall, to the 
maximum extent practicable, leverage the research and testing capacity 
and capabilities of the Center of Excellence for Unmanned Aircraft 
Systems and the test ranges.
    ``(h) Termination.--The program under this section shall terminate 
on September 30, 2023.''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for chapter 448, as 
added by this Act, is further amended by adding at the end the 
following:

``44803. Unmanned aircraft system test ranges.''.

SEC. 344. SMALL UNMANNED AIRCRAFT IN THE ARCTIC.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 448 of title 49, United States Code, as 
added by this Act, is further amended by adding at the end the 
following:
``Sec. 44804. Small unmanned aircraft in the Arctic
    ``(a) In General.--The Secretary of Transportation shall develop a 
plan and initiate a process to work with relevant Federal agencies and 
national and international communities to designate permanent areas in 
the Arctic where small unmanned aircraft may operate 24 hours per day 
for research and commercial purposes.
    ``(b) Plan Contents.--The plan under subsection (a) shall include 
the development of processes to facilitate the safe operation of small 
unmanned aircraft beyond the visual line of sight.
    ``(c) Requirements.--Each permanent area designated under 
subsection (a) shall enable over-water flights from the surface to at 
least 2,000 feet in altitude, with ingress and egress routes from 
selected coastal launch sites.
    ``(d) Agreements.--To implement the plan under subsection (a), the 
Secretary may enter into an agreement with relevant national and 
international communities.
    ``(e) Aircraft Approval.--
            ``(1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), not later than 
        1 year after the entry into force of an agreement necessary to 
        effectuate the purposes of this section, the Secretary shall 
        work with relevant national and international communities to 
        establish and implement a process for approving the use of a 
        small unmanned aircraft in the designated permanent areas in 
        the Arctic without regard to whether the small unmanned 
        aircraft is used as a public aircraft, a civil aircraft, or a 
        model aircraft.
            ``(2) Existing process.--The Secretary may implement an 
        existing process to meet the requirements under paragraph 
        (1).''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for chapter 448 of 
title 49, United States Code, as added by this Act, is further amended 
by adding at the end the following:

``44804. Small unmanned aircraft in the Arctic.''.

SEC. 345. SMALL UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SAFETY STANDARDS.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 448 of title 49, United States Code, as 
added by this Act, is further amended by adding at the end the 
following:
``Sec. 44805. Small Unmanned aircraft safety standards
    ``(a) FAA Process for Acceptance and Authorization.--The 
Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall establish a 
process for--
            ``(1) accepting risk-based consensus safety standards 
        related to the design, production, and modification of small 
        unmanned aircraft systems;
            ``(2) authorizing the operation of small unmanned aircraft 
        system make and model designed, produced, or modified in 
        accordance with the consensus safety standards accepted under 
        paragraph (1);
            ``(3) authorizing a manufacturer to self-certify a small 
        unmanned aircraft system make or model that complies with 
        consensus safety standards accepted under paragraph (1); and
            ``(4) certifying a manufacturer of small unmanned aircraft 
        systems, or an employee of such manufacturer, that has 
        demonstrated compliance with the consensus safety standards 
        accepted under paragraph (1) and met any other qualifying 
        criteria, as determined by the Administrator, to alternatively 
        satisfy the requirements of paragraph (1).
    ``(b) Considerations.--Before accepting consensus safety standards 
under subsection (a), the Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
Administration shall consider the following:
            ``(1) Technologies or standards related to geographic 
        limitations, altitude limitations, and sense and avoid 
        capabilities.
            ``(2) Using performance-based requirements.
            ``(3) Assessing varying levels of risk posed by different 
        small unmanned aircraft systems and their operation and 
        tailoring performance-based requirements to appropriately 
        mitigate risk.
            ``(4) Predetermined action to maintain safety in the event 
        that a communications link between a small unmanned aircraft 
        and its operator is lost or compromised.
            ``(5) Detectability and identifiability to pilots, the 
        Federal Aviation Administration, and air traffic controllers, 
        as appropriate.
            ``(6) Means to prevent tampering with or modification of 
        any system, limitation, or other safety mechanism or standard 
        under this section or any other provision of law, including a 
        means to identify any tampering or modification that has been 
        made.
            ``(7) Consensus identification standards under section 2202 
        of the FAA Extension, Safety, and Security Act of 2016 (Public 
        Law 114-190; 130 Stat. 615).
            ``(8) To the extent not considered previously by the 
        consensus body that crafted consensus safety standards, cost-
        benefit and risk analyses of consensus safety standards that 
        may be accepted pursuant to subsection (a) for newly designed 
        small unmanned aircraft systems.
            ``(9) Applicability of consensus safety standards to small 
        unmanned aircraft systems that are not manufactured 
        commercially.
            ``(10) Any technology or standard related to small unmanned 
        aircraft systems that promotes aviation safety.
            ``(11) Any category of unmanned aircraft systems that 
        should be exempt from the consensus safety standards based on 
        risk factors.
    ``(e) Nonapplicability of Other Laws.--The process for authorizing 
the operation of small unmanned aircraft systems under subsection (a) 
may allow for operation of any applicable small unmanned aircraft 
systems within the national airspace system without requiring--
            ``(1) airworthiness certification requirements under 
        section 44704 of this title; or
            ``(2) type certification under part 21 of title 14, Code of 
        Federal Regulations.
    ``(f) Revocation.--The Administrator may suspend or revoke the 
authorizations in subsection (a) if the Administrator determines that 
the manufacturer or the small unmanned aircraft system is no longer in 
compliance with the standards accepted by the Administrator under 
subsection (a)(1) or with the manufacturer's statement of compliance 
under subsection (h).
    ``(g) Requirements.--With regard to an authorization under the 
processes in subsection (a), the Administrator may require a 
manufacturer of small unmanned aircraft systems to provide the Federal 
Aviation Administration with the following:
            ``(1) The aircraft system's operating instructions.
            ``(2) The aircraft system's recommended maintenance and 
        inspection procedures.
            ``(3) The manufacturer's statement of compliance described 
        in subsection (h).
            ``(4) Upon request, a sample aircraft to be inspected by 
        the Federal Aviation Administration to ensure compliance with 
        the consensus safety standards accepted by the Administrator 
        under subsection (a).
    ``(h) Manufacturer's Statement of Compliance for Small UAS.--A 
manufacturer's statement of compliance shall--
            ``(1) identify the aircraft make, model, range of serial 
        numbers, and any applicable consensus safety standards used and 
        accepted by the Administrator;
            ``(2) state that the aircraft make and model meets the 
        provisions of the consensus safety standards identified in 
        paragraph (1);
            ``(3) state that the aircraft make and model conforms to 
        the manufacturer's design data and is manufactured in a way 
        that ensures consistency across units in the production process 
        in order to meet the applicable consensus safety standards 
        accepted by the Administrator;
            ``(4) state that the manufacturer will make available to 
        the Administrator, operators, or customers--
                    ``(A) the aircraft's operating instructions, which 
                conform to the consensus safety standards identified in 
                paragraph (1); and
                    ``(B) the aircraft's recommended maintenance and 
                inspection procedures, which conform to the consensus 
                safety standards identified in paragraph (1);
            ``(5) state that the manufacturer will monitor safety-of-
        flight issues and take action to ensure it meets the consensus 
        safety standards identified in paragraph (1) and report these 
        issues and subsequent actions to the Administrator;
            ``(6) state that at the request of the Administrator, the 
        manufacturer will provide reasonable access for the 
        Administrator to its facilities for the purposes of overseeing 
        compliance with this section; and
            ``(7) state that the manufacturer, in accordance with the 
        consensus safety standards accepted by the Federal Aviation 
        Administration, has--
                    ``(A) ground and flight tested random samples of 
                the aircraft;
                    ``(B) found the sample aircraft performance 
                acceptable; and
                    ``(C) determined that the make and model of 
                aircraft is suitable for safe operation.
    ``(i) Prohibitions.--
            ``(1) False statements of compliance.--It shall be unlawful 
        for any person to knowingly submit a statement of compliance 
        described in subsection (h) that is fraudulent or intentionally 
        false.
            ``(2) Introduction into interstate commerce.--Unless the 
        Administrator determines operation of an unmanned aircraft 
        system may be conducted without an airworthiness certificate or 
        permission, authorization, or approval under subsection (a), it 
        shall be unlawful for any person to knowingly introduce or 
        deliver for introduction into interstate commerce any small 
        unmanned aircraft system that is manufactured after the date 
        that the Administrator accepts consensus safety standards under 
        this section unless--
                    ``(A) the make and model has been authorized for 
                operation under subsection (a); or
                    ``(B) the aircraft has alternatively received 
                design and production approval issued by the Federal 
                Aviation Administration.
    ``(j) Exclusions.--The Administrator may exempt from the 
requirements of this section small unmanned aircraft systems that are 
not capable of navigating beyond the visual line of sight of the 
operator through advanced flight systems and technology, if the 
Administrator determines that such an exemption does not pose a risk to 
the safety of the national airspace system.''.
    (b) Unmanned Aircraft Systems Research Facility.--The Center of 
Excellence for Unmanned Aircraft Systems shall establish an unmanned 
aircraft systems research facility to study appropriate safety 
standards for unmanned aircraft systems and to validate such standards, 
as directed by the Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
Administration, consistent with section 44805 of title 49, United 
States Code, as added by this section.
    (c) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for chapter 448 of 
title 49, United States Code, as added by this Act, is further amended 
by adding at the end the following:

``44805. Small unmanned aircraft safety standards.''.

SEC. 346. PUBLIC UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 448 of title 49, United States Code, as 
added by this Act, is further amended by adding at the end the 
following:
``Sec. 44806. Public unmanned aircraft systems
    ``(a) Guidance.--The Secretary of Transportation shall issue 
guidance regarding the operation of a public unmanned aircraft system--
            ``(1) to streamline and expedite the process for the 
        issuance of a certificate of authorization or a certificate of 
        waiver;
            ``(2) to facilitate the capability of public agencies to 
        develop and use test ranges, subject to operating restrictions 
        required by the Federal Aviation Administration, to test and 
        operate public unmanned aircraft systems; and
            ``(3) to provide guidance on a public agency's 
        responsibilities when operating an unmanned aircraft without a 
        civil airworthiness certificate issued by the Administration.
    ``(b) Agreements With Government Agencies.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall enter into an 
        agreement with each appropriate public agency to simplify the 
        process for issuing a certificate of waiver or a certificate of 
        authorization with respect to an application for authorization 
        to operate a public unmanned aircraft system in the national 
        airspace system.
            ``(2) Contents.--An agreement under paragraph (1) shall--
                    ``(A) with respect to an application described in 
                paragraph (1)--
                            ``(i) provide for an expedited review of 
                        the application;
                            ``(ii) require a decision by the 
                        Administrator on approval or disapproval not 
                        later than 60 business days after the date of 
                        submission of the application; and
                            ``(iii) allow for an expedited appeal if 
                        the application is disapproved;
                    ``(B) allow for a one-time approval of similar 
                operations carried out during a fixed period of time; 
                and
                    ``(C) allow a government public safety agency to 
                operate an unmanned aircraft weighing 4.4 pounds or 
                less if that unmanned aircraft is operated--
                            ``(i) within or beyond the visual line of 
                        sight of the operator;
                            ``(ii) less than 400 feet above the ground;
                            ``(iii) during daylight conditions;
                            ``(iv) within Class G airspace; and
                            ``(v) outside of 5 statute miles from any 
                        airport, heliport, seaplane base, spaceport, or 
                        other location with aviation activities.
    ``(c) Public Actively Tethered Unmanned Aircraft Systems.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date 
        of enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal 
        Aviation Administration shall permit the use of, and may issue 
        guidance regarding, the use of public actively tethered 
        unmanned aircraft systems that are--
                    ``(A) operated at an altitude of less than 150 feet 
                above ground level;
                    ``(B) operated--
                            ``(i) within class G airspace; or
                            ``(ii) at or below the ceiling depicted on 
                        the Federal Aviation Administration's published 
                        UAS facility maps for class B, C, D, or E 
                        surface area airspace;
                    ``(C) not flown directly over non-participating 
                persons;
                    ``(D) operated within visual line of sight of the 
                operator; and
                    ``(E) operated in a manner that does not interfere 
                with and gives way to any other aircraft.
            ``(2) Requirements.--Public actively tethered unmanned 
        aircraft systems may be operated --
                    ``(A) without any requirement to obtain a 
                certificate of authorization, certificate of waiver, or 
                other approval by the Federal Aviation Administration;
                    ``(B) without requiring airman certification under 
                section 44703 of this title or any rule or regulation 
                relating to airman certification; and
                    ``(C) without requiring airworthiness certification 
                under section 44704 of this title or any rule or 
                regulation relating to aircraft certification.
            ``(3) Safety standards.--Public actively tethered unmanned 
        aircraft systems operated within the scope of the guidance 
        issued pursuant to paragraph (1) shall be exempt from the 
        requirements of section 44805 of this title.
            ``(4) Savings provision.--Nothing in this subsection shall 
        be construed to preclude the Administrator of the Federal 
        Aviation Administration from issuing new regulations for public 
        actively tethered unmanned aircraft systems in order to ensure 
        the safety of the national airspace system.
    ``(d) Federal Agency Coordination to Enhance the Public Health and 
Safety Capabilities of Public Unmanned Aircraft Systems.--The 
Administrator shall assist Federal civilian Government agencies that 
operate unmanned aircraft systems within civil-controlled airspace, in 
operationally deploying and integrating sense and avoid capabilities, 
as necessary to operate unmanned aircraft systems safely within the 
national airspace system.''.
    (b) Technical and Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) Table of contents.--The table of contents for chapter 
        448 of title 49, United States Code, as added by this Act, is 
        further amended by adding at the end the following:

``44806. Public unmanned aircraft systems.''.
            (2) Public unmanned aircraft systems.--Section 334 of the 
        FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 40101 note) 
        and the item relating to that section in the table of contents 
        under section 1(b) of that Act (126 Stat. 13) are repealed.
            (3) Facilitating interagency cooperation.--Section 2204(a) 
        of the FAA Extension, Safety, and Security Act of 2016 (Public 
        Law 114-190; 130 Stat. 615) is amended by striking ``section 
        334(c) of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49 
        U.S.C. 40101 note)'' and inserting ``section 44806 of title 49, 
        United States Code''.

SEC. 347. SPECIAL AUTHORITY FOR CERTAIN UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 448 of title 49, United States Code, as 
added by this Act, is further amended by adding at the end the 
following:
``Sec. 44807. Special authority for certain unmanned aircraft systems
    ``(a) In General.--Notwithstanding any other requirement of this 
chapter, the Secretary of Transportation shall use a risk-based 
approach to determine if certain unmanned aircraft systems may operate 
safely in the national airspace system notwithstanding completion of 
the comprehensive plan and rulemaking required by section 44802 or the 
guidance required by section 44806.
    ``(b) Assessment of Unmanned Aircraft Systems.--In making the 
determination under subsection (a), the Secretary shall determine, at a 
minimum--
            ``(1) which types of unmanned aircraft systems, if any, as 
        a result of their size, weight, speed, operational capability, 
        proximity to airports and populated areas, operation over 
        people, and operation within or beyond the visual line of 
        sight, or operation during the day or night, do not create a 
        hazard to users of the national airspace system or the public; 
        and
            ``(2) whether a certificate under section 44703 or section 
        44704 of this title, or a certificate of waiver or certificate 
        of authorization, is required for the operation of unmanned 
        aircraft systems identified under paragraph (1) of this 
        subsection.
    ``(c) Requirements for Safe Operation.--If the Secretary determines 
under this section that certain unmanned aircraft systems may operate 
safely in the national airspace system, the Secretary shall establish 
requirements for the safe operation of such aircraft systems in the 
national airspace system, including operation related to research, 
development, and testing of proprietary systems.
    ``(d) Sunset.--The authority under this section for the Secretary 
to determine if certain unmanned aircraft systems may operate safely in 
the national airspace system terminates effective September 30, 
2023.''.
    (b) Technical and Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) Table of contents.--The table of contents for chapter 
        448, as added by this Act, is further amended by adding at the 
        end the following:

``44807. Special authority for certain unmanned aircraft systems.''.
            (2) Special rules for certain unmanned aircraft systems.--
        Section 333 of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49 
        U.S.C. 40101 note) and the item relating to that section in the 
        table of contents under section 1(b) of that Act (126 Stat. 13) 
        are repealed.

SEC. 348. CARRIAGE OF PROPERTY BY SMALL UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS FOR 
              COMPENSATION OR HIRE.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 448 of title 49, United States Code, as 
added by this Act, is further amended by adding at the end the 
following:
``Sec. 44808. Carriage of property by small unmanned aircraft systems 
              for compensation or hire
    ``(a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
enactment of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018, the Administrator of 
the Federal Aviation Administration shall update existing regulations 
to authorize the carriage of property by operators of small unmanned 
aircraft systems for compensation or hire within the United States.
    ``(b) Contents.--Any rulemaking conducted under subsection (a) 
shall provide for the following:
            ``(1) Use performance-based requirements.
            ``(2) Consider varying levels of risk to other aircraft and 
        to persons and property on the ground posed by different 
        unmanned aircraft systems and their operation and tailor 
        performance-based requirements to appropriately mitigate risk.
            ``(3) Consider the unique characteristics of highly 
        automated, small unmanned aircraft systems.
            ``(4) Include requirements for the safe operation of small 
        unmanned aircraft systems that, at a minimum, address--
                    ``(A) airworthiness of small unmanned aircraft 
                systems;
                    ``(B) qualifications for operators and the type and 
                nature of the operations;
                    ``(C) operating specifications governing the type 
                and nature of the unmanned aircraft system air carrier 
                operations; and
                    ``(D) the views of State, local, and tribal 
                officials related to potential impacts of the carriage 
                of property by operators of small unmanned aircraft 
                systems for compensation or hire within the communities 
                to be served.
            ``(5) Small uas.--The Secretary may amend part 298 of title 
        14, Code of Federal Regulations, to update existing regulations 
        to establish economic authority for the carriage of property by 
        small unmanned aircraft systems for compensation or hire. Such 
        authority shall only require--
                    ``(A) registration with the Department of 
                Transportation;
                    ``(B) authorization from the Federal Aviation 
                Administration to conduct operations; and
                    ``(C) compliance with chapters 401, 411, and 417.
            ``(6) Availability of current certification processes.--
        Pending completion of the rulemaking required in subsection (a) 
        of this section, a person may seek an air carrier operating 
        certificate and certificate of public convenience and 
        necessity, or an exemption from such certificate, using 
        existing processes.''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for chapter 448 of 
title 49, United States Code, as added by this Act, is further amended 
by adding at the end the following:

``44808. Carriage of property by small unmanned aircraft systems for 
                            compensation or hire.''.

SEC. 349. EXCEPTION FOR LIMITED RECREATIONAL OPERATIONS OF UNMANNED 
              AIRCRAFT.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 448 of title 49, United States Code, as 
added by this Act, is further amended by adding at the end the 
following:
``Sec. 44809. Exception for limited recreational operations of unmanned 
              aircraft
    ``(a) In General.--Except as provided in subsection (e), and 
notwithstanding chapter 447 of title 49, United States Code, a person 
may operate a small unmanned aircraft without specific certification or 
operating authority from the Federal Aviation Administration if the 
operation adheres to all of the following limitations:
            ``(1) The aircraft is flown strictly for recreational 
        purposes.
            ``(2) The aircraft is operated in accordance with or within 
        the programming of a community-based organization's set of 
        safety guidelines that are developed in coordination with the 
        Federal Aviation Administration.
            ``(3) The aircraft is flown within the visual line of sight 
        of the person operating the aircraft or a visual observer co-
        located and in direct communication with the operator.
            ``(4) The aircraft is operated in a manner that does not 
        interfere with and gives way to any manned aircraft.
            ``(5) In Class B, Class C, or Class D airspace or within 
        the lateral boundaries of the surface area of Class E airspace 
        designated for an airport, the operator obtains prior 
        authorization from the Administrator or designee before 
        operating and complies with all airspace restrictions and 
        prohibitions.
            ``(6) In Class G airspace, the aircraft is flown from the 
        surface to not more than 400 feet above ground level and 
        complies with all airspace restrictions and prohibitions.
            ``(7) The operator has passed an aeronautical knowledge and 
        safety test described in subsection (g) and maintains proof of 
        test passage to be made available to the Administrator or law 
        enforcement upon request.
            ``(8) The aircraft is registered and marked in accordance 
        with chapter 441 of this title and proof of registration is 
        made available to the Administrator or a designee of the 
        Administrator or law enforcement upon request.
    ``(b) Other Operations.--Unmanned aircraft operations that do not 
conform to the limitations in subsection (a) must comply with all 
statutes and regulations generally applicable to unmanned aircraft and 
unmanned aircraft systems.
    ``(c) Operations at Fixed Sites.--
            ``(1) Operating procedure required.--Persons operating 
        unmanned aircraft under subsection (a) from a fixed site within 
        Class B, Class C, or Class D airspace or within the lateral 
        boundaries of the surface area of Class E airspace designated 
        for an airport, or a community-based organization conducting a 
        sanctioned event within such airspace, shall make the location 
        of the fixed site known to the Administrator and shall 
        establish a mutually agreed upon operating procedure with the 
        air traffic control facility.
            ``(2) Unmanned aircraft weighing more than 55 pounds.--A 
        person may operate an unmanned aircraft weighing more than 55 
        pounds, including the weight of anything attached to or carried 
        by the aircraft, under subsection (a) if--
                    ``(A) the unmanned aircraft complies with standards 
                and limitations developed by a community-based 
                organization and approved by the Administrator; and
                    ``(B) the aircraft is operated from a fixed site as 
                described in paragraph (1).
    ``(d) Updates.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Administrator, in consultation with 
        government, stakeholders, and community-based organizations, 
        shall initiate a process to periodically update the operational 
        parameters under subsection (a), as appropriate.
            ``(2) Considerations.--In updating an operational parameter 
        under paragraph (1), the Administrator shall consider--
                    ``(A) appropriate operational limitations to 
                mitigate risks to aviation safety and national 
                security, including risk to the uninvolved public and 
                critical infrastructure;
                    ``(B) operations outside the membership, 
                guidelines, and programming of a community-based 
                organization;
                    ``(C) physical characteristics, technical 
                standards, and classes of aircraft operating under this 
                section;
                    ``(D) trends in use, enforcement, or incidents 
                involving unmanned aircraft systems;
                    ``(E) ensuring, to the greatest extent practicable, 
                that updates to the operational parameters correspond 
                to, and leverage, advances in technology; and
                    ``(F) equipage requirements that facilitate safe, 
                efficient, and secure operations and further integrate 
                all unmanned aircraft into the national airspace 
                system.
            ``(3) Savings clause.--Nothing in this subsection shall be 
        construed as expanding the authority of the Administrator to 
        require a person operating an unmanned aircraft under this 
        section to seek permissive authority of the Administrator, 
        beyond that required in subsection (a) of this section, prior 
        to operation in the national airspace system.
    ``(e) Statutory Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be 
construed to limit the authority of the Administrator to pursue an 
enforcement action against a person operating any unmanned aircraft who 
endangers the safety of the national airspace system.
    ``(f) Exceptions.--Nothing in this section prohibits the 
Administrator from promulgating rules generally applicable to unmanned 
aircraft, including those unmanned aircraft eligible for the exception 
set forth in this section, relating to--
            ``(1) updates to the operational parameters for unmanned 
        aircraft in subsection (a);
            ``(2) the registration and marking of unmanned aircraft;
            ``(3) the standards for remotely identifying owners and 
        operators of unmanned aircraft systems and associated unmanned 
        aircraft; and
            ``(4) other standards consistent with maintaining the 
        safety and security of the national airspace system.
    ``(g) Aeronautical Knowledge and Safety Test.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date 
        of enactment of this section, the Administrator, in 
        consultation with manufacturers of unmanned aircraft systems, 
        other industry stakeholders, and community-based organizations, 
        shall develop an aeronautical knowledge and safety test, which 
        can then be administered electronically by the Administrator, a 
        community-based organization, or a person designated by the 
        Administrator.
            ``(2) Requirements.--The Administrator shall ensure the 
        aeronautical knowledge and safety test is designed to 
        adequately demonstrate an operator's--
                    ``(A) understanding of aeronautical safety 
                knowledge; and
                    ``(B) knowledge of Federal Aviation Administration 
                regulations and requirements pertaining to the 
                operation of an unmanned aircraft system in the 
                national airspace system.
    ``(h) Community-based Organization Defined.--In this section, the 
term `community-based organization' means a membership-based 
association entity that--
            ``(1) is described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal 
        Revenue Code of 1986;
            ``(2) is exempt from tax under section 501(a) of the 
        Internal Revenue Code of 1986;
            ``(3) the mission of which is demonstrably the furtherance 
        of model aviation;
            ``(4) provides a comprehensive set of safety guidelines for 
        all aspects of model aviation addressing the assembly and 
        operation of model aircraft and that emphasize safe 
        aeromodelling operations within the national airspace system 
        and the protection and safety of individuals and property on 
        the ground, and may provide a comprehensive set of safety rules 
        and programming for the operation of unmanned aircraft that 
        have the advanced flight capabilities enabling active, 
        sustained, and controlled navigation of the aircraft beyond 
        visual line of sight of the operator;
            ``(5) provides programming and support for any local 
        charter organizations, affiliates, or clubs; and
            ``(6) provides assistance and support in the development 
        and operation of locally designated model aircraft flying 
        sites.
    ``(i) Recognition of Community-based Organizations.--In 
collaboration with aeromodelling stakeholders, the Administrator shall 
publish an advisory circular within 180 days of the date of enactment 
of this section that identifies the criteria and process required for 
recognition of community-based organizations.''.
    (b) Technical and Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) Table of contents.--The table of contents for chapter 
        448 of title 49, United States Code, as added by this Act, is 
        further amended by adding at the end the following:

``44809. Exception for limited recreational operations of unmanned 
                            aircraft.''.
            (2) Repeal.--Section 336 of the FAA Modernization and 
        Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 40101 note) and the item relating 
        to that section in the table of contents under section 1(b) of 
        that Act are repealed.

SEC. 350. USE OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS AT INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER 
              EDUCATION.

    (a) Educational and Research Purposes.--For the purposes of section 
44809 of title 49, United States Code, as added by this Act, a 
``recreational purpose'' as distinguished in subsection (a)(1) of such 
section shall include an unmanned aircraft system operated by an 
institution of higher education for educational or research purposes.
    (b) Updates.--In updating an operational parameter under subsection 
(d)(1) of such section for unmanned aircraft systems operated by an 
institution of higher education for educational or research purposes, 
the Administrator shall consider--
            (1) use of small unmanned aircraft systems and operations 
        at an accredited institution of higher education, for 
        educational or research purposes, as a component of the 
        institution's curricula or research;
            (2) the development of streamlined, risk-based operational 
        approval for unmanned aircraft systems operated by institutions 
        of higher education; and
            (3) the airspace and aircraft operators that may be 
        affected by such operations at the institution of higher 
        education.
    (c) Deadline for Establishment of Procedures and Standards.--Not 
later than 270 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration may establish 
regulations, procedures, and standards, as necessary, to facilitate the 
safe operation of unmanned aircraft systems operated by institutions of 
higher education for educational or research purposes.
    (d) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Institution of higher education.--The term 
        ``institution of higher education'' has the meaning given to 
        that term by section 101(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 
        (20 U.S.C. 1001(a)).
            (2) Educational or research purposes.--The term ``education 
        or research purposes'', with respect to the operation of an 
        unmanned aircraft system by an institution of higher education, 
        includes--
                    (A) instruction of students at the institution;
                    (B) academic or research related uses of unmanned 
                aircraft systems that have been approved by the 
                institution, including Federal research;
                    (C) activities undertaken by the institution as 
                part of research projects, including research projects 
                sponsored by the Federal Government; and
                    (D) other academic activities approved by the 
                institution.
    (e) Statutory Construction.--
            (1) Enforcement.--Nothing in this section shall be 
        construed to limit the authority of the Administrator to pursue 
        an enforcement action against a person operating any unmanned 
        aircraft who endangers the safety of the national airspace 
        system.
            (2) Regulations and standards.--Nothing in this section 
        prohibits the Administrator from promulgating any rules or 
        standards consistent with maintaining the safety and security 
        of the national airspace system.

SEC. 351. UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS INTEGRATION PILOT PROGRAM.

    (a) Authority.--The Secretary of Transportation may establish a 
pilot program to enable enhanced drone operations as required in the 
October 25, 2017 Presidential Memorandum entitled ``Unmanned Aircraft 
Systems Integration Pilot Program'' and described in 82 Federal 
Register 50301.
    (b) Applications.--The Secretary shall accept applications from 
State, local, and Tribal governments, in partnership with unmanned 
aircraft system operators and other private-sector stakeholders, to 
test and evaluate the integration of civil and public UAS operations 
into the low-altitude national airspace system.
    (c) Objectives.--The purpose of the pilot program is to accelerate 
existing UAS integration plans by working to solve technical, 
regulatory, and policy challenges, while enabling advanced UAS 
operations in select areas subject to ongoing safety oversight and 
cooperation between the Federal Government and applicable State, local, 
or Tribal jurisdictions, in order to--
            (1) accelerate the safe integration of UAS into the NAS by 
        testing and validating new concepts of beyond visual line of 
        sight operations in a controlled environment, focusing on 
        detect and avoid technologies, command and control links, 
        navigation, weather, and human factors;
            (2) address ongoing concerns regarding the potential 
        security and safety risks associated with UAS operating in 
        close proximity to human beings and critical infrastructure by 
        ensuring that operators communicate more effectively with 
        Federal, State, local, and Tribal law enforcement to enable law 
        enforcement to determine if a UAS operation poses such a risk;
            (3) promote innovation in and development of the United 
        States unmanned aviation industry, especially in sectors such 
        as agriculture, emergency management, inspection, and 
        transportation safety, in which there are significant public 
        benefits to be gained from the deployment of UAS; and
            (4) identify the most effective models of balancing local 
        and national interests in UAS integration.
    (d) Application Submission.--The Secretary shall establish 
application requirements and require applicants to include the 
following information:
            (1) Identification of the airspace to be used, including 
        shape files and altitudes.
            (2) Description of the types of planned operations.
            (3) Identification of stakeholder partners to test and 
        evaluate planned operations.
            (4) Identification of available infrastructure to support 
        planned operations.
            (5) Description of experience with UAS operations and 
        regulations.
            (6) Description of existing UAS operator and any other 
        stakeholder partnerships and experience.
            (7) Description of plans to address safety, security, 
        competition, privacy concerns, and community outreach.
    (e) Monitoring and Enforcement of Limitations.--
            (1) In general.--Monitoring and enforcement of any 
        limitations enacted pursuant to this pilot project shall be the 
        responsibility of the jurisdiction.
            (2) Savings provision.--Nothing in paragraph (1) may be 
        construed to prevent the Secretary from enforcing Federal law.
            (3) Examples of limitations.--Limitations under this 
        section may include--
                    (A) prohibiting flight during specified morning and 
                evening rush hours or only permitting flight during 
                specified hours such as daylight hours, sufficient to 
                ensure reasonable airspace access;
                    (B) establishing designated take-off and landing 
                zones, limiting operations over moving locations or 
                fixed site public road and parks, sidewalks or private 
                property based on zoning density, or other land use 
                considerations;
                    (C) requiring notice to public safety or zoning or 
                land use authorities before operating; and
                    (D) prohibiting operations in connection with 
                community or sporting events that do not remain in one 
                place (for example, parades and running events).
    (f) Selection Criteria.--In making determinations, the Secretary 
shall evaluate whether applications meet or exceed the following 
criteria:
            (1) Overall economic, geographic, and climatic diversity of 
        the selected jurisdictions.
            (2) Overall diversity of the proposed models of government 
        involvement.
            (3) Overall diversity of the UAS operations to be 
        conducted.
            (4) The location of critical infrastructure.
            (5) The involvement of commercial entities in the proposal 
        and their ability to advance objectives that may serve the 
        public interest as a result of further integration of UAS into 
        the NAS.
            (6) The involvement of affected communities in, and their 
        support for, participating in the pilot program.
            (7) The commitment of the governments and UAS operators 
        involved in the proposal to comply with requirements related to 
        national defense, homeland security, and public safety and to 
        address competition, privacy, and civil liberties concerns.
            (8) The commitment of the governments and UAS operators 
        involved in the proposal to achieve the following policy 
        objectives:
                    (A) Promoting innovation and economic development.
                    (B) Enhancing transportation safety.
                    (C) Enhancing workplace safety.
                    (D) Improving emergency response and search and 
                rescue functions.
                    (E) Using radio spectrum efficiently and 
                competitively.
    (g) Implementation.--The Secretary shall use the data collected and 
experience gained over the course of this pilot program to--
            (1) identify and resolve technical challenges to UAS 
        integration;
            (2) address airspace use to safely and efficiently 
        integrate all aircraft;
            (3) inform operational standards and procedures to improve 
        safety (for example, detect and avoid capabilities, navigation 
        and altitude performance, and command and control link);
            (4) inform FAA standards that reduce the need for waivers 
        (for example, for operations over human beings, night 
        operations, and beyond visual line of sight); and
            (5) address competing interests regarding UAS operational 
        expansion, safety, security, roles and responsibilities of non-
        Federal Government entities, and privacy issues.
    (h) Notification.--Prior to initiating any additional rounds of 
agreements with State, local, or Tribal governments as part of the 
pilot program established under subsection (a), the Secretary shall 
notify the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and the 
Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the 
Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation and the Committee on 
Appropriations in the Senate.
    (i) Sunset.--The pilot program established under subsection (a) 
shall terminate 3 years after the date on which the memorandum 
referenced in subsection (a) is signed by the President.
    (j) Savings Clause.-- Nothing in this section shall affect any 
proposals, selections, imposition of conditions, operations, or other 
decisions made--
            (1) under the pilot program developed by the Secretary of 
        Transportation pursuant to the Presidential memorandum titled 
        ``Unmanned Aircraft Systems Integration Pilot Program'', as 
        published in the Federal Register on October 30, 2017 (82 Fed. 
        Reg. 50301); and
            (2) prior to the date of enactment of this Act.
    (k) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) The term ``Lead Applicant'' means an eligible State, 
        local or Tribal government that has submitted a timely 
        application.
            (2) The term ``NAS'' means the low-altitude national 
        airspace system.
            (3) The term ``UAS'' means unmanned aircraft system.

SEC. 352. PART 107 TRANSPARENCY AND TECHNOLOGY IMPROVEMENTS.

    (a) Transparency.--Not later than 30 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall publish on the FAA 
website a representative sample of the safety justifications, offered 
by applicants for small unmanned aircraft system waivers and airspace 
authorizations, that have been approved by the Administration for each 
regulation waived or class of airspace authorized, except that any 
published justification shall not reveal proprietary or commercially 
sensitive information.
    (b) Technology Improvements.--Not later than 90 days after the date 
of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall revise the online 
waiver and certificates of authorization processes--
            (1) to provide real time confirmation that an application 
        filed online has been received by the Administration; and
            (2) to provide an applicant with an opportunity to review 
        the status of the applicant's application.

SEC. 353. EMERGENCY EXEMPTION PROCESS.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that the use of 
unmanned aircraft systems by civil and public operators--
            (1) is an increasingly important tool in response to a 
        catastrophe, disaster, or other emergency;
            (2) helps facilitate emergency response operations, such as 
        firefighting and search and rescue; and
            (3) helps facilitate post-catastrophic response operations, 
        such as utility and infrastructure restoration efforts and the 
        safe and prompt processing, adjustment, and payment of 
        insurance claims.
    (b) Updates.--The Administrator shall, as necessary, update and 
improve the Special Government Interest process described in chapter 7 
of Federal Aviation Administration Order JO 7200.23A to ensure that 
civil and public operators, including local law enforcement agencies 
and first responders, continue to use unmanned aircraft system 
operations quickly and efficiently in response to a catastrophe, 
disaster, or other emergency.
    (c) Best Practices.--The Administrator shall develop best practices 
for the use of unmanned aircraft systems by States and localities to 
respond to a catastrophe, disaster, or other emergency response and 
recovery operation.

SEC. 354. TREATMENT OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT OPERATING UNDERGROUND.

    An unmanned aircraft system that is operated underground for mining 
purposes shall not be subject to regulation or enforcement by the FAA 
under title 49, United States Code.

SEC. 355. PUBLIC UAS OPERATIONS BY TRIBAL GOVERNMENTS.

    (a) Public UAS Operations by Tribal Governments.--Section 
40102(a)(41) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding at 
the end the following:
                    ``(F) An unmanned aircraft that is owned and 
                operated by, or exclusively leased for at least 90 
                continuous days by, an Indian Tribal government, as 
                defined in section 102 of the Robert T. Stafford 
                Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 
                5122), except as provided in section 40125(b).''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--Section 40125(b) of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended by striking ``or (D)'' and inserting ``(D), or 
(F)''.

SEC. 356. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS FOR KNOW BEFORE YOU FLY 
              CAMPAIGN.

    There are authorized to be appropriated to the Administrator of the 
Federal Aviation Administration $1,000,000 for each of fiscal years 
2019 through 2023, out of funds made available under section 106(k), 
for the Know Before You Fly educational campaign or similar public 
informational efforts intended to broaden unmanned aircraft systems 
safety awareness.

SEC. 357. UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS PRIVACY POLICY.

    It is the policy of the United States that the operation of any 
unmanned aircraft or unmanned aircraft system shall be carried out in a 
manner that respects and protects personal privacy consistent with the 
United States Constitution and Federal, State, and local law.

SEC. 358. UAS PRIVACY REVIEW.

    (a) Review.--The Comptroller General of the United States, in 
consideration of relevant efforts led by the National 
Telecommunications and Information Administration, shall carry out a 
review of the privacy issues and concerns associated with the operation 
of unmanned aircraft systems in the national airspace system.
    (b) Consultation.--In carrying out the review, the Comptroller 
General shall--
            (1) consult with the Department of Transportation and the 
        National Telecommunications and Information Administration of 
        the Department of Commerce on its ongoing efforts responsive to 
        the Presidential memorandum titled ``Promoting Economic 
        Competitiveness While Safeguarding Privacy, Civil Rights, and 
        Civil Liberties in Domestic Use of Unmanned Aircraft Systems'' 
        and dated February 15, 2015;
            (2) examine and identify the existing Federal, State, or 
        relevant local laws that address an individual's personal 
        privacy;
            (3) identify specific issues and concerns that may limit 
        the availability of civil or criminal legal remedies regarding 
        inappropriate operation of unmanned aircraft systems in the 
        national airspace system;
            (4) identify any deficiencies in Federal, State, or local 
        privacy protections; and
            (5) provide recommendations to address any limitations and 
        deficiencies identified in paragraphs (3) and (4).
    (c) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate committees of 
Congress a report on the results of the review required under 
subsection (a).

SEC. 359. STUDY ON FIRE DEPARTMENT AND EMERGENCY SERVICE AGENCY USE OF 
              UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS.

    (a) Study.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator shall conduct a study on 
        the use of unmanned aircraft systems by fire departments and 
        emergency service agencies. Such study shall include an 
        analysis of--
                    (A) how fire departments and emergency service 
                agencies currently use unmanned aircraft systems;
                    (B) obstacles to greater use of unmanned aircraft 
                systems by fire departments and emergency service 
                agencies;
                    (C) the best way to provide outreach to support 
                greater use of unmanned aircraft systems by fire 
                departments and emergency service agencies;
                    (D) laws or regulations that present barriers to 
                career, combination, and volunteer fire departments' 
                ability to use unmanned aircraft systems;
                    (E) training and certifications required for the 
                use of unmanned aircraft systems by fire departments 
                and emergency service agencies;
                    (F) airspace limitations and concerns in the use of 
                unmanned aircraft systems by fire departments and 
                emergency service agencies;
                    (G) roles of unmanned aircraft systems in the 
                provision of fire and emergency services;
                    (H) technological challenges to greater adoption of 
                unmanned aircraft systems by fire departments and 
                emergency service agencies; and
                    (I) other issues determined appropriate by the 
                Administrator.
            (2) Consultation.--In conducting the study under paragraph 
        (1), the Administrator shall consult with national fire and 
        emergency service organizations.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees 
of Congress a report on the study conducted under subsection (a), 
including the Administrator's findings, conclusions, and 
recommendations.

SEC. 360. STUDY ON FINANCING OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SERVICES.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 60 days after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall 
initiate a study on appropriate fee mechanisms to recover the costs 
of--
            (1) the regulation and safety oversight of unmanned 
        aircraft and unmanned aircraft systems; and
            (2) the provision of air navigation services to unmanned 
        aircraft and unmanned aircraft systems.
    (b) Considerations.--In carrying out the study, the Comptroller 
General shall consider, at a minimum--
            (1) any recommendations of Task Group 3 of the Drone 
        Advisory Committee chartered by the Federal Aviation 
        Administration on August 31, 2016;
            (2) the total annual costs incurred by the Federal Aviation 
        Administration for the regulation and safety oversight of 
        activities related to unmanned aircraft;
            (3) the annual costs attributable to various types, 
        classes, and categories of unmanned aircraft activities;
            (4) air traffic services provided to unmanned aircraft 
        operating under instrument flight rules, excluding public 
        aircraft;
            (5) the number of full-time Federal Aviation Administration 
        employees dedicated to unmanned aircraft programs;
            (6) the use of privately operated UTM and other privately 
        operated unmanned aircraft systems;
            (7) the projected growth of unmanned aircraft operations 
        for various applications and the estimated need for regulation, 
        oversight, and other services;
            (8) the number of small businesses involved in the various 
        sectors of the unmanned aircraft industry and operating as 
        primary users of unmanned aircraft; and
            (9) any best practices or policies utilized by 
        jurisdictions outside the United States relating to partial or 
        total recovery of regulation and safety oversight costs related 
        to unmanned aircraft and other emergent technologies.
    (c) Report to Congress.--Not later than 180 days after initiating 
the study, the Comptroller General shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a report containing recommendations on 
appropriate fee mechanisms to recover the costs of regulating and 
providing air navigation services to unmanned aircraft and unmanned 
aircraft systems.

SEC. 361. REPORT ON UAS AND CHEMICAL AERIAL APPLICATION.

    Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
report evaluating which aviation safety requirements under part 137 of 
title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, should apply to unmanned 
aircraft system operations engaged in aerial spraying of chemicals for 
agricultural purposes.

SEC. 362. SENSE OF CONGRESS REGARDING UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SAFETY.

    It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) the unauthorized operation of unmanned aircraft near 
        airports presents a serious hazard to aviation safety;
            (2) a collision between an unmanned aircraft and a 
        conventional aircraft in flight could jeopardize the safety of 
        persons aboard the aircraft and on the ground;
            (3) Federal aviation regulations, including sections 91.126 
        through 91.131 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, 
        prohibit unauthorized operation of an aircraft in controlled 
        airspace near an airport;
            (4) Federal aviation regulations, including section 91.13 
        of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, prohibit the 
        operation of an aircraft in a careless or reckless manner so as 
        to endanger the life or property of another;
            (5) the Administrator should pursue all available civil and 
        administrative remedies available to the Administrator, 
        including referrals to other government agencies for criminal 
        investigations, with respect to persons who operate unmanned 
        aircraft in an unauthorized manner;
            (6) the Administrator should--
                    (A) place particular priority in continuing 
                measures, including partnering with nongovernmental 
                organizations and State and local agencies, to educate 
                the public about the dangers to public safety of 
                operating unmanned aircraft over areas that have 
                temporary flight restrictions in place, for purposes 
                such as wildfires, without appropriate authorization; 
                and
                    (B) partner with State and local agencies to 
                effectively enforce relevant laws so that unmanned 
                aircrafts do not interfere with the efforts of 
                emergency responders;
            (7) the Administrator should place particular priority on 
        continuing measures, including partnerships with 
        nongovernmental organizations, to educate the public about the 
        dangers to the public safety of operating unmanned aircraft 
        near airports without the appropriate approvals or 
        authorizations; and
            (8) manufacturers and retail sellers of small unmanned 
        aircraft systems should take steps to educate consumers about 
        the safe and lawful operation of such systems.

SEC. 363. PROHIBITION REGARDING WEAPONS.

    (a) In General.--Unless authorized by the Administrator, a person 
may not operate an unmanned aircraft or unmanned aircraft system that 
is equipped or armed with a dangerous weapon.
    (b) Dangerous Weapon Defined.--In this section, the term 
``dangerous weapon'' has the meaning given that term in section 
930(g)(2) of title 18, United States Code.
    (c) Penalty.--A person who violates this section is liable to the 
United States Government for a civil penalty of not more than $25,000 
for each violation.

SEC. 364. U.S. COUNTER-UAS SYSTEM REVIEW OF INTERAGENCY COORDINATION 
              PROCESSES.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 60 days after that date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator, in consultation with 
government agencies currently authorized to operate Counter-Unmanned 
Aircraft System (C-UAS) systems within the United States (including the 
territories and possessions of the United States), shall initiate a 
review of the following:
            (1) The process the Administration is using for interagency 
        coordination of C-UAS activity pursuant to a relevant Federal 
        statute authorizing such activity within the United States 
        (including the territories and possessions of the United 
        States).
            (2) The standards the Administration is utilizing for 
        operation of a C-UAS systems pursuant to a relevant Federal 
        statute authorizing such activity within the United States 
        (including the territories and possessions of the United 
        States), including whether the following criteria are being 
        taken into consideration in the development of the standards:
                    (A) Safety of the national airspace.
                    (B) Protecting individuals and property on the 
                ground.
                    (C) Non-interference with avionics of manned 
                aircraft, and unmanned aircraft, operating legally in 
                the national airspace.
                    (D) Non-interference with air traffic control 
                systems.
                    (E) Adequate coordination procedures and protocols 
                with the Federal Aviation Administration during the 
                operation of C-UAS systems.
                    (F) Adequate training for personnel operating C-UAS 
                systems.
                    (G) Assessment of the efficiency and effectiveness 
                of the coordination and review processes to ensure 
                national airspace safety while minimizing bureaucracy.
                    (H) Best practices for the consistent operation of 
                C-UAS systems to the maximum extent practicable.
                    (I) Current airspace authorization information 
                shared by automated approval processes for airspace 
                authorizations, such as the Low Altitude Authorization 
                and Notification Capability.
                    (J) Such other matters the Administrator considers 
                necessary for the safe and lawful operation of C-UAS 
                systems.
            (3) Similar interagency coordination processes already used 
        for other matters that may be used as a model for improving the 
        interagency coordination for the usage of C-UAS systems.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date upon which the 
review in subsection (a) is initiated, the Administrator shall submit 
to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of 
Representatives, the Committee on Armed Services of the House of 
Representatives, and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Transportation in the Senate, and the Committee on Armed Services of 
the Senate, a report on the Administration's activities related to C-
UAS systems, including--
            (1) any coordination with Federal agencies and States, 
        subdivisions and States, political authorities of at least 2 
        States that operate C-UAS systems;
            (2) an assessment of the standards being utilized for the 
        operation of a counter-UAS systems within the United States 
        (including the territories and possessions of the United 
        States);
            (3) an assessment of the efficiency and effectiveness of 
        the interagency coordination and review processes to ensure 
        national airspace safety while minimizing bureaucracy; and
            (4) a review of any additional authorities needed by the 
        Federal Aviation Administration to effectively oversee the 
        management of C-UAS systems within the United States (including 
        the territories and possessions of the United States).

SEC. 365. COOPERATION RELATED TO CERTAIN COUNTER-UAS TECHNOLOGY.

    In matters relating to the use of systems in the national airspace 
system intended to mitigate threats posed by errant or hostile unmanned 
aircraft system operations, the Secretary of Transportation shall 
consult with the Secretary of Defense to streamline deployment of such 
systems by drawing upon the expertise and experience of the Department 
of Defense in acquiring and operating such systems consistent with the 
safe and efficient operation of the national airspace system.

SEC. 366. STRATEGY FOR RESPONDING TO PUBLIC SAFETY THREATS AND 
              ENFORCEMENT UTILITY OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration 
shall develop a comprehensive strategy to provide outreach to State and 
local governments and provide guidance for local law enforcement 
agencies and first responders with respect to--
            (1) how to identify and respond to public safety threats 
        posed by unmanned aircraft systems; and
            (2) how to identify and take advantage of opportunities to 
        use unmanned aircraft systems to enhance the effectiveness of 
        local law enforcement agencies and first responders.
    (b) Resources.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator shall establish a publicly available 
Internet website that contains resources for State and local law 
enforcement agencies and first responders seeking--
            (1) to respond to public safety threats posed by unmanned 
        aircraft systems; and
            (2) to identify and take advantage of opportunities to use 
        unmanned aircraft systems to enhance the effectiveness of local 
        law enforcement agencies and public safety response efforts.
    (c) Unmanned Aircraft System Defined.--In this section, the term 
``unmanned aircraft system'' has the meaning given that term in section 
44801 of title 49, United States Code, as added by this Act.

SEC. 367. INCORPORATION OF FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION OCCUPATIONS 
              RELATING TO UNMANNED AIRCRAFT INTO VETERANS EMPLOYMENT 
              PROGRAMS OF THE ADMINISTRATION.

    Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this 
Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration, in 
consultation with the Secretary of Veterans Affairs, the Secretary of 
Defense, and the Secretary of Labor, shall determine whether 
occupations of the Administration relating to unmanned aircraft systems 
technology and regulations can be incorporated into the Veterans' 
Employment Program of the Administration, particularly in the 
interaction between such program and the New Sights Work Experience 
Program and the Vet-Link Cooperative Education Program.

SEC. 368. PUBLIC UAS ACCESS TO SPECIAL USE AIRSPACE.

    Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Secretary of Transportation shall issue guidance for the expedited 
and timely access to special use airspace for public unmanned aircraft 
systems in order to assist Federal, State, local, or tribal law 
enforcement organizations in conducting law enforcement, emergency 
response, or for other activities.

SEC. 369. APPLICATIONS FOR DESIGNATION.

    Section 2209 of the FAA Extension, Safety, and Security Act of 2016 
(Public Law 114-190; 130 Stat. 615) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)(1)(C)(i), by striking ``and 
        distribution facilities and equipment'' and inserting 
        ``distribution facilities and equipment, and railroad 
        facilities''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(e) Deadlines.--
            ``(1) Not later than March 31, 2019, the Administrator 
        shall publish a notice of proposed rulemaking to carry out the 
        requirements of this section.
            ``(2) Not later than 12 months after publishing the notice 
        of proposed rulemaking under paragraph (1), the Administrator 
        shall issue a final rule.''.

SEC. 370. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON ADDITIONAL RULEMAKING AUTHORITY.

    It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) beyond visual line of sight operations, nighttime 
        operations, and operations over people of unmanned aircraft 
        systems have tremendous potential--
                    (A) to enhance both commercial and academic use;
                    (B) to spur economic growth and development through 
                innovative applications of this emerging technology; 
                and
                    (C) to improve emergency response efforts as it 
                relates to assessing damage to critical infrastructure 
                such as roads, bridges, and utilities, including water 
                and power, ultimately speeding response time;
            (2) advancements in miniaturization of safety technologies, 
        including for aircraft weighing under 4.4 pounds, have 
        increased economic opportunities for using unmanned aircraft 
        systems while reducing kinetic energy and risk compared to 
        unmanned aircraft that may weigh 4.4 pounds or more, but less 
        than 55 pounds;
            (3) advancements in unmanned technology will have the 
        capacity to ultimately improve manned aircraft safety; and
            (4) integrating unmanned aircraft systems safely into the 
        national airspace, including beyond visual line of sight 
        operations, nighttime operations on a routine basis, and 
        operations over people should remain a top priority for the 
        Federal Aviation Administration as it pursues additional 
        rulemakings under the amendments made by this section.

SEC. 371. ASSESSMENT OF AIRCRAFT REGISTRATION FOR SMALL UNMANNED 
              AIRCRAFT.

    (a) Evaluation.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall enter into 
an agreement with the National Academy of Public Administration, to 
estimate and assess compliance with and the effectiveness of the 
registration of small unmanned aircraft systems by the Federal Aviation 
Administration pursuant to the interim final rule issued on December 
16, 2015, titled ``Registration and Marking Requirements for Small 
Unmanned Aircraft'' (80 Fed. Reg. 78593).
    (b) Metrics.--Upon receiving the assessment, the Secretary shall, 
to the extent practicable, develop metrics to measure compliance with 
the interim final rule described in subsection (a), and any subsequent 
final rule, including metrics with respect to--
            (1) the levels of compliance with the interim final rule 
        and any subsequent final rule;
            (2) the number of enforcement actions taken by the 
        Administration for violations of or noncompliance with the 
        interim final rule and any subsequent final rule, together with 
        a description of the actions; and
            (3) the effect of the interim final rule and any subsequent 
        final rule on compliance with any fees associated with the use 
        of small unmanned aircraft systems.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a report containing--
            (1) the results of the assessment required under subsection 
        (a);
            (2) the metrics required under subsection (b) and how the 
        Secretary will track these metrics; and
            (3) recommendations to Congress for improvements to the 
        registration process for small unmanned aircraft, if necessary.

SEC. 372. ENFORCEMENT.

    (a) UAS Safety Enforcement.--The Administrator of the Federal 
Aviation Administration shall establish a pilot program to utilize 
available remote detection or identification technologies for safety 
oversight, including enforcement actions against operators of unmanned 
aircraft systems that are not in compliance with applicable Federal 
aviation laws, including regulations.
    (b) Reporting.--As part of the pilot program, the Administrator 
shall establish and publicize a mechanism for the public and Federal, 
State, and local law enforcement to report suspected operation of 
unmanned aircraft in violation of applicable Federal laws and 
regulations.
    (c) Report to Congress.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
enactment of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018, and annually 
thereafter through the duration of the pilot program established in 
subsection (a), the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a report on the following:
            (1) The number of unauthorized unmanned aircraft operations 
        detected in restricted airspace, including in and around 
        airports, together with a description of such operations.
            (2) The number of enforcement cases brought by the Federal 
        Aviation Administration or other Federal agencies for 
        unauthorized operation of unmanned aircraft detected through 
        the program, together with a description of such cases.
            (3) Recommendations for safety and operational standards 
        for unmanned aircraft detection and mitigation systems.
            (4) Recommendations for any legislative or regulatory 
        changes related to mitigation or detection or identification of 
        unmanned aircraft systems.
    (d) Sunset.--The pilot program established in subsection (a) shall 
terminate on September 30, 2023.
    (e) Civil Penalties.--Section 46301 of title 49, United States 
Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(1)(A), by inserting ``chapter 448,'' 
        after ``chapter 447 (except sections 44717 and 44719-44723),'';
            (2) in subsection (a)(5)(A)(i), by inserting ``chapter 
        448,'' after ``chapter 447 (except sections 44717-44723),'';
            (3) in subsection (d)(2), by inserting ``chapter 448,'' 
        after ``chapter 447 (except sections 44717 and 44719-44723),''; 
        and
            (4) in subsection (f)(1)(A)(i), by inserting ``chapter 
        448,'' after ``chapter 447 (except sections 44717 and 44719-
        44723),''.
    (f) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be 
construed to limit the authority of the Administrator to pursue an 
enforcement action for a violation of this subtitle or any other 
applicable provision of aviation safety law or regulation using remote 
detection or identification or other technology following the sunset of 
the pilot program.

SEC. 373. FEDERAL AND LOCAL AUTHORITIES.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States 
shall--
            (1) conduct a study on the relative roles of the Federal 
        Government, State, local and Tribal governments in the 
        regulation and oversight of low-altitude operations of unmanned 
        aircraft systems in the national airspace system; and
            (2) submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
        report on the study, including the Comptroller General's 
        findings and conclusions.
    (b) Contents.--The study under subsection (a) shall review the 
following:
            (1) The current state of the law with respect to Federal 
        authority over low-altitude operations of unmanned aircraft 
        systems in the national airspace system.
            (2) The current state of the law with respect to State, 
        local, and Tribal authority over low-altitude operations of 
        unmanned aircraft systems in the national airspace system.
            (3) Potential gaps between authorities under paragraphs (1) 
        and (2).
            (4) The degree of regulatory consistency required among the 
        Federal Government, State governments, local governments, and 
        Tribal governments for the safe and financially viable growth 
        and development of the unmanned aircraft industry.
            (5) The interests of Federal, State, local, and Tribal 
        governments affected by low-altitude operations of unmanned 
        aircraft systems and the authorities of those governments to 
        protect such interests.
            (6) The infrastructure requirements necessary for 
        monitoring the low-altitude operations of small unmanned 
        aircraft and enforcing applicable laws.

SEC. 374. SPECTRUM.

    (a) Report.--Not later than 270 days after the date of enactment of 
this Act, and after consultation with relevant stakeholders, the 
Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration, the National 
Telecommunications and Information Administration, and the Federal 
Communications Commission, shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, 
Science, and Transportation of the Senate, the Committee on 
Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives, and 
the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives a 
report--
            (1) on whether unmanned aircraft systems operations should 
        be permitted, but not required, to operate on spectrum that was 
        recommended for allocation for AM(R)S and control links for UAS 
        by the World Radio Conferences in 2007 (L-band, 960-1164 MHz) 
        and 2012 (C-band, 5030-5091 MHz), on an unlicensed, shared, or 
        exclusive basis, for operations within the UTM system or 
        outside of such a system;
            (2) that addresses any technological, statutory, 
        regulatory, and operational barriers to the use of such 
        spectrum; and
            (3) that, if it is determined that some spectrum 
        frequencies are not suitable for beyond-visual-line-of-sight 
        operations by unmanned aircraft systems, includes 
        recommendations of other spectrum frequencies that may be 
        appropriate for such operations.
    (b) No Effect on Other Spectrum.--The report required under 
subsection (a) does not prohibit or delay use of any licensed spectrum 
to satisfy control links, tracking, diagnostics, payload 
communications, collision avoidance, and other functions for unmanned 
aircraft systems operations.

SEC. 375. FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION AUTHORITY.

    (a) In General.--A violation of a privacy policy by a person that 
uses an unmanned aircraft system for compensation or hire, or in the 
furtherance of a business enterprise, in the national airspace system 
shall be an unfair and deceptive practice in violation of section 5(a) 
of the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 45(a)).
    (b) Definitions.--In this section, the terms ``unmanned aircraft'' 
and ``unmanned aircraft system'' have the meanings given those terms in 
section 44801 of title 49, United States Code.

SEC. 376. PLAN FOR FULL OPERATIONAL CAPABILITY OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT 
              SYSTEMS TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT.

    (a) In General.--In conjunction with completing the requirements of 
section 2208 of the FAA Extension, Safety, and Security Act of 2016 (49 
U.S.C. 40101 note), subject to subsection (b) of this section, the 
Administrator, in coordination with the Administrator of the National 
Aeronautics and Space Administration, and in consultation with unmanned 
aircraft systems industry stakeholders, shall develop a plan to allow 
for the implementation of unmanned aircraft systems traffic management 
(UTM) services that expand operations beyond visual line of sight, have 
full operational capability, and ensure the safety and security of all 
aircraft.
    (b) Completion of UTM System Pilot Program.--The Administrator 
shall ensure that the UTM system pilot program, as established in 
section 2208 of the FAA Extension, Safety, and Security Act of 2016 (49 
U.S.C. 40101 note), is conducted to meet the following objectives of a 
comprehensive UTM system by the conclusion of the pilot program:
            (1) In cooperation with the National Aeronautics and Space 
        Administration and manned and unmanned aircraft industry 
        stakeholders, allow testing of unmanned aircraft operations, of 
        increasing volumes and density, in airspace above test ranges, 
        as such term is defined in section 44801 of title 49, United 
        States Code, as well as other sites determined by the 
        Administrator to be suitable for UTM testing, including those 
        locations selected under the pilot program required in the 
        October 25, 2017, Presidential Memorandum entitled, ``Unmanned 
        Aircraft Systems Integration Pilot Program'' and described in 
        82 Federal Register 50301.
            (2) Permit the testing of various remote identification and 
        tracking technologies evaluated by the Unmanned Aircraft 
        Systems Identification and Tracking Aviation Rulemaking 
        Committee.
            (3) Where the particular operational environment permits, 
        permit blanket waiver authority to allow any unmanned aircraft 
        approved by a UTM system pilot program selectee to be operated 
        under conditions currently requiring a case-by-case waiver 
        under part 107, title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, provided 
        that any blanket waiver addresses risks to airborne objects as 
        well as persons and property on the ground.
    (c) Implementation Plan Contents.--The plan required by subsection 
(a) shall--
            (1) include the development of safety standards to permit, 
        authorize, or allow the use of UTM services, which may include 
        the demonstration and validation of such services at the test 
        ranges, as defined in section 44801 of title 49, United States 
        Code, or other sites as authorized by the Administrator;
            (2) outline the roles and responsibilities of industry and 
        government in establishing UTM services that allow applicants 
        to conduct commercial and noncommercial operations, recognizing 
        the primary private sector role in the development and 
        implementation of the Low Altitude Authorization and 
        Notification Capability and future expanded UTM services;
            (3) include an assessment of various components required 
        for necessary risk reduction and mitigation in relation to the 
        use of UTM services, including--
                    (A) remote identification of both cooperative and 
                non-cooperative unmanned aircraft systems in the 
                national airspace system;
                    (B) deconfliction of cooperative unmanned aircraft 
                systems in the national airspace system by such 
                services;
                    (C) the manner in which the Federal Aviation 
                Administration will conduct oversight of UTM systems, 
                including interfaces between UTM service providers and 
                air traffic control;
                    (D) the need for additional technologies to detect 
                cooperative and non-cooperative aircraft;
                    (E) collaboration and coordination with air traffic 
                control, or management services and technologies to 
                ensure the safety oversight of manned and unmanned 
                aircraft, including--
                            (i) the Federal Aviation Administration 
                        responsibilities to collect and disseminate 
                        relevant data to UTM service providers; and
                            (ii) data exchange protocols to share UAS 
                        operator intent, operational approvals, 
                        operational restraints, and other data 
                        necessary to ensure safety or security of the 
                        National Airspace System;
                    (F) the potential for UTM services to manage 
                unmanned aircraft systems carrying either cargo, 
                payload, or passengers, weighing more than 55 pounds, 
                and operating at altitudes higher than 400 feet above 
                ground level; and
                    (G) cybersecurity protections, data integrity, and 
                national and homeland security benefits; and
            (4) establish a process for--
                    (A) accepting applications for operation of UTM 
                services in the national airspace system;
                    (B) setting the standards for independent private 
                sector validation and verification that the standards 
                for UTM services established pursuant to paragraph (1) 
                enabling operations beyond visual line of sight, have 
                been met by applicants; and
                    (C) notifying the applicant, not later than 120 
                days after the Administrator receives a complete 
                application, with a written approval, disapproval, or 
                request to modify the application.
    (d) Safety Standards.--In developing the safety standards in 
subsection (c)(1), the Administrator--
            (1) shall require that UTM services help ensure the safety 
        of unmanned aircraft and other aircraft operations that occur 
        primarily or exclusively in airspace 400 feet above ground 
        level and below, including operations conducted under a waiver 
        issued pursuant to subpart D of part 107 of title 14, Code of 
        Federal Regulations;
            (2) shall consider, as appropriate--
                    (A) protection of persons and property on the 
                ground;
                    (B) remote identification and tracking of aircraft;
                    (C) collision avoidance with respect to obstacles 
                and non-cooperative aircraft;
                    (D) deconfliction of cooperative aircraft and 
                integration of other relevant airspace considerations;
                    (E) right of way rules, inclusive of UAS 
                operations;
                    (F) safe and reliable coordination between air 
                traffic control and other systems operated in the 
                national airspace system;
                    (G) detection of non-cooperative aircraft;
                    (H) geographic and local factors including but not 
                limited to terrain, buildings and structures;
                    (I) aircraft equipage; and
                    (J) qualifications, if any, necessary to operate 
                UTM services; and
            (3) may establish temporary flight restrictions or other 
        means available such as a certificate of waiver or 
        authorization (COA) for demonstration and validation of UTM 
        services.
    (e) Revocation.--The Administrator may revoke the permission, 
authorization, or approval for the operation of UTM services if the 
Administrator determines that the services or its operator are no 
longer in compliance with applicable safety standards.
    (f) Low-risk Areas.--The Administrator shall establish expedited 
procedures for approval of UTM services operated in--
            (1) airspace away from congested areas; or
            (2) other airspace above areas in which operations of 
        unmanned aircraft pose low risk, as determined by the 
        Administrator.
    (g) Consultation.--In carrying out this section, the Administrator 
shall consult with other Federal agencies, as appropriate.
    (h) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that, in 
developing the safety standards for UTM services, the Federal Aviation 
Administration shall consider ongoing research and development efforts 
on UTM services conducted by--
            (1) the National Aeronautics and Space Administration in 
        partnership with industry stakeholders;
            (2) the UTM System pilot program required by section 2208 
        of the FAA Extension, Safety, and Security Act of 2016 (49 
        U.S.C. 40101 note); and
            (3) the participants in the pilot program required in the 
        October 25, 2017, Presidential Memorandum entitled, ``Unmanned 
        Aircraft Systems Integration Pilot Program'' and described in 
        82 Federal Register 50301.
    (i) Deadline.--Not later than 1 year after the date of conclusion 
of the UTM pilot program established in section 2208 of the FAA 
Extension, Safety, and Security Act of 2016 (49 U.S.C. 40101 note), the 
Administrator shall--
            (1) complete the plan required by subsection (a);
            (2) submit the plan to--
                    (A) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
                Transportation of the Senate; and
                    (B) the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology 
                and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure 
                of the House of Representatives; and
            (3) publish the plan on a publicly accessible Internet 
        website of the Federal Aviation Administration.

SEC. 377. EARLY IMPLEMENTATION OF CERTAIN UTM SERVICES.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 120 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall, upon request of a UTM 
service provider, determine if certain UTM services may operate safely 
in the national airspace system before completion of the implementation 
plan required by section 376.
    (b) Assessment of UTM Services.--In making the determination under 
subsection (a), the Administrator shall assess, at a minimum, whether 
the proposed UTM services, as a result of their operational 
capabilities, reliability, intended use, areas of operation, and the 
characteristics of the aircraft involved, will maintain the safety and 
efficiency of the national airspace system and address any identified 
risks to manned or unmanned aircraft and persons and property on the 
ground.
    (c) Requirements for Safe Operation.--If the Administrator 
determines that certain UTM services may operate safely in the national 
airspace system, the Administrator shall establish requirements for 
their safe operation in the national airspace system.
    (d) Expedited Procedures.--The Administrator shall provide 
expedited procedures for making the assessment and determinations under 
this section where the UTM services will be provided primarily or 
exclusively in airspace above areas in which the operation of unmanned 
aircraft poses low risk, including but not limited to croplands and 
areas other than congested areas.
    (e) Consultation.--In carrying out this section, the Administrator 
shall consult with other Federal agencies, as appropriate.
    (f) Preexisting UTM Services Approvals.--Nothing in this Act shall 
affect or delay approvals, waivers, or exemptions granted by the 
Administrator for UTM services already in existence or approved by the 
Administrator prior to the date of enactment of this Act, including 
approvals under the Low Altitude Authorization and Notification 
Capability.

SEC. 378. SENSE OF CONGRESS.

    It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) each person that uses an unmanned aircraft system for 
        compensation or hire, or in the furtherance of a business 
        enterprise, except those operated for purposes protected by the 
        First Amendment of the Constitution, should have a written 
        privacy policy consistent with section 357 that is appropriate 
        to the nature and scope of the activities regarding the 
        collection, use, retention, dissemination, and deletion of any 
        data collected during the operation of an unmanned aircraft 
        system;
            (2) each privacy policy described in paragraph (1) should 
        be periodically reviewed and updated as necessary; and
            (3) each privacy policy described in paragraph (1) should 
        be publicly available.

SEC. 379. COMMERCIAL AND GOVERNMENTAL OPERATORS.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 270 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall, to the extent 
practicable and consistent with applicable law, make available in a 
single location on the website of the Department of Transportation:
            (1) Any certificate of waiver or authorization issued by 
        the Administration to Federal, State, tribal or local 
        governments for the operation of unmanned aircraft systems 
        within 30 days of issuance of such certificate of waiver or 
        authorization.
            (2) A spreadsheet of UAS registrations, including the city, 
        state, and zip code of each registered drone owner, on its 
        website that is updated once per quarter each calendar year.
            (3) Summary descriptions and general purposes of public 
        unmanned aircraft operations, including the locations where 
        such unmanned aircraft may generally operate.
            (4) Summary descriptions of common civil unmanned aircraft 
        operations.
            (5) The expiration date of any authorization of public or 
        civil unmanned aircraft operations.
            (6) Links to websites of State agencies that enforce any 
        applicable privacy laws.
            (7) For any unmanned aircraft system, except with respect 
        to any operation protected by the First Amendment to the 
        Constitution of the United States, that will collect personally 
        identifiable information about individuals, including the use 
        of facial recognition--
                    (A) the circumstance under which the system will be 
                used;
                    (B) the specific kinds of personally identifiable 
                information that the system will collect about 
                individuals; and
                    (C) how the information referred to in subparagraph 
                (B), and the conclusions drawn from such information, 
                will be used, disclosed, and otherwise handled, 
                including--
                            (i) how the collection or retention of such 
                        information that is unrelated to the specific 
                        use will be minimized;
                            (ii) under what circumstances such 
                        information might be sold, leased, or otherwise 
                        provided to third parties;
                            (iii) the period during which such 
                        information will be retained;
                            (iv) when and how such information, 
                        including information no longer relevant to the 
                        specified use, will be destroyed; and
                            (v) steps that will be used to protect 
                        against the unauthorized disclosure of any 
                        information or data, such as the use of 
                        encryption methods and other security features.
            (8) With respect to public unmanned aircraft systems--
                    (A) the locations where the unmanned aircraft 
                system will operate;
                    (B) the time during which the unmanned aircraft 
                system will operate;
                    (C) the general purpose of the flight; and
                    (D) the technical capabilities that the unmanned 
                aircraft system possesses.
    (b) Exceptions.--The Administrator shall not disclose information 
pursuant to subsection (a) if the Administrator determines that the 
release of such information--
            (1) is not applicable;
            (2) is not practicable, including when the information is 
        not available to the Administrator;
            (3) is not in compliance with applicable law;
            (4) would compromise national defense, homeland security or 
        law enforcement activity;
            (5) would be withheld pursuant to an exception of the 
        section 552 of title 5, United States Code (commonly known as 
        the ``Freedom of Information Act''); or
            (6) is otherwise contrary to the public interest.
    (c) Sunset.--This section will cease to be effective on the date 
that is the earlier of--
            (1) the date of publication of a Notice of Proposed 
        Rulemaking or guidance regarding remote identification 
        standards under section 2202 of the FAA Extension, Safety, and 
        Security Act of 2016 (Public Law 114-190; 130 Stat. 615); or
            (2) September 30, 2023.

SEC. 380. TRANSITION LANGUAGE.

    (a) Regulations.--Notwithstanding the repeals under sections 341, 
348, 347, and 383 of this Act, all orders, determinations, rules, 
regulations, permits, grants, and contracts, which have been issued 
under any law described under subsection (b) of this section before the 
effective date of this Act shall continue in effect until modified or 
revoked by the Secretary of Transportation, acting through the 
Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration, as applicable, by 
a court of competent jurisdiction, or by operation of law other than 
this Act.
    (b) Laws Described.--The laws described under this subsection are 
as follows:
            (1) Section 332 of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 
        2012 (49 U.S.C. 40101 note).
            (2) Section 333 of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 
        2012 (49 U.S.C. 40101 note).
            (3) Section 334 of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 
        2012 (49 U.S.C. 40101 note).
            (4) Section 2206 of the FAA Extension, Safety, and Security 
        Act of 2016 (Public Law 114-190; 130 Stat. 615).
    (c) Effect on Pending Proceedings.--This Act shall not affect 
administrative or judicial proceedings pending on the effective date of 
this Act.

SEC. 381. UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS IN RESTRICTED BUILDINGS OR GROUNDS.

    Section 1752 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding 
after subsection (a)(4) the following:
            ``(5) knowingly and willfully operates an unmanned aircraft 
        system with the intent to knowingly and willfully direct or 
        otherwise cause such unmanned aircraft system to enter or 
        operate within or above a restricted building or grounds;''.

SEC. 382. PROHIBITION.

    (a) Amendment.--Chapter 2 of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 40A. Operation of unauthorized unmanned aircraft over wildfires
    ``(a) In General.--Except as provided in subsection (b), an 
individual who operates an unmanned aircraft and knowingly or 
recklessly interferes with a wildfire suppression, or law enforcement 
or emergency response efforts related to a wildfire suppression, shall 
be fined under this title, imprisoned for not more than 2 years, or 
both.
    ``(b) Exceptions.--This section does not apply to the operation of 
an unmanned aircraft conducted by a unit or agency of the United States 
Government or of a State, tribal, or local government (including any 
individual conducting such operation pursuant to a contract or other 
agreement entered into with the unit or agency) for the purpose of 
protecting the public safety and welfare, including firefighting, law 
enforcement, or emergency response.
    ``(c) Definitions.--In this section, the following definitions 
apply:
            ``(1) Unmanned aircraft.--The term `unmanned aircraft' has 
        the meaning given the term in section 44801 of title 49, United 
        States Code.
            ``(2) Wildfire.--The term `wildfire' has the meaning given 
        that term in section 2 of the Emergency Wildfire Suppression 
        Act (42 U.S.C. 1856m).
            ``(3) Wildfire suppression.--The term `wildfire 
        suppression' means an effort to contain, extinguish, or 
        suppress a wildfire.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--The table of sections for chapter 2 of 
title 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item 
relating to section 40 the following:

``40A. Operation of unauthorized unmanned aircraft over wildfires.''.

SEC. 383. AIRPORT SAFETY AND AIRSPACE HAZARD MITIGATION AND 
              ENFORCEMENT.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 448 of title 49, United States Code, as 
amended by this Act, is further amended by inserting at the end the 
following:
``Sec. 44810. Airport safety and airspace hazard mitigation and 
              enforcement
    ``(a) Coordination.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
Administration shall work with the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary 
of Homeland Security, and the heads of other relevant Federal 
departments and agencies for the purpose of ensuring that technologies 
or systems that are developed, tested, or deployed by Federal 
departments and agencies to detect and mitigate potential risks posed 
by errant or hostile unmanned aircraft system operations do not 
adversely impact or interfere with safe airport operations, navigation, 
air traffic services, or the safe and efficient operation of the 
national airspace system.
    ``(b) Plan.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Administrator shall develop a plan 
        for the certification, permitting, authorizing, or allowing of 
        the deployment of technologies or systems for the detection and 
        mitigation of unmanned aircraft systems.
            ``(2) Contents.--The plan shall provide for the development 
        of policies, procedures, or protocols that will allow 
        appropriate officials of the Federal Aviation Administration to 
        utilize such technologies or systems to take steps to detect 
        and mitigate potential airspace safety risks posed by unmanned 
        aircraft system operations.
            ``(3) Aviation rulemaking committee.--The Administrator 
        shall charter an aviation rulemaking committee to make 
        recommendations for such a plan and any standards that the 
        Administrator determines may need to be developed with respect 
        to such technologies or systems. The Federal Advisory Committee 
        Act (5 U.S.C. App.) shall not apply to an aviation rulemaking 
        committee chartered under this paragraph.
            ``(4) Non-delegation.--The plan shall not delegate any 
        authority granted to the Administrator under this section to 
        other Federal, State, local, territorial, or tribal agencies, 
        or an airport sponsor, as defined in section 47102 of title 49, 
        United States Code.
    ``(c) Airspace Hazard Mitigation Program.--In order to test and 
evaluate technologies or systems that detect and mitigate potential 
aviation safety risks posed by unmanned aircraft, the Administrator 
shall deploy such technologies or systems at 5 airports, including 1 
airport that ranks in the top 10 of the FAA's most recent Passenger 
Boarding Data.
    ``(d) Authority.--Under the testing and evaluation in subsection 
(c), the Administrator shall use unmanned aircraft detection and 
mitigation systems to detect and mitigate the unauthorized operation of 
an unmanned aircraft that poses a risk to aviation safety.
    ``(e) Aip Funding Eligibility.--Upon the certification, permitting, 
authorizing, or allowing of such technologies and systems that have 
been successfully tested under this section, an airport sponsor may 
apply for a grant under subchapter I of chapter 471 to purchase an 
unmanned aircraft detection and mitigation system. For purposes of this 
subsection, purchasing an unmanned aircraft detection and mitigation 
system shall be considered airport development (as defined in section 
47102).
    ``(f) Briefing.--The Administrator shall annually brief the 
appropriate committees of Congress, including the Committee on 
Judiciary of the House of Representatives and the Committee on the 
Judiciary of the Senate, on the implementation of this section.
    ``(g) Applicability of Other Laws.--Section 46502 of this title, 
section 32 of title 18, United States Code (commonly known as the 
Aircraft Sabotage Act), section 1031 of title 18, United States Code 
(commonly known as the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act of 1986), sections 
2510-2522 of title 18, United States Code (commonly known as the 
Wiretap Act), and sections 3121-3127 of title 18, United States Code 
(commonly known as the Pen/Trap Statute), shall not apply to activities 
authorized by the Administrator pursuant to subsection (c) and (d).
    ``(h) Sunset.--This section ceases to be effective September 30, 
2023.
    ``(i) Non-delegation.--The Administrator shall not delegate any 
authority granted to the Administrator under this section to other 
Federal, State, local, territorial, or tribal agencies, or an airport 
sponsor, as defined in section 47102 of title 49, United States Code. 
The Administrator may partner with other Federal agencies under this 
section, subject to any restrictions contained in such agencies' 
authority to operate counter unmanned aircraft systems.''.
    (b) Technical and Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) Table of contents.--The table of contents for chapter 
        448, as amended by this Act, is further amended by inserting at 
        the end the following:

``44810. Airport safety and airspace hazard mitigation and 
                            enforcement.''.
            (2) Pilot project for airport safety and airspace hazard 
        mitigation.--Section 2206 of the FAA Extension, Safety, and 
        Security Act of 2016 (Public Law 114-190; 130 Stat. 615) and 
        the item relating to that section in the table of contents 
        under section 1(b) of that Act are repealed.

SEC. 384. UNSAFE OPERATION OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 2 of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended by inserting after section 39A the following:
``Sec. 39B. Unsafe operation of unmanned aircraft
    ``(a) Offense.--Any person who operates an unmanned aircraft and:
            ``(1) Knowingly interferes with, or disrupts the operation 
        of, an aircraft carrying 1 or more occupants operating in the 
        special aircraft jurisdiction of the United States, in a manner 
        that poses an imminent safety hazard to such occupants, shall 
        be punished as provided in subsection (c).
            ``(2) Recklessly interferes with, or disrupts the operation 
        of, an aircraft carrying 1 or more occupants operating in the 
        special aircraft jurisdiction of the United States, in a manner 
        that poses an imminent safety hazard to such occupants, shall 
        be punished as provided in subsection (c).
    ``(b) Operation of Unmanned Aircraft in Close Proximity to 
Airports.--
            ``(1) In general.--Any person who, without authorization, 
        knowingly operates an unmanned aircraft within a runway 
        exclusion zone shall be punished as provided in subsection (c).
            ``(2) Runway exclusion zone defined.--In this subsection, 
        the term `runway exclusion zone' means a rectangular area--
                    ``(A) centered on the centerline of an active 
                runway of an airport immediately around which the 
                airspace is designated as class B, class C, or class D 
                airspace at the surface under part 71 of title 14, Code 
                of Federal Regulations; and
                    ``(B) the length of which extends parallel to the 
                runway's centerline to points that are 1 statute mile 
                from each end of the runway and the width of which is 
                \1/2\ statute mile.
    ``(c) Penalty.--
            ``(1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), the 
        punishment for an offense under subsections (a) or (b) shall be 
        a fine under this title, imprisonment for not more than 1 year, 
        or both.
            ``(2) Serious bodily injury or death.--Any person who:
                    ``(A) Causes serious bodily injury or death during 
                the commission of an offense under subsection (a)(2) 
                shall be fined under this title, imprisoned for a term 
                of up to 10 years, or both.
                    ``(B) Causes, or attempts or conspires to cause, 
                serious bodily injury or death during the commission of 
                an offense under subsections (a)(1) and (b) shall be 
                fined under this title, imprisoned for any term of 
                years or for life, or both.''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for chapter 2 of 
title 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item 
relating to section 39A the following:

``39B. Unsafe operation of unmanned aircraft.''.

                  Subtitle C--General Aviation Safety

SEC. 391. SHORT TITLE.

    This subtitle may be cited as the ``Fairness for Pilots Act''.

SEC. 392. EXPANSION OF PILOT'S BILL OF RIGHTS.

    (a) Notification of Investigation.--Subsection (b) of section 2 of 
the Pilot's Bill of Rights (Public Law 112-153; 126 Stat. 1159; 49 
U.S.C. 44703 note) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (2)(A), by inserting ``and the specific 
        activity on which the investigation is based'' after ``nature 
        of the investigation'';
            (2) in paragraph (3), by striking ``timely''; and
            (3) in paragraph (5), by striking ``section 44709(c)(2)'' 
        and inserting ``section 44709(e)(2)''.
    (b) Release of Investigative Reports.--Section 2 of the Pilot's 
Bill of Rights (Public Law 112-153; 126 Stat. 1159; 49 U.S.C. 44703 
note) is further amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(f) Release of Investigative Reports.--
            ``(1) In general.--
                    ``(A) Emergency orders.--In any proceeding 
                conducted under part 821 of title 49, Code of Federal 
                Regulations, relating to the amendment, modification, 
                suspension, or revocation of an airman certificate, in 
                which the Administrator issues an emergency order under 
                subsections (d) and (e) of section 44709, section 
                44710, or section 46105(c) of title 49, United States 
                Code, or another order that takes effect immediately, 
                the Administrator shall provide, upon request, to the 
                individual holding the airman certificate the 
                releasable portion of the investigative report at the 
                time the Administrator issues the order. If the 
                complete Report of Investigation is not available at 
                the time of the request, the Administrator shall issue 
                all portions of the report that are available at the 
                time and shall provide the full report not later than 5 
                days after its completion.
                    ``(B) Other orders.--In any nonemergency proceeding 
                conducted under part 821 of title 49, Code of Federal 
                Regulations, relating to the amendment, modification, 
                suspension, or revocation of an airman certificate, in 
                which the Administrator notifies the certificate holder 
                of a proposed certificate action under subsections (b) 
                and (c) of section 44709 or section 44710 of title 49, 
                United States Code, the Administrator shall, upon the 
                written request of the covered certificate holder and 
                at any time after that notification, provide to the 
                covered certificate holder the releasable portion of 
                the investigative report.
            ``(2) Motion for dismissal.--If the Administrator does not 
        provide the releasable portions of the investigative report to 
        the individual holding the airman certificate subject to the 
        proceeding referred to in paragraph (1) by the time required by 
        that paragraph, the individual may move to dismiss the 
        complaint of the Administrator or for other relief and, unless 
        the Administrator establishes good cause for the failure to 
        provide the investigative report or for a lack of timeliness, 
        the administrative law judge shall order such relief as the 
        judge considers appropriate.
            ``(3) Releasable portion of investigative report.--For 
        purposes of paragraph (1), the releasable portion of an 
        investigative report is all information in the report, except 
        for the following:
                    ``(A) Information that is privileged.
                    ``(B) Information that constitutes work product or 
                reflects internal deliberative process.
                    ``(C) Information that would disclose the identity 
                of a confidential source.
                    ``(D) Information the disclosure of which is 
                prohibited by any other provision of law.
                    ``(E) Information that is not relevant to the 
                subject matter of the proceeding.
                    ``(F) Information the Administrator can demonstrate 
                is withheld for good cause.
                    ``(G) Sensitive security information, as defined in 
                section 15.5 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations 
                (or any corresponding similar ruling or regulation).
            ``(4) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this subsection 
        shall be construed to prevent the Administrator from releasing 
        to an individual subject to an investigation described in 
        subsection (b)(1)--
                    ``(A) information in addition to the information 
                included in the releasable portion of the investigative 
                report; or
                    ``(B) a copy of the investigative report before the 
                Administrator issues a complaint.''.

SEC. 393. NOTIFICATION OF REEXAMINATION OF CERTIFICATE HOLDERS.

    (a) In General.--Section 44709(a) of title 49, United States Code, 
is amended--
            (1) by striking ``The Administrator'' and inserting the 
        following:
            ``(1) In general.--The Administrator'';
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) Notification of reexamination of airman.--Before 
        taking any action to reexamine an airman under paragraph (1) 
        the Administrator shall provide to the airman--
                    ``(A) a reasonable basis, described in detail, for 
                requesting the reexamination; and
                    ``(B) any information gathered by the Federal 
                Aviation Administration, that the Administrator 
                determines is appropriate to provide, such as the scope 
                and nature of the requested reexamination, that formed 
                the basis for that justification.''.

SEC. 394. EXPEDITING UPDATES TO NOTAM PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--Beginning on the date that is 180 days after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator may not take any 
enforcement action against any individual for a violation of a NOTAM 
(as defined in section 3 of the Pilot's Bill of Rights (49 U.S.C. 44701 
note)) until the Administrator certifies to the appropriate committees 
of Congress that the Administrator has complied with the requirements 
of section 3 of the Pilot's Bill of Rights, as amended by this section.
    (b) Amendments.--Section 3 of the Pilot's Bill of Rights (Public 
Law 112-153; 126 Stat. 1162; 49 U.S.C. 44701 note) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(2)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A)--
                            (i) by striking ``this Act'' and inserting 
                        ``the Fairness for Pilots Act''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``begin'' and inserting 
                        ``complete the implementation of'';
                    (B) by amending subparagraph (B) to read as 
                follows:
                    ``(B) to continue developing and modernizing the 
                NOTAM repository, in a public central location, to 
                maintain and archive all NOTAMs, including the original 
                content and form of the notices, the original date of 
                publication, and any amendments to such notices with 
                the date of each amendment, in a manner that is 
                Internet-accessible, machine-readable, and 
                searchable;'';
                    (C) in subparagraph (C), by striking the period at 
                the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                    (D) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(D) to specify the times during which temporary 
                flight restrictions are in effect and the duration of a 
                designation of special use airspace in a specific 
                area.''; and
            (2) by amending subsection (d) to read as follows:
    ``(d) Designation of Repository as Sole Source for NOTAMs.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Administrator--
                    ``(A) shall consider the repository for NOTAMs 
                under subsection (a)(2)(B) to be the sole location for 
                airmen to check for NOTAMs; and
                    ``(B) may not consider a NOTAM to be announced or 
                published until the NOTAM is included in the repository 
                for NOTAMs under subsection (a)(2)(B).
            ``(2) Prohibition on taking action for violations of notams 
        not in repository.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Except as provided in 
                subparagraph (B), beginning on the date that the 
                repository under subsection (a)(2)(B) is final and 
                published, the Administrator may not take any 
                enforcement action against an airman for a violation of 
                a NOTAM during a flight if--
                            ``(i) that NOTAM is not available through 
                        the repository before the commencement of the 
                        flight; and
                            ``(ii) that NOTAM is not reasonably 
                        accessible and identifiable to the airman.
                    ``(B) Exception for national security.--
                Subparagraph (A) shall not apply in the case of an 
                enforcement action for a violation of a NOTAM that 
                directly relates to national security.''.

SEC. 395. ACCESSIBILITY OF CERTAIN FLIGHT DATA.

    (a) In General.--Subchapter I of chapter 471 of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended by inserting after section 47124 the following:
``Sec. 47124a. Accessibility of certain flight data
    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Administration.--The term `Administration' means the 
        Federal Aviation Administration.
            ``(2) Administrator.--The term `Administrator' means the 
        Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration.
            ``(3) Applicable individual.--The term `applicable 
        individual' means an individual who is the subject of an 
        investigation initiated by the Administrator related to a 
        covered flight record.
            ``(4) Contract tower.--The term `contract tower' means an 
        air traffic control tower providing air traffic control 
        services pursuant to a contract with the Administration under 
        section 47124.
            ``(5) Covered flight record.--The term `covered flight 
        record' means any air traffic data (as defined in section 
        2(b)(4)(B) of the Pilot's Bill of Rights (49 U.S.C. 44703 
        note)), created, maintained, or controlled by any program of 
        the Administration, including any program of the Administration 
        carried out by employees or contractors of the Administration, 
        such as contract towers, flight service stations, and 
        controller training programs.
    ``(b) Provision of Covered Flight Record to Administration.--
            ``(1) Requests.--Whenever the Administration receives a 
        written request for a covered flight record from an applicable 
        individual and the covered flight record is not in the 
        possession of the Administration, the Administrator shall 
        request the covered flight record from the contract tower or 
        other contractor of the Administration in possession of the 
        covered flight record.
            ``(2) Provision of records.--Any covered flight record 
        created, maintained, or controlled by a contract tower or 
        another contractor of the Administration that maintains covered 
        flight records shall be provided to the Administration if the 
        Administration requests the record pursuant to paragraph (1).
            ``(3) Notice of proposed certificate action.--If the 
        Administrator has issued, or subsequently issues, a Notice of 
        Proposed Certificate Action relying on evidence contained in 
        the covered flight record and the individual who is the subject 
        of an investigation has requested the record, the Administrator 
        shall promptly produce the record and extend the time the 
        individual has to respond to the Notice of Proposed Certificate 
        Action until the covered flight record is provided.
    ``(c) Implementation.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date 
        of enactment of the Fairness for Pilots Act, the Administrator 
        shall promulgate regulations or guidance to ensure compliance 
        with this section.
            ``(2) Compliance by contractors.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Compliance with this section by 
                a contract tower or other contractor of the 
                Administration that maintains covered flight records 
                shall be included as a material term in any contract 
                between the Administration and the contract tower or 
                contractor entered into or renewed on or after the date 
                of enactment of the Fairness for Pilots Act.
                    ``(B) Nonapplicability.--Subparagraph (A) shall not 
                apply to any contract or agreement in effect on the 
                date of enactment of the Fairness for Pilots Act unless 
                the contract or agreement is renegotiated, renewed, or 
                modified after that date.
    ``(d) Protection of Certain Data.--The Administrator of the Federal 
Aviation Administration may withhold information that would otherwise 
be required to be made available under section only if--
            ``(1) the Administrator determines, based on information in 
        the possession of the Administrator, that the Administrator may 
        withhold the information in accordance with section 552a of 
        title 5, United States Code; or
            ``(2) the information is submitted pursuant to a voluntary 
        safety reporting program covered by section 40123 of title 49, 
        United States Code.''.
    (b) Technical and Conforming Amendments.--The table of contents for 
chapter 471 is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 
47124 the following:

``47124a. Accessibility of certain flight data.''.

SEC. 396. AUTHORITY FOR LEGAL COUNSEL TO ISSUE CERTAIN NOTICES.

    Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator shall designate the appropriate legal counsel of the 
Administration as an appropriate official for purposes of section 13.11 
of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.

                   TITLE IV--AIR SERVICE IMPROVEMENTS

           Subtitle A--Airline Customer Service Improvements

SEC. 401. DEFINITIONS.

    In this title:
            (1) Covered air carrier.--The term ``covered air carrier'' 
        means an air carrier or a foreign air carrier as those terms 
        are defined in section 40102 of title 49, United States Code.
            (2) Online service.--The term ``online service'' means any 
        service available over the internet, or that connects to the 
        internet or a wide-area network.
            (3) Ticket agent.--The term ``ticket agent'' has the 
        meaning given the term in section 40102 of title 49, United 
        States Code.

SEC. 402. RELIABLE AIR SERVICE IN AMERICAN SAMOA.

    Section 40109(g) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (2) by striking subparagraph (C) and 
        inserting the following:
            ``(C) review the exemption at least every 30 days (or, in 
        the case of an exemption that is necessary to provide and 
        sustain air transportation in American Samoa between the 
        islands of Tutuila and Manu'a, at least every 180 days) to 
        ensure that the unusual circumstances that established the need 
        for the exemption still exist.''; and
            (2) by striking paragraph (3) and inserting the following:
            ``(3) Renewal of exemptions.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Except as provided in 
                subparagraph (B), the Secretary may renew an exemption 
                (including renewals) under this subsection for not more 
                than 30 days.
                    ``(B) Exception.--The Secretary may renew an 
                exemption (including renewals) under this subsection 
                that is necessary to provide and sustain air 
                transportation in American Samoa between the islands of 
                Tutuila and Manu'a for not more than 180 days.
            ``(4) Continuation of exemptions.--An exemption granted by 
        the Secretary under this subsection may continue for not more 
        than 5 days after the unusual circumstances that established 
        the need for the exemption cease.''.

SEC. 403. CELL PHONE VOICE COMMUNICATION BAN.

    (a) In General.--Subchapter I of chapter 417 of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 41725. Prohibition on certain cell phone voice communications
    ``(a) Prohibition.--The Secretary of Transportation shall issue 
regulations--
            ``(1) to prohibit an individual on an aircraft from 
        engaging in voice communications using a mobile communications 
        device during a flight of that aircraft in scheduled passenger 
        interstate or intrastate air transportation; and
            ``(2) that exempt from the prohibition described in 
        paragraph (1) any--
                    ``(A) member of the flight crew on duty on an 
                aircraft;
                    ``(B) flight attendant on duty on an aircraft; and
                    ``(C) Federal law enforcement officer acting in an 
                official capacity.
    ``(b) Definitions.--In this section, the following definitions 
apply:
            ``(1) Flight.--The term `flight' means, with respect to an 
        aircraft, the period beginning when the aircraft takes off and 
        ending when the aircraft lands.
            ``(2) Mobile communications device.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The term `mobile communications 
                device' means any portable wireless telecommunications 
                equipment utilized for the transmission or reception of 
                voice data.
                    ``(B) Limitation.--The term `mobile communications 
                device' does not include a phone installed on an 
                aircraft.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 417 of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item relating to 
section 41724 the following:

``41725. Prohibition on certain cell phone voice communications.''.

SEC. 404. IMPROVED NOTIFICATION OF INSECTICIDE USE.

    Section 42303(b) of title 49, United States Code, is amended to 
read as follows:
    ``(b) Required Disclosures.--An air carrier, foreign air carrier, 
or ticket agent selling, in the United States, a ticket for a flight in 
foreign air transportation to a country listed on the internet website 
established under subsection (a) shall--
            ``(1) disclose, on its own internet website or through 
        other means, that the destination country may require the air 
        carrier or foreign air carrier to treat an aircraft passenger 
        cabin with insecticides prior to the flight or to apply an 
        aerosol insecticide in an aircraft cabin used for such a flight 
        when the cabin is occupied with passengers; and
            ``(2) refer the purchaser of the ticket to the internet 
        website established under subsection (a) for additional 
        information.''.

SEC. 405. CONSUMER COMPLAINTS HOTLINE.

    Section 42302 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding 
at the end the following:
    ``(d) Use of New Technologies.--The Secretary shall periodically 
evaluate the benefits of using mobile phone applications or other 
widely used technologies to provide new means for air passengers to 
communicate complaints in addition to the telephone number established 
under subsection (a) and shall provide such new means as the Secretary 
determines appropriate.''.

SEC. 406. CONSUMER INFORMATION ON ACTUAL FLIGHT TIMES.

    (a) Study.--The Secretary of Transportation shall conduct a study 
on the feasibility and advisability of modifying regulations contained 
in section 234.11 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, to ensure 
that--
            (1) a reporting carrier (including its contractors), during 
        the course of a reservation or ticketing discussion or other 
        inquiry, discloses to a consumer upon reasonable request the 
        projected period between the actual wheels-off and wheels-on 
        times for a reportable flight; and
            (2) a reporting carrier displays, on the public internet 
        website of the carrier, information on the actual wheels-off 
        and wheels-on times during the most recent calendar month for a 
        reportable flight.
    (b) Definitions.--In this section, the terms ``reporting carrier'' 
and ``reportable flight'' have the meanings given those terms in 
section 234.2 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on 
the date of enactment of this Act).
    (c) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Transportation 
and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on 
Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a report on the 
results of the study.

SEC. 407. TRAINING POLICIES REGARDING RACIAL, ETHNIC, AND RELIGIOUS 
              NONDISCRIMINATION.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States 
shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress and the 
Secretary of Transportation a report describing--
            (1) each air carrier's training policy for its employees 
        and contractors regarding racial, ethnic, and religious 
        nondiscrimination; and
            (2) how frequently an air carrier is required to train new 
        employees and contractors because of turnover in positions that 
        require such training.
    (b) Best Practices.--After the date the report is submitted under 
subsection (a), the Secretary shall develop and disseminate to air 
carriers best practices necessary to improve the training policies 
described in subsection (a), based on the findings of the report and in 
consultation with--
            (1) passengers of diverse racial, ethnic, and religious 
        backgrounds;
            (2) national organizations that represent impacted 
        communities;
            (3) air carriers;
            (4) airport operators; and
            (5) contract service providers.

SEC. 408. TRAINING ON HUMAN TRAFFICKING FOR CERTAIN STAFF.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 447 of title 49, United States Code, as 
amended by this Act, is further amended by adding at the end the 
following:
``Sec. 44738. Training on human trafficking for certain staff
    ``In addition to other training requirements, each air carrier 
shall provide training to ticket counter agents, gate agents, and other 
air carrier workers whose jobs require regular interaction with 
passengers on recognizing and responding to potential human trafficking 
victims.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 447 of title 49, 
United States Code, as amended by this Act, is further amended by 
adding at the end the following:

``44738. Training on human trafficking for certain staff.''.

SEC. 409. PROHIBITIONS AGAINST SMOKING ON PASSENGER FLIGHTS.

    Section 41706 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsection (d) as subsection (e); and
            (2) by inserting after subsection (c) the following:
    ``(d) Electronic Cigarettes.--
            ``(1) Inclusion.--The use of an electronic cigarette shall 
        be treated as smoking for purposes of this section.
            ``(2) Electronic cigarette defined.--In this section, the 
        term `electronic cigarette' means a device that delivers 
        nicotine to a user of the device in the form of a vapor that is 
        inhaled to simulate the experience of smoking.''.

SEC. 410. REPORT ON BAGGAGE REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.

    Not later than 6 months after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Secretary of Transportation shall--
            (1) study and publicize for comment a cost-benefit analysis 
        to air carriers and consumers of changing the baggage reporting 
        requirements of section 234.6 of title 14, Code of Federal 
        Regulations, before the implementation of such requirements; 
        and
            (2) submit a report on the findings of the cost-benefit 
        analysis to the appropriate committees of Congress.

SEC. 411. ENFORCEMENT OF AVIATION CONSUMER PROTECTION RULES.

    (a) In General.--The Comptroller General of the United States shall 
conduct a study to consider and evaluate Department of Transportation 
enforcement of aviation consumer protection rules.
    (b) Contents.--The study under subsection (a) shall include an 
evaluation of--
            (1) available enforcement mechanisms;
            (2) any obstacles to enforcement; and
            (3) trends in Department of Transportation enforcement 
        actions.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a report on the study, including the Comptroller 
General's findings, conclusions, and recommendations.

SEC. 412. STROLLERS.

    (a) In General.--Subchapter I of chapter 417 of title 49, United 
States Code, as amended by this Act, is further amended by adding at 
the end the following:
``Sec. 41726. Strollers
    ``(a) In General.--Except as provided in subsection (b), a covered 
air carrier shall not deny a passenger the ability to check a stroller 
at the departure gate if the stroller is being used by a passenger to 
transport a child traveling on the same flight as the passenger.
    ``(b) Exception.--Subsection (a) shall not apply in instances where 
the size or weight of the stroller poses a safety or security risk.
    ``(c) Covered Air Carrier Defined.--In this section, the term 
`covered air carrier' means an air carrier or a foreign air carrier as 
those terms are defined in section 40102 of title 49, United States 
Code.''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The analysis for chapter 417 of title 49, 
United States Code, is further amended by inserting after the item 
relating to section 41725 the following:

``41726. Strollers.''.

SEC. 413. CAUSES OF AIRLINE DELAYS OR CANCELLATIONS.

    (a) Review.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation, in 
        consultation with the Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
        Administration, shall review the categorization of delays and 
        cancellations with respect to air carriers that are required to 
        report such data.
            (2) Considerations.--In conducting the review under 
        paragraph (1), the Secretary shall consider, at a minimum--
                    (A) whether delays and cancellations were the 
                result of--
                            (i) decisions or matters within the control 
                        or within the discretion of the Federal 
                        Aviation Administration, including ground stop 
                        or delay management programs in response to 
                        adverse weather conditions;
                            (ii) business decisions or other matters 
                        within the air carrier's control or discretion 
                        in response to adverse weather conditions, 
                        including efforts to disrupt the travel of the 
                        fewest number of passengers; or
                            (iii) other factors;
                    (B) if the data indicate whether and to what extent 
                delays and cancellations attributed by an air carrier 
                to weather disproportionately impact service to smaller 
                airports and communities;
                    (C) whether it is an unfair or deceptive practice 
                for an air carrier to inform a passenger that a flight 
                is delayed or cancelled due to weather alone when other 
                factors are involved;
                    (D) limitations, if any, in the Federal Aviation 
                Administration air traffic control systems that reduce 
                the capacity or efficiency of the national airspace 
                system during adverse weather events; and
                    (E) relevant analytical work by academic 
                institutions.
            (3) Consultation.--The Secretary may consult air carriers 
        and the Advisory Committee for Aviation Consumer Protection, 
        established under section 411 of the FAA Modernization and 
        Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 42301 prec. note), to assist in 
        conducting the review and providing recommendations on 
        improving the quality and quantity of information provided to 
        passengers adversely affected by a cancellation or delay.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 90 days after the date the review under 
subsection (a) is complete, the Secretary shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress a report on the review under 
subsection (a), including any recommendations.
    (c) Savings Provision.--Nothing in this section shall be construed 
as affecting or penalizing--
            (1) the decision of an air carrier to maximize its system 
        capacity during weather-related events to accommodate the 
        greatest number of passengers; or
            (2) any decisions of an air carrier or the Federal Aviation 
        Administration in any matter related to or affecting the safety 
        of any person.

SEC. 414. INVOLUNTARY CHANGES TO ITINERARIES.

    (a) Review.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall 
        review the rate at which air carriers change passenger 
        itineraries more than 24 hours before departure, where the new 
        itineraries involve additional stops or depart 3 hours earlier 
        or later than originally scheduled and compensation or other 
        suitable air transportation is not offered. In conducting the 
        review, the Secretary shall consider the compensation and 
        alternative travel options provided or offered by the air 
        carrier in such situations.
            (2) Consultation.--The Secretary may consult with air 
        carriers and the Advisory Committee for Aviation Consumer 
        Protection, established under section 411 of the FAA 
        Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 42301 prec. 
        note), to assist in conducting the review and providing 
        recommendations.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 90 days after the date the review under 
subsection (a) is complete, the Secretary shall submit to appropriate 
committees of Congress a report on the review under subsection (a).

SEC. 415. EXTENSION OF ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR AVIATION CONSUMER 
              PROTECTION.

    Section 411 of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49 
U.S.C. 42301 prec. note) is amended in subsection (h) by striking 
``2018'' and inserting ``2023''.

SEC. 416. ONLINE ACCESS TO AVIATION CONSUMER PROTECTION INFORMATION.

    Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Secretary of Transportation shall--
            (1) complete an evaluation of the aviation consumer 
        protection portion of the Department of Transportation's public 
        internet website to identify any changes to the user interface, 
        including the interface presented to individuals accessing the 
        website from a mobile device, that will improve usability, 
        accessibility, consumer satisfaction, and website performance;
            (2) in completing the evaluation under paragraph (1)--
                    (A) consider the best practices of other Federal 
                agencies with effective websites; and
                    (B) consult with the Federal Web Managers Council;
            (3) develop a plan, including an implementation timeline, 
        for--
                    (A) making the changes identified under paragraph 
                (1); and
                    (B) making any necessary changes to that portion of 
                the website that will enable a consumer, in a manner 
                that protects the privacy of consumers and employees, 
                to--
                            (i) access information regarding each 
                        complaint filed with the Aviation Consumer 
                        Protection Division of the Department of 
                        Transportation;
                            (ii) search the complaints described in 
                        clause (i) by the name of the air carrier, the 
                        dates of departure and arrival, the airports of 
                        origin and departure, and the type of 
                        complaint; and
                            (iii) determine the date a complaint was 
                        filed and the date a complaint was resolved; 
                        and
            (4) submit the evaluation and plan to appropriate 
        committees of Congress.

SEC. 417. PROTECTION OF PETS ON AIRPLANES.

    (a) Prohibition.--Chapter 447 of title 49, United States Code, is 
further amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 44739. Pets on airplanes
    ``(a) Prohibition.--It shall be unlawful for any person to place a 
live animal in an overhead storage compartment of an aircraft operated 
under part 121 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.
    ``(b) Civil Penalty.--The Administrator may impose a civil penalty 
under section 46301 for each violation of this section.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 447 of title 
49, United States Code, is further amended by adding at the end the 
following:

``44739. Pets on airplanes.''.

SEC. 418. ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON AIR AMBULANCE AND PATIENT BILLING.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 60 days after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation, in consultation with the 
Secretary of Health and Human Services, shall establish an advisory 
committee for the purpose of reviewing options to improve the 
disclosure of charges and fees for air medical services, better inform 
consumers of insurance options for such services, and protect consumers 
from balance billing.
    (b) Composition of the Advisory Committee.--The advisory committee 
shall be composed of the following members:
            (1) The Secretary of Transportation, or the Secretary's 
        designee.
            (2) The Secretary of Health and Human Services, or the 
        Secretary's designee.
            (3) One representative, to be appointed by the Secretary of 
        Transportation, of each of the following:
                    (A) Each relevant Federal agency, as determined by 
                the Secretary of Transportation.
                    (B) State insurance regulators
                    (C) Health insurance providers.
                    (D) Patient advocacy groups.
                    (E) Consumer advocacy groups.
                    (F) Physician specializing in emergency, trauma, 
                cardiac, or stroke.
            (4) Three representatives, to be appointed by the Secretary 
        of Transportation, to represent the various segments of the air 
        ambulance industry.
            (5) Additional three representatives not covered under 
        paragraphs (1) through (4), as determined necessary and 
        appropriate by the Secretary.
    (c) Consultation.--The advisory committee shall, as appropriate, 
consult with relevant experts and stakeholders not captured in (b) 
while conducting its review.
    (d) Recommendations.--The advisory committee shall make 
recommendations with respect to disclosure of charges and fees for air 
ambulance services and insurance coverage, consumer protection and 
enforcement authorities of both the Department of Transportation and 
State authorities, and the prevention of balance billing to consumers. 
The recommendations shall address, at a minimum--
            (1) the costs, benefits, practicability, and impact on all 
        stakeholders of clearly distinguishing between charges for air 
        transportation services and charges for non-air transportation 
        services in bills and invoices, including the costs, benefits, 
        and practicability of--
                    (A) developing cost-allocation methodologies to 
                separate charges for air transportation services from 
                charges for non-air transportation services; and
                    (B) formats for bills and invoices that clearly 
                distinguish between charges for air transportation 
                services and charges for non-air transportation 
                services;
            (2) options, best practices, and identified standards to 
        prevent instances of balance billing such as improving network 
        and contract negotiation, dispute resolution between health 
        insurance and air medical service providers, and explanation of 
        insurance coverage and subscription programs to consumers;
            (3) steps that can be taken by State legislatures, State 
        insurance regulators, State attorneys general, and other State 
        officials as appropriate, consistent with current legal 
        authorities regarding consumer protection;
            (4) recommendations made by the Comptroller General study, 
        GAO-17-637, including what additional data from air ambulance 
        providers and other sources should be collected by the 
        Department of Transportation to improve its understanding of 
        the air ambulance market and oversight of the air ambulance 
        industry for the purposes of pursuing action related to unfair 
        or deceptive practices or unfair methods of competition, which 
        may include--
                    (A) cost data;
                    (B) standard charges and payments received per 
                transport;
                    (C) whether the provider is part of a hospital-
                sponsored program, municipality-sponsored program, 
                hospital-independent partnership (hybrid) program, or 
                independent program;
                    (D) number of transports per base and helicopter;
                    (E) market shares of air ambulance providers 
                inclusive of any parent or holding companies;
                    (F) any data indicating the extent of competition 
                among air ambulance providers on the basis of price and 
                service;
                    (G) prices assessed to consumers and insurers for 
                air transportation and any non-transportation services 
                provided by air ambulance providers; and
                    (H) financial performance of air ambulance 
                providers;
            (5) definitions of all applicable terms that are not 
        defined in statute or regulations; and
            (6) other matters as determined necessary or appropriate.
    (e) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the first 
meeting of the advisory committee, the advisory committee shall submit 
to the Secretary of Transportation, the Secretary of Health and Human 
Services, and the appropriate committees of Congress a report 
containing the recommendations made under subsection (d).
    (f) Rulemaking.--Upon receipt of the report under subsection (e), 
the Secretary of Transportation shall consider the recommendations of 
the advisory committee and issue regulations or other guidance as 
deemed necessary--
            (1) to require air ambulance providers to regularly report 
        data to the Department of Transportation;
            (2) to increase transparency related to Department of 
        Transportation actions related to consumer complaints; and
            (3) to provide other consumer protections for customers of 
        air ambulance providers.
    (g) Elimination of Advisory Council on Transportation Statistics.--
The Advisory Council on Transportation Statistics shall terminate on 
the date of enactment of this Act.

SEC. 419. AIR AMBULANCE COMPLAINTS TO THE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION.

    (a) Consumer Complaints.--Section 42302 of title 49, United States 
Code, is further amended--
            (1) in subsection (a) by inserting ``(including 
        transportation by air ambulance (as defined by the Secretary of 
        Transportation))'' after ``air transportation''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(e) Air Ambulance Providers.--Each air ambulance provider shall 
include the hotline telephone number, link to the Internet website 
established under subsection (a), and contact information for the 
Aviation Consumer Advocate established under section 425 on--
            ``(1) any invoice, bill, or other communication provided to 
        a passenger or customer of the provider; and
            ``(2) its Internet Web site, and any related mobile device 
        application.''.
    (b) Unfair and Deceptive Practices and Unfair Methods of 
Competition.--Section 41712(a) of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended by inserting ``air ambulance consumer (as defined by the 
Secretary of Transportation),'' after ``foreign air carrier,'' in the 
first place it appears.

SEC. 420. REPORT TO CONGRESS ON AIR AMBULANCE OVERSIGHT.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after submission of the 
report required under section 418, the Secretary of Transportation 
shall submit a report to the appropriate committees of Congress on air 
ambulance oversight.
    (b) Contents of Report.--The report required under subsection (a) 
shall include--
            (1) a description of how the Secretary will conduct 
        oversight of air ambulance providers, including the information 
        sources the Secretary will use to conduct such oversight; and
            (2) a timeline for the issuance of any guidance concerning 
        unfair and deceptive practices among air ambulance providers, 
        including guidance for States and political subdivisions of 
        States to refer such matters to the Secretary.

SEC. 421. REFUNDS FOR OTHER FEES THAT ARE NOT HONORED BY A COVERED AIR 
              CARRIER.

    Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Secretary of Transportation shall promulgate regulations that require 
each covered air carrier to promptly provide a refund to a passenger of 
any ancillary fees paid for services related to air travel that the 
passenger does not receive, including on the passenger's scheduled 
flight, on a subsequent replacement itinerary if there has been a 
rescheduling, or for a flight not taken by the passenger.

SEC. 422. ADVANCE BOARDING DURING PREGNANCY .

    Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Secretary of Transportation shall review air carrier policies 
regarding traveling during pregnancy and, if appropriate, may revise 
regulations, as the Secretary considers necessary, to require an air 
carrier to offer advance boarding of an aircraft to a pregnant 
passenger who requests such assistance.

SEC. 423. CONSUMER COMPLAINT PROCESS IMPROVEMENT.

    (a) In General.--Section 42302(c) of title 49, United States Code 
is amended--
            (1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking ``An 
        air carrier or foreign air carrier providing scheduled air 
        transportation using any aircraft that as originally designed 
        has a passenger capacity of 30 or more passenger seats'' and 
        inserting ``Each air carrier and foreign air carrier'';
            (2) in paragraph (1), by striking ``air carrier'' and 
        inserting ``carrier''; and
            (3) in paragraph (2), by striking ``air carrier'' and 
        inserting ``carrier''.
    (b) Rulemaking.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall promulgate 
regulations to implement the requirements of section 42302 of title 49, 
United States Code, as amended by this Act.

SEC. 424. AVIATION CONSUMER ADVOCATE.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary of Transportation shall review 
aviation consumer complaints received that allege a violation of law 
and, as appropriate, pursue enforcement or corrective actions that 
would be in the public interest.
    (b) Considerations.--In considering which cases to pursue for 
enforcement or corrective action under subsection (a), the Secretary 
shall consider--
            (1) the Air Carrier Access Act of 1986 (Public Law 99-435; 
        100 Stat. 1080);
            (2) unfair and deceptive practices by air carriers 
        (including air ambulance operators), foreign air carriers, and 
        ticket agents;
            (3) the terms and conditions agreed to between passengers 
        and air carriers (including air ambulance operators), foreign 
        air carriers, or ticket agents;
            (4) aviation consumer protection and tarmac delay 
        contingency planning requirements for both airports and 
        airlines;
            (5) protection of air ambulance consumers; and
            (6) any other applicable law.
    (c) Aviation Consumer Advocate.--
            (1) In general.--Within the Aviation Consumer Protection 
        Division of the Department of Transportation, there shall be an 
        Aviation Consumer Advocate.
            (2) Functions.--The Aviation Consumer Advocate shall--
                    (A) assist consumers in resolving carrier service 
                complaints filed with the Aviation Consumer Protection 
                Division;
                    (B) review the resolution by the Department of 
                Transportation of carrier service complaints;
                    (C) identify and recommend actions the Department 
                can take to improve the enforcement of aviation 
                consumer protection rules, protection of air ambulance 
                consumers, and resolution of carrier service 
                complaints; and
                    (D) identify and recommend regulations and policies 
                that can be amended to more effectively resolve carrier 
                service complaints.
    (d) Annual Reports.--The Secretary, through the Aviation Consumer 
Advocate, shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress an 
annual report summarizing the following:
            (1) The total number of annual complaints received by the 
        Department, including the number of complaints by the name of 
        each air carrier and foreign air carrier.
            (2) The total number of annual complaints by category of 
        complaint.
            (3) The number of complaints referred in the preceding year 
        for enforcement or corrective action by the Department.
            (4) Any recommendations under paragraphs (2)(C) and (2)(D) 
        of subsection (c).
            (5) Such other data as the Aviation Consumer Advocate 
        considers appropriate.
    (e) Sunset on Reporting Requirement.--The reporting requirement of 
subsection (d) shall terminate on September 30, 2023.

SEC. 425. TICKETS ACT.

    (a) Short Title.--This section may be cited as the ``Transparency 
Improvements and Compensation to Keep Every Ticketholder Safe Act of 
2018'' or the ``TICKETS Act''.
    (b) Boarded Passengers.--Beginning on the date of enactment of this 
Act, a covered air carrier may not deny a revenue passenger traveling 
on a confirmed reservation permission to board, or involuntarily remove 
that passenger from the aircraft, once a revenue passenger has--
            (1) checked in for the flight prior to the check-in 
        deadline; and
            (2) had their ticket or boarding pass collected or 
        electronically scanned and accepted by the gate agent.
    (c) Limitations.--The prohibition pursuant to subsection (b) shall 
not apply when--
            (1) there is a safety, security, or health risk with 
        respect to that revenue passenger or there is a safety or 
        security issue requiring removal of a revenue passenger; or
            (2) the revenue passenger is engaging in behavior that is 
        obscene, disruptive, or otherwise unlawful.
    (d) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section may be construed 
to limit or otherwise affect the responsibility or authority of a pilot 
in command of an aircraft under section 121.533 of title 14, Code of 
Federal Regulations, or limit any penalty under section 46504 of title 
49, United States Code.
    (e) Involuntary Denied Boarding Compensation.--Not later than 60 
days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of 
Transportation shall issue a final rule to revise part 250 of title 14, 
Code of Federal Regulations, to clarify that--
            (1) there is not a maximum level of compensation an air 
        carrier or foreign air carrier may pay to a passenger who is 
        involuntarily denied boarding as the result of an oversold 
        flight;
            (2) the compensation levels set forth in that part are the 
        minimum levels of compensation an air carrier or foreign air 
        carrier must pay to a passenger who is involuntarily denied 
        boarding as the result of an oversold flight; and
            (3) an air carrier or foreign air carrier must proactively 
        offer to pay compensation to a passenger who is voluntarily or 
        involuntarily denied boarding on an oversold flight, rather 
        than waiting until the passenger requests the compensation.
    (f) GAO Report on Oversales.--
            (1) In general.--The Comptroller General of the United 
        States shall review airline policies and practices related to 
        oversales of flights.
            (2) Considerations.--In conducting the review under 
        paragraph (1), the Comptroller General shall examine--
                    (A) the impact on passengers as a result of an 
                oversale, including increasing or decreasing the costs 
                of passenger air transportation;
                    (B) economic and operational factors which result 
                in oversales;
                    (C) whether, and if so how, the incidence of 
                oversales varies depending on markets;
                    (D) potential consequences on the limiting of 
                oversales; and
                    (E) best practices on how oversale policies can be 
                communicated to passengers at airline check-in desks 
                and airport gates.
            (3) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to 
        the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the review 
        under paragraph (2).
    (g) Gate Notice of Policies.--The Secretary may provide guidance on 
how these policies should be communicated at covered air carrier check-
in desks and airport gates.

SEC. 426. REPORT ON AVAILABILITY OF LAVATORIES ON COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT.

    Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress a report assessing--
            (1) the availability of functional lavatories on commercial 
        aircraft
            (2) the extent to which flights take off without functional 
        lavatories;
            (3) the ability of passengers with disabilities to access 
        lavatories on commercial aircraft;
            (4) the extent of complaints to the Department of 
        Transportation and air carriers related to lavatories and 
        efforts they have taken to address complaints; and
            (5) the extent to which air carriers are reducing the size 
        and number of lavatories to add more seats and whether this 
        creates passenger lavatory access issues.

SEC. 427. CONSUMER PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS RELATING TO LARGE TICKET 
              AGENTS.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall issue a 
final rule to require large ticket agents to adopt minimum customer 
service standards.
    (b) Purpose.--The purpose of the final rule shall be to ensure 
that, to the extent feasible, there is a consistent level of consumer 
protection regardless of where consumers purchase air fares and related 
air transportation services.
    (c) Standards.--In issuing the final rule, the Secretary shall 
consider, to the extent feasible, establishing standards consistent 
with all customer service and disclosure requirements applicable to 
covered air carriers under this title and associated regulations.
    (d) Definitions.--In this section, the following definitions apply:
            (1) Ticket agent.--
                    (A) In general.--Subject to subparagraph (B), the 
                term ``ticket agent'' has the meaning given that term 
                in section 40102(a) of title 49, United States Code.
                    (B) Inclusion.--The term ``ticket agent'' includes 
                a person who acts as an intermediary involved in the 
                sale of air transportation directly or indirectly to 
                consumers, including by operating an electronic airline 
                information system, if the person--
                            (i) holds the person out as a source of 
                        information about, or reservations for, the air 
                        transportation industry; and
                            (ii) receives compensation in any way 
                        related to the sale of air transportation.
            (2) Large ticket agent.--The term ``large ticket agent'' 
        means a ticket agent with annual revenues of $100,000,000 or 
        more.
    (e) Enforcement.--No large ticket agent may be found in 
noncompliance of any standard or requirement adopted in the final rule 
required by this section if--
            (1) the large ticket agent is unable to meet the new 
        standard or requirement due to the lack of information or data 
        from the covered air carrier and the information is required 
        for the large ticket agent to comply with such standard or 
        requirement; or
            (2) the sale of air transportation is made by a large 
        ticket agent pursuant to a specific corporate or government 
        fare management contract.

SEC. 428. WIDESPREAD DISRUPTIONS.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 423 of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 42304. Widespread disruptions
    ``(a) General Requirements.--In the event of a widespread 
disruption, a covered air carrier shall immediately publish, via a 
prominent link on the air carrier's public internet website, a clear 
statement indicating whether, with respect to a passenger of the air 
carrier whose travel is interrupted as a result of the widespread 
disruption, the air carrier will--
            ``(1) provide for hotel accommodations;
            ``(2) arrange for ground transportation;
            ``(3) provide meal vouchers;
            ``(4) arrange for air transportation on another air carrier 
        or foreign air carrier to the passenger's destination; and
            ``(5) provide for sleeping facilities inside the airport 
        terminal.
    ``(b) Definitions.--In this section, the following definitions 
apply:
            ``(1) Widespread disruption.--The term `widespread 
        disruption' means, with respect to a covered air carrier, the 
        interruption of all or the overwhelming majority of the air 
        carrier's systemwide flight operations, including flight delays 
        and cancellations, as the result of the failure of 1 or more 
        computer systems or computer networks of the air carrier.
            ``(2) Covered air carrier.--The term `covered air carrier' 
        means an air carrier that provides scheduled passenger air 
        transportation by operating an aircraft that as originally 
        designed has a passenger capacity of 30 or more seats.
    ``(c) Savings Provision.--Nothing in this section may be construed 
to modify, abridge, or repeal any obligation of an air carrier under 
section 42301.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 423 of title 
49, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:

``42304. Widespread disruptions.''.

SEC. 429. PASSENGER RIGHTS.

    (a) Guidelines.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall require each covered 
air carrier to submit a summarized 1-page document that describes the 
rights of passengers in air transportation, including guidelines for 
the following:
            (1) Compensation (regarding rebooking options, refunds, 
        meals, and lodging) for flight delays of various lengths.
            (2) Compensation (regarding rebooking options, refunds, 
        meals, and lodging) for flight diversions.
            (3) Compensation (regarding rebooking options, refunds, 
        meals, and lodging) for flight cancellations.
            (4) Compensation for mishandled baggage, including delayed, 
        damaged, pilfered, or lost baggage.
            (5) Voluntary relinquishment of a ticketed seat due to 
        overbooking or priority of other passengers.
            (6) Involuntary denial of boarding and forced removal for 
        whatever reason, including for safety and security reasons.
    (b) Filing of Summarized Guidelines.--Not later than 90 days after 
each air carrier submits its guidelines to the Secretary under 
subsection (a), the air carrier shall make available such 1-page 
document in a prominent location on its website.

            Subtitle B--Aviation Consumers With Disabilities

SEC. 431. AVIATION CONSUMERS WITH DISABILITIES STUDY.

    (a) Study.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct a 
study that includes--
            (1) a review of airport accessibility best practices for 
        individuals with disabilities, including best practices that 
        improve infrastructure facilities and communications methods, 
        including those related to wayfinding, amenities, and passenger 
        care;
            (2) a review of air carrier and airport training policies 
        related to section 41705 of title 49, United States Code;
            (3) a review of air carrier training policies related to 
        properly assisting passengers with disabilities; and
            (4) a review of accessibility best practices that exceed 
        those recommended under Public Law 90-480 (popularly known as 
        the Architectural Barriers Act of 1968; 42 U.S.C. 4151 et 
        seq.), the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 701 et seq.), 
        the Air Carrier Access Act of 1986 (Public Law 99-435; 100 
        Stat. 1080 et seq.), and the Americans with Disabilities Act of 
        1990 (42 U.S.C. 12101 et seq.).
    (b) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date the Comptroller 
General initiates the study under subsection (a), the Comptroller 
General shall submit to the Secretary of Transportation and the 
appropriate committees of Congress a report on the study, including 
findings and recommendations.

SEC. 432. STUDY ON IN-CABIN WHEELCHAIR RESTRAINT SYSTEMS.

    (a) Study.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance 
Board, in consultation with the Secretary of Transportation, aircraft 
manufacturers, air carriers, and disability advocates, shall conduct a 
study to determine--
            (1) the feasibility of in-cabin wheelchair restraint 
        systems; and
            (2) if feasible, the ways in which individuals with 
        significant disabilities using wheelchairs, including power 
        wheelchairs, can be accommodated with in-cabin wheelchair 
        restraint systems.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the initiation of the 
study under subsection (a), the Architectural and Transportation 
Barriers Compliance Board shall submit to the appropriate committees of 
Congress a report on the findings of the study.

SEC. 433. IMPROVING WHEELCHAIR ASSISTANCE FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH 
              DISABILITIES .

    Following the receipt of the report required under section 2107 of 
the FAA Extension, Safety, and Security Act of 2016 (Public Law 114-
190; 130 Stat. 622), the Secretary of Transportation shall develop, if 
appropriate, specific recommendations regarding improvements to 
wheelchair assistance provided by air carriers and recommendations on 
how training programs by air carriers can address consumer complaints 
regarding wheelchair assistance.

SEC. 434. AIRLINE PASSENGERS WITH DISABILITIES BILL OF RIGHTS.

    (a) Airline Passengers With Disabilities Bill of Rights.--The 
Secretary of Transportation shall develop a document, to be known as 
the ``Airline Passengers with Disabilities Bill of Rights'', using 
plain language to describe the basic protections and responsibilities 
of covered air carriers, their employees and contractors, and people 
with disabilities under the section 41705 of title 49, United States 
Code.
    (b) Content.--In developing the Airline Passengers with 
Disabilities Bill of Rights under subsection (a), the Secretary shall 
include, at a minimum, plain language descriptions of protections and 
responsibilities provided in law related to the following:
            (1) The right of passengers with disabilities to be treated 
        with dignity and respect.
            (2) The right of passengers with disabilities to receive 
        timely assistance, if requested, from properly trained covered 
        air carrier and contractor personnel.
            (3) The right of passengers with disabilities to travel 
        with wheelchairs, mobility aids, and other assistive devices, 
        including necessary medications and medical supplies, including 
        stowage of such wheelchairs, aids, and devices.
            (4) The right of passengers with disabilities to receive 
        seating accommodations, if requested, to accommodate a 
        disability.
            (5) The right of passengers with disabilities to receive 
        announcements in an accessible format.
            (6) The right of passengers with disabilities to speak with 
        a complaint resolution officer or to file a complaint with a 
        covered air carrier or the Department of Transportation.
    (c) Rule of Construction.--The development of the Airline 
Passengers with Disabilities Bill of Rights under subsections (a) and 
(b) shall not be construed as expanding or restricting the rights 
available to passengers with disabilities on the day before the date of 
the enactment of this Act pursuant to any statute or regulation.
    (d) Consultations.--In developing the Airline Passengers with 
Disabilities Bill of Rights under subsection (a), the Secretary of 
Transportation shall consult with stakeholders, including disability 
organizations and covered air carriers and their contractors.
    (e) Display.--Each covered air carrier shall include the Airline 
Passengers with Disabilities Bill of Rights--
            (1) on a publicly available internet website of the covered 
        air carrier; and
            (2) in any pre-flight notifications or communications 
        provided to passengers who alert the covered air carrier in 
        advance of the need for accommodations relating to a 
        disability.
    (f) Training.--Covered air carriers and contractors of covered air 
carriers shall submit to the Secretary of Transportation plans that 
ensure employees of covered air carriers and their contractors receive 
training on the protections and responsibilities described in the 
Airline Passengers with Disabilities Bill of Rights. The Secretary 
shall review such plans to ensure the plans address the matters 
described in subsection (b).

SEC. 435. SENSE OF CONGRESS REGARDING EQUAL ACCESS FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH 
              DISABILITIES.

    It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) the aviation industry and every relevant stakeholder 
        must work to ensure that every individual who experiences a 
        disability has equal access to air travel;
            (2) as technology and ease of travel continue to advance, 
        accessibility must be a priority; and
            (3) accommodations must--
                    (A) extend to every airport and service or facility 
                of an air carrier; and
                    (B) be inclusive of every disability.

SEC. 436. CIVIL PENALTIES RELATING TO HARM TO PASSENGERS WITH 
              DISABILITIES.

    Section 46301(a) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by 
adding at the end the following:
    ``(7) Penalties Relating to Harm to Passengers With Disabilities.--
            ``(A) Penalty for bodily harm or damage to wheelchair or 
        other mobility aid.--The amount of a civil penalty assessed 
        under this section for a violation of section 41705 that 
        involves damage to a passenger's wheelchair or other mobility 
        aid or injury to a passenger with a disability may be increased 
        above the otherwise applicable maximum amount under this 
        section for a violation of section 41705 to an amount not to 
        exceed 3 times the maximum penalty otherwise allowed.
            ``(B) Each act constitutes separate offense.--
        Notwithstanding paragraph (2), a separate violation of section 
        41705 occurs for each act of discrimination prohibited by that 
        section.''.

SEC. 437. HARMONIZATION OF SERVICE ANIMAL STANDARDS.

    (a) Rulemaking.--The Secretary of Transportation shall conduct a 
rulemaking proceeding--
            (1) to define the term ``service animal'' for purposes of 
        air transportation; and
            (2) to develop minimum standards for what is required for 
        service and emotional support animals carried in aircraft 
        cabins.
    (b) Considerations.--In conducting the rulemaking under subsection 
(a), the Secretary shall consider, at a minimum--
            (1) whether to align the definition of ``service animal'' 
        with the definition of that term in regulations of the 
        Department of Justice implementing the Americans with 
        Disabilities Act of 1990 (Public Law 101-336);
            (2) reasonable measures to ensure pets are not claimed as 
        service animals, such as--
                    (A) whether to require photo identification for a 
                service animal identifying the type of animal, the 
                breed of animal, and the service the animal provides to 
                the passenger;
                    (B) whether to require documentation indicating 
                whether or not a service animal was trained by the 
                owner or an approved training organization;
                    (C) whether to require, from a licensed physician, 
                documentation indicating the mitigating task or tasks a 
                service animal provides to its owner; and
                    (D) whether to allow a passenger to be accompanied 
                by more than 1 service animal;
            (3) reasonable measures to ensure the safety of all 
        passengers, such as--
                    (A) whether to require health and vaccination 
                records for a service animal; and
                    (B) whether to require third-party proof of 
                behavioral training for a service animal;
            (4) the impact additional requirements on service animals 
        could have on access to air transportation for passengers with 
        disabilities; and
            (5) if impacts on access to air transportation for 
        passengers with disabilities are found, ways to eliminate or 
        mitigate those impacts.
    (c) Final Rule.--Not later than 18 months after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall issue a final rule pursuant 
to the rulemaking conducted under this section.

SEC. 438. REVIEW OF PRACTICES FOR TICKETING, PRE-FLIGHT SEAT 
              ASSIGNMENTS, AND STOWING OF ASSISTIVE DEVICES FOR 
              PASSENGERS WITH DISABILITIES.

    (a) Review.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 30 days after the first 
        meeting of the advisory committee on the air travel needs of 
        passengers with disabilities established in section 439 
        (referred to in this section as the ``Advisory Committee''), 
        the Secretary of Transportation shall direct the Advisory 
        Committee to review current regulations with respect to 
        practices for ticketing, pre-flight seat assignments, and 
        stowing of assistive devices for passengers with disabilities.
            (2) Recommendations.--In carrying out the review under 
        paragraph (1), the Advisory Committee shall, at a minimum, 
        provide recommendations on whether current regulations should 
        be modified or prescribed to--
                    (A) provide accommodations for passengers with 
                disabilities, if requested, in ticketing and pre-flight 
                assignments;
                    (B) require covered air carriers to provide 
                priority access to bulkhead seating to passengers with 
                disabilities who need access to features of those seats 
                due to disabilities regardless of class of service of 
                ticket purchased; and
                    (C) ensure passengers with disabilities are able to 
                stow assistive devices without cost.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 6 months after the date of their first 
meeting, the Advisory Committee shall submit to the Secretary of 
Transportation and the appropriate committees of Congress a report on 
the review conducted under subsection (a)(1), including the 
recommendations developed under subsection (a)(2).

SEC. 439. ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON THE AIR TRAVEL NEEDS OF PASSENGERS WITH 
              DISABILITIES.

    (a) Establishment.--The Secretary of Transportation shall establish 
an advisory committee on issues related to the air travel needs of 
passengers with disabilities (referred to in this section as the 
``Advisory Committee'').
    (b) Duties.--The Advisory Committee shall--
            (1) identify and assess the disability-related access 
        barriers encountered by passengers with disabilities;
            (2) determine the extent to which the programs and 
        activities of the Department of Transportation are addressing 
        the barriers identified in paragraph (1);
            (3) recommend consumer protection improvements to the air 
        travel experience of passengers with disabilities;
            (4) advise the Secretary with regard to the implementation 
        of section 41705 of title 49, United States Code; and
            (5) conduct such activities as the Secretary considers 
        necessary to carry out this section.
    (c) Membership.--
            (1) In general.--The Advisory Committee shall be composed 
        of at least 1 representative of each of the following groups:
                    (A) Passengers with disabilities.
                    (B) National disability organizations.
                    (C) Air carriers.
                    (D) Airport operators.
                    (E) Contractor service providers.
                    (F) Aircraft manufacturers.
                    (G) Wheelchair manufacturers.
                    (H) National veterans organizations representing 
                disabled veterans.
            (2) Appointment.--The Secretary of Transportation shall 
        appoint each member of the Advisory Committee.
            (3) Vacancies.--A vacancy in the Advisory Committee shall 
        be filled in the manner in which the original appointment was 
        made.
    (d) Chairperson.--The Secretary of Transportation shall designate, 
from among the members appointed under subsection (c), an individual to 
serve as chairperson of the Advisory Committee.
    (e) Travel Expenses.--Members of the Advisory Committee shall serve 
without pay, but shall receive travel expenses, including per diem in 
lieu of subsistence, in accordance with subchapter I of chapter 57 of 
title 5, United States Code.
    (f) Reports.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 14 months after the date of 
        establishment of the Advisory Committee, and annually 
        thereafter, the Advisory Committee shall submit to the 
        Secretary of Transportation a report on the needs of passengers 
        with disabilities in air travel, including--
                    (A) an assessment of existing disability-related 
                access barriers, and any emerging disability-related 
                access barriers that will likely be an issue in the 
                next 5 calendar years;
                    (B) an evaluation of the extent to which the 
                Department of Transportation's programs and activities 
                are eliminating disability-related access barriers;
                    (C) a description of the Advisory Committee's 
                actions;
                    (D) a description of improvements related to the 
                air travel experience of passengers with disabilities; 
                and
                    (E) any recommendations for legislation, 
                administrative action, or other action that the 
                Advisory Committee considers appropriate.
            (2) Report to congress.--Not later than 60 days after the 
        date the Secretary receives the report under paragraph (1), the 
        Secretary shall submit to the appropriate committees of 
        Congress a copy of the report, including any additional 
        findings or recommendations that the Secretary considers 
        appropriate.
    (g) Termination.--The Advisory Committee established under this 
section shall terminate on September 30, 2023.
    (h) Termination of the Next Generation Air Transportation System 
Senior Policy Committee.--The Next Generation Air Transportation System 
Senior Policy Committee established by the Secretary of Transportation 
shall terminate on the date of the initial appointment of the members 
of the Advisory Committee.

SEC. 440. REGULATIONS ENSURING ASSISTANCE FOR PASSENGERS WITH 
              DISABILITIES IN AIR TRANSPORTATION.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall--
            (1) review, and if necessary revise, applicable regulations 
        to ensure that passengers with disabilities who request 
        assistance while traveling in air transportation receive 
        dignified, timely, and effective assistance at airports and on 
        aircraft from trained personnel; and
            (2) review, and if necessary revise, applicable regulations 
        related to covered air carrier training programs for air 
        carrier personnel, including contractors, who provide physical 
        assistance to passengers with disabilities to ensure that 
        training under such programs--
                    (A) occurs on an annual schedule for all new and 
                continuing personnel charged with providing physical 
                assistance; and
                    (B) includes, as appropriate, instruction by 
                personnel, with hands-on training for employees who 
                physically lift or otherwise physically assist 
                passengers with disabilities, including the use of 
                relevant equipment.
    (b) Types of Assistance.--The assistance referred to subsection 
(a)(1) may include requests for assistance in boarding or deplaning an 
aircraft, requests for assistance in connecting between flights, and 
other similar or related requests, as appropriate.

SEC. 441. TRANSPARENCY FOR DISABLED PASSENGERS.

    The compliance date of the final rule, dated November 2, 2016, on 
the reporting of data for mishandled baggage and wheelchairs in 
aircraft cargo compartments (81 Fed. Reg. 76300) shall be effective not 
later than 60 days after the date of enactment of this Act.

                Subtitle C--Small Community Air Service

SEC. 451. ESSENTIAL AIR SERVICE AUTHORIZATION.

    (a) In General.--Section 41742(a)(2) of title 49, United States 
Code, is amended by striking ``$150,000,000 for fiscal year 2011'' and 
all that follows before ``to carry out'' and inserting ``$155,000,000 
for fiscal year 2018, $158,000,000 for fiscal year 2019, $161,000,000 
for fiscal year 2020, $165,000,000 for fiscal year 2021, $168,000,000 
for fiscal year 2022, and $172,000,000 for fiscal year 2023''.
    (b) Seasonal Service.--The Secretary of Transportation may consider 
the flexibility of current operational dates and airport accessibility 
to meet local community needs when issuing requests for proposal of 
essential air service at seasonal airports.

SEC. 452. STUDY ON ESSENTIAL AIR SERVICE REFORM.

    (a) Study.--
            (1) In general.--The Comptroller General of the United 
        States shall conduct a study on the effects of section 6 of the 
        Airport and Airway Extension Act of 2011, Part IV (Public Law 
        112-27), section 421 of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 
        2012 (Public Law 112-95), and other relevant Federal laws 
        enacted after 2010, including the amendments made by those 
        laws, on the Essential Air Service program.
            (2) Scope.--In conducting the study under paragraph (1), 
        the Comptroller General shall analyze, at a minimum--
                    (A) the impact of each relevant Federal law, 
                including the amendments made by each law, on the 
                Essential Air Service program;
                    (B) what actions communities and air carriers have 
                taken to reduce ticket prices or increase enplanements 
                as a result of each law;
                    (C) the issuance of waivers by the Secretary under 
                section 41731(e) of title 49, United States Code;
                    (D) whether budgetary savings resulted from each 
                law; and
                    (E) options for further reform of the Essential Air 
                Service program.
    (b) Required Analysis on Communities.--In carrying out subsection 
(a)(2)(E) the Comptroller General shall include, for each option for 
further reform, an analysis of the impact on local economies of 
communities with airports receiving Essential Air Service funding, 
access to air travel for residents of rural communities and the impact 
to local businesses in such communities.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a report on the results of the study conducted 
under subsection (a).

SEC. 453. AIR TRANSPORTATION TO NONELIGIBLE PLACES.

    (a) Definitions.--Section 41731(a)(1)(A)(ii) of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended by striking ``Wendell H. Ford Aviation 
Investment and Reform Act for the 21st Century,'' and inserting ``FAA 
Extension, Safety, and Security Act of 2016 (Public Law 114-190),''.
    (b) Program Sunset.--Section 41736 of title 49, United States Code, 
is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(h) Sunset.--
            ``(1) Proposals.--No proposal under subsection (a) may be 
        accepted by the Secretary after the date of enactment of this 
        subsection.
            ``(2) Program.--The Secretary may not provide any 
        compensation under this section after the date that is 2 years 
        after the date of enactment of this subsection.''.

SEC. 454. INSPECTOR GENERAL REVIEW OF SERVICE AND OVERSIGHT OF 
              UNSUBSIDIZED CARRIERS.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the inspector general of the Department of Transportation 
shall conduct and complete a review of orders issued by the Department 
of Transportation from 2005 through the date of enactment of this Act 
to determine whether the carriers providing unsubsidized service 
provided basic essential air service, and whether the Department 
conducted sufficient oversight of carriers providing unsubsidized 
service to ensure air service quality and community satisfaction.
    (b) Contents.--The review shall include, at a minimum--
            (1) a review of the Department's efforts to communicate to 
        the community served by the unsubsidized carrier on any 
        material air service changes; and
            (2) a review of the Department's efforts to closely monitor 
        the quality of air service provided by the unsubsidized carrier 
        and request proposals for basic essential air service if 
        necessary.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 30 days after the date of completion of 
the review, the inspector general shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a report on the results of the review.

SEC. 455. SMALL COMMUNITY AIR SERVICE.

    (a) Eligibility.--Section 41743(c) of title 49, United States Code, 
is amended--
            (1) by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the following:
            ``(1) Size.--On the date of submission of the relevant 
        application under subsection (b), the airport serving the 
        community or consortium--
                    ``(A) is not larger than a small hub airport, as 
                determined using the Department of Transportation's 
                most recently published classification; and
                    ``(B) has--
                            ``(i) insufficient air carrier service; or
                            ``(ii) unreasonably high air fares.'';
            (2) by striking paragraph (4) and inserting the following:
            ``(4) Overall limit.--
                    ``(A) In general.--No more than 40 communities or 
                consortia of communities, or a combination thereof, may 
                be selected to participate in the program in each year 
                for which funds are appropriated for the program.
                    ``(B) Same projects.--Except as provided in 
                subparagraph (C), no community, consortia of 
                communities, or combination thereof may participate in 
                the program in support of the same project more than 
                once in a 10-year period, but any community, consortia 
                of communities, or combination thereof may apply, 
                subsequent to such participation, to participate in the 
                program in support of a different project at any time.
                    ``(C) Exception.--The Secretary may waive the 
                limitation under subparagraph (B) related to projects 
                that are the same if the Secretary determines that the 
                community or consortium spent little or no money on its 
                previous project or encountered industry or 
                environmental challenges, due to circumstances that 
                were reasonably beyond the control of the community or 
                consortium.'';
            (3) in paragraph (5)--
                    (A) by redesignating subparagraphs (E) and (F) as 
                subparagraphs (F) and (G), respectively; and
                    (B) by inserting after subparagraph (D) the 
                following:
                    ``(E) the assistance will be used to help restore 
                scheduled passenger air service that has been 
                terminated;''.
    (b) Authority to Make Agreements.--Section 41743(e)(1) of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following: 
``The Secretary may amend the scope of a grant agreement at the request 
of the community or consortium and any participating air carrier, and 
may limit the scope of a grant agreement to only the elements using 
grant assistance or to only the elements achieved, if the Secretary 
determines that the amendment is reasonably consistent with the 
original purpose of the project.''
    (c) Authorization of Appropriations.--Section 41743(e)(2) of title 
49, United States Code, is amended to read as follows:
            ``(2) Authorization of appropriations.--There is authorized 
        to be appropriated to the Secretary $10,000,000 for each of 
        fiscal years 2018 through 2023 to carry out this section. Such 
        sums shall remain available until expended.''.

SEC. 456. WAIVERS.

    Section 41732 is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(c) Waivers.--Notwithstanding section 41733(e), upon request by 
an eligible place, the Secretary may waive, in whole or in part, 
subsections (a) and (b) of this section or subsections (a) through (c) 
of section 41734. A waiver issued under this subsection shall remain in 
effect for a limited period of time, as determined by the Secretary.''.

SEC. 457. EXTENSION OF FINAL ORDER ESTABLISHING MILEAGE ADJUSTMENT 
              ELIGIBILITY.

    Section 409(d) of the Vision 100--Century of Aviation 
Reauthorization Act (49 U.S.C. 41731 note) is amended by striking 
``2018'' and inserting ``2023''.

SEC. 458. REDUCTION IN SUBSIDY-PER-PASSENGER.

    Section 426 of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (126 
Stat. 98) is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(d) Reduction in Subsidy-per-passenger.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall waive application of 
        the subsidy-per-passenger cap described under subsection (c) if 
        the Secretary finds that the community's subsidy-per-passenger 
        for a fiscal year is lower than the subsidy-per-passenger for 
        any of the 3 previous fiscal years.
            ``(2) Exception.--The Secretary shall waive application of 
        the subsidy-per-passenger cap if the subsidy-per-passenger for 
        a fiscal year is less than 10 percent higher than the highest 
        subsidy-per-passenger from any of the 3 previous fiscal years. 
        The Secretary may only waive application of the subsidy-per-
        passenger cap under this paragraph once per community.
            ``(3) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this subsection 
        shall be construed to limit the Secretary's ability under 
        subsection (c) to waive application of the subsidy-per-
        passenger cap.''.

                         TITLE V--MISCELLANEOUS

SEC. 501. DEFINITIONS.

    In this title, the following definitions apply:
            (1) Administration.--The term ``Administration'' means the 
        Federal Aviation Administration.
            (2) Administrator.--The term ``Administrator'' means the 
        Administrator of the FAA.
            (3) ADS-B.--The term ``ADS-B'' means automatic dependent 
        surveillance-broadcast.
            (4) ADS-B out.--The term ``ADS-B Out'' means automatic 
        dependent surveillance-broadcast with the ability to transmit 
        information from the aircraft to ground stations and to other 
        equipped aircraft.
            (5) FAA.--The term ``FAA'' means the Federal Aviation 
        Administration.
            (6) Nextgen.--The term ``NextGen'' means the Next 
        Generation Air Transportation System.

SEC. 502. REPORT ON AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL MODERNIZATION.

    (a) FAA Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress a report describing the multiyear 
effort of the Administration to modernize the air transportation system 
(in this section referred to as the ``modernization effort''), 
including--
            (1) the number of years that the modernization effort has 
        been underway as of the date of the report;
            (2) the total amount of money expended on the modernization 
        effort as of the date of the report (including a description of 
        how that amount was calculated);
            (3) the net present value of the benefits reported from 
        aircraft operators resulting from the money expended on the 
        modernization effort as of the date of the report;
            (4) a definition for NextGen, including a description of 
        any changes to that definition that occurred between 2003 and 
        the date of the report;
            (5) the net present value of the money expended on NextGen 
        as of the date of the report if such money had been deposited 
        into a Government trust fund instead of being expended on 
        NextGen;
            (6) a description of the benefits promised and benefits 
        delivered with respect to NextGen as of the date of the report;
            (7) any changes to the benefits promised with respect to 
        NextGen between the date on which NextGen began and the date of 
        the report;
            (8) a description of each program or project that comprises 
        NextGen, including--
                    (A) when the program or project was initiated;
                    (B) the total budget for the program or project;
                    (C) the initial budget for the program or project;
                    (D) the acquisition program baseline for the 
                program or project;
                    (E) whether the program or project has ever 
                breached the acquisition program baseline and, if so, a 
                description of when, why, and how the breach was 
                resolved;
                    (F) whether the program or project has been re-
                baselined or divided into smaller segments and, if so, 
                a description of when, why, and the impact to the cost 
                of the program or project;
                    (G) the initial schedule for the program or 
                project;
                    (H) whether the program or project was delayed and, 
                if so, a description of how long, why, and the impact 
                to the cost of the program or project;
                    (I) whether the Administration changed any contract 
                term or deliverable for the program or project and, if 
                so, a description of the change, why it happened, and 
                the impact to the cost of the program or project;
                    (J) benefits promised with respect to the program 
                or project at initiation;
                    (K) benefits delivered with respect to the program 
                or project as of the date of the report;
                    (L) whether the program or project was cancelled 
                and, if so, a description of why and when;
                    (M) for cancelled programs or projects, whether 
                there were any costs associated with the decision to 
                cancel and, if so, a description of the amount of the 
                costs (including for both the Administration and the 
                private sector);
                    (N) the metrics, milestones, and deadlines set for 
                the program or project and how the Administration 
                tracked and ensured compliance with those metrics, 
                milestones, and deadlines;
                    (O) how the Administration conducted oversight of 
                the program or project and any related stakeholder 
                collaboration efforts;
                    (P) the status of the program or project as of the 
                date of the report; and
                    (Q) an assessment of the key risks to the full 
                implementation of the program and a description of how 
                the Administration is mitigating, or plans to mitigate, 
                those risks;
            (9) the date upon which, or milestone by which, the 
        Administration anticipates NextGen will be complete; and
            (10) any lessons learned during the NextGen effort, and 
        whether, how, and to what effect those lessons have been 
        applied.
    (b) Inspector General Report.--Not later than 270 days after the 
date on which the report required under subsection (a) is submitted, 
the inspector general of the Department of Transportation shall review 
the report and submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
statement of the inspector general that--
            (1) determines the accuracy of the information reported;
            (2) describes any concerns with the accuracy of the 
        information reported;
            (3) summarizes concerns raised by the inspector general, 
        the Government Accountability Office, and other sources with 
        respect to the Administration's implementation and oversight of 
        NextGen since the date on which NextGen began;
            (4) describes--
                    (A) any pertinent recommendations made by the 
                inspector general related to the Administration's 
                implementation and oversight of NextGen since the date 
                on which NextGen began; and
                    (B) whether and how the Administration addressed 
                the recommendations; and
            (5) provides any other information that the inspector 
        general determines is appropriate.

SEC. 503. RETURN ON INVESTMENT REPORT.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, and annually thereafter until the date that each NextGen 
program has a positive return on investment, the Administrator shall 
submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the status 
of each NextGen program, including the most recent NextGen priority 
list under subsection (c).
    (b) Contents.--The report under subsection (a) shall include, for 
each NextGen program--
            (1) an estimate of the date the program will have a 
        positive return on investment;
            (2) an explanation for any delay in the delivery of 
        expected benefits from previously published estimates on 
        delivery of such benefits, in implementing or utilizing the 
        program;
            (3) an estimate of the completion date;
            (4) an assessment of the long-term and near-term user 
        benefits of the program for--
                    (A) the Federal Government; and
                    (B) the users of the national airspace system; and
            (5) a description of how the program directly contributes 
        to a safer and more efficient air traffic control system.
    (c) NextGen Priority List.--Based on the assessment under 
subsection (a), the Administrator shall--
            (1) develop, in coordination with the NextGen Advisory 
        Committee and considering the need for a balance between long-
        term and near-term user benefits, a prioritization of the 
        NextGen programs;
            (2) annually update the priority list under paragraph (1); 
        and
            (3) prepare budget submissions to reflect the current 
        status of NextGen programs and projected returns on investment 
        for each NextGen program.
    (d) Definition of Return on Investment.--In this section, the term 
``return on investment'' means the cost associated with technologies 
that are required by law or policy as compared to the financial 
benefits derived from such technologies by a government or a user of 
airspace.
    (e) Repeal of Nextgen Priorities.--Section 202 of the FAA 
Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (Public Law 112-95; 49 U.S.C. 
40101 note) and the item relating to that section in the table of 
contents under section 1(b) of that Act are repealed.

SEC. 504. AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL OPERATIONAL CONTINGENCY PLANS.

    (a) Air Traffic Control Operational Contingency Plans.--Not later 
than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator 
shall review the Administration's air traffic control operational 
contingency plans (FAA Order JO 1900.47E), and, as the Administrator 
considers appropriate, update such plans, to address potential air 
traffic facility outages that could have a major impact on the 
operation of the national airspace system, including the most recent 
findings and recommendations in the report under subsection (c).
    (b) Updates.--Not later than 60 days after the date the air traffic 
control operational contingency plans are reviewed under subsection 
(a), the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of 
Congress a report on the review, including any recommendations for 
ensuring air traffic facility outages do not have a major impact on the 
operation of the national airspace system.
    (c) Resiliency Recommendations.--Not later than 180 days after the 
date of enactment of this Act, and periodically thereafter as the 
Administrator considers appropriate, the Administrator shall convene 
NextGen program officials to evaluate, expedite, and complete a report 
on how planned NextGen capabilities can enhance the resiliency and 
continuity of national airspace system operations and mitigate the 
impact of future air traffic control disruptions.

SEC. 505. 2020 ADS-B OUT MANDATE PLAN.

    The Administrator, in collaboration with the NextGen Advisory 
Committee, shall--
            (1) not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of 
        this Act--
                    (A) identify any known and potential barriers to 
                compliance with the 2020 ADS-B Out mandate under 
                section 91.225 of title 14, Code of Federal 
                Regulations;
                    (B) develop a plan to address the known barriers 
                identified in paragraph (1), including a schedule for--
                            (i) periodically reevaluating the potential 
                        barriers identified in paragraph (1); and
                            (ii) developing solutions and implementing 
                        actions to address the known and potential 
                        barriers; and
                    (C) submit the plan to the appropriate committees 
                of Congress; and
            (2) not later than 90 days after the date the plan is 
        submitted under paragraph (1), submit to the appropriate 
        committees of Congress a report on the progress made toward 
        meeting the 2020 ADS-B Out mandate.

SEC. 506. SECURING AIRCRAFT AVIONICS SYSTEMS.

    (a) In General.--The Administrator shall consider, where 
appropriate, revising Federal Aviation Administration regulations 
regarding airworthiness certification--
            (1) to address cybersecurity for avionics systems, 
        including software components; and
            (2) to require that aircraft avionics systems used for 
        flight guidance or aircraft control be secured against 
        unauthorized access via passenger in-flight entertainment 
        systems through such means as the Administrator determines 
        appropriate to protect the avionics systems from unauthorized 
        external and internal access.
    (b) Consideration.--In carrying out subsection (a), the 
Administrator shall consider the recommendations of the Aircraft 
Systems Information Security Protection Working Group under section 
2111 of the FAA Extension Safety and Security Act of 2016 (Public Law 
114-190; 130 Stat. 615).

SEC. 507. HUMAN FACTORS.

    (a) In General.--In order to avoid having to subsequently modify 
products and services developed as a part of NextGen, the Administrator 
shall--
            (1) recognize and incorporate, in early design phases of 
        all relevant NextGen programs, the human factors and procedural 
        and airspace implications of stated goals and associated 
        technical changes; and
            (2) ensure that a human factors specialist, separate from 
        the research and certification groups, is directly involved 
        with the NextGen approval process.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees 
of Congress a report on the progress made toward implementing the 
requirements under subsection (a).

SEC. 508. PROGRAMMATIC RISK MANAGEMENT.

    To better inform the Administration's decisions regarding the 
prioritization of efforts and allocation of resources for NextGen, the 
Administrator shall--
            (1) solicit input from specialists in probability and 
        statistics to identify and prioritize the programmatic and 
        implementation risks to NextGen; and
            (2) develop a method to manage and mitigate the risks 
        identified in paragraph (1).

SEC. 509. REVIEW OF FAA STRATEGIC CYBERSECURITY PLAN.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator shall initiate a review of the 
comprehensive and strategic framework of principles and policies 
(referred to in this section as the ``framework'') developed pursuant 
to section 2111 of the FAA Extension, Safety, and Security Act of 2016 
(49 U.S.C. 44903 note).
    (b) Contents.--In undertaking the review under subsection (a), the 
Administrator shall--
            (1) assess the degree to which the framework identifies and 
        addresses known cybersecurity risks associated with the 
        aviation system;
            (2) review existing short- and long-term objectives for 
        addressing cybersecurity risks to the national airspace system; 
        and
            (3) assess the Administration's level of engagement and 
        coordination with aviation stakeholders and other appropriate 
        agencies, organizations, or groups with which the 
        Administration consults to carry out the framework.
    (c) Updates.--Upon completion of the review under subsection (a), 
the Administrator shall modify the framework, as appropriate, to 
address any deficiencies identified by the review.
    (d) Report to Congress.--Not later than 180 days after initiating 
the review required by subsection (a), the Administrator shall submit 
to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the results of 
the review, including a description of any modifications made to the 
framework.

SEC. 510. CONSOLIDATION AND REALIGNMENT OF FAA SERVICES AND FACILITIES.

    (a) Purpose and Input.--Section 804(a) of the FAA Modernization and 
Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 44501 note) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (2) by striking ``The purpose of the 
        report shall be--'' and all that follows through ``(B) to 
        reduce'' and inserting ``The purpose of the report shall be to 
        reduce''; and
            (2) by striking paragraph (4) and inserting the following:
            ``(4) Input.--The report shall be prepared by the 
        Administrator (or the Administrator's designee) with the 
        participation of--
                    ``(A) representatives of labor organizations 
                representing air traffic control system employees of 
                the FAA; and
                    ``(B) industry stakeholders.''.
    (b) Military Operations Exclusion.--Section 804 of the FAA 
Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 44501 note) is 
amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsection (e) as subsection (f); and
            (2) by inserting after subsection (d) the following:
    ``(e) Military Operations Exclusion.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Administrator may not realign or 
        consolidate a combined TRACON and tower with radar facility of 
        the FAA under this section if, in 2015, the total annual 
        military operations at the facility comprised at least 40 
        percent of the total annual TRACON operations at the facility.
            ``(2) TRACON defined.--In this subsection, the term 
        `TRACON' means terminal radar approach control.''.

SEC. 511. FAA REVIEW AND REFORM.

    (a) Agency Report.--Not later than 60 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress a detailed analysis of any actions 
taken to address the findings and recommendations included in the 
report required under section 812(d) of the FAA Modernization and 
Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 106 note), including--
            (1) consolidating, phasing-out, or eliminating duplicative 
        positions, programs, roles, or offices;
            (2) eliminating or streamlining wasteful practices;
            (3) eliminating or phasing-out redundant, obsolete, or 
        unnecessary functions;
            (4) reforming and streamlining inefficient processes so 
        that the activities of the Administration are completed in an 
        expedited and efficient manner; and
            (5) reforming or eliminating ineffectual or outdated 
        policies.
    (b) Additional Review.--Not later than 18 months after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall undertake and complete a 
thorough review of each program, office, and organization within the 
Administration to identify--
            (1) duplicative positions, programs, roles, or offices;
            (2) wasteful practices;
            (3) redundant, obsolete, or unnecessary functions;
            (4) inefficient processes; and
            (5) ineffectual or outdated policies.
    (c) Actions To Streamline and Reform FAA.--Not later than 60 days 
after the date of completion of the review under subsection (b), the 
Administrator shall undertake such actions as may be necessary to 
address the findings of the Administrator under such subsection.
    (d) Report to Congress.--Not later than 120 days after the date of 
completion of the review under subsection (b), the Administrator shall 
submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the 
actions taken by the Administrator pursuant to subsection (c), 
including any recommendations for legislative or administrative 
actions.

SEC. 512. AIR SHOWS.

    On an annual basis, the Administrator shall work with 
representatives of Administration-approved air shows, the general 
aviation community, and stadiums and other large outdoor events and 
venues to identify and resolve, to the maximum extent practicable, 
scheduling conflicts between Administration-approved air shows and 
large outdoor events and venues where--
            (1) flight restrictions will be imposed pursuant to section 
        521 of title V of division F of Public Law 108-199 (118 Stat. 
        343); or
            (2) any other restriction will be imposed pursuant to 
        Federal Aviation Administration Flight Data Center Notice to 
        Airmen 4/3621 (or any successor notice to airmen).

SEC. 513. PART 91 REVIEW, REFORM, AND STREAMLINING.

    (a) Establishment of Task Force.--Not later than 90 days after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall establish a task 
force comprised of representatives of the general aviation industry who 
regularly perform part 91 operations, labor unions (including those 
representing FAA aviation safety inspectors and FAA aviation safety 
engineers), manufacturers, and the Government to--
            (1) conduct an assessment of the FAA oversight and 
        authorization processes and requirements for aircraft under 
        part 91; and
            (2) make recommendations to streamline the applicable 
        authorization and approval processes, improve safety, and 
        reduce regulatory cost burdens and delays for the FAA and 
        aircraft owners and operators who operate pursuant to part 91.
    (b) Contents.--In conducting the assessment and making 
recommendations under subsection (a), the task force shall consider--
            (1) process reforms and improvements to allow the FAA to 
        review and approve applications in a fair and timely fashion;
            (2) the appropriateness of requiring an authorization for 
        each experimental aircraft rather than using a broader all-
        makes-and-models approach;
            (3) ways to improve the timely response to letters of 
        authorization applications for aircraft owners and operators 
        who operate pursuant to part 91, including setting deadlines 
        and granting temporary or automatic authorizations if deadlines 
        are missed by the FAA;
            (4) methods for enhancing the effective use of delegation 
        systems;
            (5) methods for training the FAA's field office employees 
        in risk-based and safety management system oversight; and
            (6) such other matters related to streamlining part 91 
        authorization and approval processes as the task force 
        considers appropriate.
    (c) Report to Congress.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the 
        appropriate committees of Congress a report on the results of 
        the task force's assessment.
            (2) Contents.--The report shall include an explanation of 
        how the Administrator will--
                    (A) implement the recommendations of the task 
                force;
                    (B) measure progress in implementing the 
                recommendations; and
                    (C) measure the effectiveness of the implemented 
                recommendations.
    (d) Implementation of Recommendations.--Not later than 18 months 
after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall 
implement the recommendations made under this section.
    (e) Definition.--In this section, the term ``part 91'' means part 
91 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.
    (f) Applicable Law.--Public Law 92-463 shall not apply to the task 
force.
    (g) Sunset.--The task force shall terminate on the day the 
Administrator submits the report required under subsection (c).

SEC. 514. AIRCRAFT LEASING.

    Section 44112(b) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by striking ``on land or water''; and
            (2) by inserting ``operational'' before ``control''.

SEC. 515. PILOTS SHARING FLIGHT EXPENSES WITH PASSENGERS.

    (a) Guidance.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall make publicly 
        available, in a clear and concise format, advisory guidance 
        that describes how a pilot may share flight expenses with 
        passengers in a manner consistent with Federal law, including 
        regulations.
            (2) Examples included.--The guidance shall include examples 
        of--
                    (A) flights for which pilots and passengers may 
                share expenses;
                    (B) flights for which pilots and passengers may not 
                share expenses;
                    (C) the methods of communication that pilots and 
                passengers may use to arrange flights for which 
                expenses are shared; and
                    (D) the methods of communication that pilots and 
                passengers may not use to arrange flights for which 
                expenses are shared.
    (b) Report.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date on 
        which guidance is made publicly available under subsection (a), 
        the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to 
        the appropriate committees of Congress a report analyzing 
        Federal policy with respect to pilots sharing flight expenses 
        with passengers.
            (2) Evaluations included.--The report submitted under 
        paragraph (1) shall include an evaluation of--
                    (A) the rationale for such Federal policy;
                    (B) safety and other concerns related to pilots 
                sharing flight expenses with passengers; and
                    (C) benefits related to pilots sharing flight 
                expenses with passengers.

SEC. 516. TERMINAL AERODROME FORECAST.

    (a) In General.--The Administrator shall permit a covered air 
carrier to operate to or from a location in a noncontiguous State 
without a Terminal Aerodrome Forecast or Meteorological Aerodrome 
Report if--
            (1) such location is determined to be under visual 
        meteorological conditions;
            (2) a current Area Forecast, supplemented by other local 
        weather observations or reports, is available; and
            (3) an alternate airport that has an available Terminal 
        Aerodrome Forecast and weather report is specified.
    (b) Procedures.--A covered air carrier shall--
            (1) have approved procedures for dispatch or release and 
        enroute weather evaluation; and
            (2) operate under instrument flight rules enroute to the 
        destination.
    (c) Limitation.--Without a written finding of necessity, based on 
objective and historical evidence of imminent threat to safety, the 
Administrator shall not promulgate any operation specification, policy, 
or guidance document pursuant to this section that is more restrictive 
than, or requires procedures that are not expressly stated in, the 
regulations.
    (d) Covered Air Carrier Defined.--In this section, the term 
``covered air carrier'' means an air carrier operating in a 
noncontiguous State under part 121 of title 14, Code of Federal 
Regulations.

SEC. 517. PUBLIC AIRCRAFT ELIGIBLE FOR LOGGING FLIGHT TIMES.

    The Administrator shall issue regulations modifying section 
61.51(j)(4) of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, so as to include 
aircraft under the direct operational control of forestry and fire 
protection agencies as public aircraft eligible for logging flight 
times.

SEC. 518. AIRCRAFT REGISTRY OFFICE.

    The Administrator shall designate employees at the Aircraft 
Registry Office in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, as excepted employees in 
the event of a shutdown or emergency furlough to ensure that the office 
remains open for the duration of the lapse in Federal Government 
appropriations to the Federal Aviation Administration.

SEC. 519. FAA DATA TRANSPARENCY.

    Section 45303 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding 
at the end the following:
    ``(g) Data Transparency.--
            ``(1) Air traffic services initial data report.--
                    ``(A) Initial report.--Not later than 6 months 
                after the date of enactment of the FAA Reauthorization 
                Act of 2018, the Administrator and the Chief Operating 
                Officer of the Air Traffic Organization shall, based 
                upon the most recently available full fiscal year data, 
                complete the following calculations for each segment of 
                air traffic services users:
                            ``(i) The total costs allocable to the use 
                        of air traffic services for that segment during 
                        such fiscal year.
                            ``(ii) The total revenues received from 
                        that segment during such fiscal year.
                    ``(B) Validation of model.--
                            ``(i) Review and determination.--Not later 
                        than 3 months after completion of the initial 
                        report required under subparagraph (A), the 
                        inspector general of the Department of 
                        Transportation shall review and determine the 
                        validity of the model used by the Administrator 
                        and the Chief Operating Officer to complete the 
                        calculations required under subparagraph (A).
                            ``(ii) Validation process.--In the event 
                        that the inspector general determines that the 
                        model used by the Administrator and the Chief 
                        Operating Officer to complete the calculations 
                        required by subparagraph (A) is not valid--
                                    ``(I) the inspector general shall 
                                provide the Administrator and Chief 
                                Operating Officer recommendations on 
                                how to revise the model;
                                    ``(II) the Administrator and the 
                                Chief Operating Officer shall complete 
                                the calculations required by 
                                subparagraph (A) utilizing the revised 
                                model and resubmit the revised initial 
                                report required under subparagraph (A) 
                                to the inspector general; and
                                    ``(III) not later than 3 months 
                                after completion of the revised initial 
                                report required under subparagraph (A), 
                                the inspector general shall review and 
                                determine the validity of the revised 
                                model used by the Administrator and the 
                                Chief Operating Officer to complete the 
                                calculations required by subparagraph 
                                (A).
                            ``(iii) Access to data.--The Administrator 
                        and the Chief Operating Officer shall provide 
                        the inspector general of the Department of 
                        Transportation with unfettered access to all 
                        data produced by the cost accounting system 
                        operated and maintained pursuant to subsection 
                        (e).
                    ``(C) Report to congress.--Not later than 60 days 
                after completion of the review and receiving a 
                determination that the model used is valid under 
                subparagraph (B), the Administrator and the Chief 
                Operating Officer shall submit to the Committee on 
                Transportation and Infrastructure, the Committee on 
                Appropriations, and the Committee on Ways and Means of 
                the House of Representatives, and the Committee on 
                Commerce, Science, and Transportation, the Committee on 
                Appropriations, and the Committee on Finance of the 
                Senate a report describing the results of the 
                calculations completed under subparagraph (A).
                    ``(D) Publication.--Not later than 60 days after 
                submission of the report required under subparagraph 
                (C), the Administrator and Chief Operating Officer 
                shall publish the initial report, including any 
                revision thereto if required as a result of the 
                validation process for the model.
            ``(2) Air traffic services biennial data reporting.--
                    ``(A) Biennial data reporting.--Not later than 
                March 31, 2019, and biennially thereafter for 8 years, 
                the Administrator and the Chief Operating Officer 
                shall, using the validated model, complete the 
                following calculations for each segment of air traffic 
                services users for the most recent full fiscal year:
                            ``(i) The total costs allocable to the use 
                        of the air traffic services for that segment.
                            ``(ii) The total revenues received from 
                        that segment.
                    ``(B) Report to congress.--Not later than 15 days 
                after completing the calculations under subparagraph 
                (A), the Administrator and the Chief Operating Officer 
                shall complete and submit to the Committee on 
                Transportation and Infrastructure, the Committee on 
                Appropriations, and the Committee on Ways and Means of 
                the House of Representatives, and the Committee on 
                Commerce, Science, and Transportation, the Committee on 
                Appropriations, and the Committee on Finance of the 
                Senate a report containing the results of such 
                calculations.
                    ``(C) Publication.--Not later than 60 days after 
                completing the calculations pursuant to subparagraph 
                (A), the Administrator and the Chief Operating Officer 
                shall publish the results of such calculations.
            ``(3) Segments of air traffic services users.--
                    ``(A) In general.--For purposes of this subsection, 
                each of the following shall constitute a separate 
                segment of air traffic services users:
                            ``(i) Passenger air carriers conducting 
                        operations under part 121 of title 14, Code of 
                        Federal Regulations.
                            ``(ii) All-cargo air carriers conducting 
                        operations under part 121 of such title.
                            ``(iii) Operators covered by part 125 of 
                        such title.
                            ``(iv) Air carriers and operators of 
                        piston-engine aircraft operating under part 135 
                        of such title.
                            ``(v) Air carriers and operators of 
                        turbine-engine aircraft operating under part 
                        135 of such title.
                            ``(vi) Foreign air carriers providing 
                        passenger air transportation.
                            ``(vii) Foreign air carriers providing all-
                        cargo air transportation.
                            ``(viii) Operators of turbine-engine 
                        aircraft operating under part 91 of such title, 
                        excluding those operating under subpart (K) of 
                        such part.
                            ``(ix) Operators of piston-engine aircraft 
                        operating under part 91 of such title, 
                        excluding those operating under subpart (K) of 
                        such part.
                            ``(x) Operators covered by subpart (K) of 
                        part 91 of such title.
                            ``(xi) Operators covered by part 133 of 
                        such title.
                            ``(xii) Operators covered by part 136 of 
                        such title.
                            ``(xiii) Operators covered by part 137 of 
                        such title.
                            ``(xiv) Operators of public aircraft that 
                        qualify under section 40125.
                            ``(xv) Operators of aircraft that neither 
                        take off from, nor land in, the United States.
                    ``(B) Additional segments.--The Secretary may 
                identify and include additional segments of air traffic 
                users under subparagraph (A) as revenue and air traffic 
                services cost data become available for that additional 
                segment of air traffic services users.
            ``(4) Definitions.--For purposes of this subsection:
                    ``(A) Air traffic services.--The term `air traffic 
                services' means services--
                            ``(i) used for the monitoring, directing, 
                        control, and guidance of aircraft or flows of 
                        aircraft and for the safe conduct of flight, 
                        including communications, navigation, and 
                        surveillance services and provision of 
                        aeronautical information; and
                            ``(ii) provided directly, or contracted 
                        for, by the Federal Aviation Administration.
                    ``(B) Air traffic services user.--The term `air 
                traffic services user' means any individual or entity 
                using air traffic services provided directly, or 
                contracted for, by the Federal Aviation Administration 
                within United States airspace or international airspace 
                delegated to the United States.''.

SEC. 520. INTRA-AGENCY COORDINATION.

    Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Administrator shall implement a policy that--
            (1) designates the Associate Administrator for Commercial 
        Space Transportation as the primary liaison between the 
        commercial space transportation industry and the 
        Administration;
            (2) recognizes the necessity of, and set forth processes 
        for, launch license and permit holder coordination with the Air 
        Traffic Organization on matters including--
                    (A) the use of air navigation facilities;
                    (B) airspace safety; and
                    (C) planning of commercial space launch and launch 
                support activities;
            (3) designates a single point of contact within the Air 
        Traffic Organization who is responsible for--
                    (A) maintaining letters of agreement between a 
                launch license or permit holder and a Federal Aviation 
                Administration facility;
                    (B) making such letters of agreement available to 
                the Associate Administrator for Commercial Space 
                Transportation;
                    (C) ensuring that a facility that has entered into 
                such a letter of agreement is aware of and fulfills its 
                responsibilities under the letter; and
                    (D) liaising between the Air Traffic Organization 
                and the Associate Administrator for Commercial Space 
                Transportation on any matter relating to such a letter 
                of agreement; and
            (4) requires the Associate Administrator for Commercial 
        Space Transportation to facilitate, upon the request of a 
        launch license or permit holder--
                    (A) coordination between a launch license and 
                permit holder and the Air Traffic Organization; and
                    (B) the negotiation of letters of agreement between 
                a launch license or permit holder and a Federal 
                Aviation Administration facility or the Air Traffic 
                Organization.

SEC. 521. ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES FRANCHISE FUND.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 30 days after the date of enactment 
of this section, the inspector general of the Department of 
Transportation shall initiate an audit of the Administrative Services 
Franchise Fund of the FAA (in this section referred to as the 
``Franchise Fund'').
    (b) Considerations.--In conducting the audit pursuant to subsection 
(a), the inspector general shall--
            (1) review the history, intended purpose, and objectives of 
        the Franchise Fund;
            (2) describe and assess each program, service, or activity 
        that uses the Franchise Fund, including--
                    (A) the agencies or government bodies that use each 
                program, service, or activity;
                    (B) the number of employees, including full-time 
                equivalents and contractors, associated with each 
                program, service, or activity;
                    (C) the costs associated with the employees 
                described in subparagraph (B) and the extent to which 
                such costs are covered by Federal appropriations or 
                Franchise Fund revenue;
                    (D) the revenue, expenses, and profits or losses 
                associated with each program, service, or activity;
                    (E) overhead rates associated with each program, 
                service, or activity; and
                    (F) a breakdown of the revenue collected from 
                services provided to the FAA, Department of 
                Transportation, other Federal entities, and non-Federal 
                entities;
            (3) assess the FAA's governance and oversight of the 
        Franchise Fund and the programs, service, and activities that 
        use the Franchise Fund, including the use of internal and 
        publicly available performance metrics;
            (4) evaluate the current and historical unobligated and 
        unexpended balances of the Franchise Fund; and
            (5) assess the degree to which FAA policies and controls 
        associated with the Franchise Fund conform with generally 
        accepted accounting principles, Federal policies, best 
        practices, or other guidance relating to revolving funds.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of initiation 
of the audit described in subsection (a), the inspector general shall 
submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the 
results of the audit, including findings and recommendations.

SEC. 522. AUTOMATIC DEPENDENT SURVEILLANCE-BROADCAST.

    (a) Repeal.--Subsection (b) of section 211 of the FAA Modernization 
and Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 40101 note) is repealed.
    (b) Requirement.--The Administrator shall ensure that any 
regulation issued pursuant to such subsection has no force or effect.

SEC. 523. CONTRACT WEATHER OBSERVERS.

    Section 2306(b) of the FAA Extension, Safety, and Security Act of 
2016 (Public Law 114-190; 130 Stat. 641) is amended by striking 
``2018'' and inserting ``2023''.

SEC. 524. REGIONS AND CENTERS.

    (a) In General.--Section 44507 of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended--
            (1) by striking the section heading and inserting ``Regions 
        and centers'';
            (2) by striking ``The Civil Aeromedical Institute'' and 
        inserting the following:
    ``(a) Civil Aeromedical Institute.--The Civil Aeromedical 
Institute''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(b) William J. Hughes Technical Center.--The Secretary of 
Transportation shall define the roles and responsibilities of the 
William J. Hughes Technical Center in a manner that is consistent with 
the defined roles and responsibilities of the Civil Aeromedical 
Institute under subsection (a).''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 445 of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended by striking the item relating to section 
44507 and inserting the following:

``44507. Regions and centers.''.

SEC. 525. GEOSYNTHETIC MATERIALS.

    The Administrator, to the extent practicable, shall encourage the 
use of durable, resilient, and sustainable materials and practices, 
including the use of geosynthetic materials and other innovative 
technologies, in carrying out the activities of the Federal Aviation 
Administration.

SEC. 526. NATIONAL AIRMAIL MUSEUM.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds that--
            (1) in 1930, commercial airmail carriers began operations 
        at Smith Field in Fort Wayne, Indiana;
            (2) the United States lacks a national museum dedicated to 
        airmail; and
            (3) the airmail hangar at Smith Field in Fort Wayne, 
        Indiana--
                    (A) will educate the public on the role of airmail 
                in aviation history; and
                    (B) honor the role of the hangar in the history of 
                the Nation's airmail service.
    (b) Designation.--
            (1) In general.--The airmail museum located at the Smith 
        Field in Fort Wayne, Indiana, is designated as the ``National 
        Airmail Museum''.
            (2) Effect of designation.--The national museum designated 
        by this section is not a unit of the National Park System and 
        the designation of the National Airmail Museum shall not 
        require or permit Federal funds to be expended for any purpose 
        related to that national memorial.

SEC. 527. STATUS OF AGREEMENT BETWEEN FAA AND LITTLE ROCK PORT 
              AUTHORITY.

    (a) Briefing Requirement.--Not later than 30 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall provide to the 
appropriate committees of Congress a briefing on the agreement between 
the FAA and the Little Rock Port Authority to relocate the Little Rock 
Very High Frequency Omnidirectional Range with Collocated Tactical Air 
Control and Navigation (LIT VORTAC).
    (b) Briefing Contents.--The briefing required under subsection (a) 
shall include the following:
            (1) The status of the efforts by the Federal Aviation 
        Administration to relocate the LIT VORTAC.
            (2) The long-term and short-term budget projections for the 
        relocation project.
            (3) A description of and timeline for each phase of the 
        relocation project.
            (4) A description of and explanation for the required 
        location radius.
            (5) A description of work completed by the Federal Aviation 
        Administration as of the date of the briefing.

SEC. 528. BRIEFING ON AIRCRAFT DIVERSIONS FROM LOS ANGELES 
              INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT TO HAWTHORNE MUNICIPAL AIRPORT.

    Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, 
the Administrator shall provide a briefing to appropriate committees of 
Congress on diversions of aircraft from Los Angeles International 
Airport to Hawthorne Municipal Airport, also known as Jack Northrop 
Field, in the City of Hawthorne, California. This briefing shall cover 
at least the previous one-year period and include the total number of 
aircraft diversions, the average number of diversions per day, the 
types of aircraft diverted, and the reasons for the diversions.

SEC. 529. TFR REPORT.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act (except as described in subsection (d)), the Administrator 
shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report 
containing the results of the study described in subsection (b).
    (b) Recommendations.--The Administrator shall make recommendations 
based on--
            (1) an analysis of--
                    (A) the economic effects of temporary flight 
                restrictions, particularly temporary flight 
                restrictions issued pursuant to section 91.141 of title 
                14, Code of Federal Regulations, on airports or 
                aviation-related businesses located or based in an area 
                covered by the temporary flight restriction; and
                    (B) potential options and recommendations for 
                mitigating identified negative economic effects on 
                airports or aviation-related businesses located or 
                based in an area frequently covered by a temporary 
                flight restriction; and
            (2) an analysis of the potential for using security 
        procedures similar to those described in the Maryland Three 
        Program (allowing properly vetted private pilots to fly to, 
        from, or between the three general aviation airports closest to 
        the National Capital Region) during temporary flight 
        restrictions in the following airports:
                    (A) Solberg Airport.
                    (B) Somerset Airport.
                    (C) Palm Beach County Park Airport (also known as 
                Lantana Airport).
    (c) Collaboration.--In making the recommendations described in 
subsection (b), the Administrator shall consult with--
            (1) industry stakeholders; and
            (2) the head of any other agency that, in the 
        Administrator's determination, is a stakeholder agency.
    (d) Special Deadline.--Not later than 90 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress a report containing the results of 
the portion of the study described in subsection (b)(1)(A).

SEC. 530. AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES AT AVIATION EVENTS.

    (a) Requirement to Provide Services and Related Support.--The 
Administrator shall provide air traffic services and aviation safety 
support for large, multiday aviation events, including airshows and 
fly-ins, where the average daily number of manned operations were 1,000 
or greater in at least one of the preceding two years, without the 
imposition or collection of any fee, tax, or other charge for that 
purpose. Amounts for the provision of such services and support shall 
be derived from amounts appropriated or otherwise available for the 
Administration.
    (b) Determination of Services and Support to Be Provided.--In 
determining the services and support to be provided for an aviation 
event for purposes of subsection (a), the Administrator shall take into 
account the following:
            (1) The services and support required to meet levels of 
        activity at prior events, if any, similar to the event.
            (2) The anticipated need for services and support at the 
        event.

SEC. 531. APPLICATION OF VETERANS' PREFERENCE TO FEDERAL AVIATION 
              ADMINISTRATION PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM.

    Section 40122(g)(2)(B) of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended--
            (1) by inserting ``3304(f), to the extent consistent with 
        the Federal Aviation Administration's status as an excepted 
        service agency,'' before ``3308-3320''; and
            (2) by inserting ``3330a, 3330b, 3330c, and 3330d,'' before 
        ``relating''.

SEC. 532. CLARIFICATION OF REQUIREMENTS FOR LIVING HISTORY FLIGHTS.

    (a) In General.--Notwithstanding any other law or regulation, in 
administering sections 61.113(c), 91.9, 91.315, 91.319(a)(1), 
91.319(a)(2), 119.5(g), and 119.21(a) of title 14, Code of Federal 
Regulations (or any successor regulations), the Administrator shall 
allow an aircraft owner or operator to accept monetary or in-kind 
donations for a flight operated by a living history flight experience 
provider, if the aircraft owner or operator has--
            (1) volunteered to provide such transportation; and
            (2) notified any individual that will be on the flight, at 
        the time of inquiry about the flight, that the flight operation 
        is for charitable purposes and is not subject to the same 
        requirements as a commercial flight.
    (b) Conditions To Ensure Public Safety.--The Administrator, 
consistent with current standards of the Administration for such 
operations, shall impose minimum standards with respect to training and 
flight hours for operations conducted by an owner or operator of an 
aircraft providing living history flight experience operations, 
including mandating that the pilot in command of such aircraft hold a 
commercial pilot certificate with instrument rating and be current and 
qualified with respect to all ratings or authorizations applicable to 
the specific aircraft being flown to ensure the safety of flight 
operations described in subsection (a).
    (c) Living History Flight Experience Provider Defined.--In this 
section, the term ``living history flight experience provider'' means 
an aircraft owner, aircraft operator, or organization that provides, 
arranges, or otherwise fosters living history flight experiences for 
the purpose of fulfilling its mission.

SEC. 533. REVIEW AND REFORM OF FAA PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM.

    (a) Establishment of Advisory Panel.--Not later than 90 days after 
the date of enactment of this section, the Secretary of Transportation 
shall establish an advisory panel comprising no more than 7 
independent, nongovernmental experts in budget, finance, or personnel 
management to review and evaluate the effectiveness of the FAA's 
personnel management system and performance management program for 
employees not covered by collective bargaining agreements.
    (b) Review, Evaluation, and Recommendations.--The advisory panel 
shall, at a minimum--
            (1) review all appropriate FAA orders, policies, 
        procedures, guidance, and the Human Resources Policy Manual;
            (2) review any applicable reports regarding FAA's personnel 
        management system, including reports of the Department of 
        Transportation Office of Inspector General, Government 
        Accountability Office, and National Academy of Public 
        Administration, and determine the status of recommendations 
        made in those reports;
            (3) review the personnel management system of any other 
        agency or governmental entity with a similar system to the FAA 
        for best practices with regard to personnel management;
            (4) assess the unique personnel authorities granted to the 
        FAA, determine whether the FAA has taken full advantage of 
        those authorities, and identify those authorities the FAA has 
        not fully taken advantage of;
            (5) review and determine the overall effectiveness of the 
        FAA's compensation, bonus pay, performance metrics, and 
        evaluation processes for employees not covered by collective 
        bargaining agreements;
            (6) review whether existing performance metrics and bonus 
        pay practices align with the FAA's mission and significantly 
        improve the FAA's provision of air traffic services, 
        implementation of air traffic control modernization 
        initiatives, and accomplishment of other FAA operational 
        objectives;
            (7) identify the highest, lowest, and average complete 
        compensation for each position of employees not covered by 
        collective bargaining agreements;
            (8) survey interested parties and stakeholders, including 
        representatives of the aviation industry, for their views and 
        recommendations regarding improvements to the FAA's personnel 
        management system and performance management program;
            (9) develop recommendations to address the findings of the 
        work done pursuant to paragraphs (1) through (7), and to 
        address views and recommendations raised by interested parties 
        pursuant to paragraph (8); and
            (10) develop recommendations to improve the FAA's personnel 
        management system and performance management program, including 
        the compensation, bonus pay, performance metrics, and 
        evaluation processes, for employees not covered by collective 
        bargaining agreements.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 1 year after initiating the review and 
evaluation pursuant to subsection (a), the advisory panel shall submit 
a report on the results of the review and evaluation and its 
recommendations to the Secretary, the Administrator, the appropriate 
committees of Congress.
    (d) Report to Congress.--Not later than 3 months after submittal of 
the report pursuant to subsection (c), the Administrator shall transmit 
to the appropriate committees of Congress a report summarizing the 
findings of the advisory panel that--
            (1) contains an explanation of how the Administrator will 
        implement the recommendations of the advisory panel and measure 
        the effectiveness of the recommendations; and
            (2) specifies any recommendations that the Administrator 
        will not implement and the reasons for not implementing such 
        recommendations.
    (e) Sunset.--The advisory panel shall terminate on the date that is 
60 days after the transmittal of the report pursuant to subsection (d).

SEC. 534. NEXTGEN DELIVERY STUDY.

    (a) Study.--Not later than 180 days after the enactment of this 
Act, the inspector general of the Department of Transportation shall 
initiate a study of the potential impacts of a significantly delayed, 
significantly diminished, or completely failed delivery of the Next 
Generation Air Transportation System modernization initiative by the 
Federal Aviation Administration, including impacts to the air traffic 
control system and the national airspace system as a whole.
    (b) Scope of Study.--In carrying out the study under subsection 
(a), the inspector general shall assess the Administration's 
performance related to the NextGen modernization initiative, 
including--
            (1) the potential impacts on the operational efficiency of 
        our aviation system;
            (2) an analysis of potential economic losses and stranded 
        investments directly related to NextGen;
            (3) an analysis of the potential impacts to our 
        international competitiveness in aviation innovation;
            (4) an analysis of the main differences that would be seen 
        in our air traffic control system;
            (5) the potential impacts on the flying public, including 
        potential impacts to flight times, fares, and delays in the air 
        and on the ground;
            (6) the effects on supply chains reliant on air 
        transportation of cargo;
            (7) the potential impacts on the long-term benefits 
        promised by NextGen;
            (8) an analysis of the potential impacts on aircraft noise 
        and flight paths;
            (9) the potential changes in separation standards, fuel 
        consumption, flight paths, block times, and landing procedures 
        or lack thereof;
            (10) the potential impacts on aircraft taxi times and 
        aircraft emissions or lack thereof;
            (11) a determination of the total potential costs and 
        logistical challenges of the failure of NextGen, including a 
        comparison of the potential loss of the return on public and 
        private sector investment related to NextGen, as compared to 
        other available investment alternatives, between December 12, 
        2003, and the date of enactment of this Act; and
            (12) other matters arising in the course of the study.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of initiation of 
the study under subsection (a), the inspector general shall submit to 
the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the results of the 
study.

SEC. 535. STUDY ON ALLERGIC REACTIONS.

    Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Administrator shall--
            (1) study the prevalence of allergic reactions on board 
        flights, whether airlines universally report reactions to the 
        Federal Aviation Administration, and the frequency of first aid 
        inventory checks to ensure medicine to prevent anaphylactic 
        shock is in an aircraft; and
            (2) submit a report to the Committees on Transportation and 
        Infrastructure, Energy and Commerce, and Appropriations of the 
        House of Representatives and the Committees on Commerce, 
        Science, and Transportation, Health, Education, Labor, and 
        Pensions, and Appropriations of the Senate.

SEC. 536. OXYGEN MASK DESIGN STUDY.

    Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Administrator shall conduct a study to review and evaluate the 
design and effectiveness of commercial aircraft oxygen masks. In 
conducting the study, the Administrator shall determine whether the 
current design of oxygen masks is adequate, and whether changes to the 
design could increase correct passenger usage of the masks.

SEC. 537. AIR CARGO STUDY.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 6 months after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States 
shall begin a study of international air cargo services among the 
United States and Central American, South American, and Caribbean Basin 
countries, that--
            (1) analyzes the supply of and demand for air cargo 
        transportation services among the United States and Central 
        American, South American, and Caribbean Basin countries;
            (2) analyzes the supply of and demand for air cargo 
        transportation services between--
                    (A) the United States, Central American, South 
                American, and Caribbean Basin countries; and
                    (B) African and European countries;
            (3) identifies the busiest routes in terms of cargo 
        capacity and frequency of air service;
            (4) identifies any air carrier or foreign air carrier hubs 
        in Central American, South American, and Caribbean Basin 
        countries at which a significant amount of air cargo is sorted, 
        handled, or consolidated for transportation to or from the 
        United States;
            (5) identifies any air carrier or foreign air carrier hubs 
        in the United States at which a significant amount of air cargo 
        is sorted, handled, or consolidated for transportation to or 
        from Central American, South American, and Caribbean Basin 
        countries.
            (6) identifies any significant gaps in the air cargo 
        services or cargo air carrier networks--
                    (A) among the countries described in paragraph 
                (2)(A);
                    (B) between such countries and African countries; 
                and
                    (C) between such countries and European countries; 
                and
            (7) assesses the possible impact of the establishment of an 
        air carrier hub in Puerto Rico at which air cargo is sorted, 
        handled, or consolidated for transportation to or from the 
        United States, including the impact on--
                    (A) the employment rate and economy of Puerto Rico;
                    (B) domestic and foreign air transportation of 
                cargo;
                    (C) United States competitiveness in the air 
                transportation of cargo;
                    (D) air cargo operations at other airports in the 
                United States; and
                    (E) domestic air carrier employment.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 12 months after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a report on the results of the study described 
in subsection (a).
    (c) Definition.--In this section, the term ``Caribbean Basin 
countries'' has the same meaning given the term ``Caribbean Basin 
country'' in section 501 of the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1737).

SEC. 538. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON PREVENTING THE TRANSPORTATION OF 
              DISEASE-CARRYING MOSQUITOES AND OTHER INSECTS ON 
              COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT.

    It is the sense of Congress that the Secretary of Transportation 
and the Secretary of Agriculture should, in coordination and 
consultation with the World Health Organization, develop a framework 
and guidance for the use of safe, effective, and nontoxic means of 
preventing the transportation of disease-carrying mosquitoes and other 
insects on commercial aircraft.

SEC. 539. TECHNICAL CORRECTIONS.

    (a) Airport Capacity Enhancement Projects at Congested Airports.--
Section 40104(c) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by 
striking ``section 47176'' and inserting ``section 47175''.
    (b) Passenger Facility Charges.--Section 40117(a)(5) of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended by striking ``charge or charge'' and 
inserting ``charge''.
    (c) Overflights of National Parks.--Section 40128(a)(3) of title 
49, United States Code, is amended by striking ``under part 91 of the 
title 14,'' and inserting ``under part 91 of title 14,''.
    (d) Plans To Address Needs of Families of Passengers Involved in 
Foreign Air Carrier Accidents.--Section 41313(c)(16) of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended by striking ``An assurance that the 
foreign air carrier'' and inserting ``An assurance that''.
    (e) Operations of Carriers.--The analysis for chapter 417 of title 
49, United States Code, is amended by striking the item relating to 
section 41718 and inserting the following:

``41718. Special rules for Ronald Reagan Washington National 
                            Airport.''.
    (f) Schedules for Certain Transportation of Mail.--Section 41902(a) 
of title 49, United States Code, is amended by striking ``section 
41906'' and inserting ``section 41905''.
    (g) Weighing Mail.--Section 41907 of title 49, United States Code, 
is amended by striking ``and'' and all that follows through 
``administrative'' and inserting ``and administrative''.
    (h) Structures Interfering With Air Commerce or National 
Security.--Section 44718(b)(1) of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended--
            (1) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A) by striking 
        ``air navigation facilities and equipment'' and inserting ``air 
        or space navigation facilities and equipment''; and
            (2) in subparagraph (A)--
                    (A) in clause (v) by striking ``and'' at the end;
                    (B) by redesignating clause (vi) as clause (vii); 
                and
                    (C) by inserting after clause (v) the following:
                            ``(vi) the impact on launch and reentry for 
                        launch and reentry vehicles arriving or 
                        departing from a launch site or reentry site 
                        licensed by the Secretary of Transportation; 
                        and''.
    (i) Flight Attendant Certification.--Section 44728 of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (c), by striking ``chapter'' and 
        inserting ``title''; and
            (2) in subsection (d)(3), by striking ``is'' and inserting 
        ``be''.
    (j) Fees Involving Aircraft Not Providing Air Transportation.--
Section 45302 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by striking 
``44703(f)(2)'' each place it appears and inserting ``44703(g)(2)''.
    (k) Schedule of Fees.--Section 45301(a)(1) of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended by striking ``United States government'' and 
inserting ``United States Government''.
    (l) Classified Evidence.--Section 46111(g)(2)(A) of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended by striking ``(18 U.S.C. App.)'' and 
inserting ``(18 U.S.C. App.))''.
    (m) Chapter 465.--The analysis for chapter 465 of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended by striking the following item:

``46503. Repealed.''.
    (n) Allowable Cost Standards.--Section 47110(b)(2) of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``compatability'' and 
        inserting ``compatibility''; and
            (2) in subparagraph (D)(i), by striking ``climactic'' and 
        inserting ``climatic''.
    (o) Definition of Qualified HUBZone Small Business Concern.--
Section 47113(a)(3) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by 
striking ``(15 U.S.C. 632(o))'' and inserting ``(15 U.S.C. 632(p))''.
    (p) Special Apportionment Categories.--Section 47117(e)(1)(B) is 
amended by striking ``at least'' and inserting ``At least''.
    (q) Solicitation and Consideration of Comments.--Section 47171(l) 
of title 49, United States Code, is amended by striking ``4371'' and 
inserting ``4321''.
    (r) Operations and Maintenance.--Section 48104 is amended by 
striking ``(a) Authorization of Appropriations.--the'' and inserting 
``The''.
    (s) Adjustments to Compensation for Significantly Increased 
Costs.--Section 426 of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (a) (49 U.S.C. 41737 note) by striking 
        ``Secretary'' and inserting ``Secretary of Transportation''; 
        and
            (2) in subsection (c) (49 U.S.C. 41731 note) by striking 
        ``the Secretary may waive'' and inserting ``the Secretary of 
        Transportation may waive''.
    (t) Aircraft Departure Queue Management Pilot Program.--Section 
507(a) of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 44505 
note) is amended by striking ``section 48101(a)'' and inserting 
``section 48101(a) of title 49, United States Code,''.

SEC. 540. REPORT ON ILLEGAL CHARTER FLIGHTS.

    Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Secretary of Transportation shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress an analysis of reports filed during the 10-year 
period preceding such date of enactment through the illegal charter 
hotline of the FAA and other sources that includes--
            (1) what followup action the Department of Transportation 
        or the Administration takes when a report of illegal charter 
        operations is received;
            (2) how the Department of Transportation or the 
        Administration decides to allocate resources;
            (3) challenges the Department of Transportation or the 
        Administration face in identifying illegal operators; and
            (4) recommendations for improving the efforts of the 
        Department of Transportation or the Administration to combat 
        illegal charter carrier operations.

SEC. 541. USE OF NASA'S SUPER GUPPY AIRCRAFT FOR COMMERCIAL TRANSPORT.

    Notwithstanding section 40125 of title 49, United States Code, the 
Aero Spacelines Super Guppy Turbine B-377-SGT aircraft, serial number 
0004, may be used to provide the transport, for compensation or hire, 
of oversized space launch vehicle components or oversized spacecraft 
components while continuing to qualify as a public aircraft operation 
pursuant to section 40102(a)(41)(A) of title 49, United States Code, 
if--
            (1) the aircraft is owned and operated by the National 
        Aeronautics and Space Administration;
            (2) commercial operation is limited to operations conducted 
        wholly in United States airspace; and
            (3) no commercially available domestic air transport 
        alternative exists.

SEC. 542. PROHIBITED AIRSPACE ASSESSMENT.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation, in coordination with 
appropriate Federal agencies, shall conduct an assessment on the 
security of United States prohibited airspace designated by the Federal 
Aviation Administration, with a focus on permanent prohibited airspace 
(in this section referred to as ``United States prohibited airspace'').
    (b) Minimum Components.--The assessment developed under subsection 
(a) shall be unclassified but may contain a classified annex. It shall, 
at a minimum, include--
            (1) a summary of the number and types of violations of 
        United States prohibited airspace and historical trends of such 
        numbers and types;
            (2) an assessment of the processes used to establish United 
        States prohibited airspace;
            (3) an assessment of manned and unmanned aircraft, current 
        and future, with the ability to penetrate United States 
        prohibited airspace undetected;
            (4) an assessment of the current and future capabilities of 
        the United States to mitigate threats to United States 
        prohibited airspace;
            (5) recommendations on how to improve security of United 
        States prohibited airspace; and
            (6) a process to modify section 99.7 of title 14, Code of 
        Federal Regulations, to expand the Administrator's authority to 
        establish temporary flight restrictions in cooperation with 
        State and local law enforcement agencies, or as required for 
        purposes of national security, homeland security, or law 
        enforcement support.

SEC. 543. REPORT ON MULTIAGENCY USE OF AIRSPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL 
              REVIEW.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator, in consultation with the 
Secretary of Defense, shall submit to the covered committees of 
Congress a report documenting efforts made toward improving processes 
to resolve persistent challenges for special use airspace requests in 
support of, or associated with, short notice testing requirements at 
Major Range and Test Facility Bases, including the establishment of 
temporary military operations areas used for conducting short-term, 
scheduled exercises.
    (b) Elements.--The report required under subsection (a) shall 
include the following elements:
            (1) Analysis of previous efforts to streamline internal 
        processes associated with the designation of temporary military 
        operations areas at Major Range and Test Facility Bases and the 
        use of such areas for scheduled exercises.
            (2) Analysis of progress made to ensure consistency of 
        environmental review, including impact analysis, associated 
        environmental studies, or consultation, while complying with 
        the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 
        et seq.) and other environmental requirements.
            (3) Identification of challenges, if any, in complying with 
        the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969.
            (4) A description of airspace requirements, current test 
        and training needs statements completed during the 10-year 
        period preceding the report, and future 5-year requirements, 
        including all temporary military operating areas, special use 
        airspaces, instrument routes, visual routes, and unfulfilled 
        user requirements.
            (5) Proposed options and solutions to overcome identified 
        challenges, if any, including identifying whether--
                    (A) a solution or solutions can be incorporated 
                within the existing Federal Aviation Administration and 
                Department of Defense Memorandum of Understanding; or
                    (B) changes to current law are required.
    (c) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Covered committees of congress.--The term ``covered 
        committees of Congress'' means--
                    (A) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
                Transportation and the Committee on Armed Services of 
                the Senate; and
                    (B) the Committee on Transportation and 
                Infrastructure and the Committee on Armed Services of 
                the House of Representatives.
            (2) Major range and test facility base.--The term ``Major 
        Range and Test Facility Base'' has the meaning given the term 
        in section 196(i) of title 10, United States Code.
            (3) Special use airspace.--The term ``special use 
        airspace'' means certain designations of airspace designated by 
        the Federal Aviation Administration, as administered by the 
        Secretary of Defense.

SEC. 544. AGENCY PROCUREMENT REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.

    Section 40110(d) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by 
adding at the end the following:
            ``(5) Annual report on the purchase of foreign manufactured 
        articles.--
                    ``(A) Report.--(i) Not later than 90 days after the 
                end of the fiscal year, the Secretary of Transportation 
                shall submit a report to Congress on the dollar amount 
                of acquisitions subject to the Buy American Act made by 
                the agency from entities that manufacture the articles, 
                materials, or supplies outside of the United States in 
                such fiscal year.
                    ``(ii) The report required by clause (i) shall only 
                include acquisitions with total value exceeding the 
                micro-purchase level.
                    ``(B) Contents.--The report required by 
                subparagraph (A) shall separately indicate--
                            ``(i) the dollar value of any articles, 
                        materials, or supplies purchased that were 
                        manufactured outside of the United States; and
                            ``(ii) a summary of the total procurement 
                        funds spent on goods manufactured in the United 
                        States versus funds spent on goods manufactured 
                        outside of the United States.
                    ``(C) Availability of report.--The Secretary shall 
                make the report under subparagraph (A) publicly 
                available on the agency's website not later than 30 
                days after submission to Congress.''.

SEC. 545. FAA ORGANIZATIONAL REFORM.

    (a) Chief Technology Officer.--Section 106(s) of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended to read as follows:
    ``(s) Chief Technology Officer.--
            ``(1) In general.--
                    ``(A) Appointment.--There shall be a Chief 
                Technology Officer appointed by the Chief Operating 
                Officer. The Chief Technology Officer shall report 
                directly to the Chief Operating Officer.
                    ``(B) Minimum qualifications.--The Chief Technology 
                Officer shall have--
                            ``(i) at least 10 years experience in 
                        engineering management or another relevant 
                        technical management field; and
                            ``(ii) knowledge of or experience in the 
                        aviation industry.
                    ``(C) Removal.--The Chief Technology Officer shall 
                serve at the pleasure of the Administrator.
                    ``(D) Restriction.--The Chief Technology Officer 
                may not also be the Deputy Administrator.
            ``(2) Responsibilities.--The responsibilities of the Chief 
        Technology Officer shall include--
                    ``(A) ensuring the proper operation, maintenance, 
                and cybersecurity of technology systems relating to the 
                air traffic control system across all program offices 
                of the Administration;
                    ``(B) coordinating the implementation, operation, 
                maintenance, and cybersecurity of technology programs 
                relating to the air traffic control system with the 
                aerospace industry and other Federal agencies;
                    ``(C) reviewing and providing advice to the 
                Secretary, the Administrator, and the Chief Operating 
                Officer on the Administration's budget, cost-accounting 
                system, and benefit-cost analyses with respect to 
                technology programs relating to the air traffic control 
                system;
                    ``(D) consulting with the Administrator on the 
                Capital Investment Plan of the Administration prior to 
                its submission to Congress;
                    ``(E) developing an annual air traffic control 
                system technology operation and maintenance plan that 
                is consistent with the annual performance targets 
                established under paragraph (4); and
                    ``(F) ensuring that the air traffic control system 
                architecture remains, to the maximum extent 
                practicable, flexible enough to incorporate future 
                technological advances developed and directly procured 
                by aircraft operators.
            ``(3) Compensation.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Chief Technology Officer 
                shall be paid at an annual rate of basic pay to be 
                determined by the Administrator, in consultation with 
                the Chief Operating Officer. The annual rate may not 
                exceed the annual compensation paid under section 102 
                of title 3. The Chief Technology Officer shall be 
                subject to the postemployment provisions of section 207 
                of title 18 as if the position of Chief Technology 
                Officer were described in section 207(c)(2)(A)(i) of 
                that title.
                    ``(B) Bonus.--In addition to the annual rate of 
                basic pay authorized by subparagraph (A), the Chief 
                Technology Officer may receive a bonus for any calendar 
                year not to exceed 30 percent of the annual rate of 
                basic pay, based upon the Administrator's evaluation of 
                the Chief Technology Officer's performance in relation 
                to the performance targets established under paragraph 
                (4).
            ``(4) Annual performance targets.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Administrator and the Chief 
                Operating Officer, in consultation with the Chief 
                Technology Officer, shall establish measurable annual 
                performance targets for the Chief Technology Officer in 
                key operational areas.
                    ``(B) Report.--The Administrator shall transmit to 
                the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of 
                the House of Representatives and the Committee on 
                Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a 
                report describing the annual performance targets 
                established under subparagraph (A).
            ``(5) Annual performance report.--The Chief Technology 
        Officer shall prepare and transmit to the Secretary of 
        Transportation, the Committee on Transportation and 
        Infrastructure of the House of Representatives, and the 
        Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the 
        Senate an annual report containing--
                    ``(A) detailed descriptions and metrics of how 
                successful the Chief Technology Officer was in meeting 
                the annual performance targets established under 
                paragraph (4); and
                    ``(B) other information as may be requested by the 
                Administrator and the Chief Operating Officer.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) Section 709(a)(3)(L) of the Vision 100-Century of 
        Aviation Reauthorization Act (49 U.S.C. 40101 note) is amended 
        by striking ``Chief NextGen Officer'' and inserting ``Chief 
        Technology Officer''.
            (2) Section 804(a)(4)(A) of the FAA Modernization and 
        Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 44501 note) is amended by 
        striking ``Chief NextGen Officer'' and inserting ``Chief 
        Technology Officer''.

SEC. 546. FAA CIVIL AVIATION REGISTRY UPGRADE.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration 
shall complete covered upgrades of the Administration's Civil Aviation 
Registry (in this section referred to as the ``Registry'').
    (b) Covered Upgrade Defined.--In this section, the term ``covered 
upgrades'' means--
            (1) the digitization of nondigital Registry information, 
        including paper documents, microfilm images, and photographs, 
        from an analog or nondigital format to a digital format;
            (2) the digitalization of Registry manual and paper-based 
        processes, business operations, and functions by leveraging 
        digital technologies and a broader use of digitized data;
            (3) the implementation of systems allowing a member of the 
        public to submit any information or form to the Registry and 
        conduct any transaction with the Registry by electronic or 
        other remote means; and
            (4) allowing more efficient, broader, and remote access to 
        the Registry.
    (c) Applicability.--The requirements of subsection (a) shall apply 
to the entire Civil Aviation Registry, including the Aircraft 
Registration Branch and the Airmen Certification Branch.
    (d) Manual Surcharge.--Chapter 453 of title 49, United States Code, 
is amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 45306. Manual surcharge
    ``(a) In General.--Not later 3 years after the date of enactment of 
the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018, the Administrator shall impose and 
collect a surcharge on a Civil Aviation Registry transaction that--
            ``(1) is conducted in person at the Civil Aviation 
        Registry;
            ``(2) could be conducted, as determined by the 
        Administrator, with the same or greater level of efficiency by 
        electronic or other remote means; and
            ``(3) is not related to research or other non-commercial 
        activities.
    ``(b) Maximum Surcharge.--A surcharge imposed and collected under 
subsection (a) shall not exceed twice the maximum fee the Administrator 
is authorized to charge for the registration of an aircraft, not used 
to provide air transportation, after the transfer of ownership under 
section 45302(b)(2).
    ``(c) Credit to Account and Availability.--Monies collected from a 
surcharge imposed under subsection (a) shall be treated as monies 
collected under section 45302 and subject to the terms and conditions 
set forth in section 45302(d).''.
    (e) Report.--Not later than 1 year after date of enactment of this 
Act, and annually thereafter until the covered upgrades required under 
subsection (a) are complete, the Administrator shall submit a report to 
the appropriate committees of Congress describing--
            (1) the schedule for the covered upgrades to the Registry;
            (2) the office responsible for the implementation of the 
        such covered upgrades;
            (3) the metrics being used to measure progress in 
        implementing the covered upgrades; and
            (4) the status of the covered upgrades as of the date of 
        the report.

SEC. 547. ENHANCED AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall establish a pilot 
program to provide air traffic control services on a preferential basis 
to aircraft equipped with certain NextGen avionics that--
            (1) lasts at least 2 years; and
            (2) operates in at least 3 suitable airports.
    (b) Duration of Daily Service.--The air traffic control services 
provided under the pilot program established under subsection (a) shall 
occur for at least 3 consecutive hours between 0600 and 2200 local time 
during each day of the pilot program.
    (c) Airport Selection.--The Administrator shall designate airports 
for participation in the pilot program after consultation with aircraft 
operators, manufacturers, and airport sponsors.
    (d) Definitions.--
            (1) Certain nextgen avionics.--The term ``certain NextGen 
        avionics'' means those avionics and related software designated 
        by the Administrator after consultations with aircraft 
        operators and manufacturers.
            (2) Preferential basis.--The term ``preferential basis'' 
        means--
                    (A) prioritizing aircraft equipped with certain 
                NextGen avionics during a Ground Delay Program by 
                assigning them fewer minutes of delay relative to other 
                aircraft based upon principles established after 
                consultation with aircraft operators and manufacturers; 
                or
                    (B) sequencing aircraft equipped with certain 
                NextGen avionics ahead of other aircraft in the Traffic 
                Flow Management System to the maximum extent consistent 
                with safety.
    (e) Sunset.--The pilot program established under subsection (a) 
shall terminate on September 30, 2023.
    (f) Report.--Not later than 90 days after the date on which the 
pilot program terminates, the Administrator shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress a report on the results of the pilot 
program.

SEC. 548. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN AVIATION.

    It is the sense of Congress that the Administration should, in 
consultation with appropriate Federal agencies and industry 
stakeholders, periodically review the use or proposed use of artificial 
intelligence technologies within the aviation system and assess whether 
the Administration needs a plan regarding artificial intelligence 
standards and best practices to carry out its mission.

SEC. 549. STUDY ON CYBERSECURITY WORKFORCE OF FAA.

    (a) Study.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator shall enter into an agreement with the 
National Academy of Sciences to conduct a study on the cybersecurity 
workforce of the Administration in order to develop recommendations to 
increase the size, quality, and diversity of such workforce, including 
cybersecurity researchers and specialists.
    (b) Report to Congress.--Not later than 180 days after the 
completion of the study conducted under subsection (a), the 
Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
report on the results of such study.

SEC. 550. TREATMENT OF MULTIYEAR LESSEES OF LARGE AND TURBINE-POWERED 
              MULTIENGINE AIRCRAFT.

    The Secretary of Transportation shall revise such regulations as 
may be necessary to ensure that multiyear lessees and owners of large 
and turbine-powered multiengine aircraft are treated equally for 
purposes of joint ownership policies of the FAA.

SEC. 551. EMPLOYEE ASSAULT PREVENTION AND RESPONSE PLANS.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment 
of this Act, each air carrier operating under part 121 of title 14, 
Code of Federal Regulations (in this section referred to as a ``part 
121 air carrier''), shall submit to the Administrator for review and 
acceptance an Employee Assault Prevention and Response Plan related to 
the customer service agents of the air carrier and that is developed in 
consultation with the labor union representing such agents.
    (b) Contents of Plan.--An Employee Assault Prevention and Response 
Plan submitted under subsection (a) shall include the following:
            (1) Reporting protocols for air carrier customer service 
        agents who have been the victim of a verbal or physical 
        assault.
            (2) Protocols for the immediate notification of law 
        enforcement after an incident of verbal or physical assault 
        committed against an air carrier customer service agent.
            (3) Protocols for informing Federal law enforcement with 
        respect to violations of section 46503 of title 49, United 
        States Code.
            (4) Protocols for ensuring that a passenger involved in a 
        violent incident with a customer service agent of an air 
        carrier is not allowed to move through airport security or 
        board an aircraft until appropriate law enforcement has had an 
        opportunity to assess the incident and take appropriate action.
            (5) Protocols for air carriers to inform passengers of 
        Federal laws protecting Federal, airport, and air carrier 
        employees who have security duties within an airport.
    (c) Employee Training.--A part 121 air carrier shall conduct 
initial and recurrent training for all employees, including management, 
of the air carrier with respect to the plan required under subsection 
(a), which shall include training on de-escalating hostile situations, 
written protocols on dealing with hostile situations, and the reporting 
of relevant incidents.
    (d) Study.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall--
            (1) complete a study of crimes of violence (as defined in 
        section 16 of title 18, United States Code) committed against 
        airline customer service representatives while they are 
        performing their duties and on airport property; and
            (2) submit the findings of the study, including any 
        recommendations, to the appropriate committees of Congress.
    (e) Gap Analysis.--The study required under subsection (d) shall 
include a gap analysis to determine if State and local laws and 
resources are adequate to deter or otherwise address the crimes of 
violence described in subsection (a) and recommendations on how to 
address any identified gaps.

SEC. 552. STUDY ON TRAINING OF CUSTOMER-FACING AIR CARRIER EMPLOYEES.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall conduct a study on 
the training received by customer-facing employees of air carriers.
    (b) Contents.--The study shall include--
            (1) an analysis of the training received by customer-facing 
        employees with respect to the management of disputes on 
        aircraft;
            (2) an examination of how institutions of higher learning, 
        in coordination with air carriers, customer-facing employees 
        and their representatives, consumer advocacy organizations, and 
        other stakeholders, could--
                    (A) review such training and related practices;
                    (B) produce recommendations; and
                    (C) if determined appropriate, provide supplemental 
                training; and
            (3) the effectiveness of air carriers' Employee Assault 
        Prevention and Response Plans required under section 551.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate committees of 
Congress a report on the results of the study.

SEC. 553. AUTOMATED WEATHER OBSERVING SYSTEMS POLICY.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 18 months after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall--
            (1) update automated weather observing systems standards to 
        maximize the use of new technologies that promote the reduction 
        of equipment or maintenance cost for non-Federal automated 
        weather observing systems, including the use of remote 
        monitoring and maintenance, unless demonstrated to be 
        ineffective;
            (2) review, and if necessary update, existing policies in 
        accordance with the standards developed under paragraph (1); 
        and
            (3) establish a process under which appropriate onsite 
        airport personnel or an aviation official may, with appropriate 
        manufacturer training or alternative training as determined by 
        the Administrator, be permitted to conduct the minimum 
        triannual preventative maintenance checks under the advisory 
        circular for non-Federal automated weather observing systems 
        (AC 150/5220-16E) and any other similar, successor checks.
    (b) Permission.--Permission to conduct the minimum triannual 
preventative maintenance checks described under subsection (a)(3) and 
any similar, successor checks shall not be withheld but for specific 
cause.
    (c) Standards.--In updating the standards under subsection (a)(1), 
the Administrator shall--
            (1) ensure the standards are performance-based;
            (2) use risk analysis to determine the accuracy of the 
        automated weather observing systems outputs required for pilots 
        to perform safe aircraft operations; and
            (3) provide a cost-benefit analysis to determine whether 
        the benefits outweigh the cost for any requirement not directly 
        related to safety.
    (d) AIP Eligibility of AWOS Equipment.--
            (1) In general.--Notwithstanding any other law, the 
        Administrator is authorized to and shall waive any positive 
        benefit-cost ratio requirement for automated weather-observing 
        system equipment under subchapter I of chapter 471, of title 
        49, United States Code, if--
                    (A) the airport sponsor or State, as applicable, 
                certifies that a grant for such automated weather 
                observing systems equipment under that chapter will 
                assist an applicable airport to respond to regional 
                emergency needs, including medical, firefighting, and 
                search and rescue needs;
                    (B) the Secretary determines, after consultation 
                with the airport sponsor or State, as applicable, that 
                the placement of automated weather-observing equipment 
                at the airport will not cause unacceptable radio 
                frequency congestion; and
                    (C) the other requirements under that chapter are 
                met.
            (2) Applicability to low population density states.--This 
        subsection is applicable only to airports located in states 
        with a population density, based on the most recent decennial 
        census, of 50 or fewer persons per square mile.
    (e) Report.--Not later than September 30, 2025, the Administrator 
shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the 
implementation of the requirements under this section.

SEC. 554. PRIORITIZING AND SUPPORTING THE HUMAN INTERVENTION MOTIVATION 
              STUDY (HIMS) PROGRAM AND THE FLIGHT ATTENDANT DRUG AND 
              ALCOHOL PROGRAM (FADAP).

    (a) In General.--The Administration shall continue to prioritize 
and support the Human Intervention Motivation Study (HIMS) program for 
flight crewmembers and the Flight Attendant Drug and Alcohol Program 
(FADAP) for flight attendants.
    (b) Study and Recommendations.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary of Transportation shall 
        enter into an agreement with the Transportation Research Board 
        (in this subsection referred to as the ``Board'') under which 
        the Board shall--
                    (A) conduct a study on the Human Intervention 
                Motivation Study (HIMS) program, the Flight Attendant 
                Drug and Alcohol Program (FADAP), and any other drug 
                and alcohol programs within the other modal 
                administrations within the Department of 
                Transportation;
                    (B) to the extent justified by the findings from 
                the study described in subparagraph (A), make 
                recommendations to the Federal Aviation Administration 
                and other administrations within the Department of 
                Transportation on how to implement programs, or changes 
                to existing programs, that seek to help transportation 
                workers get treatment for drug and alcohol abuse and 
                return to work; and
                    (C) upon the completion of the study described in 
                subparagraph (A), submit to the appropriate committees 
                of Congress a report on such study, including the 
                Board's findings, conclusions, and recommendations.
            (2) Requirement.--In conducting the study under paragraph 
        (1), the Board shall identify--
                    (A) best policies and practices within existing 
                programs; and
                    (B) best prevention, early intervention, and return 
                to work practices specifically around prescription 
                medication abuse, with a special emphasis on employee 
                use of opioids.

SEC. 555. COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS OF EQUIPMENT RENTAL.

    (a) Agency Analysis of Equipment Acquisition.--
            (1) In general.--Except as provided for under subsection 
        (d), the head of each executive agency shall acquire equipment 
        using the method of acquisition most advantageous to the 
        Federal Government based on a case-by-case analysis of 
        comparative costs and other factors, including those factors 
        listed in section 7.401 of the Federal Acquisition Regulation.
            (2) Methods of acquisition.--The methods of acquisition to 
        be compared in the analysis under paragraph (1) shall include, 
        at a minimum, purchase, short-term rental or lease, long-term 
        rental or lease, interagency acquisition, and acquisition 
        agreements with a State or a local government as described in 
        subsection (c).
            (3) Amendment of federal acquisition regulation.--Not later 
        than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the 
        Federal Acquisition Regulatory Council shall amend the Federal 
        Acquisition Regulation to implement the requirement of this 
        subsection, including a determination of the factors for 
        executive agencies to consider for purposes of performing the 
        analysis under paragraph (1).
            (4) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this subsection shall 
        be construed to affect the requirements of chapter 37 of title 
        41, United States Code, section 2305 of title 10, United States 
        Code, or section 1535 of title 31, United States Code.
    (b) Date of Implementation.--The analysis described in subsection 
(a) shall be applied to contracts for the acquisition of equipment 
entered into on or after the date that the Federal Acquisition 
Regulation is amended pursuant to paragraph (3) of such subsection.
    (c) Acquisition Agreements With States or Local Governments.--
            (1) In general.--Notwithstanding any other provision of 
        law, including chapter 37 of title 41, United States Code, the 
        Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 631 et seq.), and section 2305 of 
        title 10, United States Code, the head of an executive agency 
        may enter into an acquisition agreement authorized by this 
        section directly with a State or a local government if the 
        agency head determines that the agreement otherwise satisfies 
        the requirements of subsection (a)(1).
            (2) Terms and conditions.--Any agreement under paragraph 
        (1) shall contain such terms and conditions as the head of the 
        agency deems necessary or appropriate to protect the interests 
        of the United States.
    (d) Exceptions.--The analysis otherwise required under subsection 
(a) is not required--
            (1) when the President has issued an emergency declaration 
        or a major disaster declaration pursuant to the Robert T. 
        Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 
        U.S.C. 5121 et seq.);
            (2) in other emergency situations if the agency head makes 
        a determination that obtaining such equipment is necessary in 
        order to protect human life or property; or
            (3) when otherwise authorized by law.
    (e) Study of Agency Analyses.--Not later than 2 years after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the 
United States shall submit to the Committee on Oversight and Government 
Reform of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Homeland 
Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate a comprehensive report 
on the decisions made by the executive agencies with the highest levels 
of acquisition spending, and a sample of executive agencies with lower 
levels of acquisition spending, to acquire high-value equipment by 
lease, rental, or purchase pursuant to subpart 7.4 of the Federal 
Acquisition Regulation.
    (f) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Executive agency.--The term ``executive agency'' has 
        the meaning given that term in section 102 of title 40, United 
        States Code.
            (2) Interagency acquisition.--The term ``interagency 
        acquisition'' has the meaning given that term in section 2.101 
        of the Federal Acquisition Regulation.
            (3) State.--The term ``State'' has the meaning given the 
        term in section 6501 of title 31, United States Code.
            (4) Local government.--The term ``local government'' means 
        any unit of local government within a State, including a 
        county, municipality, city, borough, town, township, parish, 
        local public authority, school district, special district, 
        intrastate district, council of governments, or regional or 
        interstate government entity, and any agency or instrumentality 
        of a local government.

SEC. 556. AIRCRAFT REGISTRATION.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall initiate a rulemaking to 
increase the duration of aircraft registrations for noncommercial 
general aviation aircraft to 7 years.
    (b) Considerations.--In promulgating the notice of proposed 
rulemaking described in subsection (a), the Administrator may consider 
any events, circumstances, changes in any ownership entity or 
structure, or other condition that would necessitate renewal prior to 
the expiration of an aircraft registration.

SEC. 557. REQUIREMENT TO CONSULT WITH STAKEHOLDERS IN DEFINING SCOPE 
              AND REQUIREMENTS FOR FUTURE FLIGHT SERVICE PROGRAM.

    Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Administrator shall consult with stakeholders in defining the scope 
and requirements for any new Future Flight Service Program of the 
Administration to be used in a competitive source selection for the 
next flight service contract with the Administration.

SEC. 558. FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION PERFORMANCE MEASURES AND 
              TARGETS.

    (a) Performance Measures.--Not later than 180 days after the date 
of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall 
establish performance measures relating to the management of the 
Administration, which shall, at a minimum, include measures to assess--
            (1) the timely and cost-effective completion of projects; 
        and
            (2) the effectiveness of the Administration in achieving 
        the goals described in section 47171 of title 49, United States 
        Code.
    (b) Performance Targets.--Not later than 180 days after the date on 
which the Secretary establishes performance measures in accordance with 
subsection (a), the Secretary shall establish performance targets 
relating to each of the measures described in that subsection.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the inspector general of the Department of Transportation 
shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report 
describing the progress of the Secretary in meeting the performance 
targets established under subsection (b).

SEC. 559. REPORT ON PLANS FOR AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL FACILITIES IN THE NEW 
              YORK CITY AND NEWARK REGION.

    Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
report on the Administration's staffing and scheduling plans for air 
traffic control facilities in the New York City and Newark region for 
the 1-year period beginning on such date of enactment.

SEC. 560. WORK PLAN FOR THE NEW YORK/NEW JERSEY/PHILADELPHIA 
              METROPOLITAN AREA AIRSPACE PROJECT.

    Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator shall develop and publish in the Federal Register a work 
plan for the New York/New Jersey/Philadelphia Metropolitan Area 
Airspace Project.

SEC. 561. ANNUAL REPORT ON INCLUSION OF DISABLED VETERAN LEAVE IN 
              PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM.

    Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, and 
not less frequently than annually there after until the date that is 5 
years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall 
publish on a publicly accessible internet website a report on--
            (1) the effect of the amendments made by subsections (a) 
        and (b) of section 2 of the Federal Aviation Administration 
        Veteran Transition Improvement Act of 2016 (Public Law 114-
        242), on the Administration's work force; and
            (2) the number of disabled veterans benefitting from such 
        subsections.

SEC. 562. ENHANCED SURVEILLANCE CAPABILITY.

    Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Administrator shall identify and implement a strategy to--
            (1) advance near-term and long-term uses of enhanced 
        surveillance systems, such as space-based ADS-B, within United 
        States airspace or international airspace delegated to the 
        United States;
            (2) exercise leadership on setting global standards for the 
        separation of aircraft in oceanic airspace by working with--
                    (A) foreign counterparts of the Administrator in 
                the International Civil Aviation Organization and its 
                subsidiary organizations;
                    (B) other international organizations and fora; and
                    (C) the private sector; and
            (3) ensure the participation of the Administration in the 
        analysis of trials of enhanced surveillance systems, such as 
        space-based ADS-B, performed by foreign air navigation service 
        providers in North Atlantic airspace.

SEC. 563. ACCESS OF AIR CARRIERS TO INFORMATION ABOUT APPLICANTS TO BE 
              PILOTS FROM NATIONAL DRIVER REGISTER.

    Section 30305(b)(8) of title 49, United States Code, is amended to 
read as follows:
            ``(8)(A) An individual who is seeking employment by an air 
        carrier as a pilot may request the chief driver licensing 
        official of a State to provide information about the individual 
        under subsection (a) of this section to the prospective 
        employer of the individual, the authorized agent of the 
        prospective employer, or the Secretary of Transportation.
            ``(B) An air carrier that is the prospective employer of an 
        individual described in subparagraph (A), or an authorized 
        agent of such an air carrier, may request and receive 
        information about that individual from the National Driver 
        Register through an organization approved by the Secretary for 
        purposes of requesting, receiving, and transmitting such 
        information directly to the prospective employer of such an 
        individual or the authorized agent of the prospective employer. 
        This paragraph shall be carried out in accordance with 
        paragraphs (2) and (11) of section 44703(h) and the Fair Credit 
        Reporting Act (15 U.S.C. 1681 et seq.).
            ``(C) Information may not be obtained from the National 
        Driver Register under this paragraph if the information was 
        entered in the Register more than 5 years before the request 
        unless the information is about a revocation or suspension 
        still in effect on the date of the request.''.

SEC. 564. REGULATORY REFORM.

    Section 106(p)(5) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by striking ``Committee, or'' and inserting 
        ``Committee,''; and
            (2) by striking the period at the end and inserting ``, or 
        such aerospace rulemaking committees as the Secretary shall 
        designate.''.

SEC. 565. AVIATION FUEL.

    (a) Use of Unleaded Aviation Gasoline.--The Administrator shall 
allow the use of an unleaded aviation gasoline in an aircraft as a 
replacement for a leaded gasoline if the Administrator--
            (1) determines that the unleaded aviation gasoline 
        qualifies as a replacement for an approved leaded gasoline;
            (2) identifies the aircraft and engines that are eligible 
        to use the qualified replacement unleaded gasoline; and
            (3) adopts a process (other than the traditional means of 
        certification) to allow eligible aircraft and engines to 
        operate using qualified replacement unleaded gasoline in a 
        manner that ensures safety.
    (b) Timing.--The Administrator shall adopt the process described in 
subsection (a)(3) not later than 180 days after the later of--
            (1) the date on which the Administration completes the 
        Piston Aviation Fuels Initiative; or
            (2) the date on which the American Society for Testing and 
        Materials publishes a production specification for an unleaded 
        aviation gasoline.
    (c) Type Certification.--Existing regulatory mechanisms by which an 
unleaded aviation gasoline can be approved for use in an engine or 
aircraft by Type or Supplemental Type Certificate for individual 
aircraft and engine types or by Approved Model List Supplemental Type 
Certificate providing coverage for a broad range of applicable types of 
aircraft or engines identified in the application shall continue to be 
fully available as a means of approving and bringing an unleaded 
aviation gasoline into general use in the United States. Such approvals 
shall be issued when the Administrator finds that the aircraft or 
engine performs properly and meets the applicable regulations and 
minimum standards under the normal certification process.

SEC. 566. RIGHT TO PRIVACY WHEN USING AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM.

    Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Administrator 
shall, upon request of a private aircraft owner or operator, block the 
registration number of the aircraft of the owner or operator from any 
public dissemination or display, except in data made available to a 
Government agency, for the noncommercial flights of the owner or 
operator.

SEC. 567. FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION WORKFORCE REVIEW.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 120 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States 
shall conduct a review to assess the workforce and training needs of 
the FAA in the anticipated budgetary environment.
    (b) Contents.--In conducting the review, the Comptroller General 
shall--
            (1) identify the long-term workforce and training needs of 
        the FAA workforce;
            (2) assess the impact of automation, digitalization, and 
        artificial intelligence on the FAA workforce;
            (3) analyze the skills and qualifications required of the 
        FAA workforce for successful performance in the current and 
        future projected aviation environment;
            (4) review current performance incentive policies of the 
        FAA, including awards for performance;
            (5) analyze ways in which the FAA can work with industry 
        and labor, including labor groups representing the FAA 
        workforce, to establish knowledge-sharing opportunities between 
        the FAA and the aviation industry regarding new equipment and 
        systems, best practices, and other areas of interest; and
            (6) develop recommendations on the most effective 
        qualifications, training programs (including e-learning 
        training), and performance incentive approaches to address the 
        needs of the future projected aviation regulatory system in the 
        anticipated budgetary environment.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 270 days after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a report on the results of the review.

SEC. 568. REVIEW OF APPROVAL PROCESS FOR USE OF LARGE AIR TANKERS AND 
              VERY LARGE AIR TANKERS FOR WILDLAND FIREFIGHTING.

    (a) Review and Improvement of Current Approval Process.--The Chief 
of the Forest Service, in consultation with the Administrator, shall 
conduct a review of the process used by the Forest Service to approve 
the use of large air tankers and very large air tankers for wildland 
firefighting for the purpose of--
            (1) determining the current effectiveness, safety, and 
        consistency of the approval process;
            (2) developing recommendations for improving the 
        effectiveness, safety, and consistency of the approval process; 
        and
            (3) assisting in developing standardized next-generation 
        requirements for air tankers used for firefighting.
    (b) Reporting Requirement.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Chief of the Forest Service shall submit to 
Congress a report describing the outcome of the review conducted under 
subsection (a).

SEC. 569. FAA TECHNICAL WORKFORCE.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator shall--
            (1) identify and assess barriers to attracting, developing, 
        training, and retaining a talented workforce in the areas of 
        systems engineering, architecture, systems integration, digital 
        communications, and cybersecurity;
            (2) develop a comprehensive plan to attract, develop, 
        train, and retain talented individuals in those fields; and
            (3) identify existing authorities available to the 
        Administrator, through personnel reform, to attract, develop, 
        and retain this talent.
    (b) Report.--The Administrator shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a report on the progress made toward 
implementing the requirements under subsection (a).

SEC. 570. STUDY ON AIRPORT CREDIT ASSISTANCE.

    (a) Review.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary of Transportation shall 
        conduct a review to determine whether a Federal credit 
        assistance program would be beneficial and feasible for 
        airport-related projects as defined in section 40117(a) of 
        title 49, United States Code.
            (2) Considerations.--In carrying out the review under 
        paragraph (1), the Secretary may consider--
                    (A) expanding eligibility under an existing Federal 
                credit assistance program to include such projects; and
                    (B) establishing a new credit assistance program 
                for such projects.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 270 days after the date of enactment of 
this section, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on 
Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives, the 
Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate, and 
the Committee on the Environment and Public Works of the Senate a 
report on the results of the review carried out under subsection (a). 
The report shall include a description of--
            (1) the benefits and other effects;
            (2) potential projects;
            (3) the budgetary impacts, including an estimate of--
                    (A) the average annual loan volume;
                    (B) the average subsidy rate; and
                    (C) any loss of Federal revenue;
            (4) impacts on existing programs;
            (5) the administrative costs; and
            (6) any personnel changes.

SEC. 571. SPECTRUM AVAILABILITY.

    (a) Findings.--Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) The Spectrum Pipeline Act of 2015 (47 U.S.C. 921 note) 
        requires the Secretary of Commerce to identify 30 megahertz of 
        electromagnetic spectrum below the frequency of 3 gigahertz to 
        be reallocated to non-Federal use, to shared Federal and non-
        Federal use, or to a combination thereof.
            (2) The Spectrum Pipeline Act of 2015 (47 U.S.C. 921 note) 
        authorized the Director of the Office of Management and Budget 
        to use amounts made available through the Spectrum Relocation 
        Fund to make payments to Federal entities for research and 
        development, engineering studies, economic analyses, and other 
        activities intended to improve the efficiency and effectiveness 
        of Federal spectrum use in order to make such spectrum 
        available for reallocation for non-Federal use, for shared 
        Federal and non-Federal use, or for a combination thereof.
            (3) The Federal Aviation Administration, in coordination 
        with the Department of Commerce, the Department of Defense, and 
        the Department of Homeland Security, established the Spectrum 
        Efficient National Surveillance Radar (referred to in this 
        section as ``SENSR'') Program to assess the feasibility of 
        consolidating certain long-range, short-range, and weather 
        radar systems in order to make available the 1300-1350 
        megahertz band.
            (4) The SENSR Program received approval and approximately 
        $71,500,000 from Office of Management and Budget on June 2, 
        2017, to proceed with Phase I of the SENSR Spectrum Pipeline 
        Plan, which will focus on requirements and concept development 
        as well as documenting expected costs and information for all 
        impacted Federal spectrum systems.
    (b)  Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that the SENSR 
Program of the FAA should continue its assessment of the feasibility of 
making the 1300-1350 megahertz band of electromagnetic spectrum 
available for non-Federal use.

SEC. 572. SPECIAL REVIEW RELATING TO AIR SPACE CHANGES.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Federal Aviation Management Advisory Council 
established under section 106(p) of title 49, United States Code (in 
this section referred to as the ``Council'') shall initiate a special 
review of the Federal Aviation Administration.
    (b) Review.--The special review of the Administration required 
under subsection (a) shall consist of the following:
            (1) A review of the practices and procedures of the Federal 
        Aviation Administration for developing proposals with respect 
        to changes in regulations, policies, or guidance of the Federal 
        Aviation Administration relating to airspace that affect 
        airport operations, airport capacity, the environment, or 
        communities in the vicinity of airports, including an 
        assessment of the extent to which there is consultation, or a 
        lack of consultation, with respect to such proposals--
                    (A) between and among the affected elements of the 
                Federal Aviation Administration, including the Air 
                Traffic Organization, the Office of Airports, the 
                Flight Standards Service, the Office of NextGen, and 
                the Office of Energy and Environment; and
                    (B) between the Federal Aviation Administration and 
                affected entities, including airports, aircraft 
                operators, communities, and State and local 
                governments.
            (2) Recommendations for revisions to such practices and 
        procedures to improve communications and coordination between 
        and among affected elements of the Federal Aviation 
        Administration and with other affected entities with respect to 
        proposals described in paragraph (1) and the potential effects 
        of such proposals.
    (c) Consultation.--In conducting the special review, the Council 
shall consult with--
            (1) air carriers, including passenger and cargo air 
        carriers;
            (2) general aviation, including business aviation and fixed 
        wing aircraft and rotorcraft;
            (3) airports of various sizes and types;
            (4) exclusive bargaining representatives of air traffic 
        controllers certified under section 7111 of title 5, United 
        States Code; and
            (5) State aviation officials.
    (d) Report Required.--Not later than 2 years after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress a report on the results of the 
special review conducted by the Council, including a description of the 
comments, recommendations, and dissenting views received from the 
Council and a description of how the Administrator plans to implement 
the recommendations of the Council.

SEC. 573. REIMBURSEMENT FOR IMMIGRATION INSPECTIONS.

    Section 286(i) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 
1356(i)) is amended--
            (1) by inserting ``, train,'' after ``commercial 
        aircraft''; and
            (2) by inserting ``, rail line,'' after ``airport''.

SEC. 574. FAA EMPLOYEES IN GUAM.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary of Transportation shall use existing 
authorities to negotiate an agreement that shall be renegotiated after 
no sooner than 3 years with the Secretary of Defense--
            (1) to authorize Federal Aviation Administration employees 
        assigned to Guam, their spouses, and their dependent children 
        access to Department of Defense health care facilities located 
        in Guam on a space available basis; and
            (2) to provide for payments by the Federal Aviation 
        Administration to the Department of Defense for the 
        administrative and any other costs associated with--
                    (A) enrolling Federal Aviation Administration 
                employees assigned to Guam, their spouses, and their 
                dependent children in any Department of Defense health 
                care facility necessary to allow access pursuant to 
                paragraph (1); and
                    (B) third-party billing for any medical costs 
                incurred as a result of Federal Aviation Administration 
                employees, their spouses, or their dependent children 
                accessing and receiving medical treatment or services 
                at a Department of Defense health care facility located 
                in Guam.
    (b) Funds Subject to Appropriations.--Funds for payments by the 
Federal Aviation Administration described in subsection (a)(2) are 
subject to the availability of amounts specifically provided in advance 
for that purpose in appropriations Acts.
    (c) Report on Access to Facilities of the Department of Defense in 
Guam.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
        the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation and 
        the Secretary of Defense shall jointly submit a report to the 
        Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and the House of 
        Representatives, the Committee on Commerce of the Senate, and 
        the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House 
        of Representatives on eligibility for and access to Department 
        of Defense support facilities by Federal Aviation 
        Administration employees in the U.S. territory of Guam.
            (2) Scope.--The report required under paragraph (1) shall:
                    (A) Evaluate the ability of Department of Defense 
                support facilities in Guam to adequately serve current 
                military personnel and dependent populations.
                    (B) Determine how any substantial increases to 
                military personnel and dependent populations in Guam 
                would impact the ability of existing Department of 
                Defense support facilities to provide services for 
                military personnel and dependents stationed in Guam.
                    (C) Provide recommendations on any improvements to 
                existing Department of Defense facilities which may be 
                needed to ensure those facilities in Guam can support 
                an increased population of military personnel and 
                dependent population in Guam.
                    (D) Consider the impact of expanded access to 
                Department of Defense support facilities in Guam to 
                Federal Aviation Administration employees and their 
                families on the ability of those facilities to provide 
                services to military personnel and their families.
                    (E) Recognize the Federal Aviation Administration's 
                vital role as the sole provider of radar air traffic 
                control services for aircraft traversing into and out 
                of the airspace near and above Guam the vast majority 
                of which are military operations, Department of Defense 
                aircraft, or other aircraft traveling to Guam in order 
                to interact with Department of Defense facilities.
                    (F) Review the existing authorities authorizing 
                eligibility and access for non-military personnel and 
                their dependents to Department of Defense support 
                facilities, including health care facilities, 
                commissaries, and exchanges, outside the continental 
                United States.
                    (G) Determine the applicability of those existing 
                authorities to Department of Defense support facilities 
                in the U.S. territory of Guam.
                    (H) Outline the specific conditions on Guam, which 
                may necessitate access to Department of Defense support 
                facilities in Guam by Federal Aviation Administration 
                personnel and their families.
                    (I) Determine any changes in laws or regulations 
                that may be necessary to authorize Federal Aviation 
                Administration employees and their families access to 
                Department of Defense health care facilities, 
                commissaries, and exchanges in Guam.

SEC. 575. GAO STUDY ON AIRLINE COMPUTER NETWORK DISRUPTIONS.

    Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress a report containing a review of the 
following:
            (1) Direct and indirect effects on passengers, if any, 
        resulting from significant computer network disruptions of part 
        121 (of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations) air carriers 
        between January 1, 2014, and the date of enactment of this 
        section, including--
                    (A) systemwide delays;
                    (B) flight cancellations; and
                    (C) disrupted or broken itineraries.
            (2) An estimate of any expenses incurred by passengers 
        during significant computer network disruptions, including--
                    (A) meals, lodging, and ancillary expenses per 
                persons;
                    (B) late hotel check-in or car rental fees;
                    (C) missed cruise-ship departures; and
                    (D) lost productivity.
            (3) Air carriers' contracts of carriage and interline 
        agreements to determine if and how air carriers accommodate 
        passengers affected by significant computer network disruptions 
        on other air carriers or foreign air carriers.
            (4) Whether passengers who have been displaced by 
        significant computer network disruptions are furnished with 
        alternative transportation aboard another air carrier or 
        foreign air carrier.
            (5) Costs incurred by airports, if any, to meet the 
        essential needs of passengers, including increased demands on 
        utilities, food concessionaires, restroom facilities, and 
        security staffing, during significant computer network 
        disruptions.
            (6) Other costs, if any, incurred by passengers, airports, 
        and other entities as a direct result of significant computer 
        network disruptions.
            (7) Processes, plans, and redundancies in place at air 
        carriers to respond to and recover from such network 
        disruptions.

SEC. 576. TOWER MARKING.

    Section 2110 of the FAA Extension, Safety, and Security Act of 2016 
(49 U.S.C. 44718 note) is amended to read as follows:

``SEC. 2110. TOWER MARKING.

    ``(a) Application.--
            ``(1) In general.--Except as provided by paragraph (2), not 
        later than 18 months after the date of enactment of the FAA 
        Reauthorization Act of 2018 or the date of availability of the 
        database developed by the Administrator pursuant to subsection 
        (c), whichever is later, all covered towers shall be either--
                    ``(A) clearly marked consistent with applicable 
                guidance in the advisory circular of the FAA issued 
                December 4, 2015 (AC 70/7460-IL); or
                    ``(B) included in the database described in 
                subsection (c).
            ``(2) Meteorological evaluation tower.--A covered tower 
        that is a meteorological evaluation tower shall be subject to 
        the requirements of subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (1).
    ``(b) Definitions.--
            ``(1) In general.--In this section, the following 
        definitions apply:
                    ``(A) Covered tower.--
                            ``(i) In general.--The term `covered tower' 
                        means a structure that--
                                    ``(I) is a meteorological 
                                evaluation tower, a self-standing 
                                tower, or tower supported by guy wires 
                                and ground anchors;
                                    ``(II) is 10 feet or less in 
                                diameter at the above-ground base, 
                                excluding concrete footing;
                                    ``(III) at the highest point of the 
                                structure is at least 50 feet above 
                                ground level;
                                    ``(IV) at the highest point of the 
                                structure is not more than 200 feet 
                                above ground level;
                                    ``(V) has accessory facilities on 
                                which an antenna, sensor, camera, 
                                meteorological instrument, or other 
                                equipment is mounted; and
                                    ``(VI) is located on land that is--
                                            ``(aa) in a rural area; and
                                            ``(bb) used for 
                                        agricultural purposes or 
                                        immediately adjacent to such 
                                        land.
                            ``(ii) Exclusions.--The term `covered 
                        tower' does not include any structure that--
                                    ``(I) is adjacent to a house, barn, 
                                electric utility station, or other 
                                building;
                                    ``(II) is within the curtilage of a 
                                farmstead or adjacent to another 
                                building or visible structure;
                                    ``(III) supports electric utility 
                                transmission or distribution lines;
                                    ``(IV) is a wind-powered electrical 
                                generator with a rotor blade radius 
                                that exceeds 6 feet;
                                    ``(V) is a street light erected or 
                                maintained by a Federal, State, local, 
                                or tribal entity;
                                    ``(VI) is designed and constructed 
                                to resemble a tree or visible structure 
                                other than a tower;
                                    ``(VII) is an advertising 
                                billboard;
                                    ``(VIII) is located within the 
                                right-of-way of a rail carrier, 
                                including within the boundaries of a 
                                rail yard, and is used for a railroad 
                                purpose;
                                    ``(IX)(aa) is registered with the 
                                Federal Communications Commission under 
                                the Antenna Structure Registration 
                                program set forth under part 17 of 
                                title 47, Code of Federal Regulations; 
                                and
                                    ``(bb) is determined by the 
                                Administrator to pose no hazard to air 
                                navigation; or
                                    ``(X) has already mitigated any 
                                hazard to aviation safety in accordance 
                                with Federal Aviation Administration 
                                guidance or as otherwise approved by 
                                the Administrator.
                    ``(B) Rural area.--The term `rural area' has the 
                meaning given the term in section 609(a)(5) of the 
                Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 (7 
                U.S.C. 918c(a)(5)).
                    ``(C) Agricultural purposes.--The term 
                `agricultural purposes' means farming in all its 
                branches and the cultivation and tillage of the soil, 
                the production, cultivation, growing, and harvesting of 
                any agricultural or horticultural commodities performed 
                by a farmer or on a farm, or on pasture land or 
                rangeland.
            ``(2) Other definitions.--The Administrator shall define 
        such other terms as may be necessary to carry out this section.
    ``(c) Database.--The Administrator shall--
            ``(1) develop a new database, or if appropriate use an 
        existing database that meets the requirements under this 
        section, that contains the location and height of each covered 
        tower that, pursuant to subsection (a), the owner or operator 
        of such tower elects not to mark (unless the Administrator has 
        determined that there is a significant safety risk requiring 
        that the tower be marked), except that meteorological 
        evaluation towers shall be marked and contained in the 
        database;
            ``(2) keep the database current to the extent practicable;
            ``(3) ensure that any proprietary information in the 
        database is protected from disclosure in accordance with law;
            ``(4) ensure that, by virtue of accessing the database, 
        users agree and acknowledge that information in the database--
                    ``(A) may only be used for aviation safety 
                purposes; and
                    ``(B) may not be disclosed for purposes other than 
                aviation safety, regardless of whether or not the 
                information is marked or labeled as proprietary or with 
                a similar designation;
            ``(5) ensure that the tower information in the database is 
        de-identified and that the information only includes the 
        location and height of covered towers and whether the tower has 
        guy wires;
            ``(6) ensure that information in the dataset is encrypted 
        at rest and in transit and is protected from unauthorized 
        access and acquisition;
            ``(7) ensure that towers excluded from the definition of 
        covered tower under subsection (d)(1)(B)(ii)(VIII) must be 
        registered by its owner in the database;
            ``(8) ensure that a tower to be included in the database 
        pursuant to subsection (c)(1) and constructed after the date on 
        which the database is fully operational is submitted by its 
        owner to the FAA for inclusion in the database before its 
        construction;
            ``(9) ensure that pilots who intend to conduct low-altitude 
        operations in locations described in subsection 
        (b)(1)(A)(i)(VI) consult the relevant parts of the database 
        before conducting such operations; and
            ``(10) make the database available for use not later than 1 
        year after the date of enactment of the FAA Reauthorization Act 
        of 2018.
    ``(d) Exclusion and Waiver Authorities.--As part of a rulemaking 
conducted pursuant to this section, the Administrator--
            ``(1) may exclude a class, category, or type of tower that 
        is determined by the Administrator, after public notice and 
        comment, to not pose a hazard to aviation safety;
            ``(2) shall establish a process to waive specific covered 
        towers from the marking requirements under this section as 
        required under the rulemaking if the Administrator later 
        determines such tower or towers do not pose a hazard to 
        aviation safety;
            ``(3) shall consider, in establishing exclusions and 
        granting waivers under this subsection, factors that may 
        sufficiently mitigate risks to aviation safety, such as the 
        length of time the tower has been in existence or alternative 
        marking methods or technologies that maintains a tower's level 
        of conspicuousness to a degree which adequately maintains the 
        safety of the airspace; and
            ``(4) shall consider excluding towers located in a State 
        that has enacted tower marking requirements according to the 
        Federal Aviation Administration's recommended guidance for the 
        voluntary marking of meteorological evaluation towers erected 
        in remote and rural areas that are less than 200 feet above 
        ground level to enhance the conspicuity of the towers for low 
        level agricultural operations in the vicinity of those towers.
    ``(e) Periodic Review.--The Administrator shall, in consultation 
with the Federal Communications Commission, periodically review any 
regulations or guidance regarding the marking of covered towers issued 
pursuant to this section and update them as necessary, consistent with 
this section, and in the interest of safety of low-altitude aircraft 
operations.
    ``(f) FCC Regulations.--The Federal Communications Commission shall 
amend section 17.7 of title 47, Code of Federal Regulations, to require 
a notification to the Federal Aviation Administration for any 
construction or alteration of an antenna structure, as defined in 
section 17.2(a) of title 47, Code of Federal Regulations, that is a 
covered tower as defined by this section.''.

SEC. 577. MINIMUM DIMENSIONS FOR PASSENGER SEATS.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, and after providing notice and an opportunity for comment, 
the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall issue 
regulations that establish minimum dimensions for passenger seats on 
aircraft operated by air carriers in interstate air transportation or 
intrastate air transportation, including minimums for seat pitch, 
width, and length, and that are necessary for the safety of passengers.
    (b) Definitions.--The definitions contained in section 40102(a) of 
title 49, United States Code, apply to this section.

SEC. 578. JUDICIAL REVIEW FOR PROPOSED ALTERNATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW 
              AND APPROVAL PROCEDURES.

    Section 330 of title 23, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(2), by striking ``5 States'' and 
        inserting ``2 States''; and
            (2) in subsection (e)--
                    (A) in paragraph (2)(A), by striking ``2 years'' 
                and inserting ``150 days as set forth in section 
                139(l)''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (3)(B)(i), by striking ``2 years'' 
                and inserting ``150 days as set forth in section 
                139(l)''.

SEC. 579. REGULATORY STREAMLINING.

    Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall issue a 
final regulation revising section 121.333(c)(3) of title 14, Code of 
Federal Regulations, to apply only to flight altitudes above flight 
level 410.

SEC. 580. SPACEPORTS.

    (a) Sense of Congress on State Spaceport Contributions.--It is the 
Sense of Congress that--
            (1) State and local government-owned or -operated 
        spaceports have contributed hundreds of millions of dollars in 
        infrastructure improvements to the national space launch 
        infrastructure, providing the United States Government and 
        commercial customers with world-class space launch and 
        processing infrastructure that is necessary to support 
        continued American leadership in space;
            (2) State and local government-owned or -operated 
        spaceports play a critical role in providing resiliency and 
        redundancy in the national launch infrastructure to support 
        national security and civil government capabilities, and should 
        be recognized as a critical infrastructure in Federal strategy 
        and planning;
            (3) continued State and local government investments at 
        launch and reentry facilities should be encouraged and to the 
        maximum extent practicable supported in Federal policies, 
        planning and infrastructure investment considerations, 
        including through Federal, State, and local partnerships;
            (4) Federal investments in space infrastructure should 
        enable partnerships between Federal agencies and state and 
        local spaceports to modernize and enable expanded 21st century 
        space transportation infrastructure, especially multi-modal 
        networks needed for robust space transportation that support 
        national security, civil, and commercial launch customers; and
            (5) States and local governments that have made investments 
        to build, maintain, operate, and improve capabilities for 
        national security, civil, and commercial customers should be 
        commended for their infrastructure contributions to launch and 
        reentry sites, and encouraged through a variety of programs and 
        policies to continue these investments in the national 
        interest.
    (b) Establishment of Office of Spaceports.--
            (1) Establishment of office of spaceports.--Title 51, 
        United States Code, is amended by adding at the end of subtitle 
        V the following:

                  ``CHAPTER 515--OFFICE OF SPACEPORTS

``Sec. 51501. Establishment of Office of Spaceports
    ``(a) Establishment of Office.--Not later than 90 days after the 
date of enactment of this section, the Secretary of Transportation 
shall identify, within the Office of Commercial Space Transportation, a 
centralized policy office to be known as the Office of Spaceports.
    ``(b) Functions.--The Office of Spaceports shall--
            ``(1) support licensing activities for operation of launch 
        and reentry sites;
            ``(2) develop policies that promote infrastructure 
        improvements at spaceports;
            ``(3) provide technical assistance and guidance to 
        spaceports;
            ``(4) promote United States spaceports within the 
        Department; and
            ``(5) strengthen the Nation's competitiveness in commercial 
        space transportation infrastructure and increase resilience for 
        the Federal Government and commercial customers.
    ``(c) Recognition.--In carrying out the functions assigned in 
subsection (b), the Secretary shall recognize the unique needs and 
distinctions of spaceports that host--
            ``(1) launches to or reentries from orbit; and
            ``(2) are involved in suborbital launch activities.
    ``(d) Director.--The head of the Office of the Associate 
Administrator for Commercial Space Transportation shall designate a 
Director of the Office of Spaceports.
    ``(e) Definition.--In this section the term `spaceport' means a 
launch or reentry site that is operated by an entity licensed by the 
Secretary of Transportation.''.
            (2) Technical and conforming amendment.--The table of 
        chapters of title 51, United State Code, is amended by adding 
        at the end of subtitle V the following:

``515. Office of Spaceports.................................   51501''.
    (c) Report on National Spaceports Policy.--
            (1) Sense of congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
                    (A) A robust network of space transportation 
                infrastructure, including spaceports, is vital to the 
                growth of the domestic space industry and America's 
                competitiveness and access to space.
                    (B) Non-Federal spaceports have significantly 
                increased the space transportation infrastructure of 
                the United States through significant investments by 
                State and local governments, which have encouraged 
                greater private investment.
                    (C) These spaceports have led to the development of 
                a growing number of orbital and suborbital launch and 
                reentry sites that are available to the national 
                security, civil, and commercial space customers at 
                minimal cost to the Federal Government.
                    (D) The Federal Government, led by the Secretary of 
                Transportation, should seek to promote the growth, 
                resilience, and capabilities of this space 
                transportation infrastructure through policies and 
                through partnerships with State and local governments.
            (2) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall 
        submit to Congress a report that--
                    (A) evaluates the Federal Government's national 
                security and civil space transportation demands and the 
                needs of the United States and international commercial 
                markets;
                    (B) proposes policies and programs designed to 
                ensure a robust and resilient orbital and suborbital 
                spaceport infrastructure to serve and capitalize on 
                these space transportation opportunities;
                    (C) reviews the development and investments made by 
                international competitors in foreign spaceports, to the 
                extent practicable;
                    (D) makes recommendations on how the Federal 
                Government can support, encourage, promote, and 
                facilitate greater investments in infrastructure at 
                spaceports; and
                    (E) considers and makes recommendations about how 
                spaceports can fully support and enable the national 
                space policy.
            (3) Updates to the report.--Not later than 3 years after 
        the date of enactment of this Act and every 2 years until 
        December 2024, the Secretary shall--
                    (A) update the previous report prepared under this 
                subsection; and
                    (B) submit the updated report to Congress.
            (4) Consultations required.--In preparing the reports 
        required by this subsection, the Secretary shall consult with 
        individuals including--
                    (A) the Secretary of Defense;
                    (B) the Secretary of Commerce;
                    (C) the Administrator of the National Aeronautics 
                and Space Administration; and
                    (D) interested persons at spaceports, State and 
                local governments, and industry.
    (d) Report on Space Transportation Infrastructure Matching 
Grants.--
            (1) GAO study and report.--The Comptroller General of the 
        United States shall conduct a study regarding spaceport 
        activities carried out pursuant to chapters 509 and 511 of 
        title 51, United States Code, including--
                    (A) an assessment of potential mechanisms to 
                provide Federal support to spaceports, including the 
                airport improvement program established under 
                subchapter I of chapter 471 of title 49, United States 
                Code, and the program established under chapter 511 of 
                title 51, United States Code;
                    (B) recommendations for potential funding options; 
                and
                    (C) any necessary changes to improve the spaceport 
                application review process.
            (2) Consultation.--In carrying out the study described in 
        paragraph (1), the Comptroller General shall consult with 
        sources from each component of the commercial space 
        transportation sector, including interested persons in industry 
        and government officials at the Federal, State, and local 
        levels.
            (3) User-funded spaceports.--In reviewing funding options, 
        the Comptroller General shall distinguish between spaceports 
        that are funded by users and those that are not.
            (4) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to 
        Congress a report containing results of the study conducted 
        under paragraph (1).
    (e) Definition.--In this section, the term ``spaceport'' means a 
launch or reentry site that is operated by an entity licensed by the 
Secretary of Transportation.

SEC. 581. SPECIAL RULE FOR CERTAIN AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS (SPACE SUPPORT 
              VEHICLES).

    (a) Space Support Vehicle Definitions.--Section 50902 of title 51, 
United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by redesignating paragraphs (21) through (25) as 
        paragraphs (23) through (27), respectively; and
            (2) by inserting after paragraph (20) the following:
            ``(21) `space support vehicle flight' means a flight in the 
        air that--
                    ``(A) is not a launch or reentry; but
                    ``(B) is conducted by a space support vehicle.
            ``(22) `space support vehicle' means a vehicle that is--
                    ``(A) a launch vehicle;
                    ``(B) a reentry vehicle; or
                    ``(C) a component of a launch or reentry 
                vehicle.''.
    (b) Special Rule for Certain Aircraft Operations.--
            (1) In general.--Chapter 447, of title 49, United States 
        Code, as amended by this Act, is further amended by adding at 
        the end the following:
``Sec. 44737. Special rule for certain aircraft operations.
    ``(a) In General.--The operator of an aircraft with a special 
airworthiness certification in the experimental category may--
            ``(1) operate the aircraft for the purpose of conducting a 
        space support vehicle flight (as that term is defined in 
        chapter 50902 of title 51); and
            ``(2) conduct such flight under such certificate carrying 
        persons or property for compensation or hire --
                    ``(A) notwithstanding any rule or term of a 
                certificate issued by the Administrator of the Federal 
                Aviation Administration that would prohibit flight for 
                compensation or hire; or
                    ``(B) without obtaining a certificate issued by the 
                Administrator to conduct air carrier or commercial 
                operations.
    ``(b) Limited Applicability.--Subsection (a) shall apply only to a 
space support vehicle flight that satisfies each of the following:
            ``(1) (1) The aircraft conducting the space support vehicle 
        flight--
                    ``(A) takes flight and lands at a single site that 
                is operated by an entity licensed for operation under 
                chapter 509 of title 51;
                    ``(B) is owned or operated by a launch or reentry 
                vehicle operator licensed under chapter 509 of title 
                51, or on behalf of a launch or reentry vehicle 
                operator licensed under chapter 509 of title 51;
                    ``(C) is a launch vehicle, a reentry vehicle, or a 
                component of a launch or reentry vehicle licensed for 
                operations pursuant to chapter 509 of title 51; and
                    ``(D) is used only to simulate space flight 
                conditions in support of--
                            ``(i) training for potential space flight 
                        participants, government astronauts, or crew 
                        (as those terms are defined in chapter 509 of 
                        title 51);
                            ``(ii) the testing of hardware to be used 
                        in space flight; or
                            ``(iii) research and development tasks, 
                        which require the unique capabilities of the 
                        aircraft conducting the flight.
    ``(c) Rules of Construction.--
            ``(1) Space support vehicles.--Section 44711(a)(1) shall 
        not apply to a person conducting a space support vehicle flight 
        under this section only to the extent that a term of the 
        experimental certificate under which the person is operating 
        the space support vehicle prohibits the carriage of persons or 
        property for compensation or hire.
            ``(2) Authority of administrator.--Nothing in this section 
        shall be construed to limit the authority of the Administrator 
        of the Federal Aviation Administration to exempt a person from 
        a regulatory prohibition on the carriage of persons or property 
        for compensation or hire subject to terms and conditions other 
        than those described in this section''.
            (2) Technical amendment.--The table of contents of 447 of 
        title 49, United States Code, as amended by this Act, is 
        further amended by adding at the end the following:

``Sec. 44737. Special rule for certain aircraft operations.''.
            (3) Rule of construction relating to role of nasa.--Nothing 
        in this subsection shall be construed as limiting the ability 
        of National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to 
        place conditions on or otherwise qualify the operations of NASA 
        contractors providing NASA services.

SEC. 582. PORTABILITY OF REPAIRMAN CERTIFICATES.

    (a) In General.--The Administrator shall assign to the Aviation 
Rulemaking Advisory Committee the task of making recommendations with 
respect to the regulatory and policy changes, as appropriate, to allow 
a repairman certificate issued under section 65.101 of title 14, Code 
of Federal Regulations, to be portable from one employing certificate 
holder to another.
    (b) Action Based on Recommendations.--Not later than 1 year after 
receiving recommendations under subsection (a), the Administrator may 
take such action as the Administrator considers appropriate with 
respect to those recommendations.

SEC. 583. UNDECLARED HAZARDOUS MATERIALS PUBLIC AWARENESS CAMPAIGN.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary of Transportation shall carry out a 
public awareness campaign to reduce the amount of undeclared hazardous 
materials traveling through air commerce.
    (b) Campaign Requirements.--The public awareness campaign required 
under subsection (a) shall do the following:
            (1) Focus on targeting segments of the hazardous materials 
        industry with high rates of undeclared shipments through air 
        commerce and educate air carriers, shippers, manufacturers, and 
        other relevant stakeholders of such segments on properly 
        packaging and classifying such shipments.
            (2) Educate the public on proper ways to declare and ship 
        hazardous materials, examples of everyday items that are 
        considered hazardous materials, and penalties associated with 
        intentional shipments of undeclared hazardous materials.
    (c) Interagency Working Group.--
            (1) Establishment.--Not later than 30 days after the date 
        of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall 
        establish an interagency working group to promote collaboration 
        and engagement between the Department of Transportation and 
        other relevant agencies, and develop recommendations and 
        guidance on how best to conduct the public awareness campaign 
        required under subsection (a).
            (2) Duties.--The interagency working group shall consult 
        with relevant stakeholders, including cargo air carriers, 
        passenger air carriers, and labor organizations representing 
        pilots for cargo and passenger air carriers operating under 
        part 121 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.
    (d) Update.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall provide to the 
appropriate committees of Congress an update on the status of the 
public awareness campaign required under subsection (a).

SEC. 584. LIABILITY PROTECTION FOR VOLUNTEER PILOTS WHO FLY FOR THE 
              PUBLIC BENEFIT.

    Section 4 of the Volunteer Protection Act of 1997 (42 U.S.C. 14503) 
is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsections (b) through (f) as 
        subsections (c) through (g), respectively;
            (2) in subsection (a), by striking ``subsections (b) and 
        (d)'' and inserting ``subsections (b), (c), and (e)''; and
            (3) by inserting after subsection (a) the following:
    ``(b) Liability Protection for Pilots That Fly for Public 
Benefit.--Except as provided in subsections (c) and (e), no volunteer 
of a volunteer pilot nonprofit organization that arranges flights for 
public benefit shall be liable for harm caused by an act or omission of 
the volunteer on behalf of the organization if, at the time of the act 
or omission, the volunteer--
            ``(1) was operating an aircraft in furtherance of the 
        purpose of, and acting within the scope of the volunteer's 
        responsibilities on behalf of, the nonprofit organization to 
        provide patient and medical transport (including medical 
        transport for veterans), disaster relief, humanitarian 
        assistance, or other similar charitable missions;
            ``(2) was properly licensed and insured for the operation 
        of the aircraft;
            ``(3) was in compliance with all requirements of the 
        Federal Aviation Administration for recent flight experience; 
        and
            ``(4) did not cause the harm through willful or criminal 
        misconduct, gross negligence, reckless misconduct, or a 
        conscious, flagrant indifference to the rights or safety of the 
        individual harmed by the volunteer.''; and
            (4) in subsection (g)(2), as redesignated, by striking 
        ``(e)'' and inserting ``(f)''.

                      TITLE VI--AVIATION WORKFORCE

                     Subtitle A--Youth in Aviation

SEC. 601. STUDENT OUTREACH REPORT.

    Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall submit 
to the appropriate committees of Congress a report that describes the 
Administration's existing outreach efforts, such as the STEM Aviation 
and Space Education Outreach Program, to elementary and secondary 
students who are interested in careers in science, technology, 
engineering, art, and mathematics--
            (1) to prepare and inspire such students for aviation and 
        aeronautical careers; and
            (2) to mitigate an anticipated shortage of pilots and other 
        aviation professionals.

SEC. 602. YOUTH ACCESS TO AMERICAN JOBS IN AVIATION TASK FORCE.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration 
shall establish a Youth Access to American Jobs in Aviation Task Force 
(in this section referred to as the ``Task Force'').
    (b) Duties.--Not later than 12 months after its establishment under 
subsection (a), the Task Force shall develop and submit to the 
Administrator recommendations and strategies for the Administration 
to--
            (1) facilitate and encourage high school students in the 
        United States, beginning in their junior year, to enroll in and 
        complete career and technical education courses, including 
        STEM, that would prepare them to enroll in a course of study 
        related to an aviation career at an institution of higher 
        education, including a community college or trade school;
            (2) facilitate and encourage the students described in 
        paragraph (1) to enroll in a course of study related to an 
        aviation career, including aviation manufacturing, engineering 
        and maintenance, at an institution of higher education, 
        including a community college or trade school; and
            (3) identify and develop pathways for students who complete 
        a course of study described in paragraph (2) to secure 
        registered apprenticeships, workforce development programs, or 
        careers in the aviation industry of the United States.
    (c) Considerations.--When developing recommendations and strategies 
under subsection (b), the Task Force shall--
            (1) identify industry trends that encourage or discourage 
        youth in the United States from pursuing careers in aviation;
            (2) consider how the Administration; air carriers; 
        aircraft, powerplant, and avionics manufacturers; aircraft 
        repair stations; and other aviation stakeholders can coordinate 
        efforts to support youth in pursuing careers in aviation;
            (3) identify methods of enhancing aviation apprenticeships, 
        job skills training, mentorship, education, and outreach 
        programs that are exclusive to youth in the United States; and
            (4) identify potential sources of government and private 
        sector funding, including grants and scholarships, that may be 
        used to carry out the recommendations and strategies described 
        in subsection (b) and to support youth in pursuing careers in 
        aviation.
    (d) Report.--Not later than 30 days after submission of the 
recommendations and strategies under subsection (b), the Task Force 
shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report 
outlining such recommendations and strategies.
    (e) Composition of Task Force.--The Administrator shall appoint 
members of the Task Force, including representatives from the 
following:
            (1) Air carriers.
            (2) Aircraft, powerplant, and avionics manufacturers.
            (3) Aircraft repair stations.
            (4) Local educational agencies or high schools.
            (5) Institutions of higher education, including community 
        colleges and aviation trade schools.
            (6) Such other aviation and educational stakeholders and 
        experts as the Administrator considers appropriate.
    (f) Period of Appointment.--Members shall be appointed to the Task 
Force for the duration of the existence of the Task Force.
    (g) Compensation.--Task Force members shall serve without 
compensation.
    (h) Sunset.--The Task Force shall terminate upon the submittal of 
the report pursuant to subsection (d).
    (i) Definition of STEM.--The term ``STEM'' means--
            (1) science, technology, engineering, and mathematics; and
            (2) other career and technical education subjects that 
        build on the subjects described in paragraph (1).

                     Subtitle B--Women in Aviation

SEC. 611. SENSE OF CONGRESS REGARDING WOMEN IN AVIATION.

    It is the sense of Congress that the aviation industry should 
explore all opportunities, including pilot training, science, 
technology, engineering, and mathematics education, and mentorship 
programs, to encourage and support female students and aviators to 
pursue a career in aviation.

SEC. 612. SUPPORTING WOMEN'S INVOLVEMENT IN THE AVIATION FIELD.

    (a) Advisory Board.--To encourage women and girls to enter the 
field of aviation, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
Administration shall create and facilitate the Women in Aviation 
Advisory Board (referred to in this section as the ``Board''), with the 
objective of promoting organizations and programs that are providing 
education, training, mentorship, outreach, and recruitment of women 
into the aviation industry.
    (b) Composition.--The Board shall consist of members whose diverse 
background and expertise allow them to contribute balanced points of 
view and ideas regarding the strategies and objectives set forth in 
subsection (f).
    (c) Selection.--Not later than 9 months after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator shall appoint members of the Board, 
including representatives from the following:
            (1) Major airlines and aerospace companies.
            (2) Nonprofit organizations within the aviation industry.
            (3) Aviation business associations.
            (4) Engineering business associations.
            (5) United States Air Force Auxiliary, Civil Air Patrol.
            (6) Institutions of higher education and aviation trade 
        schools.
    (d) Period of Appointment.--Members shall be appointed to the Board 
for the duration of the existence of the Board.
    (e) Compensation.--Board members shall serve without compensation.
    (f) Duties.--Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Board shall present a comprehensive plan for 
strategies the Administration can take, which include the following 
objectives:
            (1) Identifying industry trends that directly or indirectly 
        encourage or discourage women from pursuing careers in 
        aviation.
            (2) Coordinating the efforts of airline companies, 
        nonprofit organizations, and aviation and engineering 
        associations to facilitate support for women pursuing careers 
        in aviation.
            (3) Creating opportunities to expand existing scholarship 
        opportunities for women in the aviation industry.
            (4) Enhancing aviation training, mentorship, education, and 
        outreach programs that are exclusive to women.
    (g) Reports.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Board shall submit a report 
        outlining the comprehensive plan for strategies pursuant to 
        subsection (f) to the Administrator and the appropriate 
        committees of Congress.
            (2) Availability online.--The Administrator shall make the 
        report publicly available online and in print.
    (h) Sunset.--The Board shall terminate upon the submittal of the 
report pursuant to subsection (g).

                Subtitle C--Future of Aviation Workforce

SEC. 621. AVIATION AND AEROSPACE WORKFORCE OF THE FUTURE.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds that--
            (1) in 2016, United States air carriers carried a record 
        high number of passengers on domestic flights, 719 million 
        passengers;
            (2) the United States aerospace and defense industry 
        employed 1.7 million workers in 2015, or roughly 2 percent of 
        the Nation's total employment base;
            (3) the average salary of an employee in the aerospace and 
        defense industry is 44 percent above the national average;
            (4) in 2015, the aerospace and defense industry contributed 
        nearly $202.4 billion in value added to the United States 
        economy;
            (5) an effective aviation industry relies on individuals 
        with unique skill sets, many of which can be directly obtained 
        through career and technical education opportunities; and
            (6) industry and the Federal Government have taken some 
        actions to attract qualified individuals to careers in aviation 
        and aerospace and to retain qualified individuals in such 
        careers.
    (b) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) public and private education institutions should make 
        available to students and parents information on approved 
        programs of study and career pathways, including career 
        exploration, work-based learning opportunities, dual and 
        concurrent enrollment opportunities, and guidance and 
        advisement resources;
            (2) public and private education institutions should 
        partner with aviation and aerospace companies to promote career 
        paths available within the industry and share information on 
        the unique benefits and opportunities the career paths offer;
            (3) aviation companies, including air carriers, 
        manufacturers, commercial space companies, unmanned aircraft 
        system companies, and repair stations, should create 
        opportunities, through apprenticeships or other mechanisms, to 
        attract young people to aviation and aerospace careers and to 
        enable individuals to gain the critical skills needed to thrive 
        in such professions; and
            (4) the Federal Government should consider the needs of men 
        and women interested in pursuing careers in the aviation and 
        aerospace industry, the long-term personnel needs of the 
        aviation and aerospace industry, and the role of aviation in 
        the United States economy in the creation and administration of 
        educational and financial aid programs.

SEC. 622. AVIATION AND AEROSPACE WORKFORCE OF THE FUTURE STUDY.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall 
initiate a study--
            (1) to evaluate the current and future supply of 
        individuals in the aviation and aerospace workforce;
            (2) to identify the factors influencing the supply of 
        individuals pursuing a career in the aviation or aerospace 
        industry, including barriers to entry into the workforce; and
            (3) to identify methods to increase the future supply of 
        individuals in the aviation and aerospace workforce, including 
        best practices or programs to incentivize, recruit, and retain 
        young people in aviation and aerospace professions.
    (b) Consultation.--The Comptroller General shall conduct the study 
in consultation with--
            (1) appropriate Federal agencies; and
            (2) the aviation and aerospace industry, institutions of 
        higher education, and labor stakeholders.
    (c) Report to Congress.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress a report on the results of the study 
and related recommendations.

SEC. 623. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON HIRING VETERANS.

    It is the sense of Congress that the aviation industry, including 
certificate holders under parts 121, 135, and 145 of title 14, Code of 
Federal Regulations, should hire more of the Nation's veterans.

SEC. 624. AVIATION MAINTENANCE INDUSTRY TECHNICAL WORKFORCE.

    (a) Regulations.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
Administration shall issue a final rule to modernize training programs 
at aviation maintenance technician schools governed by part 147 of 
title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.
    (b) Guidance.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator shall coordinate with government, 
educational institutions, labor organizations representing aviation 
maintenance workers, and businesses to develop and publish guidance or 
model curricula for aviation maintenance technician schools referred to 
in subsection (a) to ensure workforce readiness for industry needs, 
including curricula related to training in avionics, troubleshooting, 
and other areas of industry needs.
    (c) Review and Periodic Updates.--The Administrator shall--
            (1) ensure training programs referred to in subsection (a) 
        are revised and updated in correlation with aviation 
        maintenance technician airman certification standards as 
        necessary to reflect current technology and maintenance 
        practices; and
            (2) publish updates to the guidance or model curricula 
        required under subsection (b) at least once every 2 years, as 
        necessary, from the date of initial publication.
    (d) Report to Congress.--If the Administrator does not issue such 
final rule by the deadline specified in subsection (a), the 
Administrator shall, not later than 30 days after such deadline, submit 
to the appropriate committees of Congress a report containing--
            (1) an explanation as to why such final rule was not issued 
        by such deadline; and
            (2) a schedule for issuing such final rule .
    (e) Study.--The Comptroller General of the United States shall 
conduct a study on technical workers in the aviation maintenance 
industry.
    (f) Contents.--In conducting the study under subsection (e), the 
Comptroller General shall--
            (1) analyze the current Standard Occupational 
        Classification system with regard to the aviation profession, 
        particularly technical workers in the aviation maintenance 
        industry;
            (2) analyze how changes to the Federal employment 
        classification of aviation maintenance industry workers might 
        affect government data on unemployment rates and wages;
            (3) analyze how changes to the Federal employment 
        classification of aviation maintenance industry workers might 
        affect projections for future aviation maintenance industry 
        workforce needs and project technical worker shortfalls;
            (4) analyze the impact of Federal regulation, including 
        Federal Aviation Administration oversight of certification, 
        testing, and education programs, on employment of technical 
        workers in the aviation maintenance industry;
            (5) develop recommendations on how Federal Aviation 
        Administration regulations and policies could be improved to 
        modernize training programs at aviation maintenance technical 
        schools and address aviation maintenance industry needs for 
        technical workers;
            (6) develop recommendations for better coordinating actions 
        by government, educational institutions, and businesses to 
        support workforce growth in the aviation maintenance industry; 
        and
            (7) develop recommendations for addressing the needs for 
        government funding, private investment, equipment for training 
        purposes, and other resources necessary to strengthen existing 
        training programs or develop new training programs to support 
        workforce growth in the aviation industry.
    (g) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a report on the results of the study.
    (h) Definitions.--In this section, the following definitions apply:
            (1) Aviation maintenance industry.--The term ``aviation 
        maintenance industry'' means repair stations certificated under 
        part 145 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.
            (2) Technical worker.--The term ``technical worker'' means 
        an individual authorized under part 43 of title 14, Code of 
        Federal Regulations, to maintain, rebuild, alter, or perform 
        preventive maintenance on an aircraft, airframe, aircraft 
        engine, propeller, appliance, or component part or employed by 
        an entity so authorized to perform such a function.

SEC. 625. AVIATION WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary of Transportation shall establish--
            (1) a program to provide grants for eligible projects to 
        support the education of future aircraft pilots and the 
        development of the aircraft pilot workforce; and
            (2) a program to provide grants for eligible projects to 
        support the education and recruitment of aviation maintenance 
        technical workers and the development of the aviation 
        maintenance workforce.
    (b) Project Grants.--
            (1) In general.--Out of amounts made available under 
        section 48105 of title 49, United States Code, not more than 
        $5,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023 is 
        authorized to be expended to provide grants under the program 
        established under subsection (a)(1), and $5,000,000 for each of 
        fiscal years 2019 through 2023 is authorized to provide grants 
        under the program established under subsection (a)(2).
            (2) Dollar amount limit.--Not more than $500,000 shall be 
        available for any 1 grant in any 1 fiscal year under the 
        programs established under subsection (a).
    (c) Eligible Applications.--
            (1) An application for a grant under the program 
        established under subsection (a)(1) shall be submitted, in such 
        form as the Secretary may specify, by--
                    (A) an air carrier, as defined in section 40102 of 
                title 49, United States Code, or a labor organization 
                representing aircraft pilots;
                    (B) an accredited institution of higher education 
                (as defined in section 101 of the Higher Education Act 
                of 1965 (20 U. S. C. 1001)) or a high school or 
                secondary school (as defined in section 7801 of the 
                Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7801));
                    (C) a flight school that provides flight training, 
                as defined in part 61 of title 14, Code of Federal 
                Regulations, or that holds a pilot school certificate 
                under part 141 of title 14, Code of Federal 
                Regulations; or
                    (D) a State or local governmental entity.
            (2) An application for a grant under the pilot program 
        established under subsection (a)(2) shall be submitted, in such 
        form as the Secretary may specify, by--
                    (A) a holder of a certificate issued under part 21, 
                121, 135, or 145 of title 14, Code of Federal 
                Regulations or a labor organization representing 
                aviation maintenance workers;
                    (B) an accredited institution of higher education 
                (as defined in section 101 of the Higher Education Act 
                of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001)) or a high school or secondary 
                school (as defined in section 7801 of the Elementary 
                and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7801); 
                and
                    (C) a State or local governmental entity.
    (d) Eligible Projects.--
            (1) For purposes of the program established under 
        subsection (a)(1), an eligible project is a project--
                    (A) to create and deliver curriculum designed to 
                provide high school students with meaningful aviation 
                education that is designed to prepare the students to 
                become aircraft pilots, aerospace engineers, or 
                unmanned aircraft systems operators; or
                    (B) to support the professional development of 
                teachers using the curriculum described in subparagraph 
                (A).
            (2) For purposes of the pilot program established under 
        subsection (a)(2), an eligible project is a project--
                    (A) to establish new educational programs that 
                teach technical skills used in aviation maintenance, 
                including purchasing equipment, or to improve existing 
                such programs;
                    (B) to establish scholarships or apprenticeships 
                for individuals pursuing employment in the aviation 
                maintenance industry;
                    (C) to support outreach about careers in the 
                aviation maintenance industry to--
                            (i) primary, secondary, and post-secondary 
                        school students; or
                            (ii) to communities underrepresented in the 
                        industry;
                    (D) to support educational opportunities related to 
                aviation maintenance in economically disadvantaged 
                geographic areas;
                    (E) to support transition to careers in aviation 
                maintenance, including for members of the Armed Forces; 
                or
                    (F) to otherwise enhance aviation maintenance 
                technical education or the aviation maintenance 
                industry workforce.
    (e) Grant Application Review.--In reviewing and selecting 
applications for grants under the programs established under subsection 
(a), the Secretary shall--
            (1) prior to selecting among competing applications, 
        consult, as appropriate, with representatives of aircraft 
        repair stations, design and production approval holders, air 
        carriers, labor organizations, business aviation, general 
        aviation, educational institutions, and other relevant aviation 
        sectors; and
            (2) ensure that the applications selected for projects 
        established under subsection (a)(1) will allow participation 
        from a diverse collection of public and private schools in 
        rural, suburban, and urban areas.

            Subtitle D--Unmanned Aircraft Systems Workforce

SEC. 631. COMMUNITY AND TECHNICAL COLLEGE CENTERS OF EXCELLENCE IN 
              SMALL UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY TRAINING.

    (a) Designation.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation, in consultation 
with the Secretary of Education and the Secretary of Labor, shall 
establish a process to designate consortia of public, 2-year 
institutions of higher education as Community and Technical College 
Centers of Excellence in Small Unmanned Aircraft System Technology 
Training (in this section referred to as the ``Centers of 
Excellence'').
    (b) Functions.--A Center of Excellence designated under subsection 
(a) shall have the capacity to train students for career opportunities 
in industry and government service related to the use of small unmanned 
aircraft systems.
    (c) Education and Training Requirements.--In order to be designated 
as a Center of Excellence under subsection (a), a consortium shall be 
able to address education and training requirements associated with 
various types of small unmanned aircraft systems, components, and 
related equipment, including with respect to--
            (1) multirotor and fixed-wing small unmanned aircraft;
            (2) flight systems, radio controllers, components, and 
        characteristics of such aircraft;
            (3) routine maintenance, uses and applications, privacy 
        concerns, safety, and insurance for such aircraft;
            (4) hands-on flight practice using small unmanned aircraft 
        systems and computer simulator training;
            (5) use of small unmanned aircraft systems in various 
        industry applications and local, State, and Federal government 
        programs and services, including in agriculture, law 
        enforcement, monitoring oil and gas pipelines, natural disaster 
        response and recovery, fire and emergency services, and other 
        emerging areas;
            (6) Federal policies concerning small unmanned aircraft;
            (7) dual credit programs to deliver small unmanned aircraft 
        training opportunities to secondary school students; or
            (8) training with respect to sensors and the processing, 
        analyzing, and visualizing of data collected by small unmanned 
        aircraft.
    (d) Collaboration.--Each Center of Excellence shall seek to 
collaborate with institutions participating in the Alliance for System 
Safety of UAS through Research Excellence of the Federal Aviation 
Administration and with the test ranges defined under section 44801 of 
title 49, United States Code, as added by this Act.
    (e) Institution of Higher Education.--In this section, the term 
``institution of higher education'' has the meaning given the term in 
section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001).

SEC. 632. COLLEGIATE TRAINING INITIATIVE PROGRAM FOR UNMANNED AIRCRAFT 
              SYSTEMS.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
Administration shall establish a collegiate training initiative program 
relating to unmanned aircraft systems by making new agreements or 
continuing existing agreements with institutions of higher education 
(as defined in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 
U.S.C. 1001)) under which the institutions prepare students for careers 
involving unmanned aircraft systems. The Administrator may establish 
standards for the entry of such institutions into the program and for 
their continued participation in the program.
    (b) Unmanned Aircraft System Defined.--In this section, the term 
``unmanned aircraft system'' has the meaning given that term by section 
44801 of title 49, United States Code, as added by this Act.

                       TITLE VII--FLIGHT R&D ACT

                     Subtitle A--General Provisions

SEC. 701. SHORT TITLE.

    This title may be cited as the ``FAA Leadership in Groundbreaking 
High-Tech Research and Development Act'' or the ``FLIGHT R&D Act''.

SEC. 702. DEFINITIONS.

    In this title, the following definitions apply:
            (1) Administrator.--The term ``Administrator'' means the 
        Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration.
            (2) FAA.--The term ``FAA'' means the Federal Aviation 
        Administration.
            (3) NASA.--The term ``NASA'' means the National Aeronautics 
        and Space Administration.
            (4) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary 
        of Transportation.

SEC. 703. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    (a) Authorizations.--Section 48102(a) of title 49, United States 
Code, is amended--
            (1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking 
        ``and, for each of fiscal years 2012 through 2015, under 
        subsection (g)'';
            (2) in paragraph (9), by striking ``and'' at the end; and
            (3) by striking paragraph (10) and inserting the following:
            ``(10) $189,000,000 for fiscal year 2018;
            ``(11) $194,000,000 for fiscal year 2019;
            ``(12) $199,000,000 for fiscal year 2020;
            ``(13) $204,000,000 for fiscal year 2021;
            ``(14) $209,000,000 for fiscal year 2022; and
            ``(15) $214,000,000 for fiscal year 2023.''.
    (b) Research Priorities.--Section 48102(b) of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``consider'' and 
        inserting ``prioritize safety in considering'';
            (2) by striking paragraph (3);
            (3) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph (3); and
            (4) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
            ``(2) As safety related activities shall be the highest 
        research priority, at least 70 percent of the amount 
        appropriated under subsection (a) of this section shall be for 
        safety research and development projects.''.
    (c) Annual Submission of the National Aviation Research Plan.--
Section 48102(g) of title 49, United States, Code, is amended to read 
as follows:
    ``(g) Annual Submission of the National Aviation Research Plan.--
The Administrator shall submit the national aviation research plan to 
Congress no later than the date of submission of the President's budget 
request to Congress for that fiscal year, as required under section 
44501(c).''.

         Subtitle B--FAA Research and Development Organization

SEC. 711. ASSISTANT ADMINISTRATOR FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.

    (a) Appointment.--Not later than 3 months after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall appoint an Assistant 
Administrator for Research and Development.
    (b) Responsibilities.--The Assistant Administrator for Research and 
Development shall, at a minimum, be responsible for--
            (1) management and oversight of all the FAA's research and 
        development programs and activities; and
            (2) production of all congressional reports from the FAA 
        relevant to research and development, including the national 
        aviation research plan required under section 44501(c) of title 
        49, United States Code.
    (c) Dual Appointment.--The Assistant Administrator for Research and 
Development may be a dual-appointment, holding the responsibilities of 
another Assistant Administrator.

SEC. 712. RESEARCH ADVISORY COMMITTEE.

    (a) Advice and Recommendations.--Section 44508(a)(1)(A) of title 
49, United States Code, is amended to read as follows:
            ``(A) provide advice and recommendations to the 
        Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration and 
        Congress about needs, objectives, plans, approaches, content, 
        and accomplishments of all aviation research and development 
        activities and programs carried out, including those under 
        sections 40119, 44504, 44505, 44507, 44511-44513, and 44912 of 
        this title;''.
    (b) Written Reply to Research Advisory Committee.--Section 44508 of 
title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
    ``(f) Written Reply.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than 60 days after receiving 
        any recommendation from the research advisory committee, the 
        Administrator shall provide a written reply to the research 
        advisory committee that, at a minimum--
                    ``(A) clearly states whether the Administrator 
                accepts or rejects the recommendation;
                    ``(B) explains the rationale for the 
                Administrator's decision;
                    ``(C) sets forth the timeframe in which the 
                Administrator will implement the recommendation; and
                    ``(D) describes the steps the Administrator will 
                take to implement the recommendation.
            ``(2) Transparency.--The written reply to the research 
        advisory committee, when transmitted to the research advisory 
        committee, shall be--
                    ``(A) made publicly available on the research 
                advisory committee website; and
                    ``(B) transmitted to the Committee on Science, 
                Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives 
                and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
                Transportation of the Senate.
            ``(3) National aviation research plan.--The national 
        aviation research plan required under section 44501(c) shall 
        include a summary of all research advisory committee 
        recommendations and a description of the status of their 
        implementation.''.

                 Subtitle C--Unmanned Aircraft Systems

SEC. 721. UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ROADMAP.

    The Secretary shall submit the unmanned aircraft systems roadmap to 
Congress on an annual basis as required under section 48802(a) of title 
49, United States Code, as added by this Act.

        Subtitle D--Cybersecurity and Responses to Other Threats

SEC. 731. CYBER TESTBED.

    Not later than 6 months after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Administrator shall develop an integrated Cyber Testbed for 
research, development, evaluation, and validation of air traffic 
control modernization technologies, before they enter the national 
airspace system, as being compliant with FAA data security regulations. 
The Cyber Testbed shall be part of an integrated research and 
development test environment capable of creating, identifying, 
defending, and solving cybersecurity-related problems for the national 
airspace system. This integrated test environment shall incorporate 
integrated test capacities within the FAA related to the national 
airspace system and NextGen.

SEC. 732. STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF EXTREME WEATHER ON AIR TRAVEL.

    (a) Study Required.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the National Oceanic and 
Atmospheric Administration and the Administrator of the Federal 
Aviation Administration shall jointly complete a study on the effect of 
extreme weather on commercial air travel.
    (b) Elements.--The study required by subsection (a) shall include 
assessment of the following:
            (1) Whether extreme weather may result in an increase in 
        turbulence.
            (2) The effect of extreme weather on current commercial air 
        routes.
            (3) The effect of extreme weather on domestic airports, air 
        traffic control facilities, and associated facilities.

          Subtitle E--FAA Research and Development Activities

SEC. 741. RESEARCH PLAN FOR THE CERTIFICATION OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES INTO 
              THE NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM.

    Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator, in consultation with NASA, shall transmit a 
comprehensive research plan for the certification of new technologies 
into the national airspace system to the Committee on Science, Space, 
and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on 
Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate. This plan shall 
identify research necessary to support the certification and 
implementation of NextGen, including both ground and air elements, and 
explain the plan's relationship to other activities and procedures 
required for certification and implementation of new technologies into 
the national airspace system. This plan shall be informed by the 
recommendations of the National Research Council report titled 
``Transformation in the Air--A Review of the FAA Research Plan'', 
issued on June 8, 2015. This plan shall include, at a minimum--
            (1) a description of the strategic and prescriptive value 
        of the research plan;
            (2) an explanation of the expected outcomes from executing 
        the plan;
            (3) an assessment of the FAA's plan to use research and 
        development to improve cybersecurity over the next 5 years;
            (4) an assessment of the current software assurance 
        practices, and the desired level or attributes to target in the 
        software assurance program; and
            (5) best practices in research and development used by 
        other organizations, such as NASA, NavCanada, and Eurocontrol.

SEC. 742. TECHNOLOGY REVIEW.

    (a) Review.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
        Administration, in coordination with the Administrator of the 
        National Aeronautics and Space Administration, shall conduct a 
        review of current and planned research on the use of advanced 
        aircraft technologies, innovative materials, alternative fuels, 
        additive manufacturing, and novel aircraft designs, to increase 
        aircraft fuel efficiency.
            (2) Summaries.--The review conducted under paragraph (1) 
        shall include summaries of projects and missions to examine--
                    (A) the effectiveness of such technologies, 
                materials, fuels, and aircraft designs to enhance fuel 
                efficiency and aerodynamic performance, and reduce 
                drag, weight, noise, and fuel consumption; and
                    (B) the potential for novel flight pattern planning 
                and communications systems to reduce aircraft taxiing 
                and airport circling.
            (3) Recommendations.--The review conducted under paragraph 
        (1) shall identify potential opportunities for additional 
        research and development, public or private, to increase 
        aircraft fuel efficiency.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration 
shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report 
containing the results of the review conducted under subsection (a).

SEC. 743. CLEEN AIRCRAFT AND ENGINE TECHNOLOGY PARTNERSHIP.

    (a) Cooperative Agreement.--Subchapter I of chapter 475 of title 
49, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 47511. CLEEN engine and airframe technology partnership
    ``(a) In General.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
Administration shall enter into a cost-sharing cooperative agreement, 
using a competitive process, with institutions, entities, or 
consortiums to carry out a program for the development, maturation, and 
testing of certifiable CLEEN aircraft, engine technologies, and jet 
fuels for civil subsonic airplanes.
    ``(b) CLEEN Engine and Airframe Technology Defined.--In this 
section, the term `CLEEN aircraft and engine technology' means 
continuous lower energy, emissions, and noise aircraft and engine 
technology.
    ``(c) Performance Objective.--The Administrator shall establish the 
performance objectives for the program in terms of the specific 
objectives to reduce fuel burn, emissions and noise.''.
    (b) Technical and Conforming Amendment.--The table of contents of 
subchapter I of chapter 475 is amended by inserting after the item 
relating to section 47510 the following:

``47511. CLEEN engine and airframe technology partnership.''.

SEC. 744. RESEARCH AND DEPLOYMENT OF CERTAIN AIRFIELD PAVEMENT 
              TECHNOLOGIES.

    Using amounts made available under section 48102(a) of title 49, 
United States Code, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
Administration may carry out a program for the research and development 
of aircraft pavement technologies under which the Administrator makes 
grants to, and enters into cooperative agreements with, institutions of 
higher education and nonprofit organizations that--
            (1) research concrete and asphalt airfield pavement 
        technologies that extend the life of airfield pavements;
            (2) develop and conduct training;
            (3) provide for demonstration projects; and
            (4) promote the latest airfield pavement technologies to 
        aid in the development of safer, more cost effective, and more 
        durable airfield pavements.

                      Subtitle F--Geospatial Data

SEC. 751. SHORT TITLE; FINDINGS.

    (a) Short Title.--This subtitle may be cited as the ``Geospatial 
Data Act of 2018''.
    (b) Findings.--Congress finds that--
            (1) open and publicly available data is essential to the 
        successful operation of the GeoPlatform;
            (2) the private sector in the United States, for the 
        purposes of acquiring and producing quality geospatial data and 
        geospatial data services, has been and continues to be 
        invaluable in carrying out the varying missions of Federal 
        departments and agencies, as well as contributing positively to 
        the United States economy; and
            (3) over the last 2 decades, Congress has passed 
        legislation that promotes greater access and use of Government 
        information and data, which has--
                    (A) sparked new, innovative start-ups and services;
                    (B) spurred economic growth in many sectors, such 
                as in the geospatial services;
                    (C) advanced scientific research;
                    (D) promoted public access to Federally funded 
                services and data; and
                    (E) improved access to geospatial data for the 
                purposes of promoting public health, weather 
                forecasting, economic development, environmental 
                protection, flood zone research, and other purposes.

SEC. 752. DEFINITIONS.

    In this subtitle--
            (1) the term ``Advisory Committee'' means the National 
        Geospatial Advisory Committee established under section 754(a);
            (2) the term ``Committee'' means the Federal Geographic 
        Data Committee established under section 753(a);
            (3) the term ``covered agency''--
                    (A) means--
                            (i) an Executive department, as defined in 
                        section 101 of title 5, United States Code, 
                        that collects, produces, acquires, maintains, 
                        distributes, uses, or preserves geospatial data 
                        on paper or in electronic form to fulfill the 
                        mission of the Executive department, either 
                        directly or through a relationship with another 
                        organization, including a State, local 
                        government, Indian tribe, institution of higher 
                        education, business partner or contractor of 
                        the Federal Government, and the public;
                            (ii) the National Aeronautics and Space 
                        Administration; or
                            (iii) the General Services Administration; 
                        and
                    (B) does not include the Department of Defense 
                (including 30 components and agencies performing 
                national missions) or any element of the intelligence 
                community;
            (4) the term ``GeoPlatform'' means the GeoPlatform 
        described in section 758(a);
            (5) the term ``geospatial data''--
                    (A) means information that is tied to a location on 
                the Earth, including by identifying the geographic 
                location and characteristics of natural or constructed 
                features and boundaries on the Earth, and that is 
                generally represented in vector datasets by points, 
                lines, polygons, or other complex geographic features 
                or phenomena;
                    (B) may be derived from, among other things, remote 
                sensing, mapping, and surveying technologies;
                    (C) includes images and raster datasets, aerial 
                photographs, and other forms of geospatial data or 
                datasets in digitized or non-digitized form; and
                    (D) does not include--
                            (i) geospatial data and activities of an 
                        Indian tribe not carried out, in whole or in 
                        part, using Federal funds, as determined by the 
                        tribal government;
                            (ii) classified national security-related 
                        geospatial data and activities of the 
                        Department of Defense, unless declassified;
                            (iii) classified national security-related 
                        geospatial data and activities of the 
                        Department of Energy, unless declassified;
                            (iv) geospatial data and activities under 
                        chapter 22 of title 10, United States Code, or 
                        section 110 of the National Security Act of 
                        1947 (50 U.S.C. 3045);
                            (v) intelligence geospatial data and 
                        activities, as determined by the Director of 
                        National Intelligence; or
                            (vi) certain declassified national 
                        security-related geospatial data and activities 
                        of the intelligence community, as determined by 
                        the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of 
                        Energy, or the Director of National 
                        Intelligence;
            (6) the term ``Indian tribe'' has the meaning given that 
        term under section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and 
        Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 450b);
            (7) the term ``institution of higher education'' has the 
        meaning given that term under section 102 of the Higher 
        Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1002);
            (8) the term ``intelligence community'' has the meaning 
        given that term in section 3 of the National Security Act of 
        1947 (50 U.S.C. 3003);
            (9) the term ``lead covered agency'' means a lead covered 
        agency for a National Geospatial Data Asset data theme 
        designated under section 756(b)(1);
            (10) the term ``local government'' means any city, county, 
        township, town, borough, parish, village, or other general 
        purpose political subdivision of a State;
            (11) the term ``metadata for geospatial data'' means 
        information about geospatial data, including the content, 
        source, vintage, accuracy, condition, projection, method of 
        collection, and other characteristics or descriptions of the 
        geospatial data;
            (12) the term ``National Geospatial Data Asset data theme'' 
        means the National Geospatial Data Asset core geospatial 
        datasets (including electronic records and coordinates) 
        relating to a topic or subject designated under section 756;
            (13) the term ``National Spatial Data Infrastructure'' 
        means the technology, policies, criteria, standards, and 
        employees necessary to promote geospatial data sharing 
        throughout the Federal Government, State, tribal, and local 
        governments, and the private sector (including nonprofit 
        organizations and institutions of higher education); and
            (14) the term ``proven practices'' means methods and 
        activities that advance the use of geospatial data for the 
        benefit of society.

SEC. 753. FEDERAL GEOGRAPHIC DATA COMMITTEE.

    (a) In General.--There is established within the Department of the 
Interior an interagency committee to be known as the Federal Geographic 
Data Committee, which shall act as the lead entity in the executive 
branch for the development, implementation, and review of policies, 
practices, and standards relating to geospatial data.
    (b) Membership.--
            (1) Chairperson and vice chairperson.--The Secretary of the 
        Interior and the Director of the Office of Management and 
        Budget shall serve as Chairperson of the Committee and Vice 
        Chairperson of the Committee, respectively.
            (2) Other members.--
                    (A) In general.--The head of each covered agency 
                and the Director of the National Geospatial-
                Intelligence Agency shall each designate a 
                representative of their respective agency to serve as a 
                member of the Committee.
                    (B) Requirement for appointments.--An officer 
                appointed to serve as a member of the Committee shall 
                hold a position as an assistant secretary, or an 
                equivalent position, or a higher ranking position.
            (3) Guidance.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, and as needed thereafter, the Director 
        of the Office of Management and Budget shall update guidance 
        with respect to membership of the Committee and the roles of 
        members of the Committee.
    (c) Duties.--The Committee shall--
            (1) lead the development and management of and operational 
        decision making for the National Spatial Data Infrastructure 
        strategic plan and geospatial data policy in accordance with 
        section 755;
            (2) designate National Geospatial Data Asset data themes 
        and oversee the coordinated management of the National 
        Geospatial Data Asset data themes in accordance with section 
        756;
            (3) establish and maintain geospatial data standards in 
        accordance with section 757;
            (4) periodically review and determine the extent to which 
        covered agencies comply with geospatial data standards;
            (5) ensure that the GeoPlatform operates in accordance with 
        section 758;
            (6) direct and facilitate national implementation of the 
        system of National Geospatial Data Asset data themes;
            (7) communicate with and foster communication among covered 
        agencies and other entities and individuals relating to 
        geospatial data technology development, transfer, and exchange 
        in order to--
                    (A) identify and meet the needs of users of 
                geospatial data;
                    (B) promote cost-effective data collection, 
                documentation, maintenance, distribution, and 
                preservation strategies; and
                    (C) leverage Federal and non-Federal resources, 
                such as promoting Federal shared services and cross-
                agency coordination for marketplace solutions;
            (8) define roles and responsibilities and promote and guide 
        cooperation and coordination among agencies of the Federal 
        Government, State, tribal, and local governments, institutions 
        of higher education, and the private sector in the collection, 
        production, sharing, and use of geospatial information, the 
        implementation of the National Spatial Data Infrastructure, and 
        the identification of proven practices;
            (9) coordinate with international organizations having an 
        interest in the National Spatial Data Infrastructure or global 
        spatial data infrastructures;
            (10) make available online and update at least annually--
                    (A) a summary of the status for each National 
                Geospatial Data Asset data theme, based on the report 
                submitted by the applicable lead covered agency under 
                section 756(b)(3)(E)(ii)(I), which shall include--
                            (i) an evaluation of the progress of each 
                        lead covered agency in achieving the 
                        requirements under subparagraphs (A), (B), (C), 
                        and (D) of section 756(b)(3); and
                            (ii) a determination of whether, for each 
                        of subparagraphs (A), (B), (C), and (D) of 
                        section 756(b)(3), each lead covered agency 
                        meets expectations, has made progress toward 
                        expectations, or fails to meet expectations;
                    (B) a summary and evaluation of the achievements of 
                each covered agency, based on the annual report 
                submitted by the covered agency under section 
                759(b)(1), which shall include a determination of 
                whether the covered agency meets expectations, has made 
                progress toward expectations, or fails to meet 
                expectations for each of paragraphs (1) through (13) of 
                section 759(a);
                    (C) a collection of periodic technical 
                publications, management articles, and reports related 
                to the National Spatial Data Infrastructure; and
                    (D) a membership directory for the Committee, 
                including identifying members of any subcommittee or 
                working group of the Committee;
            (11)(A) make available to and request comments from the 
        Advisory Committee regarding the summaries and evaluations 
        required under subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (10);
            (B) if requested by the Advisory Committee, respond to any 
        comments by the Advisory Committee; and
            (C) not less than once every 2 years, submit to Congress a 
        report that includes the summaries and evaluations required 
        under subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (10), the comments 
        of the Advisory Committee, and the responses of the Committee 
        to the comments;
            (12)(A) make available to and request comments from covered 
        agencies regarding the summaries and evaluations required under 
        subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (10); and
            (B) not less than once every 2 years, submit to Congress a 
        report that includes the comments of the covered agencies and 
        the responses of the Committee to the comments; and
            (13) support and promote the infrastructure of networks, 
        systems, services, and standards that provide a digital 
        representation of the Earth to users for many applications.
    (d) Staff Support.--The Committee shall establish an Office of the 
Secretariat within the Department of the Interior to provide 
administrative support, strategic planning, funding, and technical 
support to the Committee.

SEC. 754. NATIONAL GEOSPATIAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE.

    (a) Establishment.--The Secretary of the Interior shall establish 
within the Department of the Interior the National Geospatial Advisory 
Committee to provide advice and recommendations to the Chairperson of 
the Committee.
    (b) Membership.--
            (1) Composition.--The Advisory Committee shall be composed 
        of not more than 30 members, at least one of which will be from 
        the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, who shall--
                    (A) be appointed by the Chairperson of the 
                Committee;
                    (B) be selected--
                            (i) to generally achieve a balanced 
                        representation of the viewpoints of various 
                        interested parties involved in national 
                        geospatial activities and the development of 
                        the National Spatial Data Infrastructure; and
                            (ii) with consideration of a geographic 
                        balance of residence of the members; and
                    (C) be selected from among groups involved in the 
                geospatial community, including--
                            (i) States;
                            (ii) local governments;
                            (iii) regional governments;
                            (iv) tribal governments;
                            (v) private sector entities;
                            (vi) geospatial information user 
                        industries;
                            (vii) professional associations;
                            (viii) scholarly associations;
                            (ix) nonprofit organizations;
                            (x) academia;
                            (xi) licensed geospatial data acquisition 
                        professionals; and
                            (xii) the Federal Government.
            (2) Chairperson.--The Chairperson of the Committee shall 
        appoint the Chairperson of the Advisory Committee.
            (3) Period of appointment; vacancies.--
                    (A) In general.--Members shall be appointed for a 
                term of 3 years, with the term of \1/3\ of the members 
                expiring each year.
                    (B) Vacancies.--Any vacancy in the Advisory 
                Committee shall not affect its powers, but shall be 
                filled in the same manner as the original appointment.
            (4) Limit on terms.--Except for the member from the 
        National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, an individual--
                    (A) may not be appointed to more than 2 consecutive 
                terms as a member of the Advisory Committee; and
                    (B) after serving for 2 consecutive terms, is 
                eligible to be appointed as a member of the Advisory 
                Committee on and after the date that is 2 years after 
                the end of the second consecutive term of the 
                individual as a member of the Advisory Committee.
            (5) Ethical requirements.--A member of the Advisory 
        Committee may not participate in any specific-party matter 
        (including a lease, license, permit, contract, claim, 
        agreement, or related litigation) with the Department of the 
        Interior in which the member has a direct financial interest.
            (6) Incumbents.--
                    (A) In general.--An individual serving on the day 
                before the date of enactment of this Act as a member of 
                the National Geospatial Advisory Committee established 
                by the Secretary of the Interior may serve as a member 
                of the Advisory Committee until the end of the term of 
                the individual under the appointment.
                    (B) Limit on terms.--Any period of service as a 
                member of the National Geospatial Advisory Committee 
                established by the Secretary of the Interior shall be 
                considered a period of service as a member of the 
                Advisory Committee for purposes of paragraph (4).
    (c) Subcommittees.--A subcommittee of the Advisory Committee--
            (1) may be formed for the purposes of compiling information 
        or conducting research;
            (2) shall be composed of members appointed by the 
        Chairperson of the Advisory Committee;
            (3) shall act under the direction of the Chairperson of the 
        Advisory Committee and the officer or employee designated under 
        section 10(e) of the Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. 
        App.) with respect to the Advisory Committee;
            (4) shall report the recommendations of the subcommittee to 
        the Advisory Committee for consideration; and
            (5) shall meet as necessary to accomplish the objectives of 
        the subcommittee, subject to the approval of the Chairperson of 
        the Advisory Committee and the availability of resources.
    (d) Meetings.--
            (1) In general.--The Advisory Committee shall meet at the 
        call of the Chairperson, not less than 1 time each year and not 
        more than 4 times each year.
            (2) Quorum.--A majority of the members of the Advisory 
        Committee shall constitute a quorum, but a lesser number of 
        members may hold meetings or hearings.
    (e) Duties of the Advisory Committee.--The Advisory Committee 
shall--
            (1) provide advice and recommendations relating to--
                    (A) the management of Federal and national 
                geospatial programs;
                    (B) the development of the National Spatial Data 
                Infrastructure; and
                    (C) implementation of this subtitle;
            (2) review and comment on geospatial policy and management 
        issues; and
            (3) ensure the views of representatives of non-Federal 
        interested parties involved in national geospatial activities 
        are conveyed to the Committee.
    (f) Powers of the Advisory Committee.--
            (1) Meetings.--The Advisory Committee may hold meetings 
        (which shall be open to the public) and sit and act at such 
        times and places as the Advisory Committee considers advisable 
        to carry out this subtitle.
            (2) Information from covered agencies.--
                    (A) In general.--The Advisory Committee, with the 
                concurrence of the Chairperson of the Committee, may 
                secure directly from any covered agency such 
                information as the Advisory Committee considers 
                necessary to carry out this subtitle. Upon request of 
                the Chairperson of the Advisory Committee, the head of 
                such agency shall furnish such information to the 
                Advisory Committee.
                    (B) Noncooperation.--The Advisory Committee shall 
                include in the comments of the Advisory Committee 
                submitted under section 753(c)(11) a discussion of any 
                failure by a covered agency to furnish information in 
                response to a request under subparagraph (A) of this 
                paragraph.
            (3) Postal services.--The Advisory Committee may use the 
        United States mails in the same manner and under the same 
        conditions as other agencies of the Federal Government.
    (g) Advisory Committee Personnel Matters.--
            (1) No compensation of members.--
                    (A) Non-federal employees.--A member of the 
                Advisory Committee who is not an officer or employee of 
                the Federal Government shall serve without 
                compensation.
                    (B) Federal employees.--A member of the Advisory 
                Committee who is an officer or employee of the Federal 
                Government shall serve without compensation in addition 
                to the compensation received for the services of the 
                member as an officer or employee of the Federal 
                Government.
            (2) Travel expenses.--The members of the Advisory Committee 
        shall be allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of 
        subsistence, at rates authorized for employees of agencies 
        under subchapter I of chapter 57 of title 5, United States 
        Code, while away from their homes or regular places of business 
        in the performance of services for the Advisory Committee.
            (3) Detail of government employees.--Any Federal Government 
        employee may be detailed to the Committee to support the 
        Advisory Committee without reimbursement, and such detail shall 
        be without interruption or loss of civil service status or 
        privilege.
            (4) Staff support.--The Office of the Secretariat 
        established by the Committee under section 753(d) shall provide 
        administrative support to the Advisory Committee.
    (h) Applicability of FACA.--
            (1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), the 
        Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.) shall apply to 
        the Advisory Committee.
            (2) No termination.--Section 14(a)(2) of the Federal 
        Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.) shall not apply to the 
        Advisory Committee.
    (i) Termination.--
            (1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), the 
        Advisory Committee shall terminate 10 years after the date of 
        enactment of this Act.
            (2) Continuation.--The Advisory Committee may be continued 
        for successive 10-year periods by action taken by the Secretary 
        of the Interior to renew the Advisory Committee before the date 
        on which the Advisory Committee would otherwise terminate.

SEC. 755. NATIONAL SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE.

    (a) In General.--The National Spatial Data Infrastructure shall 
ensure that geospatial data from multiple sources (including the 
covered agencies, State, local, and tribal governments, the private 
sector, and institutions of higher education) is available and easily 
integrated to enhance the understanding of the physical and cultural 
world.
    (b) Goals.--The goals of the National Spatial Data Infrastructure 
are to--
            (1) ensure--
                    (A) that geospatial data are reviewed prior to 
                disclosure to ensure--
                            (i) compliance with section 552a of title 5 
                        (commonly known as the ``Privacy Act of 
                        1974''); and
                            (ii) that personally identifiable 
                        information is not disclosed, which shall 
                        include an assessment of re-identification risk 
                        when determining what data constitute 
                        personally identifiable information;
                    (B) that geospatial data are designed to enhance 
                the accuracy of statistical information, both in raw 
                form and in derived information products;
                    (C) free and open access for the public to 
                geospatial data, information, and interpretive 
                products, in accordance with Office of Management and 
                Budget Circular A-130, or any successor thereto;
                    (D) the protection of proprietary interests related 
                to licensed information and data; and
                    (E) the interoperability and sharing capabilities 
                of Federal information systems and data to enable the 
                drawing of resources from covered agencies and partners 
                of covered agencies; and
            (2) support and advance the establishment of a Global 
        Spatial Data Infrastructure, consistent with national security, 
        national defense, national intelligence, and international 
        trade requirements, including ensuring that covered agencies 
        develop international geospatial data in accordance with 
        international voluntary consensus standards, as defined in 
        Office of Management and Budget Circular A-119, or any 
        successor thereto.
    (c) Strategic Plan.--The Committee shall prepare and maintain a 
strategic plan for the development and implementation of the National 
Spatial Data Infrastructure in a manner consistent with national 
security, national defense, and emergency preparedness program policies 
regarding data accessibility.
    (d) Advisory Role.--The Committee shall advise Federal and non-
Federal users of geospatial data on their responsibilities relating to 
implementation of the National Spatial Data Infrastructure.

SEC. 756. NATIONAL GEOSPATIAL DATA ASSET DATA THEMES.

    (a) In General.--The Committee shall designate as National 
Geospatial Data Asset data themes the primary topics and subjects for 
which the coordinated development, maintenance, and dissemination of 
geospatial data will benefit the Federal Government and the interests 
of the people of the United States, which shall--
            (1) be representations of conceptual topics describing 
        digital spatial information for the Nation; and
            (2) contain associated datasets (with attribute records and 
        coordinates)--
                    (A) that are documented, verifiable, and officially 
                designated to meet recognized standards;
                    (B) that may be used in common; and
                    (C) from which other datasets may be derived.
    (b) Lead Covered Agencies.--
            (1) In general.--For each National Geospatial Data Asset 
        data theme, the Committee shall designate one or more covered 
        agencies as the lead covered agencies for the National 
        Geospatial Data Asset data theme.
            (2) General responsibility.--The lead covered agencies for 
        a National Geospatial Data Asset data theme shall be 
        responsible for ensuring the coordinated management of the 
        data, supporting resources (including technology and 
        personnel), and related services and products of the National 
        Geospatial Data Asset data theme.
            (3) Specific responsibilities.--To assist in fulfilling the 
        responsibilities under paragraph (2) with respect to a National 
        Geospatial Data Asset data theme, the lead covered agencies 
        shall--
                    (A) provide leadership and facilitate the 
                development and implementation of geospatial data 
                standards for the National Geospatial Data Asset data 
                theme, with a particular emphasis on a data content 
                standard for the National Geospatial Data Asset data 
                theme, including by--
                            (i) assessing existing standards;
                            (ii) identifying anticipated or needed data 
                        standards; and
                            (iii) developing a plan to originate and 
                        implement needed standards with relevant 
                        community and international practices--
                                    (I) in accordance with Office of 
                                Management and Budget Circular A-119, 
                                or any successor thereto; and
                                    (II) consistent with or as a part 
                                of the plan described in subparagraph 
                                (B);
                    (B) provide leadership and facilitate the 
                development and implementation of a plan for nationwide 
                population of the National Geospatial Data Asset data 
                theme, which shall--
                            (i) include developing partnership programs 
                        with States, Indian tribes, institutions of 
                        higher education, private sector entities, 
                        other Federal agencies, and local governments;
                            (ii) meet the needs of users of geospatial 
                        data;
                            (iii) address human and financial resource 
                        needs;
                            (iv) identify needs relating to standards, 
                        metadata for geospatial data within the 
                        National Geospatial Data Asset data theme, and 
                        the GeoPlatform; and
                            (v) expedite the development of necessary 
                        National Geospatial Data Asset data themes;
                    (C) establish goals that support the strategic plan 
                for the National Spatial Data Infrastructure prepared 
                under section 755(c);
                    (D) as necessary, collect and analyze information 
                from users of geospatial data within the National 
                Geospatial Data Asset data theme regarding the needs of 
                the users for geospatial data and incorporate the needs 
                of users in strategies relating to the National 
                Geospatial Data Asset data theme; and
                    (E) as part of administering the National 
                Geospatial Data Asset data theme--
                            (i) designate a point of contact within the 
                        lead covered agency who shall be responsible 
                        for developing, maintaining, coordination 
                        relating to, and disseminating data using the 
                        GeoPlatform;
                            (ii) submit to the Committee--
                                    (I) a performance report, at least 
                                annually, that documents the activities 
                                relating to and implementation of the 
                                National Geospatial Data Asset data 
                                theme, including progress in achieving 
                                the requirements under subparagraphs 
                                (A), (B), (C), and (D); and
                                    (II) comments, as appropriate, 
                                regarding the summary and evaluation of 
                                the performance report provided by the 
                                Committee under section 753(c)(12);
                            (iii) publish maps or comparable graphics 
                        online (in accordance with the mapping 
                        conventions specified by the Committee) showing 
                        the extent and status of the National 
                        Geospatial Data Asset data themes for which the 
                        covered agency is a lead covered agency;
                            (iv) encourage individuals and entities 
                        that are a source of geospatial data or 
                        metadata for geospatial data for the National 
                        Geospatial Data Asset data theme to provide 
                        access to such data through the GeoPlatform;
                            (v) coordinate with the GeoPlatform; and
                            (vi) identify and publish proven practices 
                        for the use and application of geospatial data 
                        of the lead covered agency.

SEC. 757. GEOSPATIAL DATA STANDARDS.

    (a) In General.--In accordance with section 216 of the E-Government 
Act of 2002 (44 U.S.C. 3501 note), the Committee shall establish 
standards for each National Geospatial Data Asset data theme, which--
            (1) shall include--
                    (A) rules, conditions, guidelines, and 
                characteristics for the geospatial data within the 
                National Geospatial Data Asset data theme and related 
                processes, technology, and organization; and
                    (B) content standards for metadata for geospatial 
                data within the National Geospatial Data Asset data 
                theme;
            (2) to the maximum extent practicable, shall be consistent 
        with international standards and protocols;
            (3) shall include universal data standards that shall be 
        acceptable for the purposes of declassified intelligence 
        community data; and
            (4) the Committee shall periodically review and update as 
        necessary for the standards to remain current, relevant, and 
        effective.
    (b) Development of Standards.--The Committee shall--
            (1) develop and promulgate standards under this section--
                    (A) in accordance with Office of Management and 
                Budget Circular A-119, or any successor thereto; and
                    (B) after consultation with a broad range of data 
                users and providers;
            (2) to the maximum extent possible, use national and 
        international standards adopted by voluntary standards 
        consensus bodies; and
            (3) establish new standards only to the extent standards 
        described in paragraph (2) do not exist.
    (c) Exclusion.--The Secretary of the Interior shall withhold from 
public disclosure any information the disclosure of which reasonably 
could be expected to cause damage to the national interest, security, 
or defense of the United States, including information relating to 
geospatial intelligence data activities, as determined in consultation 
with the Director of National Intelligence.

SEC. 758. GEOPLATFORM.

    (a) In General.--The Committee shall operate an electronic service 
that provides access to geospatial data and metadata for geospatial 
data to the general public, to be known as the GeoPlatform.
    (b) Implementation.--
            (1) In general.--The GeoPlatform--
                    (A) shall--
                            (i) be available through the internet and 
                        other communications means;
                            (ii) be accessible through a common 
                        interface;
                            (iii) include metadata for all geospatial 
                        data collected by covered agencies, directly or 
                        indirectly;
                            (iv) include download access to all open 
                        geospatial data directly or indirectly 
                        collected by covered agencies; and
                            (v) include a set of programming 
                        instructions and standards providing an 
                        automated means of accessing available 
                        geospatial data, which--
                                    (I) harmonize sources and data 
                                standards associated with geospatial 
                                data, including metadata; and
                                    (II) to the maximum extent 
                                practicable, as determined by the 
                                Chairperson of the Committee, shall be 
                                made publicly available;
                    (B) may include geospatial data from a source other 
                than a covered agency, if determined appropriate by the 
                Committee; and
                    (C) shall not store or serve proprietary 
                information or data acquired under a license by the 
                Federal Government, unless authorized by the data 
                provider.
            (2) Managing partner.--The Chairperson of the Committee 
        shall designate an agency to serve as the managing partner for 
        developing and operating the GeoPlatform, taking direction from 
        the Committee on the scope, functionality, and performance of 
        the GeoPlatform.
    (c) Clarification.--Although the GeoPlatform is intended to include 
all National Geospatial Data Asset and other Federal datasets, nothing 
in this subtitle shall be construed to prevent a covered agency from 
also presenting, providing, or disseminating data that is--
            (1) specific to the functions of the covered agency; or
            (2) targeted to information consumers that directly 
        interface with the services, portals, or other mechanisms of 
        the covered agency.

SEC. 759. COVERED AGENCY RESPONSIBILITIES.

    (a) In General.--Each covered agency shall--
            (1) prepare, maintain, publish, and implement a strategy 
        for advancing geographic information and related geospatial 
        data and activities appropriate to the mission of the covered 
        agency, in support of the strategic plan for the National 
        Spatial Data Infrastructure prepared under section 755(c);
            (2) collect, maintain, disseminate, and preserve geospatial 
        data such that the resulting data, information, or products can 
        be readily shared with other Federal agencies and non-Federal 
        users;
            (3) promote the integration of geospatial data from all 
        sources;
            (4) ensure that data information products and other records 
        created in geospatial data and activities are included on 
        agency record schedules that have been approved by the National 
        Archives and Records Administration;
            (5) allocate resources to fulfill the responsibilities of 
        effective geospatial data collection, production, and 
        stewardship with regard to related activities of the covered 
        agency, and as necessary to support the activities of the 
        Committee;
            (6) use the geospatial data standards, including the 
        standards for metadata for geospatial data, and other 
        appropriate standards, including documenting geospatial data 
        with the relevant metadata and making metadata available 
        through the GeoPlatform;
            (7) coordinate and work in partnership with other Federal 
        agencies, agencies of State, tribal, and local governments, 
        institutions of higher education, and the private sector to 
        efficiently and cost-effectively collect, integrate, maintain, 
        disseminate, and preserve geospatial data, building upon 
        existing non-Federal geospatial data to the extent possible;
            (8) use geospatial information to--
                    (A) make Federal geospatial information and 
                services more useful to the public;
                    (B) enhance operations;
                    (C) support decision making; and
                    (D) enhance reporting to the public and to 
                Congress;
            (9) protect personal privacy and maintain confidentiality 
        in accordance with Federal policy and law;
            (10) participate in determining, when applicable, whether 
        declassified data can contribute to and become a part of the 
        National Spatial Data Infrastructure;
            (11) search all sources, including the GeoPlatform, to 
        determine if existing Federal, State, local, or private 
        geospatial data meets the needs of the covered agency before 
        expending funds for geospatial data collection;
            (12) to the maximum extent practicable, ensure that a 
        person receiving Federal funds for geospatial data collection 
        provides high-quality data; and
            (13) appoint a contact to coordinate with the lead covered 
        agencies for collection, acquisition, maintenance, and 
        dissemination of the National Geospatial Data Asset data themes 
        used by the covered agency.
    (b) Reporting.--
            (1) In general.--Each covered agency shall submit to the 
        Committee an annual report regarding the achievements of the 
        covered agency in preparing and implementing the strategy 
        described in subsection (a)(1) and complying with the other 
        requirements under subsection (a).
            (2) Budget submission.--Each covered agency shall--
                    (A) include geospatial data in preparing the budget 
                submission of the covered agency to the President under 
                sections 1105(a) and 1108 of title 31, United States 
                Code;
                    (B) maintain an inventory of all geospatial data 
                assets in accordance with OMB Circular A-130, or any 
                successor thereto; and
                    (C) prepare an annual report to Congress 
                identifying Federal-wide geospatial data assets, as 
                defined in OMB Circular A-16, as set forth in OMB memo 
                M-11-03, Issuance of OMB Circular A-16 Supplemental 
                Guidance (November 10, 2010), or any successor thereto.
            (3) Disclosure.--Each covered agency shall disclose each 
        contract, cooperative agreement, grant, or other transaction 
        that deals with geospatial data, which may include posting 
        information relating to the contract, cooperative agreement, 
        grant, or other transaction on www.USAspending.gov and 
        www.itdashboard.gov, or any successors thereto.
            (4) OMB review.--In reviewing the annual budget 
        justifications submitted by covered agencies, the Office of 
        Management and Budget shall take into consideration the summary 
        and evaluations required under subparagraphs (A) and (B) of 
        section 753(c)(10), comments, and replies to comments as 
        required under paragraphs (11) and (12) of section 753(c), in 
        its annual evaluation of the budget justification of each 
        covered agency.
            (5) Reporting.--The Office of Management and Budget shall 
        include a discussion of the summaries and evaluation of the 
        progress in establishing the National Spatial Data 
        Infrastructure in each E-Government status report submitted 
        under section 3606 of title 44, United States Code.
    (c) Audits.--Not less than once every 2 years, the inspector 
general of a covered agency (or senior ethics official of the covered 
agency for a covered agency without an inspector general) shall submit 
to Congress an audit of the collection, production, acquisition, 
maintenance, distribution, use, and preservation of geospatial data by 
the covered agency, which shall include a review of--
            (1) the compliance of the covered agency with the standards 
        for geospatial data, including metadata for geospatial data, 
        established under section 757;
            (2) the compliance of the covered agency with the 
        requirements under subsection (a); and
            (3) the compliance of the covered agency on the limitation 
        on the use of Federal funds under section 759A.

SEC. 759A. LIMITATION ON USE OF FEDERAL FUNDS.

    (a) Definition.--In this section, the term ``implementation date'' 
means the date that is 5 years after the date on which standards for 
each National Geospatial Data Asset data theme are established under 
section 757.
    (b) Limitation.--Except as provided otherwise in this section, on 
and after the implementation date, a covered agency may not use Federal 
funds for the collection, production, acquisition, maintenance, or 
dissemination of geospatial data that does not comply with the 
applicable standards established under section 757, as determined by 
the Committee.
    (c) Exception for Existing Geospatial Data.--On and after the 
implementation date, a covered agency may use Federal funds to maintain 
and disseminate geospatial data that does not comply with the 
applicable standards established under section 757 if the geospatial 
data was collected, produced, or acquired by the covered agency before 
the implementation date.
    (d) Waiver.--
            (1) In general.--The Chairperson of the Committee may grant 
        a waiver of the limitation under subsection (b), upon a request 
        from a covered agency submitted in accordance with paragraph 
        (2).
            (2) Requirements.--A request for a waiver under paragraph 
        (1) shall--
                    (A) be submitted not later than 30 days before the 
                implementation date;
                    (B) provide a detailed explanation of the reasons 
                for seeking a waiver;
                    (C) provide a detailed plan to achieve compliance 
                with the applicable standards established under section 
                757; and
                    (D) provide the date by which the covered agency 
                shall achieve compliance with the applicable standards 
                established under section 757.
    (e) Best Efforts to Comply During Transition.--During the period 
beginning on the date on which standards for a National Geospatial Data 
Asset data theme are established under section 757 and ending on the 
implementation date, each covered agency, to the maximum extent 
practicable, shall collect, produce, acquire, maintain, and disseminate 
geospatial data within the National Geospatial Data Asset data theme in 
accordance with the standards.

SEC. 759B. SAVINGS PROVISION.

    Nothing in this subtitle shall repeal, amend, or supersede any 
existing law unless specifically provided in this subtitle.

SEC. 759C. PRIVATE SECTOR.

    The Committee and each covered agency may, to the maximum extent 
practical, rely upon and use the private sector in the United States 
for the provision of geospatial data and services.

                       Subtitle G--Miscellaneous

SEC. 761. NEXTGEN RESEARCH.

    Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and 
Technology and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of 
the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, 
and Transportation of the Senate a report specifying the top 5 priority 
research areas for the implementation and advancement of NextGen, 
including--
            (1) an assessment of why the research areas are a priority 
        for the implementation and advancement of NextGen;
            (2) an identification of the other Federal agencies and 
        private organizations assisting the Administration with the 
        research; and
            (3) an estimate of when the research will be completed.

SEC. 762. ADVANCED MATERIALS CENTER OF EXCELLENCE.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 445 of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 44518. Advanced Materials Center of Excellence
    ``(a) In General.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
Administration shall continue operation of the Advanced Materials 
Center of Excellence (referred to in this section as the `Center') 
under its structure as in effect on March 1, 2016, which shall focus on 
applied research and training on the durability and maintainability of 
advanced materials in transport airframe structures.
    ``(b) Responsibilities.--The Center shall--
            ``(1) promote and facilitate collaboration among academia, 
        the Transportation Division of the Federal Aviation 
        Administration, and the commercial aircraft industry, including 
        manufacturers, commercial air carriers, and suppliers; and
            ``(2) establish goals set to advance technology, improve 
        engineering practices, and facilitate continuing education in 
        relevant areas of study.''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for chapter 445 of 
title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the 
following:

``44518. Advanced Materials Center of Excellence.''.

                TITLE VIII--AVIATION REVENUE PROVISIONS

SEC. 801. EXPENDITURE AUTHORITY FROM AIRPORT AND AIRWAY TRUST FUND.

    (a) In General.--Section 9502(d)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code of 
1986 is amended--
            (1) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A) by striking 
        ``October 1, 2018'' and inserting ``October 1, 2023''; and
            (2) in subparagraph (A) by striking the semicolon at the 
        end and inserting ``or the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018;''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--Section 9502(e)(2) of such Code is 
amended by striking ``October 1, 2018'' and inserting ``October 1, 
2023''.

SEC. 802. EXTENSION OF TAXES FUNDING AIRPORT AND AIRWAY TRUST FUND.

    (a) Fuel Taxes.--Section 4081(d)(2)(B) of the Internal Revenue Code 
of 1986 is amended by striking ``September 30, 2018'' and inserting 
``September 30, 2023''.
    (b) Ticket Taxes.--
            (1) Persons.--Section 4261(k)(1)(A)(ii) of such Code is 
        amended by striking ``September 30, 2018'' and inserting 
        ``September 30, 2023''.
            (2) Property.--Section 4271(d)(1)(A)(ii) of such Code is 
        amended by striking ``September 30, 2018'' and inserting 
        ``September 30, 2023''.
    (c) Fractional Ownership Programs.--
            (1) Fuel tax.--Section 4043(d) of such Code is amended by 
        striking ``September 30, 2021'' and inserting ``September 30, 
        2023''.
            (2) Treatment as noncommercial aviation.--Section 4083(b) 
        of such Code is amended by striking ``October 1, 2018'' and 
        inserting ``October 1, 2023''.
            (3) Exemption from ticket taxes.--Section 4261(j) of such 
        Code is amended by striking ``September 30, 2018'' and 
        inserting ``September 30, 2023''.

DIVISION C--NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SAFETY BOARD REAUTHORIZATION ACT OF 
                                  2018

SEC. 1101. SHORT TITLE.

    This division may be cited as the ``National Transportation Safety 
Board Reauthorization Act''.

SEC. 1102. DEFINITIONS.

    In this division, the following definitions apply:
            (1) Board.--The term ``Board'' means the National 
        Transportation Safety Board.
            (2) Chairman.--The term ``Chairman'' means the Chairman of 
        the National Transportation Safety Board.
            (3) Most wanted list.--The term ``Most Wanted List'' means 
        the Board publication entitled ``Most Wanted List''.

SEC. 1103. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    Section 1118(a) of title 49, United States Code, is amended to read 
as follows:
    ``(a) In General.--There are authorized to be appropriated for the 
purposes of this chapter $111,400,000 for fiscal year 2019, 
$112,400,000 for fiscal year 2020, $113,400,000 for fiscal year 2021, 
and $114,400,000 for fiscal year 2022. Such sums shall remain available 
until expended.''.

SEC. 1104. STILL IMAGES.

    (a) Still Images, Voice Recorders, and Video Recorders.--
            (1) Cockpit recordings and transcripts.--Section 1114(c) of 
        title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                    (A) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph 
                (3);
                    (B) in paragraph (3), as so redesignated, by 
                inserting ``References to information in making safety 
                recommendations.--'' before ``This''; and
                    (C) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) in the first sentence, by striking 
                        ``The Board'' and inserting ``Confidentiality 
                        of recordings.--Except as provided in paragraph 
                        (2), the Board''; and
                            (ii) by amending the second sentence to 
                        read as follows:
            ``(2) Exception.--Subject to subsections (b) and (g), the 
        Board shall make public any part of a transcript, any written 
        depiction of visual information obtained from a video recorder, 
        or any still image obtained from a video recorder the Board 
        decides is relevant to the accident or incident--
                    ``(A) if the Board holds a public hearing on the 
                accident or incident, at the time of the hearing; or
                    ``(B) if the Board does not hold a public hearing, 
                at the time a majority of the other factual reports on 
                the accident or incident are placed in the public 
                docket.''.
            (2) Surface vehicle recordings and transcripts.--Section 
        1114(d) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                    (A) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph 
                (3); and
                    (B) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) in the first sentence, by striking 
                        ``The Board'' and inserting ``Except as 
                        provided in paragraph (2), the Board''; and
                            (ii) by amending the second sentence to 
                        read as follows:
            ``(2) Exception.--Subject to subsections (b) and (g), the 
        Board shall make public any part of a transcript, any written 
        depiction of visual information obtained from a video recorder, 
        or any still image obtained from a video recorder the Board 
        decides is relevant to the accident--
                    ``(A) if the Board holds a public hearing on the 
                accident, at the time of the hearing; or
                    ``(B) if the Board does not hold a public hearing, 
                at the time a majority of the other factual reports on 
                the accident are placed in the public docket.''.
            (3) Privacy protections.--Section 1114 of title 49, United 
        States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(g) Privacy Protections.--Before making public any still image 
obtained from a video recorder under subsection (c)(2) or subsection 
(d)(2), the Board shall take such action as appropriate to protect from 
public disclosure any information that readily identifies an 
individual, including a decedent.''.
    (b) Cockpit and Surface Vehicle Recordings and Transcripts.--
Section 1154(a) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in the heading, by striking ``Transcripts and 
        Recordings'' and inserting ``In General'';
            (2) in paragraph (1)--
                    (A) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) and (B) as 
                subparagraphs (B) and (C), respectively; and
                    (B) by inserting before subparagraph (B), as so 
                redesignated, the following:
                    ``(A) any still image that the National 
                Transportation Safety Board has not made available to 
                the public under section 1114(c) or 1114(d) of this 
                title;'';
            (3) in paragraph (3)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by 
                striking ``recorder recording'' and inserting 
                ``recorder recording, including with regard to a video 
                recording any still image that the National 
                Transportation Safety Board has not made available to 
                the public under section 1114(c) or 1114(d) of this 
                title,''; and
                    (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``recorder 
                recording'' and inserting ``recorder recording, 
                including with regard to a video recording any still 
                image that the National Transportation Safety Board has 
                not made available to the public under section 1114(c) 
                or 1114(d) of this title,'';
            (4) in paragraph (4)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A)--
                            (i) by inserting ``a still image or'' 
                        before ``a part of a cockpit''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``the part of the 
                        transcript or the recording'' each place it 
                        appears and inserting ``the still image, the 
                        part of the transcript, or the recording'';
                    (B) in subparagraph (B)--
                            (i) by inserting ``a still image or'' 
                        before ``a part of a cockpit''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``the part of the 
                        transcript or the recording'' each place it 
                        appears and inserting ``the still image, the 
                        part of the transcript, or the recording''; and
            (5) in paragraph (6)--
                    (A) by redesignating subparagraph (B) as 
                subparagraph (C); and
                    (B) by inserting after subparagraph (A) the 
                following:
            ``(B) Still image.--The term `still image' means any still 
        image obtained from a video recorder.''.

SEC. 1105. ELECTRONIC RECORDS.

    Section 1134(a)(2) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by 
inserting ``including an electronic record,'' after ``record,''.

SEC. 1106. REPORT ON MOST WANTED LIST METHODOLOGY.

    (a) In General.--Not later than the date on which the first Most 
Wanted List to be published after the date of enactment of this Act is 
published, the Chairman shall publish on a publicly available website 
of the Board and submit to appropriate committees of Congress a report 
on the methodology used to prioritize and select recommendations to be 
included by the Board in the Most Wanted List.
    (b) Elements.--The report under subsection (a) shall include--
            (1) a detailed description of how the Board accounts for 
        the risk to safety addressed in each of its recommendations, 
        including the extent to which the Board considers--
                    (A) the types of data and other information, 
                including studies and reports, used to identify the 
                amount and probability of risk to safety;
                    (B) the reduction of the risk to safety, estimated 
                over a period of time, by implementing each 
                recommendation;
                    (C) the practicality and feasibility of achieving 
                the reduction of the risk to safety described in 
                subparagraph (B); and
                    (D) any alternate means of reducing the risk;
            (2) a detailed description of the extent to which the Board 
        considers any prior, related investigation, safety 
        recommendation, or other safety action when prioritizing and 
        selecting recommendations; and
            (3) a description of the extent of coordination and 
        consultation when prioritizing and selecting the 
        recommendations.
    (c) GAO Report.--Not later than 15 months after the date that the 
methodology report is published under subsection (a), the Comptroller 
General of the United States shall submit to the appropriate committees 
of Congress a report examining the methodology used by the Board to 
prioritize and select safety recommendations for inclusion in the Most 
Wanted List.

SEC. 1107. METHODOLOGY.

    (a) Redesignation.--Section 1116 of title 49, United States Code, 
is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(c) Annual Report.--The National Transportation Safety Board 
shall submit a report to Congress on July 1 of each year. The report 
shall include--
            ``(1) a statistical and analytical summary of the 
        transportation accident investigations conducted and reviewed 
        by the Board during the prior calendar year;
            ``(2) a survey and summary of the recommendations made by 
        the Board to reduce the likelihood of recurrence of those 
        accidents together with the observed response to each 
        recommendation;
            ``(3) a detailed appraisal of the accident investigation 
        and accident prevention activities of other departments, 
        agencies, and instrumentalities of the United States Government 
        and State and local governmental authorities having 
        responsibility for those activities under a law of the United 
        States or a State;
            ``(4) a description of the activities and operations of the 
        National Transportation Safety Board Training Center during the 
        prior calendar year;
            ``(5) a list of accidents, during the prior calendar year, 
        that the Board was required to investigate under section 1131 
        but did not investigate and an explanation of why they were not 
        investigated; and
            ``(6) a list of ongoing investigations that have exceeded 
        the expected time allotted for completion by Board order and an 
        explanation for the additional time required to complete each 
        such investigation.''.
    (b) Methodology.--
            (1) In general.--Section 1117 of title 49, United States 
        Code, is amended to read as follows:
``Sec. 1117. Methodology
    ``(a) In General.--Not later than 2 years after the date of 
enactment of the National Transportation Safety Board Reauthorization 
Act, the Chairman shall include with each investigative report in which 
a recommendation is issued by the Board a methodology section detailing 
the process and information underlying the selection of each 
recommendation.
    ``(b) Elements.--Except as provided in subsection (c), the 
methodology section under subsection (a) shall include, for each 
recommendation--
            ``(1) a brief summary of the Board's collection and 
        analysis of the specific accident investigation information 
        most relevant to the recommendation;
            ``(2) a description of the Board's use of external 
        information, including studies, reports, and experts, other 
        than the findings of a specific accident investigation, if any 
        were used to inform or support the recommendation, including a 
        brief summary of the specific safety benefits and other effects 
        identified by each study, report, or expert; and
            ``(3) a brief summary of any examples of actions taken by 
        regulated entities before the publication of the safety 
        recommendation, to the extent such actions are known to the 
        Board, that were consistent with the recommendation.
    ``(c) Acceptable Limitation.--If the Board knows of more than 3 
examples taken by regulated entities before the publication of the 
safety recommendation that were consistent with the recommendation, the 
brief summary under subsection (b)(3) may be limited to only 3 of those 
examples.
    ``(d) Exception.--Subsection (a) shall not apply if the 
recommendation is only for a person to disseminate information on--
            ``(1) an existing agency best practices document; or
            ``(2) an existing regulatory requirement.
    ``(e) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section may be 
construed to require any change to a recommendation made by the Board 
before the date of enactment of the National Transportation Safety 
Board Reauthorization Act, unless the recommendation is a repeat 
recommendation issued on or after the date of enactment of such Act.
    ``(f) Savings Clause.--Nothing in this section may be construed--
            ``(1) to delay publication of the findings, cause, or 
        probable cause of a Board investigation;
            ``(2) to delay the issuance of an urgent recommendation 
        that the Board has determined must be issued to avoid immediate 
        loss, death, or injury; or
            ``(3) to limit the number of examples the Board may 
        consider before issuing a recommendation.''.
            (2) Clerical amendment.--The analysis for chapter 11 of 
        title 49, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the 
        item relating to section 1116 the following:

``117. Methodology.''.

SEC. 1108. MULTIMODAL ACCIDENT DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM.

    (a) Establishment.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Board shall establish and maintain a 
multimodal accident database management system for Board investigators.
    (b) Purposes.--The purposes of the system shall be to support the 
Board in improving--
            (1) the quality of accident data the Board makes available 
        to the public; and
            (2) the selection of accidents for investigation and 
        allocation of limited resources.
    (c) Requirements.--The system shall--
            (1) maintain a historical record of accidents that are 
        investigated by the Board; and
            (2) be capable of the secure storage, retrieval, and 
        management of information associated with the investigations of 
        such accidents.

SEC. 1109. ADDRESSING THE NEEDS OF FAMILIES OF INDIVIDUALS INVOLVED IN 
              ACCIDENTS.

    (a) Air Carriers Holding Certificates of Public Convenience and 
Necessity.--Section 41113 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``a major'' and 
        inserting ``any''; and
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (9), by striking ``(and any other 
                victim of the accident)'' and inserting ``(and any 
                other victim of the accident, including any victim on 
                the ground)'';
                    (B) in paragraph (16), by striking ``major'' and 
                inserting ``any''; and
                    (C) in paragraph (17)(A), by striking 
                ``significant'' and inserting ``any''.
    (b) Foreign Air Carriers Providing Foreign Air Transportation.--
Section 41313 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b), by striking ``a major'' and 
        inserting ``any''; and
            (2) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``a significant'' 
                and inserting ``any'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``a significant'' 
                and inserting ``any'';
                    (C) by amending paragraph (9) to read as follows:
            ``(9) Equal treatment of passengers.--An assurance that the 
        treatment of the families of nonrevenue passengers (and any 
        other victim of the accident, including any victim on the 
        ground) will be the same as the treatment of the families of 
        revenue passengers.'';
                    (D) in paragraph (16)--
                            (i) by striking ``major'' and inserting 
                        ``any''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``the foreign air carrier 
                        will consult'' and inserting ``will consult''; 
                        and
                    (E) in paragraph (17)(A), by striking 
                ``significant'' and inserting ``any''.
    (c) Assistance to Families of Passengers Involved in Aircraft 
Accidents.--Section 1136 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``aircraft accident 
        within the United States involving an air carrier or foreign 
        air carrier and resulting in a major loss of life'' and 
        inserting ``aircraft accident involving an air carrier or 
        foreign air carrier, resulting in any loss of life, and for 
        which the National Transportation Safety Board will serve as 
        the lead investigative agency''; and
            (2) in subsection (h)--
                    (A) by amending paragraph (1) to read as follows:
            ``(1) Aircraft accident.--The term `aircraft accident' 
        means any aviation disaster, regardless of its cause or 
        suspected cause, for which the National Transportation Safety 
        Board is the lead investigative agency.''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``; 
                        and'' and inserting a semicolon;
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking the 
                        period at the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(C) any other person injured or killed in the 
                aircraft accident, as determined appropriate by the 
                Board.''.
    (d) Assistance to Families of Passengers Involved in Rail Passenger 
Accidents.--Section 1139 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``resulting in a major 
        loss of life'' and inserting ``resulting in any loss of life, 
        and for which the National Transportation Safety Board will 
        serve as the lead investigative agency''; and
            (2) by amending subsection (h)(1) to read as follows:
            ``(1) Rail passenger accident.--The term `rail passenger 
        accident' means any rail passenger disaster that--
                    ``(A) results in any loss of life;
                    ``(B) the National Transportation Safety Board will 
                serve as the lead investigative agency for; and
                    ``(C) occurs in the provision of--
                            ``(i) interstate intercity rail passenger 
                        transportation (as such term is defined in 
                        section 24102); or
                            ``(ii) high-speed rail (as such term is 
                        defined in section 26105) transportation, 
                        regardless of its cause or suspected cause.''.
    (e) Information for Families of Individuals Involved in 
Accidents.--
            (1) In general.--Subchapter III of chapter 11 of subtitle 
        II of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding at the 
        end the following:
``Sec. 1140. Information for families of individuals involved in 
              accidents
    ``In the course of an investigation of an accident described in 
section 1131(a)(1), except an aircraft accident described in section 
1136 or a rail passenger accident described in section 1139, the Board 
may, to the maximum extent practicable, ensure that the families of 
individuals involved in the accident, and other individuals the Board 
deems appropriate--
            ``(1) are informed as to the roles, with respect to the 
        accident and the post-accident activities, of the Board;
            ``(2) are briefed, before any public briefing, about the 
        accident, its causes, and any other findings from the 
        investigation; and
            ``(3) are individually informed of and allowed to attend 
        any public hearings and meetings of the Board about the 
        accident.''.
            (2) Table of contents.--The table of contents of chapter 11 
        of subtitle II of title 49, United States Code, is amended by 
        inserting after the item relating to section 1139 the 
        following:

``1140. Information for families of individuals involved in 
                            accidents.''.

SEC. 1110. GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE REPORT ON INVESTIGATION 
              LAUNCH DECISION-MAKING PROCESSES.

    Section 1138 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) by redesignating paragraphs (5) and (6) as 
                paragraphs (6) and (7), respectively; and
                    (B) by inserting after paragraph (4) the following:
            ``(5) the process and procedures to select an accident to 
        investigate;''; and
            (2) in subsection (c), by inserting a comma after 
        ``Science''.

SEC. 1111. PERIODIC REVIEW OF SAFETY RECOMMENDATIONS.

    (a) Reports.--Section 1116 of title 49, United States Code, as 
amended by this Act, is further amended--
            (1) in the heading, by striking ``and studies'' and 
        inserting ``, studies, and retrospective reviews''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(d) Retrospective Reviews.--
            ``(1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), not later than 
        June 1, 2019, and at least every 5 years thereafter, the 
        Chairman shall complete a retrospective review of 
        recommendations issued by the Board that are classified as open 
        by the Board.
            ``(2) Contents.--A review under paragraph (1) shall 
        include--
                    ``(A) a determination of whether the recommendation 
                should be updated, closed, or reissued in light of--
                            ``(i) changed circumstances;
                            ``(ii) more recently issued 
                        recommendations;
                            ``(iii) the availability of new 
                        technologies; or
                            ``(iv) new information making the 
                        recommendation ineffective or insufficient for 
                        achieving its objective; and
                    ``(B) a justification for each determination under 
                subparagraph (A).
            ``(3) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date a 
        review under paragraph (1) is complete, the Chairman shall 
        submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
        Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on 
        Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of 
        Representatives a report that includes--
                    ``(A) the findings of the review under paragraph 
                (1);
                    ``(B) each determination under paragraph (2)(A) and 
                justification under paragraph (2)(B); and
                    ``(C) if applicable, a schedule for updating, 
                closing, or reissuing a recommendation.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 11 of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended by striking the item relating to section 
1116 and inserting the following:

``1116. Reports, studies, and retrospective reviews.''.
    (c) Savings Clause.--Nothing in this section or the amendments made 
by this section may be construed to limit or otherwise affect the 
authority of the Board to update, close, or reissue a recommendation.

SEC. 1112. GENERAL ORGANIZATION.

    (a) Terms of the Chairman and Vice Chairman.--Section 1111(d) of 
title 49, United States Code, is amended by striking ``2 years'' and 
inserting ``3 years''.
    (b) Nonpublic Collaborative Discussions.--Section 1111 of such 
title is further amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(k) Open Meetings.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Board shall be deemed to be an 
        agency for purposes of section 552b of title 5.
            ``(2) Nonpublic collaborative discussions.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Notwithstanding section 552b of 
                title 5, a majority of the members may hold a meeting 
                that is not open to public observation to discuss 
                official agency business if--
                            ``(i) no formal or informal vote or other 
                        official agency action is taken at the meeting;
                            ``(ii) each individual present at the 
                        meeting is a member or an employee of the 
                        Board;
                            ``(iii) at least 1 member of the Board from 
                        each political party is present at the meeting, 
                        if applicable; and
                            ``(iv) the General Counsel of the Board is 
                        present at the meeting.
                    ``(B) Disclosure of nonpublic collaborative 
                discussions.--Except as provided under subparagraphs 
                (C) and (D), not later than 2 business days after the 
                conclusion of a meeting under subparagraph (A), the 
                Board shall make available to the public, in a place 
                easily accessible to the public--
                            ``(i) a list of the individuals present at 
                        the meeting; and
                            ``(ii) a summary of the matters, including 
                        key issues, discussed at the meeting, except 
                        for any matter the Board properly determines 
                        may be withheld from the public under section 
                        552b(c) of title 5.
                    ``(C) Summary.--If the Board properly determines a 
                matter may be withheld from the public under section 
                552b(c) of title 5, the Board shall provide a summary 
                with as much general information as possible on each 
                matter withheld from the public.
                    ``(D) Active investigations.--If a discussion under 
                subparagraph (A) directly relates to an active 
                investigation, the Board shall make the disclosure 
                under subparagraph (B) on the date the Board adopts the 
                final report.
                    ``(E) Preservation of open meetings requirements 
                for agency action.--Nothing in this paragraph may be 
                construed to limit the applicability of section 552b of 
                title 5 with respect to a meeting of the members other 
                than that described in this paragraph.
                    ``(F) Statutory construction.--Nothing in this 
                paragraph may be construed--
                            ``(i) to limit the applicability of section 
                        552b of title 5 with respect to any information 
                        which is proposed to be withheld from the 
                        public under subparagraph (B)(ii); or
                            ``(ii) to authorize the Board to withhold 
                        from any individual any record that is 
                        accessible to that individual under section 
                        552a of title 5.''.
    (c) Authority To Acquire Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems for 
Investigation Purposes.--Section 1113(b)(1) of such title is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (H), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (2) in subparagraph (I), by striking the period at the end 
        and inserting ``; and''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(J) notwithstanding section 1343 of title 31, 
                acquire 1 or more small unmanned aircraft (as defined 
                in section 44801) for use in investigations under this 
                chapter.''.
    (d) Investigative Officers.--Section 1113 of such title is amended 
by striking subsection (h).
    (e) Technical Amendment.--Section 1113(a)(1) of such title is 
amended by striking ``subpena'' and inserting ``subpoena''.

SEC. 1113. TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.

    (a) Table of Contents.--The table of contents of subchapter III of 
chapter 11 of subtitle II of title 49, United States Code, is amended 
in the item relating to section 1138 by striking ``Board'' and 
inserting ``Board.''.
    (b) General Authority.--Section 1131(a)(1)(A) of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended by striking ``a public aircraft as defined by 
section 40102(a)(37) of this title'' and inserting ``a public aircraft 
as defined by section 40102(a) of this title''.

                  DIVISION D--DISASTER RECOVERY REFORM

SEC. 1201. SHORT TITLE.

    This division may be cited as the ``Disaster Recovery Reform Act of 
2018''.

SEC. 1202. APPLICABILITY.

    (a) Applicability for Stafford Act.--Except as otherwise expressly 
provided, the amendments in this division to the Robert T. Stafford 
Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.) 
apply to each major disaster and emergency declared by the President on 
or after August 1, 2017, under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief 
and Emergency Assistance Act.
    (b) Division Applicability.--Except as otherwise expressly 
provided, the authorities provided under this division apply to each 
major disaster and emergency declared by the President under the Robert 
T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act on or after 
January 1, 2016.

SEC. 1203. DEFINITIONS.

    In this division:
            (1) Administrator.--The term ``Administrator'' means the 
        Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency.
            (2) Agency.--The term ``Agency'' means the Federal 
        Emergency Management Agency.
            (3) State.--The term ``State'' has the meaning given that 
        term in section 102 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief 
        and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5122).

SEC. 1204. WILDFIRE PREVENTION.

    (a) Mitigation Assistance.--Section 420 of the Robert T. Stafford 
Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5187) is 
amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsection (d) as subsection (e); and
            (2) by inserting after subsection (c) the following:
    ``(d) Hazard Mitigation Assistance.--Whether or not a major 
disaster is declared, the President may provide hazard mitigation 
assistance in accordance with section 404 in any area affected by a 
fire for which assistance was provided under this section.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendments.--The Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief 
and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.) is amended--
            (1) in section 404(a) (42 U.S.C. 5170c(a)) (as amended by 
        this division)--
                    (A) by inserting before the first period ``, or any 
                area affected by a fire for which assistance was 
                provided under section 420''; and
                    (B) in the third sentence by inserting ``or event 
                under section 420'' after ``major disaster'' each place 
                it appears; and
            (2) in section 322(e)(1) (42 U.S.C. 5165(e)(1)), by 
        inserting ``or event under section 420'' after ``major 
        disaster'' each place it appears.
    (c) Reporting Requirement.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
enactment of this Act and annually thereafter, the Administrator shall 
submit to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs 
of the Senate, the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of 
the House of Representatives, and the Committees on Appropriations of 
the Senate and the House of Representatives a report containing a 
summary of any projects carried out, and any funding provided to those 
projects, under subsection (d) of section 420 of the Robert T. Stafford 
Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5187) (as 
amended by this section).

SEC. 1205. ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES.

    Section 404 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency 
Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170c) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
    ``(f) Use of Assistance.--Recipients of hazard mitigation 
assistance provided under this section and section 203 may use the 
assistance to conduct activities to help reduce the risk of future 
damage, hardship, loss, or suffering in any area affected by a wildfire 
or windstorm, such as--
            ``(1) reseeding ground cover with quick-growing or native 
        species;
            ``(2) mulching with straw or chipped wood;
            ``(3) constructing straw, rock, or log dams in small 
        tributaries to prevent flooding;
            ``(4) placing logs and other erosion barriers to catch 
        sediment on hill slopes;
            ``(5) installing debris traps to modify road and trail 
        drainage mechanisms;
            ``(6) modifying or removing culverts to allow drainage to 
        flow freely;
            ``(7) adding drainage dips and constructing emergency 
        spillways to keep roads and bridges from washing out during 
        floods;
            ``(8) planting grass to prevent the spread of noxious 
        weeds;
            ``(9) installing warning signs;
            ``(10) establishing defensible space measures;
            ``(11) reducing hazardous fuels;
            ``(12) mitigating windstorm damage, including replacing or 
        installing electrical transmission or distribution utility pole 
        structures with poles that are resilient to extreme wind and 
        combined ice and wind loadings for the basic wind speeds and 
        ice conditions associated with the relevant location;
            ``(13) removing standing burned trees; and
            ``(14) replacing water systems that have been burned and 
        have caused contamination.''.

SEC. 1206. ELIGIBILITY FOR CODE IMPLEMENTATION AND ENFORCEMENT.

    (a) In General.--Section 402 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster 
Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170a) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (4), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (2) by redesignating paragraph (5) as paragraph (6); and
            (3) by inserting after paragraph (4) the following:
            ``(5) provide assistance to State and local governments for 
        building code and floodplain management ordinance 
        administration and enforcement, including inspections for 
        substantial damage compliance; and''.
    (b) Repair, Restoration, and Replacement of Damaged Facilities.--
Section 406(a)(2) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and 
Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5172(a)(2)) is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (2) in subparagraph (C), by striking the period at the end 
        and inserting ``; and''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(D) base and overtime wages for extra hires to 
                facilitate the implementation and enforcement of 
                adopted building codes for a period of not more than 
                180 days after the major disaster is declared.''.

SEC. 1207. PROGRAM IMPROVEMENTS.

    (a) Hazard Mitigation.--Section 406(c) of the Robert T. Stafford 
Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5172(c)) is 
amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)(A), by striking ``90 percent of''; and
            (2) in paragraph (2)(A), by striking ``75 percent of''.
    (b) Flood Insurance.--Section 406(d)(1) of the Robert T. Stafford 
Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5172(d)(1)) is 
amended by adding at the end the following: ``This section shall not 
apply to more than one building of a multi-structure educational, law 
enforcement, correctional, fire, or medical campus, for any major 
disaster or emergency declared by the President under section 401 or 
501, respectively, of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and 
Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170, 5191) on or after January 1, 
2016, through December 31, 2018.''.
    (c) Participation.--Section 428(d) of the Robert T. Stafford 
Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5189f(d)) is 
amended--
            (1) by striking ``Participation in'' and inserting the 
        following:
            ``(1) In general.--Participation in''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) No conditions.--The President may not condition the 
        provision of Federal assistance under this Act on the election 
        by a State, local, or Indian tribal government, or owner or 
        operator of a private nonprofit facility to participate in the 
        alternative procedures adopted under this section.''.
    (d) Certification.--Section 428(e)(1) of the Robert T. Stafford 
Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5189f(e)(1)) is 
amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (E), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (2) in subparagraph (F), by striking the period at the end 
        and inserting ``; and''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(G) once certified by a professionally licensed 
                engineer and accepted by the Administrator, the 
                estimates on which grants made pursuant to this section 
                are based shall be presumed to be reasonable and 
                eligible costs, as long as there is no evidence of 
                fraud.''.

SEC. 1208. PRIORITIZATION OF FACILITIES.

    Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Administrator shall provide guidance and training on an annual 
basis to State, local, and Indian tribal governments, first responders, 
and utility companies on--
            (1) the need to prioritize assistance to hospitals, nursing 
        homes, and other long-term care facilities to ensure that such 
        health care facilities remain functioning or return to 
        functioning as soon as practicable during power outages caused 
        by natural hazards, including severe weather events;
            (2) how hospitals, nursing homes and other long-term care 
        facilities should adequately prepare for power outages during a 
        major disaster or emergency, as those terms are defined in 
        section 102 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and 
        Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5122); and
            (3) how State, local, and Indian tribal governments, first 
        responders, utility companies, hospitals, nursing homes, and 
        other long-term care facilities should develop a strategy to 
        coordinate emergency response plans, including the activation 
        of emergency response plans, in anticipation of a major 
        disaster, including severe weather events.

SEC. 1209. GUIDANCE ON EVACUATION ROUTES.

    (a) In General.--
            (1) Identification.--The Administrator, in coordination 
        with the Administrator of the Federal Highway Administration, 
        shall develop and issue guidance for State, local, and Indian 
        tribal governments regarding the identification of evacuation 
        routes.
            (2) Guidance.--The Administrator of the Federal Highway 
        Administration, in coordination with the Administrator, shall 
        revise existing guidance or issue new guidance as appropriate 
        for State, local, and Indian tribal governments regarding the 
        design, construction, maintenance, and repair of evacuation 
        routes.
    (b) Considerations.--
            (1) Identification.--In developing the guidance under 
        subsection (a)(1), the Administrator shall consider--
                    (A) whether evacuation routes have resisted impacts 
                and recovered quickly from disasters, regardless of 
                cause;
                    (B) the need to evacuate special needs populations, 
                including--
                            (i) individuals with a physical or mental 
                        disability;
                            (ii) individuals in schools, daycare 
                        centers, mobile home parks, prisons, nursing 
                        homes and other long-term care facilities, and 
                        detention centers;
                            (iii) individuals with limited-English 
                        proficiency;
                            (iv) the elderly; and
                            (v) individuals who are tourists, seasonal 
                        workers, or homeless;
                    (C) the sharing of information and other public 
                communications with evacuees during evacuations;
                    (D) the sheltering of evacuees, including the care, 
                protection, and sheltering of animals;
                    (E) the return of evacuees to their homes; and
                    (F) such other items the Administrator considers 
                appropriate.
            (2) Design, construction, maintenance, and repair.--In 
        revising or issuing guidance under subsection (a)(2), the 
        Administrator of the Federal Highway Administration shall 
        consider--
                    (A) methods that assist evacuation routes to--
                            (i) withstand likely risks to viability, 
                        including flammability and hydrostatic forces;
                            (ii) improve durability, strength 
                        (including the ability to withstand tensile 
                        stresses and compressive stresses), and 
                        sustainability; and
                            (iii) provide for long-term cost savings;
                    (B) the ability of evacuation routes to effectively 
                manage contraflow operations;
                    (C) for evacuation routes on public lands, the 
                viewpoints of the applicable Federal land management 
                agency regarding emergency operations, sustainability, 
                and resource protection; and
                    (D) such other items the Administrator of the 
                Federal Highway Administration considers appropriate.
    (c) Study.--The Administrator, in coordination with the 
Administrator of the Federal Highway Administration and State, local, 
territorial, and Indian tribal governments, may--
            (1) conduct a study of the adequacy of available evacuation 
        routes to accommodate the flow of evacuees; and
            (2) submit recommendations on how to help with anticipated 
        evacuation route flow, based on the study conducted under 
        paragraph (1), to--
                    (A) the Federal Highway Administration;
                    (B) the Agency;
                    (C) State, local, territorial, and Indian tribal 
                governments; and
                    (D) Congress.

SEC. 1210. DUPLICATION OF BENEFITS.

    (a) In General.--
            (1) Authority.--Section 312(b) of the Robert T. Stafford 
        Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 
        5155(b)) is amended by adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) Waiver of general prohibition.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The President may waive the 
                general prohibition provided in subsection (a) upon 
                request of a Governor on behalf of the State or on 
                behalf of a person, business concern, or any other 
                entity suffering losses as a result of a major disaster 
                or emergency, if the President finds such waiver is in 
                the public interest and will not result in waste, 
                fraud, or abuse. In making this decision, the President 
                may consider the following:
                            ``(i) The recommendations of the 
                        Administrator of the Federal Emergency 
                        Management Agency made in consultation with the 
                        Federal agency or agencies administering the 
                        duplicative program.
                            ``(ii) If a waiver is granted, the 
                        assistance to be funded is cost effective.
                            ``(iii) Equity and good conscience.
                            ``(iv) Other matters of public policy 
                        considered appropriate by the President.
                    ``(B) Grant or denial of waiver.--A request under 
                subparagraph (A) shall be granted or denied not later 
                than 45 days after submission of such request.
                    ``(C) Prohibition on determination that loan is a 
                duplication.--Notwithstanding subsection (c), in 
                carrying out subparagraph (A), the President may not 
                determine that a loan is a duplication of assistance, 
                provided that all Federal assistance is used toward a 
                loss suffered as a result of the major disaster or 
                emergency.''.
            (2) Limitation.--This subsection, including the amendment 
        made by paragraph (1), shall not be construed to apply to 
        section 406 or 408 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief 
        and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5172, 5174).
            (3) Applicability.--The amendment made by paragraph (1) 
        shall apply to any major disaster or emergency declared by the 
        President under section 401 or 501, respectively, of the Robert 
        T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 
        U.S.C. 5170, 5191) between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 
        2021.
            (4) Sunset.--On the date that is 5 years after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, section 312(b) of the Robert T. Stafford 
        Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 
        5155(b)) is amended by striking paragraph (4), as added by 
        subsection (a)(1) of this section.
            (5) Report.--
                    (A) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the 
                date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator, in 
                coordination with other relevant Federal agencies, 
                shall submit to the congressional committees of 
                jurisdiction a report conducted by all relevant Federal 
                agencies to improve the comprehensive delivery of 
                disaster assistance to individuals following a major 
                disaster or emergency declaration under the Robert T. 
                Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act.
                    (B) Contents.--The report required under 
                subparagraph (A) shall include both administrative 
                actions taken, or planned to be taken, by the agencies 
                as well as legislative proposals, where appropriate, of 
                the following:
                            (i) Efforts to improve coordination between 
                        the Agency and other relevant Federal agencies 
                        when delivering disaster assistance to 
                        individuals.
                            (ii) Clarify the sequence of delivery of 
                        disaster assistance to individuals from the 
                        Agency, and other relevant Federal agencies.
                            (iii) Clarify the interpretation and 
                        implementation of section 312 of the Robert T. 
                        Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency 
                        Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5155) when providing 
                        disaster assistance to individuals, including 
                        providing a common interpretation across the 
                        Agency, and other relevant Federal agencies, of 
                        the definitions and requirements under such 
                        section 312.
                            (iv) Increase the effectiveness of 
                        communication to applicants for assistance 
                        programs for individuals after a disaster 
                        declaration, including the breadth of programs 
                        available and the potential impacts of 
                        utilizing one program versus another.
                    (C) Report update.--Not later than 4 years after 
                the date of enactment of this subsection, the 
                Administrator, in coordination with other relevant 
                Federal agencies, shall submit to the congressional 
                committees of jurisdiction an update to the report 
                required under subparagraph (A).
    (b) Funding of a Federally Authorized Water Resources Development 
Project.--
            (1) Eligible activities.--Notwithstanding section 312 of 
        the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance 
        Act (42 U.S.C. 5155) and its implementing regulations, 
        assistance provided pursuant to section 404 of such Act may be 
        used to fund activities authorized for construction within the 
        scope of a federally authorized water resources development 
        project of the Army Corps of Engineers if such activities are 
        also eligible activities under such section.
            (2) Federal funding.--All Federal funding provided under 
        section 404 pursuant to this section shall be applied toward 
        the Federal share of such project.
            (3) Non-federal match.--All non-Federal matching funds 
        required under section 404 pursuant to this section shall be 
        applied toward the non-Federal share of such project.
            (4) Total federal share.--Funding provided under section 
        404 pursuant to this section may not exceed the total Federal 
        share for such project.
            (5) No effect.--Nothing in this section shall--
                    (A) affect the cost-share requirement of a hazard 
                mitigation measure under section 404;
                    (B) affect the eligibility criteria for a hazard 
                mitigation measure under section 404;
                    (C) affect the cost share requirements of a 
                federally authorized water resources development 
                project; and
                    (D) affect the responsibilities of a non-Federal 
                interest with respect to the project, including those 
                related to the provision of lands, easements, rights-
                of-way, dredge material disposal areas, and necessary 
                relocations.
            (6) Limitation.--If a federally authorized water resources 
        development project of the Army Corps of Engineers is 
        constructed with funding provided under section 404 pursuant to 
        this subsection, no further Federal funding shall be provided 
        for construction of such project

SEC. 1211. STATE ADMINISTRATION OF ASSISTANCE FOR DIRECT TEMPORARY 
              HOUSING AND PERMANENT HOUSING CONSTRUCTION.

    (a) State Role.--Section 408(f) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster 
Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5174(f)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)--
                    (A) by striking the paragraph heading and inserting 
                ``State- or indian tribal government-administered 
                assistance and other needs assistance.--'';
                    (B) in subparagraph (A)--
                            (i) by striking ``financial''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``subsection (e)'' and 
                        inserting ``subsections (c)(1)(B), (c)(4), and 
                        (e) if the President and the State or Indian 
                        tribal government comply, as determined by the 
                        Administrator, with paragraph (3)''; and
                    (C) in subparagraph (B)--
                            (i) by striking ``financial''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``subsection (e)'' and 
                        inserting ``subsections (c)(1)(B), (c)(4), and 
                        (e)''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) Requirements.--
                    ``(A) Application.--A State or Indian tribal 
                government desiring to provide assistance under 
                subsection (c)(1)(B), (c)(4), or (e) shall submit to 
                the President an application for a grant to provide 
                financial assistance under the program.
                    ``(B) Criteria.--The President, in consultation and 
                coordination with State and Indian tribal governments, 
                shall establish criteria for the approval of 
                applications submitted under subparagraph (A). The 
                criteria shall include, at a minimum--
                            ``(i) a requirement that the State or 
                        Indian tribal government submit a housing 
                        strategy under subparagraph (C);
                            ``(ii) the demonstrated ability of the 
                        State or Indian tribal government to manage the 
                        program under this section;
                            ``(iii) there being in effect a plan 
                        approved by the President as to how the State 
                        or Indian tribal government will comply with 
                        applicable Federal laws and regulations and how 
                        the State or Indian tribal government will 
                        provide assistance under its plan;
                            ``(iv) a requirement that the State or 
                        Indian tribal government comply with rules and 
                        regulations established pursuant to subsection 
                        (j); and
                            ``(v) a requirement that the President, or 
                        the designee of the President, comply with 
                        subsection (i).
                    ``(C) Requirement of housing strategy.--
                            ``(i) In general.--A State or Indian tribal 
                        government submitting an application under this 
                        paragraph shall have an approved housing 
                        strategy, which shall be developed and 
                        submitted to the President for approval.
                            ``(ii) Requirements.--The housing strategy 
                        required under clause (i) shall--
                                    ``(I) outline the approach of the 
                                State in working with Federal partners, 
                                Indian tribal governments, local 
                                communities, nongovernmental 
                                organizations, and individual disaster 
                                survivors to meet disaster-related 
                                sheltering and housing needs; and
                                    ``(II) include the establishment of 
                                an activation plan for a State Disaster 
                                Housing Task Force, as outlined in the 
                                National Disaster Housing Strategy, to 
                                bring together State, tribal, local, 
                                Federal, nongovernmental, and private 
                                sector expertise to evaluate housing 
                                requirements, consider potential 
                                solutions, recognize special needs 
                                populations, and propose 
                                recommendations.
                    ``(D) Quality assurance.--Before approving an 
                application submitted under this section, the 
                President, or the designee of the President, shall 
                institute adequate policies, procedures, and internal 
                controls to prevent waste, fraud, abuse, and program 
                mismanagement for this program and for programs under 
                subsections (c)(1)(B), (c)(4), and (e). The President 
                shall monitor and conduct quality assurance activities 
                on a State or Indian tribal government's implementation 
                of programs under subsections (c)(1)(B), (c)(4), and 
                (e). If, after approving an application of a State or 
                Indian tribal government submitted under this 
                paragraph, the President determines that the State or 
                Indian tribal government is not administering the 
                program established by this section in a manner 
                satisfactory to the President, the President shall 
                withdraw the approval.
                    ``(E) Audits.--The Inspector General of the 
                Department of Homeland Security shall provide for 
                periodic audits of the programs administered by States 
                and Indian tribal governments under this subsection.
                    ``(F) Applicable laws.--All Federal laws applicable 
                to the management, administration, or contracting of 
                the programs by the Federal Emergency Management Agency 
                under this section shall be applicable to the 
                management, administration, or contracting by a non-
                Federal entity under this section.
                    ``(G) Report on effectiveness.--Not later than 18 
                months after the date of enactment of this paragraph, 
                the Inspector General of the Department of Homeland 
                Security shall submit a report to the Committee on 
                Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the 
                Senate and the Committee on Transportation and 
                Infrastructure of the House of Representatives on the 
                State or Indian tribal government's role to provide 
                assistance under this section. The report shall contain 
                an assessment of the effectiveness of the State or 
                Indian tribal government's role in providing assistance 
                under this section, including--
                            ``(i) whether the State or Indian tribal 
                        government's role helped to improve the general 
                        speed of disaster recovery;
                            ``(ii) whether the State or Indian tribal 
                        government providing assistance under this 
                        section had the capacity to administer this 
                        section; and
                            ``(iii) recommendations for changes to 
                        improve the program if the State or Indian 
                        tribal government's role to administer the 
                        programs should be continued.
                    ``(H) Report on incentives.--Not later than 12 
                months after the date of enactment of this paragraph, 
                the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management 
                Agency shall submit a report to the Committee on 
                Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the 
                Senate and the Committee on Transportation and 
                Infrastructure of the House of Representatives on a 
                potential incentive structure for awards made under 
                this section to encourage participation by eligible 
                States and Indian tribal governments. In developing 
                this report, the Administrator of the Federal Emergency 
                Management Agency shall consult with State, local, and 
                Indian tribal entities to gain their input on any such 
                incentive structure to encourage participation and 
                shall include this information in the report. This 
                report should address, among other options, potential 
                adjustments to the cost-share requirement and 
                management costs to State and Indian tribal 
                governments.
                    ``(I) Prohibition.--The President may not condition 
                the provision of Federal assistance under this Act on a 
                State or Indian tribal government requesting a grant 
                under this section.
                    ``(J) Miscellaneous.--
                            ``(i) Notice and comment.--The 
                        Administrator of the Federal Emergency 
                        Management Agency may waive notice and comment 
                        rulemaking with respect to rules to carry out 
                        this section, if the Administrator determines 
                        doing so is necessary to expeditiously 
                        implement this section, and may carry out this 
                        section as a pilot program until such 
                        regulations are promulgated.
                            ``(ii) Final rule.--Not later than 2 years 
                        after the date of enactment of this paragraph, 
                        the Administrator of the Federal Emergency 
                        Management Agency shall issue final regulations 
                        to implement this subsection as amended by the 
                        Disaster Recovery Reform Act of 2018.
                            ``(iii) Waiver and expiration.--The 
                        authority under clause (i) and any pilot 
                        program implemented pursuant to such clause 
                        shall expire 2 years after the date of 
                        enactment of this paragraph or upon issuance of 
                        final regulations pursuant to clause (ii), 
                        whichever occurs sooner.''.
    (b) Reimbursement.--The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) 
shall reimburse State and local units of government (for requests 
received within a period of 3 years after the declaration of a major 
disaster under section 401 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief 
and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170)) upon determination that 
a locally implemented housing solution, implemented by State or local 
units of government--
            (1) costs 50 percent of comparable FEMA solution or 
        whatever the locally implemented solution costs, whichever is 
        lower;
            (2) complies with local housing regulations and ordinances; 
        and
            (3) the housing solution was implemented within 90 days of 
        the disaster.

SEC. 1212. ASSISTANCE TO INDIVIDUALS AND HOUSEHOLDS.

    Section 408(h) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and 
Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5174(h)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by inserting ``, excluding financial 
        assistance to rent alternate housing accommodations under 
        subsection (c)(1)(A)(i) and financial assistance to address 
        other needs under subsection (e)'' after ``disaster'';
            (2) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph (3);
            (3) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
            ``(2) Other needs assistance.--The maximum financial 
        assistance any individual or household may receive under 
        subsection (e) shall be equivalent to the amount set forth in 
        paragraph (1) with respect to a single major disaster.'';
            (4) in paragraph (3) (as so redesignated), by striking 
        ``paragraph (1)'' and inserting ``paragraphs (1) and (2)''; and
            (5) by inserting after paragraph (3) (as so redesignated) 
        the following:
            ``(4) Exclusion of necessary expenses for individuals with 
        disabilities.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The maximum amount of assistance 
                established under paragraph (1) shall exclude expenses 
                to repair or replace damaged accessibility-related 
                improvements under paragraphs (2), (3), and (4) of 
                subsection (c) for individuals with disabilities.
                    ``(B) Other needs assistance.--The maximum amount 
                of assistance established under paragraph (2) shall 
                exclude expenses to repair or replace accessibility-
                related personal property under subsection (e)(2) for 
                individuals with disabilities.''.

SEC. 1213. MULTIFAMILY LEASE AND REPAIR ASSISTANCE.

    (a) Lease and Repair of Rental Units for Temporary Housing.--
Section 408(c)(1)(B)(ii)(II) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief 
and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5174(c)(1)(B)(ii)(II)) is 
amended to read as follows:
                                    ``(II) Improvements or repairs.--
                                Under the terms of any lease agreement 
                                for property entered into under this 
                                subsection, the value of the 
                                improvements or repairs shall be 
                                deducted from the value of the lease 
                                agreement.''.
    (b) Rental Properties Impacted.--Section 408(c)(1)(B)(ii)(I)(aa) of 
the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 
U.S.C. 5174(c)(1)(B)(ii)(I)(aa)) is amended to read as follows:
                                            ``(aa) enter into lease 
                                        agreements with owners of 
                                        multifamily rental property 
                                        impacted by a major disaster or 
                                        located in areas covered by a 
                                        major disaster declaration to 
                                        house individuals and 
                                        households eligible for 
                                        assistance under this section; 
                                        and''.
    (c) Inspector General Report.--Not later than 2 years after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the inspector general of the 
Department of Homeland Security shall--
            (1) assess the use of the authority provided under section 
        408(c)(1)(B) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and 
        Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5174(c)(1)(B)), as amended 
        by this division, including the adequacy of any benefit-cost 
        analysis done to justify the use of this alternative; and
            (2) submit a report on the results of the assessment 
        conducted under paragraph (1) to the appropriate committees of 
        Congress.

SEC. 1214. PRIVATE NONPROFIT FACILITY.

    Section 102(11)(B) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and 
Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5122(11)(B)) is amended by 
inserting ``food banks,'' after ``shelter workshops,''.

SEC. 1215. MANAGEMENT COSTS.

    Section 324 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency 
Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5165b) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a) by striking ``any administrative 
        expense, and any other expense not directly chargeable to'' and 
        inserting ``any direct administrative cost, and any other 
        administrative expense associated with''; and
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) by striking ``Notwithstanding'' and inserting 
                the following:
            ``(1) In general.--Notwithstanding'';
                    (B) in paragraph (1), as added by subparagraph (A), 
                by striking ``establish'' and inserting ``implement''; 
                and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) Specific management costs.--The Administrator of the 
        Federal Emergency Management Agency shall provide the following 
        percentage rates, in addition to the eligible project costs, to 
        cover direct and indirect costs of administering the following 
        programs:
                    ``(A) Hazard mitigation.--A grantee under section 
                404 may be reimbursed not more than 15 percent of the 
                total amount of the grant award under such section of 
                which not more than 10 percent may be used by the 
                grantee and 5 percent by the subgrantee for such costs.
                    ``(B) Public assistance.--A grantee under sections 
                403, 406, 407, and 502 may be reimbursed not more than 
                12 percent of the total award amount under such 
                sections, of which not more than 7 percent may be used 
                by the grantee and 5 percent by the subgrantee for such 
                costs.''.

SEC. 1216. FLEXIBILITY.

    (a) Waiver Authority.--
            (1) Definition.--In this subsection, the term ``covered 
        assistance'' means assistance provided--
                    (A) under section 408 of the Robert T. Stafford 
                Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 
                5174); and
                    (B) in relation to a major disaster or emergency 
                declared by the President under section 401 or 501, 
                respectively, of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief 
                and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170, 5191) on 
                or after October 28, 2012.
            (2) Authority.--Notwithstanding section 3716(e) of title 
        31, United States Code, the Administrator--
                    (A) subject to subparagraph (B), may waive a debt 
                owed to the United States related to covered assistance 
                provided to an individual or household if--
                            (i) the covered assistance was distributed 
                        based on an error by the Agency;
                            (ii) there was no fault on behalf of the 
                        debtor; and
                            (iii) the collection of the debt would be 
                        against equity and good conscience; and
                    (B) may not waive a debt under subparagraph (A) if 
                the debt involves fraud, the presentation of a false 
                claim, or misrepresentation by the debtor or any party 
                having an interest in the claim.
            (3) Monitoring of covered assistance distributed based on 
        error.--
                    (A) In general.--The Inspector General of the 
                Department of Homeland Security shall monitor the 
                distribution of covered assistance to individuals and 
                households to determine the percentage of such 
                assistance distributed based on an error.
                    (B) Removal of waiver authority based on excessive 
                error rate.--If the Inspector General of the Department 
                of Homeland Security determines, with respect to any 
                12-month period, that the amount of covered assistance 
                distributed based on an error by the Agency exceeds 4 
                percent of the total amount of covered assistance 
                distributed--
                            (i) the Inspector General shall notify the 
                        Administrator and publish the determination in 
                        the Federal Register; and
                            (ii) with respect to any major disaster or 
                        emergency declared by the President under 
                        section 401 or section 501, respectively, of 
                        the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and 
                        Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170; 42 
                        U.S.C. 5191) after the date on which the 
                        determination is published under subparagraph 
                        (A), the authority of the Administrator to 
                        waive debt under paragraph (2) shall no longer 
                        be effective.
    (b) Recoupment of Certain Assistance Prohibited.--
            (1) In general.--Notwithstanding section 3716(e) of title 
        31, United States Code, and unless there is evidence of civil 
        or criminal fraud, the Agency may not take any action to recoup 
        covered assistance from the recipient of such assistance if the 
        receipt of such assistance occurred on a date that is more than 
        3 years before the date on which the Agency first provides to 
        the recipient written notification of an intent to recoup.
            (2) Covered assistance defined.--In this subsection, the 
        term ``covered assistance'' means assistance provided--
                    (A) under section 408 of the Robert T. Stafford 
                Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 
                5174); and
                    (B) in relation to a major disaster or emergency 
                declared by the President under section 401 or 501, 
                respectively, of such Act (42 U.S.C. 5170; 42 U.S.C. 
                5191) on or after January 1, 2012.
    (c)  Statute of Limitations.--
            (1) In general.--Section 705 of the Robert T. Stafford 
        Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5205) 
        is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a)(1)--
                            (i) by striking ``Except'' and inserting 
                        ``Notwithstanding section 3716(e) of title 31, 
                        United States Code, and except''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``report for the disaster 
                        or emergency'' and inserting ``report for 
                        project completion as certified by the 
                        grantee''; and
                    (B) in subsection (b)--
                            (i) in paragraph (1) by striking ``report 
                        for the disaster or emergency'' and inserting 
                        ``report for project completion as certified by 
                        the grantee''; and
                            (ii) in paragraph (3) by inserting ``for 
                        project completion as certified by the 
                        grantee'' after ``final expenditure report''.
            (2) Applicability.--
                    (A) In general.--With respect to disaster or 
                emergency assistance provided to a State or local 
                government on or after January 1, 2004--
                            (i) no administrative action may be taken 
                        to recover a payment of such assistance after 
                        the date of enactment of this Act if the action 
                        is prohibited under section 705(a)(1) of the 
                        Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and 
                        Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 
                        5205(a)(1)), as amended by paragraph (1); and
                            (ii) any administrative action to recover a 
                        payment of such assistance that is pending on 
                        such date of enactment shall be terminated if 
                        the action is prohibited under section 
                        705(a)(1) of that Act, as amended by paragraph 
                        (1).
                    (B) Limitation.--This section, including the 
                amendments made by this section, may not be construed 
                to invalidate or otherwise affect any administration 
                action completed before the date of enactment of this 
                Act.

SEC. 1217. ADDITIONAL DISASTER ASSISTANCE.

    (a) Disaster Mitigation.--Section 209 of the Public Works and 
Economic Development Act of 1965 (42 U.S.C. 3149) is amended by adding 
at the end the following:
    ``(e) Disaster Mitigation.--In providing assistance pursuant to 
subsection (c)(2), if appropriate and as applicable, the Secretary may 
encourage hazard mitigation in assistance provided pursuant to such 
subsection.''.
    (b) Emergency Management Assistance Compact Grants.--Section 661(d) 
of the Post-Katrina Emergency Management Reform Act of 2006 (6 U.S.C. 
761(d)) is amended by striking ``for fiscal year 2008'' and inserting 
``for each of fiscal years 2018 through 2022''.
    (c) Emergency Management Performance Grants Program.--Section 
662(f) of the Post-Katrina Emergency Management Reform Act of 2006 (6 
U.S.C. 762(f)) is amended by striking ``the program'' and all that 
follows through ``2012'' and inserting ``the program, for each of 
fiscal years 2018 through 2022''.
    (d) Technical Amendment.--Section 403(a)(3) of the Robert T. 
Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 
5170b(a)(3)) is amended by striking the second subparagraph (J).

SEC. 1218. NATIONAL VETERINARY EMERGENCY TEAMS.

    (a) In General.--The Administrator of the Federal Emergency 
Management Agency may establish one or more national veterinary 
emergency teams at accredited colleges of veterinary medicine.
    (b) Responsibilities.--A national veterinary emergency team shall--
            (1) deploy with a team of the National Urban Search and 
        Rescue Response System to assist with--
                    (A) veterinary care of canine search teams;
                    (B) locating and treating companion animals, 
                service animals, livestock, and other animals; and
                    (C) surveillance and treatment of zoonotic 
                diseases;
            (2) recruit, train, and certify veterinary professionals, 
        including veterinary students, in accordance with an 
        established set of plans and standard operating guidelines to 
        carry out the duties associated with planning for and 
        responding to major disasters and emergencies as described in 
        paragraph (1);
            (3) assist State governments, Indian tribal governments, 
        local governments, and nonprofit organizations in developing 
        emergency management and evacuation plans that account for the 
        care and rescue of animals and in improving local readiness for 
        providing veterinary medical response during an emergency or 
        major disaster; and
            (4) coordinate with the Department of Homeland Security, 
        the Department of Health and Human Services, the Department of 
        Agriculture, State, local, and Indian tribal governments 
        (including departments of animal and human health), veterinary 
        and health care professionals, and volunteers.

SEC. 1219. RIGHT OF ARBITRATION.

    Section 423 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency 
Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5189a) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
    ``(d) Right of Arbitration.--
            ``(1) In general.--Notwithstanding this section, an 
        applicant for assistance under this title may request 
        arbitration to dispute the eligibility for assistance or 
        repayment of assistance provided for a dispute of more than 
        $500,000 for any disaster that occurred after January 1, 2016. 
        Such arbitration shall be conducted by the Civilian Board of 
        Contract Appeals and the decision of such Board shall be 
        binding.
            ``(2) Review.--The Civilian Board of Contract Appeals shall 
        consider from the applicant all original and additional 
        documentation, testimony, or other such evidence supporting the 
        applicant's position at any time during arbitration.
            ``(3) Rural areas.--For an applicant for assistance in a 
        rural area under this title, the assistance amount eligible for 
        arbitration pursuant to this subsection shall be $100,000.
            ``(4) Rural area defined.--For the purposes of this 
        subsection, the term `rural area' means an area with a 
        population of less than 200,000 outside an urbanized area.
            ``(5) Eligibility.--To participate in arbitration under 
        this subsection, an applicant--
                    ``(A) shall submit the dispute to the arbitration 
                process established under the authority granted under 
                section 601 of Public Law 111-5; and
                    ``(B) may submit a request for arbitration after 
                the completion of the first appeal under subsection (a) 
                at any time before the Administrator of the Federal 
                Emergency Management Agency has issued a final agency 
                determination or 180 days after the Administrator's 
                receipt of the appeal if the Administrator has not 
                provided the applicant with a final determination on 
                the appeal. The applicant's request shall contain 
                documentation from the administrative record for the 
                first appeal and may contain additional documentation 
                supporting the applicant's position.''.

SEC. 1220. UNIFIED FEDERAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION 
              REVIEW.

    (a) Review and Analysis.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall review the Unified 
Federal Environmental and Historic Preservation review process 
established pursuant to section 429 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster 
Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5189g), and submit a 
report to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the 
House of Representatives and the Committee on Homeland Security and 
Governmental Affairs of the Senate that includes the following:
            (1) An analysis of whether and how the unified process has 
        expedited the interagency review process to ensure compliance 
        with the environmental and historic requirements under Federal 
        law relating to disaster recovery projects.
            (2) A survey and analysis of categorical exclusions used by 
        other Federal agencies that may be applicable to any activity 
        related to a major disaster or emergency declared by the 
        President under section 401 or 501, respectively, of the Robert 
        T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 
        U.S.C. 5170, 5191).
            (3) Recommendations on any further actions, including any 
        legislative proposals, needed to expedite and streamline the 
        review process.
    (b) Regulations.--After completing the review, survey, and analyses 
under subsection (a), but not later than 2 years after the date of 
enactment of this Act, and after providing notice and opportunity for 
public comment, the Administrator shall issue regulations to implement 
any regulatory recommendations, including any categorical exclusions 
identified under subsection (a), to the extent that the categorical 
exclusions meet the criteria for a categorical exclusion under section 
1508.4 of title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, and section II of DHS 
Instruction Manual 023-01-001-01.

SEC. 1221. CLOSEOUT INCENTIVES.

    (a) Facilitating Closeout.--Section 705 of the Robert T. Stafford 
Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5205) is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(d) Facilitating Closeout.--
            ``(1) Incentives.--The Administrator of the Federal 
        Emergency Management Agency may develop incentives and 
        penalties that encourage State, local, or Indian tribal 
        governments to close out expenditures and activities on a 
        timely basis related to disaster or emergency assistance.
            ``(2) Agency requirements.--The Federal Emergency 
        Management Agency shall, consistent with applicable regulations 
        and required procedures, meet its responsibilities to improve 
        closeout practices and reduce the time to close disaster 
        program awards.''.
    (b) Regulations.--The Administrator shall issue regulations to 
implement the amendment made by this section.

SEC. 1222. PERFORMANCE OF SERVICES.

    Section 306 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency 
Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5149) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
    ``(c) The Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency 
is authorized to appoint temporary personnel, after serving 
continuously for 3 years, to positions in the Federal Emergency 
Management Agency in the same manner that competitive service employees 
with competitive status are considered for transfer, reassignment, or 
promotion to such positions. An individual appointed under this 
subsection shall become a career-conditional employee, unless the 
employee has already completed the service requirements for career 
tenure.''.

SEC. 1223. STUDY TO STREAMLINE AND CONSOLIDATE INFORMATION COLLECTION.

    Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator--
            (1) in coordination with the Small Business Administration, 
        the Department of Housing and Urban Development, the Disaster 
        Assistance Working Group of the Council of the Inspectors 
        General on Integrity and Efficiency, and other appropriate 
        agencies, conduct a study and develop a plan, consistent with 
        law, under which the collection of information from disaster 
        assistance applicants and grantees will be modified, 
        streamlined, expedited, efficient, flexible, consolidated, and 
        simplified to be less burdensome, duplicative, and time 
        consuming for applicants and grantees;
            (2) in coordination with the Small Business Administration, 
        the Department of Housing and Urban Development, the Disaster 
        Assistance Working Group of the Council of the Inspectors 
        General on Integrity and Efficiency, and other appropriate 
        agencies, develop a plan for the regular collection and 
        reporting of information on Federal disaster assistance 
        awarded, including the establishment and maintenance of a 
        website for presenting the information to the public; and
            (3) submit the plans developed under paragraphs (1) and (2) 
        to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the 
        House of Representatives and the Committee on Homeland Security 
        and Governmental Affairs of the Senate.

SEC. 1224. AGENCY ACCOUNTABILITY.

    Title IV of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency 
Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end 
the following:

``SEC. 430. AGENCY ACCOUNTABILITY.

    ``(a) Public Assistance.--Not later than 5 days after an award of a 
public assistance grant is made under section 406 that is in excess of 
$1,000,000, the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management 
Agency shall publish on the website of the Federal Emergency Management 
Agency the specifics of each such grant award, including--
            ``(1) identifying the Federal Emergency Management Agency 
        Region;
            ``(2) the disaster or emergency declaration number;
            ``(3) the State, county, and applicant name;
            ``(4) if the applicant is a private nonprofit organization;
            ``(5) the damage category code;
            ``(6) the amount of the Federal share obligated; and
            ``(7) the date of the award.
    ``(b) Mission Assignments.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than 5 days after the issuance 
        of a mission assignment or mission assignment task order, the 
        Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency shall 
        publish on the website of the Federal Emergency Management 
        Agency any mission assignment or mission assignment task order 
        to another Federal department or agency regarding a major 
        disaster in excess of $1,000,000, including--
                    ``(A) the name of the impacted State or Indian 
                Tribe;
                    ``(B) the disaster declaration for such State or 
                Indian Tribe;
                    ``(C) the assigned agency;
                    ``(D) the assistance requested;
                    ``(E) a description of the disaster;
                    ``(F) the total cost estimate;
                    ``(G) the amount obligated;
                    ``(H) the State or Indian tribal government cost 
                share, if applicable;
                    ``(I) the authority under which the mission 
                assignment or mission assignment task order was 
                directed; and
                    ``(J) if applicable, the date a State or Indian 
                Tribe requested the mission assignment.
            ``(2) Recording changes.--Not later than 10 days after the 
        last day of each month until a mission assignment or mission 
        assignment task order described in paragraph (1) is completed 
        and closed out, the Administrator of the Federal Emergency 
        Management Agency shall update any changes to the total cost 
        estimate and the amount obligated.
    ``(c) Disaster Relief Monthly Report.--Not later than 10 days after 
the first day of each month, the Administrator of the Federal Emergency 
Management Agency shall publish on the website of the Federal Emergency 
Management Agency reports, including a specific description of the 
methodology and the source data used in developing such reports, 
including--
            ``(1) an estimate of the amounts for the fiscal year 
        covered by the President's most recent budget pursuant to 
        section 1105(a) of title 31, United States Code, including--
                    ``(A) the unobligated balance of funds to be 
                carried over from the prior fiscal year to the budget 
                year;
                    ``(B) the unobligated balance of funds to be 
                carried over from the budget year to the budget year 
                plus 1;
                    ``(C) the amount of obligations for noncatastrophic 
                events for the budget year;
                    ``(D) the amount of obligations for the budget year 
                for catastrophic events delineated by event and by 
                State;
                    ``(E) the total amount that has been previously 
                obligated or will be required for catastrophic events 
                delineated by event and by State for all prior years, 
                the current fiscal year, the budget year, and each 
                fiscal year thereafter;
                    ``(F) the amount of previously obligated funds that 
                will be recovered for the budget year;
                    ``(G) the amount that will be required for 
                obligations for emergencies, as described in section 
                102(1), major disasters, as described in section 
                102(2), fire management assistance grants, as described 
                in section 420, surge activities, and disaster 
                readiness and support activities; and
                    ``(H) the amount required for activities not 
                covered under section 251(b)(2)(D)(iii) of the Balanced 
                Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (2 
                U.S.C. 901(b)(2)(D)(iii)); and
            ``(2) an estimate or actual amounts, if available, of the 
        following for the current fiscal year, which shall be submitted 
        not later than the fifth day of each month, published by the 
        Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency on the 
        website of the Federal Emergency Management Agency not later 
        than the fifth day of each month:
                    ``(A) A summary of the amount of appropriations 
                made available by source, the transfers executed, the 
                previously allocated funds recovered, and the 
                commitments, allocations, and obligations made.
                    ``(B) A table of disaster relief activity 
                delineated by month, including--
                            ``(i) the beginning and ending balances;
                            ``(ii) the total obligations to include 
                        amounts obligated for fire assistance, 
                        emergencies, surge, and disaster support 
                        activities;
                            ``(iii) the obligations for catastrophic 
                        events delineated by event and by State; and
                            ``(iv) the amount of previously obligated 
                        funds that are recovered.
                    ``(C) A summary of allocations, obligations, and 
                expenditures for catastrophic events delineated by 
                event.
                    ``(D) The cost of the following categories of 
                spending:
                            ``(i) Public assistance.
                            ``(ii) Individual assistance.
                            ``(iii) Mitigation.
                            ``(iv) Administrative.
                            ``(v) Operations.
                            ``(vi) Any other relevant category 
                        (including emergency measures and disaster 
                        resources) delineated by disaster.
                    ``(E) The date on which funds appropriated will be 
                exhausted.
    ``(d) Contracts.--
            ``(1) Information.--Not later than 10 days after the first 
        day of each month, the Administrator of the Federal Emergency 
        Management Agency shall publish on the website of the Federal 
        Emergency Management Agency the specifics of each contract in 
        excess of $1,000,000 that the Federal Emergency Management 
        Agency enters into, including--
                    ``(A) the name of the party;
                    ``(B) the date the contract was awarded;
                    ``(C) the amount and scope of the contract;
                    ``(D) if the contract was awarded through a 
                competitive bidding process;
                    ``(E) if no competitive bidding process was used, 
                the reason why competitive bidding was not used; and
                    ``(F) the authority used to bypass the competitive 
                bidding process.
        The information shall be delineated by disaster, if applicable, 
        and specify the damage category code, if applicable.
            ``(2) Report.--Not later than 10 days after the last day of 
        the fiscal year, the Administrator of the Federal Emergency 
        Management Agency shall provide a report to the appropriate 
        committees of Congress summarizing the following information 
        for the preceding fiscal year:
                    ``(A) The number of contracts awarded without 
                competitive bidding.
                    ``(B) The reasons why a competitive bidding process 
                was not used.
                    ``(C) The total amount of contracts awarded with no 
                competitive bidding.
                    ``(D) The damage category codes, if applicable, for 
                contracts awarded without competitive bidding.
    ``(e) Collection of Public Assistance Recipient and Subrecipient 
Contracts.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date 
        of enactment of this subsection, the Administrator of the 
        Federal Emergency Management Agency shall initiate and maintain 
        an effort to collect and store information, prior to the 
        project closeout phase on any contract entered into by a public 
        assistance recipient or subrecipient that through the base 
        award, available options, or any subsequent modifications has 
        an estimated value of more than $1,000,000 and is funded 
        through section 324, 403, 404, 406, 407, 428, or 502, 
        including--
                    ``(A) the disaster number, project worksheet 
                number, and the category of work associated with each 
                contract;
                    ``(B) the name of each party;
                    ``(C) the date the contract was awarded;
                    ``(D) the amount of the contract;
                    ``(E) the scope of the contract;
                    ``(F) the period of performance for the contract; 
                and
                    ``(G) whether the contract was awarded through a 
                competitive bidding process.
            ``(2) Availability of information collected.--The 
        Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency shall 
        make the information collected and stored under paragraph (1) 
        available to the Inspector General of the Department of 
        Homeland Security, the Government Accountability Office, and 
        appropriate committees of Congress, upon request.
            ``(3) Report.--Not later than 365 days after the date of 
        enactment of this subsection, the Administrator of the Federal 
        Emergency Management Agency shall submit a report to the 
        Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the 
        Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure 
        of the House of Representatives on the efforts of the Federal 
        Emergency Management Agency to collect the information 
        described in paragraph (1).''.

SEC. 1225. AUDIT OF CONTRACTS.

    Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Administrator of 
the Federal Emergency Management Agency shall not reimburse a State or 
local government, an Indian tribal government (as defined in section 
102 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance 
Act (42 U.S.C. 5122), or the owner or operator of a private nonprofit 
facility (as defined in section 102 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster 
Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5122) for any activities 
made pursuant to a contract entered into after August 1, 2017, that 
prohibits the Administrator or the Comptroller General of the United 
States from auditing or otherwise reviewing all aspects relating to the 
contract.

SEC. 1226. INSPECTOR GENERAL AUDIT OF FEMA CONTRACTS FOR TARPS AND 
              PLASTIC SHEETING.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 30 days after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Inspector General of the Department of Homeland 
Security shall initiate an audit of the contracts awarded by the Agency 
for tarps and plastic sheeting for the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and 
the United States Virgin Islands in response to Hurricane Irma and 
Hurricane Maria.
    (b) Considerations.--In carrying out the audit under subsection 
(a), the inspector general shall review--
            (1) the contracting process used by the Agency to evaluate 
        offerors and award the relevant contracts to contractors;
            (2) the assessment conducted by the Agency of the past 
        performance of the contractors, including any historical 
        information showing that the contractors had supported large-
        scale delivery quantities in the past;
            (3) the assessment conducted by the Agency of the capacity 
        of the contractors to carry out the relevant contracts, 
        including with respect to inventory, production, and financial 
        capabilities;
            (4) how the Agency ensured that the contractors met the 
        terms of the relevant contracts; and
            (5) whether the failure of the contractors to meet the 
        terms of the relevant contracts and the subsequent cancellation 
        by the Agency of the relevant contracts affected the provision 
        of tarps and plastic sheeting to the Commonwealth of Puerto 
        Rico and the United States Virgin Islands.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 270 days after the date of initiation 
of the audit under subsection (a), the inspector general shall submit 
to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of 
Representatives and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental 
Affairs of the Senate a report on the results of the audit, including 
findings and recommendations.

SEC. 1227. RELIEF ORGANIZATIONS.

    Section 309 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency 
Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5152) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``and other relief or'' 
        and inserting ``long-term recovery groups, domestic hunger 
        relief, and other relief, or''; and
            (2) in subsection (b), by striking ``and other relief or'' 
        and inserting ``long-term recovery groups, domestic hunger 
        relief, and other relief, or''.

SEC. 1228. GUIDANCE ON INUNDATED AND SUBMERGED ROADS.

    The Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, in 
coordination with the Administrator of the Federal Highway 
Administration, shall develop and issue guidance for State, local, and 
Indian tribal governments regarding repair, restoration, and 
replacement of inundated and submerged roads damaged or destroyed by a 
major disaster, and for associated expenses incurred by the Government, 
with respect to roads eligible for assistance under section 406 of the 
Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 
U.S.C. 5172).

SEC. 1229. EXTENSION OF ASSISTANCE.

    (a) In General.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, in the 
case of an individual eligible to receive unemployment assistance under 
section 410(a) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency 
Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5177(a)) as a result of a disaster 
declaration made for Hurricane Irma and Hurricane Maria in the 
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and the United States Virgin Islands, the 
President shall make such assistance available for 52 weeks after the 
date of the disaster declaration effective as if enacted at the time of 
the disaster declaration.
    (b) No Additional Funds Authorized.--No additional funds are 
authorized to carry out the requirements of this section.

SEC. 1230. GUIDANCE AND RECOMMENDATIONS.

    (a) Guidance.--The Administrator shall provide guidance to a common 
interest community that provides essential services of a governmental 
nature on actions that a common interest community may take in order to 
be eligible to receive reimbursement from a grantee that receives funds 
from the Agency for certain activities performed after an event that 
results in a major disaster declared by the President under section 401 
of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act 
(42 U.S.C. 5170).
    (b) Recommendations.--Not later than 90 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall provide to the Committee 
on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives 
and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the 
Senate a legislative proposal on how to provide eligibility for 
disaster assistance with respect to common areas of condominiums and 
housing cooperatives.
    (c) Effective Date.--This section shall be effective on the date of 
enactment of this Act.

SEC. 1231. GUIDANCE ON HAZARD MITIGATION ASSISTANCE.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall issue guidance regarding 
the acquisition of property for open space as a mitigation measure 
under section 404 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and 
Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170c) that includes--
            (1) a process by which the State hazard mitigation officer 
        appointed for such an acquisition shall, not later than 60 days 
        after the applicant for assistance enters into an agreement 
        with the Administrator regarding the acquisition, provide 
        written notification to each affected unit of local government 
        for such acquisition that includes--
                    (A) the location of the acquisition;
                    (B) the State-local assistance agreement for the 
                hazard mitigation grant program;
                    (C) a description of the acquisition; and
                    (D) a copy of the deed restriction; and
            (2) recommendations for entering into and implementing a 
        memorandum of understanding between units of local government 
        and covered entities that includes provisions to allow an 
        affected unit of local government notified under paragraph (1) 
        to--
                    (A) use and maintain the open space created by such 
                a project, consistent with section 404 (including 
                related regulations, standards, and guidance) and 
                consistent with all adjoining property, subject to the 
                notification of the adjoining property, so long as the 
                cost of the maintenance is borne by the local 
                government; and
                    (B) maintain the open space pursuant to standards 
                exceeding any local government standards defined in the 
                agreement with the Administrator described under 
                paragraph (1).
    (b) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Affected unit of local government.--The term ``affected 
        unit of local government'' means any entity covered by the 
        definition of local government in section 102 of the Robert T. 
        Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 
        U.S.C. 5122), that has jurisdiction over the property subject 
        to the acquisition described in subsection (a).
            (2) Covered entity.--The term ``covered entity'' means--
                    (A) the grantee or subgrantee receiving assistance 
                for an open space project described in subsection (a);
                    (B) the State in which such project is located; and
                    (C) the applicable Regional Administrator of the 
                Agency.

SEC. 1232. LOCAL IMPACT.

    (a) In General.--In making recommendations to the President 
regarding a major disaster declaration, the Administrator of the 
Federal Emergency Management Agency shall give greater consideration to 
severe local impact or recent multiple disasters. Further, the 
Administrator shall make corresponding adjustments to the Agency's 
policies and regulations regarding such consideration. Not later than 1 
year after the date of enactment of this section, the Administrator 
shall report to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of 
the House of Representatives and the Committee on Homeland Security and 
Governmental Affairs of the Senate on the changes made to regulations 
and policies and the number of declarations that have been declared 
based on the new criteria.
    (b) Effective Date.--This section shall be effective on the date of 
enactment of this Act.

SEC. 1233. ADDITIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION ACTIVITIES.

    Section 404 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency 
Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170c), as amended by this division, is 
further amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(g) Use of Assistance for Earthquake Hazards.--Recipients of 
hazard mitigation assistance provided under this section and section 
203 may use the assistance to conduct activities to help reduce the 
risk of future damage, hardship, loss, or suffering in any area 
affected by earthquake hazards, including--
            ``(1) improvements to regional seismic networks in support 
        of building a capability for earthquake early warning;
            ``(2) improvements to geodetic networks in support of 
        building a capability for earthquake early warning; and
            ``(3) improvements to seismometers, Global Positioning 
        System receivers, and associated infrastructure in support of 
        building a capability for earthquake early warning.''.

SEC. 1234. NATIONAL PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE PREDISASTER HAZARD 
              MITIGATION.

    (a) Predisaster Hazard Mitigation.--Section 203 of the Robert T. 
Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5133) 
is amended--
            (1) in subsection (c) by inserting ``Public 
        Infrastructure'' after ``the National'';
            (2) in subsection (e)(1)(B)--
                    (A) by striking ``or'' at the end of clause (ii);
                    (B) by striking the period at the end of clause 
                (iii) and inserting ``; or''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(iv) to establish and carry out 
                        enforcement activities and implement the latest 
                        published editions of relevant consensus-based 
                        codes, specifications, and standards that 
                        incorporate the latest hazard-resistant designs 
                        and establish minimum acceptable criteria for 
                        the design, construction, and maintenance of 
                        residential structures and facilities that may 
                        be eligible for assistance under this Act for 
                        the purpose of protecting the health, safety, 
                        and general welfare of the buildings' users 
                        against disasters.'';
            (3) in subsection (f)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1) by inserting ``for mitigation 
                activities that are cost effective'' after 
                ``competitive basis''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) Redistribution of unobligated amounts.--The President 
        may--
                    ``(A) withdraw amounts of financial assistance made 
                available to a State (including amounts made available 
                to local governments of a State) under this subsection 
                that remain unobligated by the end of the third fiscal 
                year after the fiscal year for which the amounts were 
                allocated; and
                    ``(B) in the fiscal year following a fiscal year in 
                which amounts were withdrawn under subparagraph (A), 
                add the amounts to any other amounts available to be 
                awarded on a competitive basis pursuant to paragraph 
                (1).'';
            (4) in subsection (g)--
                    (A) by inserting ``provide financial assistance 
                only in States that have received a major disaster 
                declaration in the previous 7 years, or to any Indian 
                tribal government located partially or entirely within 
                the boundaries of such States, and'' after ``the 
                President shall'';
                    (B) in paragraph (9) by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (C) by redesignating paragraph (10) as paragraph 
                (12); and
                    (D) by adding after paragraph (9) the following:
            ``(10) the extent to which the State, local, Indian tribal, 
        or territorial government has facilitated the adoption and 
        enforcement of the latest published editions of relevant 
        consensus-based codes, specifications, and standards, including 
        amendments made by State, local, Indian tribal, or territorial 
        governments during the adoption process that incorporate the 
        latest hazard-resistant designs and establish criteria for the 
        design, construction, and maintenance of residential structures 
        and facilities that may be eligible for assistance under this 
        Act for the purpose of protecting the health, safety, and 
        general welfare of the buildings' users against disasters;
            ``(11) the extent to which the assistance will fund 
        activities that increase the level of resiliency; and'';
            (5) by striking subsection (i) and inserting the following:
    ``(i) National Public Infrastructure Predisaster Mitigation 
Assistance.--
            ``(1) In general.--The President may set aside from the 
        Disaster Relief Fund, with respect to each major disaster, an 
        amount equal to 6 percent of the estimated aggregate amount of 
        the grants to be made pursuant to sections 403, 406, 407, 408, 
        410, 416, and 428 for the major disaster in order to provide 
        technical and financial assistance under this section and such 
        set aside shall be deemed to be related to activities carried 
        out pursuant to major disasters under this Act.
            ``(2) Estimated aggregate amount.--Not later than 180 days 
        after each major disaster declaration pursuant to this Act, the 
        estimated aggregate amount of grants for purposes of paragraph 
        (1) shall be determined by the President and such estimated 
        amount need not be reduced, increased, or changed due to 
        variations in estimates.
            ``(3) No reduction in amounts.--The amount set aside 
        pursuant to paragraph (1) shall not reduce the amounts 
        otherwise made available for sections 403, 404, 406, 407, 408, 
        410, 416, and 428 under this Act.''; and
            (6) by striking subsections (j) and (m);
            (7) by redesignating subsections (k), (l), and (n) as 
        subsections (j), (k), and (l), respectively and
            (8) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(m) Latest Published Editions.--For purposes of subsections 
(e)(1)(B)(iv) and (g)(10), the term `latest published editions' means, 
with respect to relevant consensus-based codes, specifications, and 
standards, the 2 most recently published editions.''.
    (b) Applicability.--The amendments made to section 203 of the 
Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 
U.S.C. 5133) by paragraphs (3) and (5) of subsection (a) shall apply to 
funds appropriated on or after the date of enactment of this Act.
    (c) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) all funding expended from the National Public 
        Infrastructure Predisaster Mitigation Assistance created by 
        Section 203(i)(1) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and 
        Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5133), as added by this 
        section, shall not be considered part of FEMA's regular 
        appropriations for non-Stafford activities, also known as the 
        Federal Emergency Management Agency's Disaster Relief Fund 
        base; and
            (2) the President should have the funds related to the 
        National Public Infrastructure Predisaster Mitigation 
        Assistance created by Section 203(i)(1) of the Robert T. 
        Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 
        U.S.C. 5133), as added by this section, identified in and 
        allocated from the Federal Emergency Management Agency's 
        Disaster Relief Fund for major disasters declared pursuant to 
        the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance 
        Act (42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.).
    (d) Sunset.--On the date that is 5 years after the date of 
enactment of this Act, section 203 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster 
Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5133) is amended by 
striking subsection (m), as added by subsection (a)(8) of this section.

SEC. 1235. ADDITIONAL MITIGATION ACTIVITIES.

    (a) Hazard Mitigation Clarification.--Section 404(a) of the Robert 
T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 
5170c(a)) is amended by striking the first sentence and inserting the 
following: ``The President may contribute up to 75 percent of the cost 
of hazard mitigation measures which the President has determined are 
cost effective and which substantially reduce the risk of, or increase 
resilience to, future damage, hardship, loss, or suffering in any area 
affected by a major disaster.''.
    (b) Eligible Cost.--Section 406(e)(1)(A) of the Robert T. Stafford 
Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5172(e)(1)(A)) 
is amended--
            (1) in the matter preceding clause (i), by inserting after 
        ``section,'' the following: ``for disasters declared on or 
        after August 1, 2017, or a disaster in which a cost estimate 
        has not yet been finalized for a project, or for any project 
        for which the finalized cost estimate is on appeal,'';
            (2) in clause (i), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (3) in clause (ii)--
                    (A) by striking ``codes, specifications, and 
                standards'' and inserting ``the latest published 
                editions of relevant consensus-based codes, 
                specifications, and standards that incorporate the 
                latest hazard-resistant designs and establish minimum 
                acceptable criteria for the design, construction, and 
                maintenance of residential structures and facilities 
                that may be eligible for assistance under this Act for 
                the purposes of protecting the health, safety, and 
                general welfare of a facility's users against 
                disasters'';
                    (B) by striking ``applicable at the time at which 
                the disaster occurred''; and
                    (C) by striking the period at the end and inserting 
                ``; and''; and
            (4) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(iii) in a manner that allows the 
                        facility to meet the definition of resilient 
                        developed pursuant to this subsection.''.
    (c) Other Eligible Cost.--Section 406(e)(1) of the Robert T. 
Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 
5172(e)(1)) is further amended by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(C) Contributions.--Contributions for the 
                eligible cost made under this section may be provided 
                on an actual cost basis or on cost-estimation 
                procedures.''.
    (d) New Rules.--Section 406(e) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster 
Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5172(e)) is further 
amended by adding at the end the following:
            ``(5) New rules.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Not later than 18 months after 
                the date of enactment of this paragraph, the President, 
                acting through the Administrator of the Federal 
                Emergency Management Agency, and in consultation with 
                the heads of relevant Federal departments and agencies, 
                shall issue a final rulemaking that defines the terms 
                `resilient' and `resiliency' for purposes of this 
                subsection.
                    ``(B) Interim guidance.--Not later than 60 days 
                after the date of enactment of this paragraph, the 
                Administrator shall issue interim guidance to implement 
                this subsection. Such interim guidance shall expire 18 
                months after the date of enactment of this paragraph or 
                upon issuance of final regulations pursuant to 
                subparagraph (A), whichever occurs first.
                    ``(C) Guidance.--Not later than 90 days after the 
                date on which the Administrator issues the final 
                rulemaking under this paragraph, the Administrator 
                shall issue any necessary guidance related to the 
                rulemaking.
                    ``(D) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the 
                date of enactment of this paragraph, the Administrator 
                shall submit to Congress a report summarizing the 
                regulations and guidance issued pursuant to this 
                paragraph.''.
    (e) Conforming Amendment.--Section 205(d)(2) of the Disaster 
Mitigation Act of 2000 (42 U.S.C. 5172 note) is amended by inserting 
``(B)'' after ``except that paragraph (1)''.

SEC. 1236. GUIDANCE AND TRAINING BY FEMA ON COORDINATION OF EMERGENCY 
              RESPONSE PLANS.

    (a) Training Requirement.--The Administrator, in coordination with 
other relevant agencies, shall provide guidance and training on an 
annual basis to State, local, and Indian tribal governments, first 
responders, and facilities that store hazardous materials on 
coordination of emergency response plans in the event of a major 
disaster or emergency, including severe weather events. The guidance 
and training shall include the following:
            (1) Providing a list of equipment required in the event a 
        hazardous substance is released into the environment.
            (2) Outlining the health risks associated with exposure to 
        hazardous substances to improve treatment response.
            (3) Publishing best practices for mitigating further danger 
        to communities from hazardous substances.
    (b) Implementation.--The requirement of subsection (a) shall be 
implemented not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this 
Act.

SEC. 1237. CERTAIN RECOUPMENT PROHIBITED.

    (a) In General.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the 
Agency shall deem any covered disaster assistance to have been properly 
procured, provided, and utilized, and shall restore any funding of 
covered disaster assistance previously provided but subsequently 
withdrawn or deobligated.
    (b) Covered Disaster Assistance Defined.--In this section, the term 
``covered disaster assistance'' means assistance--
            (1) provided to a local government pursuant to section 403, 
        406, or 407 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and 
        Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170b, 5172, or 5173); and
            (2) with respect to which the inspector general of the 
        Department of Homeland Security has determined, after an audit, 
        that--
                    (A) the Agency deployed to the local government a 
                Technical Assistance Contractor to review field 
                operations, provide eligibility advice, and assist with 
                day-to-day decisions;
                    (B) the Technical Assistance Contractor provided 
                inaccurate information to the local government; and
                    (C) the local government relied on the inaccurate 
                information to determine that relevant contracts were 
                eligible, reasonable, and reimbursable.
    (c) Effective Date.--This section shall be effective on the date of 
enactment of this Act.

SEC. 1238. FEDERAL ASSISTANCE TO INDIVIDUALS AND HOUSEHOLDS AND 
              NONPROFIT FACILITIES.

    (a) Critical Document Fee Waiver.--
            (1) In general.--Notwithstanding section 1 of the Passport 
        Act of June 4, 1920 (22 U.S.C. 214) or any other provision of 
        law, the President, in consultation with the Governor of a 
        State, may provide a waiver under this subsection to an 
        individual or household described in section 408(e)(1) of the 
        Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act 
        (42 U.S.C. 5174(e)(1)) for the following document replacement 
        fees:
                    (A) The passport application fee for individuals 
                who lost their United States passport in a major 
                disaster within the preceding three calendar years.
                    (B) The file search fee for a United States 
                passport.
                    (C) The Application for Waiver of Passport and/or 
                Visa form (Form I-193) fee.
                    (D) The Permanent Resident Card replacement form 
                (Form I-90) filing fee.
                    (E) The Declaration of Intention form (Form N-300) 
                filing fee.
                    (F) The Naturalization/Citizenship Document 
                replacement form (Form N-565) filing fee.
                    (G) The Employment Authorization form (Form I-765) 
                filing fee.
                    (H) The biometric service fee.
            (2) Exemption from form requirement.--The authority of the 
        President to waive fees under subparagraphs (C) through (H) of 
        paragraph (1) applies regardless of whether the individual or 
        household qualifies for a Form I-912 Request for Fee Waiver, or 
        any successor thereto.
            (3) Exemption from assistance maximum.--The assistance 
        limit in section 408(h) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster 
        Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5174(h)) shall 
        not apply to any fee waived under this subsection.
            (4) Report.--Not later than 365 days after the date of 
        enactment of this subsection, the Administrator and the head of 
        any other agency given critical document fee waiver authority 
        under this subsection shall submit a report to the Committee on 
        Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and 
        the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House 
        of Representatives on the costs associated with providing 
        critical document fee waivers as described in paragraph (1).
    (b) Federal Assistance to Private Nonprofit Childcare Facilities.--
Section 102(11)(A) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and 
Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5122(11)(A)) is amended--
            (1) in the second subparagraph (A) (as added by Public Law 
        115-123), by inserting ``center-based childcare,'' after 
        ``facility),''; and
            (2) in the first subparagraph (A), by striking ``(a) in 
        general.--The term `private nonprofit facility' means private 
        nonprofit educational, utility'' and all that follows through 
        ``President.''.
    (c) Applicability.--The amendment made by subsection (b)(1) shall 
apply to any major disaster or emergency declared by the President 
under section 401 or 501, respectively, of the Robert T. Stafford 
Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170, 5191) on 
or after the date of enactment of this Act.

SEC. 1239. COST OF ASSISTANCE ESTIMATES.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 270 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall review the factors 
considered when evaluating a request for a major disaster declaration 
under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance 
Act (42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.), specifically the estimated cost of the 
assistance, and provide a report and briefing to the Committee on 
Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the 
Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of 
Representatives.
    (b) Rulemaking.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator shall review and initiate a rulemaking 
to update the factors considered when evaluating a Governor's request 
for a major disaster declaration, including reviewing how the Agency 
estimates the cost of major disaster assistance, and consider other 
impacts on the capacity of a jurisdiction to respond to disasters. In 
determining the capacity of a jurisdiction to respond to disasters, and 
prior to the issuance of such a rule, the Administrator shall engage in 
meaningful consultation with relevant representatives of State, 
regional, local, and Indian tribal government stakeholders.

SEC. 1240. REPORT ON INSURANCE SHORTFALLS.

    Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this section, 
and each year thereafter until 2023, the Administrator of the Federal 
Emergency Management Agency shall submit a report to Congress on the 
number of instances and the estimated amounts involved, by State, for 
cases in which self-insurance amounts have been insufficient to address 
flood damages.

SEC. 1241. POST DISASTER BUILDING SAFETY ASSESSMENT.

    (a) Building Safety Assessment Team.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator shall coordinate with 
        State and local governments and organizations representing 
        design professionals, such as architects and engineers, to 
        develop guidance, including best practices, for post-disaster 
        assessment of buildings by licensed architects and engineers to 
        ensure the design professionals properly analyze the structural 
        integrity and livability of buildings and structures.
            (2) Publication.--The Administrator shall publish the 
        guidance required to be developed under paragraph (1) not later 
        than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act.
    (b) National Incident Management System.--The Administrator shall 
revise or issue guidance as required to the National Incident 
Management System Resource Management component to ensure the functions 
of post-disaster building safety assessment, such as those functions 
performed by design professionals are accurately resource typed within 
the National Incident Management System.
    (c) Effective Date.--This section shall be effective on the date of 
enactment of this Act.

SEC. 1242. FEMA UPDATES ON NATIONAL PREPAREDNESS ASSESSMENT.

    Not later than 6 months after the date of enactment of this Act, 
and every 6 months thereafter until completion, the Administrator shall 
submit to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs 
of the Senate and the Committees on Transportation and Infrastructure 
and Homeland Security of the House of Representatives an update on the 
progress of the Agency in completing action 6 with respect to the 
report published by the Government Accountability Office entitled 
``2012 Annual Report: Opportunities to Reduce Duplication, Overlap and 
Fragmentation, Achieve Savings, and Enhance Revenue'' (February 28, 
2012), which recommends the Agency to--
            (1) complete a national preparedness assessment of 
        capability gaps at each level based on tiered, capability-
        specific performance objectives to enable prioritization of 
        grant funding; and
            (2) identify the potential costs for establishing and 
        maintaining those capabilities at each level and determine what 
        capabilities Federal agencies should provide.

SEC. 1243. FEMA REPORT ON DUPLICATION IN NON-NATURAL DISASTER 
              PREPAREDNESS GRANT PROGRAMS.

    Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Administrator shall submit to the Committees on Homeland Security 
and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committees on 
Transportation and Infrastructure and Homeland Security of the House of 
Representatives a report on the results of the efforts of the Agency to 
identify and prevent unnecessary duplication within and across the non-
natural disaster preparedness grant programs of the Agency, as 
recommended in the report published by the Government Accountability 
Office entitled ``2012 Annual Report: Opportunities to Reduce 
Duplication, Overlap and Fragmentation, Achieve Savings, and Enhance 
Revenue'' (February 28, 2012), including with respect to--
            (1) the Urban Area Security Initiative established under 
        section 2003 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 
        604);
            (2) the Port Security Grant Program authorized under 
        section 70107 of title 46, United States Code;
            (3) the State Homeland Security Grant Program established 
        under section 2004 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 
        U.S.C. 605); and
            (4) the Transit Security Grant Program authorized under 
        titles XIV and XV of the Implementing Recommendations of the 9/
        11 Commission Act of 2007 (6 U.S.C. 1131 et seq.).

SEC. 1244. STUDY AND REPORT.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator shall enter into a contract with the 
National Academy of Medicine to conduct a study and prepare a report as 
described in subsection (b).
    (b) Study and Report.--
            (1) Study.--
                    (A) In general.--The study described in this 
                subsection shall be a study of matters concerning best 
                practices in mortality counts as a result of a major 
                disaster (as defined in section 102 of the Robert T. 
                Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act 
                (42 U.S.C. 5122)).
                    (B) Contents.--The study described in this 
                subsection shall address approaches to quantifying 
                mortality and significant morbidity among populations 
                affected by major disasters, which shall include best 
                practices and policy recommendations for--
                            (i) equitable and timely attribution, in 
                        order to facilitate access to available 
                        benefits, among other things;
                            (ii) timely prospective tracking of 
                        population levels of mortality and significant 
                        morbidity, and their causes, in order to 
                        continuously inform response efforts; and
                            (iii) a retrospective study of disaster-
                        related mortality and significant morbidity to 
                        inform after-action analysis and improve 
                        subsequent preparedness efforts.
            (2) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date on which 
        the contract described in subsection (a) is entered into, the 
        National Academy of Medicine shall complete and transmit to the 
        Administrator a report on the study described in paragraph (1).
    (c) No Additional Funds Authorized.--No additional funds are 
authorized to carry out the requirements of this section.

SEC. 1245. REVIEW OF ASSISTANCE FOR DAMAGED UNDERGROUND WATER 
              INFRASTRUCTURE.

    (a) Definition of Public Assistance Grant Program.--The term 
``public assistance grant program'' means the public assistance grant 
program authorized under sections 403, 406, 407, 428, and 502(a) of the 
Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 
U.S.C. 5170b, 5172, 5173, 5192(a)).
    (b) Review and Briefing.--Not later than 60 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall--
            (1) conduct a review of the assessment and eligibility 
        process under the public assistance grant program with respect 
        to assistance provided for damaged underground water 
        infrastructure as a result of a major disaster declared under 
        section 401 of such Act (42 U.S.C. 5170), including wildfires, 
        and shall include the extent to which local technical 
        memoranda, prepared by a local unit of government in 
        consultation with the relevant State or Federal agencies, 
        identified damaged underground water infrastructure that should 
        be eligible for the public assistance grant program; and
            (2) provide to the Committee on Homeland Security and 
        Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on 
        Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of 
        Representatives a briefing on the review conducted under 
        paragraph (1).
    (c) Report and Recommendations.--The Administrator shall--
            (1) not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of 
        this Act, issue a report on the review conducted under 
        subsection (b)(1); and
            (2) not later than 180 days after the date on which the 
        Administrator issues the report required under paragraph (1), 
        initiate a rulemaking, if appropriate, to address any 
        recommendations contained in the report.

SEC. 1246. EXTENSION.

    The Administrator shall extend the deadlines to implement the 
reasonable and prudent alternative outlined in the jeopardy biological 
opinion dated April 14, 2016, by up to 3 years from the date of 
enactment of this Act. Within 18 months from the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the Committee on Homeland 
Security and Governmental Affairs, the Committee on Banking, Housing, 
and Urban Affairs, and the Committee on Environment and Public Works of 
the Senate; and the Committee on Homeland Security, the Committee on 
Natural Resources, and the Committee on Transportation and 
Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a report on the status 
of implementing these reasonable and prudent alternatives.

                      DIVISION E--CONCRETE MASONRY

SEC. 1301. SHORT TITLE.

    This division may be cited as the ``Concrete Masonry Products 
Research, Education, and Promotion Act of 2018''.

SEC. 1302. DECLARATION OF POLICY.

    (a) Purpose.--The purpose of this division is to authorize the 
establishment of an orderly program for developing, financing, and 
carrying out an effective, continuous, and coordinated program of 
research, education, and promotion, including funds for marketing and 
market research activities, that is designed to--
            (1) strengthen the position of the concrete masonry 
        products industry in the domestic marketplace;
            (2) maintain, develop, and expand markets and uses for 
        concrete masonry products in the domestic marketplace; and
            (3) promote the use of concrete masonry products in 
        construction and building.
    (b) Limitation.--Nothing in this division may be construed to 
provide for the control of production or otherwise limit the right of 
any person to manufacture concrete masonry products.

SEC. 1303. DEFINITIONS.

    For the purposes of this division:
            (1) Block machine.--The term ``block machine'' means a 
        piece of equipment that utilizes vibration and compaction to 
        form concrete masonry products.
            (2) Board.--The term ``Board'' means the Concrete Masonry 
        Products Board established under section 1305.
            (3) Cavity.--The term ``cavity'' means the open space in 
        the mold of a block machine capable of forming a single 
        concrete masonry unit having nominal plan dimensions of 8 
        inches by 16 inches.
            (4) Concrete masonry products.--The term ``concrete masonry 
        products'' refers to a broader class of products, including 
        concrete masonry units as well as hardscape products such as 
        concrete pavers and segmental retaining wall units, 
        manufactured on a block machine using dry-cast concrete.
            (5) Concrete masonry unit.--The term ``concrete masonry 
        unit''--
                    (A) means a concrete masonry product that is a 
                manmade masonry unit having an actual width of 3 inches 
                or greater and manufactured from dry-cast concrete 
                using a block machine; and
                    (B) includes concrete block and related concrete 
                units used in masonry applications.
            (6) Conflict of interest.--The term ``conflict of 
        interest'' means, with respect to a member or employee of the 
        Board, a situation in which such member or employee has a 
        direct or indirect financial or other interest in a person that 
        performs a service for, or enters into a contract with, for 
        anything of economic value.
            (7) Department.--The term ``Department'' means the 
        Department of Commerce.
            (8) Dry-cast concrete.--The term ``dry-cast concrete'' 
        means a composite material that is composed essentially of 
        aggregates embedded in a binding medium composed of a mixture 
        of cementitious materials (including hydraulic cement, 
        pozzolans, or other cementitious materials) and water of such a 
        consistency to maintain its shape after forming in a block 
        machine.
            (9) Education.--The term ``education'' means programs that 
        will educate or communicate the benefits of concrete masonry 
        products in safe and environmentally sustainable development, 
        advancements in concrete masonry product technology and 
        development, and other information and programs designed to 
        generate increased demand for commercial, residential, 
        multifamily, and institutional projects using concrete masonry 
        products and to generally enhance the image of concrete masonry 
        products.
            (10) Machine cavities.--The term ``machine cavities'' means 
        the cavities with which a block machine could be equipped.
            (11) Machine cavities in operation.--The term ``machine 
        cavities in operation'' means those machine cavities associated 
        with a block machine that have produced concrete masonry units 
        within the last 6 months of the date set for determining 
        eligibility and is fully operable and capable of producing 
        concrete masonry units.
            (12) Manufacturer.--The term ``manufacturer'' means any 
        person engaged in the manufacturing of commercial concrete 
        masonry products in the United States.
            (13) Masonry unit.--The term ``masonry unit'' means a 
        noncombustible building product intended to be laid by hand or 
        joined using mortar, grout, surface bonding, post-tensioning or 
        some combination of these methods.
            (14) Order.--The term ``order'' means an order issued under 
        section 1304.
            (15) Person.--The term ``person'' means any individual, 
        group of individuals, partnership, corporation, association, 
        cooperative, or any other entity.
            (16) Promotion.--The term ``promotion'' means any action, 
        including paid advertising, to advance the image and 
        desirability of concrete masonry products with the express 
        intent of improving the competitive position and stimulating 
        sales of concrete masonry products in the marketplace.
            (17) Research.--The term ``research'' means studies testing 
        the effectiveness of market development and promotion efforts, 
        studies relating to the improvement of concrete masonry 
        products and new product development, and studies documenting 
        the performance of concrete masonry.
            (18) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary 
        of Commerce.
            (19) United states.--The term ``United States'' means the 
        several States and the District of Columbia.

SEC. 1304. ISSUANCE OF ORDERS.

    (a) In General.--
            (1) Issuance.--The Secretary, subject to the procedures 
        provided in subsection (b), shall issue orders under this 
        division applicable to manufacturers of concrete masonry 
        products.
            (2) Scope.--Any order shall be national in scope.
            (3) One order.--Not more than 1 order shall be in effect at 
        any one time.
    (b) Procedures.--
            (1) Development or receipt of proposed order.--A proposed 
        order with respect to the generic research, education, and 
        promotion with regards to concrete masonry products may be--
                    (A) proposed by the Secretary at any time; or
                    (B) requested by or submitted to the Secretary by--
                            (i) an existing national organization of 
                        concrete masonry product manufacturers; or
                            (ii) any person that may be affected by the 
                        issuance of an order.
            (2) Publication of proposed order.--If the Secretary 
        determines that a proposed order received in accordance with 
        paragraph (1)(B) is consistent with and will effectuate the 
        purpose of this division, the Secretary shall publish such 
        proposed order in the Federal Register not later than 90 days 
        after receiving the order, and give not less than 30 days 
        notice and opportunity for public comment on the proposed 
        order.
            (3) Issuance of order.--
                    (A) In general.--After notice and opportunity for 
                public comment are provided in accordance with 
                paragraph (2), the Secretary shall issue the order, 
                taking into consideration the comments received and 
                including in the order such provisions as are necessary 
                to ensure that the order is in conformity with this 
                division.
                    (B) Effective date.--If there is an affirmative 
                vote in a referendum as provided in section 1307, the 
                Secretary shall issue the order and such order shall be 
                effective not later than 140 days after publication of 
                the proposed order.
    (c) Amendments.--The Secretary may, from time to time, amend an 
order. The provisions of this division applicable to an order shall be 
applicable to any amendment to an order.

SEC. 1305. REQUIRED TERMS IN ORDERS.

    (a) In General.--Any order issued under this division shall contain 
the terms and provisions specified in this section.
    (b) Concrete Masonry Products Board.--
            (1) Establishment and membership.--
                    (A) Establishment.--The order shall provide for the 
                establishment of a Concrete Masonry Products Board to 
                carry out a program of generic promotion, research, and 
                education regarding concrete masonry products.
                    (B) Membership.--
                            (i) Number of members.--The Board shall 
                        consist of not fewer than 15 and not more than 
                        25 members.
                            (ii) Appointment.--The members of the Board 
                        shall be appointed by the Secretary from 
                        nominations submitted as provided in the order.
                            (iii) Composition.--The Board shall consist 
                        of manufacturers. No employee of an industry 
                        trade organization exempt from tax under 
                        paragraph (3) or (6) of section 501(c) of the 
                        Internal Revenue Code of 1986 representing the 
                        concrete masonry industry or related industries 
                        shall serve as a member of the Board and no 
                        member of the Board may serve concurrently as 
                        an officer of the board of directors of a 
                        national concrete masonry products industry 
                        trade association. Only 2 individuals from any 
                        single company or its affiliates may serve on 
                        the Board at any one time.
            (2) Distribution of appointments.--
                    (A) Representation.--To ensure fair and equitable 
                representation of the concrete masonry products 
                industry, the composition of the Board shall reflect 
                the geographical distribution of the manufacture of 
                concrete masonry products in the United States, the 
                types of concrete masonry products manufactured, and 
                the range in size of manufacturers in the United 
                States.
                    (B) Adjustment in board representation.--Three 
                years after the assessment of concrete masonry products 
                commences pursuant to an order, and at the end of each 
                3-year period thereafter, the Board, subject to the 
                review and approval of the Secretary, shall, if 
                warranted, recommend to the Secretary the 
                reapportionment of the Board membership to reflect 
                changes in the geographical distribution of the 
                manufacture of concrete masonry products and the types 
                of concrete masonry products manufactured.
            (3) Nominations process.--The Secretary may make 
        appointments from nominations by manufacturers pursuant to the 
        method set forth in the order.
            (4) Failure to appoint.--If the Secretary fails to make an 
        appointment to the Board within 60 days of receiving 
        nominations for such appointment, the first nominee for such 
        appointment shall be deemed appointed, unless the Secretary 
        provides reasonable justification for the delay to the Board 
        and to Congress and provides a reasonable date by which 
        approval or disapproval will be made.
            (5) Alternates.--The order shall provide for the selection 
        of alternate members of the Board by the Secretary in 
        accordance with procedures specified in the order.
            (6) Terms.--
                    (A) In general.--The members and any alternates of 
                the Board shall each serve for a term of 3 years, 
                except that members and any alternates initially 
                appointed to the Board shall serve for terms of not 
                more than 2, 3, and 4 years, as specified by the order.
                    (B) Limitation on consecutive terms.--A member or 
                an alternate may serve not more than 2 consecutive 
                terms.
                    (C) Continuation of term.--Notwithstanding 
                subparagraph (B), each member or alternate shall 
                continue to serve until a successor is appointed by the 
                Secretary.
                    (D) Vacancies.--A vacancy arising before the 
                expiration of a term of office of an incumbent member 
                or alternate of the Board shall be filled in a manner 
                provided for in the order.
            (7) Disqualification from board service.--The order shall 
        provide that if a member or alternate of the Board who was 
        appointed as a manufacturer ceases to qualify as a 
        manufacturer, such member or alternate shall be disqualified 
        from serving on the Board.
            (8) Compensation.--
                    (A) In general.--Members and any alternates of the 
                Board shall serve without compensation.
                    (B) Travel expenses.--If approved by the Board, 
                members or alternates shall be reimbursed for 
                reasonable travel expenses, which may include per diem 
                allowance or actual subsistence incurred while away 
                from their homes or regular places of business in the 
                performance of services for the Board.
    (c) Powers and Duties of the Board.--The order shall specify the 
powers and duties of the Board, including the power and duty--
            (1) to administer the order in accordance with its terms 
        and conditions and to collect assessments;
            (2) to develop and recommend to the Secretary for approval 
        such bylaws as may be necessary for the functioning of the 
        Board and such rules as may be necessary to administer the 
        order, including activities authorized to be carried out under 
        the order;
            (3) to meet, organize, and select from among members of the 
        Board a chairperson, other officers, and committees and 
        subcommittees, as the Board determines appropriate;
            (4) to establish regional organizations or committees to 
        administer regional initiatives;
            (5) to establish working committees of persons other than 
        Board members;
            (6) to employ such persons, other than the members, as the 
        Board considers necessary, and to determine the compensation 
        and specify the duties of the persons;
            (7) to prepare and submit for the approval of the 
        Secretary, before the beginning of each fiscal year, rates of 
        assessment under section 1306 and an annual budget of the 
        anticipated expenses to be incurred in the administration of 
        the order, including the probable cost of each promotion, 
        research, and information activity proposed to be developed or 
        carried out by the Board;
            (8) to borrow funds necessary for the startup expenses of 
        the order;
            (9) to carry out generic research, education, and promotion 
        programs and projects relating to concrete masonry products, 
        and to pay the costs of such programs and projects with 
        assessments collected under section 1306;
            (10) subject to subsection (e), to enter into contracts or 
        agreements to develop and carry out programs or projects of 
        research, education, and promotion relating to concrete masonry 
        products;
            (11) to keep minutes, books, and records that reflect the 
        actions and transactions of the Board, and promptly report 
        minutes of each Board meeting to the Secretary;
            (12) to receive, investigate, and report to the Secretary 
        complaints of violations of the order;
            (13) to furnish the Secretary with such information as the 
        Secretary may request;
            (14) to recommend to the Secretary such amendments to the 
        order as the Board considers appropriate; and
            (15) to provide the Secretary with advance notice of 
        meetings to permit the Secretary, or the representative of the 
        Secretary, to attend the meetings.
    (d) Programs and Projects; Budgets; Expenses.--
            (1) Programs and projects.--
                    (A) In general.--The order shall require the Board 
                to submit to the Secretary for approval any program or 
                project of research, education, or promotion relating 
                to concrete masonry products.
                    (B) Statement required.--Any educational or 
                promotional activity undertaken with funds provided by 
                the Board shall include a statement that such 
                activities were supported in whole or in part by the 
                Board.
            (2) Budgets.--
                    (A) Submission.--The order shall require the Board 
                to submit to the Secretary for approval a budget of the 
                anticipated expenses and disbursements of the Board in 
                the implementation of the order, including the 
                projected costs of concrete masonry products research, 
                education, and promotion programs and projects.
                    (B) Timing.--The budget shall be submitted before 
                the beginning of a fiscal year and as frequently as may 
                be necessary after the beginning of the fiscal year.
                    (C) Approval.--If the Secretary fails to approve or 
                reject a budget within 60 days of receipt, such budget 
                shall be deemed approved, unless the Secretary provides 
                to the Board and to Congress, in writing, reasonable 
                justification for the delay and provides a reasonable 
                date by which approval or disapproval will be made.
            (3) Administrative expenses.--
                    (A) Incurring expenses.--The Board may incur the 
                expenses described in paragraph (2) and other expenses 
                for the administration, maintenance, and functioning of 
                the Board as authorized by the Secretary.
                    (B) Payment of expenses.--Expenses incurred under 
                subparagraph (A) shall be paid by the Board using 
                assessments collected under section 1306, earnings 
                obtained from assessments, and other income of the 
                Board. Any funds borrowed by the Board shall be 
                expended only for startup costs and capital outlays.
                    (C) Limitation on spending.--For fiscal years 
                beginning 3 or more years after the date of the 
                establishment of the Board, the Board may not expend 
                for administration (except for reimbursement to the 
                Secretary required under subparagraph (D)), 
                maintenance, and functioning of the Board in a fiscal 
                year an amount that exceeds 10 percent of the 
                assessment and other income received by the Board for 
                the fiscal year.
                    (D) Reimbursement of secretary.--The order shall 
                require that the Secretary be reimbursed by the Board 
                from assessments for all expenses incurred by the 
                Secretary in the implementation, administration, and 
                supervision of the order, including all referenda costs 
                incurred in connection with the order.
    (e) Contracts and Agreements.--
            (1) In general.--The order shall provide that, with the 
        approval of the Secretary, the Board may--
                    (A) enter into contracts and agreements to carry 
                out generic research, education, and promotion programs 
                and projects relating to concrete masonry products, 
                including contracts and agreements with manufacturer 
                associations or other entities as considered 
                appropriate by the Secretary;
                    (B) enter into contracts and agreements for 
                administrative services; and
                    (C) pay the cost of approved generic research, 
                education, and promotion programs and projects using 
                assessments collected under section 1306, earnings 
                obtained from assessments, and other income of the 
                Board.
            (2) Requirements.--Each contract or agreement shall provide 
        that any person who enters into the contract or agreement with 
        the Board shall--
                    (A) develop and submit to the Board a proposed 
                program or project together with a budget that 
                specifies the cost to be incurred to carry out the 
                program or project;
                    (B) keep accurate records of all transactions 
                relating to the contract or agreement;
                    (C) account for funds received and expended in 
                connection with the contract or agreement;
                    (D) make periodic reports to the Board of 
                activities conducted under the contract or agreement; 
                and
                    (E) make such other reports as the Board or the 
                Secretary considers relevant.
            (3) Failure to approve.--If the Secretary fails to approve 
        or reject a contract or agreement entered into under paragraph 
        (1) within 60 days of receipt, the contract or agreement shall 
        be deemed approved, unless the Secretary provides to the Board 
        and to Congress, in writing, reasonable justification for the 
        delay and provides a reasonable date by which approval or 
        disapproval will be made.
    (f) Books and Records of Board.--
            (1) In general.--The order shall require the Board to--
                    (A) maintain such books and records (which shall be 
                available to the Secretary for inspection and audit) as 
                the Secretary may require;
                    (B) collect and submit to the Secretary, at any 
                time the Secretary may specify, any information the 
                Secretary may request; and
                    (C) account for the receipt and disbursement of all 
                funds in the possession, or under the control, of the 
                Board.
            (2) Audits.--The order shall require the Board to have--
                    (A) the books and records of the Board audited by 
                an independent auditor at the end of each fiscal year; 
                and
                    (B) a report of the audit submitted directly to the 
                Secretary.
    (g) Prohibited Activities.--
            (1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), the Board shall 
        not engage in any program or project to, nor shall any funds 
        received by the Board under this division be used to--
                    (A) influence legislation, elections, or 
                governmental action;
                    (B) engage in an action that would be a conflict of 
                interest;
                    (C) engage in advertising that is false or 
                misleading;
                    (D) engage in any promotion, research, or education 
                that would be disparaging to other construction 
                materials; or
                    (E) engage in any promotion or project that would 
                benefit any individual manufacturer.
            (2) Exceptions.--Paragraph (1) does not preclude--
                    (A) the development and recommendation of 
                amendments to the order;
                    (B) the communication to appropriate government 
                officials of information relating to the conduct, 
                implementation, or results of research, education, and 
                promotion activities under the order except 
                communications described in paragraph (1)(A); or
                    (C) any lawful action designed to market concrete 
                masonry products directly to a foreign government or 
                political subdivision of a foreign government.
    (h) Periodic Evaluation.--The order shall require the Board to 
provide for the independent evaluation of all research, education, and 
promotion programs or projects undertaken under the order, beginning 5 
years after the date of enactment of this Act and every 3 years 
thereafter. The Board shall submit to the Secretary and make available 
to the public the results of each such evaluation.
    (i) Objectives.--The Board shall establish annual research, 
education, and promotion objectives and performance metrics for each 
fiscal year subject to approval by the Secretary.
    (j) Biennial Report.--Every 2 years the Board shall prepare and 
make publicly available a comprehensive and detailed report that 
includes an identification and description of all programs and projects 
undertaken by the Board during the previous 2 years as well as those 
planned for the subsequent 2 years and detail the allocation or planned 
allocation of Board resources for each such program or project. Such 
report shall also include--
            (1) the overall financial condition of the Board;
            (2) a summary of the amounts obligated or expended during 
        the 2 preceding fiscal years; and
            (3) a description of the extent to which the objectives of 
        the Board were met according to the metrics required under 
        subsection (i).
    (k) Books and Records of Persons Covered by Order.--
            (1) In general.--The order shall require that manufacturers 
        shall--
                    (A) maintain records sufficient to ensure 
                compliance with the order and regulations; and
                    (B) make the records described in subparagraph (A) 
                available, during normal business hours, for inspection 
                by employees or agents of the Board or the Department.
            (2) Time requirement.--Any record required to be maintained 
        under paragraph (1) shall be maintained for such time period as 
        the Secretary may prescribe.
            (3) Confidentiality of information.--
                    (A) In general.--Except as otherwise provided in 
                this paragraph, trade secrets and commercial or 
                financial information that is privileged or 
                confidential reported to, or otherwise obtained by the 
                Board or the Secretary (or any representative of the 
                Board or the Secretary) under this division shall not 
                be disclosed by any officers, employees, and agents of 
                the Department or the Board.
                    (B) Suits and hearings.--Information referred to in 
                subparagraph (A) may be disclosed only if--
                            (i) the Secretary considers the information 
                        relevant; and
                            (ii) the information is revealed in a 
                        judicial proceeding or administrative hearing 
                        brought at the direction or on the request of 
                        the Secretary or to which the Secretary or any 
                        officer of the Department is a party.
                    (C) General statements and publications.--This 
                paragraph does not prohibit--
                            (i) the issuance of general statements 
                        based on reports or on information relating to 
                        a number of persons subject to an order if the 
                        statements do not identify the information 
                        furnished by any person; or
                            (ii) the publication, by direction of the 
                        Secretary, of the name of any person violating 
                        any order and a statement of the particular 
                        provisions of the order violated by the person.
                    (D) Penalty.--Any officer, employee, or agent of 
                the Department of Commerce or any officer, employee, or 
                agent of the Board who willfully violates this 
                paragraph shall be fined not more than $1,000 and 
                imprisoned for not more than 1 year, or both.
            (4) Withholding information.--This subsection does not 
        authorize the withholding of information from Congress.

SEC. 1306. ASSESSMENTS.

    (a) Assessments.--The order shall provide that assessments shall be 
paid by a manufacturer if the manufacturer has manufactured concrete 
masonry products during a period of at least 180 days prior to the date 
the assessment is to be remitted.
    (b) Collection.--
            (1) In general.--Assessments required under the order shall 
        be remitted by the manufacturer to the Board in the manner 
        prescribed by the order.
            (2) Timing.--The order shall provide that assessments 
        required under the order shall be remitted to the Board not 
        less frequently than quarterly.
            (3) Records.--As part of the remittance of assessments, 
        manufacturers shall identify the total amount due in 
        assessments on all sales receipts, invoices or other commercial 
        documents of sale as a result of the sale of concrete masonry 
        units in a manner as prescribed by the Board to ensure 
        compliance with the order.
    (c) Assessment Rates.--With respect to assessment rates, the order 
shall contain the following terms:
            (1) Initial rate.--The assessment rate on concrete masonry 
        products shall be $0.01 per concrete masonry unit sold.
            (2) Changes in the rate.--
                    (A) Authority to change rate.--The Board shall have 
                the authority to change the assessment rate. A two-
                thirds majority of voting members of the Board shall be 
                required to approve a change in the assessment rate.
                    (B) Limitation on increases.--An increase or 
                decrease in the assessment rate with respect to 
                concrete masonry products may not exceed $0.01 per 
                concrete masonry unit sold.
                    (C) Maximum rate.--The assessment rate shall not be 
                in excess of $0.05 per concrete masonry unit.
                    (D) Limitation on frequency of changes.--The 
                assessment rate may not be increased or decreased more 
                than once annually.
    (d) Late-Payment and Interest Charges.--
            (1) In general.--Late-payment and interest charges may be 
        levied on each person subject to the order who fails to remit 
        an assessment in accordance with subsection (b).
            (2) Rate.--The rate for late-payment and interest charges 
        shall be specified by the Secretary.
    (e) Investment of Assessments.--Pending disbursement of assessments 
under a budget approved by the Secretary, the Board may invest 
assessments collected under this section in--
            (1) obligations of the United States or any agency of the 
        United States;
            (2) general obligations of any State or any political 
        subdivision of a State;
            (3) interest-bearing accounts or certificates of deposit of 
        financial institutions that are members of the Federal Reserve 
        System; or
            (4) obligations fully guaranteed as to principal and 
        interest by the United States.
    (f) Assessment Funds for Regional Initiatives.--
            (1) In general.--The order shall provide that not less than 
        50 percent of the assessments (less administration expenses) 
        paid by a manufacturer shall be used to support research, 
        education, and promotion programs and projects in support of 
        the geographic region of the manufacturer.
            (2) Geographic regions.--The order shall provide for the 
        following geographic regions:
                    (A) Region I shall comprise Connecticut, Delaware, 
                the District of Columbia, Maine, Maryland, 
                Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, 
                Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, and West Virginia.
                    (B) Region II shall comprise Alabama, Florida, 
                Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, 
                Tennessee, and Virginia.
                    (C) Region III shall comprise Illinois, Indiana, 
                Iowa, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, North 
                Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin.
                    (D) Region IV shall comprise Arizona, Arkansas, 
                Kansas, Louisiana, Missouri, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and 
                Texas.
                    (E) Region V shall comprise Alaska, California, 
                Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, 
                Washington, and Wyoming.
            (3) Adjustment of geographic regions.--The order shall 
        provide that the Secretary may, upon recommendation of the 
        Board, modify the composition of the geographic regions 
        described in paragraph (2).

SEC. 1307. REFERENDA.

    (a) Initial Referendum.--
            (1) Referendum required.--During the 60-day period 
        immediately preceding the proposed effective date of the order 
        issued under section 1304, the Secretary shall conduct a 
        referendum among manufacturers eligible under subsection (b)(2) 
        subject to assessments under section 1306.
            (2) Approval of order needed.--The order shall become 
        effective only if the Secretary determines that the order has 
        been approved by a majority of manufacturers voting who also 
        represent a majority of the machine cavities in operation of 
        those manufacturers voting in the referendum.
    (b) Votes Permitted.--
            (1) In general.--Each manufacturer eligible to vote in a 
        referendum conducted under this section shall be entitled to 
        cast 1 vote.
            (2) Eligibility.--For purposes of paragraph (1), a 
        manufacturer shall be considered to be eligible to vote if the 
        manufacturer has manufactured concrete masonry products during 
        a period of at least 180 days prior to the first day of the 
        period during which voting in the referendum will occur.
    (c) Manner of Conducting Referenda.--
            (1) In general.--Referenda conducted pursuant to this 
        section shall be conducted in a manner determined by the 
        Secretary.
            (2) Advance registration.--A manufacturer who chooses to 
        vote in any referendum conducted under this section shall 
        register with the Secretary prior to the voting period, after 
        receiving notice from the Secretary concerning the referendum 
        under paragraph (4).
            (3) Voting.--The Secretary shall establish procedures for 
        voting in any referendum conducted under this section. The 
        ballots and other information or reports that reveal or tend to 
        reveal the identity or vote of voters shall be strictly 
        confidential.
            (4) Notice.--Not later than 30 days before a referendum is 
        conducted under this section with respect to an order, the 
        Secretary shall notify all manufacturers, in such a manner as 
        determined by the Secretary, of the period during which voting 
        in the referendum will occur. The notice shall explain any 
        registration and voting procedures established under this 
        subsection.
    (d) Subsequent Referenda.--If an order is approved in a referendum 
conducted under subsection (a), the Secretary shall conduct a 
subsequent referendum--
            (1) at the request of the Board, subject to the voting 
        requirements of subsections (b) and (c), to ascertain whether 
        eligible manufacturers favor suspension, termination, or 
        continuance of the order; or
            (2) effective beginning on the date that is 5 years after 
        the date of the approval of the order, and at 5-year intervals 
        thereafter, at the request of 25 percent or more of the total 
        number of persons eligible to vote under subsection (b).
    (e) Suspension or Termination.--If, as a result of a referendum 
conducted under subsection (d), the Secretary determines that 
suspension or termination of the order is favored by a majority of all 
votes cast in the referendum as provided in subsection (a)(2), the 
Secretary shall--
            (1) not later than 180 days after the referendum, suspend 
        or terminate, as appropriate, collection of assessments under 
        the order; and
            (2) suspend or terminate, as appropriate, programs and 
        projects under the order as soon as practicable and in an 
        orderly manner.
    (f) Costs of Referenda.--The Board established under an order with 
respect to which a referendum is conducted under this section shall 
reimburse the Secretary from assessments for any expenses incurred by 
the Secretary to conduct the referendum.

SEC. 1308. PETITION AND REVIEW.

    (a) Petition.--
            (1) In general.--A person subject to an order issued under 
        this division may file with the Secretary a petition--
                    (A) stating that the order, any provision of the 
                order, or any obligation imposed in connection with the 
                order, is not established in accordance with law; and
                    (B) requesting a modification of the order or an 
                exemption from the order.
            (2) Hearing.--The Secretary shall give the petitioner an 
        opportunity for a hearing on the petition, in accordance with 
        regulations issued by the Secretary.
            (3) Ruling.--After the hearing, the Secretary shall make a 
        ruling on the petition. The ruling shall be final, subject to 
        review as set forth in subsection (b).
            (4) Limitation on petition.--Any petition filed under this 
        subsection challenging an order, any provision of the order, or 
        any obligation imposed in connection with the order, shall be 
        filed not less than 2 years after the effective date of the 
        order, provision, or obligation subject to challenge in the 
        petition.
    (b) Review.--
            (1) Commencement of action.--The district courts of the 
        United States in any district in which a person who is a 
        petitioner under subsection (a) resides or conducts business 
        shall have jurisdiction to review the ruling of the Secretary 
        on the petition of the person, if a complaint requesting the 
        review is filed no later than 30 days after the date of the 
        entry of the ruling by the Secretary.
            (2) Process.--Service of process in proceedings under this 
        subsection shall be conducted in accordance with the Federal 
        Rules of Civil Procedure.
            (3) Remands.--If the court in a proceeding under this 
        subsection determines that the ruling of the Secretary on the 
        petition of the person is not in accordance with law, the court 
        shall remand the matter to the Secretary with directions--
                    (A) to make such ruling as the court shall 
                determine to be in accordance with law; or
                    (B) to take such further action as, in the opinion 
                of the court, the law requires.
    (c) Enforcement.--The pendency of proceedings instituted under this 
section shall not impede, hinder, or delay the Attorney General or the 
Secretary from obtaining relief under section 1309.

SEC. 1309. ENFORCEMENT.

    (a) Jurisdiction.--A district court of the United States shall have 
jurisdiction to enforce, and to prevent and restrain any person from 
violating, this division or an order or regulation issued by the 
Secretary under this division.
    (b) Referral to Attorney General.--A civil action authorized to be 
brought under this section shall be referred to the Attorney General of 
the United States for appropriate action.
    (c) Civil Penalties and Orders.--
            (1) Civil penalties.--A person who willfully violates an 
        order or regulation issued by the Secretary under this division 
        may be assessed by the Secretary a civil penalty of not more 
        than $5,000 for each violation.
            (2) Separate offense.--Each violation and each day during 
        which there is a failure to comply with an order or regulation 
        issued by the Secretary shall be considered to be a separate 
        offense.
            (3) Cease-and-desist orders.--In addition to, or in lieu 
        of, a civil penalty, the Secretary may issue an order requiring 
        a person to cease and desist from violating the order or 
        regulation.
            (4) Notice and hearing.--No order assessing a penalty or 
        cease-and-desist order may be issued by the Secretary under 
        this subsection unless the Secretary provides notice and an 
        opportunity for a hearing on the record with respect to the 
        violation.
            (5) Finality.--An order assessing a penalty or a cease-and-
        desist order issued under this subsection by the Secretary 
        shall be final and conclusive unless the person against whom 
        the order is issued files an appeal from the order with the 
        appropriate district court of the United States.
    (d) Additional Remedies.--The remedies provided in this division 
shall be in addition to, and not exclusive of, other remedies that may 
be available.

SEC. 1310. INVESTIGATION AND POWER TO SUBPOENA.

    (a) Investigations.--The Secretary may conduct such investigations 
as the Secretary considers necessary for the effective administration 
of this division, or to determine whether any person has engaged or is 
engaging in any act that constitutes a violation of this division or 
any order or regulation issued under this division.
    (b) Subpoenas, Oaths, and Affirmations.--
            (1) Investigations.--For the purpose of conducting an 
        investigation under subsection (a), the Secretary may 
        administer oaths and affirmations, subpoena witnesses, compel 
        the attendance of witnesses, take evidence, and require the 
        production of any records that are relevant to the inquiry. The 
        production of the records may be required from any place in the 
        United States.
            (2) Administrative hearings.--For the purpose of an 
        administrative hearing held under section 1308(a)(2) or section 
        1309(c)(4), the presiding officer may administer oaths and 
        affirmations, subpoena witnesses, compel the attendance of 
        witnesses, take evidence, and require the production of any 
        records that are relevant to the inquiry. The attendance of 
        witnesses and the production of the records may be required 
        from any place in the United States.
    (c) Aid of Courts.--
            (1) In general.--In the case of contumacy by, or refusal to 
        obey a subpoena issued under subsection (b) to, any person, the 
        Secretary may invoke the aid of any court of the United States 
        within the jurisdiction of which the investigation or 
        proceeding is conducted, or where the person resides or 
        conducts business, in order to enforce a subpoena issued under 
        subsection (b).
            (2) Order.--The court may issue an order requiring the 
        person referred to in paragraph (1) to comply with a subpoena 
        referred to in paragraph (1).
            (3) Failure to obey.--Any failure to obey the order of the 
        court may be punished by the court as a contempt of court.
            (4) Process.--Process in any proceeding under this 
        subsection may be served in the United States judicial district 
        in which the person being proceeded against resides or conducts 
        business, or wherever the person may be found.

SEC. 1311. SUSPENSION OR TERMINATION.

    (a) Mandatory Suspension or Termination.--The Secretary shall 
suspend or terminate an order or a provision of an order if the 
Secretary finds that an order or provision of an order obstructs or 
does not tend to effectuate the purpose of this division, or if the 
Secretary determines that the order or a provision of an order is not 
favored by a majority of all votes cast in the referendum as provided 
in section 1307(a)(2).
    (b) Implementation of Suspension or Termination.--If, as a result 
of a referendum conducted under section 1307, the Secretary determines 
that the order is not approved, the Secretary shall--
            (1) not later than 180 days after making the determination, 
        suspend or terminate, as the case may be, collection of 
        assessments under the order; and
            (2) as soon as practicable, suspend or terminate, as the 
        case may be, activities under the order in an orderly manner.

SEC. 1312. AMENDMENTS TO ORDERS.

    The provisions of this division applicable to the order shall be 
applicable to any amendment to the order, except that section 1308 
shall not apply to an amendment.

SEC. 1313. EFFECT ON OTHER LAWS.

    This division shall not affect or preempt any other Federal or 
State law authorizing research, education, and promotion relating to 
concrete masonry products.

SEC. 1314. REGULATIONS.

    The Secretary may issue such regulations as may be necessary to 
carry out this division and the power vested in the Secretary under 
this division.

SEC. 1315. LIMITATION ON EXPENDITURES FOR ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES.

    Funds appropriated to carry out this division may not be used for 
the payment of the expenses or expenditures of the Board in 
administering the order.

SEC. 1316. LIMITATIONS ON OBLIGATION OF FUNDS.

    (a) In General.--In each fiscal year of the covered period, the 
Board may not obligate an amount greater than the sum of--
            (1) 73 percent of the amount of assessments estimated to be 
        collected under section 1306 in such fiscal year;
            (2) 73 percent of the amount of assessments actually 
        collected under section 1306 in the most recent fiscal year for 
        which an audit report has been submitted under section 
        1305(f)(2)(B) as of the beginning of the fiscal year for which 
        the amount that may be obligated is being determined, less the 
        estimate made pursuant to paragraph (1) for such most recent 
        fiscal year; and
            (3) amounts permitted in preceding fiscal years to be 
        obligated pursuant to this subsection that have not been 
        obligated.
    (b) Excess Amounts Deposited in Escrow Account.--Assessments 
collected under section 1306 in excess of the amount permitted to be 
obligated under subsection (a) in a fiscal year shall be deposited in 
an escrow account for the duration of the covered period.
    (c) Treatment of Amounts in Escrow Account.--During the covered 
period, the Board may not obligate, expend, or borrow against amounts 
required under subsection (b) to be deposited in the escrow account. 
Any interest earned on such amounts shall be deposited in the escrow 
account and shall be unavailable for obligation for the duration of the 
covered period.
    (d) Release of Amounts in Escrow Account.--After the covered 
period, the Board may withdraw and obligate in any fiscal year an 
amount in the escrow account that does not exceed \1/5\ of the amount 
in the escrow account on the last day of the covered period.
    (e) Special Rule for Estimates for Particular Fiscal Years.--
            (1) Rule.--For purposes of subsection (a)(1), the amount of 
        assessments estimated to be collected under section 1306 in a 
        fiscal year specified in paragraph (2) shall be equal to 62 
        percent of the amount of assessments actually collected under 
        such section in the most recent fiscal year for which an audit 
        report has been submitted under section 1305(f)(2)(B) as of the 
        beginning of the fiscal year for which the amount that may be 
        obligated is being determined.
            (2) Fiscal years specified.--The fiscal years specified in 
        this paragraph are the 9th and 10th fiscal years that begin on 
        or after the date of enactment of this Act.
    (f) Covered Period Defined.--In this section, the term ``covered 
period'' means the period that begins on the date of enactment of this 
Act and ends on the last day of the 11th fiscal year that begins on or 
after such date of enactment.

SEC. 1317. STUDY AND REPORT BY THE GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE.

    Not later than 5 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Comptroller General of the United States shall prepare a study, and not 
later than 8 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Comptroller General shall submit to Congress and the Secretary a 
report, examining--
            (1) how the Board spends assessments collected;
            (2) the extent to which the reported activities of the 
        Board help achieve the annual objectives of the Board;
            (3) any changes in demand for concrete masonry products 
        relative to other building materials;
            (4) any impact of the activities of the Board on the market 
        share of competing products;
            (5) any impact of the activities of the Board on the 
        overall size of the market for building products;
            (6) any impact of the activities of the Board on the total 
        number of concrete-masonry-related jobs, including 
        manufacturing, sales, and installation;
            (7) any significant effects of the activities of the Board 
        on downstream purchasers of concrete masonry products and real 
        property into which concrete masonry products are incorporated;
            (8) effects on prices of concrete masonry products as a 
        result of the activities of the Board;
            (9) the cost to the Federal Government of an increase in 
        concrete masonry product prices, if any, as a result of the 
        program established by this division;
            (10) the extent to which key statutory requirements are 
        met;
            (11) the extent and strength of Federal oversight of the 
        program established by this division;
            (12) the appropriateness of administering the program from 
        within the Office of the Secretary of Commerce and the 
        appropriateness of administering the program from within any 
        division of the Department, including whether the Department 
        has the expertise, knowledge, or other capabilities necessary 
        to adequately administer the program; and
            (13) any other topic that the Comptroller General considers 
        appropriate.

SEC. 1318. STUDY AND REPORT BY THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE.

    Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Secretary shall prepare a study and submit to Congress a report 
examining the appropriateness and effectiveness of applying the 
commodity check-off program model (such as those programs established 
under the Commodity Promotion, Research, and Information Act of 1996 (7 
U.S.C. 7411 et seq.)) to a nonagricultural industry, taking into 
account the program established by this division and any other check-
off program involving a nonagricultural industry.

                     DIVISION F--BUILD ACT OF 2018

SEC. 1401. SHORT TITLE.

    This division may be cited as the ``Better Utilization of 
Investments Leading to Development Act of 2018'' or the ``BUILD Act of 
2018''.

SEC. 1402. DEFINITIONS.

    In this division:
            (1) Appropriate congressional committees.--The term 
        ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
                    (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the 
                Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and
                    (B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the 
                Committee on Appropriations of the House of 
                Representatives.
            (2) Less developed country.--The term ``less developed 
        country'' means a country with a low-income economy, lower-
        middle-income economy, or upper-middle-income economy, as 
        defined by the International Bank for Reconstruction and 
        Development and the International Development Association 
        (collectively referred to as the ``World Bank'').
            (3) Predecessor authority.--The term ``predecessor 
        authority'' means authorities repealed by title VI.
            (4) Qualifying sovereign entity.--The term ``qualifying 
        sovereign entity'' means--
                    (A) any agency or instrumentality of a foreign 
                state (as defined in section 1603 of title 28, United 
                States Code) that has a purpose that is similar to the 
                purpose of the Corporation as described in section 
                1412(b); or
                    (B) any international financial institution (as 
                defined in section 1701(c) of the International 
                Financial Institutions Act (22 U.S.C. 262r(c))).

                         TITLE I--ESTABLISHMENT

SEC. 1411. STATEMENT OF POLICY.

    It is the policy of the United States to facilitate market-based 
private sector development and inclusive economic growth in less 
developed countries through the provision of credit, capital, and other 
financial support--
            (1) to mobilize private capital in support of sustainable, 
        broad-based economic growth, poverty reduction, and development 
        through demand-driven partnerships with the private sector that 
        further the foreign policy interests of the United States;
            (2) to finance development that builds and strengthens 
        civic institutions, promotes competition, and provides for 
        public accountability and transparency;
            (3) to help private sector actors overcome identifiable 
        market gaps and inefficiencies without distorting markets;
            (4) to achieve clearly defined economic and social 
        development outcomes;
            (5) to coordinate with institutions with purposes similar 
        to the purposes of the Corporation to leverage resources of 
        those institutions to produce the greatest impact;
            (6) to provide countries a robust alternative to state-
        directed investments by authoritarian governments and United 
        States strategic competitors using best practices with respect 
        to transparency and environmental and social safeguards, and 
        which take into account the debt sustainability of partner 
        countries;
            (7) to leverage private sector capabilities and innovative 
        development tools to help countries transition from recipients 
        of bilateral development assistance toward increased self-
        reliance; and
            (8) to complement and be guided by overall United States 
        foreign policy, development, and national security objectives, 
        taking into account the priorities and needs of countries 
        receiving support.

SEC. 1412. UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT FINANCE CORPORATION.

    (a) Establishment.--There is established in the executive branch 
the United States International Development Finance Corporation (in 
this division referred to as the ``Corporation''), which shall be a 
wholly owned Government corporation for purposes of chapter 91 of title 
31, United States Code, under the foreign policy guidance of the 
Secretary of State.
    (b) Purpose.--The purpose of the Corporation shall be to mobilize 
and facilitate the participation of private sector capital and skills 
in the economic development of less developed countries, as described 
in subsection (c), and countries in transition from nonmarket to market 
economies, in order to complement the development assistance 
objectives, and advance the foreign policy interests, of the United 
States. In carrying out its purpose, the Corporation, utilizing broad 
criteria, shall take into account in its financing operations the 
economic and financial soundness and development objectives of projects 
for which it provides support under title II.
    (c) Less Developed Country Focus.--
            (1) In general.--The Corporation shall prioritize the 
        provision of support under title II in less developed countries 
        with a low-income economy or a lower-middle-income economy.
            (2) Support in upper-middle-income countries.--The 
        Corporation shall restrict the provision of support under title 
        II in a less developed country with an upper-middle-income 
        economy unless--
                    (A) the President certifies to the appropriate 
                congressional committees that such support furthers the 
                national economic or foreign policy interests of the 
                United States; and
                    (B) such support is designed to produce significant 
                developmental outcomes or provide developmental 
                benefits to the poorest population of that country.

SEC. 1413. MANAGEMENT OF CORPORATION.

    (a) Structure of Corporation.--There shall be in the Corporation a 
Board of Directors (in this division referred to as the ``Board''), a 
Chief Executive Officer, a Deputy Chief Executive Officer, a Chief Risk 
Officer, a Chief Development Officer, and such other officers as the 
Board may determine.
    (b) Board of Directors.--
            (1) Duties.--All powers of the Corporation shall vest in 
        and be exercised by or under the authority of the Board. The 
        Board--
                    (A) shall perform the functions specified to be 
                carried out by the Board in this division;
                    (B) may prescribe, amend, and repeal bylaws, rules, 
                regulations, policies, and procedures governing the 
                manner in which the business of the Corporation may be 
                conducted and in which the powers granted to the 
                Corporation by law may be exercised; and
                    (C) shall develop, in consultation with 
                stakeholders, other interested parties, and the 
                appropriate congressional committees, a publicly 
                available policy with respect to consultations, 
                hearings, and other forms of engagement in order to 
                provide for meaningful public participation in the 
                Board's activities.
            (2) Membership of board.--
                    (A) In general.--The Board shall consist of--
                            (i) the Chief Executive Officer of the 
                        Corporation;
                            (ii) the officers specified in subparagraph 
                        (B); and
                            (iii) four other individuals who shall be 
                        appointed by the President, by and with the 
                        advice and consent of the Senate, of which--
                                    (I) one individual should be 
                                appointed from among a list of at least 
                                5 individuals submitted by the majority 
                                leader of the Senate after consultation 
                                with the chairman of the Committee on 
                                Foreign Relations of the Senate;
                                    (II) one individual should be 
                                appointed from among a list of at least 
                                5 individuals submitted by the minority 
                                leader of the Senate after consultation 
                                with the ranking member of the 
                                Committee on Foreign Relations of the 
                                Senate;
                                    (III) one individual should be 
                                appointed from among a list of at least 
                                5 individuals submitted by the Speaker 
                                of the House of Representatives after 
                                consultation with the chairman of the 
                                Committee on Foreign Affairs of the 
                                House of Representatives; and
                                    (IV) one individual should be 
                                appointed from among a list of at least 
                                5 individuals submitted by the minority 
                                leader of the House of Representatives 
                                after consultation with the ranking 
                                member of the Committee on Foreign 
                                Affairs of the House of 
                                Representatives.
                    (B) Officers specified.--
                            (i) In general.--The officers specified in 
                        this subparagraph are the following:
                                    (I) The Secretary of State or a 
                                designee of the Secretary.
                                    (II) The Administrator of the 
                                United States Agency for International 
                                Development or a designee of the 
                                Administrator.
                                    (III) The Secretary of the Treasury 
                                or a designee of the Secretary.
                                    (IV) The Secretary of Commerce or a 
                                designee of the Secretary.
                            (ii) Requirements for designees.--A 
                        designee under clause (i) shall be selected 
                        from among officers--
                                    (I) appointed by the President, by 
                                and with the advice and consent of the 
                                Senate;
                                    (II) whose duties relate to the 
                                programs of the Corporation; and
                                    (III) who is designated by and 
                                serving at the pleasure of the 
                                President.
                    (C) Requirements for nongovernment members.--A 
                member of the Board described in subparagraph 
                (A)(iii)--
                            (i) may not be an officer or employee of 
                        the United States Government;
                            (ii) shall have relevant experience, which 
                        may include experience relating to the private 
                        sector, the environment, labor organizations, 
                        or international development, to carry out the 
                        purpose of the Corporation;
                            (iii) shall be appointed for a term of 3 
                        years and may be reappointed for one additional 
                        term;
                            (iv) shall serve until the member's 
                        successor is appointed and confirmed;
                            (v) shall be compensated at a rate 
                        equivalent to that of level IV of the Executive 
                        Schedule under section 5315 of title 5, United 
                        States Code, when engaged in the business of 
                        the Corporation; and
                            (vi) may be paid per diem in lieu of 
                        subsistence at the applicable rate under the 
                        Federal Travel Regulation under subtitle F of 
                        title 41, Code of Federal Regulations, from 
                        time to time, while away from the home or usual 
                        place of business of the member.
            (3) Chairperson.--The Secretary of State, or the designee 
        of the Secretary under paragraph (2)(B)(i)(I), shall serve as 
        the Chairperson of the Board.
            (4) Vice chairperson.--The Administrator of the United 
        States Agency for International Development, or the designee of 
        the Administrator under paragraph (2)(B)(i)(II), shall serve as 
        the Vice Chairperson of the Board.
            (5) Quorum.--Five members of the Board shall constitute a 
        quorum for the transaction of business by the Board.
    (c) Public Hearings.--The Board shall hold at least 2 public 
hearings each year in order to afford an opportunity for any person to 
present views with respect to whether--
            (1) the Corporation is carrying out its activities in 
        accordance with this division; and
            (2) any support provided by the Corporation under title II 
        in any country should be suspended, expanded, or extended.
    (d) Chief Executive Officer.--
            (1) Appointment.--There shall be in the Corporation a Chief 
        Executive Officer, who shall be appointed by the President, by 
        and with the advice and consent of the Senate, and who shall 
        serve at the pleasure of the President.
            (2) Authorities and duties.--The Chief Executive Officer 
        shall be responsible for the management of the Corporation and 
        shall exercise the powers and discharge the duties of the 
        Corporation subject to the bylaws, rules, regulations, and 
        procedures established by the Board.
            (3) Relationship to board.--The Chief Executive Officer 
        shall report to and be under the direct authority of the Board.
            (4) Compensation.--Section 5313 of title 5, United States 
        Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
            ``Chief Executive Officer, United States International 
        Development Finance Corporation.''.
    (e) Deputy Chief Executive Officer.--There shall be in the 
Corporation a Deputy Chief Executive Officer, who shall be appointed by 
the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, and 
who shall serve at the pleasure of the President.
    (f) Chief Risk Officer.--
            (1) Appointment.--Subject to the approval of the Board, the 
        Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation shall appoint a 
        Chief Risk Officer, from among individuals with experience at a 
        senior level in financial risk management, who--
                    (A) shall report directly to the Board; and
                    (B) shall be removable only by a majority vote of 
                the Board.
            (2) Duties.--The Chief Risk Officer shall, in coordination 
        with the audit committee of the Board established under section 
        1441, develop, implement, and manage a comprehensive process 
        for identifying, assessing, monitoring, and limiting risks to 
        the Corporation, including the overall portfolio 
        diversification of the Corporation.
    (g) Chief Development Officer.--
            (1) Appointment.--Subject to the approval of the Board, the 
        Chief Executive Officer, with the concurrence of the 
        Administrator of the United States Agency for International 
        Development, shall appoint a Chief Development Officer, from 
        among individuals with experience in development, who--
                    (A) shall report directly to the Board; and
                    (B) shall be removable only by a majority vote of 
                the Board.
            (2) Duties.--The Chief Development Officer shall--
                    (A) coordinate the Corporation's development 
                policies and implementation efforts with the United 
                States Agency for International Development, the 
                Millennium Challenge Corporation, and other relevant 
                United States Government departments and agencies, 
                including directly liaising with missions of the United 
                States Agency for International Development, to ensure 
                that departments, agencies, and missions have training, 
                awareness, and access to the Corporation's tools in 
                relation to development policy and projects in 
                countries;
                    (B) under the guidance of the Chief Executive 
                Officer, manage employees of the Corporation that are 
                dedicated to structuring, monitoring, and evaluating 
                transactions and projects co-designed with the United 
                States Agency for International Development and other 
                relevant United States Government departments and 
                agencies;
                    (C) authorize and coordinate transfers of funds or 
                other resources to and from such agencies, departments, 
                or missions upon the concurrence of those institutions 
                in support of the Corporation's projects or activities;
                    (D) manage the responsibilities of the Corporation 
                under paragraphs (1) and (4) of section 1442(b) and 
                paragraphs (1)(A) and (3)(A) of section 1443(b);
                    (E) coordinate and implement the activities of the 
                Corporation under section 1445; and
                    (F) be an ex officio member of the Development 
                Advisory Council established under subsection (i) and 
                participate in or send a representative to each meeting 
                of the Council.
    (h) Officers and Employees.--
            (1) In general.--Except as otherwise provided in this 
        section, officers, employees, and agents shall be selected and 
        appointed by the Corporation, and shall be vested with such 
        powers and duties as the Corporation may determine.
            (2) Administratively determined employees.--
                    (A) Appointment; compensation; removal.--Of 
                officers and employees employed by the Corporation 
                under paragraph (1), not more than 50 may be appointed, 
                compensated, or removed without regard to title 5, 
                United States Code.
                    (B) Reinstatement.--Under such regulations as the 
                President may prescribe, officers and employees 
                appointed to a position under subparagraph (A) may be 
                entitled, upon removal from such position (unless the 
                removal was for cause), to reinstatement to the 
                position occupied at the time of appointment or to a 
                position of comparable grade and salary.
                    (C) Additional positions.--Positions authorized by 
                subparagraph (A) shall be in addition to those 
                otherwise authorized by law, including positions 
                authorized under section 5108 of title 5, United States 
                Code.
                    (D) Rates of pay for officers and employees.--The 
                Corporation may set and adjust rates of basic pay for 
                officers and employees appointed under subparagraph (A) 
                without regard to the provisions of chapter 51 or 
                subchapter III of chapter 53 of title 5, United States 
                Code, relating to classification of positions and 
                General Schedule pay rates, respectively.
            (3) Liability of employees.--
                    (A) In general.--An individual who is a member of 
                the Board or an officer or employee of the Corporation 
                has no liability under this division with respect to 
                any claim arising out of or resulting from any act or 
                omission by the individual within the scope of the 
                employment of the individual in connection with any 
                transaction by the Corporation.
                    (B) Rule of construction.--Subparagraph (A) shall 
                not be construed to limit personal liability of an 
                individual for criminal acts or omissions, willful or 
                malicious misconduct, acts or omissions for private 
                gain, or any other acts or omissions outside the scope 
                of the individual's employment.
                    (C) Conflicts of interest.--The Corporation shall 
                establish and publish procedures for avoiding conflicts 
                of interest on the part of officers and employees of 
                the Corporation and members of the Development Advisory 
                Council established under subsection (i).
                    (D) Savings provision.--This paragraph shall not be 
                construed--
                            (i) to affect--
                                    (I) any other immunities and 
                                protections that may be available to an 
                                individual described in subparagraph 
                                (A) under applicable law with respect 
                                to a transaction described in that 
                                subparagraph; or
                                    (II) any other right or remedy 
                                against the Corporation, against the 
                                United States under applicable law, or 
                                against any person other than an 
                                individual described in subparagraph 
                                (A) participating in such a 
                                transaction; or
                            (ii) to limit or alter in any way the 
                        immunities that are available under applicable 
                        law for Federal officers and employees not 
                        described in this paragraph.
    (i) Development Advisory Council.--
            (1) In general.--There is established a Development 
        Advisory Council (in this subsection referred to as the 
        ``Council'') to advise the Board on development objectives of 
        the Corporation.
            (2) Membership.--Members of the Council shall be appointed 
        by the Board, on the recommendation of the Chief Executive 
        Officer and the Chief Development Officer, and shall be 
        composed of not more than 9 members broadly representative of 
        nongovernmental organizations, think tanks, advocacy 
        organizations, foundations, and other institutions engaged in 
        international development.
            (3) Functions.--The Board shall call upon members of the 
        Council, either collectively or individually, to advise the 
        Board regarding the extent to which the Corporation is meeting 
        its development mandate and any suggestions for improvements in 
        with respect to meeting that mandate, including opportunities 
        in countries and project development and implementation 
        challenges and opportunities.
            (4) Federal advisory committee act.--The Council shall not 
        be subject to the Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. 
        App.).

SEC. 1414. INSPECTOR GENERAL OF THE CORPORATION.

    (a) In General.--Section 8G(a)(2) of the Inspector General Act of 
1978 (5 U.S.C. App.) is amended by inserting ``the United States 
International Development Finance Corporation,'' after ``the 
Smithsonian Institution,''.
    (b) Oversight Independence.--Section 8G(a)(4) of the Inspector 
General Act of 1978 (5 U.S.C. App.) is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (H), by striking ``; and'' and 
        inserting a semicolon;
            (2) in subparagraph (I), by striking the semicolon and 
        inserting ``; and''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(J) with respect to the United States 
                International Development Finance Corporation, such 
                term means the Board of Directors of the United States 
                International Development Finance Corporation;''.

SEC. 1415. INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTABILITY MECHANISM.

    (a) In General.--The Board shall establish a transparent and 
independent accountability mechanism.
    (b) Functions.--The independent accountability mechanism 
established pursuant to subsection (a) shall--
            (1) annually evaluate and report to the Board and Congress 
        regarding compliance with environmental, social, labor, human 
        rights, and transparency standards, consistent with Corporation 
        statutory mandates;
            (2) provide a forum for resolving concerns regarding the 
        impacts of specific Corporation-supported projects with respect 
        to such standards; and
            (3) provide advice regarding Corporation projects, 
        policies, and practices.

                         TITLE II--AUTHORITIES

SEC. 1421. AUTHORITIES RELATING TO PROVISION OF SUPPORT.

    (a) In General.--The authorities in this title shall only be 
exercised to--
            (1) carry out of the policy of the United States in section 
        1411 and the purpose of the Corporation in section 1412;
            (2) mitigate risks to United States taxpayers by sharing 
        risks with the private sector and qualifying sovereign entities 
        through co-financing and structuring of tools; and
            (3) ensure that support provided under this title is 
        additional to private sector resources by mobilizing private 
        capital that would otherwise not be deployed without such 
        support.
    (b) Lending and Guaranties.--
            (1) In general.--The Corporation may make loans or 
        guaranties upon such terms and conditions as the Corporation 
        may determine.
            (2) Denomination.--Loans and guaranties issued under 
        paragraph (1) may be denominated and repayable in United States 
        dollars or foreign currencies. Foreign currency denominated 
        loans and guaranties should only be provided if the Board 
        determines there is a substantive policy rationale for such 
        loans and guaranties.
            (3) Applicability of federal credit reform act of 1990.--
        Loans and guaranties issued under paragraph (1) shall be 
        subject to the requirements of the Federal Credit Reform Act of 
        1990 (2 U.S.C. 661 et seq.).
    (c) Equity Investments.--
            (1) In general.--The Corporation may, as a minority 
        investor, support projects with funds or use other mechanisms 
        for the purpose of purchasing, and may make and fund 
        commitments to purchase, invest in, make pledges in respect of, 
        or otherwise acquire, equity or quasi-equity securities or 
        shares or financial interests of any entity, including as a 
        limited partner or other investor in investment funds, upon 
        such terms and conditions as the Corporation may determine.
            (2) Denomination.--Support provided under paragraph (1) may 
        be denominated and repayable in United States dollars or 
        foreign currency. Foreign currency denominated support provided 
        by paragraph (1) should only be provided if the Board 
        determines there is a substantive policy rationale for such 
        support.
            (3) Guidelines and criteria.--The Corporation shall develop 
        guidelines and criteria to require that the use of the 
        authority provided by paragraph (1) with respect to a project 
        has a clearly defined development and foreign policy purpose, 
        taking into account the following objectives:
                    (A) The support for the project would be more 
                likely than not to substantially reduce or overcome the 
                effect of an identified market failure in the country 
                in which the project is carried out.
                    (B) The project would not have proceeded or would 
                have been substantially delayed without the support.
                    (C) The support would meaningfully contribute to 
                transforming local conditions to promote the 
                development of markets.
                    (D) The support can be shown to be aligned with 
                commercial partner incentives.
                    (E) The support can be shown to have significant 
                developmental impact and will contribute to long-term 
                commercial sustainability.
                    (F) The support furthers the policy of the United 
                States described in section 1411.
            (4) Limitations on equity investments.--
                    (A) Per project limit.--The aggregate amount of 
                support provided under this subsection with respect to 
                any project shall not exceed 30 percent of the 
                aggregate amount of all equity investment made to the 
                project at the time that the Corporation approves 
                support of the project.
                    (B) Total limit.--Support provided pursuant to this 
                subsection shall be limited to not more than 35 percent 
                of the Corporation's aggregate exposure on the date 
                that such support is provided.
            (5) Sales and liquidation of position.--The Corporation 
        shall seek to sell and liquidate any support for a project 
        provided under this subsection as soon as commercially 
        feasible, commensurate with other similar investors in the 
        project and taking into consideration the national security 
        interests of the United States.
            (6) Timetable.--The Corporation shall create a project-
        specific timetable for support provided under paragraph (1).
    (d) Insurance and Reinsurance.--The Corporation may issue insurance 
or reinsurance, upon such terms and conditions as the Corporation may 
determine, to private sector entities and qualifying sovereign entities 
assuring protection of their investments in whole or in part against 
any or all political risks such as currency inconvertibility and 
transfer restrictions, expropriation, war, terrorism, civil 
disturbance, breach of contract, or nonhonoring of financial 
obligations.
    (e) Promotion of and Support for Private Investment 
Opportunities.--
            (1) In general.--In order to carry out the purpose of the 
        Corporation described in section 1412(b), the Corporation may 
        initiate and support, through financial participation, 
        incentive grant, or otherwise, and on such terms and conditions 
        as the Corporation may determine, feasibility studies for the 
        planning, development, and management of, and procurement for, 
        potential bilateral and multilateral development projects 
        eligible for support under this title, including training 
        activities undertaken in connection with such projects, for the 
        purpose of promoting investment in such projects and the 
        identification, assessment, surveying, and promotion of private 
        investment opportunities, utilizing wherever feasible and 
        effective, the facilities of private investors.
            (2) Contributions to costs.--The Corporation shall, to the 
        maximum extent practicable, require any person receiving funds 
        under the authorities of this subsection to--
                    (A) share the costs of feasibility studies and 
                other project planning services funded under this 
                subsection; and
                    (B) reimburse the Corporation those funds provided 
                under this section, if the person succeeds in project 
                implementation.
    (f) Special Projects and Programs.--The Corporation may administer 
and manage special projects and programs in support of specific 
transactions undertaken by the Corporation, including programs of 
financial and advisory support that provide private technical, 
professional, or managerial assistance in the development of human 
resources, skills, technology, capital savings, or intermediate 
financial and investment institutions or cooperatives, and including 
the initiation of incentives, grants, or studies for energy, women's 
economic empowerment, microenterprise households, or other small 
business activities.
    (g) Enterprise Funds.--
            (1) In general.--The Corporation may, following 
        consultation with the Secretary of State, the Administrator of 
        the United States Agency for International Development, and the 
        heads of other relevant departments or agencies, establish and 
        operate enterprise funds in accordance with this subsection.
            (2) Private character of funds.--Nothing in this section 
        shall be construed to make an enterprise fund an agency or 
        establishment of the United States Government, or to make the 
        officers, employees, or members of the Board of Directors of an 
        enterprise fund officers or employees of the United States for 
        purposes of title 5, United States Code.
            (3) Purposes for which support may be provided.--The 
        Corporation, subject to the approval of the Board, may 
        designate private, nonprofit organizations as eligible to 
        receive support under this title for the following purposes:
                    (A) To promote development of economic freedom and 
                private sectors, including small- and medium-sized 
                enterprises and joint ventures with the United States 
                and host country participants.
                    (B) To facilitate access to credit to small- and 
                medium-sized enterprises with sound business plans in 
                countries where there is limited means of accessing 
                credit on market terms.
                    (C) To promote policies and practices conducive to 
                economic freedom and private sector development.
                    (D) To attract foreign direct investment capital to 
                further promote private sector development and economic 
                freedom.
                    (E) To complement the work of the United States 
                Agency for International Development and other donors 
                to improve the overall business-enabling environment, 
                financing the creation and expansion of the private 
                business sector.
                    (F) To make financially sustainable investments 
                designed to generate measurable social benefits and 
                build technical capacity in addition to financial 
                returns.
            (4) Operation of funds.--
                    (A) Expenditures.--Funds made available to an 
                enterprise fund shall be expended at the minimum rate 
                necessary to make timely payments for projects and 
                activities carried out under this subsection.
                    (B) Administrative expenses.--Not more than 3 
                percent per annum of the funds made available to an 
                enterprise fund may be obligated or expended for the 
                administrative expenses of the enterprise fund.
            (5) Board of directors.--Each enterprise fund established 
        under this subsection should be governed by a Board of 
        Directors comprised of private citizens of the United States or 
        the host country, who--
                    (A) shall be appointed by the President after 
                consultation with the chairmen and ranking members of 
                the appropriate congressional committees; and
                    (B) have pursued careers in international business 
                and have demonstrated expertise in international and 
                emerging market investment activities.
            (6) Majority member requirement.--The majority of the 
        members of the Board of Directors shall be United States 
        citizens who shall have relevant experience relating to the 
        purposes described in paragraph (3).
            (7) Reports.--Not later than one year after the date of the 
        establishment of an enterprise fund under this subsection, and 
        annually thereafter until the enterprise fund terminates in 
        accordance with paragraph (10), the Board of Directors of the 
        enterprise fund shall--
                    (A) submit to the appropriate congressional 
                committees a report--
                            (i) detailing the administrative expenses 
                        of the enterprise fund during the year 
                        preceding the submission of the report;
                            (ii) describing the operations, activities, 
                        engagement with civil society and relevant 
                        local private sector entities, development 
                        objectives and outcomes, financial condition, 
                        and accomplishments of the enterprise fund 
                        during that year;
                            (iii) describing the results of any audit 
                        conducted under paragraph (8); and
                            (iv) describing how audits conducted under 
                        paragraph (8) are informing the operations and 
                        activities of the enterprise fund; and
                    (B) publish, on a publicly available internet 
                website of the enterprise fund, each report required by 
                subparagraph (A).
            (8) Oversight.--
                    (A) Inspector general performance audits.--
                            (i) In general.--The Inspector General of 
                        the Corporation shall conduct periodic audits 
                        of the activities of each enterprise fund 
                        established under this subsection.
                            (ii) Consideration.--In conducting an audit 
                        under clause (i), the Inspector General shall 
                        assess whether the activities of the enterprise 
                        fund--
                                    (I) support the purposes described 
                                in paragraph (3);
                                    (II) result in profitable private 
                                sector investing; and
                                    (III) generate measurable social 
                                benefits.
                    (B) Recordkeeping requirements.--The Corporation 
                shall ensure that each enterprise fund receiving 
                support under this subsection--
                            (i) keeps separate accounts with respect to 
                        such support; and
                            (ii) maintains such records as may be 
                        reasonably necessary to facilitate effective 
                        audits under this paragraph.
            (9) Return of funds to treasury.--Any funds resulting from 
        any liquidation, dissolution, or winding up of an enterprise 
        fund, in whole or in part, shall be returned to the Treasury of 
        the United States.
            (10) Termination.--The authority of an enterprise fund to 
        provide support under this subsection shall terminate on the 
        earlier of--
                    (A) the date that is 10 years after the date of the 
                first expenditure of amounts from the enterprise fund; 
                or
                    (B) the date on which the enterprise fund is 
                liquidated.
    (h) Supervision of Support.--Support provided under this title 
shall be subject to section 622(c) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 
1961 (22 U.S.C. 2382(c)).
    (i) Small Business Development.--
            (1) In general.--The Corporation shall undertake, in 
        cooperation with appropriate departments, agencies, and 
        instrumentalities of the United States as well as private 
        entities and others, to broaden the participation of United 
        States small businesses and cooperatives and other small United 
        States investors in the development of small private enterprise 
        in less developed friendly countries or areas.
            (2) Outreach to minority-owned and women-owned 
        businesses.--
                    (A) In general.--The Corporation shall collect data 
                on the involvement of minority- and women-owned 
                businesses in projects supported by the Corporation, 
                including--
                            (i) the amount of insurance and financing 
                        provided by the Corporation to such businesses 
                        in connection with projects supported by the 
                        Corporation; and
                            (ii) to the extent such information is 
                        available, the involvement of such businesses 
                        in procurement activities conducted or 
                        supported by the Corporation.
                    (B) Inclusion in annual report.--The Corporation 
                shall include, in its annual report submitted to 
                Congress under section 1443, the aggregate data 
                collected under this paragraph, in such form as to 
                quantify the effectiveness of the Corporation's 
                outreach activities to minority- and women-owned 
                businesses.

SEC. 1422. TERMS AND CONDITIONS.

    (a) In General.--Except as provided in subsection (b), support 
provided by the Corporation under this title shall be on such terms and 
conditions as the Corporation may prescribe.
    (b) Requirements.--The following requirements apply to support 
provided by the Corporation under this title:
            (1) The Corporation shall provide support using authorities 
        under this title only if it is necessary--
                    (A) to alleviate a credit market imperfection; or
                    (B) to achieve specified development or foreign 
                policy objectives of the United States Government by 
                providing support in the most efficient way to meet 
                those objectives on a case-by-case basis.
            (2) The final maturity of a loan made or guaranteed by the 
        Corporation shall not exceed the lesser of--
                    (A) 25 years; or
                    (B) debt servicing capabilities of the project to 
                be financed by the loan (as determined by the 
                Corporation).
            (3) The Corporation shall, with respect to providing any 
        loan guaranty to a project, require the parties to the project 
        to bear the risk of loss in an amount equal to at least 20 
        percent of the guaranteed support by the Corporation in the 
        project.
            (4) The Corporation may not make or guarantee a loan unless 
        the Corporation determines that the borrower or lender is 
        responsible and that adequate provision is made for servicing 
        the loan on reasonable terms and protecting the financial 
        interest of the United States.
            (5) The interest rate for direct loans and interest 
        supplements on guaranteed loans shall be set by reference to a 
        benchmark interest rate (yield) on marketable Treasury 
        securities or other widely recognized or appropriate benchmarks 
        with a similar maturity to the loans being made or guaranteed, 
        as determined in consultation with the Director of the Office 
        of Management and Budget and the Secretary of the Treasury. The 
        Corporation shall establish appropriate minimum interest rates 
        for loans, guaranties, and other instruments as necessary.
            (6) The minimum interest rate for new loans as established 
        by the Corporation shall be adjusted periodically to take 
        account of changes in the interest rate of the benchmark 
        financial instrument.
            (7)(A) The Corporation shall set fees or premiums for 
        support provided under this title at levels that minimize the 
        cost to the Government while supporting achievement of the 
        objectives of support.
            (B) The Corporation shall review fees for loan guaranties 
        periodically to ensure that the fees assessed on new loan 
        guaranties are at a level sufficient to cover the Corporation's 
        most recent estimates of its costs.
            (8) Any loan guaranty provided by the Corporation shall be 
        conclusive evidence that--
                    (A) the guaranty has been properly obtained;
                    (B) the loan qualified for the guaranty; and
                    (C) but for fraud or material misrepresentation by 
                the holder of the guaranty, the guaranty is presumed to 
                be valid, legal, and enforceable.
            (9) The Corporation shall prescribe explicit standards for 
        use in periodically assessing the credit risk of new and 
        existing direct loans or guaranteed loans.
            (10) The Corporation may not make loans or loan guaranties 
        except to the extent that budget authority to cover the costs 
        of the loans or guaranties is provided in advance in an 
        appropriations Act, as required by section 504 of the Federal 
        Credit Reform Act of 1990 (2 U.S.C. 661c).
            (11) The Corporation shall rely upon specific standards to 
        assess the developmental and strategic value of projects for 
        which it provides support and should only provide the minimum 
        level of support necessary in order to support such projects.
            (12) Any loan or loan guaranty made by the Corporation 
        should be provided on a senior basis or pari passu with other 
        senior debt unless there is a substantive policy rationale to 
        provide such support otherwise.

SEC. 1423. PAYMENT OF LOSSES.

    (a) Payments for Defaults on Guaranteed Loans.--
            (1) In general.--If the Corporation determines that the 
        holder of a loan guaranteed by the Corporation suffers a loss 
        as a result of a default by a borrower on the loan, the 
        Corporation shall pay to the holder the percent of the loss, as 
        specified in the guaranty contract, after the holder of the 
        loan has made such further collection efforts and instituted 
        such enforcement proceedings as the Corporation may require.
            (2) Subrogation.--Upon making a payment described in 
        paragraph (1), the Corporation shall ensure the Corporation 
        will be subrogated to all the rights of the recipient of the 
        payment.
            (3) Recovery efforts.--The Corporation shall pursue 
        recovery from the borrower of the amount of any payment made 
        under paragraph (1) with respect to the loan.
    (b) Limitation on Payments.--
            (1) In general.--Except as provided by paragraph (2), 
        compensation for insurance, reinsurance, or a guaranty issued 
        under this title shall not exceed the dollar value of the 
        tangible or intangible contributions or commitments made in the 
        project, plus interest, earnings, or profits actually accrued 
        on such contributions or commitments, to the extent provided by 
        such insurance, reinsurance, or guaranty.
            (2) Exception.--
                    (A) In general.--The Corporation may provide that--
                            (i) appropriate adjustments in the insured 
                        dollar value be made to reflect the replacement 
                        cost of project assets; and
                            (ii) compensation for a claim of loss under 
                        insurance of an equity investment under section 
                        1421 may be computed on the basis of the net 
                        book value attributable to the equity 
                        investment on the date of loss.
            (3) Additional limitation.--
                    (A) In general.--Notwithstanding paragraph 
                (2)(A)(ii) and except as provided in subparagraph (B), 
                the Corporation shall limit the amount of direct 
                insurance and reinsurance issued under section 1421 
                with respect to a project so as to require that the 
                insured and its affiliates bear the risk of loss for at 
                least 10 percent of the amount of the Corporation's 
                exposure to that insured and its affiliates in the 
                project.
                    (B) Exception.--The limitation under subparagraph 
                (A) shall not apply to direct insurance or reinsurance 
                of loans provided by banks or other financial 
                institutions to unrelated parties.
    (c) Actions by Attorney General.--The Attorney General shall take 
such action as may be appropriate to enforce any right accruing to the 
United States as a result of the issuance of any loan or guaranty under 
this title.
    (d) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be 
construed to preclude any forbearance for the benefit of a borrower 
that may be agreed upon by the parties to a loan guaranteed by the 
Corporation if budget authority for any resulting costs to the United 
States Government (as defined in section 502 of the Federal Credit 
Reform Act of 1990 (2 U.S.C. 661a)) is available.

SEC. 1424. TERMINATION.

    (a) In General.--The authorities provided under this title 
terminate on the date that is 7 years after the date of the enactment 
of this Act.
    (b) Termination of Corporation.--The Corporation shall terminate on 
the date on which the portfolio of the Corporation is liquidated.

            TITLE III--ADMINISTRATIVE AND GENERAL PROVISIONS

SEC. 1431. OPERATIONS.

    (a) Bilateral Agreements.--The Corporation may provide support 
under title II in connection with projects in any country the 
government of which has entered into an agreement with the United 
States authorizing the Corporation to provide such support in that 
country.
    (b) Claims Settlement.--
            (1) In general.--Claims arising as a result of support 
        provided under title II or under predecessor authority may be 
        settled, and disputes arising as a result thereof may be 
        arbitrated with the consent of the parties, on such terms and 
        conditions as the Corporation may determine.
            (2) Settlements conclusive.--Payment made pursuant to any 
        settlement pursuant to paragraph (1), or as a result of an 
        arbitration award, shall be final and conclusive 
        notwithstanding any other provision of law.
    (c) Presumption of Compliance.--Each contract executed by such 
officer or officers as may be designated by the Board shall be 
conclusively presumed to be issued in compliance with the requirements 
of this division.
    (d) Electronic Payments and Documents.--The Corporation shall 
implement policies to accept electronic documents and electronic 
payments in all of its programs.

SEC. 1432. CORPORATE POWERS.

    (a) In General.--The Corporation--
            (1) may adopt, alter, and use a seal, to include an 
        identifiable symbol of the United States;
            (2) may make and perform such contracts, including no-cost 
        contracts (as defined by the Corporation), grants, and other 
        agreements notwithstanding division C of subtitle I of title 
        41, United States Code, with any person or government however 
        designated and wherever situated, as may be necessary for 
        carrying out the functions of the Corporation;
            (3) may lease, purchase, or otherwise acquire, improve, and 
        use such real property wherever situated, as may be necessary 
        for carrying out the functions of the Corporation, except that, 
        if the real property is for the Corporation's own occupancy, 
        the lease, purchase, acquisition, improvement, or use of the 
        real property shall be entered into or conducted in 
        consultation with the Administrator of General Services;
            (4) may accept cash gifts or donations of services or of 
        property (real, personal, or mixed), tangible or intangible, 
        for the purpose of carrying out the functions of the 
        Corporation;
            (5) may use the United States mails in the same manner and 
        on the same conditions as the Executive departments (as defined 
        in section 101 of title 5, United States Code);
            (6) may contract with individuals for personal services, 
        who shall not be considered Federal employees for any provision 
        of law administered by the Director of the Office of Personnel 
        Management;
            (7) may hire or obtain passenger motor vehicles;
            (8) may sue and be sued in its corporate name;
            (9) may acquire, hold, or dispose of, upon such terms and 
        conditions as the Corporation may determine, any property, 
        real, personal, or mixed, tangible or intangible, or any 
        interest in such property, except that, in the case of real 
        property that is for the Corporation's own occupancy, the 
        acquisition, holding, or disposition of the real property shall 
        be conducted in consultation with the Administrator of General 
        Services;
            (10) may lease office space for the Corporation's own use, 
        with the obligation of amounts for such lease limited to the 
        current fiscal year for which payments are due until the 
        expiration of the current lease under predecessor authority, as 
        of the day before the date of the enactment of this Act;
            (11) may indemnify directors, officers, employees, and 
        agents of the Corporation for liabilities and expenses incurred 
        in connection with their activities on behalf of the 
        Corporation;
            (12) notwithstanding any other provision of law, may 
        represent itself or contract for representation in any legal or 
        arbitral proceeding;
            (13) may exercise any priority of the Government of the 
        United States in collecting debts from bankrupt, insolvent, or 
        decedents' estates;
            (14) may collect, notwithstanding section 3711(g)(1) of 
        title 31, United States Code, or compromise any obligations 
        assigned to or held by the Corporation, including any legal or 
        equitable rights accruing to the Corporation;
            (15) may make arrangements with foreign governments 
        (including agencies, instrumentalities, or political 
        subdivisions of such governments) or with multilateral 
        organizations or institutions for sharing liabilities;
            (16) may sell direct investments of the Corporation to 
        private investors upon such terms and conditions as the 
        Corporation may determine; and
            (17) shall have such other powers as may be necessary and 
        incident to carrying out the functions of the Corporation.
    (b) Treatment of Property.--Notwithstanding any other provision of 
law relating to the acquisition, handling, or disposal of property by 
the United States, the Corporation shall have the right in its 
discretion to complete, recondition, reconstruct, renovate, repair, 
maintain, operate, or sell any property acquired by the Corporation 
pursuant to the provisions of this division, except that, in the case 
of real property that is for the Corporation's own occupancy, the 
completion, reconditioning, reconstruction, renovation, repair, 
maintenance, operation, or sale of the real property shall be conducted 
in consultation with the Administrator of General Services.

SEC. 1433. MAXIMUM CONTINGENT LIABILITY.

    The maximum contingent liability of the Corporation outstanding at 
any one time shall not exceed in the aggregate $60,000,000,000.

SEC. 1434. CORPORATE FUNDS.

    (a) Corporate Capital Account.--There is established in the 
Treasury of the United States a fund to be known as the ``Corporate 
Capital Account'' to carry out the purposes of the Corporation.
    (b) Funding.--The Corporate Capital Account shall consist of--
            (1) fees charged and collected pursuant to subsection (c);
            (2) any amounts received pursuant to subsection (e);
            (3) investments and returns on such investments pursuant to 
        subsection (g);
            (4) unexpended balances transferred to the Corporation 
        pursuant to subsection (i);
            (5) payments received in connection with settlements of all 
        insurance and reinsurance claims of the Corporation; and
            (6) all other collections transferred to or earned by the 
        Corporation, excluding the cost, as defined in section 502 of 
        the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990 (2 U.S.C. 661a), of loans 
        and loan guaranties.
    (c) Fee Authority.--Fees may be charged and collected for providing 
services in amounts to be determined by the Corporation.
    (d) Uses.--
            (1) In general.--Subject to Acts making appropriations, the 
        Corporation is authorized to pay--
                    (A) the cost, as defined in section 502 of the 
                Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990, of loans and loan 
                guaranties;
                    (B) administrative expenses of the Corporation;
                    (C) for the cost of providing support authorized by 
                subsections (c), (e), (f), and (g) of section 1421;
                    (D) project-specific transaction costs.
            (2) Income and revenue.--In order to carry out the purposes 
        of the Corporation, all collections transferred to or earned by 
        the Corporation, excluding the cost, as defined in section 502 
        of the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990, of loans and loan 
        guaranties, shall be deposited into the Corporate Capital 
        Account and shall be available to carry out its purpose, 
        including without limitation--
                    (A) payment of all insurance and reinsurance claims 
                of the Corporation;
                    (B) repayments to the Treasury of amounts borrowed 
                under subsection (e); and
                    (C) dividend payments to the Treasury under 
                subsection (f).
    (e) Full Faith and Credit.--
            (1) In general.--All support provided pursuant to 
        predecessor authorities or title II shall continue to 
        constitute obligations of the United States, and the full faith 
        and credit of the United States is hereby pledged for the full 
        payment and performance of such obligations.
            (2) Authority to borrow.--The Corporation is authorized to 
        borrow from the Treasury such sums as may be necessary to 
        fulfill such obligations of the United States and any such 
        borrowing shall be at a rate determined by the Secretary of the 
        Treasury, taking into consideration the current average market 
        yields on outstanding marketable obligations of the United 
        States of comparable maturities, for a period jointly 
        determined by the Corporation and the Secretary, and subject to 
        such terms and conditions as the Secretary may require.
    (f) Dividends.--The Board, in consultation with the Director of the 
Office of Management and Budget, shall annually assess a dividend 
payment to the Treasury if the Corporation's insurance portfolio is 
more than 100 percent reserved.
    (g) Investment Authority.--
            (1) In general.--The Corporation may request the Secretary 
        of the Treasury to invest such portion of the Corporate Capital 
        Account as is not, in the Corporation's judgment, required to 
        meet the current needs of the Corporate Capital Account.
            (2) Form of investments.--Such investments shall be made by 
        the Secretary of the Treasury in public debt obligations, with 
        maturities suitable to the needs of the Corporate Capital 
        Account, as determined by the Corporation, and bearing interest 
        at rates determined by the Secretary, taking into consideration 
        current market yields on outstanding marketable obligations of 
        the United States of comparable maturities.
    (h) Collections.--Interest earnings made pursuant to subsection 
(g), earnings collected related to equity investments, and amounts, 
excluding fees related to insurance or reinsurance, collected pursuant 
to subsection (c), shall not be collected for any fiscal year except to 
the extent provided in advance in appropriations Acts.
    (i) Transfer From Predecessor Agencies and Programs.--By the end of 
the transition period described in title VI, the unexpended balances, 
assets, and responsibilities of any agency specified in the plan 
required by section 1462 shall be transferred to the Corporation.
    (j) Transfer of Funds.--In order to carry out this division, funds 
authorized to be appropriated to carry out the Foreign Assistance Act 
of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.) may be transferred to the Corporation 
and funds authorized to be appropriated to the Corporation may be 
transferred to the Department of State and the United States Agency for 
International Development.
    (k) Definition.--In this section, the term ``project-specific 
transaction costs''--
            (1) means those costs incurred by the Corporation for 
        travel, legal expenses, and direct and indirect costs incurred 
        in claims settlements associated with the provision of support 
        under title II and shall not be considered administrative 
        expenses for the purposes of this section; and
            (2) does not include information technology (as such term 
        is defined in section 11101 of title 40, United States Code).

SEC. 1435. COORDINATION WITH OTHER DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES.

    It is the sense of Congress that the Corporation should use 
relevant data of the Department of State, the Millennium Challenge 
Corporation, the United States Agency for International Development, 
and other departments and agencies that have development functions to 
better inform the decisions of the Corporation with respect to 
providing support under title II.

            TITLE IV--MONITORING, EVALUATION, AND REPORTING

SEC. 1441. ESTABLISHMENT OF RISK AND AUDIT COMMITTEES.

    (a) In General.--To assist the Board to fulfill its duties and 
responsibilities under section 1421(a), the Corporation shall establish 
a risk committee and an audit committee.
    (b) Duties and Responsibilities of Risk Committee.--Subject to the 
direction of the Board, the risk committee established under subsection 
(a) shall have oversight responsibility of--
            (1) formulating risk management policies of the operations 
        of the Corporation;
            (2) reviewing and providing guidance on operation of the 
        Corporation's global risk management framework;
            (3) developing policies for enterprise risk management, 
        monitoring, and management of strategic, reputational, 
        regulatory, operational, developmental, environmental, social, 
        and financial risks;
            (4) developing the risk profile of the Corporation, 
        including a risk management and compliance framework and 
        governance structure to support such framework; and
            (5) developing policies and procedures for assessing, prior 
        to providing, and for any period during which the Corporation 
        provides, support to any foreign entities, whether such 
        entities have in place sufficient enhanced due diligence 
        policies and practices to prevent money laundering and 
        corruption to ensure the Corporation does not provide support 
        to persons that are--
                    (A) knowingly engaging in acts of corruption;
                    (B) knowingly providing material or financial 
                support for terrorism, drug trafficking, or human 
                trafficking; or
                    (C) responsible for ordering or otherwise directing 
                serious or gross violations of human rights.
    (c) Duties and Responsibilities of Audit Committee.--Subject to the 
direction of the Board, the audit committee established under 
subsection (a) shall have the oversight responsibility of--
            (1) the integrity of the Corporation's financial reporting 
        and systems of internal controls regarding finance and 
        accounting;
            (2) the integrity of the Corporation's financial 
        statements;
            (3) the performance of the Corporation's internal audit 
        function; and
            (4) compliance with legal and regulatory requirements 
        related to the finances of the Corporation.

SEC. 1442. PERFORMANCE MEASURES, EVALUATION, AND LEARNING.

    (a) In General.--The Corporation shall develop a performance 
measurement system to evaluate and monitor projects supported by the 
Corporation under title II and to guide future projects of the 
Corporation.
    (b) Considerations.--In developing the performance measurement 
system required by subsection (a), the Corporation shall--
            (1) develop a successor for the development impact 
        measurement system of the Overseas Private Investment 
        Corporation (as such system was in effect on the day before the 
        date of the enactment of this Act);
            (2) develop a mechanism for ensuring that support provided 
        by the Corporation under title II is in addition to private 
        investment;
            (3) develop standards for, and a method for ensuring, 
        appropriate financial performance of the Corporation's 
        portfolio; and
            (4) develop standards for, and a method for ensuring, 
        appropriate development performance of the Corporation's 
        portfolio, including--
                    (A) measurement of the projected and ex post 
                development impact of a project; and
                    (B) the information necessary to comply with 
                section 1443.
    (c) Public Availability of Certain Information.--The Corporation 
shall make available to the public on a regular basis information about 
support provided by the Corporation under title II and performance 
metrics about such support on a country-by-country basis.
    (d) Consultation.--In developing the performance measurement system 
required by subsection (a), the Corporation shall consult with the 
Development Advisory Council established under section 1413(i) and 
other stakeholders and interested parties engaged in sustainable 
economic growth and development.

SEC. 1443. ANNUAL REPORT.

    (a) In General.--After the end of each fiscal year, the Corporation 
shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a complete and 
detailed report of its operations during that fiscal year, including an 
assessment of--
            (1) the economic and social development impact, including 
        with respect to matters described in subsections (d), (e), and 
        (f) of section 1451, of projects supported by the Corporation 
        under title II;
            (2) the extent to which the operations of the Corporation 
        complement or are compatible with the development assistance 
        programs of the United States and qualifying sovereign 
        entities;
            (3) the Corporation's institutional linkages with other 
        relevant United States Government department and agencies, 
        including efforts to strengthen such linkages; and
            (4) the compliance of projects supported by the Corporation 
        under title II with human rights, environmental, labor, and 
        social policies, or other such related policies that govern the 
        Corporation's support for projects, promulgated or otherwise 
        administered by the Corporation.
    (b) Elements.--Each annual report required by subsection (a) shall 
include analyses of the effects of projects supported by the 
Corporation under title II, including--
            (1) reviews and analyses of--
                    (A) the desired development outcomes for projects 
                and whether or not the Corporation is meeting the 
                associated metrics, goals, and development objectives, 
                including, to the extent practicable, in the years 
                after conclusion of projects; and
                    (B) the effect of the Corporation's support on 
                access to capital and ways in which the Corporation is 
                addressing identifiable market gaps or inefficiencies 
                and what impact, if any, such support has on access to 
                credit for a specific project, country, or sector;
            (2) an explanation of any partnership arrangement or 
        cooperation with a qualifying sovereign entity in support of 
        each project;
            (3) projections of--
                    (A) development outcomes, and whether or not 
                support for projects are meeting the associated 
                performance measures, both during the start-up phase 
                and over the duration of the support, and to the extent 
                practicable, measures of such development outcomes 
                should be on a gender-disaggregated basis, such as 
                changes in employment, access to financial services, 
                enterprise development and growth, and composition of 
                executive boards and senior leadership of enterprises 
                receiving support under title II; and
                    (B) the value of private sector assets brought to 
                bear relative to the amount of support provided by the 
                Corporation and the value of any other public sector 
                support; and
            (4) an assessment of the extent to which lessons learned 
        from the monitoring and evaluation activities of the 
        Corporation, and from annual reports from previous years 
        compiled by the Corporation, have been applied to projects.

SEC. 1444. PUBLICLY AVAILABLE PROJECT INFORMATION.

    The Corporation shall--
            (1) maintain a user-friendly, publicly available, machine-
        readable database with detailed project-level information, as 
        appropriate and to the extent practicable, including a 
        description of the support provided by the Corporation under 
        title II, including, to the extent feasible, the information 
        included in the report to Congress under section 1443 and 
        project-level performance metrics; and
            (2) include a clear link to information about each project 
        supported by the Corporation under title II on the internet 
        website of the Department of State, ``ForeignAssistance.gov'', 
        or a successor website or other online publication.

SEC. 1445. ENGAGEMENT WITH INVESTORS.

    (a) In General.--The Corporation, acting through the Chief 
Development Officer, shall, in cooperation with the Administrator of 
the United States Agency for International Development--
            (1) develop a strategic relationship with private sector 
        entities focused at the nexus of business opportunities and 
        development priorities;
            (2) engage such entities and reduce business risks 
        primarily through direct transaction support and facilitating 
        investment partnerships;
            (3) develop and support tools, approaches, and 
        intermediaries that can mobilize private finance at scale in 
        the developing world;
            (4) pursue highly developmental projects of all sizes, 
        especially those that are small but designed for work in the 
        most underdeveloped areas, including countries with chronic 
        suffering as a result of extreme poverty, fragile institutions, 
        or a history of violence; and
            (5) pursue projects consistent with the policy of the 
        United States described in section 1411 and the Joint Strategic 
        Plan and the Mission Country Development Cooperation Strategies 
        of the United States Agency for International Development.
    (b) Assistance.--To achieve the goals described in subsection (a), 
the Corporation shall--
            (1) develop risk mitigation tools;
            (2) provide transaction structuring support for blended 
        finance models;
            (3) support intermediaries linking capital supply and 
        demand;
            (4) coordinate with other Federal agencies to support or 
        accelerate transactions;
            (5) convene financial, donor, civil society, and public 
        sector partners around opportunities for private finance within 
        development priorities;
            (6) offer strategic planning and programming assistance to 
        catalyze investment into priority sectors;
            (7) provide transaction structuring support;
            (8) deliver training and knowledge management tools for 
        engaging private investors;
            (9) partner with private sector entities that provide 
        access to capital and expertise; and
            (10) identify and screen new investment partners.
    (c) Technical Assistance.--The Corporation shall coordinate with 
the United States Agency for International Development and other 
agencies and departments, as necessary, on projects and programs 
supported by the Corporation that include technical assistance.

SEC. 1446. NOTIFICATIONS TO BE PROVIDED BY THE CORPORATION.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 15 days prior to the Corporation 
making a financial commitment associated with the provision of support 
under title II in an amount in excess of $10,000,000, the Chief 
Executive Officer of the Corporation shall submit to the appropriate 
congressional committees a report in writing that contains the 
information required by subsection (b).
    (b) Information Required.--The information required by this 
subsection includes--
            (1) the amount of each such financial commitment;
            (2) an identification of the recipient or beneficiary; and
            (3) a description of the project, activity, or asset and 
        the development goal or purpose to be achieved by providing 
        support by the Corporation.
    (c) Bilateral Agreements.--The Chief Executive Officer of the 
Corporation shall notify the appropriate congressional committees not 
later than 30 days after entering into a new bilateral agreement 
described in section 1431(a).

          TITLE V--CONDITIONS, RESTRICTIONS, AND PROHIBITIONS

SEC. 1451. LIMITATIONS AND PREFERENCES.

    (a) Limitation on Support for Single Entity.--No entity receiving 
support from the Corporation under title II may receive more than an 
amount equal to 5 percent of the Corporation's maximum contingent 
liability authorized under section 1433.
    (b) Preference for Support for Projects Sponsored by United States 
Persons.--
            (1) In general.--The Corporation should give preferential 
        consideration to projects sponsored by or involving private 
        sector entities that are United States persons.
            (2) United states person defined.--In this subsection, the 
        term ``United States person'' means--
                    (A) a United States citizen; or
                    (B) an entity owned or controlled by an individual 
                or individuals described in subparagraph (A).
    (c) Preference for Support in Countries in Compliance With 
International Trade Obligations.--
            (1) Consultations with united states trade 
        representative.--Not less frequently than annually, the 
        Corporation shall consult with the United States Trade 
        Representative with respect to the status of countries eligible 
        to receive support from the Corporation under title II and the 
        compliance of those countries with their international trade 
        obligations.
            (2) Preferential consideration.--The Corporation shall give 
        preferential consideration to providing support under title II 
        for projects in countries in compliance with or making 
        substantial progress coming into compliance with their 
        international trade obligations.
    (d) Worker Rights.--
            (1) In general.--The Corporation shall only support 
        projects under title II in countries that are taking steps to 
        adopt and implement laws that extend internationally recognized 
        worker rights (as defined in section 507 of the Trade Act of 
        1974 (19 U.S.C. 2467)) to workers in that country, including 
        any designated zone in that country.
            (2) Required contract language.--The Corporation shall also 
        include the following language, in substantially the following 
        form, in all contracts which the Corporation enters into with 
        persons receiving support under title II: ``The person 
        receiving support agrees not to take actions to prevent 
        employees of the foreign enterprise from lawfully exercising 
        their right of association and their right to organize and 
        bargain collectively. The person further agrees to observe 
        applicable laws relating to a minimum age for employment of 
        children, acceptable conditions of work with respect to minimum 
        wages, hours of work, and occupational health and safety, and 
        not to use forced labor or the worst forms of child labor (as 
        defined in section 507 of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 
        2467)). The person is not responsible under this paragraph for 
        the actions of a foreign government.''.
    (e) Impact Notification.--The Board shall not vote in favor of any 
project proposed to be supported by the Corporation under title II that 
is likely to have significant adverse environmental or social impacts 
that are sensitive, diverse, or unprecedented, unless--
            (1) at least 60 days before the date of the vote, an 
        environmental and social impact assessment or initial 
        environmental and social audit, analyzing the environmental and 
        social impacts of the proposed project and of alternatives to 
        the proposed project, including mitigation measures, is 
        completed;
            (2) such assessment or audit has been made available to the 
        public of the United States, locally affected groups in the 
        country in which the project will be carried out, and 
        nongovernmental organizations in that country; and
            (3) the Corporation, applying best practices with respect 
        to environmental and social safeguards, includes in any 
        contract relating to the project provisions to ensure the 
        mitigation of any such adverse environmental or social impacts.
    (f) Women's Economic Empowerment.--In utilizing its authorities 
under title II, the Corporation shall consider the impacts of its 
support on women's economic opportunities and outcomes and shall 
prioritize the reduction of gender gaps and maximize development impact 
by working to improve women's economic opportunities.
    (g) Preference for Provision of Support in Countries Embracing 
Private Enterprise.--
            (1) In general.--The Corporation should give preferential 
        consideration to projects for which support under title II may 
        be provided in countries the governments of which have 
        demonstrated consistent support for economic policies that 
        promote the development of private enterprise, both domestic 
        and foreign, and maintaining the conditions that enable private 
        enterprise to make a full contribution to the development of 
        such countries, including--
                    (A) market-based economic policies;
                    (B) protection of private property rights;
                    (C) respect for the rule of law; and
                    (D) systems to combat corruption and bribery.
            (2) Sources of information.--The Corporation should rely on 
        both third-party indicators and United States Government 
        information, such as the Department of State's Investment 
        Climate Statements, the Department of Commerce's Country 
        Commercial Guides, or the Millennium Challenge Corporation's 
        Constraints Analysis, to assess whether countries meet the 
        conditions described in paragraph (1).
    (h) Consideration of Foreign Boycott Participation.--In providing 
support for projects under title II, the Corporation shall consider, 
using information readily available, whether the project is sponsored 
by or substantially affiliated with any person taking or knowingly 
agreeing to take actions, or having taken or knowingly agreed to take 
actions within the past 3 years, which demonstrate or otherwise 
evidence intent to comply with, further, or support any boycott 
described in section 1773(a) of the Export Control Reform Act of 2018 
(subtitle B of title XVII of Public Law 115-232).
    (i) Ensuring Opportunities for Small Businesses in Foreign 
Development.--The Corporation shall, using broad criteria, make, to the 
maximum extent possible consistent with this division, efforts--
            (1) to give preferential consideration in providing support 
        under title II to projects sponsored by or involving small 
        businesses; and
            (2) to ensure that the proportion of projects sponsored by 
        or involving United States small businesses, including women-, 
        minority-, and veteran-owned small businesses, is not less than 
        50 percent of all projects for which the Corporation provides 
        support and that involve United States persons.

SEC. 1452. ADDITIONALITY AND AVOIDANCE OF MARKET DISTORTION.

    (a) In General.--Before the Corporation provides support for a 
project under title II, the Corporation shall ensure that private 
sector entities are afforded an opportunity to support the project.
    (b) Safeguards, Policies, and Guidelines.--The Corporation shall 
develop appropriate safeguards, policies, and guidelines to ensure that 
support provided by the Corporation under title II--
            (1) supplements and encourages, but does not compete with, 
        private sector support;
            (2) operates according to internationally recognized best 
        practices and standards with respect to ensuring the avoidance 
        of market distorting government subsidies and the crowding out 
        of private sector lending; and
            (3) does not have a significant adverse impact on United 
        States employment.

SEC. 1453. PROHIBITION ON SUPPORT IN COUNTRIES THAT SUPPORT TERRORISM 
              OR VIOLATE HUMAN RIGHTS AND WITH SANCTIONED PERSONS.

    (a) In General.--The Corporation is prohibited from providing 
support under title II for a government, or an entity owned or 
controlled by a government, if the Secretary of State has determined 
that the government--
            (1) has repeatedly provided support for acts of 
        international terrorism for purposes of--
                    (A) section 1754(c)(1)(A)(i) of the Export Control 
                Reform Act of 2018 (subtitle B of title XVII of Public 
                Law 115-232);
                    (B) section 620A(a) of the Foreign Assistance Act 
                of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2371(a));
                    (C) section 40(d) of the Arms Export Control Act 
                (22 U.S.C. 2780(d)); or
                    (D) any other relevant provision of law; or
            (2) has engaged in a consistent pattern of gross violations 
        of internationally recognized human rights for purposes of 
        section 116(a) or 502B(a)(2) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 
        1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151n(a) and 2304(a)(2)) or any other relevant 
        provision of law.
    (b) Prohibition on Support of Sanctioned Persons.--The Corporation 
is prohibited from all dealings related to any project under title II 
prohibited under United States sanctions laws or regulations, including 
dealings with persons on the list of specially designated persons and 
blocked persons maintained by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of 
the Department of the Treasury, except to the extent otherwise 
authorized by the Secretary of the Treasury or the Secretary of State.
    (c) Prohibition on Support of Activities Subject to Sanctions.--The 
Corporation shall require any person receiving support under title II 
to certify that the person, and any entity owned or controlled by the 
person, is in compliance with all United States sanctions laws and 
regulations.

SEC. 1454. APPLICABILITY OF CERTAIN PROVISIONS OF LAW.

    Subsections (g), (l), (m), and (n) of section 237 of the Foreign 
Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2197) shall apply with respect to the 
Corporation to the same extent and in the same manner as such 
subsections applied with respect to the Overseas Private Investment 
Corporation on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act.

                   TITLE VI--TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS

SEC. 1461. DEFINITIONS.

    In this title:
            (1) Agency.--The term ``agency'' includes any entity, 
        organizational unit, program, or function.
            (2) Transition period.--The term ``transition period'' 
        means the period--
                    (A) beginning on the date of the enactment of this 
                Act; and
                    (B) ending on the effective date of the 
                reorganization plan required by section 1462(e).

SEC. 1462. REORGANIZATION PLAN.

    (a) Submission of Plan.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 120 days after the date of 
        the enactment of this Act, the President shall transmit to the 
        appropriate congressional committees a reorganization plan 
        regarding the following:
                    (A) The transfer of agencies, personnel, assets, 
                and obligations to the Corporation pursuant to this 
                title.
                    (B) Any consolidation, reorganization, or 
                streamlining of agencies transferred to the Corporation 
                pursuant to this title.
                    (C) Any efficiencies or cost savings achieved or 
                additional costs incurred as a result of the transfer 
                of agencies, personnel, assets, and obligations to the 
                Corporation pursuant to this title, including 
                reductions in unnecessary or duplicative operations, 
                assets, and personnel.
            (2) Consultation.--Not later than 15 days before the date 
        on which the plan is transmitted pursuant to this subsection, 
        the President shall consult with the appropriate congressional 
        committees on such plan.
    (b) Plan Elements.--The plan transmitted under subsection (a) shall 
contain, consistent with this division, such elements as the President 
deems appropriate, including the following:
            (1) Identification of any functions of agencies transferred 
        to the Corporation pursuant to this title that will not be 
        transferred to the Corporation under the plan.
            (2) Specification of the steps to be taken to organize the 
        Corporation, including the delegation or assignment of 
        functions transferred to the Corporation.
            (3) Specification of the funds available to each agency 
        that will be transferred to the Corporation as a result of 
        transfers under the plan.
            (4) Specification of the proposed allocations within the 
        Corporation of unexpended funds transferred in connection with 
        transfers under the plan.
            (5) Specification of any proposed disposition of property, 
        facilities, contracts, records, and other assets and 
        obligations of agencies transferred under the plan.
            (6) Specification of the number of authorized positions and 
        personnel employed before the end of the transition period that 
        will be transferred to the Corporation, including plans to 
        mitigate the impact of such transfers on the United States 
        Agency for International Development.
    (c) Report on Coordination.--
            (1) In general.--The transfer of functions authorized by 
        this section may occur only after the President and Chief 
        Executive Officer of the Overseas Private Investment 
        Corporation and the Administrator of the United States Agency 
        for International Development jointly submit to the Committee 
        on Foreign Affairs and Committee on Appropriations of the House 
        of Representatives and Committee on Foreign Relations and 
        Committee on Appropriations of the Senate a report in writing 
        that contains the information required by paragraph (2).
            (2) Information required.--The information required by this 
        paragraph includes a description in detail of the procedures to 
        be followed after the transfer of functions authorized by this 
        section have occurred to coordinate between the Corporation and 
        the United States Agency for International Development in 
        carrying out the functions so transferred.
    (d) Modification of Plan.--The President shall consult with the 
appropriate congressional committees before making any material 
modification or revision to the plan before the plan becomes effective 
in accordance with subsection (e).
    (e) Effective Date.--
            (1) In general.--The reorganization plan described in this 
        section, including any modifications or revisions of the plan 
        under subsection (c), shall become effective for an agency on 
        the date specified in the plan (or the plan as modified 
        pursuant to subsection (d)), except that such date may not be 
        earlier than 90 days after the date the President has 
        transmitted the reorganization plan to the appropriate 
        congressional committees pursuant to subsection (a).
            (2) Statutory construction.--Nothing in this subsection may 
        be construed to require the transfer of functions, personnel, 
        records, balances of appropriations, or other assets of an 
        agency on a single date.

SEC. 1463. TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS.

    (a) In General.--Effective at the end of the transition period, 
there shall be transferred to the Corporation the functions, personnel, 
assets, and liabilities of--
            (1) the Overseas Private Investment Corporation, as in 
        existence on the day before the date of the enactment of this 
        Act; and
            (2) the following elements of the United States Agency for 
        International Development:
                    (A) The Development Credit Authority.
                    (B) The existing Legacy Credit portfolio under the 
                Urban Environment Program and any other direct loan 
                programs and non-Development Credit Authority guaranty 
                programs authorized by the Foreign Assistance Act of 
                1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.) or other predecessor 
                Acts, as in existence on the date of the enactment of 
                this Act, other than any sovereign loan guaranties.
    (b) Additional Transfer Authority.--Effective at the end of the 
transition period, there is authorized to be transferred to the 
Corporation, with the concurrence of the Administrator of the United 
States Agency for International Development, the functions, personnel, 
assets, and liabilities of the following elements of the United States 
Agency for International Development:
            (1) The Office of Private Capital and Microenterprise.
            (2) The enterprise funds.
    (c) Sovereign Loan Guaranty Transfer.--
            (1) In general.--Effective at the end of the transition 
        period, there is authorized to be transferred to the 
        Corporation or any other appropriate department or agency of 
        the United States Government the loan accounts and the legal 
        rights and responsibilities for the sovereign loan guaranty 
        portfolio held by the United States Agency for International 
        Development as in existence on the day before the date of the 
        enactment of this Act.
            (2) Inclusion in reorganization plan.--The President shall 
        include in the reorganization plan submitted under section 1462 
        a description of the transfer authorized under paragraph (1).
    (d) Bilateral Agreements.--Any bilateral agreement of the United 
States in effect on the date of the enactment of this Act that serves 
as the basis for programs of the Overseas Private Investment 
Corporation and the Development Credit Authority shall be considered as 
satisfying the requirements of section 1431(a).
    (e) Transition.--During the transition period, the agencies 
specified in subsection (a) shall--
            (1) continue to administer the assets and obligations of 
        those agencies; and
            (2) carry out such programs and activities authorized under 
        this division as may be determined by the President.

SEC. 1464. TERMINATION OF OVERSEAS PRIVATE INVESTMENT CORPORATION AND 
              OTHER SUPERCEDED AUTHORITIES.

    Effective at the end of the transition period--
            (1) the Overseas Private Investment Corporation is 
        terminated; and
            (2) title IV of chapter 2 of part I of the Foreign 
        Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2191 et seq.) (other than 
        subsections (g), (l), (m), and (n) of section 237 of that Act) 
        is repealed.

SEC. 1465. TRANSITIONAL AUTHORITIES.

    (a) Provision of Assistance by Officials.--Until the transfer of an 
agency to the Corporation under section 1463, any official having 
authority over, or functions relating to, the agency on the day before 
the date of the enactment of this Act shall provide to the Corporation 
such assistance, including the use of personnel and assets, as the 
Corporation may request in preparing for the transfer and integration 
of the agency into the Corporation.
    (b) Services and Personnel.--During the transition period, upon the 
request of the Corporation, the head of any executive agency may, on a 
reimbursable or non-reimbursable basis, provide services or detail 
personnel to assist with the transition.
    (c) Acting Officials.--
            (1) In general.--During the transition period, pending the 
        advice and consent of the Senate to the appointment of an 
        officer required by this division to be appointed by and with 
        such advice and consent, the President may designate any 
        officer whose appointment was required to be made by and with 
        such advice and consent and who was such an officer before the 
        end of the transition period (and who continues in office) or 
        immediately before such designation, to act in such office 
        until the same is filled as provided in this division. While so 
        acting, such officers shall receive compensation at the higher 
        of--
                    (A) the rates provided by this division for the 
                respective offices in which they act; or
                    (B) the rates provided for the offices held at the 
                time of designation.
            (2) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this division shall 
        be construed to require the advice and consent of the Senate to 
        the appointment by the President to a position in the 
        Corporation of any officer whose agency is transferred to the 
        Corporation pursuant to this title and whose duties following 
        such transfer are germane to those performed before such 
        transfer.
    (d) Transfer of Personnel, Assets, Obligations, and Functions.--
Upon the transfer of an agency to the Corporation under section 1463--
            (1) the personnel, assets, and obligations held by or 
        available in connection with the agency shall be transferred to 
        the Corporation for appropriate allocation, subject to the 
        approval of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget 
        and in accordance with section 1531(a)(2) of title 31, United 
        States Code; and
            (2) the Corporation shall have all functions--
                    (A) relating to the agency that any other official 
                could by law exercise in relation to the agency 
                immediately before such transfer; and
                    (B) vested in the Corporation by this division or 
                other law.

SEC. 1466. SAVINGS PROVISIONS.

    (a) Completed Administrative Actions.--
            (1) In general.--Completed administrative actions of an 
        agency shall not be affected by the enactment of this Act or 
        the transfer of such agency to the Corporation under section 
        1463, but shall continue in effect according to their terms 
        until amended, modified, superseded, terminated, set aside, or 
        revoked in accordance with law by an officer of the United 
        States or a court of competent jurisdiction, or by operation of 
        law.
            (2) Completed administrative action defined.--In this 
        subsection, the term ``completed administrative action'' 
        includes orders, determinations, rules, regulations, personnel 
        actions, permits, agreements, grants, contracts, certificates, 
        policies, licenses, registrations, and privileges.
    (b) Pending Proceedings.--
            (1) In general.--Pending proceedings in an agency, 
        including notices of proposed rulemaking, and applications for 
        licenses, permits, certificates, grants, and financial 
        assistance, shall continue notwithstanding the enactment of 
        this Act or the transfer of the agency to the Corporation, 
        unless discontinued or modified under the same terms and 
        conditions and to the same extent that such discontinuance 
        could have occurred if such enactment or transfer had not 
        occurred.
            (2) Orders.--Orders issued in proceedings described in 
        paragraph (1), and appeals therefrom, and payments made 
        pursuant to such orders, shall issue in the same manner and on 
        the same terms as if this division had not been enacted or the 
        agency had not been transferred, and any such orders shall 
        continue in effect until amended, modified, superseded, 
        terminated, set aside, or revoked by an officer of the United 
        States or a court of competent jurisdiction, or by operation of 
        law.
    (c) Pending Civil Actions.--Pending civil actions shall continue 
notwithstanding the enactment of this Act or the transfer of an agency 
to the Corporation, and in such civil actions, proceedings shall be 
had, appeals taken, and judgments rendered and enforced in the same 
manner and with the same effect as if such enactment or transfer had 
not occurred.
    (d) References.--References relating to an agency that is 
transferred to the Corporation under section 1463 in statutes, 
Executive orders, rules, regulations, directives, or delegations of 
authority that precede such transfer or the date of the enactment of 
this Act shall be deemed to refer, as appropriate, to the Corporation, 
to its officers, employees, or agents, or to its corresponding 
organizational units or functions. Statutory reporting requirements 
that applied in relation to such an agency immediately before the 
effective date of this division shall continue to apply following such 
transfer if they refer to the agency by name.
    (e) Employment Provisions.--
            (1) Regulations.--The Corporation may, in regulations 
        prescribed jointly with the Director of the Office of Personnel 
        Management, adopt the rules, procedures, terms, and conditions, 
        established by statute, rule, or regulation before the date of 
        the enactment of this Act, relating to employment in any agency 
        transferred to the Corporation under section 1463.
            (2) Effect of transfer on conditions of employment.--Except 
        as otherwise provided in this division, or under authority 
        granted by this division, the transfer pursuant to this title 
        of personnel shall not alter the terms and conditions of 
        employment, including compensation, of any employee so 
        transferred.
    (f) Statutory Reporting Requirements.--Any statutory reporting 
requirement that applied to an agency transferred to the Corporation 
under this title immediately before the date of the enactment of this 
Act shall continue to apply following that transfer if the statutory 
requirement refers to the agency by name.

SEC. 1467. OTHER TERMINATIONS.

    Except as otherwise provided in this division, whenever all the 
functions vested by law in any agency have been transferred pursuant to 
this title, each position and office the incumbent of which was 
authorized to receive compensation at the rates prescribed for an 
office or position at level II, III, IV, or V of the Executive Schedule 
under subchapter II of chapter 53 of title 5, United States Code, shall 
terminate.

SEC. 1468. INCIDENTAL TRANSFERS.

    The Director of the Office of Management and Budget, in 
consultation with the Corporation, is authorized and directed to make 
such additional incidental dispositions of personnel, assets, and 
liabilities held, used, arising from, available, or to be made 
available, in connection with the functions transferred by this title, 
as the Director may determine necessary to accomplish the purposes of 
this division.

SEC. 1469. REFERENCE.

    With respect to any function transferred under this title 
(including under a reorganization plan under section 1462) and 
exercised on or after the date of the enactment of this Act, reference 
in any other Federal law to any department, commission, or agency or 
any officer or office the functions of which are so transferred shall 
be deemed to refer to the Corporation or official or component of the 
Corporation to which that function is so transferred.

SEC. 1470. CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.

    (a) Exempt Programs.--Section 255(g) of the Balanced Budget and 
Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (2 U.S.C. 905(g)) is amended by 
striking ``Overseas Private Investment Corporation, Noncredit Account 
(71-4184-0-3-151).'' and inserting ``United States International 
Development Finance Corporation.''.
    (b) Executive Schedule.--Title 5, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in section 5314, by striking ``President, Overseas 
        Private Investment Corporation.'';
            (2) in section 5315, by striking ``Executive Vice 
        President, Overseas Private Investment Corporation.''; and
            (3) in section 5316, by striking ``Vice Presidents, 
        Overseas Private Investment Corporation (3).''.
    (c) Office of International Trade of the Small Business 
Administration.--Section 22 of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 649) 
is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b), in the matter preceding paragraph 
        (1), by striking ``the President of the Overseas Private 
        Investment Corporation, Director'' and inserting ``the Board of 
        Directors of the United States International Development 
        Finance Corporation, the Director''; and
            (2) by striking ``Overseas Private Investment Corporation'' 
        each place it appears and inserting ``United States 
        International Development Finance Corporation''.
    (d) United States and Foreign Commercial Service.--Section 2301 of 
the Export Enhancement Act of 1988 (15 U.S.C. 4721) is amended by 
striking ``Overseas Private Investment Corporation'' each place it 
appears and inserting ``United States International Development Finance 
Corporation''.
    (e) Trade Promotion Coordinating Committee.--Section 2312(d)(1)(K) 
of the Export Enhancement Act of 1988 (15 U.S.C. 4727(d)(1)(K)) is 
amended by striking ``Overseas Private Investment Corporation'' and 
inserting ``United States International Development Finance 
Corporation''.
    (f) Interagency Trade Data Advisory Committee.--Section 5402(b) of 
the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988 (15 U.S.C. 4902(b)) 
is amended by striking ``the President of the Overseas Private 
Investment Corporation'' and inserting ``the Chief Executive Officer of 
the United States International Development Finance Corporation''.
    (g) Misuse of Names of Federal Agencies.--Section 709 of title 18, 
United States Code, is amended by striking ```Overseas Private 
Investment', `Overseas Private Investment Corporation', or `OPIC','' 
and inserting ```United States International Development Finance 
Corporation' or `DFC'''.
    (h) Engagement on Currency Exchange Rate and Economic Policies.--
Section 701(c)(1)(A) of the Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement 
Act of 2015 (19 U.S.C. 4421(c)(1)(A)) is amended by striking ``Overseas 
Private Investment Corporation'' and inserting ``United States 
International Development Finance Corporation''.
    (i) Internships With Institute for International Public Policy.--
Section 625 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1131c(a)) is 
amended by striking ``Overseas Private Investment Corporation'' and 
inserting ``United States International Development Finance 
Corporation''.
    (j) Foreign Assistance Act of 1961.--The Foreign Assistance Act of 
1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.) is amended--
            (1) in section 116--
                    (A) in subsection (a), by inserting ``, and no 
                support may be provided under title II of the Better 
                Utilization of Investments Leading to Development Act 
                of 2018,'' after ``this part'';
                    (B) in the first subsection (b)--
                            (i) by inserting ``or title II of the 
                        Better Utilization of Investments Leading to 
                        Development Act of 2018'' after ``this part'';
                            (ii) by inserting ``or the Chief Executive 
                        Officer of the United States International 
                        Development Finance Corporation, as 
                        applicable,'' after ``this Act'';
                            (iii) by inserting ``or support'' after 
                        ``the assistance''; and
                            (iv) by inserting ``or support'' after 
                        ``such assistance'' each place it appears;
                    (C) in the second subsection (b), by inserting 
                ``under this part, and no support may be provided under 
                title II of the Better Utilization of Investments 
                Leading to Development Act of 2018,'' after 
                ``provided''; and
                    (D) in subsection (c), by striking ``under this 
                part, the Administrator'' and inserting ``under this 
                part, or support provided under title II of the Better 
                Utilization of Investments Leading to Development Act 
                of 2018, the Administrator, or the Chief Executive 
                Officer of the United States International Development 
                Finance Corporation, as applicable,'';
            (2) in section 449B(b)(2) (22 U.S.C. 2296b(b)(2)), by 
        striking ``Overseas Private Investment Corporation'' and 
        inserting ``United States International Development Finance 
        Corporation''; and
            (3) in section 481(e)(4)(A) (22 U.S.C. 2291(e)(4)(A)), in 
        the matter preceding clause (i), by striking ``(including 
        programs under title IV of chapter 2, relating to the Overseas 
        Private Investment Corporation)'' and inserting ``(and any 
        support under title II of the Better Utilization of Investments 
        Leading to Development Act of 2018, relating to the United 
        States International Development Finance Corporation)''.
    (k) Electrify Africa Act of 2015.--Sections 5 and 7 of the 
Electrify Africa Act of 2015 (Public Law 114-121; 22 U.S.C. 2293 note) 
are amended by striking ``Overseas Private Investment Corporation'' 
each place it appears and inserting ``United States International 
Development Finance Corporation''.
    (l) Foreign Aid Transparency and Accountability Act of 2016.--
Section 2(3) of the Foreign Aid Transparency and Accountability Act of 
2016 (Public Law 114-191; 22 U.S.C. 2394c note) is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``except for'' and all 
        that follows through ``chapter 3'' and insert ``except for 
        chapter 3'';
            (2) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (3) in subparagraph (D), by striking the period at the end 
        and inserting ``; and''; and
            (4) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(E) the Better Utilization of Investments Leading 
                to Development Act of 2018.''.
    (m) Support for East European Democracy (SEED) Program.--The 
Support for East European Democracy (SEED) Act of 1989 (22 U.S.C. 5401 
et seq.) is amended--
            (1) in section 2(c) (22 U.S.C. 5401(c)), by striking 
        paragraph (12) and inserting the following:
            ``(12) United states international development finance 
        corporation.--Programs of the United States International 
        Development Finance Corporation.''; and
            (2) in section 201 (22 U.S.C. 5421), by striking subsection 
        (e) and inserting the following:
    ``(e) Grants to Enterprise Funds.--Funds appropriated to the 
President pursuant to subsection (b) shall be granted to the Enterprise 
Funds to carry out the purposes specified in subsection (a) and for the 
administrative expenses of each Enterprise Fund--
            ``(1) except as provided in paragraph (2), by the United 
        States Agency for International Development; or
            ``(2) if the Enterprise Funds are transferred to the United 
        States International Development Finance Corporation pursuant 
        to section 1463(b) of the Better Utilization of Investments 
        Leading to Development Act of 2018, by the Corporation.''.
    (n) Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity (LIBERTAD) Act of 
1996.--Section 202(b)(2)(B)(iv) of the Cuban Liberty and Democratic 
Solidarity (LIBERTAD) Act of 1996 (22 U.S.C. 6062(b)(2)(B)(iv)) is 
amended by striking ``Overseas Private Investment Corporation'' and 
inserting ``United States International Development Finance 
Corporation''.
    (o) International Religious Freedom Act of 1998.--Section 
405(a)(10) of the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998 (22 
U.S.C. 6445(a)(10)) is amended by striking ``Overseas Private 
Investment Corporation'' and inserting ``United States International 
Development Finance Corporation''.
    (p) Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000.--Section 103(8)(A) 
of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (22 U.S.C. 
7102(8)(A)) is amended in clause (viii) to read as follows:
                            ``(viii) any support under title II of the 
                        Better Utilization of Investments Leading to 
                        Development Act of 2018 relating to the United 
                        States International Development Finance 
                        Corporation; and''.
    (q) Technology Deployment in Developing Countries.--Section 732(b) 
of the Global Environmental Protection Assistance Act of 1989 (22 
U.S.C. 7902(b)) is amended by striking ``Overseas Private Investment 
Corporation'' and inserting ``United States International Development 
Finance Corporation''.
    (r) Expanded Nonmilitary Assistance for Ukraine.--Section 7(c)(3) 
of the Ukraine Freedom Support Act of 2014 (22 U.S.C. 8926(c)(3)) is 
amended--
            (1) in the paragraph heading, by striking ``Overseas 
        private investment corporation'' and inserting ``United states 
        international development finance corporation'';
            (2) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking 
        ``Overseas Private Investment Corporation'' and inserting 
        ``United States International Development Finance 
        Corporation''; and
            (3) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``by eligible 
        investors (as defined in section 238 of the Foreign Assistance 
        Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2198))''.
    (s) Global Food Security Act of 2016.--Section 4(7) of the Global 
Food Security Act of 2016 (22 U.S.C. 9303(7)) is amended by striking 
``Overseas Private Investment Corporation'' and inserting ``United 
States International Development Finance Corporation''.
    (t) Sense of Congress on European and Eurasian Energy Security.--
Section 257(c)(2)(B) of the Countering Russian Influence in Europe and 
Eurasia Act of 2017 (22 U.S.C. 9546(c)(2)(B)) is amended by striking 
``Overseas Private Investment Corporation'' and inserting ``United 
States International Development Finance Corporation''.
    (u) Wholly Owned Government Corporation.--Section 9101(3) of title 
31, United States Code, is amended by striking ``Overseas Private 
Investment Corporation'' and inserting ``United States International 
Development Finance Corporation''.
    (v) Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007.--Title IX of the 
Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (42 U.S.C. 17321 et seq.) 
is amended--
            (1) in section 914 (42 U.S.C. 17334)--
                    (A) in the section heading, by striking ``overseas 
                private investment corporation'' and inserting ``united 
                states international development finance corporation'';
                    (B) in subsection (a), in the matter preceding 
                paragraph (1), by striking ``Overseas Private 
                Investment Corporation'' and inserting ``United States 
                International Development Finance Corporation''; and
                    (C) in subsection (b), in the matter preceding 
                paragraph (1), by striking ``Overseas Private 
                Investment Corporation shall include in its annual 
                report required under section 240A of the Foreign 
                Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2200a)'' and 
                inserting ``United States International Development 
                Finance Corporation shall include in its annual report 
                required under section 1443 of the Better Utilization 
                of Investments Leading to Development Act of 2018''; 
                and
            (2) in section 916(a)(2)(I) (42 U.S.C. 17336(a)(2)(I)), by 
        striking ``Overseas Private Investment Corporation:'' and 
        inserting ``United States International Development Finance 
        Corporation;''.
    (w) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall take 
effect at the end of the transition period.

                     DIVISION G--SYRIA STUDY GROUP

SEC. 1501. SYRIA STUDY GROUP.

    (a) Establishment.--There is established a working group to be 
known as the ``Syria Study Group'' (in this section referred to as the 
``Group'').
    (b) Purpose.--The purpose of the Group is to examine and make 
recommendations on the military and diplomatic strategy of the United 
States with respect to the conflict in Syria.
    (c) Composition.--
            (1) Membership.--The Group shall be composed of 12 members, 
        none of whom may be members of Congress, who shall be appointed 
        as follows:
                    (A) One member appointed by the chair of the 
                Committee on Armed Services of the Senate.
                    (B) One member appointed by the ranking minority 
                member of the Committee on Armed Services of the 
                Senate.
                    (C) One member appointed by the chair of the 
                Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate.
                    (D) One member appointed by the ranking minority 
                member of the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 
                Senate.
                    (E) One member appointed by the chair of the 
                Committee on Armed Services of the House of 
                Representatives.
                    (F) One member appointed by the ranking minority 
                member of the Committee on Armed Services of the House 
                of Representatives.
                    (G) One member appointed by the chair of the 
                Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of 
                Representatives.
                    (H) One member appointed by the ranking minority 
                member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House 
                of Representatives.
                    (I) One member appointed by the majority leader of 
                the Senate.
                    (J) One member appointed by the minority leader of 
                the Senate.
                    (K) One member appointed by the Speaker of the 
                House of Representatives.
                    (L) One member appointed by the minority leader of 
                the House of Representatives.
            (2) Co-chairs.--
                    (A) Of the members of the Group, one co-chair shall 
                be jointly designated by--
                            (i) the chairs of the Committee on Armed 
                        Services and the Committee on Foreign Relations 
                        of the Senate;
                            (ii) the chairs of the Committee on Armed 
                        Services and the Committee on Foreign Affairs 
                        of the House of Representatives;
                            (iii) the majority leader of the Senate; 
                        and
                            (iv) the Speaker of the House of 
                        Representatives.
                    (B) Of the members of the Group, one co-chair shall 
                be jointly designated by--
                            (i) the ranking minority members of the 
                        Committee on Armed Services and the Committee 
                        on Foreign Relations of the Senate;
                            (ii) the ranking minority members of the 
                        Committee on Armed Services and the Committee 
                        on Foreign Affairs of the House of 
                        Representatives;
                            (iii) the minority leader of the Senate; 
                        and
                            (iv) the minority leader of the House of 
                        Representatives.
            (3) Period of appointment.--A member shall be appointed for 
        the life of the Group.
            (4) Vacancies.--Any vacancy in the Group shall be filled in 
        the same manner as the original appointment.
    (d) Duties.--
            (1) Review.--The Group shall conduct a review on the 
        current United States military and diplomatic strategy with 
        respect to the conflict in Syria that includes a review of 
        current United States objectives in Syria and the desired end 
        state in Syria.
            (2) Assessment and recommendations.--The Group shall--
                    (A) conduct a comprehensive assessment of the 
                current situation in Syria, the impact of such 
                situation on neighboring countries, the resulting 
                regional and geopolitical threats to the United States, 
                and current military, diplomatic, and political efforts 
                to achieve a stable Syria; and
                    (B) develop recommendations on the military and 
                diplomatic strategy of the United States with respect 
                to the conflict in Syria.
    (e) Cooperation of United States Government.--
            (1) In general.--The Group shall receive the full and 
        timely cooperation of the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary 
        of State, and the Director of National Intelligence in 
        providing the Group with analyses, briefings, and other 
        information necessary for the discharge of the duties of the 
        Group under subsection (d).
            (2) Liaison.--The Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of 
        State, and the Director of National Intelligence shall each 
        designate at least one officer or employee of the Department of 
        Defense, the Department of State, and the Office of the 
        Director of National Intelligence, respectively, to serve as a 
        liaison to the Group.
            (3) Facilitation.--The United States Institute of Peace 
        shall take appropriate actions to facilitate the Group in the 
        discharge of the duties of the Group under this section.
    (f) Reports.--
            (1) Final report.--
                    (A) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the 
                date of enactment of this section, the Group shall 
                submit to the President, the Secretary of Defense, the 
                Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on 
                Foreign Relations of the Senate, the Committee on Armed 
                Services and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the 
                House of Representatives, the majority and minority 
                leaders of the Senate, the Speaker of the House of 
                Representatives, and the minority leader of the House 
                of Representatives a report that sets forth the 
                findings, conclusions, and recommendations of the Group 
                under this section.
                    (B) Elements.--The report required by subparagraph 
                (A) shall include each of the following:
                            (i) An assessment of the current security, 
                        political, humanitarian, and economic 
                        situations in Syria.
                            (ii) An assessment of the current 
                        participation and objectives of the various 
                        external actors in Syria.
                            (iii) An assessment of the consequences of 
                        continued conflict in Syria.
                            (iv) Recommendations for a resolution to 
                        the conflict in Syria, including--
                                    (I) options for a gradual political 
                                transition to a post-Assad Syria; and
                                    (II) actions necessary for 
                                reconciliation.
                            (v) A roadmap for a United States and 
                        coalition strategy to reestablish security and 
                        governance in Syria, including recommendations 
                        for the synchronization of stabilization, 
                        development, counterterrorism, and 
                        reconstruction efforts.
                            (vi) Any other matter with respect to the 
                        conflict in Syria that the Group considers to 
                        be appropriate.
            (2) Interim report.--Not later than 90 days after the date 
        of enactment of this section, the Group shall submit to the 
        Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Foreign 
        Relations of the Senate, the Committee on Armed Services and 
        the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of 
        Representatives, the majority and minority leaders of the 
        Senate, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, and the 
        minority leader of the House of Representatives a report that 
        describes the status of the review and assessment under 
        subsection (d) and any interim recommendations developed by the 
        Group as of the date of the briefing.
            (3) Form of report.--The report submitted to Congress under 
        paragraph (1) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may 
        include a classified annex.
    (g) Termination.--The Group shall terminate on the date that is 180 
days after the date on which the Group submits the report required by 
subsection (f)(1).

                DIVISION H--PREVENTING EMERGING THREATS

SEC. 1601. SHORT TITLE.

    This division may be cited as the ``Preventing Emerging Threats Act 
of 2018''.

SEC. 1602. PROTECTION OF CERTAIN FACILITIES AND ASSETS FROM UNMANNED 
              AIRCRAFT.

    (a) In General.--Subtitle A of title II of the Homeland Security 
Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 121 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:

``SEC. 210G. PROTECTION OF CERTAIN FACILITIES AND ASSETS FROM UNMANNED 
              AIRCRAFT.

    ``(a) Authority.--Notwithstanding section 46502 of title 49, United 
States Code, or sections 32, 1030, 1367 and chapters 119 and 206 of 
title 18, United States Code, the Secretary and the Attorney General 
may, for their respective Departments, take, and may authorize 
personnel with assigned duties that include the security or protection 
of people, facilities, or assets, to take such actions as are described 
in subsection (b)(1) that are necessary to mitigate a credible threat 
(as defined by the Secretary or the Attorney General, in consultation 
with the Secretary of Transportation) that an unmanned aircraft system 
or unmanned aircraft poses to the safety or security of a covered 
facility or asset.
    ``(b) Actions Described.--
            ``(1) In general.--The actions authorized in subsection (a) 
        are the following:
                    ``(A) During the operation of the unmanned aircraft 
                system, detect, identify, monitor, and track the 
                unmanned aircraft system or unmanned aircraft, without 
                prior consent, including by means of intercept or other 
                access of a wire communication, an oral communication, 
                or an electronic communication used to control the 
                unmanned aircraft system or unmanned aircraft.
                    ``(B) Warn the operator of the unmanned aircraft 
                system or unmanned aircraft, including by passive or 
                active, and direct or indirect physical, electronic, 
                radio, and electromagnetic means.
                    ``(C) Disrupt control of the unmanned aircraft 
                system or unmanned aircraft, without prior consent, 
                including by disabling the unmanned aircraft system or 
                unmanned aircraft by intercepting, interfering, or 
                causing interference with wire, oral, electronic, or 
                radio communications used to control the unmanned 
                aircraft system or unmanned aircraft.
                    ``(D) Seize or exercise control of the unmanned 
                aircraft system or unmanned aircraft.
                    ``(E) Seize or otherwise confiscate the unmanned 
                aircraft system or unmanned aircraft.
                    ``(F) Use reasonable force, if necessary, to 
                disable, damage, or destroy the unmanned aircraft 
                system or unmanned aircraft.
            ``(2) Required coordination.--The Secretary and the 
        Attorney General shall develop for their respective Departments 
        the actions described in paragraph (1) in coordination with the 
        Secretary of Transportation.
            ``(3) Research, testing, training, and evaluation.--The 
        Secretary and the Attorney General shall conduct research, 
        testing, training on, and evaluation of any equipment, 
        including any electronic equipment, to determine its capability 
        and utility prior to the use of any such technology for any 
        action described in subsection (b)(1).
            ``(4) Coordination.--The Secretary and the Attorney General 
        shall coordinate with the Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
        Administration when any action authorized by this section might 
        affect aviation safety, civilian aviation and aerospace 
        operations, aircraft airworthiness, or the use of the airspace.
    ``(c) Forfeiture.--Any unmanned aircraft system or unmanned 
aircraft described in subsection (a) that is seized by the Secretary or 
the Attorney General is subject to forfeiture to the United States.
    ``(d) Regulations and Guidance.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary, the Attorney General, and 
        the Secretary of Transportation may prescribe regulations and 
        shall issue guidance in the respective areas of each Secretary 
        or the Attorney General to carry out this section.
            ``(2) Coordination.--
                    ``(A) Coordination with department of 
                transportation.--The Secretary and the Attorney General 
                shall coordinate the development of their respective 
                guidance under paragraph (1) with the Secretary of 
                Transportation.
                    ``(B) Effect on aviation safety.--The Secretary and 
                the Attorney General shall respectively coordinate with 
                the Secretary of Transportation and the Administrator 
                of the Federal Aviation Administration before issuing 
                any guidance, or otherwise implementing this section, 
                if such guidance or implementation might affect 
                aviation safety, civilian aviation and aerospace 
                operations, aircraft airworthiness, or the use of 
                airspace.
    ``(e) Privacy Protection.--The regulations or guidance issued to 
carry out actions authorized under subsection (b) by each Secretary or 
the Attorney General, as the case may be, shall ensure that--
            ``(1) the interception or acquisition of, or access to, or 
        maintenance or use of, communications to or from an unmanned 
        aircraft system under this section is conducted in a manner 
        consistent with the First and Fourth Amendments to the 
        Constitution of the United States and applicable provisions of 
        Federal law;
            ``(2) communications to or from an unmanned aircraft system 
        are intercepted or acquired only to the extent necessary to 
        support an action described in subsection (b)(1);
            ``(3) records of such communications are maintained only 
        for as long as necessary, and in no event for more than 180 
        days, unless the Secretary of Homeland Security or the Attorney 
        General determine that maintenance of such records is necessary 
        to investigate or prosecute a violation of law, directly 
        support an ongoing security operation, is required under 
        Federal law, or for the purpose of any litigation;
            ``(4) such communications are not disclosed outside the 
        Department of Homeland Security or the Department of Justice 
        unless the disclosure--
                    ``(A) is necessary to investigate or prosecute a 
                violation of law;
                    ``(B) would support the Department of Defense, a 
                Federal law enforcement agency, or the enforcement 
                activities of a regulatory agency of the Federal 
                Government in connection with a criminal or civil 
                investigation of, or any regulatory, statutory, or 
                other enforcement action relating to an action 
                described in subsection (b)(1);
                    ``(C) is between the Department of Homeland 
                Security and the Department of Justice in the course of 
                a security or protection operation of either agency or 
                a joint operation of such agencies; or
                    ``(D) is otherwise required by law; and
            ``(5) to the extent necessary, the Department of Homeland 
        Security and the Department of Justice are authorized to share 
        threat information, which shall not include communications 
        referred to in subsection (b), with State, local, territorial, 
        or tribal law enforcement agencies in the course of a security 
        or protection operation.
    ``(f) Budget.--The Secretary and the Attorney General shall submit 
to Congress, as a part of the homeland security or justice budget 
materials for each fiscal year after fiscal year 2019, a consolidated 
funding display that identifies the funding source for the actions 
described in subsection (b)(1) within the Department of Homeland 
Security or the Department of Justice. The funding display shall be in 
unclassified form, but may contain a classified annex.
    ``(g) Semiannual Briefings and Notifications.--
            ``(1) In general.--On a semiannual basis during the period 
        beginning 6 months after the date of enactment of this section 
        and ending on the date specified in subsection (i), the 
        Secretary and the Attorney General shall, respectively, provide 
        a briefing to the appropriate congressional committees on the 
        activities carried out pursuant to this section.
            ``(2) Requirement.--Each briefing required under paragraph 
        (1) shall be conducted jointly with the Secretary of 
        Transportation.
            ``(3) Content.--Each briefing required under paragraph (1) 
        shall include--
                    ``(A) policies, programs, and procedures to 
                mitigate or eliminate impacts of such activities to the 
                National Airspace System;
                    ``(B) a description of instances in which actions 
                described in subsection (b)(1) have been taken, 
                including all such instances that may have resulted in 
                harm, damage, or loss to a person or to private 
                property;
                    ``(C) a description of the guidance, policies, or 
                procedures established to address privacy, civil 
                rights, and civil liberties issues implicated by the 
                actions allowed under this section, as well as any 
                changes or subsequent efforts that would significantly 
                affect privacy, civil rights or civil liberties;
                    ``(D) a description of options considered and steps 
                taken to mitigate any identified impacts to the 
                national airspace system related to the use of any 
                system or technology, including the minimization of the 
                use of any technology that disrupts the transmission of 
                radio or electronic signals, for carrying out the 
                actions described in subsection (b)(1);
                    ``(E) a description of instances in which 
                communications intercepted or acquired during the 
                course of operations of an unmanned aircraft system 
                were held for more than 180 days or shared outside of 
                the Department of Justice or the Department of Homeland 
                Security;
                    ``(F) how the Secretary, the Attorney General, and 
                the Secretary of Transportation have informed the 
                public as to the possible use of authorities under this 
                section;
                    ``(G) how the Secretary, the Attorney General, and 
                the Secretary of Transportation have engaged with 
                Federal, State, and local law enforcement agencies to 
                implement and use such authorities.
            ``(4) Unclassified form.--Each briefing required under 
        paragraph (1) shall be in unclassified form, but may be 
        accompanied by an additional classified briefing.
            ``(5) Notification.--Within 30 days of deploying any new 
        technology to carry out the actions described in subsection 
        (b)(1), the Secretary and the Attorney General shall, 
        respectively, submit a notification to the appropriate 
        congressional committees. Such notification shall include a 
        description of options considered to mitigate any identified 
        impacts to the national airspace system related to the use of 
        any system or technology, including the minimization of the use 
        of any technology that disrupts the transmission of radio or 
        electronic signals, for carrying out the actions described in 
        subsection (b)(1).
    ``(h) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section may be 
construed to--
            ``(1) vest in the Secretary or the Attorney General any 
        authority of the Secretary of Transportation or the 
        Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration;
            ``(2) vest in the Secretary of Transportation or the 
        Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration any 
        authority of the Secretary or the Attorney General;
            ``(3) vest in the Secretary of Homeland Security any 
        authority of the Attorney General;
            ``(4) vest in the Attorney General any authority of the 
        Secretary of Homeland Security; or
            ``(5) provide a new basis of liability for any State, 
        local, territorial, or tribal law enforcement officers who 
        participate in the protection of a mass gathering identified by 
        the Secretary or Attorney General under subsection 
        (k)(3)(C)(iii)(II), act within the scope of their authority, 
        and do not exercise the authority granted to the Secretary and 
        Attorney General by this section.
    ``(i) Termination.--The authority to carry out this section with 
respect to a covered facility or asset specified in subsection (k)(3) 
shall terminate on the date that is 4 years after the date of enactment 
of this section.
    ``(j) Scope of Authority.--Nothing in this section shall be 
construed to provide the Secretary or the Attorney General with 
additional authorities beyond those described in subsections (a) and 
(k)(3)(C)(iii).
    ``(k) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) The term `appropriate congressional committees' 
        means--
                    ``(A) the Committee on Homeland Security and 
                Governmental Affairs, the Committee on Commerce, 
                Science, and Transportation, and the Committee on the 
                Judiciary of the Senate; and
                    ``(B) the Committee on Homeland Security, the 
                Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, the 
                Committee on Energy and Commerce, and the Committee on 
                the Judiciary of the House of Representatives.
            ``(2) The term `budget', with respect to a fiscal year, 
        means the budget for that fiscal year that is submitted to 
        Congress by the President under section 1105(a) of title 31.
            ``(3) The term `covered facility or asset' means any 
        facility or asset that--
                    ``(A) is identified as high-risk and a potential 
                target for unlawful unmanned aircraft activity by the 
                Secretary or the Attorney General, in coordination with 
                the Secretary of Transportation with respect to 
                potentially impacted airspace, through a risk-based 
                assessment for purposes of this section (except that in 
                the case of the missions described in subparagraph 
                (C)(i)(II) and (C)(iii)(I), such missions shall be 
                presumed to be for the protection of a facility or 
                asset that is assessed to be high-risk and a potential 
                target for unlawful unmanned aircraft activity);
                    ``(B) is located in the United States (including 
                the territories and possessions, territorial seas or 
                navigable waters of the United States); and
                    ``(C) directly relates to one or more--
                            ``(i) missions authorized to be performed 
                        by the Department of Homeland Security, 
                        consistent with governing statutes, 
                        regulations, and orders issued by the 
                        Secretary, pertaining to--
                                    ``(I) security or protection 
                                functions of the U.S. Customs and 
                                Border Protection, including securing 
                                or protecting facilities, aircraft, and 
                                vessels, whether moored or underway;
                                    ``(II) United States Secret Service 
                                protection operations pursuant to 
                                sections 3056(a) and 3056A(a) of title 
                                18, United States Code, and the 
                                Presidential Protection Assistance Act 
                                of 1976 (18 U.S.C. 3056 note); or
                                    ``(III) protection of facilities 
                                pursuant to section 1315(a) of title 
                                40, United States Code;
                            ``(ii) missions authorized to be performed 
                        by the Department of Justice, consistent with 
                        governing statutes, regulations, and orders 
                        issued by the Attorney General, pertaining to--
                                    ``(I) personal protection 
                                operations by--
                                            ``(aa) the Federal Bureau 
                                        of Investigation as specified 
                                        in section 533 of title 28, 
                                        United States Code; and
                                            ``(bb) the United States 
                                        Marshals Service of Federal 
                                        jurists, court officers, 
                                        witnesses, and other threatened 
                                        persons in the interests of 
                                        justice, as specified in 
                                        section 566(e)(1)(A) of title 
                                        28, United States Code;
                                    ``(II) protection of penal, 
                                detention, and correctional facilities 
                                and operations conducted by the Federal 
                                Bureau of Prisons; or
                                    ``(III) protection of the buildings 
                                and grounds leased, owned, or operated 
                                by or for the Department of Justice, 
                                and the provision of security for 
                                Federal courts, as specified in section 
                                566(a) of title 28, United States Code;
                            ``(iii) missions authorized to be performed 
                        by the Department of Homeland Security or the 
                        Department of Justice, acting together or 
                        separately, consistent with governing statutes, 
                        regulations, and orders issued by the Secretary 
                        or the Attorney General, respectively, 
                        pertaining to--
                                    ``(I) protection of a National 
                                Special Security Event and Special 
                                Event Assessment Rating event;
                                    ``(II) the provision of support to 
                                State, local, territorial, or tribal 
                                law enforcement, upon request of the 
                                chief executive officer of the State or 
                                territory, to ensure protection of 
                                people and property at mass gatherings, 
                                that is limited to a specified 
                                timeframe and location, within 
                                available resources, and without 
                                delegating any authority under this 
                                section to State, local, territorial, 
                                or tribal law enforcement; or
                                    ``(III) protection of an active 
                                Federal law enforcement investigation, 
                                emergency response, or security 
                                function, that is limited to a 
                                specified timeframe and location; and
                            ``(iv) missions authorized to be performed 
                        by the United States Coast Guard, including 
                        those described in clause (iii) as directed by 
                        the Secretary, and as further set forth in 
                        section 104 of title 14, United States Code, 
                        and consistent with governing statutes, 
                        regulations, and orders issued by the Secretary 
                        of the Department in which the Coast Guard is 
                        operating.
            ``(4) The terms `electronic communication', `intercept', 
        `oral communication', and `wire communication' have the meaning 
        given those terms in section 2510 of title 18, United States 
        Code.
            ``(5) The term `homeland security or justice budget 
        materials', with respect to a fiscal year, means the materials 
        submitted to Congress by the Secretary and the Attorney General 
        in support of the budget for that fiscal year.
            ``(6) For purposes of subsection (a), the term `personnel' 
        means officers and employees of the Department of Homeland 
        Security or the Department of Justice.
            ``(7) The terms `unmanned aircraft' and `unmanned aircraft 
        system' have the meanings given those terms in section 44801, 
        of title 49, United States Code.
            ``(8) For purposes of this section, the term `risk-based 
        assessment' includes an evaluation of threat information 
        specific to a covered facility or asset and, with respect to 
        potential impacts on the safety and efficiency of the national 
        airspace system and the needs of law enforcement and national 
        security at each covered facility or asset identified by the 
        Secretary or the Attorney General, respectively, of each of the 
        following factors:
                    ``(A) Potential impacts to safety, efficiency, and 
                use of the national airspace system, including 
                potential effects on manned aircraft and unmanned 
                aircraft systems, aviation safety, airport operations, 
                infrastructure, and air navigation services related to 
                the use of any system or technology for carrying out 
                the actions described in subsection (b)(1).
                    ``(B) Options for mitigating any identified impacts 
                to the national airspace system related to the use of 
                any system or technology, including minimizing when 
                possible the use of any technology which disrupts the 
                transmission of radio or electronic signals, for 
                carrying out the actions described in subsection 
                (b)(1).
                    ``(C) Potential consequences of the impacts of any 
                actions taken under subsection (b)(1) to the national 
                airspace system and infrastructure if not mitigated.
                    ``(D) The ability to provide reasonable advance 
                notice to aircraft operators consistent with the safety 
                of the national airspace system and the needs of law 
                enforcement and national security.
                    ``(E) The setting and character of any covered 
                facility or asset, including whether it is located in a 
                populated area or near other structures, whether the 
                facility is open to the public, whether the facility is 
                also used for nongovernmental functions, and any 
                potential for interference with wireless communications 
                or for injury or damage to persons or property.
                    ``(F) The setting, character, timeframe, and 
                national airspace system impacts of National Special 
                Security Event and Special Event Assessment Rating 
                events.
                    ``(G) Potential consequences to national security, 
                public safety, or law enforcement if threats posed by 
                unmanned aircraft systems are not mitigated or 
                defeated.
    ``(l) Department of Homeland Security Assessment.--
            ``(1) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the 
        enactment of this section, the Secretary shall conduct, in 
        coordination with the Attorney General and the Secretary of 
        Transportation, an assessment to the appropriate congressional 
        committees, including--
                    ``(A) an evaluation of the threat from unmanned 
                aircraft systems to United States critical 
                infrastructure (as defined in this Act) and to domestic 
                large hub airports (as defined in section 40102 of 
                title 49, United States Code);
                    ``(B) an evaluation of current Federal and State, 
                local, territorial, or tribal law enforcement 
                authorities to counter the threat identified in 
                subparagraph (A), and recommendations, if any, for 
                potential changes to existing authorities to allow 
                State, local, territorial, and tribal law enforcement 
                to assist Federal law enforcement to counter the threat 
                where appropriate;
                    ``(C) an evaluation of the knowledge of, efficiency 
                of, and effectiveness of current procedures and 
                resources available to owners of critical 
                infrastructure and domestic large hub airports when 
                they believe a threat from unmanned aircraft systems is 
                present and what additional actions, if any, the 
                Department of Homeland Security or the Department of 
                Transportation could implement under existing 
                authorities to assist these entities to counter the 
                threat identified in subparagraph (A);
                    ``(D) an assessment of what, if any, additional 
                authorities are needed by each Department and law 
                enforcement to counter the threat identified in 
                subparagraph (A); and
                    ``(E) an assessment of what, if any, additional 
                research and development the Department needs to 
                counter the threat identified in subparagraph (A).
            ``(2) Unclassified form.--The report required under 
        paragraph (1) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may 
        contain a classified annex.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections at the beginning of 
such chapter is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 
210F the following:

``Sec. 210G. Protection of certain facilities and assets from unmanned 
                            aircraft.''.

SEC. 1603. PROTECTING AGAINST UNMANNED AIRCRAFT.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 5 of title 14, United States Code, is 
amended by inserting after section 103 the following:
``Sec. 104. Protecting against unmanned aircraft
    ``For the purposes of section 210G(k)(3)(C)(iv) of the Homeland 
Security Act of 2002, the missions authorized to be performed by the 
United States Coast Guard shall be those related to--
            ``(1) functions of the U.S. Coast Guard relating to 
        security or protection of facilities and assets assessed to be 
        high-risk and a potential target for unlawful unmanned aircraft 
        activity, including the security and protection of--
                    ``(A) a facility, including a facility that is 
                under the administrative control of the Commandant; and
                    ``(B) a vessel (whether moored or underway) or an 
                aircraft, including a vessel or aircraft--
                            ``(i) that is operated by the Coast Guard, 
                        or that the Coast Guard is assisting or 
                        escorting; and
                            ``(ii) that is directly involved in a 
                        mission of the Coast Guard pertaining to--
                                    ``(I) assisting or escorting a 
                                vessel of the Department of Defense;
                                    ``(II) assisting or escorting a 
                                vessel of national security 
                                significance, a high interest vessel, a 
                                high capacity passenger vessel, or a 
                                high value unit, as those terms are 
                                defined by the Secretary;
                                    ``(III) section 91(a) of this 
                                title;
                                    ``(IV) assistance in protecting the 
                                President or the Vice President (or 
                                other officer next in order of 
                                succession to the Office of the 
                                President) pursuant to the Presidential 
                                Protection Assistance Act of 1976 (18 
                                U.S.C. 3056 note);
                                    ``(V) protection of a National 
                                Special Security Event and Special 
                                Event Assessment Rating events;
                                    ``(VI) air defense of the United 
                                States, including air sovereignty, 
                                ground-based air defense, and the 
                                National Capital Region integrated air 
                                defense system; or
                                    ``(VII) a search and rescue 
                                operation; and
            ``(2) missions directed by the Secretary pursuant to 
        210G(k)(3)(C)(iii) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 5 of title 14, 
United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item relating to 
section 103 the following:

``104. Protecting against unmanned aircraft.''.

   DIVISION I--SUPPLEMENTAL APPROPRIATIONS FOR DISASTER RELIEF, 2018

    The following sums are hereby appropriated, out of any money in the 
Treasury not otherwise appropriated, and out of applicable corporate or 
other revenues, receipts, and funds, for the several departments, 
agencies, corporations, and other organizational units of Government 
for fiscal year 2018, and for other purposes, namely:
    

              DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT

                   Community Planning and Development

                       community development fund

                     (including transfers of funds)

    For an additional amount for ``Community Development Fund'', 
$1,680,000,000, to remain available until expended, for necessary 
expenses for activities authorized under title I of the Housing and 
Community Development Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5301 et seq.) related to 
disaster relief, long-term recovery, restoration of infrastructure and 
housing, and economic revitalization in the most impacted and 
distressed areas resulting from a major disaster declared in 2018 
pursuant to the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency 
Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.): Provided, That funds shall be 
awarded directly to the State or unit of general local government at 
the discretion of the Secretary: Provided further, That as a condition 
of making any grant, the Secretary shall certify in advance that such 
grantee has in place proficient financial controls and procurement 
processes and has established adequate procedures to prevent any 
duplication of benefits as defined by section 312 of the Robert T. 
Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5155), 
to ensure timely expenditure of funds, to maintain comprehensive 
websites regarding all disaster recovery activities assisted with these 
funds, and to detect and prevent waste, fraud, and abuse of funds: 
Provided further, That prior to the obligation of funds a grantee shall 
submit a plan to the Secretary for approval detailing the proposed use 
of all funds, including criteria for eligibility and how the use of 
these funds will address long-term recovery and restoration of 
infrastructure and housing and economic revitalization in the most 
impacted and distressed areas: Provided further, That such funds may 
not be used for activities reimbursable by, or for which funds are made 
available by, the Federal Emergency Management Agency or the Army Corps 
of Engineers: Provided further, That funds allocated under this heading 
shall not be considered relevant to the non-disaster formula 
allocations made pursuant to section 106 of the Housing and Community 
Development Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5306): Provided further, That a 
State or subdivision thereof may use up to 5 percent of its allocation 
for administrative costs: Provided further, That in administering the 
funds under this heading, the Secretary of Housing and Urban 
Development may waive, or specify alternative requirements for, any 
provision of any statute or regulation that the Secretary administers 
in connection with the obligation by the Secretary or the use by the 
recipient of these funds (except for requirements related to fair 
housing, nondiscrimination, labor standards, and the environment), if 
the Secretary finds that good cause exists for the waiver or 
alternative requirement and such waiver or alternative requirement 
would not be inconsistent with the overall purpose of title I of the 
Housing and Community Development Act of 1974: Provided further, That, 
notwithstanding the preceding proviso, recipients of funds provided 
under this heading that use such funds to supplement Federal assistance 
provided under section 402, 403, 404, 406, 407, 408(c)(4), or 502 of 
the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 
U.S.C. 5121 et seq.) may adopt, without review or public comment, any 
environmental review, approval, or permit performed by a Federal 
agency, and such adoption shall satisfy the responsibilities of the 
recipient with respect to such environmental review, approval or 
permit: Provided further, That, notwithstanding section 104(g)(2) of 
the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 
5304(g)(2)), the Secretary may, upon receipt of a request for release 
of funds and certification, immediately approve the release of funds 
for an activity or project assisted under this heading if the recipient 
has adopted an environmental review, approval or permit under the 
preceding proviso or the activity or project is categorically excluded 
from review under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 
U.S.C. 4321 et seq.): Provided further, That the Secretary shall 
publish via notice in the Federal Register any waiver, or alternative 
requirement, to any statute or regulation that the Secretary 
administers pursuant to title I of the Housing and Community 
Development Act of 1974 no later than 5 days before the effective date 
of such waiver or alternative requirement: Provided further, That of 
the amounts made available under this heading, up to $2,500,000 may be 
transferred, in aggregate, to ``Department of Housing and Urban 
Development--Program Office Salaries and Expenses--Community Planning 
and Development'' for necessary costs, including information technology 
costs, of administering and overseeing the obligation and expenditure 
of amounts under this heading: Provided further, That such amount is 
designated by the Congress as being for an emergency requirement 
pursuant to section 251(b)(2)(A)(i) of the Balanced Budget and 
Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985: Provided further, That the 
amount designated under this heading as an emergency requirement 
pursuant to section 251(b)(2)(A)(i) of the Balanced Budget and 
Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 shall be available only if the 
President subsequently so designates such amount and transmits such 
designation to the Congress.

SEC. 1701. BUDGETARY EFFECTS.

    (a) Statutory PAYGO Scorecards.--The budgetary effects of this 
division shall not be entered on either PAYGO scorecard maintained 
pursuant to section 4(d) of the Statutory Pay As-You-Go Act of 2010.
    (b) Senate PAYGO Scorecards.--The budgetary effects of this 
division shall not be entered on any PAYGO scorecard maintained for 
purposes of section 4106 of H. Con. Res. 71 (115th Congress).
    (c) Classification of Budgetary Effects.-- Notwithstanding Rule 3 
of the Budget Scorekeeping Guidelines set forth in the joint 
explanatory statement of the committee of conference accompanying 
Conference Report 105-217 and section 250(c)(7) and (c)(8) of the 
Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, the 
budgetary effects of this division shall be estimated for purposes of 
section 251 of such Act.
    This division may be cited as the ``Supplemental Appropriations for 
Disaster Relief Act, 2018''.

                     DIVISION J--MARITIME SECURITY

SEC. 1801. SHORT TITLE.

    This division may be cited as the ``Maritime Security Improvement 
Act of 2018''.

SEC. 1802. DEFINITIONS.

    In this division:
            (1) Appropriate committees of congress.--The term 
        ``appropriate committees of Congress'' means--
                    (A) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
                Transportation of the Senate;
                    (B) the Committee on Homeland Security and 
                Governmental Affairs of the Senate;
                    (C) the Committee on Homeland Security of the House 
                of Representatives; and
                    (D) the Committee on Transportation and 
                Infrastructure of the House of Representatives.
            (2) TSA.--The term ``TSA'' means the Transportation 
        Security Administration.

SEC. 1803. COORDINATION WITH TSA ON MARITIME FACILITIES.

    The Secretary of Homeland Security shall--
            (1) provide the Administrator of the TSA with updates to 
        vulnerability assessments required under section 70102(b)(3) of 
        title 46, United States Code, to avoid any duplication of 
        effort between the Coast Guard and the TSA; and
            (2) identify any security gaps between authorities of 
        operating entities within the Department of Homeland Security 
        that a threat could exploit to cause a transportation security 
        incident (as defined in section 70101 of title 46, United 
        States Code).

SEC. 1804. STRATEGIC PLAN TO ENHANCE THE SECURITY OF THE INTERNATIONAL 
              SUPPLY CHAIN.

    Section 201 of the Security and Accountability for Every Port Act 
of 2006 (6 U.S.C. 941) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``as appropriate'' and 
        inserting ``triennially''; and
            (2) in subsection (g)--
                    (A) in the heading, by striking ``Report'' and 
                inserting ``Reports''; and
                    (B) by amending paragraph (2) to read as follows:
            ``(2) Updates.--Not later than 270 days after the date of 
        enactment of the Maritime Security Improvement Act of 2018 and 
        triennially thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to the 
        appropriate congressional committees a report that contains any 
        updates to the strategic plan under subsection (a) since the 
        prior report.''.

SEC. 1805. CYBERSECURITY INFORMATION SHARING AND COORDINATION IN PORTS.

    (a) Maritime Cybersecurity Risk Assessment Model.--The Secretary of 
Homeland Security, through the Commandant of the Coast Guard and the 
Under Secretary responsible for overseeing the critical infrastructure 
protection, cybersecurity, and other related programs of the Department 
of Homeland Security, shall--
            (1) not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
        this Act, coordinate with the National Maritime Security 
        Advisory Committee, the Area Maritime Security Advisory 
        Committees, and other maritime stakeholders, as necessary, to 
        develop and implement a maritime cybersecurity risk assessment 
        model, consistent with the activities described in section 2(e) 
        of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 
        U.S.C. 272(e)), to evaluate current and future cybersecurity 
        risks that have the potential to affect the marine 
        transportation system or that would cause a transportation 
        security incident (as defined in section 70101 of title 46, 
        United States Code) in ports; and
            (2) not less than biennially thereafter, evaluate the 
        effectiveness of the cybersecurity risk assessment model 
        established under paragraph (1).
    (b) Port Security; Definitions.--Section 70101 of title 46, United 
States Code, is amended--
            (1) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (6) as 
        paragraphs (3) through (7), respectively; and
            (2) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
            ``(2) The term `cybersecurity risk' has the meaning given 
        the term in section 227 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 
        U.S.C. 148).''.
    (c) National Maritime Security Advisory Committee.--
            (1) Functions.--Section 70112(a)(1)(A) of title 46, United 
        States Code, is amended by inserting before the semicolon the 
        following: ``, including on enhancing the sharing of 
        information related to cybersecurity risks that may cause a 
        transportation security incident, between relevant Federal 
        agencies and--
                            ``(i) State, local, and tribal governments;
                            ``(ii) relevant public safety and emergency 
                        response agencies;
                            ``(iii) relevant law enforcement and 
                        security organizations;
                            ``(iv) maritime industry;
                            ``(v) port owners and operators; and
                            ``(vi) terminal owners and operators;''.
            (2) Information sharing.--The Commandant of the Coast Guard 
        and the Under Secretary responsible for overseeing the critical 
        infrastructure protection, cybersecurity, and other related 
        programs of the Department of Homeland Security shall--
                    (A) ensure there is a process for each Area 
                Maritime Security Advisory Committee established under 
                section 70112 of title 46, United States Code--
                            (i) to facilitate the sharing of 
                        information related to cybersecurity risks that 
                        may cause transportation security incidents;
                            (ii) to timely report transportation 
                        security incidents to the national level; and
                            (iii) to disseminate such reports across 
                        the entire maritime transportation system via 
                        the National Cybersecurity and Communications 
                        Integration Center; and
                    (B) issue voluntary guidance for the management of 
                such cybersecurity risks in each Area Maritime 
                Transportation Security Plan and facility security plan 
                required under section 70103 of title 46, United States 
                Code, approved after the date that the cybersecurity 
                risk assessment model is developed under subsection (a) 
                of this section.
    (d) Vulnerability Assessments and Security Plans.--
            (1) Facility and vessel assessments.--Section 70102(b)(1) 
        of title 46, United States Code, is amended--
                    (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by 
                striking ``and by not later than December 31, 2004''; 
                and
                    (B) in subparagraph (C), by inserting ``security 
                against cybersecurity risks,'' after ``physical 
                security,''.
            (2) Maritime transportation security plans.--Section 70103 
        of title 46, United States Code, is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a)(1), by striking ``Not later 
                than April 1, 2005, the'' and inserting ``The'';
                    (B) in subsection (a)(2), by adding at the end the 
                following:
                    ``(K) A plan to detect, respond to, and recover 
                from cybersecurity risks that may cause transportation 
                security incidents.'';
                    (C) in subsection (b)(2)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (G)(ii), by striking 
                        ``; and'' and inserting a semicolon;
                            (ii) by redesignating subparagraph (H) as 
                        subparagraph (I); and
                            (iii) by inserting after subparagraph (G) 
                        the following:
                    ``(H) include a plan for detecting, responding to, 
                and recovering from cybersecurity risks that may cause 
                transportation security incidents; and''; and
                    (D) in subsection (c)(3)(C)--
                            (i) in clause (iv), by striking ``; and'' 
                        and inserting a semicolon;
                            (ii) by redesignating clause (v) as clause 
                        (vi); and
                            (iii) by inserting after clause (iv) the 
                        following:
                            ``(v) detecting, responding to, and 
                        recovering from cybersecurity risks that may 
                        cause transportation security incidents; and''.
            (3) Applicability.--The amendments made by this subsection 
        shall apply to assessments or security plans, or updates to 
        such assessments or plans, submitted after the date that the 
        cybersecurity risk assessment model is developed under 
        subsection (a).
    (e) Brief to Congress.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Commandant of the Coast Guard and the Under 
Secretary responsible for overseeing the critical infrastructure 
protection, cybersecurity, and other related programs of the Department 
of Homeland Security shall provide to the appropriate committees of 
Congress a briefing on how the Coast Guard will assist in security and 
response in the port environment when a cyber-caused transportation 
security incident occurs, to include the use of cyber protection teams.

SEC. 1806. FACILITY INSPECTION INTERVALS.

    Section 70103(c)(4)(D) of title 46, United States Code, is amended 
to read as follows:
                    ``(D) subject to the availability of 
                appropriations, periodically, but not less than one 
                time per year, conduct a risk-based, no notice facility 
                inspection to verify the effectiveness of each such 
                facility security plan.''.

SEC. 1807. UPDATES OF MARITIME OPERATIONS COORDINATION PLAN .

    (a) In General.--Subtitle C of title IV of the Homeland Security 
Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 231 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:

``SEC. 435. MARITIME OPERATIONS COORDINATION PLAN.

    ``(a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of the Maritime Security Improvement Act of 2018, and 
biennially thereafter, the Secretary shall--
            ``(1) update the Maritime Operations Coordination Plan, 
        published by the Department on July 7, 2011, to strengthen 
        coordination, planning, information sharing, and intelligence 
        integration for maritime operations of components and offices 
        of the Department with responsibility for maritime security 
        missions; and
            ``(2) submit each update to the Committee on Commerce, 
        Science, and Transportation and the Committee on Homeland 
        Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the 
        Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and the 
        Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives.
    ``(b) Contents.--Each update shall address the following:
            ``(1) Coordinating the planning, integration of maritime 
        operations, and development of joint maritime domain awareness 
        efforts of any component or office of the Department with 
        responsibility for maritime security missions.
            ``(2) Maintaining effective information sharing and, as 
        appropriate, intelligence integration, with Federal, State, and 
        local officials and the private sector, regarding threats to 
        maritime security.
            ``(3) Cooperating and coordinating with Federal departments 
        and agencies, and State and local agencies, in the maritime 
        environment, in support of maritime security missions.
            ``(4) Highlighting the work completed within the context of 
        other national and Department maritime security strategic 
        guidance and how that work fits with the Maritime Operations 
        Coordination Plan.''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents in section 1(b) of 
the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (Public Law 107-296; 116 Stat. 2136) 
is amended by adding after the item relating to section 434 the 
following:

``435. Maritime operations coordination plan.''.

SEC. 1808. EVALUATION OF COAST GUARD DEPLOYABLE SPECIALIZED FORCES.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit 
to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation and the 
Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate 
and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and the 
Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives a report 
on the state of the Coast Guard's Deployable Specialized Forces 
(referred to in this section as DSF).
    (b) Contents.--The report shall include, at a minimum, the 
following:
            (1) For each of the past 3 fiscal years, and for each type 
        of DSF, the following:
                    (A) A cost analysis, including training, operating, 
                and travel costs.
                    (B) The number of personnel assigned.
                    (C) The total number of units.
                    (D) The total number of operations conducted.
                    (E) The number of operations requested by each of 
                the following:
                            (i) Coast Guard.
                            (ii) Other components or offices of the 
                        Department of Homeland Security.
                            (iii) Other Federal departments or 
                        agencies.
                            (iv) State agencies.
                            (v) Local agencies.
                    (F) The number of operations fulfilled in support 
                of each entity described in clauses (i) through (v) of 
                subparagraph (E).
            (2) An examination of alternative distributions of 
        deployable specialized forces, including the feasibility, cost 
        (including cost savings), and impact on mission capability of 
        such distributions, including at a minimum the following:
                    (A) Combining deployable specialized forces, 
                primarily focused on counterdrug operations, under one 
                centralized command.
                    (B) Distributing counter-terrorism and anti-
                terrorism capabilities to deployable specialized forces 
                in each major United States port.
    (c) Definition of Deployable Specialized Forces or DSF.--In this 
section, the term ``deployable specialized forces'' or ``DSF'' means 
the deployable specialized forces established under section 70106 of 
title 46, United States Code.

SEC. 1809. REPEAL OF INTERAGENCY OPERATIONAL CENTERS FOR PORT SECURITY 
              AND SECURE SYSTEMS OF TRANSPORTATION.

    (a) Interagency Operational Centers for Port Security.--
            (1) Repeal.--Section 70107A of title 46, United States 
        Code, is repealed.
            (2) Savings clause.--A repeal made by this subsection shall 
        not affect an interagency operational center established before 
        the date of enactment of this Act.
            (3) Notice to congress.--The Secretary of Homeland Security 
        shall notify the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
        Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Homeland 
        Security and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure 
        of the House of Representatives at least 1 year before ceasing 
        operations of any interagency operational center established 
        before the date of enactment of the Security and Accountability 
        for Every Port Act of 2006 (Public Law 109-347; 120 Stat. 
        1884).
    (b) Secure Systems of Transportation.--Section 70116 of title 46, 
United States Code, is repealed.
    (c) Technical and Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) Table of contents.--The table of contents for chapter 
        701 of title 46, United States Code, is amended by striking the 
        items relating to sections 70107A and 70116.
            (2) Report requirement.--Section 108 of the Security and 
        Accountability for Every Port Act of 2006 (Public Law 109-347; 
        120 Stat. 1893) is amended by striking subsection (b) (46 
        U.S.C. 70107A note) and inserting the following:
    ``(b) [Reserved].''.

SEC. 1810. DUPLICATION OF EFFORTS IN THE MARITIME DOMAIN.

    (a) GAO Analysis.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States 
shall--
            (1) conduct an analysis of all operations in the applicable 
        location of--
                    (A) the Air and Marine Operations of the U.S. 
                Customs and Border Protection; and
                    (B) any other agency of the Department of Homeland 
                Security that operates air and marine assets;
            (2) in conducting the analysis under paragraph (1)--
                    (A) examine the extent to which the Air and Marine 
                Operations is synchronizing and deconflicting any 
                duplicative flight hours or patrols with the agencies 
                described in paragraph (1)(B); and
                    (B) include a sector-by-sector analysis of any 
                potential costs savings or other benefits that would be 
                derived through greater coordination of flight hours 
                and patrols; and
            (3) submit to the Secretary of Homeland Security and the 
        appropriate committees of Congress a report on the analysis, 
        including any recommendations.
    (b) DHS Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date the report 
is submitted under subsection (a)(3), the Secretary of Homeland 
Security shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
report on what actions the Secretary plans to take in response to the 
findings of the analysis and recommendations of the Comptroller 
General.
    (c) Definition of Applicable Location.--In this section, the term 
``applicable location'' means any location in which the Air and Marine 
Operations of the U.S. Customs and Border Protection is based within 45 
miles of a location in which any other agency of the Department of 
Homeland Security also operates air and marine assets.

SEC. 1811. MARITIME SECURITY CAPABILITIES ASSESSMENTS.

    (a) In General.--Subtitle C of title IV of the Homeland Security 
Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 231 et seq.), as amended by section 1807 of this 
Act, is further amended by adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 436. MARITIME SECURITY CAPABILITIES ASSESSMENTS.

    ``Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of the 
Maritime Security Improvement Act of 2018, and annually thereafter, the 
Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Transportation and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental 
Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and 
Infrastructure and the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of 
Representatives, an assessment of the number and type of maritime 
assets and the number of personnel required to increase the 
Department's maritime response rate pursuant to section 1092 of the 
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (6 U.S.C. 
223).''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents in section 1(b) of 
the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (Public Law 107-296; 116 Stat. 2136), 
as amended by section 1807 of this Act, is further amended by adding 
after the item relating to section 435 the following:

``436. Maritime security capabilities assessments.''.

SEC. 1812. CONTAINER SECURITY INITIATIVE.

    Section 205(l) of the Security and Accountability for Every Port 
Act of 2006 (6 U.S.C. 945) is amended--
            (1) by striking paragraph (2); and
            (2) in paragraph (1)--
                    (A) by striking ``(1) In general.--Not later than 
                September 30, 2007,'' and inserting ``Not later than 
                270 days after the date of enactment of the Maritime 
                Security Improvement Act of 2018,''; and
                    (B) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) through (H) 
                as paragraphs (1) through (8), respectively.

SEC. 1813. MARITIME BORDER SECURITY REVIEW.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Maritime border.--The term ``maritime border'' means--
                    (A) the transit zone; and
                    (B) the borders and territorial waters of Puerto 
                Rico and the United States Virgin Islands.
            (2) Transit zone.--The term ``transit zone'' has the 
        meaning given the term in section 1092(a) of the National 
        Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (6 U.S.C. 
        223(a)).
    (b) Maritime Border Threat Analysis.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall 
        submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a maritime 
        border threat analysis that includes an identification and 
        description of the following:
                    (A) Current and potential threats posed by the 
                individuals and groups seeking to--
                            (i) enter the United States through the 
                        maritime border; or
                            (ii) exploit border vulnerabilities on the 
                        maritime border.
                    (B) Improvements needed at United States sea 
                ports--
                            (i) to prevent terrorists and instruments 
                        of terror from entering the United States; and
                            (ii) to reduce criminal activity, as 
                        measured by the total flow of illegal goods and 
                        illicit drugs, related to the maritime border.
                    (C) Improvements needed with respect to the 
                maritime border--
                            (i) to prevent terrorists and instruments 
                        of terror from entering the United States; and
                            (ii) reduce criminal activity related to 
                        the maritime border.
                    (D) Vulnerabilities in law, policy, cooperation 
                between State, territorial, and local law enforcement, 
                or international agreements that hinder effective and 
                efficient border security, counterterrorism, anti-human 
                trafficking efforts, and the flow of legitimate trade 
                with respect to the maritime border.
                    (E) Metrics and performance parameters used by the 
                Department of Homeland Security to evaluate maritime 
                security effectiveness, as appropriate.
            (2) Analysis requirements.--In preparing the threat 
        analysis under subsection (a), the Secretary of Homeland 
        Security shall consider the following:
                    (A) Technology needs and challenges.
                    (B) Personnel needs and challenges.
                    (C) The role of State, territorial, and local law 
                enforcement in maritime border security activities.
                    (D) The need for cooperation among Federal, State, 
                territorial, local, and appropriate international law 
                enforcement entities relating to maritime border 
                security.
                    (E) The geographic challenges of the maritime 
                border.
                    (F) The impact of Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, Maria, 
                and Nate on general border security activities with 
                respect to the maritime border.
            (3) Classified threat analysis.--
                    (A) In general.--To the extent possible, the 
                Secretary of Homeland Security shall submit the threat 
                analysis under subsection (a) in unclassified form.
                    (B) Classified.--The Secretary may submit a portion 
                of the threat analysis in classified form if the 
                Secretary determines that such form is appropriate for 
                such portion.

SEC. 1814. MARITIME BORDER SECURITY COOPERATION.

    The Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is 
operating shall, in accordance with law--
            (1) partner with other Federal, State, and local government 
        agencies to leverage existing technology, including existing 
        sensor and camera systems and other sensors, in place along the 
        maritime border to facilitate monitoring of high-risk maritime 
        borders, as determined by the Secretary; and
            (2) subject to the availability of appropriations, enter 
        into such agreements as the Secretary considers necessary to 
        ensure the monitoring described in paragraph (1).

SEC. 1815. TRANSPORTATION WORKER IDENTIFICATION CREDENTIAL APPEALS 
              PROCESS.

    Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Secretary of Homeland Security shall transmit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a report on the following:
            (1) The average completion time of an appeal under the 
        appeals process established under section 70105(c)(4) of title 
        46, United States Code.
            (2) The most common reasons for any delays at each step in 
        such process.
            (3) Recommendations on how to resolve any such delays as 
        expeditiously as possible.

SEC. 1816. TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.

    (a) Study to Identify Redundant Background Records Checks.--Section 
105 of the Security and Accountability for Every Port Act of 2006 
(Public Law 109-347; 120 Stat. 1891) and the item relating to that 
section in the table of contents for that Act are repealed.
    (b) Domestic Radiation Detection and Imaging.--Section 121 of the 
Security and Accountability for Every Port Act of 2006 (6 U.S.C. 921) 
is amended--
            (1) by striking subsections (c), (d), and (e);
            (2) by redesignating subsections (f), (g), (h), and (i) as 
        subsections (c), (d), (e), and (f), respectively; and
            (3) in subsection (e)(1)(B), as redesignated, by striking 
        ``(and updating, if any, of that strategy under subsection 
        (c))''.
    (c) Inspection of Car Ferries Entering From Abroad.--Section 122 of 
the Security and Accountability for Every Port Act of 2006 (6 U.S.C. 
922) and the item relating to that section in the table of contents for 
that Act are repealed.
    (d) Report on Arrival and Departure Manifest for Certain Commercial 
Vessels in the United States Virgin Islands.--Section 127 of the 
Security and Accountability for Every Port Act of 2006 (120 Stat. 1900) 
and the item relating to that section in the table of contents for that 
Act are repealed.
    (e) International Cooperation and Coordination.--
            (1) In general.--Section 233 of the Security and 
        Accountability for Every Port Act of 2006 (6 U.S.C. 983) is 
        amended to read as follows:

``SEC. 233. INSPECTION TECHNOLOGY AND TRAINING.

    ``(a) In General.--The Secretary, in coordination with the 
Secretary of State, the Secretary of Energy, and appropriate 
representatives of other Federal agencies, may provide technical 
assistance, equipment, and training to facilitate the implementation of 
supply chain security measures at ports designated under the Container 
Security Initiative.
    ``(b) Acquisition and Training.--Unless otherwise prohibited by 
law, the Secretary may--
            ``(1) lease, loan, provide, or otherwise assist in the 
        deployment of nonintrusive inspection and radiation detection 
        equipment at foreign land and sea ports under such terms and 
        conditions as the Secretary prescribes, including 
        nonreimbursable loans or the transfer of ownership of 
        equipment; and
            ``(2) provide training and technical assistance for 
        domestic or foreign personnel responsible for operating or 
        maintaining such equipment.''.
            (2) Table of contents.--The table of contents in section 
        1(b) of the Security and Accountability for Every Port Act of 
        2006 (Public Law 109-347; 120 Stat. 1884) is amended by 
        amending the item relating to section 233 to read as follows:

``Sec. 233. Inspection technology and training.''.
    (f) Pilot Program to Improve the Security of Empty Containers.--
Section 235 of the Security and Accountability for Every Port Act of 
2006 (6 U.S.C. 984) and the item relating to that section in the table 
of contents for that Act are repealed.
    (g) Security Plan for Essential Air Service and Small Community 
Airports.--Section 701 of the Security and Accountability for Every 
Port Act of 2006 (Public Law 109-347; 120 Stat. 1943) and the item 
relating to that section in the table of contents for that Act are 
repealed.
    (h) Aircraft Charter Customer and Lessee Prescreening Program.--
Section 708 of the Security and Accountability for Every Port Act of 
2006 (Public Law 109-347; 120 Stat. 1947) and the item relating to that 
section in the table of contents for that Act are repealed.

                  DIVISION K--TRANSPORTATION SECURITY

                    TITLE I--TRANSPORTATION SECURITY

SEC. 1901. SHORT TITLE; REFERENCES.

    (a) Short Title.--This title may be cited as the ``TSA 
Modernization Act''.
    (b) References to Title 49, United States Code.--Except as 
otherwise expressly provided, wherever in this title an amendment or 
repeal is expressed in terms of an amendment to, or repeal of, a 
section or other provision, the reference shall be considered to be 
made to a section or other provision of title 49, United States Code.

SEC. 1902. DEFINITIONS.

    In this title:
            (1) Administrator.--The term ``Administrator'' means the 
        Administrator of the TSA.
            (2) Appropriate committees of congress.--The term 
        ``appropriate committees of Congress'' means--
                    (A) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
                Transportation of the Senate;
                    (B) the Committee on Homeland Security and 
                Governmental Affairs of the Senate; and
                    (C) the Committee on Homeland Security of the House 
                of Representatives.
            (3) ASAC.--The term ``ASAC'' means the Aviation Security 
        Advisory Committee established under section 44946 of title 49, 
        United States Code.
            (4) Department.--The term ``Department'' means the 
        Department of Homeland Security.
            (5) Explosive detection canine team.--The term ``explosives 
        detection canine team'' means a canine and a canine handler 
        that are trained to detect explosives and other threats as 
        defined by the Secretary.
            (6) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary 
        of Homeland Security.
            (7) TSA.--The term ``TSA'' means the Transportation 
        Security Administration.

              Subtitle A--Organization and Authorizations

SEC. 1903. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    Section 114(w) is amended to read as follows:
    ``(w) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Transportation Security Administration for 
salaries, operations, and maintenance of the Administration--
            ``(1) $7,849,247,000 for fiscal year 2019;
            ``(2) $7,888,494,000 for fiscal year 2020; and
            ``(3) $7,917,936,000 for fiscal year 2021.''.

SEC. 1904. ADMINISTRATOR OF THE TRANSPORTATION SECURITY ADMINISTRATION; 
              5-YEAR TERM.

    (a) In General.--Section 114, as amended by section 1903 of this 
Act, is further amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``Department of 
        Transportation'' and inserting ``Department of Homeland 
        Security'';
            (2) by amending subsection (b) to read as follows:
    ``(b) Leadership.--
            ``(1) Head of transportation security administration.--
                    ``(A) Appointment.--The head of the Administration 
                shall be the Administrator of the Transportation 
                Security Administration (referred to in this section as 
                the `Administrator'). The Administrator shall be 
                appointed by the President, by and with the advice and 
                consent of the Senate.
                    ``(B) Qualifications.--The Administrator must--
                            ``(i) be a citizen of the United States; 
                        and
                            ``(ii) have experience in a field directly 
                        related to transportation or security.
                    ``(C) Term.--Effective with respect to any 
                individual appointment by the President, by and with 
                the advice and consent of the Senate, after the date of 
                enactment of the TSA Modernization Act, the term of 
                office of an individual appointed as the Administrator 
                shall be 5 years. The term of office of an individual 
                serving as the Administrator on the date of enactment 
                of the TSA Modernization Act shall be 5 years beginning 
                on the date that the Administrator began serving.
            ``(2) Deputy administrator.--
                    ``(A) Appointment.--There is established in the 
                Transportation Security Administration a Deputy 
                Administrator, who shall assist the Administrator in 
                the management of the Transportation Security 
                Administration. The Deputy Administrator shall be 
                appointed by the President.
                    ``(B) Vacancy.--The Deputy Administrator shall be 
                Acting Administrator during the absence or incapacity 
                of the Administrator or during a vacancy in the office 
                of Administrator.
                    ``(C) Qualifications.--The Deputy Administrator 
                must--
                            ``(i) be a citizen of the United States; 
                        and
                            ``(ii) have experience in a field directly 
                        related to transportation or security.
            ``(3) Chief counsel.--
                    ``(A) Appointment.--There is established in the 
                Transportation Security Administration a Chief Counsel, 
                who shall advise the Administrator and other senior 
                officials on all legal matters relating to the 
                responsibilities, functions, and management of the 
                Transportation Security Administration.
                    ``(B) Qualifications.--The Chief Counsel must be a 
                citizen of the United States.''; and
            (3) in subsections (c) through (n), (p), (q), and (r), by 
        striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears and 
        inserting ``Administrator''.
    (b) Technical and Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) In general.--Section 114, as amended by subsection (a) 
        of this section, is further amended--
                    (A) in subsection (g)--
                            (i) in paragraph (1)--
                                    (I) in the matter preceding 
                                subparagraph (A), by striking ``Subject 
                                to the direction and control of the 
                                Secretary'' and inserting ``Subject to 
                                the direction and control of the 
                                Secretary of Homeland Security''; and
                                    (II) in subparagraph (D), by 
                                inserting ``of Homeland Security'' 
                                after ``Secretary''; and
                            (ii) in paragraph (3), by inserting ``of 
                        Homeland Security'' after ``Secretary'';
                    (B) in subsection (j)(1)(D), by inserting ``of 
                Homeland Security'' after ``Secretary'';
                    (C) in subsection (k), by striking ``functions 
                transferred, on or after the date of enactment of the 
                Aviation and Transportation Security Act,'' and 
                inserting ``functions assigned'';
                    (D) in subsection (l)(4)(B), by striking 
                ``Administrator under subparagraph (A)'' and inserting 
                ``Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration 
                under subparagraph (A)'';
                    (E) in subsection (n), by striking ``Department of 
                Transportation'' and inserting ``Department of Homeland 
                Security'';
                    (F) in subsection (o), by striking ``Department of 
                Transportation'' and inserting ``Department of Homeland 
                Security'';
                    (G) in subsection (p)(4), by striking ``Secretary 
                of Transportation'' and inserting ``Secretary of 
                Homeland Security'';
                    (H) in subsection (s)--
                            (i) in paragraph (3)(B), by inserting ``)'' 
                        after ``Act of 2007''; and
                            (ii) in paragraph (4)--
                                    (I) in the heading, by striking 
                                ``Submissions of plans to congress'' 
                                and inserting ``Submission of plans'';
                                    (II) by striking subparagraph (A);
                                    (III) by redesignating 
                                subparagraphs (B) through (E) as 
                                subparagraphs (A) through (D), 
                                respectively;
                                    (IV) in subparagraph (A), as 
                                redesignated--
                                            (aa) in the heading, by 
                                        striking ``Subsequent 
                                        versions'' and inserting ``In 
                                        general''; and
                                            (bb) by striking ``After 
                                        December 31, 2015, the'' and 
                                        inserting ``The''; and
                                    (V) in subparagraph 
                                (B)(ii)(III)(cc), as redesignated, by 
                                striking ``for the Department'' and 
                                inserting ``for the Department of 
                                Homeland Security'';
                    (I) by redesignating subsections (u), (v), and (w) 
                as subsections (t), (u), and (v), respectively;
                    (J) in subsection (t), as redesignated--
                            (i) in paragraph (1)--
                                    (I) by striking subparagraph (D); 
                                and
                                    (II) by redesignating subparagraph 
                                (E) as subparagraph (D);
                            (ii) in paragraph (2), by inserting ``of 
                        Homeland Security'' after ``Plan, the 
                        Secretary'';
                            (iii) in paragraph (4)(B)--
                                    (I) by inserting ``of Homeland 
                                Security'' after ``agency within the 
                                Department''; and
                                    (II) by inserting ``of Homeland 
                                Security'' after ``Secretary'';
                            (iv) by amending paragraph (6) to read as 
                        follows:
            ``(6) Annual report on plan.--The Secretary of Homeland 
        Security shall annually submit to the appropriate congressional 
        committees a report containing the Plan.''; and
                            (v) in paragraphs (7) and (8), by inserting 
                        ``of Homeland Security'' after ``Secretary''; 
                        and
                    (K) in subsection (u), as redesignated--
                            (i) in paragraph (1)--
                                    (I) in subparagraph (B), by 
                                inserting ``or the Administrator'' 
                                after ``Secretary of Homeland 
                                Security''; and
                                    (II) in subparagraph (C)(ii), by 
                                striking ``Secretary's designee'' and 
                                inserting ``Secretary of Defense's 
                                designee'';
                                    (III) in subparagraphs (B), (C), 
                                (D), and (E) of paragraph (3), by 
                                inserting ``of Homeland Security'' 
                                after ``Secretary'' each place it 
                                appears;
                            (ii) in paragraph (4)(A), by inserting ``of 
                        Homeland Security'' after ``Secretary'';
                            (iii) in paragraph (5), by inserting ``of 
                        Homeland Security'' after ``Secretary''; and
                            (iv) in paragraph (7)--
                                    (I) in subparagraph (A), by 
                                striking ``Not later than December 31, 
                                2008, and annually thereafter, the 
                                Secretary'' and inserting ``The 
                                Secretary of Homeland Security''; and
                                    (II) by striking subparagraph (D).
            (2) Congressional oversight of security assurance for 
        public and private stakeholders.--Section 1203(b)(1)(B) of the 
        Implementing Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007 
        (49 U.S.C. 114 note) is amended by striking ``, under section 
        114(u)(7) of title 49, United States Code, as added by this 
        section, or otherwise,''.
    (c) Executive Schedule.--
            (1) Administrator of the tsa.--
                    (A) Positions at level ii.--Section 5313 of title 
                5, United States Code, is amended by inserting after 
                the item relating to the Under Secretary of Homeland 
                Security for Management the following:
    ``Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration.''.
                    (B) Bonus eligibility.--Section 101(c)(2) of the 
                Aviation and Transportation Security Act (5 U.S.C. 5313 
                note) is amended--
                            (i) by striking ``Under Secretary'' and 
                        inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation 
                        Security Administration'';
                            (ii) by striking ``on the Secretary's'' and 
                        inserting ``on the Secretary of Homeland 
                        Security's''; and
                            (iii) by striking ``Under Secretary's'' and 
                        inserting ``Administrator's''.
            (2) Deputy administrator of the tsa.--Section 5314 of title 
        5, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item 
        relating to Deputy Administrators, Federal Emergency Management 
        Agency the following:
    ``Deputy Administrator, Transportation Security Administration.''.
            (3) Nonapplicability.--The amendment made by paragraph (2) 
        of this subsection shall not affect the salary of an individual 
        who is performing the duties of the Deputy Administrator on the 
        date of enactment of this Act, even if that individual is 
        subsequently appointed as Deputy Administrator.

SEC. 1905. TRANSPORTATION SECURITY ADMINISTRATION ORGANIZATION.

    Section 114, as amended by sections 1903 and 1904 of this Act, is 
further amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(w) Leadership and Organization.--
            ``(1) In general.--For each of the areas described in 
        paragraph (2), the Administrator of the Transportation Security 
        Administration shall appoint at least 1 individual who shall--
                    ``(A) report directly to the Administrator or the 
                Administrator's designated direct report; and
                    ``(B) be responsible and accountable for that area.
            ``(2) Areas described.--The areas described in this 
        paragraph are as follows:
                    ``(A) Aviation security operations and training, 
                including risk-based, adaptive security--
                            ``(i) focused on airport checkpoint and 
                        baggage screening operations;
                            ``(ii) workforce training and development 
                        programs; and
                            ``(iii) ensuring compliance with aviation 
                        security law, including regulations, and other 
                        specialized programs designed to secure air 
                        transportation.
                    ``(B) Surface transportation security operations 
                and training, including risk-based, adaptive security--
                            ``(i) focused on accomplishing security 
                        systems assessments;
                            ``(ii) reviewing and prioritizing projects 
                        for appropriated surface transportation 
                        security grants;
                            ``(iii) operator compliance with surface 
                        transportation security law, including 
                        regulations, and voluntary industry standards; 
                        and
                            ``(iv) workforce training and development 
                        programs, and other specialized programs 
                        designed to secure surface transportation.
                    ``(C) Transportation industry engagement and 
                planning, including the development, interpretation, 
                promotion, and oversight of a unified effort regarding 
                risk-based, risk-reducing security policies and plans 
                (including strategic planning for future contingencies 
                and security challenges) between government and 
                transportation stakeholders, including airports, 
                domestic and international airlines, general aviation, 
                air cargo, mass transit and passenger rail, freight 
                rail, pipeline, highway and motor carriers, and 
                maritime.
                    ``(D) International strategy and operations, 
                including agency efforts to work with international 
                partners to secure the global transportation network.
                    ``(E) Trusted and registered traveler programs, 
                including the management and marketing of the agency's 
                trusted traveler initiatives, including the PreCheck 
                Program, and coordination with trusted traveler 
                programs of other Department of Homeland Security 
                agencies and the private sector.
                    ``(F) Technology acquisition and deployment, 
                including the oversight, development, testing, 
                evaluation, acquisition, deployment, and maintenance of 
                security technology and other acquisition programs.
                    ``(G) Inspection and compliance, including the 
                integrity, efficiency and effectiveness of the agency's 
                workforce, operations, and programs through objective 
                audits, covert testing, inspections, criminal 
                investigations, and regulatory compliance.
                    ``(H) Civil rights, liberties, and traveler 
                engagement, including ensuring that agency employees 
                and the traveling public are treated in a fair and 
                lawful manner consistent with Federal laws and 
                regulations protecting privacy and prohibiting 
                discrimination and reprisal.
                    ``(I) Legislative and public affairs, including 
                communication and engagement with internal and external 
                audiences in a timely, accurate, and transparent 
                manner, and development and implementation of 
                strategies within the agency to achieve congressional 
                approval or authorization of agency programs and 
                policies.
            ``(3) Notification.--The Administrator shall submit to the 
        appropriate committees of Congress--
                    ``(A) not later than 180 days after the date of 
                enactment of the TSA Modernization Act, a list of the 
                names of the individuals appointed under paragraph (1); 
                and
                    ``(B) an update of the list not later than 5 days 
                after any new individual is appointed under paragraph 
                (1).''.

SEC. 1906. TRANSPORTATION SECURITY ADMINISTRATION EFFICIENCY.

    (a) Efficiency Review.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 270 days after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall complete a 
        comprehensive, agency-wide efficiency review of the TSA to 
        identify and effectuate spending reductions and administrative 
        savings that can be achieved by the streamlining or 
        restructuring of TSA divisions.
            (2) Requirements.--In carrying out the review under 
        paragraph (1), the Administrator shall consider the following:
                    (A) Eliminating unnecessarily duplicative or 
                overlapping programs and initiatives.
                    (B) Eliminating unnecessary or obsolete rules, 
                regulations, directives, or procedures.
                    (C) Reducing overall operating expenses of the TSA, 
                including costs associated with the number of 
                personnel, as a direct result of efficiencies gained 
                through the implementation of risk-based screening or 
                through any other means as determined appropriate by 
                the Administrator in accordance with this section.
                    (D) Reducing, by 20 percent, the number of 
                positions at the Senior Executive Service level at the 
                TSA as calculated on the date of enactment of this Act.
                    (E) Such other matters the Administrator considers 
                appropriate.
    (b) Report to Congress.--Not later than 30 days after the date the 
efficiency review under subsection (a) is complete, the Administrator 
shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the 
findings, including a description of any cost savings expected to be 
achieved by the streamlining or restructuring of TSA divisions.

SEC. 1907. PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM REVIEW.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 30 days after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator shall convene a working group consisting 
of representatives of the TSA and representatives of the labor 
organization representing security screening personnel to recommend 
reforms to the TSA's personnel management system, including appeals to 
the Merit Systems Protection Board and grievance procedures.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the working group convened under subsection (a) shall submit 
to the Administrator and the appropriate committees of Congress a 
report containing proposed, mutually agreed-upon recommendations to 
reform the TSA's personnel management system.
    (c) Implementation.--To the extent authorized under law, the 
Administrator may implement 1 or more of the recommendations submitted 
under subsection (b).
    (d) Termination.--The working group shall terminate on the date 
that the report is submitted under subsection (b).

SEC. 1908. TSA LEAP PAY REFORM.

    (a) Definition of Basic Pay.--Clause (ii) of section 8331(3)(E) of 
title 5, United States Code, is amended to read as follows:
                            ``(ii) received after September 11, 2001, 
                        by a Federal air marshal or criminal 
                        investigator (as defined in section 
                        5545a(a)(2)) of the Transportation Security 
                        Administration, subject to all restrictions and 
                        earning limitations imposed on criminal 
                        investigators receiving such pay under section 
                        5545a, including the premium pay limitations 
                        under section 5547;''.
    (b) Effective Date; Applicability.--
            (1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), this section, 
        and the amendments made by this section, shall take effect on 
        the first day of the first pay period commencing on or after 
        the date of enactment of this section.
            (2) Retroactive application.--
                    (A) In general.--Any availability pay received for 
                any pay period commencing before the date of enactment 
                of this Act by a Federal air marshal or criminal 
                investigator employed by the Transportation Security 
                Administration shall be deemed basic pay under section 
                8331(3) of title 5, United States Code, if the 
                Transportation Security Administration treated such pay 
                as retirement-creditable basic pay, but the Office of 
                Personnel Management, based on an interpretation of 
                section 8331(3) of title 5, United States Code, did not 
                accept such pay as retirement-creditable basic pay.
                    (B) Implementation.--Not later than 3 months after 
                the date of enactment of this Act, the Director of the 
                Office of Personnel Management shall commence taking 
                such actions as are necessary to implement the 
                amendments made by this section with respect to 
                availability pay deemed to be basic pay under 
                subparagraph (A).

SEC. 1909. RANK AWARDS PROGRAM FOR TRANSPORTATION SECURITY 
              ADMINISTRATION EXECUTIVES AND SENIOR PROFESSIONALS.

    Section 114(n), as amended by section 1904 of this Act, is further 
amended--
            (1) by inserting ``(1) In general.--'' before ``The 
        personnel management system'' and indenting appropriately; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) Meritorious executive or distinguished executive rank 
        awards.--Notwithstanding section 40122(g)(2) of this title, the 
        applicable sections of title 5 shall apply to the 
        Transportation Security Administration personnel management 
        system, except that--
                    ``(A) for purposes of applying such provisions to 
                the personnel management system--
                            ``(i) the term `agency' means the 
                        Department of Homeland Security;
                            ``(ii) the term `senior executive' means a 
                        Transportation Security Administration 
                        executive serving on a Transportation Security 
                        Executive Service appointment;
                            ``(iii) the term `career appointee' means a 
                        Transportation Security Administration 
                        executive serving on a career Transportation 
                        Security Executive Service appointment; and
                            ``(iv) The term `senior career employee' 
                        means a Transportation Security Administration 
                        employee covered by the Transportation Security 
                        Administration Core Compensation System at the 
                        L or M pay band;
                    ``(B) receipt by a career appointee or a senior 
                career employee of the rank of Meritorious Executive or 
                Meritorious Senior Professional entitles the individual 
                to a lump-sum payment of an amount equal to 20 percent 
                of annual basic pay, which shall be in addition to the 
                basic pay paid under the applicable Transportation 
                Security Administration pay system; and
                    ``(C) receipt by a career appointee or a senior 
                career employee of the rank of Distinguished Executive 
                or Distinguished Senior Professional entitles the 
                individual to a lump-sum payment of an amount equal to 
                35 percent of annual basic pay, which shall be in 
                addition to the basic pay paid under the applicable 
                Transportation Security Administration pay system.
            ``(3) Definition of applicable sections of title 5.--In 
        this subsection, the term `applicable sections of title 5' 
        means--
                    ``(A) subsections (b), (c) and (d) of section 4507 
                of title 5; and
                    ``(B) subsections (b) and (c) of section 4507a of 
                title 5.''.

SEC. 1910. TRANSMITTALS TO CONGRESS.

    With regard to each report, legislative proposal, or other 
communication of the Executive Branch related to the TSA and required 
to be submitted to Congress or the appropriate committees of Congress, 
the Administrator shall transmit such communication directly to the 
appropriate committees of Congress.

                    Subtitle B--Security Technology

SEC. 1911. THIRD PARTY TESTING AND VERIFICATION OF SCREENING 
              TECHNOLOGY.

    (a) In General.--In carrying out the responsibilities under section 
114(f)(9), the Administrator shall develop and implement, not later 
than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, a program to 
enable a vendor of related security screening technology to obtain 
testing and verification, including as an alternative to the TSA's test 
and evaluation process, by an appropriate third party, of such 
technology before procurement or deployment.
    (b) Detection Testing.--
            (1) In general.--The third party testing and verification 
        program authorized under subsection (a) shall include detection 
        testing to evaluate the performance of the security screening 
        technology system regarding the probability of detection, the 
        probability of false alarm, and such other indicators that the 
        system is able to meet the TSA's mission needs.
            (2) Results.--The results of the third party detection 
        testing under paragraph (1) shall be considered final if the 
        results are approved by the Administration in accordance with 
        approval standards developed by the Administrator.
            (3) Coordination with final testing.--To the extent 
        practicable, but without compromising the integrity of the TSA 
        test and evaluation process, the Administrator shall coordinate 
        the third party detection testing under paragraph (1) with any 
        subsequent, final Federal Government testing.
            (4) International standards.--To the extent practicable and 
        permissible under law and considering the national security 
        interests of the United States, the Administrator shall--
                    (A) share detection testing information and 
                standards with appropriate international partners; and
                    (B) coordinate with the appropriate international 
                partners to align TSA testing and evaluation with 
                relevant international standards to maximize the 
                capability to detect explosives and other threats.
    (c) Operational Testing.--
            (1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), the third party 
        testing and verification program authorized under subsection 
        (a) shall include operational testing.
            (2) Limitation.--Third party operational testing under 
        paragraph (1) may not exceed 1 year.
    (d) Alternative.--Third party testing under subsection (a) shall 
replace as an alternative, at the discretion of the Administrator, the 
testing at the TSA Systems Integration Facility, including testing 
for--
            (1) health and safety factors;
            (2) operator interface;
            (3) human factors;
            (4) environmental factors;
            (5) throughput;
            (6) reliability, maintainability, and availability factors; 
        and
            (7) interoperability.
    (e) Testing and Verification Framework.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator shall--
                    (A) establish a framework for the third party 
                testing and for verifying a security technology is 
                operationally effective and able to meet the TSA's 
                mission needs before it may enter or re-enter, as 
                applicable, the operational context at an airport or 
                other transportation facility;
                    (B) use phased implementation to allow the TSA and 
                the third party to establish best practices; and
                    (C) oversee the third party testing and evaluation 
                framework.
            (2) Recommendations.--The Administrator shall request 
        ASAC's Security Technology Subcommittee, in consultation with 
        representatives of the security manufacturers industry, to 
        develop and submit to the Administrator recommendations for the 
        third party testing and verification framework.
    (f) Field Testing.--The Administrator shall prioritize the field 
testing and evaluation, including by third parties, of security 
technology and equipment at airports and on site at security technology 
manufacturers whenever possible as an alternative to the TSA Systems 
Integration Facility.
    (g) Appropriate Third Parties.--
            (1) Citizenship requirement.--An appropriate third party 
        under subsection (a) shall be--
                    (A) if an individual, a citizen of the United 
                States; or
                    (B) if an entity, owned and controlled by a citizen 
                of the United States.
            (2) Waiver.--The Administrator may waive the requirement 
        under paragraph (1)(B) if the entity is a United States 
        subsidiary of a parent company that has implemented a foreign 
        ownership, control, or influence mitigation plan that has been 
        approved by the Defense Security Service of the Department of 
        Defense before applying to provide third party testing. The 
        Administrator may reject any application to provide third party 
        testing under subsection (a) submitted by an entity that 
        requires a waiver under this paragraph.
            (3) Conflicts of interest.--The Administrator shall ensure, 
        to the extent possible, that an entity providing third party 
        testing under this section does not have a contractual, 
        business, or other pecuniary interest (exclusive of any such 
        testing) in--
                    (A) the security screening technology subject to 
                such testing; or
                    (B) the vendor of such technology.
    (h) GAO Review.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United 
        States shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
        study on the third party testing program developed under this 
        section
            (2) Review.--The study under paragraph (1) shall include a 
        review of the following:
                    (A) Any efficiencies or gains in effectiveness 
                achieved in TSA operations, including technology 
                acquisition or screening operations, as a result of 
                such program.
                    (B) The degree to which the TSA conducts timely and 
                regular oversight of the appropriate third parties 
                engaged in such testing.
                    (C) The effect of such program on the following:
                            (i) The introduction of innovative 
                        detection technologies into security screening 
                        operations.
                            (ii) The availability of testing for 
                        technologies developed by small to medium sized 
                        businesses.
                    (D) Any vulnerabilities associated with such 
                program, including with respect to the following:
                            (i) National security.
                            (ii) Any conflicts of interest between the 
                        appropriate third parties engaged in such 
                        testing and the entities providing such 
                        technologies to be tested.
                            (iii) Waste, fraud, and abuse.

SEC. 1912. TRANSPORTATION SECURITY ADMINISTRATION SYSTEMS INTEGRATION 
              FACILITY.

    (a) In General.--The Administrator shall continue to operate the 
Transportation Security Administration Systems Integration Facility 
(referred to in this section as the ``TSIF'') for the purposes of 
testing and evaluating advanced transportation security screening 
technologies related to the mission of the TSA.
    (b) Requirements.--The TSIF shall--
            (1) evaluate the technologies described in subsection (a) 
        to enhance the security of transportation systems through 
        screening and threat mitigation and detection;
            (2) test the technologies described in subsection (a) to 
        support identified mission needs of the TSA and to meet 
        requirements for acquisitions and procurement;
            (3) to the extent practicable, provide original equipment 
        manufacturers with test plans to minimize requirement 
        interpretation disputes and adhere to provided test plans;
            (4) collaborate with other technical laboratories and 
        facilities for purposes of augmenting the capabilities of the 
        TSIF;
            (5) deliver advanced transportation security screening 
        technologies that enhance the overall security of domestic 
        transportation systems; and
            (6) to the extent practicable, provide funding and promote 
        efforts to enable participation by a small business concern (as 
        the term is described under section 3 of the Small Business Act 
        (15 U.S.C. 632)) that--
                    (A) has an advanced technology or capability; but
                    (B) does not have adequate resources to participate 
                in testing and evaluation processes.
    (c) Staffing and Resource Allocation.--The Administrator shall 
ensure adequate staffing and resource allocations for the TSIF in a 
manner that--
            (1) prevents unnecessary delays in the testing and 
        evaluation of advanced transportation security screening 
        technologies for acquisitions and procurement determinations;
            (2) ensures the issuance of final paperwork certification 
        no later than 45 days after the date such testing and 
        evaluation has concluded; and
            (3) ensures collaboration with technology stakeholders to 
        close capabilities gaps in transportation security.
    (d) Deadline.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator shall notify the 
        appropriate committees of Congress if testing and evaluation by 
        the TSIF of an advanced transportation security screening 
        technology under this section exceeds 180 days from the 
        delivery date.
            (2) Notification.--The notification under paragraph (1) 
        shall include--
                    (A) information relating to the delivery date;
                    (B) a justification for why the testing and 
                evaluation process has exceeded 180 days; and
                    (C) the estimated date for completion of such 
                testing and evaluation.
            (3) Definition of delivery date.--In this subsection, the 
        term ``delivery date'' means the date that the owner of an 
        advanced transportation security screening technology--
                    (A) after installation, delivers the technology to 
                the TSA for testing and evaluation; and
                    (B) submits to the Administrator, in such form and 
                manner as the Administrator prescribes, a signed 
                notification of the delivery described in subparagraph 
                (A).
    (e) Retesting and Evaluation.--Advanced transportation security 
screening technology that fails testing and evaluation by the TSIF may 
be retested and evaluated at the discretion of the Administrator.
    (f) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section may be construed 
to affect the authority or responsibility of an officer of the 
Department, or an officer of any other Federal department or agency, 
with respect to research, development, testing, and evaluation of 
technologies, including such authorities or responsibilities of the 
Undersecretary for Science and Technology of the Department and 
Assistant Secretary of the Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction 
Office of the Department.

SEC. 1913. OPPORTUNITIES TO PURSUE EXPANDED NETWORKS FOR BUSINESS.

    (a) Strategy.--Subtitle B of title of title XVI of the Homeland 
Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 563 et seq.) is amended by adding at the 
end following:

``SEC. 1617. DIVERSIFIED SECURITY TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY MARKETPLACE.

    ``(a) In General.--Not later than 120 days after the date of 
enactment of the TSA Modernization Act, the Administrator shall develop 
and submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of 
the Senate and the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of 
Representatives a strategy to promote a diverse security technology 
industry marketplace upon which the Administrator can rely to acquire 
advanced transportation security technologies or capabilities, 
including by increased participation of small business innovators.
    ``(b) Contents.--The strategy required under subsection (a) shall 
include the following:
            ``(1) Information on how existing Administration 
        solicitation, testing, evaluation, piloting, acquisition, and 
        procurement processes impact the Administrator's ability to 
        acquire from the security technology industry marketplace, 
        including small business innovators that have not previously 
        provided technology to the Administration, innovative 
        technologies or capabilities with the potential to enhance 
        transportation security.
            ``(2) Specific actions that the Administrator will take, 
        including modifications to the processes described in paragraph 
        (1), to foster diversification within the security technology 
        industry marketplace.
            ``(3) Projected timelines for implementing the actions 
        described in paragraph (2).
            ``(4) Plans for how the Administrator could, to the extent 
        practicable, assist a small business innovator periodically 
        during such processes, including when such an innovator lacks 
        adequate resources to participate in such processes, to 
        facilitate an advanced transportation security technology or 
        capability being developed and acquired by the Administrator.
            ``(5) An assessment of the feasibility of partnering with 
        an organization described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal 
        Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from tax under section 501(a) 
        of such Code to provide venture capital to businesses, 
        particularly small business innovators, for commercialization 
        of innovative transportation security technologies that are 
        expected to be ready for commercialization in the near term and 
        within 36 months.
    ``(c) Feasibility Assessment.--In conducting the feasibility 
assessment under subsection (b)(5), the Administrator shall consider 
the following:
            ``(1) Establishing an organization described in section 
        501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from 
        tax under section 501(a) of such Code as a venture capital 
        partnership between the private sector and the intelligence 
        community to help businesses, particularly small business 
        innovators, commercialize innovative security-related 
        technologies.
            ``(2) Enhanced engagement through the Science and 
        Technology Directorate of the Department of Homeland Security.
    ``(d) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section may be 
construed as requiring changes to the Transportation Security 
Administration standards for security technology.
    ``(e) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Intelligence community.--The term `intelligence 
        community' has the meaning given the term in section 3 of the 
        National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3003).
            ``(2) Small business concern.--The term `small business 
        concern' has the meaning described under section 3 of the Small 
        Business Act (15 U.S.C. 632).
            ``(3) Small business innovator.--The term `small business 
        innovator' means a small business concern that has an advanced 
        transportation security technology or capability.''.
    (b) GAO Review.--Not later than 1 year after the date the strategy 
is submitted under section 1617 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002, 
the Comptroller General of the United States shall--
            (1) review the extent to which the strategy--
                    (A) addresses the requirements of that section;
                    (B) has resulted in increased participation of 
                small business innovators in the security technology 
                industry marketplace; and
                    (C) has diversified the security technology 
                industry marketplace; and
            (2) submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
        Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Homeland 
        Security of the House of Representatives the findings of the 
        review and any recommendations.
    (c) Table of Contents.--The table of contents in section 1(b) of 
the Homeland Security Act of 2002 is amended by inserting after the 
item relating to section 1616 the following:

``1617. Diversified security technology industry marketplace.''.

SEC. 1914. RECIPROCAL RECOGNITION OF SECURITY STANDARDS.

    (a) In General.--The Administrator, in coordination with 
appropriate international aviation security authorities, shall develop 
a validation process for the reciprocal recognition of security 
equipment technology approvals among international security partners or 
recognized certification authorities for deployment.
    (b) Requirement.--The validation process shall ensure that the 
certification by each participating international security partner or 
recognized certification authority complies with detection, 
qualification, and information security, including cybersecurity, 
standards of the TSA, the Department of Homeland Security, and the 
National Institute of Standards and Technology.

SEC. 1915. TRANSPORTATION SECURITY LABORATORY.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary, in consultation with the Administrator and 
the Undersecretary for Science and Technology--
            (1) shall conduct a review to determine whether the TSA is 
        the most appropriate component within the Department to 
        administer the Transportation Security Laboratory; and
            (2) may direct the TSA to administer the Transportation 
        Security Laboratory if the review under paragraph (1) 
        identifies the TSA as the most appropriate component.
    (b) Periodic Reviews.--The Secretary shall periodically review the 
screening technology test and evaluation process conducted at the 
Transportation Security Laboratory to improve the coordination, 
collaboration, and communication between the Transportation Security 
Laboratory and the TSA to identify factors contributing to acquisition 
inefficiencies, develop strategies to reduce acquisition 
inefficiencies, facilitate more expeditious initiation and completion 
of testing, and identify how laboratory practices can better support 
acquisition decisions.
    (c) Reports.--The Secretary shall report the findings of each 
review under this section to the appropriate committees of Congress.

SEC. 1916. INNOVATION TASK FORCE.

    (a) In General.--The Administrator shall establish an innovation 
task force--
            (1) to cultivate innovations in transportation security;
            (2) to develop and recommend how to prioritize and 
        streamline requirements for new approaches to transportation 
        security;
            (3) to accelerate the development and introduction of new 
        innovative transportation security technologies and 
        improvements to transportation security operations; and
            (4) to provide industry with access to the airport 
        environment during the technology development and assessment 
        process to demonstrate the technology and to collect data to 
        understand and refine technical operations and human factor 
        issues.
    (b) Activities.--The task force shall--
            (1) conduct activities to identify and develop an 
        innovative technology, emerging security capability, or process 
        designed to enhance transportation security, including--
                    (A) by conducting a field demonstration of such a 
                technology, capability, or process in the airport 
                environment;
                    (B) by gathering performance data from such a 
                demonstration to inform the acquisition process; and
                    (C) by enabling a small business with an innovative 
                technology or emerging security capability, but less 
                than adequate resources, to participate in such a 
                demonstration;
            (2) conduct at least quarterly collaboration meetings with 
        industry, including air carriers, airport operators, and other 
        transportation security stakeholders to highlight and discuss 
        best practices on innovative security operations and technology 
        evaluation and deployment; and
            (3) submit to the appropriate committees of Congress an 
        annual report on the effectiveness of key performance data from 
        task force-sponsored projects and checkpoint enhancements.
    (c) Composition.--
            (1) Appointment.--The Administrator, in consultation with 
        the Chairperson of ASAC shall appoint the members of the task 
        force.
            (2) Chairperson.--The task force shall be chaired by the 
        Administrator's designee.
            (3) Representation.--The task force shall be comprised of 
        representatives of--
                    (A) the relevant offices of the TSA;
                    (B) if considered appropriate by the Administrator, 
                the Science and Technology Directorate of the 
                Department of Homeland Security;
                    (C) any other component of the Department of 
                Homeland Security that the Administrator considers 
                appropriate; and
                    (D) such industry representatives as the 
                Administrator considers appropriate.
    (d) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be 
construed to require the acquisition or deployment of an innovative 
technology, emerging security capability, or process identified, 
developed, or recommended under this section.
    (e) Nonapplicability of FACA.--The Federal Advisory Committee Act 
(5 U.S.C. App.) shall not apply to the task force established under 
this section.

SEC. 1917. 5-YEAR TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT PLAN UPDATE.

    Section 1611 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 563) is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (g)--
                    (A) by striking the matter preceding paragraph (1) 
                and inserting ``The Administrator shall, in 
                collaboration with relevant industry and government 
                stakeholders, annually submit to Congress in an 
                appendix to the budget request and publish in an 
                unclassified format in the public domain--'';
                    (B) in paragraph (1), by striking ``; and'' and 
                inserting a semicolon;
                    (C) in paragraph (2), by striking the period and 
                inserting ``; and''; and
                    (D) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) information about acquisitions completed during the 
        fiscal year preceding the fiscal year during which the report 
        is submitted.''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(h) Additional Update Requirements.--Updates and reports under 
subsection (g) shall--
            ``(1) be prepared in consultation with--
                    ``(A) the persons described in subsection (b); and
                    ``(B) the Surface Transportation Security Advisory 
                Committee established under section 404; and
            ``(2) include--
                    ``(A) information relating to technology 
                investments by the Transportation Security 
                Administration and the private sector that the 
                Department supports with research, development, 
                testing, and evaluation for aviation, including air 
                cargo, and surface transportation security;
                    ``(B) information about acquisitions completed 
                during the fiscal year preceding the fiscal year during 
                which the report is submitted;
                    ``(C) information relating to equipment of the 
                Transportation Security Administration that is in 
                operation after the end of the life-cycle of the 
                equipment specified by the manufacturer of the 
                equipment; and
                    ``(D) to the extent practicable, a classified 
                addendum to report sensitive transportation security 
                risks and associated capability gaps that would be best 
                addressed by security-related technology described in 
                subparagraph (A).''.
    ``(i) Notice of Covered Changes to Plan.--
            ``(1) Notice required.--The Administrator shall submit to 
        the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the 
        Senate and the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of 
        Representatives notice of any covered change to the Plan not 
        later than 90 days after the date that the covered change is 
        made.
            ``(2) Definition of covered change.--In this subsection, 
        the term `covered change' means--
                    ``(A) an increase or decrease in the dollar amount 
                allocated to the procurement of a technology; or
                    ``(B) an increase or decrease in the number of a 
                technology.''.

SEC. 1918. MAINTENANCE OF SECURITY-RELATED TECHNOLOGY.

    (a) In General.--Title XVI of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 
U.S.C. 561 et seq.), as amended by section 1913 of this Act, is further 
amended by adding at the end the following:

        ``Subtitle C--Maintenance of Security-related Technology

``SEC. 1621. MAINTENANCE VALIDATION AND OVERSIGHT.

    ``(a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of the TSA Modernization Act, the Administrator shall develop 
and implement a preventive maintenance validation process for security-
related technology deployed to airports.
    ``(b) Maintenance by Administration Personnel at Airports.--For 
maintenance to be carried out by Administration personnel at airports, 
the process referred to in subsection (a) shall include the following:
            ``(1) Guidance to Administration personnel at airports 
        specifying how to conduct and document preventive maintenance 
        actions.
            ``(2) Mechanisms for the Administrator to verify compliance 
        with the guidance issued pursuant to paragraph (1).
    ``(c) Maintenance by Contractors at Airports.--For maintenance to 
be carried by a contractor at airports, the process referred to in 
subsection (a) shall require the following:
            ``(1) Provision of monthly preventative maintenance 
        schedules to appropriate Administration personnel at each 
        airport that includes information on each action to be 
        completed by contractor.
            ``(2) Notification to appropriate Administration personnel 
        at each airport when maintenance action is completed by a 
        contractor.
            ``(3) A process for independent validation by a third party 
        of contractor maintenance.
    ``(d) Penalties for Noncompliance.--The Administrator shall require 
maintenance for any contracts entered into 60 days after the date of 
enactment of the TSA Modernization Act or later for security-related 
technology deployed to airports to include penalties for noncompliance 
when it is determined that either preventive or corrective maintenance 
has not been completed according to contractual requirements and 
manufacturers' specifications.''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents of the Homeland 
Security Act of 2002, as amended by section 1913 of this Act, is 
further amended by inserting after the item relating to section 1617 
the following:

        ``Subtitle C--Maintenance of Security-related Technology

``1621. Maintenance validation and oversight.''.

SEC. 1919. BIOMETRICS EXPANSION.

    (a) In General.--The Administrator and the Commissioner of U.S. 
Customs and Border Protection shall consult with each other on the 
deployment of biometric technologies.
    (b) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be 
construed to permit the Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border 
Protection to facilitate or expand the deployment of biometric 
technologies, or otherwise collect, use, or retain biometrics, not 
authorized by any provision of or amendment made by the Intelligence 
Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (Public Law 108-458; 118 
Stat. 3638) or the Implementing Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission 
Act of 2007 (Public Law 110-53; 121 Stat. 266).
    (c) Report Required.--Not later than 270 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress, and to any Member of Congress upon the request 
of that Member, a report that includes specific assessments from the 
Administrator and the Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border 
Protection with respect to the following:
            (1) The operational and security impact of using biometric 
        technology to identify travelers.
            (2) The potential effects on privacy of the expansion of 
        the use of biometric technology under paragraph (1), including 
        methods proposed or implemented to mitigate any risks to 
        privacy identified by the Administrator or the Commissioner 
        related to the active or passive collection of biometric data.
            (3) Methods to analyze and address any matching performance 
        errors related to race, gender, or age identified by the 
        Administrator with respect to the use of biometric technology, 
        including the deployment of facial recognition technology;
            (4) With respect to the biometric entry-exit program, the 
        following:
                    (A) Assessments of--
                            (i) the error rates, including the rates of 
                        false positives and false negatives, and 
                        accuracy of biometric technologies;
                            (ii) the effects of biometric technologies, 
                        to ensure that such technologies do not unduly 
                        burden categories of travelers, such as a 
                        certain race, gender, or nationality;
                            (iii) the extent to which and how biometric 
                        technologies could address instances of 
                        travelers to the United States overstaying 
                        their visas, including--
                                    (I) an estimate of how often 
                                biometric matches are contained in an 
                                existing database;
                                    (II) an estimate of the rate at 
                                which travelers using fraudulent 
                                credentials identifications are 
                                accurately rejected; and
                                    (III) an assessment of what 
                                percentage of the detection of 
                                fraudulent identifications could have 
                                been accomplished using conventional 
                                methods;
                            (iv) the effects on privacy of the use of 
                        biometric technologies, including methods to 
                        mitigate any risks to privacy identified by the 
                        Administrator or the Commissioner of U.S. 
                        Customs and Border Protection related to the 
                        active or passive collection of biometric data; 
                        and
                            (v) the number of individuals who stay in 
                        the United States after the expiration of their 
                        visas each year.
                    (B) A description of--
                            (i) all audits performed to assess--
                                    (I) error rates in the use of 
                                biometric technologies; or
                                    (II) whether the use of biometric 
                                technologies and error rates in the use 
                                of such technologies disproportionately 
                                affect a certain race, gender, or 
                                nationality; and
                            (ii) the results of the audits described in 
                        clause (i).
                    (C) A description of the process by which domestic 
                travelers are able to opt-out of scanning using 
                biometric technologies.
                    (D) A description of--
                            (i) what traveler data is collected through 
                        scanning using biometric technologies, what 
                        agencies have access to such data, and how long 
                        the agencies possess such data;
                            (ii) specific actions that the Department 
                        and other relevant Federal departments and 
                        agencies take to safeguard such data; and
                            (iii) a short-term goal for the prompt 
                        deletion of the data of individual United 
                        States citizens after such data is used to 
                        verify traveler identities.
    (d) Publication of Assessments.--The Secretary, the Administrator, 
and the Commissioner shall, if practicable, publish a public version of 
the assessment required by subsection (c)(2) on the Internet website of 
the TSA and of the U.S. Customs and Border Protection.

SEC. 1920. PILOT PROGRAM FOR AUTOMATED EXIT LANE TECHNOLOGY.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator shall establish a pilot program to 
implement and evaluate the use of automated exit lane technology at 
small hub airports and nonhub airports (as those terms are defined in 
section 40102 of title 49, United States Code).
    (b) Partnership.--The Administrator shall carry out the pilot 
program in partnership with the applicable airport directors.
    (c) Cost Share.--The Federal share of the cost of the pilot program 
under this section shall not exceed 85 percent of the total cost of the 
program.
    (d) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out the pilot program under this section 
$15,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2021.
    (e) GAO Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date the pilot 
program is implemented, the Comptroller General of the United States 
shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the 
pilot program, including--
            (1) the extent of airport participation in the pilot 
        program and how the program was implemented;
            (2) the results of the pilot program and any reported 
        benefits, including the impact on security and any cost-related 
        efficiencies realized by TSA or at the participating airports; 
        and
            (3) the feasibility of expanding the pilot program to 
        additional airports, including to medium and large hub 
        airports.

SEC. 1921. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS; EXIT LANE SECURITY.

    There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out section 
44903(n)(1) of title 49, United States Code, $77,000,000 for each of 
fiscal years 2019 through 2021.

SEC. 1922. REAL-TIME SECURITY CHECKPOINT WAIT TIMES.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 18 months after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall make available to the 
public information on wait times at each airport security checkpoint at 
which security screening operations are conducted or overseen by the 
TSA.
    (b) Requirements.--The information described in subsection (a) 
shall be provided in real time via technology and published--
            (1) online; and
            (2) in physical locations at applicable airport terminals.
    (c) Considerations.--The Administrator shall only make the 
information described in subsection (a) available to the public if it 
can do so in a manner that does not increase public area security 
risks.
    (d) Definition of Wait Time.--In this section, the term ``wait 
time'' means the period beginning when a passenger enters a queue for a 
screening checkpoint and ending when that passenger exits the 
checkpoint.

SEC. 1923. GAO REPORT ON DEPLOYMENT OF SCREENING TECHNOLOGIES ACROSS 
              AIRPORTS.

    (a) Study.--The Comptroller General of the United States shall 
conduct a study whether the TSA allocates resources, including advanced 
imaging and computed tomography technologies, appropriately based on 
risk at Category X, I, II, III, and IV airports at which security 
screening operations are conducted or overseen by the TSA.
    (b) Cost Analysis.--As a part of the study conducted under 
subsection (a), the Comptroller General shall analyze the costs 
allocated or incurred by the TSA at Category X, I, II, III, and IV 
airports--
            (1) to purchase and deploy screening equipment and other 
        assets, including advanced imaging and computed tomography 
        technologies, at Category X, I, II, III, and IV airports;
            (2) to install such equipment, including any related 
        variant, and assets in the airport; and
            (3) to maintain such equipment and assets.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a report on the findings of the study under 
subsection (a).

SEC. 1924. SCREENING TECHNOLOGY REVIEW AND PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES.

    (a) Review of Technology Acquisitions Process.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator, in coordination with 
        relevant officials of the Department, shall conduct a review of 
        existing advanced transportation security screening technology 
        testing and evaluation, acquisitions, and procurement practices 
        within TSA.
            (2) Contents.--Such review shall include--
                    (A) identifying process delays and obstructions 
                within the Department and the Administration regarding 
                how such technology is identified, tested and 
                evaluated, acquired, and deployed;
                    (B) assessing whether the TSA can better leverage 
                existing resources or processes of the Department for 
                the purposes of technology testing and evaluation;
                    (C) assessing whether the TSA can further encourage 
                innovation and competition among technology 
                stakeholders, including through increased participation 
                of and funding for small business concerns (as such 
                term is described under section 3 of the Small Business 
                Act (15 U.S.C. 632));
                    (D) identifying best practices of other Department 
                components or United States Government entities; and
                    (E) a plan to address any problems or challenges 
                identified by such review.
    (b) Briefing.--The Administrator shall provide to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a briefing on the findings of the review 
required under this section and a plan to address any problems or 
challenges identified by such review.
    (c) Acquisitions and Procurement Enhancement.--Incorporating the 
results of the review in subsection (a), the Administrator shall--
            (1) engage in outreach, coordination, and collaboration 
        with transportation stakeholders to identify and foster 
        innovation of new advanced transportation security screening 
        technologies;
            (2) streamline the overall technology development, testing, 
        evaluation, acquisitions, procurement, and deployment processes 
        of the Administration; and
            (3) ensure the effectiveness and efficiency of such 
        processes.
    (d) Assessment.--The Secretary, in consultation with the Chief 
Privacy Officer of the Department, shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a compliance assessment of the TSA acquisition 
process relating to the health and safety risks associated with 
implementation of screening technologies.
    (e) Performance Objectives.--The Administrator shall establish 
performance objectives for the testing and verification of security 
technology, including testing and verification conducted by appropriate 
third parties under section 1911, to ensure that progress is made, at a 
minimum, toward--
            (1) reducing time for each phase of testing while 
        maintaining security (including testing for detection testing, 
        operational testing, testing and verification framework, and 
        field testing);
            (2) eliminating testing and verification delays; and
            (3) increasing accountability.
    (f) Tracking.--
            (1) In general.--In carrying out subsection (e), the 
        Administrator shall establish and continually track performance 
        metrics for each type of security technology submitted for 
        testing and verification, including testing and verification 
        conducted by appropriate third parties under section 1911.
            (2) Measuring progress toward goals.--The Administrator 
        shall use the metrics established and tracked under paragraph 
        (1) to generate data on an ongoing basis and to measure 
        progress toward the achievement of the performance objectives 
        established under subsection (e).
            (3) Report required.--
                    (A) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the 
                date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall 
                submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
                report assessing the extent to which the performance 
                objectives established under subsection (e), as 
                measured by the performance metrics established and 
                tracked under paragraph (1) of this subsection, have 
                been met.
                    (B) Elements.--The report required by subparagraph 
                (A) shall include--
                            (i) a list of the performance metrics 
                        established under paragraph (1), including the 
                        length of time for each phase of testing and 
                        verification for each type of security 
                        technology; and
                            (ii) a comparison of the progress achieved 
                        for testing and verification of security 
                        technology conducted by the TSA and the testing 
                        and verification of security technology 
                        conducted by third parties.
                    (C) Proprietary information.--The report required 
                by subparagraph (A) shall--
                            (i) not include identifying information 
                        regarding an individual or entity or equipment; 
                        and
                            (ii) protect proprietary information.
    (g) Information Technology Security.--Not later than 90 days after 
the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to 
the appropriate committees of Congress a plan to conduct recurring 
reviews of the operational, technical, and management security controls 
for Administration information technology systems at airports

SEC. 1925. COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY PILOT PROGRAMS.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator shall carry out a pilot program to test 
the use of screening equipment using computed tomography technology to 
screen baggage at passenger screening checkpoints at airports.
    (b) Feasibility Study.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 120 days after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator, in coordination with 
        the Under Secretary for Science and Technology of the 
        Department, shall submit to the appropriate committees of 
        Congress a feasibility study regarding expanding the use of 
        computed tomography technology for the screening of air cargo 
        transported on passenger aircraft operated by an air carrier or 
        foreign air carrier in air transportation, interstate air 
        transportation, or interstate air commerce.
            (2) Considerations.--In conducting the feasibility study 
        under paragraph (1), the Administrator shall consider the 
        following:
                    (A) Opportunities to leverage computed tomography 
                systems used for screening passengers and baggage.
                    (B) Costs and benefits of using computed tomography 
                technology for screening air cargo.
                    (C) An analysis of emerging computed tomography 
                systems that may have potential to enhance the 
                screening of air cargo, including systems that may 
                address aperture challenges associated with screening 
                certain categories of air cargo.
                    (D) An analysis of emerging screening technologies, 
                in addition to computed tomography, that may be used to 
                enhance the screening of air cargo.
    (c) Pilot Program.--Not later than 120 days after the date the 
feasibility study is submitted under subsection (b), the Administrator 
shall initiate a 2-year pilot program to achieve enhanced air cargo 
security screening outcomes through the use of new or emerging 
screening technologies, such as computed tomography technology, as 
identified through such study.
    (d) Updates.--Not later than 60 days after the date the pilot 
program under subsection (c) is initiated, and biannually thereafter 
for 2 years, the Administrator shall brief the appropriate committees 
of Congress on the progress of implementation of such pilot program.
    (e) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Air carrier.--The term ``air carrier'' has the meaning 
        given the term in section 40102 of title 49, United States 
        Code.
            (2) Air transportation.--The term ``air transportation'' 
        has the meaning given the term in section 40102 of title 49, 
        United States Code.
            (3) Foreign air carrier.--The term ``foreign air carrier'' 
        has the meaning given the term in section 40102 of title 49, 
        United States Code.
            (4) Interstate air commerce.--The term ``interstate air 
        commerce'' has the meaning given the term in section 40102 of 
        title 49, United States Code.
            (5) Interstate air transportation.--The term ``interstate 
        air transportation'' has the meaning given the term in section 
        40102 of title 49, United States Code.

                    Subtitle C--Public Area Security

SEC. 1926. DEFINITIONS.

    In this subtitle:
            (1) Behavioral standards.--The term ``behavioral 
        standards'' means standards for the evaluation of explosives 
        detection working canines for certain factors, including canine 
        temperament, work drive, suitability for training, 
        environmental factors used in evaluations, and canine 
        familiarity with natural or man-made surfaces or working 
        conditions relevant to the canine's expected work area.
            (2) Medical standards.--The term ``medical standards'' 
        means standards for the evaluation of explosives detection 
        working canines for certain factors, including canine health, 
        management of heredity health conditions, breeding practices, 
        genetics, pedigree, and long-term health tracking.
            (3) Technical standards.--The term ``technical standards'' 
        means standards for the evaluation of explosives detection 
        working canines for certain factors, including canine search 
        techniques, handler-canine communication, detection testing 
        conditions and logistics, and learned explosive odor libraries.

SEC. 1927. EXPLOSIVES DETECTION CANINE CAPACITY BUILDING.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator shall establish a working group to 
determine ways to support decentralized, non-Federal domestic canine 
breeding capacity to produce high quality explosives detection canines 
and modernize canine training standards.
    (b) Working Group Composition.--The working group established under 
subsection (a) shall be comprised of representatives from the 
following:
            (1) The TSA.
            (2) The Science and Technology Directorate of the 
        Department.
            (3) National domestic canine associations with expertise in 
        breeding and pedigree.
            (4) Universities with expertise related to explosives 
        detection canines and canine breeding.
            (5) Domestic canine breeders and vendors.
    (c) Chairpersons.--The Administrator shall approve of 2 individuals 
from among the representatives of the working group specified in 
subsection (b) to serve as the Chairpersons of the working group as 
follows:
            (1) One Chairperson shall be from an entity specified in 
        paragraph (1) or (2) of that subsection.
            (2) One Chairperson shall be from an entity specified in 
        paragraph (3), (4), or (5) of that subsection.
    (d) Proposed Standards and Recommendations.--Not later than 180 
days after the date the working group is established under subsection 
(a), the working group shall submit to the Administrator--
            (1) proposed behavioral standards, medical standards, and 
        technical standards for domestic canine breeding and canine 
        training described in that subsection; and
            (2) recommendations on how the TSA can engage stakeholders 
        to further the development of such domestic non-Federal canine 
        breeding capacity and training.
    (e) Strategy.--Not later than 180 days after the date the 
recommendations are submitted under subsection (d), the Administrator 
shall develop and submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
strategy for working with non-Federal stakeholders to facilitate 
expanded the domestic canine breeding capacity described in subsection 
(a), based on such recommendations.
    (f) Consultation.--In developing the strategy under subsection (e), 
the Administrator shall consult with the Under Secretary for Science 
and Technology of the Department, the Commissioner for U.S. Customs and 
Border Protection, the Director of the United States Secret Service, 
and the heads of such other Federal departments or agencies as the 
Administrator considers appropriate to incorporate, to the extent 
practicable, mission needs across the Department for an expanded non-
Federal domestic explosives detection canine breeding capacity that can 
be leveraged to help meet the Department's operational needs.
    (g) Termination.--The working group established under subsection 
(a) shall terminate on the date that the strategy is submitted under 
subsection (e), unless the Administrator extends the termination date 
for the purposes of section 1928.
    (h) Nonapplicability of Federal Advisory Committee Act.--The 
Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.) shall not apply to the 
working group established under this Act.

SEC. 1928. THIRD PARTY DOMESTIC CANINES.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, to enhance the efficiency and efficacy of transportation 
security by increasing the supply of canine teams for use by the TSA 
and transportation stakeholders, the Administrator shall develop and 
issue behavioral standards, medical standards, and technical standards, 
based on the recommendations of the working group under section 1927, 
that a third party explosives detection canine must satisfy to be 
certified for the screening of individuals and property, including 
detection of explosive vapors among individuals and articles of 
property, in public areas of an airport under section 44901 of title 
49, United States Code.
    (b) Augmenting Public Area Security.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator shall develop guidance 
        on the coordination of development and deployment of explosives 
        detection canine teams for use by transportation stakeholders 
        to enhance public area security at transportation hubs, 
        including airports.
            (2) Consultation.--In developing the guidance under 
        paragraph (1), the Administrator shall consult with--
                    (A) the working group established under section 
                1927;
                    (B) the officials responsible for carrying out 
                section 1941; and
                    (C) such transportation stakeholders, canine 
                providers, law enforcement, privacy groups, and 
                transportation security providers as the Administrator 
                considers relevant.
    (c) Agreement.--Subject to subsections (d), (e), and (f), not later 
than 270 days after the issuance of standards under subsection (a), the 
Administrator shall, to the extent possible, enter into an agreement 
with at least 1 third party to test and certify the capabilities of 
canines in accordance with the standards under subsection (a).
    (d) Expedited Deployment.--In entering into an agreement under 
subsection (c), the Administrator shall use--
            (1) the other transaction authority under section 114(m) of 
        title 49, United States Code; or
            (2) such other authority of the Administrator as the 
        Administrator considers appropriate to expedite the deployment 
        of additional canine teams.
    (e) Process.--Before entering into an agreement under subsection 
(c), the Administrator shall--
            (1) evaluate and verify the third party's ability to 
        effectively evaluate the capabilities of canines;
            (2) designate key elements required for appropriate 
        evaluation venues where third parties may conduct testing; and
            (3) periodically assess the program at evaluation centers 
        to ensure the proficiency of the canines beyond the initial 
        testing and certification by the third party.
    (f) Consultation.--To determine best practices for the use of third 
parties to test and certify the capabilities of canines, the 
Administrator shall consult with the following persons before entering 
into an agreement under subsection (c):
            (1) The Secretary of State.
            (2) The Secretary of Defense.
            (3) Non-profit organizations that train, certify, and 
        provide the services of canines for various purposes.
            (4) Institutions of higher education with research programs 
        related to use of canines for the screening of individuals and 
        property, including detection of explosive vapors among 
        individuals and articles of property.
    (g) Third Party Explosives Detection Canine Provider List.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date the 
        Administrator enters into an agreement under subsection (c), 
        the Administrator shall develop and maintain a list of the 
        names of each third party from which the TSA procures explosive 
        detection canines, including for each such third party the 
        relevant contractual period of performance.
            (2) Distribution.--The Administrator shall make the list 
        under paragraph (1) available to appropriate transportation 
        stakeholders in such form and manner as the Administrator 
        prescribes.
    (h) Oversight.--The Administrator shall establish a process to 
ensure appropriate oversight of the certification program and 
compliance with the standards under subsection (a), including periodic 
audits of participating third parties.
    (i) Authorization.--
            (1) TSA.--The Administrator shall develop and implement a 
        process for the TSA to procure third party explosives detection 
        canines certified under this section.
            (2) Aviation stakeholders.--
                    (A) In general.--The Administrator shall authorize 
                an aviation stakeholder, under the oversight of and in 
                coordination with the Federal Security Director at an 
                applicable airport, to contract with, procure or 
                purchase, and deploy one or more third party explosives 
                detection canines certified under this section to 
                augment public area security at that airport.
                    (B) Applicable large hub airports.--
                            (i) In general.--Except as provided under 
                        subparagraph (ii), notwithstanding any law to 
                        the contrary, and subject to the other 
                        provisions of this paragraph, an applicable 
                        large hub airport may provide a certified 
                        canine described in subparagraph (A) on an in-
                        kind basis to the TSA to be deployed as a 
                        passenger screening canine at that airport 
                        unless the applicable large hub airport 
                        consents to the use of that certified canine 
                        elsewhere.
                            (ii) Exception.--The Administrator may, on 
                        a case-by-case basis, deploy a certified canine 
                        described in subparagraph (A) to a 
                        transportation facility other than the 
                        applicable large hub airport described in 
                        clause (i) for not more than 90 days per year 
                        if the Administrator--
                                    (I) determines that such deployment 
                                is necessary to meet operational or 
                                security needs; and
                                    (II) notifies the applicable large 
                                hub airport described in clause (i).
                            (iii) Nondeployable canines.--Any certified 
                        canine provided to the TSA under clause (i) 
                        that does not complete training for deployment 
                        under that clause shall be the responsibility 
                        of the large hub airport unless the TSA agrees 
                        to a different outcome.
                    (C) Handlers.--Not later than 30 days before a 
                canine begins training to become a certified canine 
                under subparagraph (B), the airport shall notify the 
                TSA of such training and the Administrator shall assign 
                a TSA canine handler to participate in the training 
                with that canine, as appropriate.
                    (D) Limitation.--The Administrator may not reduce 
                the staffing allocation model for an applicable large 
                hub airport based on that airport's provision of a 
                certified canine under this paragraph.
    (j) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Applicable large hub airport.--The term ``applicable 
        large hub airport'' means a large hub airport (as defined in 
        section 40102 of title 49, United States Code) that has less 
        than 100 percent of the allocated passenger screening canine 
        teams staffed by the TSA.
            (2) Aviation stakeholder.--The term ``aviation 
        stakeholder'' includes an airport, airport operator, and air 
        carrier.

SEC. 1929. TRACKING AND MONITORING OF CANINE TRAINING AND TESTING.

    Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Administrator shall use, to the extent practicable, a digital 
monitoring system for all training, testing, and validation or 
certification of public and private canine assets utilized or funded by 
the TSA to facilitate improved review, data analysis, and record 
keeping of canine testing performance and program administration.

SEC. 1930. VIPR TEAM STATISTICS.

    (a) VIPR Team Statistics.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the 
        Administrator shall notify the appropriate committees of 
        Congress of the number of VIPR teams available for deployment 
        at transportation facilities, including--
                    (A) the number of VIPR team operations that include 
                explosive detection canine teams; and
                    (B) the distribution of VIPR team operations 
                deployed across different modes of transportation.
            (2) Annex.--The notification under paragraph (1) may 
        contain a classified annex.
            (3) Definition of vipr team.--In this subsection, the term 
        ``VIPR'' means a Visible Intermodal Prevention and Response 
        team authorized under section 1303 of the National Transit 
        Systems Security Act of 2007 (6 U.S.C. 1112).
    (b) Authorization of VIPR Teams.--Section 1303(b) of the National 
Transit Systems Security Act of 2007 (6 U.S.C. 1112(b)) is amended by 
striking ``to the extent appropriated, including funds to develop not 
more than 60 VIPR teams, for fiscal years 2016 through 2018'' and 
inserting ``such sums as necessary, including funds to develop at least 
30, but not more than 60, VIPR teams, for fiscal years 2019 through 
2021''.

SEC. 1931. PUBLIC AREA SECURITY WORKING GROUP.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Public and private stakeholders.--The term ``public and 
        private stakeholders'' has the meaning given the term in 
        section 114(t)(1)(C) of title 49, United States Code.
            (2) Surface transportation asset.--The term ``surface 
        transportation asset'' includes--
                    (A) facilities, equipment, or systems used to 
                provide transportation services by--
                            (i) a public transportation agency (as the 
                        term is defined in section 1402 of the 
                        Implementing Recommendations of the 9/11 
                        Commission Act of 2007 (6 U.S.C. 1131));
                            (ii) a railroad carrier (as the term is 
                        defined in section 20102 of title 49, United 
                        States Code);
                            (iii) an owner or operator of--
                                    (I) an entity offering scheduled, 
                                fixed-route transportation services by 
                                over-the road bus (as the term is 
                                defined in section 1501 of the 
                                Implementing Recommendations of the 9/
                                11 Commission Act of 2007 (6 U.S.C. 
                                1151)); or
                                    (II) a bus terminal; or
                    (B) other transportation facilities, equipment, or 
                systems, as determined by the Secretary.
    (b) Public Area Security Working Group.--
            (1) Working group.--The Administrator, in coordination with 
        the National Protection and Programs Directorate, shall 
        establish a working group to promote collaborative engagement 
        between the TSA and public and private stakeholders to develop 
        non-binding recommendations for enhancing security in public 
        areas of transportation facilities (including facilities that 
        are surface transportation assets), including recommendations 
        regarding the following:
                    (A) Information sharing and interoperable 
                communication capabilities among the TSA and public and 
                private stakeholders with respect to terrorist or other 
                threats.
                    (B) Coordinated incident response procedures.
                    (C) The prevention of terrorist attacks and other 
                incidents through strategic planning, security 
                training, exercises and drills, law enforcement 
                patrols, worker vetting, and suspicious activity 
                reporting.
                    (D) Infrastructure protection through effective 
                construction design barriers and installation of 
                advanced surveillance and other security technologies.
            (2) Annual report.--
                    (A) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the 
                date the working group is established under paragraph 
                (1), the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate 
                committee of Congress a report, covering the 12-month 
                period preceding the date of the report, on--
                            (i) the organization of the working group;
                            (ii) the activities of the working group;
                            (iii) the participation of the TSA and 
                        public and private stakeholders in the 
                        activities of the working group;
                            (iv) the findings of the working group, 
                        including any recommendations.
                    (B) Publication.--The Administrator may publish a 
                public version of such report that describes the 
                activities of the working group and such related 
                matters as would be informative to the public, 
                consistent with section 552(b) of title 5, United 
                States Code.
            (3) Nonapplicability of faca.--The Federal Advisory 
        Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.) shall not apply to the working 
        group established under subsection (a) or any subcommittee 
        thereof.
    (c) Technical Assistance.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary shall--
                    (A) inform owners and operators of surface 
                transportation assets about the availability of 
                technical assistance, including vulnerability 
                assessment tools and cybersecurity guidelines, to help 
                protect and enhance the resilience of public areas of 
                such assets; and
                    (B) upon request, and subject to the availability 
                of appropriations, provide such technical assistance to 
                owners and operators of surface transportation assets.
            (2) Best practices.--Not later than 1 year after the date 
        of enactment of this Act, and periodically thereafter, the 
        Secretary shall publish on the Department website and widely 
        disseminate, as appropriate, current best practices for 
        protecting and enhancing the resilience of public areas of 
        transportation facilities (including facilities that are 
        surface transportation assets), including associated frameworks 
        or templates for implementation.
    (d) Review.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall--
                    (A) review of regulations, directives, policies, 
                and procedures issued by the Administrator regarding 
                the transportation of a firearm and ammunition; and
                    (B) submit to the appropriate committees of 
                Congress a report on the findings of the review under 
                subparagraph (A), including, as appropriate, 
                information on any plans to modify any regulation, 
                directive, policy, or procedure based on the review.
            (2) Consultation.--In preparing the report under paragraph 
        (1), the Administrator shall consult with--
                    (A) ASAC;
                    (B) the Surface Transportation Security Advisory 
                Committee under section 404 of the Homeland Security 
                Act of 2002; and
                    (C) appropriate public and private stakeholders.

SEC. 1932. PUBLIC AREA BEST PRACTICES.

    (a) In General.--The Administrator shall, in accordance with law 
and as received or developed, periodically submit information, on any 
best practices developed by the TSA or appropriate transportation 
stakeholders related to protecting the public spaces of transportation 
infrastructure from emerging threats, to the following:
            (1) Federal Security Directors at airports.
            (2) Appropriate security directors for other modes of 
        transportation.
            (3) Other appropriate transportation security stakeholders.
    (b) Information Sharing.--The Administrator shall, in accordance 
with law--
            (1) in coordination with the Office of the Director of 
        National Intelligence and industry partners, implement 
        improvements to the Air Domain Intelligence and Analysis Center 
        to encourage increased participation from stakeholders and 
        enhance government and industry security information sharing on 
        transportation security threats, including on cybersecurity 
        threat awareness;
            (2) expand and improve the City and Airport Threat 
        Assessment or similar program to public and private 
        stakeholders to capture, quantify, communicate, and apply 
        applicable intelligence to inform transportation infrastructure 
        mitigation measures, such as--
                    (A) quantifying levels of risk by airport that can 
                be used to determine risk-based security mitigation 
                measures at each location; and
                    (B) determining random and surge employee 
                inspection operations based on changing levels of risk;
            (3) continue to disseminate Transportation Intelligence 
        Notes, tear-lines, and related intelligence products to 
        appropriate transportation security stakeholders on a regular 
        basis; and
            (4) continue to conduct both regular routine and threat-
        specific classified briefings between the TSA and appropriate 
        transportation sector stakeholders on an individual or group 
        basis to provide greater information sharing between public and 
        private sectors.
    (c) Mass Notification.--The Administrator shall encourage security 
stakeholders to utilize mass notification systems, including the 
Integrated Public Alert Warning System of the Federal Emergency 
Management Agency and social media platforms, to disseminate 
information to transportation community employees, travelers, and the 
general public, as appropriate.
    (d) Public Awareness Programs.--The Secretary, in coordination with 
the Administrator, shall expand public programs of the Department of 
Homeland Security and the TSA that increase security threat awareness, 
education, and training to include transportation network public area 
employees, including airport and transportation vendors, local hotels, 
cab and limousine companies, ridesharing companies, cleaning companies, 
gas station attendants, cargo operators, and general aviation members.

SEC. 1933. AIRPORT WORKER ACCESS CONTROLS COST AND FEASIBILITY STUDY.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator, in consultation with ASAC, shall submit 
to the Comptroller General of the United States and the appropriate 
committees of Congress a study examining the shared cost and 
feasibility to airports, airlines, and the TSA of implementing enhanced 
employee inspection measures at all access points between non-secured 
areas and secured areas at a statistically significant number of 
Category I, II, III, IV, and X airports.
    (b) Assessment.--To the extent practicable, in conducting the 
study, the Administrator shall assess the cost, operational efficiency, 
and security effectiveness of requiring all employees to present for 
inspection at every access point between non-secured areas and secured 
areas of airports, and of deploying some or all of the following 
screening measures and technologies:
            (1) A secure door utilizing card and pin entry or biometric 
        technology.
            (2) Surveillance video recording capable of storing video 
        data for at least 30 days.
            (3) Advanced screening technologies, including at least 1 
        of the following:
                    (A) Magnetometer (walk-through or hand-held).
                    (B) Explosives detection canines.
                    (C) Explosives trace detection swabbing.
                    (D) Advanced imaging technology.
                    (E) X-ray bag screening technology.
            (4) The TSA's Advanced Threat Local Allocation Strategy 
        (commonly known as ``ATLAS'').
    (c) Contents.--To the extent practicable, the study under 
subsection (a) shall include the following:
            (1) Costs associated with establishing an operational 
        minimum number of employee entry and exit points.
            (2) A comparison of estimated costs and security 
        effectiveness associated with implementing the security 
        features specified in paragraphs (1), (2), (3), and (4) of 
        subsection (b) based on information on the experiences from 
        those category I, II, III, IV, and X airports that have already 
        implemented or piloted enhanced employee inspection measures at 
        access points between non-secured areas and secured areas of 
        airports.
    (d) GAO Review.--Not later than 90 days after the date of receipt 
of the study under subsection (a), the Comptroller General of the 
United States shall--
            (1) review the study to assess the quality and reliability 
        of the study; and
            (2) submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
        report on the results of the review under paragraph (1).

SEC. 1934. SECURING AIRPORT WORKER ACCESS POINTS.

    (a) Cooperative Efforts to Enhance Airport Security Awareness.--Not 
later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator shall consult with air carriers, foreign air carriers, 
airport operators, and labor unions representing credentialed employees 
to enhance security awareness of credentialed airport populations 
regarding insider threats to aviation security and best practices 
related to airport access controls.
    (b) Credentialing Standards.--Not later than 180 days after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator, in consultation with 
air carriers, foreign air carriers, airport operators, and labor unions 
representing credentialed employees, shall assess credentialing 
standards, policies, and practices, including implementation of 
relevant credentialing updates required under the FAA Extension, 
Safety, and Security Act of 2016 (Public Law 114-190; 130 Stat. 615), 
to ensure that insider threats to aviation security are adequately 
addressed.
    (c) SIDA Applications.--
            (1) Social security numbers required.--
                    (A) In general.--Not later than 60 days after the 
                date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall 
                revise the application submitted by an individual 
                applying for a credential granting access to the Secure 
                Identification Area of an airport to require the social 
                security number of such individual in order to 
                strengthen security vetting effectiveness.
                    (B) Failure to provide number.--An applicant who 
                does not provide such applicant's social security 
                number may be denied such a credential.
            (2) Screening notice.--The Administrator shall issue 
        requirements for an airport operator to include in each 
        application for access to a Security Identification Display 
        Area notification to the applicant that an employee holding a 
        credential granting access to a Security Identification Display 
        Area may be screened at any time while gaining access to, 
        working in, or leaving a Security Identification Display Area.
    (d) Secured and Sterile Areas of Airports.--The Administrator shall 
consult with airport operators and airline operators to identify 
advanced technologies, including biometric identification technologies, 
that could be used for securing employee access to the secured areas 
and sterile areas of airports.
    (e) Rap Back Vetting .--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall identify and submit to 
the appropriate committees of Congress the number of credentialed 
aviation worker populations at airports that are continuously vetted 
through the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Rap Back Service, 
consistent with section 3405(b)(2) of the FAA Extension, Safety, and 
Security Act of 2016 (49 U.S.C. 44901 note).
    (f) Insider Threat Education and Mitigation.--Not later than 180 
days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall 
identify means of enhancing the TSA's ability to leverage the resources 
of the Department and the intelligence community (as defined in section 
3 of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3003)) to educate 
Administration personnel on insider threats to aviation security and 
how the TSA can better mitigate such insider threats.
    (g) Employee Inspections.--Consistent with the FAA Extension, 
Safety, and Security Act of 2016 (Public Law 114-190; 130 Stat. 615), 
the Administrator shall ensure that TSA-led, random employee physical 
inspection efforts of aviation workers are targeted, strategic, and 
focused on providing the greatest level of security effectiveness.
    (h) Covert Testing.--
            (1) In general.--Consistent with the FAA Extension, Safety, 
        and Security Act of 2016 (Public Law 114-190; 130 Stat. 615), 
        the Administrator shall continue to conduct covert testing of 
        TSA-led employee inspection operations at airports and measure 
        existing levels of security effectiveness.
            (2) Requirements.--The Administrator shall provide--
                    (A) the results of such testing to--
                            (i) the airport operator for the airport 
                        that is the subject of any such testing; and
                            (ii) as appropriate, to air carriers and 
                        foreign air carriers that operate at the 
                        airport that is the subject of such testing; 
                        and
                    (B) recommendations and technical assistance for 
                air carriers, foreign air carriers, and airport 
                operators to conduct their own employee inspections, as 
                needed.
            (3) Annual reporting.--The Administrator shall for each of 
        fiscal years 2019 through 2021, submit to the appropriate 
        committees of Congress a report on the frequency, methodology, 
        strategy, and effectiveness of employee inspection operations 
        at airports.
    (i) Centralized Database.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator, in consultation with 
        ASAC, shall--
                    (A) subject to paragraph (2), establish a national, 
                centralized database of the names of each individual 
                who--
                            (i) has had an airport-issued badge revoked 
                        for failure to comply with aviation security 
                        requirements; or
                            (ii) has had an aircraft operator-issued 
                        badge revoked for failure to comply with 
                        aviation security requirements;
                    (B) determine the appropriate reporting mechanisms 
                for air carriers, foreign air carriers, and airport 
                operators--
                            (i) to submit to the Administration data 
                        regarding an individual described in 
                        subparagraph (A); and
                            (ii) to access the database; and
                    (C) establish a process to allow an individual 
                whose name is mistakenly entered into the database to 
                correct the record and have the individual's name 
                expunged from the database.
            (2) Limitation.--The database shall not include the name of 
        any individual whose badge has been revoked as a result of a 
        termination or cessation of employment unrelated to--
                    (A) a violation of a security requirement; or
                    (B) a determination that the individual poses a 
                threat to aviation security.

SEC. 1935. LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICER REIMBURSEMENT PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--In accordance with section 44903(c)(1) of title 
49, United States Code, the Administrator shall increase the number of 
awards, and the total funding amount of each award, under the Law 
Enforcement Officer Reimbursement Program--
            (1) to increase the presence of law enforcement officers in 
        the public areas of airports, including baggage claim, ticket 
        counters, and nearby roads;
            (2) to increase the presence of law enforcement officers at 
        screening checkpoints;
            (3) to reduce the response times of law enforcement 
        officers during security incidents; and
            (4) to provide visible deterrents to potential terrorists.
    (b) Cooperation by Administrator.--In carrying out subsection (a), 
the Administrator shall use the authority provided to the Administrator 
under section 114(m) of title 49, United States Code, that is the same 
authority as is provided to the Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
Administration under section 106(m) of that title.
    (c) Administrative Burdens.--The Administrator shall review the 
regulations and compliance policies related to the Law Enforcement 
Officer Reimbursement Program and, if necessary, revise such 
regulations and policies to reduce any administrative burdens on 
applicants or recipients of such awards.
    (d) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out section 44901(h) of title 49, United States 
Code, $55,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2021.

SEC. 1936. AIRPORT PERIMETER AND ACCESS CONTROL SECURITY.

    (a) Risk Assessments of Airport Security.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator shall--
                    (A) not later than 180 days after the date of 
                enactment of this Act, update the Transportation Sector 
                Security Risk Assessment (referred to in this section 
                as the ``TSSRA''); and
                    (B) not later than 90 days after the date the TSSRA 
                is updated under subparagraph (A)--
                            (i) update with the most currently 
                        available intelligence information the 
                        Comprehensive Risk Assessment of Perimeter and 
                        Access Control Security (referred to in this 
                        section as the ``Risk Assessment of Airport 
                        Security'');
                            (ii) establish a regular schedule for 
                        periodic updates to the Risk Assessment of 
                        Airport Security; and
                            (iii) conduct a system-wide assessment of 
                        airport access control points and airport 
                        perimeter security.
            (2) Contents.--The security risk assessments required under 
        paragraph (1)(B) shall--
                    (A) include updates reflected in the TSSRA and 
                Joint Vulnerability Assessment findings;
                    (B) reflect changes to the risk environment 
                relating to airport access control points and airport 
                perimeters;
                    (C) use security event data for specific analysis 
                of system-wide trends related to airport access control 
                points and airport perimeter security to better inform 
                risk management decisions; and
                    (D) consider the unique geography of and current 
                best practices used by airports to mitigate potential 
                vulnerabilities.
            (3) Report.--The Administrator shall report the results of 
        the TSSRA and Risk Assessment of Airport Security under 
        paragraph (1) to--
                    (A) the appropriate committees of Congress;
                    (B) relevant Federal departments and agencies; and
                    (C) airport operators.
    (b) Airport Security Strategy Development.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall update the 2012 
        National Strategy for Airport Perimeter and Access Control 
        Security (referred to in this section as the ``National 
        Strategy'').
            (2) Contents.--The update to the National Strategy shall 
        include--
                    (A) information from the Risk Assessment of Airport 
                Security; and
                    (B) information on--
                            (i) airport security-related activities;
                            (ii) the status of TSA efforts to address 
                        the objectives of the National Strategy;
                            (iii) finalized outcome-based performance 
                        measures and performance levels for--
                                    (I) each activity described in 
                                clause (i); and
                                    (II) each objective described in 
                                clause (ii); and
                            (iv) input from airport operators.
            (3) Updates.--Not later than 90 days after the date the 
        update to the National Strategy is complete, the Administrator 
        shall establish a regular schedule for determining if and when 
        additional updates to the strategy under paragraph (1) are 
        necessary.

                Subtitle D--Passenger and Cargo Security

SEC. 1937. PRECHECK PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--Section 44919 is amended to read as follows:
``Sec. 44919. PreCheck Program
    ``(a) In General.--The Administrator of the Transportation Security 
Administration shall continue to administer the PreCheck Program in 
accordance with section 109(a)(3) of the Aviation and Transportation 
Security Act (49 U.S.C. 114 note).
    ``(b) Expansion.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of the TSA Modernization Act, the Administrator shall enter 
into an agreement, using other transaction authority under section 
114(m) of this title, with at least 2 private sector entities to 
increase the methods and capabilities available for the public to 
enroll in the PreCheck Program.
    ``(c) Minimum Capability Requirements.--At least 1 agreement under 
subsection (b) shall include the following capabilities:
            ``(1) Start-to-finish secure online or mobile enrollment 
        capability.
            ``(2) Vetting of an applicant by means other than 
        biometrics, such as a risk assessment, if--
                    ``(A) such means--
                            ``(i) are evaluated and certified by the 
                        Secretary of Homeland Security;
                            ``(ii) meet the definition of a qualified 
                        anti-terrorism technology under section 865 of 
                        the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 
                        444); and
                            ``(iii) are determined by the Administrator 
                        to provide a risk assessment that is as 
                        effective as a fingerprint-based criminal 
                        history records check conducted through the 
                        Federal Bureau of Investigation with respect to 
                        identifying individuals who are not qualified 
                        to participate in the PreCheck Program due to 
                        disqualifying criminal history; and
                    ``(B) with regard to private sector risk 
                assessments, the Secretary has certified that 
                reasonable procedures are in place with regard to the 
                accuracy, relevancy, and proper utilization of 
                information employed in such risk assessments.
    ``(d) Additional Capability Requirements.--At least 1 agreement 
under subsection (b) shall include the following capabilities:
            ``(1) Start-to-finish secure online or mobile enrollment 
        capability.
            ``(2) Vetting of an applicant by means of biometrics if the 
        collection--
                    ``(A) is comparable with the appropriate and 
                applicable standards developed by the National 
                Institute of Standards and Technology;
                    ``(B) protects privacy and data security, including 
                that any personally identifiable information is 
                collected, retained, used, and shared in a manner 
                consistent with section 552a of title 5, United States 
                Code (commonly known as `Privacy Act of 1974'), and 
                with agency regulations;
                    ``(C) is evaluated and certified by the Secretary 
                of Homeland Security; and
                    ``(D) is determined by the Administrator to provide 
                a risk assessment that is as effective as a 
                fingerprint-based criminal history records check 
                conducted through the Federal Bureau of Investigation 
                with respect to identifying individuals who are not 
                qualified to participate in the PreCheck Program due to 
                disqualifying criminal history.
    ``(e) Target Enrollment.--Subject to subsections (b), (c), and (d), 
the Administrator shall take actions to expand the total number of 
individuals enrolled in the PreCheck Program as follows:
            ``(1) 7,000,000 passengers before October 1, 2019.
            ``(2) 10,000,000 passengers before October 1, 2020.
            ``(3) 15,000,000 passengers before October 1, 2021.
    ``(f) Marketing of PreCheck Program.--Not later than 90 days after 
the date of enactment of the TSA Modernization Act, the Administrator 
shall--
            ``(1) enter into at least 2 agreements, using other 
        transaction authority under section 114(m) of this title, to 
        market the PreCheck Program; and
            ``(2) implement a long-term strategy for partnering with 
        the private sector to encourage enrollment in such program.
    ``(g) Identity Verification Enhancement.--The Administrator shall--
            ``(1) coordinate with the heads of appropriate components 
        of the Department to leverage Department-held data and 
        technologies to verify the identity and citizenship of 
        individuals enrolling in the PreCheck Program;
            ``(2) partner with the private sector to use biometrics and 
        authentication standards, such as relevant standards developed 
        by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, to 
        facilitate enrollment in the program; and
            ``(3) consider leveraging the existing resources and 
        abilities of airports to collect fingerprints for use in 
        background checks to expedite identity verification.
    ``(h) PreCheck Program Lanes Operation.--The Administrator shall--
            ``(1) ensure that PreCheck Program screening lanes are open 
        and available during peak and high-volume travel times at 
        appropriate airports to individuals enrolled in the PreCheck 
        Program; and
            ``(2) make every practicable effort to provide expedited 
        screening at standard screening lanes during times when 
        PreCheck Program screening lanes are closed to individuals 
        enrolled in the program in order to maintain operational 
        efficiency.
    ``(i) Eligibility of Members of the Armed Forces for Expedited 
Security Screening.--
            ``(1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (3), an individual 
        specified in paragraph (2) is eligible for expedited security 
        screening under the PreCheck Program.
            ``(2) Individuals specified.--An individual specified in 
        this subsection is any of the following:
                    ``(A) A member of the Armed Forces, including a 
                member of a reserve component or the National Guard.
                    ``(B) A cadet or midshipman of the United States 
                Military Academy, the United States Naval Academy, the 
                United States Air Force Academy, or the United States 
                Coast Guard Academy.
                    ``(C) A family member of an individual specified in 
                subparagraph (A) or (B) who is younger than 12 years 
                old and accompanying the individual.
            ``(3) Implementation.--The eligibility of an individual 
        specified in paragraph (2) for expedited security screening 
        under the PreCheck Program is subject to such policies and 
        procedures as the Administrator may prescribe to carry out this 
        subsection, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense and, 
        with respect to the United States Coast Guard, the Commandant 
        of the United States Coast Guard.
    ``(j) Vetting for PreCheck Program Participants.--The Administrator 
shall initiate an assessment to identify any security vulnerabilities 
in the vetting process for the PreCheck Program, including determining 
whether subjecting PreCheck Program participants to recurrent 
fingerprint-based criminal history records checks, in addition to 
recurrent checks against the terrorist watchlist, could be done in a 
cost-effective manner to strengthen the security of the PreCheck 
Program.
    ``(k) Assurance of Separate Program.--In carrying out this section, 
the Administrator shall ensure that the additional private sector 
application capabilities under subsections (b), (c), and (d) are 
undertaken in addition to any other related TSA program, initiative, or 
procurement, including the Universal Enrollment Services program.
    ``(l) Expenditure of Funds.--Any Federal funds expended by the 
Administrator to expand PreCheck Program enrollment shall be expended 
in a manner that includes the requirements of this section.''.
    (b) Technical and Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) Repeal.--Subtitle A of title III of the FAA Extension, 
        Safety, and Security Act of 2016 (49 U.S.C. 44901 note) and the 
        items relating to that subtitle in the table of contents of 
        that Act are repealed.
            (2) Table of contents.--The table of contents of chapter 
        449 is amended by amending the item relating to section 44919 
        to read as follows:

``44919. PreCheck Program.''.
            (3) Screening passengers and property.--Section 44901(a) is 
        amended by striking ``44919 or''.

SEC. 1938. PRECHECK EXPEDITED SCREENING.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 18 months after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall ensure that only a 
traveler who is a member of a trusted traveler program specified in 
subsection (b) is permitted to use a TSA PreCheck security screening 
lane at a passenger screening checkpoint.
    (b) Trusted Traveler Programs Specified.--A trusted traveler 
program specified in this subsection is any of the following:
            (1) The PreCheck Program under section 44919 of title 49, 
        United States Code.
            (2) Any other program implemented by the TSA under section 
        109(a)(3) of the Aviation and Transportation Security Act (49 
        U.S.C. 114 note).
            (3) Any other United States Government program that issues 
        a unique identifier, such as a known traveler number, that the 
        TSA accepts as validating that the individual holding such 
        identifier is a member of a known low-risk population.
    (c) Exemptions.--Nothing in this section shall affect--
            (1) the authority of the Administrator, under section 44927 
        of title 49, United States Code, to carry out expedited 
        screening for members of the Armed Forces with disabilities or 
        severe injuries or veterans with disabilities or severe 
        injuries; or
            (2) the Honor Flight program under section 44928 of that 
        title.
    (d) Low-risk Travelers.--Any traveler who is determined by the 
Administrator to be low risk based on the traveler's age and who is not 
a member of a trusted traveler program specified in subsection (b) 
shall be permitted to utilize TSA PreCheck security screening lanes at 
Transportation Security Administration checkpoints when traveling on 
the same reservation as a member of such a program.
    (e) Risk Modified Screening.--
            (1) Pilot program.--Not later than 60 days after the date 
        of enactment of this Act and subject to paragraph (2), the 
        Administrator shall commence a pilot program regarding a risk 
        modified screening protocol for lanes other than designated TSA 
        PreCheck security screening lanes at passenger screening 
        checkpoints, in airports of varying categories, to further 
        segment passengers based on risk.
            (2) Eligibility.--Only a low-risk passenger shall be 
        eligible to participate in the risk modified screening pilot 
        program under paragraph (1).
            (3) Definition of low-risk passenger.--In this subsection, 
        the term ``low-risk passenger'' means a passenger who--
                    (A) meets a risk-based, intelligence-driven 
                criteria prescribed by the Administrator; or
                    (B) undergoes a canine enhanced screening upon 
                arrival at the passenger screening checkpoint.
            (4) Termination.--The pilot program shall terminate on the 
        date that is 120 days after the date it commences under 
        paragraph (1).
            (5) Briefing.--Not later than 30 days after the termination 
        date under paragraph (4), the Administrator shall brief the 
        appropriate committees of Congress on the findings of the pilot 
        program, including--
                    (A) information relating to the security 
                effectiveness and passenger facilitation effectiveness 
                of the risk modified screening protocol;
                    (B) a determination regarding whether the risk 
                modified screening protocol was effective; and
                    (C) if the Administrator determined that the 
                protocol was effective, a plan for the deployment of 
                the protocol at as many TSA passenger screening 
                checkpoints as practicable.
            (6) Implementation.--In determining whether deployment of 
        the protocol at a TSA passenger screening checkpoint at an 
        airport is practicable, the Administrator shall consider--
                    (A) the level of risk at the airport;
                    (B) the available space at the airport;
                    (C) passenger throughput levels at the airport;
                    (D) the checkpoint configuration at the airport; 
                and
                    (E) adequate resources to appropriately serve 
                passengers in TSA PreCheck security screening lanes at 
                the passenger screening checkpoint.
    (f) Working Group.--
            (1) In general.--In carrying out subsection (e), the 
        Administrator shall establish a working group to advise the 
        Administrator on the development of plans for the deployment of 
        the protocol at TSA passenger screening checkpoints, other than 
        designated TSA PreCheck security screening lanes, in the most 
        effective and efficient manner practicable.
            (2) Members.--The working group shall be comprised of 
        representatives of Category X, I, II, III, and IV airports and 
        air carriers (as the term is defined in section 40102 of title 
        49, United States Code).
            (3) Nonapplicability of faca.--The Federal Advisory 
        Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.) shall not apply to the working 
        group established under this subsection.
    (g) Briefings.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator shall brief, on a 
        biannual basis, the appropriate committees of Congress on the 
        implementation of subsections (a) until the Administrator 
        certifies that only travelers who are members of trusted 
        traveler programs specified in subsection (b) are permitted to 
        use TSA PreCheck security screening lanes at passenger 
        screening checkpoints.
            (2) Certification.--Upon a determination by the 
        Administrator that only travelers who are members of a trusted 
        traveler program specified in subsection (b) are permitted to 
        use TSA PreCheck security screening lanes at checkpoints in 
        accordance with subsection (a), the Administrator shall submit 
        to the appropriate committees of Congress a written 
        certification relating to such determination.
    (h) Inspector General Assessments.--The Inspector General of the 
Department shall assess and transmit to the appropriate committees of 
Congress the Administrator's implementation under subsection (a).
    (i) Expansion of TSA PreCheck Program Enrollment.--
            (1) Long-term strategy.--Not later than 180 days after the 
        date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall develop 
        and begin the implementation a long-term strategy to increase 
        enrollment in the TSA PreCheck Program.
            (2) Considerations.--In developing the strategy under 
        paragraph (1), the Administrator shall consider the following:
                    (A) Partnering with air carriers (as the term is 
                defined in section 40102 of title 49, United States 
                Code) to incorporate PreCheck Program promotion 
                opportunities in the reservation process described in 
                section 1560.101 of title 49, Code of Federal 
                Regulations;
                    (B) Including in the PreCheck Program of an 
                individual who--
                            (i) holds a Secret, Top Secret, or Top 
                        Secret/Sensitive Compartmented Information 
                        clearance, unless the individual has had the 
                        individual's clearance revoked or did not pass 
                        a periodic reinvestigation; or
                            (ii) is a current, full-time Federal law 
                        enforcement officer.
                    (C) Providing PreCheck Program enrollment 
                flexibility by offering secure mobile enrollment 
                platforms that facilitate in-person identity 
                verification and application data collection, such as 
                through biometrics.
                    (D) Reducing travel time to PreCheck Program 
                enrollment centers for applicants, including--
                            (i) by adjusting the locations and 
                        schedules of existing PreCheck Program 
                        enrollment centers to accommodate demand;
                            (ii) by seeking to colocate such enrollment 
                        centers with existing facilities that support 
                        the issuance of--
                                    (I) United States passports; and
                                    (II) Security Identification 
                                Display Area credentials (as the term 
                                is defined in section 1540.5 of title 
                                49, Code of Federal Regulations) 
                                located in public, non-secure areas of 
                                airports if no systems of an airport 
                                operator are used in support of 
                                enrollment activities for such 
                                credentials; and
                            (iii) by increasing the availability of 
                        PreCheck Program enrollment platforms, such as 
                        kiosks, tablets, or staffed laptop stations.
                    (E) The feasibility of providing financial 
                assistance or other incentives for PreCheck Program 
                enrollment for--
                            (i) children who are at least 12 years or 
                        older, but less than 18 years old;
                            (ii) families consisting of 5 or more 
                        immediate family members;
                            (iii) private sector entities, including 
                        small businesses, to establish PreCheck Program 
                        enrollment centers in their respective 
                        facilities; and
                            (iv) private sector entities, including 
                        small business concerns (as the term is 
                        described in section 3 of the Small Business 
                        Act (15 U.S.C. 632)), to reimburse an employee 
                        for the cost of the PreCheck Program 
                        application.

SEC. 1939. TRUSTED TRAVELER PROGRAMS; COLLABORATION.

    Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Administrator, in consultation with the Commissioner of U.S. 
Customs and Border Protection, shall--
            (1) review each trusted traveler program administered by 
        U.S. Customs and Border Protection and the PreCheck Program;
            (2) identify any improvements that can be made to such 
        programs--
                    (A) to streamline and integrate the requirements 
                and operations of such programs to reduce 
                administrative burdens, including applications for 
                inclusion and determining whether a valid credential 
                can satisfy the requirements for another credential;
                    (B) to increase information and data sharing across 
                such programs; and
                    (C) to allow the public to access and link to the 
                applications for enrollment in all of such programs 
                from 1 online portal;
            (3) identify any law, including regulations, policy, or 
        procedure that may unnecessarily inhibit collaboration among 
        Department of Homeland Security agencies regarding such 
        programs or implementation of the improvements identified under 
        paragraph (2);
            (4) recommend any legislative, administrative, or other 
        actions that can be taken to eliminate any unnecessary barriers 
        to collaboration or implementation identified in paragraph (3); 
        and
            (5) submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
        report on the review, including any unnecessary barriers to 
        collaboration or implementation identified under paragraph (3), 
        and any recommendations under paragraph (4).

SEC. 1940. PASSENGER SECURITY FEE.

    Section 44940(c) is amended by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) Offsetting collections.--Beginning on October 1, 
        2027, fees collected under subsection (a)(1) for any fiscal 
        year shall be credited as offsetting collections to 
        appropriations made for aviation security measures carried out 
        by the Transportation Security Administration, to remain 
        available until expended.''.

SEC. 1941. THIRD PARTY CANINE TEAMS FOR AIR CARGO SECURITY.

    Section 1307 of the Implementing Recommendations of the 9/11 
Commission Act of 2007 (6 U.S.C. 1116) is amended by adding at the end 
the following:
    ``(h) Third Party Canine Teams for Air Cargo Security.--
            ``(1) In general.--In order to enhance the screening of air 
        cargo and ensure that third party explosives detection canine 
        assets are leveraged for such purpose, the Administrator shall, 
        not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of the TSA 
        Modernization Act--
                    ``(A) develop and issue standards for the use of 
                such third party explosives detection canine assets for 
                the primary screening of air cargo;
                    ``(B) develop a process to identify qualified non-
                Federal entities that will certify canine assets that 
                meet the standards established by the Administrator 
                under subparagraph (A);
                    ``(C) ensure that entities qualified to certify 
                canine assets shall be independent from entities that 
                will train and provide canines to end users of such 
                canine assets;
                    ``(D) establish a system of Transportation Security 
                Administration audits of the process developed under 
                subparagraph (B); and
                    ``(E) provide that canines certified for the 
                primary screening of air cargo can be used by air 
                carriers, foreign air carriers, freight forwarders, and 
                shippers.
            ``(2) Implementation.--Beginning on the date that the 
        development of the process under paragraph (1)(B) is complete, 
        the Administrator shall--
                    ``(A) facilitate the deployment of such assets that 
                meet the certification standards of the Administration, 
                as determined by the Administrator;
                    ``(B) make such standards available to vendors 
                seeking to train and deploy third party explosives 
                detection canine assets; and
                    ``(C) ensure that all costs for the training and 
                certification of canines, and for the use of supplied 
                canines, are borne by private industry and not the 
                Federal Government.
            ``(3) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                    ``(A) Air carrier.--The term `air carrier' has the 
                meaning given the term in section 40102 of title 49, 
                United States Code.
                    ``(B) Foreign air carrier.--The term `foreign air 
                carrier' has the meaning given the term in section 
                40102 of title 49, United States Code.
                    ``(C) Third party explosives detection canine 
                asset.--The term `third party explosives detection 
                canine asset' means any explosives detection canine or 
                handler not owned or employed, respectively, by the 
                Transportation Security Administration.''.

SEC. 1942. KNOWN SHIPPER PROGRAM REVIEW.

    The Administrator shall direct the Air Cargo Subcommittee of ASAC--
            (1) to conduct a comprehensive review and security 
        assessment of the Known Shipper Program;
            (2) to recommend whether the Known Shipper Program should 
        be modified or eliminated considering the full implementation 
        of 100 percent screening under section 44901(g) of title 49, 
        United States Code; and
            (3) to report its findings and recommendations to the 
        Administrator.

SEC. 1943. ESTABLISHMENT OF AIR CARGO SECURITY DIVISION.

    (a) In General.--Subchapter II of chapter 449 is amended by adding 
at the end the following:
``Sec. 44947. Air cargo security division
    ``(a) Establishment.--Not later than 90 days after the date of 
enactment of the TSA Modernization Act, the Administrator shall 
establish an air cargo security division to carry out and engage with 
stakeholders regarding the implementation of air cargo security 
programs established by the Administration.
    ``(b) Leadership; Staffing.--The air cargo security division 
established pursuant to subsection (a) shall be headed by an individual 
in the executive service within the TSA and be staffed by not fewer 
than 4 full-time equivalents, including the head of the division.
    ``(c) Staffing.--The Administrator of the Transportation Security 
Administration shall staff the air cargo security division with 
existing TSA personnel.''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents of chapter 449 is 
amended by inserting after the item related to section 44946 the 
following:

``44947. Air cargo security division.''.

SEC. 1944. AIR CARGO REGULATION REVIEW.

    (a) Review.--Not later than 150 days after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator shall--
            (1) review the Certified Cargo Screening Program, 
        including--
                    (A) consideration of the degree to which the 
                Program is effective at fully addressing evolving 
                threats to air cargo, particularly as air cargo volumes 
                fluctuate; and
                    (B) identification of any vulnerabilities in the 
                Program and effectiveness of information sharing with 
                air cargo security stakeholders; and
            (2) submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
        report on the findings of the review under paragraph (1), 
        including--
                    (A) a description of the actions the Administrator 
                has taken to improve the Program; and
                    (B) a description of the actions the Administrator 
                will take to address the findings of the review under 
                paragraph (1), including any plans to issue new 
                rulemaking, if necessary.

SEC. 1945. GAO REVIEW.

    Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Comptroller General of the United States shall--
            (1) review the Department's analysis and intelligence pre-
        screening processes and procedures for air cargo entering the 
        United States;
            (2) review the pilot program conducted under section 1925;
            (3) assess the effectiveness of the Department's risk-based 
        strategy for examining air cargo and ensuring compliance with 
        air cargo security law, including regulations; and
            (4) review the Department's information sharing procedures 
        and practices for disseminating information to relevant 
        stakeholders on preventing, mitigating, and responding to air 
        cargo related threats.

SEC. 1946. SCREENING PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM UPDATES.

    (a) Security Screening Opt-Out Program.--Section 44920 is amended--
            (1) in the heading by striking ``Security screening opt-out 
        program'' and inserting ``Screening partnership program'';
            (2) by amending subsection (a) to read as follows:
    ``(a) In General.--An airport operator may submit to the 
Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration an 
application to carry out the screening of passengers and property at 
the airport under section 44901 by personnel of a qualified private 
screening company pursuant to a contract entered into with the 
Transportation Security Administration.'';
            (3) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) by amending paragraph (1) to read as follows:
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than 60 days after the date of 
        receipt of an application submitted by an airport operator 
        under subsection (a), the Administrator shall approve or deny 
        the application.''; and
                    (B) in paragraphs (2) and (3), by striking ``Under 
                Secretary'' each place it appears and inserting 
                ``Administrator'';
            (4) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) in the heading, by striking ``Standards'' 
                inserting ``Selection of Contracts and Standards'';
                    (B) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph 
                (3);
                    (C) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) by striking ``The Under Secretary may 
                        enter'' and all that follows through 
                        ``certifies to Congress that--'' and inserting 
                        ``The Administrator shall, upon approval of the 
                        application, provide the airport operator with 
                        a list of qualified private screening 
                        companies.''; and
                            (ii) by inserting before subparagraphs (A) 
                        and (B) the following:
            ``(2) Contracts.--The Administrator shall, to the extent 
        practicable, enter into a contract with a private screening 
        company from the list provided under paragraph (1) for the 
        provision of screening at the airport not later than 120 days 
        after the date of approval of an application submitted by the 
        airport operator under subsection (a) if--''; and
                    (D) in paragraph (2), as redesignated--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``; 
                        and'' and inserting a semicolon;
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B)--
                                    (I) by striking ``Under Secretary'' 
                                and inserting ``Administrator''; and
                                    (II) by striking the period at the 
                                end and inserting ``; and''; and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(C) the selected qualified private screening 
                company offered contract price is equal to or less than 
                the cost to the Federal Government to provide screening 
                services at the airport.''; and
                    (E) in paragraph (3), as redesignated--
                            (i) by striking ``paragraph (1)(B)'' and 
                        inserting ``paragraph (2)(B)''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each 
                        place it appears and inserting 
                        ``Administrator'';
            (5) in subsection (e)--
                    (A) in the heading, by striking ``Screened'' and 
                inserting ``Screening'';
                    (B) by striking the period at the end and inserting 
                ``; and'';
                    (C) by striking ``The Under Secretary shall'' and 
                inserting ``The Administrator shall--'';
                    (D) by inserting ``(1)'' before ``provide Federal 
                Government'' and indenting appropriately; and
                    (E) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) undertake covert testing and remedial training 
        support for employees of private screening companies providing 
        screening at airports.'';
            (6) in subsection (f)--
                    (A) in the heading, by inserting ``or Suspension'' 
                after ``Termination'';
                    (B) by striking ``terminate'' and inserting 
                ``suspend or terminate, as appropriate,''; and
                    (C) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it 
                appears and inserting ``Administrator''; and
            (7) by striking subsection (h) and inserting the following:
    ``(h) Evaluation of Screening Company Proposals for Award.--
            ``(1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), 
        notwithstanding any other provision of law, including title 48 
        of the Code of Federal Regulations and the Federal Advisory 
        Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.), an airport operator that has 
        applied and been approved to have security screening services 
        carried out by a qualified private screening company under 
        contract with the Administrator may nominate to the head of the 
        contracting activity an individual to participate in the 
        evaluation of proposals for the award of such contract.
            ``(2) Participation on a proposal evaluation committee.--
        Any participation on a proposal evaluation committee under 
        paragraph (1) shall be conducted in accordance with chapter 21 
        of title 41.
    ``(i) Innovative Screening Approaches and Technologies.--The 
Administrator shall encourage an airport operator to whom screening 
services are provided under this section to recommend to the 
Administrator innovative screening approaches and technologies. Upon 
receipt of any such recommendations, the Administrator shall review 
and, if appropriate, test, conduct a pilot project, and, if 
appropriate, deploy such approaches and technologies.''.
    (b) Feasibility Assessment.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator, in consultation with 
        airport operators and airlines, shall submit to the appropriate 
        committees of Congress an assessment of the feasibility of 
        modifying the Screening Partnership Program to allow an 
        individual airport terminal to participate in the Screening 
        Partnership Program.
            (2) Considerations.--In conducting the assessment under 
        paragraph (1), the Administrator shall consider--
                    (A) potential benefits and costs, including with 
                respect to the efficacy of security operations, of such 
                an approach;
                    (B) potential impacts on security operations; and
                    (C) potential impacts on recruitment, hiring, and 
                retention.
    (c) Applications Submitted Before the Date of Enactment.--Not later 
than 30 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator 
shall approve or deny, in accordance with section 44920(b) of title 49, 
United States Code, as amended by this Act, each application submitted 
before the date of enactment of this Act, by an airport operator under 
subsection (a) of that section, that is awaiting such a determination.

SEC. 1947. SCREENING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENTS.

    Subject to part 1520 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, the 
Administrator shall quarterly make available to the airport director of 
an airport--
            (1) an assessment of the screening performance of that 
        airport compared to the mean average performance of all 
        airports in the equivalent airport category for screening 
        performance data; and
            (2) a briefing on the results of performance data reports, 
        including--
                    (A) a scorecard of objective metrics developed by 
                the Office of Security Operations to measure screening 
                performance, such as results of annual proficiency 
                reviews and covert testing, at the appropriate level of 
                classification; and
                    (B) other performance data, including--
                            (i) passenger throughput;
                            (ii) wait times; and
                            (iii) employee attrition, absenteeism, 
                        injury rates, and any other human capital 
                        measures collected by the TSA.

SEC. 1948. TRANSPORTATION SECURITY TRAINING PROGRAMS.

    (a) In General.--Section 44935 is amended--
            (1) by striking ``(i) Accessibility of Computer-based 
        Training Facilities.--'' and inserting ``(k) Accessibility of 
        Computer-based Training Facilities.--''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(l) Initial and Recurring Training.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Administrator shall establish a 
        training program for new security screening personnel located 
        at the Transportation Security Administration Academy.
            ``(2) Recurring training.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Not later than 180 days after 
                the date of enactment of the TSA Modernization Act, the 
                Administrator shall establish recurring training for 
                security screening personnel regarding updates to 
                screening procedures and technologies, including, in 
                response to weaknesses identified in covert tests at 
                airports--
                            ``(i) methods to identify the verification 
                        of false or fraudulent travel documents; and
                            ``(ii) training on emerging threats.
                    ``(B) Contents.--The training under subparagraph 
                (A) shall include--
                            ``(i) internal controls for monitoring and 
                        documenting compliance of transportation 
                        security officers with such training 
                        requirements; and
                            ``(ii) such other matters as identified by 
                        the Administrator with regard to such 
                        training.''.
    (b) GAO Study.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall--
            (1) examine the effectiveness of the new security screening 
        personnel training under section 44935(l) of title 49, United 
        States Code; and
            (2) submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
        report on the findings under paragraph (1), including any 
        recommendations.

SEC. 1949. TRAVELER REDRESS IMPROVEMENT.

    (a) Redress Process.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 30 days after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator, using existing 
        resources, systems, and processes, shall ensure the 
        availability of the Department of Homeland Security Traveler 
        Redress Inquiry Program (referred to in this section as ``DHS 
        TRIP'') redress process to adjudicate an inquiry for an 
        individual who--
                    (A) is a citizen of the United States or alien 
                lawfully admitted for permanent residence;
                    (B) has filed the inquiry with DHS TRIP after 
                receiving enhanced screening at an airport passenger 
                security checkpoint more than 3 times in any 60-day 
                period; and
                    (C) believes the individual has been wrongly 
                identified as being a threat to aviation security.
            (2) Briefing.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall brief the 
        appropriate committees of Congress on the implementation of the 
        redress process required under paragraph (1).
    (b) Privacy Impact Review and Update.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall review and 
        update the Privacy Impact Assessment for the Secure Flight 
        programs to ensure the assessment accurately reflects the 
        operation of such programs.
            (2) Public dissemination; form.--The Administrator shall--
                    (A) publish the Secure Flight Privacy Impact 
                Assessment review and update required under paragraph 
                (1) on a publicly-accessible internet webpage of the 
                TSA; and
                    (B) submit the Secure Flight Privacy Impact 
                Assessment review and update to the appropriate 
                committees of Congress.
    (c) Rule Review and Notification Process.--
            (1) Rule review.--Not later than 60 days after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, and every 120 days thereafter, the 
        Assistant Administrator of the Office of Intelligence and 
        Analysis of the TSA, in coordination with the entities 
        specified in paragraph (3), shall identify and review the 
        screening rules established by the Office of Intelligence and 
        Analysis of TSA.
            (2) Notification process.--Not later than 2 days after the 
        date that any change to a rule identified under paragraph (1) 
        is made, the Assistant Administrator of the Office of 
        Intelligence and Analysis of the TSA shall notify the entities 
        specified in paragraph (3) of the change.
            (3) Entities specified.--The entities specified in this 
        paragraph are as follows:
                    (A) The Office of Civil Rights and Liberties, 
                Ombudsman, and Traveler Engagement of the TSA.
                    (B) The Office of Civil Rights and Liberties of the 
                Department.
                    (C) The Office of Chief Counsel of the TSA.
                    (D) The Office of General Counsel of the 
                Department.
                    (E) The Privacy Office of the Administration.
                    (F) The Privacy Office of the Department.
                    (G) The Federal Air Marshal Service.
                    (H) The Traveler Redress Inquiry Program of the 
                Department.
    (d) Federal Air Marshal Service Coordination.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator shall ensure that the 
        rules identified in subsection (c) are taken into account for 
        Federal Air Marshal mission scheduling.
            (2) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the 
        appropriate committees of Congress a report on whether, and if 
        so how, the rules identified in subsection (c) are incorporated 
        in the risk analysis conducted during the Federal Air Marshal 
        mission scheduling process.
    (e) GAO Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall--
            (1) study the rules identified under subsection (c)(1), 
        including--
                    (A) whether the rules are effective in mitigating 
                potential threats to aviation security; and
                    (B) whether, and if so how, the TSA coordinates 
                with the Department regarding any proposed change to a 
                rule; and
            (2) submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
        report on the findings under paragraph (1), including any 
        recommendations.

SEC. 1950. IMPROVEMENTS FOR SCREENING OF PASSENGERS WITH DISABILITIES.

    (a) Revised Training.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator, in consultation with 
        nationally-recognized veterans and disability organizations, 
        shall revise the training requirements for Transportation 
        Security Officers related to the screening of passengers with 
        disabilities, including passengers with disabilities who 
        participate in the PreCheck program.
            (2) Training specifications.--In revising the training 
        requirements under paragraph (1), the Administrator shall 
        address the proper screening, and any particular sensitivities 
        related to the screening, of a passenger with a disability--
                    (A) traveling with a medical device, including an 
                indwelling medical device;
                    (B) traveling with a prosthetic;
                    (C) traveling with a wheelchair, walker, scooter, 
                or other mobility device;
                    (D) traveling with a service animal; or
                    (E) with sensitivities to touch, pressure, sound, 
                or hypersensitivity to stimuli in the environment.
            (3) Training frequency.--The Administrator shall implement 
        the revised training under paragraph (1) during initial and 
        recurrent training of all Transportation Security Officers.
    (b) Best Practices.--The individual at the TSA responsible for 
civil rights, liberties, and traveler engagement shall--
            (1) record each complaint from a passenger with a 
        disability regarding the screening practice of the TSA;
            (2) identify the most frequent concerns raised, or 
        accommodations requested, in the complaints;
            (3) determine the best practices for addressing the 
        concerns and requests identified in paragraph (2); and
            (4) recommend appropriate training based on such best 
        practices.
    (c) Signage.--At each category X airport, the TSA shall place 
signage at each security checkpoint that--
            (1) specifies how to contact the appropriate TSA employee 
        at the airport designated to address complaints of screening 
        mistreatment based on disability; and
            (2) describes how to receive assistance from that 
        individual or other qualified personnel at the security 
        screening checkpoint.
    (d) Reports to Congress.--Not later than September 30 of the first 
full fiscal year after the date of enactment of this Act, and each 
fiscal year thereafter, the Administrator shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress a report on the checkpoint 
experiences of passengers with disabilities, including the following:
            (1) The number and most frequent types of disability-
        related complaints received.
            (2) The best practices recommended under subsection (b) to 
        address the top areas of concern.
            (3) The estimated wait times for assist requests for 
        passengers with disabilities, including disabled passengers who 
        participate in the PreCheck program.

SEC. 1951. AIR CARGO ADVANCE SCREENING PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--The Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border 
Protection and the Administrator, consistent with the requirements of 
the Trade Act of 2002 (Public Law 107-210) shall--
            (1) establish an air cargo advance screening program 
        (referred to in this section as the ``ACAS Program'') for the 
        collection of advance electronic information from air carriers 
        and other persons within the supply chain regarding cargo being 
        transported to the United States by air;
            (2) under such program, require that such information be 
        transmitted by such air carriers and other persons at the 
        earliest point practicable prior to loading of such cargo onto 
        an aircraft destined to or transiting through the United 
        States;
            (3) establish appropriate communications systems with 
        freight forwarders, shippers, and air carriers;
            (4) establish a system that will allow freight forwarders, 
        shippers, and air carriers to provide shipment level data for 
        air cargo, departing from any location that is inbound to the 
        United States; and
            (5) identify opportunities in which the information 
        furnished in compliance with the ACAS Program could be used by 
        the Administrator.
    (b) Inspection of High-risk Cargo.--Under the ACAS Program, the 
Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection and the 
Administrator shall ensure that all cargo that has been identified as 
high-risk is inspected--
            (1) prior to the loading of such cargo onto aircraft at the 
        last point of departure; or
            (2) at an earlier point in the supply chain, before 
        departing for the United States.
    (c) Consultation.--In carrying out the ACAS Program, the 
Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection and the 
Administrator shall consult with relevant stakeholders, as appropriate, 
to ensure that an operationally feasible and practical approach to--
            (1) the collection of advance information with respect to 
        cargo on aircraft departing for the United States is applied; 
        and
            (2) the inspection of high-risk cargo recognizes the 
        significant differences among air cargo business models and 
        modes of transportation.
    (d) Analysis.--The Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border 
Protection and the Administrator may analyze the information described 
in subsection (a) in the Department of Homeland Security's automated 
targeting system and integrate such information with other intelligence 
to enhance the accuracy of the risk assessment process under the ACAS 
Program.
    (e) No Duplication.--The Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border 
Protection and the Administrator shall carry out this section in a 
manner that, after the ACAS Program is fully in effect, ensures, to the 
greatest extent practicable, that the ACAS Program does not duplicate 
other Department programs or requirements relating to the submission of 
air cargo data or the inspection of high-risk cargo.
    (f) Consideration of Industry.--In carrying out the ACAS Program, 
the Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection and the 
Administrator shall--
            (1) consider the content and timeliness of the available 
        data may vary among entities in the air cargo industry and 
        among countries;
            (2) explore procedures to accommodate the variations 
        described in paragraph (1) while maximizing the contribution of 
        such data to the risk assessment process under the ACAS 
        Program;
            (3) test the business processes, technologies, and 
        operational procedures required to provide advance information 
        with respect to cargo on aircraft departing for the United 
        States and carry out related inspection of high-risk cargo, 
        while ensuring delays and other negative impacts on vital 
        supply chains are minimized; and
            (4) consider the cost, benefit, and feasibility before 
        establishing any set time period for submission of certain 
        elements of the data for air cargo under this section in line 
        with the regulatory guidelines specified in Executive Order 
        13563 or any successor Executive order or regulation.
    (g) Guidance.--The Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border 
Protection and the Administrator shall provide guidance for 
participants in the ACAS Program regarding the requirements for 
participation, including requirements for transmitting shipment level 
data.
    (h) Use of Data.--The Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border 
Protection and the Administrator shall use the data provided under the 
ACAS Program for targeting shipments for screening and aviation 
security purposes only.
    (i) Final Rule.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border 
Protection, in coordination with the Administrator, shall issue a final 
regulation to implement the ACAS Program to include the electronic 
transmission to U.S. Customs and Border Protection of data elements for 
targeting cargo, including appropriate security elements of shipment 
level data.
    (j) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the 
commencement of the ACAS Program, the Commissioner of U.S. Customs and 
Border Protection and the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a report detailing the operational 
implementation of providing advance information under the ACAS Program 
and the value of such information in targeting cargo.

SEC. 1952. GENERAL AVIATION AIRPORTS.

    (a) Short Title.--This section may be cited as the ``Securing 
General Aviation and Charter Air Carrier Service Act''.
    (b) Advanced Passenger Prescreening System.--Not later than 120 
days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall 
submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the status 
of the deployment of the advanced passenger prescreening system, and 
access thereto for certain aircraft charter operators, as required by 
section 44903(j)(2)(E) of title 49, United States Code, including--
            (1) the reasons for the delay in deploying the system; and
            (2) a detailed schedule of actions necessary for the 
        deployment of the system.
    (c) Screening Services Other Than in Primary Passenger Terminals.--
            (1) In general.--Subject to the provisions of this 
        subsection, the Administrator may provide screening services to 
        a charter air carrier in an area other than the primary 
        passenger terminal of an applicable airport.
            (2) Requests.--A request for screening services under 
        paragraph (1) shall be made at such time, in such form, and in 
        such manner as the Administrator may require, except that the 
        request shall be made to the Federal Security Director for the 
        applicable airport at which the screening services are 
        requested.
            (3) Availability.--A Federal Security Director may provide 
        requested screening services under this section if the Federal 
        Security Director determines such screening services are 
        available.
            (4) Agreements.--
                    (A) Limitation.--No screening services may be 
                provided under this section unless a charter air 
                carrier agrees in writing to compensate the TSA for all 
                reasonable costs, including overtime, of providing the 
                screening services.
                    (B) Payments.--Notwithstanding section 3302 of 
                title 31, United States Code, payment received under 
                subparagraph (A) shall be credited to the account that 
                was used to cover the cost of providing the screening 
                services. Amounts so credited shall be merged with 
                amounts in that account, and shall be available for the 
                same purposes, and subject to the same conditions and 
                limitations, as other amounts in that account.
            (5) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                    (A) Applicable airport.--The term ``applicable 
                airport'' means an airport that--
                            (i) is not a commercial service airport; 
                        and
                            (ii) is receiving screening services for 
                        scheduled passenger aircraft.
                    (B) Charter air carrier.--The term ``charter air 
                carrier'' has the meaning given the term in section 
                40102 of title 49, United States Code.
                    (C) Screening services.--The term ``screening 
                services'' means the screening of passengers and 
                property similar to the screening of passengers and 
                property described in section 44901 of title 49, United 
                States Code.
    (d) Report.--Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator, in consultation with the ASAC, shall, 
consistent with the requirements of paragraphs (6) and (7) of section 
44946(b) of title 49, United States Code, submit to the appropriate 
Committees of Congress an implementation plan, including an 
implementation schedule, for any of the following recommendations that 
were adopted by the ASAC and with which the Administrator has concurred 
before the date of the enactment of this Act:
            (1) The recommendation regarding general aviation access to 
        Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport, as adopted on 
        February 17, 2015.
            (2) The recommendation regarding the vetting of persons 
        seeking flight training in the United States, as adopted on 
        July 28, 2016.
            (3) Any other such recommendations relevant to the security 
        of general aviation adopted before the date of the enactment of 
        this Act.
    (e) Designated Staffing.--The Administrator may designate 1 or more 
full-time employees of the TSA to liaise with, and respond to issues 
raised by, general aviation stakeholders.
    (f) Security Enhancements.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator, in consultation with the 
ASAC, shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report 
on the feasibility of requiring a security threat assessment before an 
individual could obtain training from a private flight school to 
operate an aircraft having a maximum certificated takeoff weight of 
more than 12,500 pounds.

                  Subtitle E--Foreign Airport Security

SEC. 1953. LAST POINT OF DEPARTURE AIRPORTS; SECURITY DIRECTIVES.

    (a) Notice and Consultation.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator shall, to the maximum 
        extent practicable, consult and notify the following 
        stakeholders prior to making changes to security standards via 
        security directives and emergency amendments for last points of 
        departure:
                    (A) Trade association representatives, for affected 
                air carriers and airports, who hold the appropriate 
                security clearances.
                    (B) The head of each relevant Federal department or 
                agency, including the Administrator of the Federal 
                Aviation Administration.
            (2) Transmittal to congress.--Not later than 3 days after 
        the date that the Administrator issues a security directive or 
        emergency amendment for a last point of departure, the 
        Administrator shall transmit to the appropriate committees of 
        Congress a description of the extent to which the Administrator 
        consulted and notified the stakeholders under paragraph (1).
    (b) GAO Report.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United 
        States shall review the effectiveness of the TSA process to 
        update, consolidate, or revoke security directives, emergency 
        amendments, and other policies related to international 
        aviation security at last point of departure airports and 
        submit to the appropriate committees of Congress and the 
        Administrator a report on the findings and recommendations.
            (2) Contents.--In conducting the review under paragraph 
        (1), the Comptroller General shall--
                    (A) review current security directives, emergency 
                amendments, and any other policies related to 
                international aviation security at last point of 
                departure airports;
                    (B) review the extent of intra-agency and 
                interagency coordination, stakeholder outreach, 
                coordination, and feedback; and
                    (C) review TSA's process and criteria for, and 
                implementation of, updating or revoking the policies 
                described in subparagraph (A).
    (c) Rescreening.--Subject to section 44901(d)(4)(c) of title 49, 
United States Code, upon discovery of specific threat intelligence, the 
Administrator shall immediately direct TSA personnel to rescreen 
passengers and baggage arriving from an airport outside the United 
States and identify enhanced measures that should be implemented at 
that airport.
    (d) Notification to Congress.--Not later than 1 day after the date 
that the Administrator determines that a foreign air carrier is in 
violation of part 1546 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, or any 
other applicable security requirement, the Administrator shall notify 
the appropriate committees of Congress.
    (e) Decisions Not Subject to Judicial Review.--Notwithstanding any 
other provision of law, any decision of the Administrator under 
subsection (a)(1) relating to consultation or notification shall not be 
subject to judicial review.

SEC. 1954. LAST POINT OF DEPARTURE AIRPORT ASSESSMENT.

    Section 44907(a)(2)(B) is amended by inserting ``, including the 
screening and vetting of airport workers'' before the semicolon.

SEC. 1955. TRACKING SECURITY SCREENING EQUIPMENT FROM LAST POINT OF 
              DEPARTURE AIRPORTS.

    (a) Donation of Screening Equipment To Protect the United States.--
Chapter 449 is amended--
            (1) in subchapter I, by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 44929. Donation of screening equipment to protect the United 
              States
    ``(a) In General.--Subject to subsection (b), the Administrator is 
authorized to donate security screening equipment to a foreign last 
point of departure airport operator if such equipment can be reasonably 
expected to mitigate a specific vulnerability to the security of the 
United States or United States citizens.
    ``(b) Conditions.--Before donating any security screening equipment 
to a foreign last point of departure airport operator the Administrator 
shall--
            ``(1) ensure that the screening equipment has been restored 
        to commercially available settings;
            ``(2) ensure that no TSA-specific security standards or 
        algorithms exist on the screening equipment; and
            ``(3) verify that the appropriate officials have an 
        adequate system--
                    ``(A) to properly maintain and operate the 
                screening equipment; and
                    ``(B) to document and track any removal or disposal 
                of the screening equipment to ensure the screening 
                equipment does not come into the possession of 
                terrorists or otherwise pose a risk to security.
    ``(c) Reports.--Not later than 30 days before any donation of 
security screening equipment under subsection (a), the Administrator 
shall provide to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation 
and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the 
Senate and the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of 
Representatives a detailed written explanation of the following:
            ``(1) The specific vulnerability to the United States or 
        United States citizens that will be mitigated by such donation.
            ``(2) An explanation as to why the recipient of such 
        donation is unable or unwilling to purchase security screening 
        equipment to mitigate such vulnerability.
            ``(3) An evacuation plan for sensitive technologies in case 
        of emergency or instability in the country to which such 
        donation is being made.
            ``(4) How the Administrator will ensure the security 
        screening equipment that is being donated is used and 
        maintained over the course of its life by the recipient.
            ``(5) The total dollar value of such donation.
            ``(6) How the appropriate officials will document and track 
        any removal or disposal of the screening equipment by the 
        recipient to ensure the screening equipment does not come into 
        the possession of terrorists or otherwise pose a risk to 
        security.''; and
            (2) in the table of contents, by inserting after the item 
        relating to section 44928 the following:

``44929. Donation of screening equipment to protect the United 
                            States.''.
    (b) Technical and Conforming Amendments.--Section 3204 of the 
Aviation Security Act of 2016 (49 U.S.C. 44901 note) and the item 
relating to that section in the table of contents of that Act are 
repealed.
    (c) Raising International Standards.--Not later than 90 days after 
the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall collaborate 
with other aviation authorities and the United States Ambassador or the 
Charge d'Affaires to the United States Mission to the International 
Civil Aviation Organization, as applicable, to advance a global 
standard for each international airport to document and track the 
removal and disposal of any security screening equipment to ensure the 
screening equipment does not come into the possession of terrorists or 
otherwise pose a risk to security.

SEC. 1956. INTERNATIONAL SECURITY STANDARDS.

    (a) Global Aviation Security Review.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator, in coordination with 
        the Commissioner of the U.S. Customs and Border Protection, the 
        Director of the Office of International Engagement of the 
        Department of Homeland Security, and the Secretary of State, 
        shall conduct a global aviation security review to improve 
        aviation security standards, including standards intended to 
        mitigate cybersecurity threats, across the global aviation 
        system.
            (2) Best practices.--The global aviation security review 
        shall establish best practices regarding the following:
                    (A) Collaborating with foreign partners to improve 
                global aviation security capabilities and standards.
                    (B) Identifying foreign partners that--
                            (i) have not successfully implemented 
                        security protocols from the International Civil 
                        Aviation Organization or the Department of 
                        Homeland Security; and
                            (ii) have not taken steps to implement such 
                        security protocols;
                    (C) Improving the development, outreach, and 
                implementation process for security directives or 
                emergency amendments issued to domestic and foreign air 
                carriers.
                    (D) Assessing the cybersecurity risk of security 
                screening equipment.
    (b) Notification.--Not later than 90 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator, in consultation with the 
United States Ambassador to the International Civil Aviation 
Organization, shall notify the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Transportation and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate, 
and the Committee on Homeland Security and the Committee on Foreign 
Affairs of the House of Representatives of the progress of the review 
under subsection (a) and any proposed international improvements to 
aviation security.
    (c) ICAO.--Subject to subsection (a), the Administrator and 
Ambassador shall take such action at the International Civil Aviation 
Organization as the Administrator and Ambassador consider necessary to 
advance aviation security improvement proposals, including if 
practicable, introducing a resolution to raise minimum standards for 
aviation security.
    (d) Briefings to Congress.--Beginning not later than 180 days after 
the date of enactment of this Act, and periodically thereafter, the 
Administrator, in consultation with the Ambassador with respect to 
subsection (c), shall brief the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Transportation and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate, 
and the Committee on Homeland Security and the Committee on Foreign 
Affairs of the House of Representatives on the implementation of 
subsections (a) and (b).

SEC. 1957. AVIATION SECURITY IN CUBA.

    (a) Security of Public Charter Operations.--The Administrator of 
the Transportation Security Administration, in coordination with the 
Secretary of Transportation and the Administrator of the Federal 
Aviation Administration, shall--
            (1) direct all public charters operating flights between 
        the United States and Cuba to provide updated flight schedules 
        to, and maintain such schedules with, the Transportation 
        Security Administration; and
            (2) develop and implement a mechanism that corroborates and 
        validates flight schedule data to more reliably track the 
        public charter operations of air carriers between the United 
        States and Cuba.
    (b) Briefing on Security at Airports in Cuba.--The Administrator 
shall provide to Congress (including the Committee on Homeland Security 
of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, 
and Transportation of the Senate) a confidential briefing on the 
following aspects of security measures at airports in Cuba that have 
air service to the United States:
            (1) Details about the type of equipment used at screening 
        checkpoints and an analysis of the capabilities and weaknesses 
        of that equipment.
            (2) Information about each such airport's canine screening 
        program, if used.
            (3) The frequency of training for screening and security 
        personnel.
            (4) Access controls in place to ensure only credentialed 
        personnel have access to the secure and sterile areas of such 
        airports.
            (5) An assessment of the ability of known or suspected 
        terrorists to use Cuba as a gateway to entering the United 
        States.
            (6) Security of such airports' perimeters.
            (7) The vetting practices and procedures for airport 
        employees.
            (8) Any other information the Administrator considers 
        relevant to the security practices, procedures, and equipment 
        in place at such airports.

SEC. 1958. REPORT ON AIRPORTS USED BY MAHAN AIR.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 120 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter through 2021, the 
Secretary of Homeland Security, in consultation with the Secretary of 
Transportation, the Secretary of State, the Secretary of the Treasury, 
and the Director of National Intelligence, shall submit to Congress a 
report that includes--
            (1) a list of all airports at which aircraft owned or 
        controlled by Mahan Air have landed during the 2 years 
        preceding the submission of the report; and
            (2) for each such airport--
                    (A) an assessment of whether aircraft owned or 
                controlled by Mahan Air continue to conduct operations 
                at that airport;
                    (B) an assessment of whether any of the landings of 
                aircraft owned or controlled by Mahan Air were 
                necessitated by an emergency situation;
                    (C) a determination regarding whether additional 
                security measures should be imposed on flights to the 
                United States that originate from that airport; and
                    (D) an explanation of the rationale for that 
                determination.
    (b) Form of Report.--Each report required by subsection (a) shall 
be submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.
    (c) Publication of List.--The list required by subsection (a)(1) 
shall be publicly and prominently posted on the website of the 
Department of Homeland Security on the date on which the report 
required by subsection (a) is submitted to Congress.

                 Subtitle F--Cockpit and Cabin Security

SEC. 1959. FEDERAL AIR MARSHAL SERVICE UPDATES.

    (a) Standardization.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 60 days after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall develop a 
        standard written agreement that shall be the basis of all 
        negotiations and agreements that begin after the date of 
        enactment of this Act between the United States and foreign 
        governments or partners regarding the presence of Federal air 
        marshals on flights to and from the United States, including 
        deployment, technical assistance, and information sharing.
            (2) Written agreements.--Except as provided in paragraph 
        (3), not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of 
        this Act, all agreements between the United States and foreign 
        governments or partners regarding the presence of Federal air 
        marshals on flights to and from the United States shall be in 
        writing and signed by the Administrator or other authorized 
        United States Government representative.
            (3) Exception.--The Administrator may schedule Federal air 
        marshal service on flights operating to a foreign country with 
        which no written agreement is in effect if the Administrator 
        determines that--
                    (A) such mission is necessary for aviation 
                security; and
                    (B) the requirements of paragraph (4)(B) are met.
            (4) Notification to congress.--
                    (A) Written agreements.--Not later than 30 days 
                after the date that the Administrator enters into a 
                written agreement under this section, the Administrator 
                shall transmit to the appropriate committees of 
                Congress a copy of the agreement.
                    (B) No written agreements.--The Administrator shall 
                submit to the appropriate committees of Congress--
                            (i) not later than 30 days after the date 
                        of enactment of this Act, a list of each 
                        foreign government or partner that does not 
                        have a written agreement under this section, 
                        including an explanation for why no written 
                        agreement exists and a justification for the 
                        determination that such a mission is necessary 
                        for aviation security; and
                            (ii) not later than 30 days after the date 
                        that the Administrator makes a determination to 
                        schedule Federal air marshal service on flights 
                        operating to a foreign country with which no 
                        written agreement is in effect under paragraph 
                        (3), the name of the applicable foreign 
                        government or partner, an explanation for why 
                        no written agreement exists, and a 
                        justification for the determination that such 
                        mission is necessary for aviation security.
    (b) Mission Scheduling Automation.--The Administrator shall 
endeavor to acquire automated capabilities or technologies for 
scheduling Federal air marshal service missions based on current risk 
modeling.
    (c) Improving Federal Air Marshal Service Deployments.--
            (1) After-action reports.--The Administrator shall 
        strengthen internal controls to ensure that all after-action 
        reports on Federal air marshal service special mission coverage 
        provided to stakeholders include documentation of supervisory 
        review and approval, and mandatory narratives.
            (2) Study.--The Administrator shall contract with an 
        independent entity to conduct a validation and verification 
        study of the risk analysis and risk-based determinations 
        guiding Federal air marshal service deployment, including the 
        use of risk-based strategies under subsection (d).
            (3) Cost-benefit analysis.--The Administrator shall conduct 
        a cost-benefit analysis regarding mitigation of aviation 
        security threats through Federal air marshal service 
        deployment.
            (4) Performance measures.--The Administrator shall improve 
        existing performance measures to better determine the 
        effectiveness of in-flight operations in addressing the highest 
        risks to aviation transportation based on current intelligence.
            (5) Long distance flights.--Section 44917 is amended--
                    (A) by striking subsection (b); and
                    (B) by redesignating subsections (c) through (d) as 
                subsections (b) through (c), respectively.
    (d) Use of Risk-based Strategies.--
            (1) In general.--Section 44917(a) is amended--
                    (A) in paragraph (7), by striking ``and'' after the 
                semicolon at the end;
                    (B) in paragraph (8), by striking the period at the 
                end and inserting a semicolon; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(9) shall require the Federal Air Marshal Service to 
        utilize a risk-based strategy when allocating resources between 
        international and domestic flight coverage, including when 
        initially setting its annual target numbers of average daily 
        international and domestic flights to cover;
            ``(10) shall require the Federal Air Marshal Service to 
        utilize a risk-based strategy to support domestic allocation 
        decisions;
            ``(11) shall require the Federal Air Marshal Service to 
        utilize a risk-based strategy to support international 
        allocation decisions; and
            ``(12) shall ensure that the seating arrangements of 
        Federal air marshals on aircraft are determined in a manner 
        that is risk-based and most capable of responding to current 
        threats to aviation security.''.
            (2) Briefing.--Not later than 270 days after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall brief the 
        appropriate committees of Congress on the Federal Air Marshal 
        Service's compliance with the requirements under paragraphs (9) 
        through (12) of section 44917(a) of title 49, United States 
        Code, as added by this Act, and the documented methodology used 
        by the Federal Air Marshal Service to conduct risk assessments 
        in accordance with such paragraphs.
            (3) Implementation deadline.--Not later than 180 days after 
        the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall 
        begin implementing the requirements under paragraphs (9) 
        through (12) of section 44917(a), United States Code, as added 
        by this Act.

SEC. 1960. CREW MEMBER SELF-DEFENSE TRAINING.

    The Administrator, in consultation with the Administrator of the 
Federal Aviation Administration, shall continue to carry out and 
encourage increased participation by air carrier employees in the 
voluntary self-defense training program under section 44918(b) of title 
49, United States Code.

SEC. 1961. FLIGHT DECK SAFETY AND SECURITY.

    (a) Threat Assessment.--Not later than 90 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator, in consultation with the 
Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration, shall complete a 
detailed threat assessment to identify any safety or security risks 
associated with unauthorized access to the flight decks on commercial 
aircraft and any appropriate measures that should be taken based on the 
risks.
    (b) RTCA Report.--The Administrator, in coordination with the 
Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration, shall disseminate 
RTCA Document (DO-329) Aircraft Secondary Barriers and Alternative 
Flight Deck Security Procedure to aviation stakeholders, including air 
carriers and flight crew, to convey effective methods and best 
practices to protect the flight deck.

SEC. 1962. CARRIAGE OF WEAPONS, EXPLOSIVES, AND INCENDIARIES BY 
              INDIVIDUALS.

    (a) Interpretive Rule.--Subject to subsections (b) and (c), the 
Administrator shall periodically review and amend, as necessary, the 
interpretive rule (68 Fed. Reg. 7444) that provides guidance to the 
public on the types of property considered to be weapons, explosives, 
and incendiaries prohibited under section 1540.111 of title 49, Code of 
Federal Regulations.
    (b) Considerations.--Before determining whether to amend the 
interpretive rule to include or remove an item from the prohibited 
list, the Administrator shall--
            (1) research and evaluate--
                    (A) the impact, if any, the amendment would have on 
                security risks;
                    (B) the impact, if any, the amendment would have on 
                screening operations, including effectiveness and 
                efficiency; and
                    (C) whether the amendment is consistent with 
                international standards and guidance, including of the 
                International Civil Aviation Organization; and
            (2) consult with appropriate aviation security 
        stakeholders, including ASAC.
    (c) Exceptions.--Except for plastic or round bladed butter knives, 
the Administrator may not amend the interpretive rule described in 
subsection (a) to authorize any knife to be permitted in an airport 
sterile area or in the cabin of an aircraft.
    (d) Notification.--The Administrator shall--
            (1) publish in the Federal Register any amendment to the 
        interpretive rule described in subsection (a); and
            (2) notify the appropriate committees of Congress of the 
        amendment not later than 3 days before publication under 
        paragraph (1).

SEC. 1963. FEDERAL FLIGHT DECK OFFICER PROGRAM IMPROVEMENTS.

    (a) Improved Access to Training Facilities.--Section 
44921(c)(2)(C)(ii) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``The training of'' and inserting the 
        following:
                                    ``(I) In general.--The training 
                                of'';
            (2) in subclause (I), as designated, by striking ``approved 
        by the Under Secretary''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
                                    ``(II) Access to training 
                                facilities.--The Administrator shall 
                                designate additional firearms training 
                                facilities located in various regions 
                                of the United States for Federal flight 
                                deck officers for recurrent and 
                                requalifying training relative to the 
                                number of such facilities available on 
                                the day before such date of 
                                enactment.''.
    (b) Firearms Requalification.--Section 44921(c)(2)(C) is amended--
            (1) in clause (iii)--
                    (A) by striking ``The Under Secretary shall'' and 
                inserting the following:
                                    ``(I) In general.--The 
                                Administrator shall'';
                    (B) in subclause (I), as designated by subparagraph 
                (A), by striking ``the Under Secretary'' and inserting 
                ``the Administrator''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                                    ``(II) Use of facilities for 
                                requalification.--The Administrator 
                                shall allow a Federal flight deck 
                                officer to requalify to carry a firearm 
                                under the program through training at a 
                                Transportation Security Administration-
                                approved firearms training facility 
                                utilizing a Transportation Security 
                                Administration-approved contractor and 
                                a curriculum developed and approved by 
                                the Transportation Security 
                                Administration.''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(iv) Periodic review.--The Administrator 
                        shall periodically review requalification 
                        training intervals and assess whether it is 
                        appropriate and sufficient to adjust the time 
                        between each requalification training to 
                        facilitate continued participation in the 
                        program under this section while still 
                        maintaining effectiveness of the training, and 
                        update the training requirements as 
                        appropriate.''.
    (c) Training Review.--Section 44921(c)(2) is amended by adding at 
the end the following:
                    ``(D) Training review.--Not later than 2 years 
                after the date of enactment of the TSA Modernization 
                Act, and biennially thereafter, the Administrator shall 
                review training facilities and training requirements 
                for initial and recurrent training for Federal flight 
                deck officers and evaluate how training requirements, 
                including the length of training, could be streamlined 
                while maintaining the effectiveness of the training, 
                and update the training requirements as appropriate.''.
    (d) Other Measures to Facilitate Training.--Section 44921(e) is 
amended--
            (1) by striking ``Pilots participating'' and inserting the 
        following:
            ``(1) In general.--Pilots participating''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) Facilitation of training.--An air carrier shall 
        permit a pilot seeking to be deputized as a Federal flight deck 
        officer or a Federal flight deck officer to take a reasonable 
        amount of leave to participate in initial, recurrent, or 
        requalification training, as applicable, for the program. Leave 
        required under this paragraph may be provided without 
        compensation.''.
    (e) International Harmonization.--Section 44921(f) is amended--
            (1) in paragraphs (1) and (3), by striking ``Under 
        Secretary'' and inserting ``Administrator''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) Consistency with federal air marshal program.--The 
        Administrator shall harmonize, to the extent practicable and in 
        a manner that does not jeopardize existing Federal air marshal 
        agreements, the policies relating to the carriage of firearms 
        on international flights by Federal flight deck officers with 
        the policies of the Federal air marshal program for carrying 
        firearms on such flights and carrying out the duties of a 
        Federal flight deck officer, notwithstanding Annex 17 of the 
        International Civil Aviation Organization.''.
    (f) Physical Standards.--Section 44921(d)(2) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C) as 
        clauses (i), (ii), and (iii), respectively;
            (2) in clause (ii), as redesignated, by striking ``Under 
        Secretary's'' and inserting ``Administrator's'';
            (3) by striking ``A pilot is'' and inserting the following:
                    ``(A) In general.--A pilot is''; and
            (4) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(B) Consistency with requirements for certain 
                medical certificates.--In establishing standards under 
                subparagraph (A)(ii), the Administrator may not 
                establish medical or physical standards for a pilot to 
                become a Federal flight deck officer that are 
                inconsistent with or more stringent than the 
                requirements of the Federal Aviation Administration for 
                the issuance of the required airman medical certificate 
                under part 67 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations 
                (or any corresponding similar regulation or ruling).''.
    (g) Transfer of Status.--Section 44921(d) is amended by adding at 
the end the following:
            ``(5) Transfer from inactive to active status.--In 
        accordance with any applicable Transportation Security 
        Administration appeals processes, a pilot deputized as a 
        Federal flight deck officer who moves to inactive status may 
        return to active status upon successful completion of a 
        recurrent training program administered within program 
        guidelines.''.
    (h) Technical Corrections.--Section 44921, as amended by this 
section, is further amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``Under Secretary of 
        Transportation for Security'' and inserting ``Administrator'';
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``Not later than 
                3 months after the date of enactment of this section, 
                the Under Secretary'' and inserting ``The 
                Administrator'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``Beginning 3 
                months after the date of enactment of this section, the 
                Under Secretary shall begin the process of training and 
                deputizing'' and inserting ``The Administrator shall 
                train and deputize''; and
                    (C) in paragraph (3)(N), by striking ``Under 
                Secretary's'' and inserting ``Administrator's'';
            (3) in subsection (d)(4)--
                    (A) by striking ``may,'' and inserting ``may''; and
                    (B) by striking ``Under Secretary's'' and inserting 
                ``Administrator's'';
            (4) in subsection (i)(2), by striking ``the Under Secretary 
        may'' and inserting ``may'';
            (5) in subsection (k)--
                    (A) by striking paragraphs (2) and (3); and
                    (B) by striking ``Applicability.--'' and all that 
                follows through ``This section'' and inserting 
                ``Applicability.--This section'';
            (6) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(l) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Administrator.--The term `Administrator' means the 
        Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration.
            ``(2) Air transportation.--The term `air transportation' 
        includes all-cargo air transportation.
            ``(3) Firearms training facility.--The term `firearms 
        training facility' means a private or government-owned gun 
        range approved by the Administrator to provide recurrent or 
        requalification training, as applicable, for the program, 
        utilizing a Transportation Security Administration-approved 
        contractor and a curriculum developed and approved by the 
        Transportation Security Administration.
            ``(4) Pilot.--The term `pilot' means an individual who has 
        final authority and responsibility for the operation and safety 
        of the flight or any other flight deck crew member.''; and
            (7) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears 
        and inserting ``Administrator''.
    (i) Sensitive Security Information.--Not later than 180 days after 
the date of enactment of this Act--
            (1) the Secretary of Transportation shall revise section 
        15.5(b)(11) of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, to 
        classify information about pilots deputized as Federal flight 
        deck officers under section 44921 of title 49, United States 
        Code, as sensitive security information in a manner consistent 
        with the classification of information about Federal air 
        marshals; and
            (2) the Administrator shall revise section 1520.5(b)(11) of 
        title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, to classify information 
        about pilots deputized as Federal flight deck officers under 
        section 44921 of title 49, United States Code, as sensitive 
        security information in a manner consistent with the 
        classification of information about Federal air marshals.
    (j) Regulations.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall prescribe such 
regulations as may be necessary to carry out this section and the 
amendments made by this section.

              Subtitle G--Surface Transportation Security

SEC. 1964. SURFACE TRANSPORTATION SECURITY ASSESSMENT AND 
              IMPLEMENTATION OF RISK-BASED STRATEGY.

    (a) Security Assessment.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall complete an 
        assessment of the vulnerabilities of and risks to surface 
        transportation systems.
            (2) Considerations.--In conducting the security assessment 
        under paragraph (1), the Administrator shall, at a minimum--
                    (A) consider appropriate intelligence;
                    (B) consider security breaches and attacks at 
                domestic and international surface transportation 
                facilities;
                    (C) consider the vulnerabilities and risks 
                associated with specific modes of surface 
                transportation;
                    (D) evaluate the vetting and security training of--
                            (i) employees in surface transportation; 
                        and
                            (ii) other individuals with access to 
                        sensitive or secure areas of surface 
                        transportation networks; and
                    (E) consider input from--
                            (i) representatives of different modes of 
                        surface transportation;
                            (ii) representatives of critical 
                        infrastructure entities;
                            (iii) the Transportation Systems Sector 
                        Coordinating Council; and
                            (iv) the heads of other relevant Federal 
                        departments or agencies.
    (b) Risk-based Surface Transportation Security Strategy.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date the 
        security assessment under subsection (a) is complete, the 
        Administrator shall use the results of the assessment--
                    (A) to develop and implement a cross-cutting, risk-
                based surface transportation security strategy that 
                includes--
                            (i) all surface transportation modes;
                            (ii) a mitigating strategy that aligns with 
                        each vulnerability and risk identified in 
                        subsection (a);
                            (iii) a planning process to inform resource 
                        allocation;
                            (iv) priorities, milestones, and 
                        performance metrics to measure the 
                        effectiveness of the risk-based surface 
                        transportation security strategy; and
                            (v) processes for sharing relevant and 
                        timely intelligence threat information with 
                        appropriate stakeholders;
                    (B) to develop a management oversight strategy 
                that--
                            (i) identifies the parties responsible for 
                        the implementation, management, and oversight 
                        of the risk-based surface transportation 
                        security strategy; and
                            (ii) includes a plan for implementing the 
                        risk-based surface transportation security 
                        strategy; and
                    (C) to modify the risk-based budget and resource 
                allocations, in accordance with section 1965(c), for 
                the Transportation Security Administration.
            (2) Coordinated approach.--In developing and implementing 
        the risk-based surface transportation security strategy under 
        paragraph (1), the Administrator shall coordinate with the 
        heads of other relevant Federal departments or agencies, and 
        stakeholders, as appropriate--
                    (A) to evaluate existing surface transportation 
                security programs, policies, and initiatives, including 
                the explosives detection canine teams, for consistency 
                with the risk-based security strategy and, to the 
                extent practicable, avoid any unnecessary duplication 
                of effort;
                    (B) to determine the extent to which stakeholder 
                security programs, policies, and initiatives address 
                the vulnerabilities and risks to surface transportation 
                systems identified in subsection (a); and
                    (C) subject to subparagraph (B), to mitigate each 
                vulnerability and risk to surface transportation 
                systems identified in subsection (a).
    (c) Report.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date the 
        security assessment under subsection (a) is complete, the 
        Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of 
        Congress and the Inspector General of the Department a report 
        that--
                    (A) describes the process used to complete the 
                security assessment;
                    (B) describes the process used to develop the risk-
                based security strategy;
                    (C) describes the risk-based security strategy;
                    (D) includes the management oversight strategy;
                    (E) includes--
                            (i) the findings of the security 
                        assessment;
                            (ii) a description of the actions 
                        recommended or taken by the Administrator to 
                        mitigate the vulnerabilities and risks 
                        identified in subsection (a), including 
                        interagency coordination;
                            (iii) any recommendations for improving the 
                        coordinated approach to mitigating 
                        vulnerabilities and risks to surface 
                        transportation systems; and
                            (iv) any recommended changes to the 
                        National Infrastructure Protection Plan, the 
                        modal annexes to such plan, or relevant surface 
                        transportation security programs, policies, or 
                        initiatives; and
                    (F) may contain a classified annex.
            (2) Protections.--In preparing the report, the 
        Administrator shall take appropriate actions to safeguard 
        information described by section 552(b) of title 5, United 
        States Code, or protected from disclosure by any other law of 
        the United States.
    (d) Updates.--Not less frequently than semiannually, the 
Administrator shall report to or brief the appropriate committees of 
Congress on the vulnerabilities of and risks to surface transportation 
systems and how those vulnerabilities and risks affect the risk-based 
security strategy.

SEC. 1965. RISK-BASED BUDGETING AND RESOURCE ALLOCATION.

    (a) Report.--In conjunction with the submission of the Department's 
annual budget request to the Office of Management and Budget, the 
Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
report that describes a risk-based budget and resource allocation plan 
for surface transportation sectors, within and across modes, that--
            (1) reflects the risk-based surface transportation security 
        strategy under section 1964(b); and
            (2) is organized by appropriations account, program, 
        project, and initiative.
    (b) Budget Transparency.--In submitting the annual budget of the 
United States Government under section 1105 of title 31, United States 
Code, the President shall clearly distinguish the resources requested 
for surface transportation security from the resources requested for 
aviation security.
    (c) Resource Reallocation.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 15 days after the date on 
        which the Transportation Security Administration allocates any 
        resources or personnel, including personnel sharing, detailing, 
        or assignment, or the use of facilities, technology systems, or 
        vetting resources, for a nontransportation security purpose or 
        National Special Security Event (as defined in section 2001 of 
        Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 601)), the Secretary 
        shall provide the notification described in paragraph (2) to 
        the appropriate committees of Congress.
            (2) Notification.--A notification described in this 
        paragraph shall include--
                    (A) the reason for and a justification of the 
                resource or personnel allocation;
                    (B) the expected end date of the resource or 
                personnel allocation; and
                    (C) the projected cost to the Transportation 
                Security Administration of the personnel or resource 
                allocation.
    (d) 5-year Capital Investment Plan.--Not later than 180 days after 
the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to 
the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate 
and the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives 
a 5-year capital investment plan, consistent with the 5-year technology 
investment plan under section 1611 of title XVI of the Homeland 
Security Act of 2002, as amended by section 3 of the Transportation 
Security Acquisition Reform Act (Public Law 113-245; 128 Stat. 2871).

SEC. 1966. SURFACE TRANSPORTATION SECURITY MANAGEMENT AND INTERAGENCY 
              COORDINATION REVIEW.

    Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Comptroller General of the United States shall--
            (1) review the staffing, budget, resource, and personnel 
        allocation, and management oversight strategy of the 
        Transportation Security Administration's surface transportation 
        security programs;
            (2) review the coordination between relevant entities of 
        leadership, planning, policy, inspections, and implementation 
        of security programs relating to surface transportation to 
        reduce redundancy and regulatory burden; and
            (3) submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
        report on the findings of the reviews under paragraphs (1) and 
        (2), including any recommendations for improving coordination 
        between relevant entities and reducing redundancy and 
        regulatory burden.

SEC. 1967. TRANSPARENCY.

    (a) Regulations.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, and every 180 days thereafter, the 
        Administrator shall publish on a public website information 
        regarding the status of each regulation relating to surface 
        transportation security that is directed by law to be issued 
        and that has not been issued if not less than 2 years have 
        passed since the date of enactment of the law.
            (2) Contents.--The information published under paragraph 
        (1) shall include--
                    (A) an updated rulemaking schedule for the 
                outstanding regulation;
                    (B) current staff allocations;
                    (C) data collection or research relating to the 
                development of the rulemaking;
                    (D) current efforts, if any, with security experts, 
                advisory committees, and other stakeholders; and
                    (E) other relevant details associated with the 
                development of the rulemaking that impact the progress 
                of the rulemaking.
    (b) Inspector General Review.--Not later than 180 days after the 
date of enactment of this Act, and every 2 years thereafter until all 
of the requirements under titles XIII, XIV, and XV of the Implementing 
Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007 (6 U.S.C. 1111 et 
seq.) and under this title have been fully implemented, the Inspector 
General of the Department shall submit to the appropriate committees of 
Congress a report that--
            (1) identifies the requirements under such titles of that 
        Act and under this title that have not been fully implemented;
            (2) describes what, if any, additional action is necessary; 
        and
            (3) includes recommendations regarding whether any of the 
        requirements under such titles of that Act or this title should 
        be amended or repealed.

SEC. 1968. TSA COUNTERTERRORISM ASSET DEPLOYMENT.

    (a) Counterterrorism Asset Deployment.--
            (1) In general.--If the Administrator deploys any 
        counterterrorism personnel or resource, such as explosive 
        detection sweeps, random bag inspections, or patrols by Visible 
        Intermodal Prevention and Response teams, to enhance security 
        at a transportation system or transportation facility for a 
        period of not less than 180 consecutive days, the Administrator 
        shall provide sufficient notification to the system or facility 
        operator, as applicable, not less than 14 days prior to 
        terminating the deployment.
            (2) Exception.--This subsection shall not apply if the 
        Administrator--
                    (A) determines there is an urgent security need for 
                the personnel or resource described in paragraph (1); 
                and
                    (B) notifies the appropriate committees of Congress 
                of the determination under subparagraph (A).
    (b) VIPR Teams.--Section 1303 of the Implementing Recommendations 
of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007 (6 U.S.C. 1112) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(4), by striking ``team,'' and 
        inserting ``team as to specific locations and times within the 
        facilities of such entities at which VIPR teams are to be 
        deployed to maximize the effectiveness of such deployment,''; 
        and
            (2) by striking subsection (b) and inserting the following:
    ``(b) Performance Measures.--Not later than 1 year after the date 
of enactment of the TSA Modernization Act, the Administrator shall 
develop and implement a system of qualitative performance measures and 
objectives by which to assess the roles, activities, and effectiveness 
of VIPR team operations on an ongoing basis, including a mechanism 
through which the transportation entities referred to in subsection 
(a)(4) may submit feedback on VIPR team operations involving their 
systems or facilities.
    ``(c) Plan.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment 
of the TSA Modernization Act, the Administrator shall develop and 
implement a plan for ensuring the interoperability of communications 
among VIPR team participants and between VIPR teams and any 
transportation entities with systems or facilities that are involved in 
VIPR team operations. Such plan shall include an analysis of the costs 
and resources required to carry out such plan.''.

SEC. 1969. SURFACE TRANSPORTATION SECURITY ADVISORY COMMITTEE.

    (a) In General.--Subtitle A of title IV of the Homeland Security 
Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 201 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:

``SEC. 404. SURFACE TRANSPORTATION SECURITY ADVISORY COMMITTEE.

    ``(a) Establishment.--The Administrator of the Transportation 
Security Administration (referred to in this section as 
`Administrator') shall establish within the Transportation Security 
Administration the Surface Transportation Security Advisory Committee 
(referred to in this section as the `Advisory Committee').
    ``(b) Duties.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Advisory Committee may advise, 
        consult with, report to, and make recommendations to the 
        Administrator on surface transportation security matters, 
        including the development, refinement, and implementation of 
        policies, programs, initiatives, rulemakings, and security 
        directives pertaining to surface transportation security.
            ``(2) Risk-based security.--The Advisory Committee shall 
        consider risk-based security approaches in the performance of 
        its duties.
    ``(c) Membership.--
            ``(1) Composition.--The Advisory Committee shall be 
        composed of--
                    ``(A) voting members appointed by the Administrator 
                under paragraph (2); and
                    ``(B) nonvoting members, serving in an advisory 
                capacity, who shall be designated by--
                            ``(i) the Transportation Security 
                        Administration;
                            ``(ii) the Department of Transportation;
                            ``(iii) the Coast Guard; and
                            ``(iv) such other Federal department or 
                        agency as the Administrator considers 
                        appropriate.
            ``(2) Appointment.--The Administrator shall appoint voting 
        members from among stakeholders representing each mode of 
        surface transportation, such as passenger rail, freight rail, 
        mass transit, pipelines, highways, over-the-road bus, school 
        bus industry, and trucking, including representatives from--
                    ``(A) associations representing such modes of 
                surface transportation;
                    ``(B) labor organizations representing such modes 
                of surface transportation;
                    ``(C) groups representing the users of such modes 
                of surface transportation, including asset 
                manufacturers, as appropriate;
                    ``(D) relevant law enforcement, first responders, 
                and security experts; and
                    ``(E) such other groups as the Administrator 
                considers appropriate.
            ``(3) Chairperson.--The Advisory Committee shall select a 
        chairperson from among its voting members.
            ``(4) Term of office.--
                    ``(A) Terms.--
                            ``(i) In general.--The term of each voting 
                        member of the Advisory Committee shall be 2 
                        years, but a voting member may continue to 
                        serve until the Administrator appoints a 
                        successor.
                            ``(ii) Reappointment.--A voting member of 
                        the Advisory Committee may be reappointed.
                    ``(B) Removal.--
                            ``(i) In general.--The Administrator may 
                        review the participation of a member of the 
                        Advisory Committee and remove such member for 
                        cause at any time.
                            ``(ii) Access to information.--The 
                        Administrator may remove any member of the 
                        Advisory Committee that the Administrator 
                        determines should be restricted from reviewing, 
                        discussing, or possessing classified 
                        information or sensitive security information.
            ``(5) Prohibition on compensation.--The members of the 
        Advisory Committee shall not receive any compensation from the 
        Government by reason of their service on the Advisory 
        Committee.
            ``(6) Meetings.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Administrator shall require 
                the Advisory Committee to meet at least semiannually in 
                person or through web conferencing and may convene 
                additional meetings as necessary.
                    ``(B) Public meetings.--At least 1 of the meetings 
                of the Advisory Committee each year shall be--
                            ``(i) announced in the Federal Register;
                            ``(ii) announced on a public website; and
                            ``(iii) open to the public.
                    ``(C) Attendance.--The Advisory Committee shall 
                maintain a record of the persons present at each 
                meeting.
                    ``(D) Minutes.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Unless otherwise 
                        prohibited by other Federal law, minutes of the 
                        meetings shall be published on the public 
                        website under subsection (e)(5).
                            ``(ii) Protection of classified and 
                        sensitive information.--The Advisory Committee 
                        may redact or summarize, as necessary, minutes 
                        of the meetings to protect classified or other 
                        sensitive information in accordance with law.
            ``(7) Voting member access to classified and sensitive 
        security information.--
                    ``(A) Determinations.--Not later than 60 days after 
                the date on which a voting member is appointed to the 
                Advisory Committee and before that voting member may be 
                granted any access to classified information or 
                sensitive security information, the Administrator shall 
                determine if the voting member should be restricted 
                from reviewing, discussing, or possessing classified 
                information or sensitive security information.
                    ``(B) Access.--
                            ``(i) Sensitive security information.--If a 
                        voting member is not restricted from reviewing, 
                        discussing, or possessing sensitive security 
                        information under subparagraph (A) and 
                        voluntarily signs a nondisclosure agreement, 
                        the voting member may be granted access to 
                        sensitive security information that is relevant 
                        to the voting member's service on the Advisory 
                        Committee.
                            ``(ii) Classified information.--Access to 
                        classified materials shall be managed in 
                        accordance with Executive Order 13526 of 
                        December 29, 2009 (75 Fed. Reg. 707), or any 
                        subsequent corresponding Executive order.
                    ``(C) Protections.--
                            ``(i) Sensitive security information.--
                        Voting members shall protect sensitive security 
                        information in accordance with part 1520 of 
                        title 49, Code of Federal Regulations.
                            ``(ii) Classified information.--Voting 
                        members shall protect classified information in 
                        accordance with the applicable requirements for 
                        the particular level of classification.
            ``(8) Joint committee meetings.--The Advisory Committee may 
        meet with 1 or more of the following advisory committees to 
        discuss multimodal security issues and other security-related 
        issues of common concern:
                    ``(A) Aviation Security Advisory Committee 
                established under section 44946 of title 49, United 
                States Code.
                    ``(B) Maritime Security Advisory Committee 
                established under section 70112 of title 46, United 
                States Code.
                    ``(C) Railroad Safety Advisory Committee 
                established by the Federal Railroad Administration.
            ``(9) Subject matter experts.--The Advisory Committee may 
        request the assistance of subject matter experts with expertise 
        related to the jurisdiction of the Advisory Committee.
    ``(d) Reports.--
            ``(1) Periodic reports.--The Advisory Committee shall 
        periodically submit reports to the Administrator on matters 
        requested by the Administrator or by a majority of the members 
        of the Advisory Committee.
            ``(2) Annual report.--
                    ``(A) Submission.--The Advisory Committee shall 
                submit to the Administrator and the appropriate 
                congressional committees an annual report that provides 
                information on the activities, findings, and 
                recommendations of the Advisory Committee during the 
                preceding year.
                    ``(B) Publication.--Not later than 6 months after 
                the date that the Administrator receives an annual 
                report under subparagraph (A), the Administrator shall 
                publish a public version of the report, in accordance 
                with section 552a(b) of title 5, United States Code.
    ``(e) Administration Response.--
            ``(1) Consideration.--The Administrator shall consider the 
        information, advice, and recommendations of the Advisory 
        Committee in formulating policies, programs, initiatives, 
        rulemakings, and security directives pertaining to surface 
        transportation security.
            ``(2) Feedback.--Not later than 90 days after the date that 
        the Administrator receives a recommendation from the Advisory 
        Committee under subsection (d)(2), the Administrator shall 
        submit to the Advisory Committee written feedback on the 
        recommendation, including--
                    ``(A) if the Administrator agrees with the 
                recommendation, a plan describing the actions that the 
                Administrator has taken, will take, or recommends that 
                the head of another Federal department or agency take 
                to implement the recommendation; or
                    ``(B) if the Administrator disagrees with the 
                recommendation, a justification for that determination.
            ``(3) Notices.--Not later than 30 days after the date the 
        Administrator submits feedback under paragraph (2), the 
        Administrator shall--
                    ``(A) notify the appropriate congressional 
                committees of the feedback, including the determination 
                under subparagraph (A) or subparagraph (B) of that 
                paragraph, as applicable; and
                    ``(B) provide the appropriate congressional 
                committees with a briefing upon request.
            ``(4) Updates.--Not later than 90 days after the date the 
        Administrator receives a recommendation from the Advisory 
        Committee under subsection (d)(2) that the Administrator agrees 
        with, and quarterly thereafter until the recommendation is 
        fully implemented, the Administrator shall submit a report to 
        the appropriate congressional committees or post on the public 
        website under paragraph (5) an update on the status of the 
        recommendation.
            ``(5) Website.--The Administrator shall maintain a public 
        website that--
                    ``(A) lists the members of the Advisory Committee; 
                and
                    ``(B) provides the contact information for the 
                Advisory Committee.
    ``(f) Nonapplicability of FACA.--The Federal Advisory Committee Act 
(5 U.S.C. App.) shall not apply to the Advisory Committee or any 
subcommittee established under this section.''.
    (b) Advisory Committee Members.--
            (1) Voting members.--Not later than 180 days after the date 
        of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall appoint the 
        voting members of the Surface Transportation Security Advisory 
        Committee established under section 404 of the Homeland 
        Security Act of 2002, as added by subsection (a) of this 
        section.
            (2) Nonvoting members.--Not later than 90 days after the 
        date of enactment of this Act, each Federal Government 
        department and agency with regulatory authority over a mode of 
        surface or maritime transportation, as the Administrator 
        considers appropriate, shall designate an appropriate 
        representative to serve as a nonvoting member of the Surface 
        Transportation Security Advisory Committee.
    (c) Table of Contents.--The table of contents in section 1(b) of 
the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (Public Law 107-296; 116 Stat. 2135) 
is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 403 the 
following:

``Sec. 404. Surface Transportation Security Advisory Committee.''.

SEC. 1970. REVIEW OF THE EXPLOSIVES DETECTION CANINE TEAM PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date that the 
Inspector General of the Department receives the report under section 
1964(c), the Inspector General of the Department shall--
            (1) review the explosives detection canine team program, 
        including--
                    (A) the development by the Transportation Security 
                Administration of a deployment strategy for explosives 
                detection canine teams;
                    (B) the national explosives detection canine team 
                training program, including canine training, handler 
                training, refresher training, and updates to such 
                training;
                    (C) the use of the canine assets during an urgent 
                security need, including the reallocation of such 
                program resources outside the transportation systems 
                sector during an urgent security need; and
                    (D) the monitoring and tracking of canine assets; 
                and
            (2) submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
        report on the review, including any recommendations.
    (b) Considerations.--In conducting the review of the deployment 
strategy under subsection (a)(1)(A), the Inspector General shall 
consider whether the Transportation Security Administration's method to 
analyze the risk to transportation facilities and transportation 
systems is appropriate.

SEC. 1971. EXPANSION OF NATIONAL EXPLOSIVES DETECTION CANINE TEAM 
              PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary, where appropriate, shall encourage 
State, local, and tribal governments and private owners of high-risk 
transportation facilities to strengthen security through the use of 
explosives detection canine teams.
    (b) Increased Capacity.--
            (1) In general.--Before the date the Inspector General of 
        the Department submits the report under section 1970, the 
        Administrator may increase the number of State and local 
        surface and maritime transportation canines by not more than 70 
        explosives detection canine teams.
            (2) Additional teams.--Beginning on the date the Inspector 
        General of the Department submits the report under section 
        1970, the Secretary may increase the State and local surface 
        and maritime transportation canines up to 200 explosives 
        detection canine teams unless more are identified in the risk-
        based surface transportation security strategy under section 
        1964, consistent with section 1965 or with the President's most 
        recent budget submitted under section 1105 of title 31, United 
        States Code.
            (3) Recommendations.--Before initiating any increase in the 
        number of explosives detection teams under paragraph (2), the 
        Secretary shall consider any recommendations in the report 
        under section 1970 on the efficacy and management of the 
        explosives detection canine program.
    (c) Deployment.--The Secretary shall--
            (1) use the additional explosives detection canine teams, 
        as described in subsection (b)(1), as part of the Department's 
        efforts to strengthen security across the Nation's surface and 
        maritime transportation networks;
            (2) make available explosives detection canine teams to all 
        modes of transportation, subject to the requirements under 
        section 1968, to address specific vulnerabilities or risks, on 
        an as-needed basis and as otherwise determined appropriate by 
        the Secretary; and
            (3) consider specific needs and training requirements for 
        explosives detection canine teams to be deployed across the 
        Nation's surface and maritime transportation networks, 
        including in venues of multiple modes of transportation, as the 
        Secretary considers appropriate.
    (d) Authorization.--There are authorized to be appropriated to the 
Secretary to the extent of appropriations to carry out this section for 
each of fiscal years 2019 through 2021.

SEC. 1972. STUDY ON SECURITY STANDARDS AND BEST PRACTICES FOR PASSENGER 
              TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS.

    (a) Security Standards and Best Practices for United States and 
Foreign Passenger Transportation Systems.--The Comptroller General of 
the United States shall conduct a study of how the Transportation 
Security Administration--
            (1) identifies and compares--
                    (A) United States and foreign passenger 
                transportation security standards; and
                    (B) best practices for protecting passenger 
                transportation systems, including shared terminal 
                facilities, and cyber systems; and
            (2) disseminates the findings under paragraph (1) to 
        stakeholders.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Comptroller General shall issue a report that 
contains--
            (1) the findings of the study conducted under subsection 
        (a); and
            (2) any recommendations for improving the relevant 
        processes or procedures.

SEC. 1973. AMTRAK SECURITY UPGRADES.

    (a) Railroad Security Assistance.--Section 1513(b) of the 
Implementing Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007 (6 
U.S.C. 1163(b)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by striking the period at the end and 
        inserting ``, including communications interoperability where 
        appropriate with relevant outside agencies and entities.'';
            (2) in paragraph (5), by striking ``security of'' and 
        inserting ``security and preparedness of'';
            (3) in paragraph (7), by striking ``security threats'' and 
        inserting ``security threats and preparedness, including 
        connectivity to the National Terrorist Screening Center''; and
            (4) in paragraph (9), by striking ``and security officers'' 
        and inserting ``, security, and preparedness officers''.
    (b) Specific Projects.--Section 1514(a)(3) of the Implementing 
Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007 (6 U.S.C. 
1164(a)(3)) is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (D) by inserting ``, or to connect to 
        the National Terrorism Screening Center watchlist'' after 
        ``Secretary'';
            (2) in subparagraph (G), by striking ``; and'' at the end 
        and inserting a semicolon;
            (3) in subparagraph (H) by striking the period at the end 
        and inserting a semicolon; and
            (4) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(I) for improvements to passenger verification 
                systems;
                    ``(J) for improvements to employee and contractor 
                verification systems, including identity verification 
                technology; or
                    ``(K) for improvements to the security of Amtrak 
                computer systems, including cybersecurity assessments 
                and programs.''.

SEC. 1974. PASSENGER RAIL VETTING.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date on which 
the Amtrak Board of Directors submits a request to the Administrator, 
the Administrator shall issue a decision on the use by Amtrak of the 
Transportation Security Administration's Secure Flight Program or a 
similar passenger vetting system to enhance passenger rail security.
    (b) Considerations.--In making a decision under subsection (a), the 
Administrator shall--
            (1) consider the technological, privacy, operational, and 
        security impacts of such a decision; and
            (2) describe such impacts in any strategic plan developed 
        under subsection (c).
    (c) Strategic Plan.--If the Administrator decides to grant the 
request by Amtrak under subsection (a), the decision shall include a 
strategic plan for working with rail stakeholders to enhance passenger 
rail security by--
            (1) vetting passengers using terrorist watch lists 
        maintained by the Federal Government or a similar passenger 
        vetting system maintained by the Transportation Security 
        Administration; and
            (2) where applicable and in consultation with the 
        Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection, assessing 
        whether the vetting process should be integrated into 
        preclearance operations established under section 813 of the 
        Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act of 2015 (19 U.S.C. 
        4432).
    (d) Notices.--The Administrator shall notify the appropriate 
committees of Congress of any decision made under subsection (a) and 
the details of the strategic plan under subsection (c).
    (e) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be 
construed to limit the Administrator's authority to set the access to, 
or terms and conditions of using, the Secure Flight Program or a 
similar passenger vetting system.

SEC. 1975. STUDY ON SURFACE TRANSPORTATION INSPECTORS.

    (a) Strategy.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate 
congressional committees and the Comptroller General of the United 
States a strategy to guide operations of surface transportation 
security inspectors that addresses the following:
            (1) Any limitations in data systems for such inspectors, as 
        identified by the Comptroller General.
            (2) Alignment of operations with risk assessment findings, 
        including an approach to identifying and prioritizing entities 
        and locations for inspections.
            (3) Measurable objectives for the surface transportation 
        security inspectors program.
    (b) GAO Review.--Not later than 180 days after the date the 
strategy under subsection (a) is submitted, the Comptroller General of 
the United States shall review such strategy and, as appropriate, issue 
recommendations.

SEC. 1976. SECURITY AWARENESS PROGRAM.

    (a) Establishment.--The Administrator shall establish a program to 
promote surface transportation security through the training of surface 
transportation operators and frontline employees on each of the skills 
identified in subsection (c).
    (b) Application.--The program established under subsection (a) 
shall apply to all modes of surface transportation, including public 
transportation, rail, highway, motor carrier, and pipeline.
    (c) Training.--The program established under subsection (a) shall 
cover, at a minimum, the skills necessary to recognize, assess, and 
respond to suspicious items or actions that could indicate a threat to 
transportation.
    (d) Assessment.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator shall conduct an 
        assessment of current training programs for surface 
        transportation operators and frontline employees.
            (2) Contents.--The assessment shall identify--
                    (A) whether other training is being provided, 
                either voluntarily or in response to other Federal 
                requirements; and
                    (B) whether there are any gaps in existing 
                training.
    (e) Updates.--The Administrator shall ensure the program 
established under subsection (a) is updated as necessary to address 
changes in risk and terrorist methods and to close any gaps identified 
in the assessment under subsection (d).
    (f) Suspicious Activity Reporting.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary shall maintain a national 
        telephone number for an individual to use to report suspicious 
        activity under this section to the Administration.
            (2) Procedures.--The Administrator shall establish 
        procedures for the Administration--
                    (A) to review and follow-up, as necessary, on each 
                report received under paragraph (1); and
                    (B) to share, as necessary and in accordance with 
                law, the report with appropriate Federal, State, local, 
                and tribal entities.
            (3) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this section may be 
        construed to--
                    (A) replace or affect in any way the use of 9-1-1 
                services in an emergency; or
                    (B) replace or affect in any way the security 
                training program requirements specified in sections 
                1408, 1517, and 1534 of the Implementing 
                Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007 (6 
                U.S.C. 1137, 1167, 1184).
    (g) Definition of Frontline Employee.--In this section, the term 
``frontline employee'' includes--
            (1) an employee of a public transportation agency who is a 
        transit vehicle driver or operator, dispatcher, maintenance and 
        maintenance support employee, station attendant, customer 
        service employee, security employee, or transit police, or any 
        other employee who has direct contact with riders on a regular 
        basis, and any other employee of a public transportation agency 
        that the Administrator determines should receive security 
        training under this section or that is receiving security 
        training under other law;
            (2) over-the-road bus drivers, security personnel, 
        dispatchers, maintenance and maintenance support personnel, 
        ticket agents, other terminal employees, and other employees of 
        an over-the-road bus operator or terminal owner or operator 
        that the Administrator determines should receive security 
        training under this section or that is receiving security 
        training under other law; or
            (3) security personnel, dispatchers, locomotive engineers, 
        conductors, trainmen, other onboard employees, maintenance and 
        maintenance support personnel, bridge tenders, and any other 
        employees of railroad carriers that the Administrator 
        determines should receive security training under this section 
        or that is receiving security training under other law.

SEC. 1977. VOLUNTARY USE OF CREDENTIALING.

    (a) In General.--An applicable individual who is subject to 
credentialing or a background investigation may satisfy that 
requirement by obtaining a valid transportation security card.
    (b) Issuance of Cards.--The Secretary of Homeland Security--
            (1) shall expand the transportation security card program, 
        consistent with section 70105 of title 46, United States Code, 
        to allow an applicable individual who is subject to 
        credentialing or a background investigation to apply for a 
        transportation security card; and
            (2) may charge reasonable fees, in accordance with section 
        520(a) of the Department of Homeland Security Appropriations 
        Act, 2004 (6 U.S.C. 469(a)), for providing the necessary 
        credentialing and background investigation.
    (c) Vetting.--The Administrator shall develop and implement a plan 
to utilize, in addition to any background check required for initial 
issue, the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Rap Back Service and other 
vetting tools as appropriate, including the No-Fly and Selectee lists, 
to get immediate notification of any criminal activity relating to any 
person with a valid transportation security card.
    (d) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Applicable individual who is subject to credentialing 
        or a background investigation.--The term ``applicable 
        individual who is subject to credentialing or a background 
        investigation'' means only an individual who--
                    (A) because of employment is regulated by the 
                Transportation Security Administration, Department of 
                Transportation, or Coast Guard and is required to have 
                a background records check to obtain a hazardous 
                materials endorsement on a commercial driver's license 
                issued by a State under section 5103a of title 49, 
                United States Code; or
                    (B) is required to have a credential and background 
                records check under section 2102(d)(2) of the Homeland 
                Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 622(d)(2)) at a facility 
                with activities that are regulated by the 
                Transportation Security Administration, Department of 
                Transportation, or Coast Guard.
            (2) Valid transportation security card.--The term ``valid 
        transportation security card'' means a transportation security 
        card that is--
                    (A) issued under section 70105 of title 46, United 
                States Code;
                    (B) not expired;
                    (C) shows no signs of tampering; and
                    (D) bears a photograph of the individual 
                representing such card.

SEC. 1978. BACKGROUND RECORDS CHECKS FOR ISSUANCE OF HAZMAT LICENSES.

    (a) Issuance of Licenses.--Section 5103a(a)(1) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``unless'' and inserting ``unless--'';
            (2) by striking ``the Secretary of Homeland Security'' and 
        inserting the following:
                    ``(A) ``the Secretary of Homeland Security'';'';
            (3) in subparagraph (A), as designated by paragraph (2) of 
        this subsection, by striking the period at the end and 
        inserting ``; or''; and
            (4) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(B) the individual holds a valid transportation 
                security card issued under section 70105 of title 
                46.''.
    (b) Transportation Security Card.--Section 5103a(d)(1) is amended, 
in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking ``described in 
subsection (a)(1)'' and inserting ``under subsection (a)(1)(A)''.

SEC. 1979. CARGO CONTAINER SCANNING TECHNOLOGY REVIEW.

    (a) Designations.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, and not less frequently than once every 
        5 years thereafter until the date of full-scale implementation 
        of 100 percent screening of cargo containers and 100 percent 
        scanning of high-risk containers required under section 232 of 
        the SAFE Port Act (6 U.S.C. 982), the Secretary shall solicit 
        proposals for scanning technologies, consistent with the 
        standards under subsection (b)(8) of that section, to improve 
        scanning of cargo at domestic ports.
            (2) Evaluation.--In soliciting proposals under paragraph 
        (1), the Secretary shall establish measures to assess the 
        performance of the proposed scanning technologies, including--
                    (A) the rate of false positives;
                    (B) the delays in processing times; and
                    (C) the impact on the supply chain.
    (b) Pilot Program.--
            (1) Establishment.--The Secretary may establish a pilot 
        program to determine the efficacy of a scanning technology 
        referred to in subsection (a).
            (2) Application process.--In carrying out the pilot program 
        under this subsection, the Secretary shall--
                    (A) solicit applications from domestic ports;
                    (B) select up to 4 domestic ports to participate in 
                the pilot program; and
                    (C) select ports with unique features and differing 
                levels of trade volume.
            (3) Report.--Not later than 1 year after initiating a pilot 
        program under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall submit to the 
        appropriate committees of Congress a report on the pilot 
        program, including--
                    (A) an evaluation of the scanning technologies 
                proposed to improve security at domestic ports and to 
                meet the full-scale implementation requirement;
                    (B) the costs to implement a pilot program;
                    (C) the benefits of the proposed scanning 
                technologies;
                    (D) the impact of the pilot program on the supply 
                chain; and
                    (E) recommendations for implementation of advanced 
                cargo scanning technologies at domestic ports.
            (4) Sharing pilot program testing results.--The results of 
        the pilot testing of advanced cargo scanning technologies shall 
        be shared, as appropriate, with government agencies and private 
        stakeholders whose responsibilities encompass the secure 
        transport of cargo.

SEC. 1980. PIPELINE SECURITY STUDY.

    (a) Study.--The Comptroller General of the United States shall 
conduct a study regarding the roles and responsibilities of the 
Department of Homeland Security and the Department of Transportation 
with respect to pipeline security.
    (b) Contents.--The study under subsection (a) shall examine--
            (1) whether the Annex to the Memorandum of Understanding 
        executed on August 9, 2006, between the Department of Homeland 
        Security and the Department of Transportation adequately 
        delineates strategic and operational responsibilities for 
        pipeline security, including whether it is clear which 
        department is responsible for--
                    (A) protecting against intentional pipeline 
                breaches and cyber attacks;
                    (B) responding to intentional pipeline breaches and 
                cyber attacks; and
                    (C) planning to recover from the impact of 
                intentional pipeline breaches and cyber attacks;
            (2) whether the respective roles and responsibilities of 
        each department are adequately conveyed to relevant 
        stakeholders and to the public;
            (3) whether the processes and procedures for determining 
        whether a particular pipeline breach is a terrorist incident 
        are clear and effective;
            (4) whether, and if so how, pipeline sector stakeholders 
        share security-related information;
            (5) the guidance pipeline operators report use to address 
        security risks and the extent to which the TSA ensures its 
        guidelines reflect the current threat environment;
            (6) the extent to which the TSA has assessed security risks 
        to pipeline systems; and
            (7) the extent to which the TSA has assessed its 
        effectiveness in reducing pipeline security risks.
    (c) Report on Study.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of the TSA Modernization Act, the Comptroller General of the 
United States shall submit to the Secretary of Homeland Security and 
the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate 
and the Committee on Homeland Security and the Committee on 
Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a 
report containing the findings of the study under subsection (a).
    (d) Report to Congress.--Not later than 90 days after the date the 
report under subsection (c) is submitted, the Secretary of Homeland 
Security shall review and analyze the study and submit to the Committee 
on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the 
Committee on Homeland Security and the Committee on Transportation and 
Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a report on such review 
and analysis, including any recommendations for--
            (1) changes to the Annex to the Memorandum of Understanding 
        referred to in subsection (b)(1); and
            (2) other improvements to pipeline security activities at 
        the Department.

SEC. 1981. FEASIBILITY ASSESSMENT.

    (a) Emerging Issues.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary, acting through the Administrator 
and in coordination with the Under Secretary for Science and Technology 
of the Department of Homeland Security, shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a feasibility assessment of modifying the 
security of surface transportation assets by--
            (1) introducing next generation technologies to be 
        integrated into systems of surface transportation assets to 
        detect explosives, including through the deployment of mobile 
        explosives detection technologies to conduct risk-based 
        passenger and property screening at such systems;
            (2) providing surface transportation asset operators with 
        access to the Transportation Security Administration's Secure 
        Flight Program or a similar passenger vetting system maintained 
        by the Transportation Security Administration;
            (3) deploying a credential authentication technology or 
        other means of identification document inspection to high-risk 
        surface transportation assets to assist operators conducting 
        passenger vetting; and
            (4) deploying scalable, cost-effective technology solutions 
        to detect chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, or 
        explosive threats within high-risk surface transportation 
        assets that are capable of passive, continuous, and real-time 
        sensing and detection of, and alerting passengers and operating 
        personnel to, the presence of such a threat.
    (b) Considerations.--In carrying out the assessment under 
subsection (a), the Secretary, acting through the Administrator and in 
coordination with the Under Secretary for Science and Technology of the 
Department of Homeland Security, shall address the technological, 
privacy, operational, passenger facilitation, and public acceptance 
considerations involved with each security measure contemplated in such 
assessment.

SEC. 1982. BEST PRACTICES TO SECURE AGAINST VEHICLE-BASED ATTACKS.

    Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Administrator shall disseminate best practices to public and 
private stakeholders regarding how to enhance transportation security 
against the threat of a vehicle-based terrorist attack.

SEC. 1983. SURFACE TRANSPORTATION STAKEHOLDER SURVEY.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 120 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall begin conducting a survey of 
public and private stakeholders responsible for securing surface 
transportation assets regarding resource challenges, including the 
availability of Federal funding, associated with securing such assets 
that provides an opportunity for respondents to set forth information 
on specific unmet needs.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 120 days after beginning the survey 
required under subsection (a), the Secretary shall report to the 
appropriate committees of Congress regarding the results of such survey 
and the Department of Homeland Security's efforts to address any 
identified security vulnerabilities.

SEC. 1984. NUCLEAR MATERIAL AND EXPLOSIVE DETECTION TECHNOLOGY.

    The Secretary, in coordination with the Director of the National 
Institute of Standards and Technology and the head of each relevant 
Federal department or agency researching nuclear material detection 
systems or explosive detection systems, shall research, facilitate, 
and, to the extent practicable, deploy next generation technologies, 
including active neutron interrogation, to detect nuclear material and 
explosives in transportation systems and transportation facilities.

                  Subtitle H--Transportation Security

SEC. 1985. NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR TRANSPORTATION SECURITY REVIEW.

    (a) GAO Review.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United 
        States shall evaluate the degree to which the most recent 
        National Strategy for Transportation Security, as updated, 
        under section 114(s) of title 49, United States Code, is 
        reflected in relevant Federal transportation security programs, 
        budgets, research, staffing levels, and related activities.
            (2) Considerations.--In conducting the evaluation under 
        paragraph (1), the Comptroller General shall consider the 
        degree to which--
                    (A) the strategy is sufficiently forward-looking to 
                guide future Federal efforts relating to transportation 
                security;
                    (B) Federal transportation security programs, 
                budgets, research, staffing levels, and related 
                activities for fiscal year 2019 and subsequent fiscal 
                years would be guided by the strategy; and
                    (C) any annual progress reports submitted to 
                Congress under that section after the strategy is 
                submitted would provide information on the degree to 
                which that strategy guides Federal efforts relating to 
                transportation security.

SEC. 1986. RISK SCENARIOS.

    (a) In General.--The Administrator shall annually develop, 
consistent with the transportation modal security plans required under 
section 114(s) of title 49, United States Code, risk-based priorities 
based on risk assessments conducted or received by the Secretary across 
all transportation modes that consider threats, vulnerabilities, and 
consequences.
    (b) Scenarios.--The Administrator shall ensure that the risk-based 
priorities identified under subsection (a) are informed by an analysis 
of terrorist attack scenarios for each transportation mode, including 
cyber-attack scenarios and intelligence and open source information 
about current and evolving threats.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 120 days after the date that annual 
risk-based priorities are developed under subsection (a), the 
Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
report that includes the following:
            (1) Copies of the risk assessments for each transportation 
        mode.
            (2) A summary that ranks the risks within and across modes.
            (3) A description of the risk-based priorities for securing 
        the transportation sector that identifies and prioritizes the 
        greatest security needs of such transportation sector, both 
        across and within modes, in the order that such priorities 
        should be addressed.
            (4) Information on the underlying methodologies used to 
        assess risks across and within each transportation mode and the 
        basis for any assumptions regarding threats, vulnerabilities, 
        and consequences made in assessing and prioritizing risks 
        within each such mode and across modes.
    (d) Classification.--The information provided under subsection (c) 
may be submitted in a classified format or unclassified format, as the 
Administrator considers appropriate.

SEC. 1987. INTEGRATED AND UNIFIED OPERATIONS CENTERS. --

     (a) Framework.--Not later than 120 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator, in consultation with the 
heads of other appropriate offices or components of the Department, 
shall make available to public and private stakeholders a framework for 
establishing an integrated and unified operations center responsible 
for overseeing daily operations of a transportation facility that 
promotes coordination for responses to terrorism, serious incidents, 
and other purposes, as determined appropriate by the Administrator.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator shall brief the appropriate committees of 
Congress regarding the establishment and activities of integrated and 
unified operations centers at transportation facilities at which the 
TSA has a presence.

SEC. 1988. NATIONAL DEPLOYMENT FORCE.

    (a) In General.--Subchapter II of chapter 449, as amended by 
section 1943 of this Act, is further amended by adding at the end the 
following:

``SEC. 44948. NATIONAL DEPLOYMENT OFFICE.

    ``(a) Establishment.--There is established within the 
Transportation Security Administration a National Deployment Office, to 
be headed by an individual with supervisory experience. Such individual 
shall be designated by the Administrator of the Transportation Security 
Administration.
    ``(b) Duties.--The individual designated as the head of the 
National Deployment Office shall be responsible for the following:
            ``(1) Maintaining a National Deployment Force within the 
        Transportation Security Administration, including 
        transportation security officers, supervisory transportation 
        security officers and lead transportation security officers, to 
        provide the Administration with rapid and efficient response 
        capabilities and augment the Department of Homeland Security's 
        homeland security operations to mitigate and reduce risk, 
        including for the following:
                    ``(A) Airports temporarily requiring additional 
                security personnel due to an emergency, seasonal 
                demands, hiring shortfalls, severe weather conditions, 
                passenger volume mitigation, equipment support, or 
                other reasons.
                    ``(B) Special events requiring enhanced security 
                including National Special Security Events, as 
                determined by the Secretary of Homeland Security.
                    ``(C) Response in the aftermath of any manmade 
                disaster, including any terrorist attack.
                    ``(D) Other such situations, as determined by the 
                Administrator.
            ``(2) Educating transportation security officers regarding 
        how to participate in the Administration's National Deployment 
        Force.
            ``(3) Recruiting officers to serve on the National 
        Deployment Force, in accordance with a staffing model to be 
        developed by the Administrator.
            ``(4) Approving 1-year appointments for officers to serve 
        on the National Deployment Force, with an option to extend upon 
        officer request and with the approval of the appropriate 
        Federal Security Director.
            ``(5) Training officers to serve on the National Deployment 
        Force.''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents of subchapter II of 
chapter 449, as amended by section 1943 of this Act, is further amended 
by adding after the item relating to section 44947 the following:

``44948. National Deployment Office.''.
    (c) Conforming Amendment.--Section 114(f), as amended by section 
1904 of this Act, is further amended--
            (1) in paragraph (14), by striking ``and'' after the 
        semicolon at the end;
            (2) by redesignating paragraph (15) as paragraph (16); and
            (3) by inserting after paragraph (14) the following:
            ``(15) establish and maintain a National Deployment Office 
        as required under section 44948 of this title; and''.
    (d) Career Development.--The Administrator may consider service in 
the National Deployment Force as a positive factor when evaluating 
applicants for promotion opportunities within the TSA.
    (e) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act and annually thereafter for 5 years, the Administrator shall 
submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report regarding 
activities of the National Deployment Office, including the National 
Deployment Force, established under section 44948 of title 49, United 
States Code. Each such report shall include information relating to the 
following:
            (1) When, where, why, how many, and for how long the 
        National Deployment Force was deployed throughout the 12-month 
        period covered by such report and the costs associated with 
        such deployment.
            (2) A description of collaboration between the National 
        Deployment Office and other components of the Department, other 
        Federal agencies, and State and local transportation security 
        stakeholders.
            (3) The size of the National Deployment Force, including 
        information on the staffing model of the National Deployment 
        Force and adherence to such model as established by the 
        Administrator.
            (4) Information on recruitment, appointment, and training 
        activities, including processes utilized to attract, recruit, 
        appoint, and train officers to serve on the National Deployment 
        Force.

SEC. 1989. INFORMATION SHARING AND CYBERSECURITY.

    (a) Federal Security Directors.--Section 44933 is amended by adding 
at the end the following:
    ``(c) Information Sharing.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
the enactment of the TSA Modernization Act, the Administrator shall--
            ``(1) require each Federal Security Director of an airport 
        to meet at least quarterly with the airport director, airport 
        security coordinator, and law enforcement agencies serving each 
        such airport to discuss incident management protocols, 
        including the resolution of screening anomalies at passenger 
        screening checkpoints; and
            ``(2) require each Federal Security Director at an airport 
        to inform, consult, and coordinate, as appropriate, with the 
        respective airport security coordinator in a timely manner on 
        security matters impacting airport operations and to establish 
        and maintain operational protocols with such airport operators 
        to ensure coordinated responses to security matters.''.
    (b) Plan to Improve Information Sharing.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall develop a plan 
        to improve intelligence information sharing with State and 
        local transportation entities that includes best practices to 
        ensure that the information shared is actionable, useful, and 
        not redundant.
            (2) Contents.--The plan required under paragraph (1) shall 
        include the following:
                    (A) The incorporation of best practices for 
                information sharing.
                    (B) The identification of areas of overlap and 
                redundancy.
                    (C) An evaluation and incorporation of stakeholder 
                input in the development of such plan.
                    (D) The integration of any recommendations of the 
                Comptroller General of the United States on information 
                sharing.
            (3) Solicitation.--The Administrator shall solicit on an 
        annual basis input from appropriate stakeholders, including 
        State and local transportation entities, on the quality and 
        quantity of intelligence received by such stakeholders relating 
        to information sharing.
    (c) Best Practices Sharing.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall establish a 
        mechanism to share with State and local transportation entities 
        best practices from across the law enforcement spectrum, 
        including Federal, State, local, and tribal entities, that 
        relate to employee training, employee professional development, 
        technology development and deployment, hardening tactics, and 
        passenger and employee awareness programs.
            (2) Consultation.--The Administrator shall solicit and 
        incorporate stakeholder input--
                    (A) in developing the mechanism for sharing best 
                practices as required under paragraph (1); and
                    (B) not less frequently than annually on the 
                quality and quantity of information such stakeholders 
                receive through the mechanism established under such 
                paragraph.
    (d) Cybersecurity.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator, in consultation with 
        the Secretary, shall--
                    (A) not later than 120 days after the date of 
                enactment of this Act, implement the Framework for 
                Improving Critical Infrastructure Cybersecurity 
                (referred to in this section as the ``Framework'' 
                developed by the National Institute of Standards and 
                Technology, and any update to such Framework under 
                section 2 of the National Institute of Standards and 
                Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 272), to manage the agency's 
                cybersecurity risks; and
                    (B) evaluate, on a periodic basis, but not less 
                often than biennially, the use of the Framework under 
                subparagraph (A).
            (2) Cybersecurity enhancements to aviation security 
        activities.--The Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary 
        of Transportation, shall, upon request, conduct cybersecurity 
        vulnerability assessments for airports and air carriers.
            (3) TSA trusted traveler and credentialing program cyber 
        evaluation.--
                    (A) Evaluation required.--Not later than 120 days 
                after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary 
                shall--
                            (i) evaluate the cybersecurity of TSA 
                        trusted traveler and credentialing programs 
                        that contain personal information of specific 
                        individuals or information that identifies 
                        specific individuals, including the 
                        Transportation Worker Identification Credential 
                        and PreCheck programs;
                            (ii) identify any cybersecurity risks under 
                        the programs described in clause (i); and
                            (iii) develop remediation plans to address 
                        the cybersecurity risks identified under clause 
                        (ii).
                    (B) Submission to congress.--Not later than 30 days 
                after the date the evaluation under subparagraph (A) is 
                complete, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate 
                committees of Congress information relating to such 
                evaluation, including any cybersecurity vulnerabilities 
                identified and remediation plans to address such 
                vulnerabilities. Such submission shall be provided in a 
                classified form.
            (4) Definitions.--In this subsection, the terms 
        ``cybersecurity risk'' and ``incident'' have the meanings given 
        the terms in section 227 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 
        (6 U.S.C. 148).

SEC. 1990. SECURITY TECHNOLOGIES TIED TO FOREIGN THREAT COUNTRIES.

    Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress an 
assessment of terrorist and other threats to the transportation sector, 
including surface transportation assets, posed by the use of security 
technologies, including software and networked technologies, developed 
or manufactured by firms that are owned or closely linked to the 
governments of countries that are known to pose a cyber or homeland 
security threat.

          Subtitle I--Conforming and Miscellaneous Amendments

SEC. 1991. TITLE 49 AMENDMENTS.

    (a) Deletion of Duties Related to Aviation Security.--Section 
106(g) is amended to read as follows:
    ``(g) Duties and Powers of Administrator.--The Administrator shall 
carry out the following:
            ``(1) Duties and powers of the Secretary of Transportation 
        under subsection (f) of this section related to aviation safety 
        (except those related to transportation, packaging, marking, or 
        description of hazardous material) and stated in the following:
                    ``(A) Section 308(b).
                    ``(B) Subsections (c) and (d) of section 1132.
                    ``(C) Sections 40101(c), 40103(b), 40106(a), 40108, 
                40109(b), 40113(a), 40113(c), 40113(d), 40113(e), and 
                40114(a).
                    ``(D) Chapter 445, except sections 44501(b), 
                44502(a)(2), 44502(a)(3), 44502(a)(4), 44503, 44506, 
                44509, 44510, 44514, and 44515.
                    ``(E) Chapter 447, except sections 44717, 44718(a), 
                44718(b), 44719, 44720, 44721(b), 44722, and 44723.
                    ``(F) Chapter 451.
                    ``(G) Chapter 453.
                    ``(H) Section 46104.
                    ``(I) Subsections (d) and (h)(2) of section 46301 
                and sections 46303(c), 46304 through 46308, 46310, 
                46311, and 46313 through 46316.
                    ``(J) Chapter 465.
                    ``(K) Sections 47504(b) (related to flight 
                procedures), 47508(a), and 48107.
            ``(2) Additional duties and powers prescribed by the 
        Secretary of Transportation.''.
    (b) Transportation Security Oversight Board.--Section 115 is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (c)(1), by striking ``Under Secretary of 
        Transportation for security'' and inserting ``Administrator of 
        the Transportation Security Administration''; and
            (2) in subsection (c)(6), by striking ``Under Secretary'' 
        and inserting ``Administrator''.
    (c) Chapter 401 Amendments.--Chapter 401 is amended--
            (1) in section 40109--
                    (A) in subsection (b), by striking ``, 40119, 
                44901, 44903, 44906, and 44935-44937''; and
                    (B) in subsection (c), by striking ``sections 44909 
                and'' and inserting ``sections 44909(a), 44909(b), 
                and'';
            (2) in section 40113--
                    (A) in subsection (a)--
                            (i) by striking ``the Under Secretary of 
                        Transportation for Security with respect to 
                        security duties and powers designated to be 
                        carried out by the Under Secretary or'' and 
                        inserting ``the Administrator of the 
                        Transportation Security Administration with 
                        respect to security duties and powers 
                        designated to be carried out by that 
                        Administrator or'';
                            (ii) by striking ``carried out by the 
                        Administrator'' and inserting ``carried out by 
                        that Administrator''; and
                            (iii) by striking ``, Under Secretary, or 
                        Administrator,'' and inserting ``, 
                        Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                        Administration, or Administrator of the Federal 
                        Aviation Administration,''; and
                    (B) in subsection (d)--
                            (i) by striking ``Under Secretary of 
                        Transportation for Security or the'';
                            (ii) by striking ``Transportation Security 
                        Administration or Federal Aviation 
                        Administration, as the case may be,'' and 
                        inserting ``Federal Aviation Administration''; 
                        and
                            (iii) by striking ``Under Secretary or 
                        Administrator, as the case may be,'' and 
                        inserting ``Administrator'';
            (3) by striking section 40119; and
            (4) in the table of contents, by striking the item relating 
        to section 40119 and inserting the following:

``40119. [Reserved].''.
    (d) Chapter 449 Amendments.--Chapter 449 is amended--
            (1) in section 44901--
                    (A) in subsection (a)--
                            (i) by striking ``Under Secretary of 
                        Transportation for Security'' and inserting 
                        ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                        Administration''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``, United States Code'';
                    (B) in subsection (c), by striking ``but not later 
                than the 60th day following the date of enactment of 
                the Aviation and Transportation Security Act'';
                    (C) in subsection (d)--
                            (i) in paragraph (1)--
                                    (I) in the matter preceding 
                                subparagraph (A), by striking ``Under 
                                Secretary of Transportation for 
                                Security'' and inserting 
                                ``Administrator of the Transportation 
                                Security Administration''; and
                                    (II) in subparagraph (A), by 
                                striking ``no later than December 31, 
                                2002'';
                            (ii) by striking paragraphs (2) and (3);
                            (iii) by redesignating paragraph (4) as 
                        paragraph (2); and
                            (iv) in paragraph (2), as redesignated--
                                    (I) in subparagraph (A), by 
                                striking ``Assistant Secretary 
                                (Transportation Security 
                                Administration)'' and inserting 
                                ``Administrator of the Transportation 
                                Security Administration'';
                                    (II) in subparagraph (B), by 
                                striking ``Assistant Secretary'' and 
                                inserting ``Administrator of the 
                                Transportation Security 
                                Administration''; and
                                    (III) in subparagraph (D)--
                                            (aa) by striking 
                                        ``Assistant Secretary'' the 
                                        first place it appears and 
                                        inserting ``Administrator of 
                                        the Transportation Security 
                                        Administration''; and
                                            (bb) by striking 
                                        ``Assistant Secretary'' the 
                                        second place it appears and 
                                        inserting ``Administrator'';
                    (D) in subsection (e)--
                            (i) in that matter preceding paragraph 
                        (1)--
                                    (I) by striking ``but not later 
                                than the 60th day following the date of 
                                enactment of the Aviation and 
                                Transportation Security Act''; and
                                    (II) by striking ``Under 
                                Secretary'' and inserting 
                                ``Administrator of the Transportation 
                                Security Administration''; and
                            (ii) in paragraph (4), by striking ``Under 
                        Secretary'' and inserting ``Administrator'';
                    (E) in subsection (f), by striking ``after the date 
                of enactment of the Aviation and Transportation 
                Security Act'';
                    (F) in subsection (g)--
                            (i) in paragraph (1), by striking ``Not 
                        later than 3 years after the date of enactment 
                        of the Implementing Recommendations of the 9/11 
                        Commission Act of 2007, the'' and inserting 
                        ``The'';
                            (ii) in paragraph (2), by striking ``as 
                        follows:'' and all that follows and inserting a 
                        period;
                            (iii) by amending paragraph (3) to read as 
                        follows:
            ``(3) Regulations.--The Secretary of Homeland Security 
        shall issue a final rule as a permanent regulation to implement 
        this subsection in accordance with the provisions of chapter 5 
        of title 5.'';
                            (iv) by striking paragraph (4); and
                            (v) by redesignating paragraph (5) as 
                        paragraph (4);
                    (G) in subsection (h)--
                            (i) in paragraph (1), by striking ``Under 
                        Secretary'' and inserting ``Administrator of 
                        the Transportation Security Administration''; 
                        and
                            (ii) in paragraph (2)--
                                    (I) by striking ``Under Secretary'' 
                                the first place it appears and 
                                inserting ``Administrator of the 
                                Transportation Security 
                                Administration''; and
                                    (II) by striking ``Under 
                                Secretary'' each place it appears and 
                                inserting ``Administrator'';
                    (H) in subsection (i)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), 
                        by striking ``Under Secretary'' and inserting 
                        ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                        Administration''; and
                            (ii) in paragraph (2), by striking ``Under 
                        Secretary'' and inserting ``Administrator'';
                    (I) in subsection (j)(1)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph 
                        (A), by striking ``Before January 1, 2008, 
                        the'' and inserting ``The''; and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``the 
                        date of enactment of this subsection'' and 
                        inserting ``August 3, 2007'';
                    (J) in subsection (k)--
                            (i) in paragraph (1), by striking ``Not 
                        later than one year after the date of enactment 
                        of this subsection, the'' and inserting 
                        ``The'';
                            (ii) in paragraph (2), by striking ``Not 
                        later than 6 months after the date of enactment 
                        of this subsection, the'' and inserting 
                        ``The''; and
                            (iii) in paragraph (3), by striking ``Not 
                        later than 180 days after the date of enactment 
                        of this subsection, the'' in paragraph (3) and 
                        inserting ``The''; and
                    (K) in subsection (l)--
                            (i) in paragraph (2)--
                                    (I) in the matter preceding 
                                subparagraph (A), by striking 
                                ``Beginning June 1, 2012, the Assistant 
                                Secretary of Homeland Security 
                                (Transportation Security 
                                Administration)'' and inserting ``The 
                                Administrator of the Transportation 
                                Security Administration''; and
                                    (II) in subparagraph (B), by 
                                striking ``Assistant Secretary'' and 
                                inserting ``Administrator'';
                            (ii) in paragraph (3)--
                                    (I) in subparagraph (A)--
                                            (aa) by striking 
                                        ``Assistant Secretary'' the 
                                        first place it appears and 
                                        inserting ``Administrator of 
                                        the Transportation Security 
                                        Administration''; and
                                            (bb) by striking 
                                        ``Assistant Secretary'' the 
                                        second place it appears and 
                                        inserting ``Administrator''; 
                                        and
                                    (II) in subparagraph (B), by 
                                striking ``Assistant Secretary'' and 
                                inserting ``Administrator of the 
                                Transportation Security 
                                Administration''; and
                            (iii) in paragraph (4)--
                                    (I) in subparagraph (A)--
                                            (aa) by striking ``60 days 
                                        after the deadline specified in 
                                        paragraph (2), and not later 
                                        than'';
                                            (bb) by striking 
                                        ``Assistant Secretary'' the 
                                        first place it appears and 
                                        inserting ``Administrator of 
                                        the Transportation Security 
                                        Administration''; and
                                            (cc) by striking 
                                        ``Assistant Secretary'' the 
                                        second place it appears and 
                                        inserting ``Administrator''; 
                                        and
                                    (II) in subparagraph (B), by 
                                striking ``Assistant Secretary'' each 
                                place it appears and inserting 
                                ``Administrator of the Transportation 
                                Security Administration'';
            (2) section 44902 is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a), by striking ``Under 
                Secretary of Transportation for Security'' and 
                inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation 
                Security Administration''; and
                    (B) in subsection (b), by striking ``Under 
                Secretary'' and inserting ``Administrator of the 
                Transportation Security Administration'';
            (3) section 44903 is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a)--
                            (i) in the heading, by striking 
                        ``Definition'' and inserting ``Definitions'';
                            (ii) by redesignating paragraphs (1) 
                        through (3) as subparagraphs (A) through (C), 
                        respectively;
                            (iii) in subparagraph (B), as redesignated, 
                        by striking ``Under Secretary of Transportation 
                        for Security'' and inserting ``Administrator'';
                            (iv) in the matter preceding subparagraph 
                        (A), as redesignated, by striking ``In this 
                        section, `law enforcement personnel' means 
                        individuals--'' and inserting ``In this 
                        section:'';
                            (v) by inserting before subparagraph (A), 
                        the following:
            ``(2) Law enforcement personnel.--The term `law enforcement 
        personnel' means individuals--''; and
                            (vi) by inserting before paragraph (2), as 
                        redesignated, the following:
            ``(1) Administrator.--The term `Administrator' means the 
        Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration.'';
                    (B) in subsection (d), by striking ``Secretary of 
                Transportation'' and inserting ``Administrator'';
                    (C) in subsection (g), by striking ``Under 
                Secretary's'' each place it appears and inserting 
                ``Administrator's'';
                    (D) in subsection (h)--
                            (i) in paragraph (3), by striking 
                        ``Secretary'' and inserting ``Secretary of 
                        Homeland Security'';
                            (ii) in paragraph (4)--
                                    (I) in subparagraph (A), by 
                                striking ``, as soon as practicable 
                                after the date of enactment of this 
                                subsection,'';
                                    (II) in subparagraph (C), by 
                                striking ``section 44903(c)'' and 
                                inserting ``subsection (c)''; and
                                    (III) in subparagraph (E), by 
                                striking ``, not later than March 31, 
                                2005,'';
                            (iii) in paragraph (5), by striking 
                        ``Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security 
                        (Transportation Security Administration)'' and 
                        inserting ``Administrator'';
                            (iv) in paragraph (6)(A)--
                                    (I) in the matter preceding clause 
                                (i), by striking ``Not later than 18 
                                months after the date of enactment of 
                                the Implementing Recommendations of the 
                                9/11 Commission Act of 2007, the'' and 
                                inserting ``The''; and
                                    (II) in clause (i), by striking 
                                ``section'' and inserting 
                                ``paragraph''; and
                            (v) in paragraph (6)(C), by striking 
                        ``Secretary'' and inserting ``Secretary of 
                        Homeland Security'';
                    (E) in subsection (i)(3), by striking ``, after the 
                date of enactment of this paragraph,'';
                    (F) in subsection (j)--
                            (i) by amending paragraph (1) to read as 
                        follows:
            ``(1) In general.--The Administrator shall periodically 
        recommend to airport operators commercially available measures 
        or procedures to prevent access to secure airport areas by 
        unauthorized persons.'';
                            (ii) in paragraph (2)--
                                    (I) in the heading, by striking 
                                ``Computer-assisted passenger 
                                prescreening system'' and inserting 
                                ``Secure flight program'';
                                    (II) in subparagraph (A)--
                                            (aa) by striking 
                                        ``Computer-Assisted Passenger 
                                        Prescreening System'' and 
                                        inserting ``Secure Flight 
                                        program'';
                                            (bb) by striking 
                                        ``Secretary of Transportation'' 
                                        and inserting 
                                        ``Administrator''; and
                                            (cc) by striking ``system'' 
                                        each place it appears and 
                                        inserting ``program'';
                                    (III) in subparagraph (B)--
                                            (aa) by striking 
                                        ``Computer-Assisted Passenger 
                                        Prescreening System'' and 
                                        inserting ``Secure Flight 
                                        program'';
                                            (bb) by striking 
                                        ``Secretary of Transportation'' 
                                        and inserting 
                                        ``Administrator''; and
                                            (cc) by striking 
                                        ``Secretary'' and inserting 
                                        ``Administrator'';
                                    (IV) in subparagraph (C)--
                                            (aa) in clause (i), by 
                                        striking ``Not later than 
                                        January 1, 2005, the Assistant 
                                        Secretary of Homeland Security 
                                        (Transportation Security 
                                        Administration), or the 
                                        designee of the Assistant 
                                        Secretary,'' and inserting 
                                        ``The Administrator'';
                                            (bb) in clause (ii), by 
                                        striking ``Not later than 180 
                                        days after completion of 
                                        testing under clause (i), the'' 
                                        and inserting ``The''; and
                                            (cc) in clause (iv), by 
                                        striking ``Not later than 180 
                                        days after'' and inserting 
                                        ``After'';
                                    (V) in subparagraph (D), by 
                                striking ``Assistant Secretary of 
                                Homeland Security (Transportation 
                                Security Administration)'' and 
                                inserting ``Administrator'';
                                    (VI) in subparagraph (E)(i), by 
                                striking ``Not later than 90 days after 
                                the date on which the Assistant 
                                Secretary assumes the performance of 
                                the advanced passenger prescreening 
                                function under subparagraph (C)(ii), 
                                the'' and inserting ``The 
                                Administrator''; and
                                    (VII) by striking ``Assistant 
                                Secretary'' each place it appears and 
                                inserting ``Administrator'';
                    (G) in subsection (l), by striking ``Under 
                Secretary for Border and Transportation Security of the 
                Department of Homeland Security'' and inserting 
                ``Administrator'';
                    (H) in subsection (m)--
                            (i) in paragraph (1), by striking 
                        ``Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security 
                        (Transportation Security Administration)'' and 
                        inserting ``Administrator''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``Assistant Secretary'' 
                        each place it appears and inserting 
                        ``Administrator''; and
                    (I) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it 
                appears and inserting ``Administrator'';
            (4) section 44904 is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a), by striking ``Under 
                Secretary of Transportation for Security'' and 
                inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation 
                Security Administration'';
                    (B) in subsection (c)--
                            (i) by striking ``section 114(t)(3)'' and 
                        inserting ``section 114(s)(3)''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``section 114(t)'' and 
                        inserting ``section 114(s)'';
                    (C) in subsection (d)--
                            (i) by striking ``Not later than 90 days 
                        after the date of the submission of the 
                        National Strategy for Transportation Security 
                        under section 114(t)(4)(A), the Assistant 
                        Secretary of Homeland Security (Transportation 
                        Security Administration)'' and inserting ``The 
                        Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                        Administration''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``section 114(t)(1)'' and 
                        inserting ``section 114(s)(1)''; and
                    (D) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it 
                appears and inserting ``Administrator of the 
                Transportation Security Administration'';
            (5) section 44905 is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a)--
                            (i) by striking ``Secretary of 
                        Transportation'' and inserting ``Administrator 
                        of the Transportation Security 
                        Administration''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``Secretary.'' and 
                        inserting ``Administrator.'';
                    (B) in subsection (b), by striking ``Under 
                Secretary of Transportation for Security'' and 
                inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation 
                Security Administration''; and
                    (C) in subsections (c), (d), and (f), by striking 
                ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears and inserting 
                ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                Administration'';
            (6) section 44906 is amended--
                    (A) by striking ``Under Secretary of Transportation 
                for Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of the 
                Transportation Security Administration''; and
                    (B) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it 
                appears and inserting ``Administrator'';
            (7) section 44908 is amended--
                    (A) by striking ``Secretary of Transportation'' 
                each place it appears and inserting ``Administrator of 
                the Transportation Security Administration'';
                    (B) in subsection (a), by striking ``safety or''; 
                and
                    (C) in subsection (c), by striking ``The 
                Secretary'' and inserting ``The Administrator'';
            (8) section 44909 is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a)(1), by striking ``Not later 
                than March 16, 1991, the'' and inserting ``The''; and
                    (B) in subsection (c)--
                            (i) in paragraph (1), by striking ``Not 
                        later than 60 days after the date of enactment 
                        of the Aviation and Transportation Security 
                        Act, each'' and inserting ``Each'';
                            (ii) in paragraphs (2)(F) and (5), by 
                        striking ``Under Secretary'' and inserting 
                        ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                        Administration''; and
                            (iii) in paragraph (6)--
                                    (I) in subparagraph (A), by 
                                striking ``Not later than 60 days after 
                                date of enactment of this paragraph, 
                                the'' and inserting ``The''; and
                                    (II) in subparagraph (B)(ii)--
                                            (aa) by striking ``the 
                                        Secretary will'' and inserting 
                                        ``the Secretary of Homeland 
                                        Security will''; and
                                            (bb) by striking ``the 
                                        Secretary to'' and inserting 
                                        ``the Secretary of Homeland 
                                        Security to'';
            (9) section 44911 is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (b), by striking ``Under 
                Secretary of Transportation for Security'' and 
                inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation 
                Security Administration'';
                    (B) in subsection (d), by striking ``request of the 
                Secretary'' and inserting ``request of the Secretary of 
                Homeland Security''; and
                    (C) in subsection (e)--
                            (i) by striking ``Secretary, and the Under 
                        Secretary'' and inserting ``Secretary of 
                        Homeland Security, and the Administrator of the 
                        Transportation Security Administration''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``intelligence community 
                        and the Under Secretary'' and inserting 
                        ``intelligence community and the Administrator 
                        of the Transportation Security 
                        Administration'';
            (10) section 44912 is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a)--
                            (i) in paragraph (1)--
                                    (I) by striking ``Under Secretary 
                                of Transportation for Security'' and 
                                inserting ``Administrator''; and
                                    (II) by striking ``, not later than 
                                November 16, 1993,''; and
                            (ii) in paragraph (4)(C), by striking 
                        ``Research, Engineering and Development 
                        Advisory Committee'' and inserting 
                        ``Administrator'';
                    (B) in subsection (c)--
                            (i) in paragraph (1), by striking ``, as a 
                        subcommittee of the Research, Engineering, and 
                        Development Advisory Committee,''; and
                            (ii) in paragraph (4), by striking ``Not 
                        later than 90 days after the date of the 
                        enactment of the Aviation and Transportation 
                        Security Act, and every two years thereafter,'' 
                        and inserting ``Biennially,'';
                    (C) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it 
                appears and inserting ``Administrator''; and
                    (D) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(d) Security and Research and Development Activities.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Administrator shall conduct research 
        (including behavioral research) and development activities 
        appropriate to develop, modify, test, and evaluate a system, 
        procedure, facility, or device to protect passengers and 
        property against acts of criminal violence, aircraft piracy, 
        and terrorism and to ensure security.
            ``(2) Disclosure.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Notwithstanding section 552 of 
                title 5, the Administrator shall prescribe regulations 
                prohibiting disclosure of information obtained or 
                developed in ensuring security under this title if the 
                Secretary of Homeland Security decides disclosing the 
                information would--
                            ``(i) be an unwarranted invasion of 
                        personal privacy;
                            ``(ii) reveal a trade secret or privileged 
                        or confidential commercial or financial 
                        information; or
                            ``(iii) be detrimental to transportation 
                        safety.
                    ``(B) Information to congress.--Subparagraph (A) 
                does not authorize information to be withheld from a 
                committee of Congress authorized to have the 
                information.
                    ``(C) Rule of construction.--Nothing in 
                subparagraph (A) shall be construed to authorize the 
                designation of information as sensitive security 
                information (as defined in section 15.5 of title 49, 
                Code of Federal Regulations)--
                            ``(i) to conceal a violation of law, 
                        inefficiency, or administrative error;
                            ``(ii) to prevent embarrassment to a 
                        person, organization, or agency;
                            ``(iii) to restrain competition; or
                            ``(iv) to prevent or delay the release of 
                        information that does not require protection in 
                        the interest of transportation security, 
                        including basic scientific research information 
                        not clearly related to transportation security.
                    ``(D) Privacy act.--Section 552a of title 5 shall 
                not apply to disclosures that the Administrator of the 
                Transportation Security Administration may make from 
                the systems of records of the Transportation Security 
                Administration to any Federal law enforcement, 
                intelligence, protective service, immigration, or 
                national security official in order to assist the 
                official receiving the information in the performance 
                of official duties.
            ``(3) Transfers of duties and powers prohibited.--Except as 
        otherwise provided by law, the Administrator may not transfer a 
        duty or power under this section to another department, agency, 
        or instrumentality of the United States Government.
    ``(e) Definition of Administrator.--In this section, the term 
`Administrator' means the Administrator of the Transportation Security 
Administration.'';
            (11) section 44913 is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a)--
                            (i) in paragraph (1), by striking ``Under 
                        Secretary of Transportation for Security'' and 
                        inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation 
                        Security Administration (referred to in this 
                        section as `the Administrator')'';
                            (ii) by striking paragraph (2);
                            (iii) by redesignating paragraphs (3) and 
                        (4) as paragraphs (2) and (3), respectively; 
                        and
                            (iv) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each 
                        place it appears and inserting 
                        ``Administrator''; and
                    (B) in subsection (b), by striking ``Secretary of 
                Transportation'' and inserting ``Administrator'';
            (12) section 44914 is amended--
                    (A) by striking ``Under Secretary of Transportation 
                for Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of the 
                Transportation Security Administration'';
                    (B) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it 
                appears and inserting ``Administrator''; and
                    (C) by inserting ``the Department of 
                Transportation,'' before ``air carriers, airport 
                authorities, and others'';
            (13) section 44915 is amended by striking ``Under Secretary 
        of Transportation for Security'' and inserting ``Administrator 
        of the Transportation Security Administration'';
            (14) section 44916 is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a), by striking ``Under 
                Secretary of Transportation for Security'' and 
                inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation 
                Security Administration''; and
                    (B) in subsection (b)--
                            (i) by striking ``Under Secretary'' the 
                        first place it appears and inserting 
                        ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                        Administration''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``Under Secretary'' the 
                        second place it appears and inserting 
                        ``Administrator'';
            (15) section 44917 is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), 
                        by striking ``Under Secretary of Transportation 
                        for Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of 
                        the Transportation Security Administration''; 
                        and
                            (ii) in paragraph (2), by striking ``by the 
                        Secretary'' and inserting ``by the 
                        Administrator'';
                    (B) in subsection (d)--
                            (i) in paragraph (1), by striking 
                        ``Assistant Secretary for Immigration and 
                        Customs Enforcement of the Department of 
                        Homeland Security'' and inserting 
                        ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                        Administration''; and
                            (ii) in paragraph (3), by striking 
                        ``Assistant Secretary'' each place it appears 
                        and inserting ``Administrator of the 
                        Transportation Security Administration'';
            (16) section 44918 is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a)--
                            (i) in paragraph (2)(E), by striking 
                        ``Under Secretary for Border and Transportation 
                        Security of the Department of Homeland 
                        Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of the 
                        Transportation Security Administration'';
                            (ii) in paragraph (4), by striking ``Not 
                        later than one year after the date of enactment 
                        of the Vision 100--Century of Aviation 
                        Reauthorization Act, the'' and inserting 
                        ``The''; and
                            (iii) in paragraph (5), by striking ``the 
                        date of enactment of the Vision 100--Century of 
                        Aviation Reauthorization Act'' and inserting 
                        ``December 12, 2003,'';
                    (B) in subsection (b)--
                            (i) in paragraph (1), by striking ``Not 
                        later than one year after the date of enactment 
                        of the Vision 100--Century of Aviation 
                        Reauthorization Act, the'' and inserting 
                        ``The''; and
                            (ii) in paragraph (6), by striking 
                        ``Federal Air Marshals Service'' and inserting 
                        ``Federal Air Marshal Service''; and
                    (C) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it 
                appears and inserting ``Administrator of the 
                Transportation Security Administration'';
            (17) section 44920 is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (g)(1), by striking ``subsection 
                (a) or section 44919'' and inserting ``subsection 
                (a)''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(i) Definition of Administrator.--In this section, the term 
`Administrator' means the Administrator of the Transportation Security 
Administration.'';
            (18) section 44922 is amended--
                    (A) in the heading, by striking ``Deputation'' and 
                inserting ``Deputization'';
                    (B) in subsection (a)--
                            (i) in the heading, by striking 
                        ``Deputation'' and inserting ``Deputization''; 
                        and
                            (ii) by striking ``Under Secretary of 
                        Transportation for Security'' and inserting 
                        ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                        Administration'';
                    (C) in subsection (e), by striking ``deputation'' 
                and inserting ``deputization''; and
                    (D) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it 
                appears and inserting ``Administrator of the 
                Transportation Security Administration'';
            (19) section 44923 is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a), by striking ``Under 
                Secretary for Border and Transportation Security of the 
                Department of Homeland Security'' and inserting 
                ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                Administration'';
                    (B) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it 
                appears and inserting ``Administrator of the 
                Transportation Security Administration'';
                    (C) in subsection (e)--
                            (i) by striking paragraph (2); and
                            (ii) by striking ``(1) In general.--''; and
                    (D) by striking subsection (j);
            (20) section 44924 is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a)--
                            (i) by striking ``Under Secretary for 
                        Border and Transportation Security of the 
                        Department of Homeland Security'' and inserting 
                        ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                        Administration''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``Administrator under'' 
                        and inserting ``Administrator of the Federal 
                        Aviation Administration under'';
                    (B) in subsections (b), (c), (d), (e), and (f), by 
                striking ``Administrator'' and inserting 
                ``Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
                Administration'';
                    (C) in subsection (f), by striking ``Not later than 
                240 days after the date of enactment of this section, 
                the'' and inserting ``The''; and
                    (D) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it 
                appears and inserting ``Administrator of the 
                Transportation Security Administration'';
            (21) section 44925 is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (b)(1), by striking ``Not later 
                than 90 days after the date of enactment of this 
                section, the Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security 
                (Transportation Security Administration)'' and 
                inserting ``The Administrator of the Transportation 
                Security Administration'';
                    (B) in subsection (b), by striking paragraph (3); 
                and
                    (C) in subsection (d), by striking ``Assistant 
                Secretary'' each place it appears and inserting 
                ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                Administration'';
            (22) section 44926(b)(3) is amended by striking ``an 
        misidentified passenger'' and inserting ``a misidentified 
        passenger'';
            (23) section 44927 is amended--
                    (A) by striking ``Assistant Secretary'' each place 
                it appears and inserting ``Administrator of the 
                Transportation Security Administration'';
                    (B) in subsection (a), by striking ``Veteran 
                Affairs'' and inserting ``Veterans Affairs''; and
                    (C) in subsection (f)--
                            (i) in the heading, by striking ``Report'' 
                        and inserting ``Reports''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``Not later than 1 year 
                        after the date of enactment of this section, 
                        and annually thereafter,'' and inserting ``Each 
                        year,'';
            (24) section 44933 is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a)--
                            (i) by striking ``Under Secretary of 
                        Transportation for Security'' and inserting 
                        ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                        Administration'';
                            (ii) by striking ``Federal Security 
                        Manager'' and inserting ``Federal Security 
                        Director''; and
                            (iii) by striking ``Managers'' each place 
                        it appears and inserting ``Federal Security 
                        Directors'';
                    (B) in subsection (b), by striking ``Manager'' and 
                inserting ``Federal Security Director''; and
                    (C) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it 
                appears and inserting ``Administrator of the 
                Transportation Security Administration'';
            (25) section 44934 is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a)--
                            (i) by striking ``Under Secretary of 
                        Transportation for Security'' and inserting 
                        ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                        Administration'';
                            (ii) by striking ``airports. In 
                        coordination with the Secretary'' and inserting 
                        ``airports. In coordination with the Secretary 
                        of State'';
                            (iii) by striking ``The Secretary shall 
                        give high priority'' and inserting ``The 
                        Secretary of State shall give high priority''; 
                        and
                            (iv) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each 
                        place it appears and inserting 
                        ``Administrator''; and
                    (B) in subsection (b)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), 
                        by striking ``Under Secretary'' and inserting 
                        ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                        Administration''; and
                            (ii) in paragraph (1), by striking ``Under 
                        Secretary'' and inserting ``Administrator''; 
                        and
                    (C) in subsection (c), by striking ``the Secretary 
                and the chief'' and inserting ``the Secretary of State 
                and the chief'';
            (26) section 44935 is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a), by striking ``Under 
                Secretary of Transportation for Security'' and 
                inserting ``Administrator'';
                    (B) in subsection (e)--
                            (i) in paragraph (1), by striking ``Under 
                        Secretary of Transportation for Security'' and 
                        inserting ``Administrator''; and
                            (ii) in paragraph (2)(A)--
                                    (I) in the matter preceding clause 
                                (i)--
                                            (aa) by striking ``Within 
                                        30 days after the date of 
                                        enactment of the Aviation and 
                                        Transportation Security Act, 
                                        the'' and inserting ``The''; 
                                        and
                                            (bb) by inserting ``other'' 
                                        before ``provision of law''; 
                                        and
                                    (II) in clause (ii), by striking 
                                ``section 1102(a)(22)'' and inserting 
                                ``section 101(a)(22)'';
                    (C) in subsection (f)(1), by inserting ``other'' 
                before ``provision of law'';
                    (D) in subsection (g)(2), by striking ``Within 60 
                days after the date of enactment of the Aviation and 
                Transportation Security Act, the'' and inserting 
                ``The'';
                    (E) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it 
                appears and inserting ``Administrator''; and
                    (F) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(l) Definition of Administrator.--In this section, the term 
`Administrator' means the Administrator of the Transportation Security 
Administration.'';
            (27) section 44936 is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a)--
                            (i) by striking ``Under Secretary of 
                        Transportation for Security'' each place it 
                        appears and inserting ``Administrator'';
                            (ii) in paragraph (1)--
                                    (I) in subparagraph (A), by 
                                striking ``,,'' and inserting a comma; 
                                and
                                    (II) by striking subparagraph (C); 
                                and
                            (iii) by redesignating subparagraph (D) as 
                        subparagraph (C);
                    (B) in subsection (c)(1), by striking ``Under 
                Secretary's'' and inserting ``Administrator's'';
                    (C) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it 
                appears and inserting ``Administrator''; and
                    (D) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(f) Definition of Administrator.--In this section, the term 
`Administrator' means the Administrator of the Transportation Security 
Administration.'';
            (28) section 44937 is amended by striking ``Under Secretary 
        of Transportation for Security'' and inserting ``Administrator 
        of the Transportation Security Administration'';
            (29) section 44938 is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a)--
                            (i) by striking ``Under Secretary of 
                        Transportation for Security'' and inserting 
                        ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                        Administration''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``Secretary of 
                        Transportation'' and inserting ``Secretary of 
                        Homeland Security''; and
                    (B) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it 
                appears and inserting ``Administrator of the 
                Transportation Security Administration'';
            (30) section 44939(d) is amended by striking ``Not later 
        than 60 days after the date of enactment of this section, the 
        Secretary'' and inserting ``The Secretary of Homeland 
        Security'';
            (31) section 44940 is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a)--
                            (i) in paragraph (1)--
                                    (I) by striking ``Under Secretary 
                                of Transportation for Security'' and 
                                inserting ``Administrator of the 
                                Transportation Security 
                                Administration''; and
                                    (II) by striking the last two 
                                sentences; and
                            (ii) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) Determination of costs.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The amount of the costs under 
                paragraph (1) shall be determined by the Administrator 
                of the Transportation Security Administration and shall 
                not be subject to judicial review.
                    ``(B) Definition of federal law enforcement 
                personnel.--For purposes of paragraph (1)(A), the term 
                `Federal law enforcement personnel' includes State and 
                local law enforcement officers who are deputized under 
                section 44922.'';
                    (B) in subsections (b), (d), (e), (g), and (h), by 
                striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears and 
                inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation 
                Security Administration'';
                    (C) in subsection (d)--
                            (i) in paragraph (1)--
                                    (I) by striking ``within 60 days of 
                                the date of enactment of this Act, 
                                or''; and
                                    (II) by striking ``thereafter''; 
                                and
                            (ii) in paragraph (2), by striking 
                        ``subsection (d)'' each place it appears and 
                        inserting ``paragraph (1) of this subsection'';
                    (D) in subsection (e)(1), by striking ``Fees 
                payable to under secretary'' in the heading and 
                inserting ``Fees payable to administrator''; and
                    (E) in subsection (i)(4)--
                            (i) by striking subparagraphs (A) through 
                        (D); and
                            (ii) by redesignating subparagraphs (E) 
                        through (L) as subparagraphs (A) through (H), 
                        respectively;
            (32) section 44941(a) is amended by inserting ``the 
        Department of Homeland Security,'' after ``Department of 
        Transportation,'';
            (33) section 44942 is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a)--
                            (i) in paragraph (1)--
                                    (I) in the matter preceding 
                                subparagraph (A), by striking ``Within 
                                180 days after the date of enactment of 
                                the Aviation and Transportation 
                                Security Act, the Under Secretary for 
                                Transportation Security may, in 
                                consultation with'' and inserting ``The 
                                Administrator of the Transportation 
                                Security Administration may, in 
                                consultation with other relevant 
                                Federal agencies and''; and
                                    (II) in subparagraph (A), by 
                                striking ``, and'' and inserting ``; 
                                and''; and
                            (ii) in paragraph (2), by inserting a comma 
                        after ``Federal Aviation Administration'';
                    (B) in subsection (b)--
                            (i) by striking ``(1) Performance plan and 
                        report.--'';
                            (ii) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) and 
                        (B) as paragraphs (1) and (2), respectively;
                            (iii) in paragraph (1), as redesignated--
                                    (I) by redesignating clauses (i) 
                                and (ii) as subparagraphs (A) and (B), 
                                respectively;
                                    (II) in subparagraph (A), as 
                                redesignated, by striking ``the 
                                Secretary and the Under Secretary for 
                                Transportation Security shall agree'' 
                                and inserting ``the Secretary of 
                                Homeland Security and the Administrator 
                                of the Transportation Security 
                                Administration shall agree''; and
                                    (III) in subparagraph (B), as 
                                redesignated, by striking ``the 
                                Secretary, the Under Secretary for 
                                Transportation Security'' and inserting 
                                ``the Secretary of Homeland Security, 
                                the Administrator of the Transportation 
                                Security Administration,''; and
                            (iv) in paragraph (2), as redesignated, by 
                        striking ``Under Secretary for Transportation 
                        Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of the 
                        Transportation Security Administration'';
            (34) section 44943 is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a), by striking ``Under 
                Secretary for Transportation Security'' and inserting 
                ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                Administration'';
                    (B) in subsection (b)--
                            (i) in paragraph (1)--
                                    (I) by striking ``Secretary and 
                                Under Secretary of Transportation for 
                                Security'' and inserting ``Secretary of 
                                Homeland Security and Administrator of 
                                the Transportation Security 
                                Administration''; and
                                    (II) by striking ``Under 
                                Secretary'' and inserting 
                                ``Administrator of the Transportation 
                                Security Administration''; and
                            (ii) in paragraph (2)--
                                    (I) by striking ``Under Secretary'' 
                                the first place it appears and 
                                inserting ``Administrator of the 
                                Transportation Security 
                                Administration''; and
                                    (II) by striking ``Under Secretary 
                                shall'' each place it appears and 
                                inserting ``Administrator shall''; and
                    (C) in subsection (c), by striking ``Aviation 
                Security Act, the Under Secretary for Transportation 
                Security'' and inserting ``Aviation and Transportation 
                Security Act (Public Law 107-71; 115 Stat. 597), the 
                Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                Administration'';
            (35) section 44944 is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a)--
                            (i) in paragraph (1), by striking ``Under 
                        Secretary of Transportation for Transportation 
                        Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of the 
                        Transportation Security Administration''; and
                            (ii) in paragraph (4), by inserting ``the 
                        Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
                        Administration,'' after ``consult with''; and
                    (B) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it 
                appears and inserting ``Administrator of the 
                Transportation Security Administration'';
            (36) section 44945(b) is amended by striking ``Assistant 
        Secretary'' each place it appears and inserting ``Administrator 
        of the Transportation Security Administration''; and
            (37) section 44946 is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (g)--
                            (i) by striking paragraph (2);
                            (ii) by redesignating paragraph (1) as 
                        paragraph (2); and
                            (iii) by inserting before paragraph (2), as 
                        redesignated, the following:
            ``(1) Administrator.--The term `Administrator' means the 
        Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration.'';
                    (B) by striking ``Assistant Secretary'' each place 
                it appears and inserting ``Administrator'';
                    (C) in subsection (b)(4)--
                            (i) by striking ``the Secretary receives'' 
                        and inserting ``the Administrator receives''; 
                        and
                            (ii) by striking ``the Secretary shall'' 
                        and inserting ``the Administrator shall''; and
                    (D) in subsection (c)(1)(A), by striking ``Not 
                later than 180 days after the date of enactment of the 
                Aviation Security Stakeholder Participation Act of 
                2014, the'' and inserting ``The''.
    (e) Chapter 451 Amendments.--Section 45107 is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``Under Secretary of 
        Transportation for Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of 
        the Transportation Security Administration''; and
            (2) in subsection (b), by striking the second sentence.
    (f) Chapter 461 Amendments.--Chapter 461 is amended--
            (1) in each of sections 46101(a)(1), 46102(a), 46103(a), 
        46104(a), 46105(a), 46106, 46107(b), and 46110(a) by striking 
        ``Under Secretary of Transportation for Security with respect 
        to security duties and powers designated to be carried out by 
        the Under Secretary'' and inserting ``Administrator of the 
        Transportation Security Administration with respect to security 
        duties and powers designated to be carried out by the 
        Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration'';
            (2) in each of sections 46101, 46102(c), 46103, 46104, 
        46105, 46107, and 46110 by striking ``or Administrator'' each 
        place it appears and inserting ``or Administrator of the 
        Federal Aviation Administration'';
            (3) in each of sections 46101(a)(1), 46102(a) 46103(a), 
        46104(a), 46105(a), 46106, 46107(b), and 46110(a) by striking 
        ``by the Administrator)'' and inserting ``by the Administrator 
        of the Federal Aviation Administration)'';
            (4) in each of sections 46101, 46102, 46103, 46104, 46105, 
        46107, and 46110 by striking ``Under Secretary,'' each place it 
        appears and inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation 
        Security Administration,'';
            (5) in section 46102--
                    (A) in subsection (b), by striking ``the 
                Administrator'' each place it appears and inserting 
                ``the Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
                Administration'';
                    (B) in subsection (c), by striking ``and 
                Administrator'' each place it appears and inserting 
                ``and Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
                Administration''; and
                    (C) in subsection (d), by striking ``the 
                Administrator, or an officer or employee of the 
                Administration'' in subsection (d) and inserting ``the 
                Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration, 
                or an officer or employee of the Federal Aviation 
                Administration'';
            (6) in section 46104--
                    (A) by striking ``subpena'' each place it appears 
                and inserting ``subpoena''; and
                    (B) in subsection (b)--
                            (i) in the heading, by striking 
                        ``Subpenas'' and inserting ``Subpoenas''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``the Administrator, or'' 
                        and inserting ``the Administrator of the 
                        Federal Aviation Administration, or'';
            (7) in section 46105(c), by striking ``When the 
        Administrator'' and inserting ``When the Administrator of the 
        Federal Aviation Administration'';
            (8) in section 46109, by inserting ``(or the Administrator 
        of the Transportation Security Administration with respect to 
        security duties and powers designated to be carried out by the 
        Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration or 
        the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration with 
        respect to aviation safety duties and powers designated to be 
        carried out by the Administrator)'' after ``Secretary of 
        Transportation''; and
            (9) in section 46111--
                    (A) in subsection (a)--
                            (i) by inserting ``the'' before ``Federal 
                        Aviation Administration'';
                            (ii) by striking ``Administrator is'' and 
                        inserting ``Administrator of the Federal 
                        Aviation Administration is''; and
                            (iii) by striking ``Under Secretary for 
                        Border and Transportation Security of the 
                        Department of Homeland Security'' and inserting 
                        ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                        Administration'';
                    (B) in subsections (b), (c), (e), and (g), by 
                striking ``Administrator'' each place it appears and 
                inserting ``Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
                Administration'';
                    (C) in subsection (g)(2)(A), by striking ``(18 
                U.S.C. App.)'' and inserting ``(18 U.S.C. App.))''; and
                    (D) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it 
                appears and inserting ``Administrator of the 
                Transportation Security Administration''.
    (g) Chapter 463 Amendments.--Chapter 463 is amended--
            (1) in section 46301--
                    (A) in subsection (a)(5)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A)(i), by striking 
                        ``or chapter 451'' and inserting ``chapter 
                        451''; and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (D), by inserting ``of 
                        Transportation'' after ``Secretary'';
                    (B) in subsection (d)--
                            (i) in paragraph (2)--
                                    (I) by striking ``defined by the 
                                Secretary'' and inserting ``defined by 
                                the Secretary of Transportation''; and
                                    (II) by striking ``Administrator 
                                shall'' and inserting ``Administrator 
                                of the Federal Aviation Administration 
                                shall'';
                            (ii) in paragraphs (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), 
                        and (8), by striking ``Administrator'' each 
                        place it appears and inserting ``Administrator 
                        of the Federal Aviation Administration''; and
                            (iii) in paragraph (8), by striking ``Under 
                        Secretary'' and inserting ``Administrator of 
                        the Transportation Security Administration'';
                    (C) in subsection (e), by inserting ``of 
                Transportation'' after ``Secretary'';
                    (D) in subsection (g), by striking 
                ``Administrator'' and inserting ``Administrator of the 
                Federal Aviation Administration''; and
                    (E) in subsection (h)(2)--
                            (i) by striking ``Under Secretary of 
                        Transportation for Security with respect to 
                        security duties and powers designated to be 
                        carried out by the Under Secretary'' and 
                        inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation 
                        Security Administration with respect to 
                        security duties and powers designated to be 
                        carried out by the Administrator of the 
                        Transportation Security Administration''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``or the Administrator 
                        with respect to aviation safety duties and 
                        powers designated to be carried out by the 
                        Administrator'' and inserting ``or the 
                        Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
                        Administration with respect to aviation safety 
                        duties and powers designated to be carried out 
                        by the Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
                        Administration'';
            (2) in section 46304(b), by striking ``or the Administrator 
        of the Federal Aviation Administration with respect to aviation 
        safety duties and powers designated to be carried out by the 
        Administrator'' and inserting ``or the Administrator of the 
        Federal Aviation Administration with respect to aviation safety 
        duties and powers designated to be carried out by the 
        Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration'';
            (3) in section 46311--
                    (A) in subsection (a)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding paragraph (1)--
                                    (I) by striking ``Under Secretary 
                                of Transportation for Security with 
                                respect to security duties and powers 
                                designated to be carried out by the 
                                Under Secretary'' and inserting 
                                ``Administrator of the Transportation 
                                Security Administration with respect to 
                                security duties and powers designated 
                                to be carried out by the Administrator 
                                of the Transportation Security 
                                Administration'';
                                    (II) by striking ``the 
                                Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
                                Administration with respect to aviation 
                                safety duties and powers designated to 
                                be carried out by the Administrator'' 
                                and inserting ``or the Administrator of 
                                the Federal Aviation Administration 
                                with respect to aviation safety duties 
                                and powers designated to be carried out 
                                by the Administrator of the Federal 
                                Aviation Administration'';
                                    (III) by striking ``Administrator 
                                shall'' and inserting ``Administrator 
                                of the Federal Aviation Administration 
                                shall''; and
                                    (IV) by striking ``Administrator,'' 
                                and inserting ``Administrator of the 
                                Federal Aviation Administration,''; and
                            (ii) in paragraph (1), by striking 
                        ``Administrator'' and inserting ``Administrator 
                        of the Federal Aviation Administration'';
                    (B) in subsections (b) and (c), by striking 
                ``Administrator'' each place it appears and inserting 
                ``Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
                Administration''; and
                    (C) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it 
                appears and inserting ``Administrator of the 
                Transportation Security Administration'';
            (4) in section 46313--
                    (A) by striking ``Under Secretary of Transportation 
                for Security with respect to security duties and powers 
                designated to be carried out by the Under Secretary'' 
                and inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation 
                Security Administration with respect to security duties 
                and powers designated to be carried out by the 
                Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                Administration'';
                    (B) by striking ``or the Administrator of the 
                Federal Aviation Administration with respect to 
                aviation safety duties and powers designated to be 
                carried out by the Administrator'' and inserting ``or 
                the Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
                Administration with respect to aviation safety duties 
                and powers designated to be carried out by the 
                Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration''; 
                and
                    (C) by striking ``subpena'' and inserting 
                ``subpoena''; and
            (5) in section 46316(a)--
                    (A) by striking ``Under Secretary of Transportation 
                for Security with respect to security duties and powers 
                designated to be carried out by the Under Secretary'' 
                and inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation 
                Security Administration with respect to security duties 
                and powers designated to be carried out by the 
                Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                Administration''; and
                    (B) by striking ``or the Administrator of the 
                Federal Aviation Administration with respect to 
                aviation safety duties and powers designated to be 
                carried out by the Administrator'' and inserting ``or 
                the Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
                Administration with respect to aviation safety duties 
                and powers designated to be carried out by the 
                Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration''.
    (h) Chapter 465 Amendments.--Chapter 465 is amended--
            (1) in section 46505(d)(2), by striking ``Under Secretary 
        of Transportation for Security'' and inserting ``Administrator 
        of the Transportation Security Administration''; and
            (2) in the table of contents for chapter 465 of subtitle 
        VII, by striking the following:

``46503. Repealed.''.
    (i) Chapter 483 Repeal.--
            (1) In general.--Chapter 483 is repealed.
            (2) Conforming amendment.--The table of contents for 
        subtitle VII is amended by striking the following:

``483. Aviation security funding............................   48301''.
    (j) Authority To Exempt.--
            (1) In general.--Subchapter II of chapter 449 is amended by 
        inserting before section 44933 the following:
``Sec. 44931. Authority to exempt
    ``The Secretary of Homeland Security may grant an exemption from a 
regulation prescribed in carrying out sections 44901, 44903, 44906, 
44909(c), and 44935-44937 of this title when the Secretary decides the 
exemption is in the public interest.
``Sec. 44932. Administrative
    ``(a) General Authority.--The Secretary of Homeland Security or the 
Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration may take 
action the Secretary or the Administrator considers necessary to carry 
out this chapter and chapters 461, 463, and 465 of this title, 
including conducting investigations, prescribing regulations, 
standards, and procedures, and issuing orders.
    ``(b) Indemnification.--The Administrator of the Transportation 
Security Administration may indemnify an officer or employee of the 
Transportation Security Administration against a claim or judgment 
arising out of an act that the Administrator decides was committed 
within the scope of the official duties of the officer or employee.''.
            (2) Table of contents.--The table of contents of chapter 
        449 is amended by inserting before the item relating to section 
        44933 the following:

``44931. Authority to exempt.
``44932. Administrative.''.

SEC. 1992. TABLE OF CONTENTS OF CHAPTER 449.

    The table of contents of chapter 449 is amended--
            (1) in the item relating to section 44922, by striking 
        ``Deputation'' and inserting ``Deputization''; and
            (2) by inserting after section 44941 the following:

``44942. Performance goals and objectives.
``44943. Performance management system.''.

SEC. 1993. OTHER LAWS; INTELLIGENCE REFORM AND TERRORISM PREVENTION ACT 
              OF 2004.

    Section 4016(c) of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention 
Act of 2004 (49 U.S.C. 44917 note) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``Assistant Secretary for 
        Immigration and Customs Enforcement'' and inserting 
        ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
        Administration''; and
            (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``Assistant Secretary for 
        Immigration and Customs Enforcement and the Director of Federal 
        Air Marshal Service of the Department of Homeland Security, in 
        coordination with the Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security 
        (Transportation Security Administration),'' and inserting 
        ``Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration 
        and the Director of Federal Air Marshal Service of the 
        Department of Homeland Security''.

SEC. 1994. SAVINGS PROVISIONS.

    References relating to the Under Secretary of Transportation for 
Security in statutes, Executive orders, rules, regulations, directives, 
or delegations of authority that precede the effective date of this Act 
shall be deemed to refer, as appropriate, to the Administrator of the 
Transportation Security Administration.

            Attest:

                                                                 Clerk.
115th CONGRESS

  2d Session

                                H.R. 302

_______________________________________________________________________

                  HOUSE AMENDMENT TO SENATE AMENDMENT