[Congressional Bills 114th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 3346 Reported in Senate (RS)]

<DOC>





                                                       Calendar No. 696
114th CONGRESS
  2d Session
                                S. 3346

                          [Report No. 114-390]

    To authorize the programs of the National Aeronautics and Space 
                Administration, and for other purposes.


_______________________________________________________________________


                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                           September 15, 2016

 Mr. Cruz (for himself, Mr. Nelson, Mr. Rubio, Mr. Peters, Mr. Wicker, 
  Mr. Udall, Ms. Cantwell, Mr. Thune, and Mrs. Murray) introduced the 
 following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on 
                 Commerce, Science, and Transportation

                            December 5, 2016

                Reported by Mr. Thune, with an amendment
 [Strike out all after the enacting clause and insert the part printed 
                               in italic]

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
    To authorize the programs of the National Aeronautics and Space 
                Administration, and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

<DELETED>SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``National 
Aeronautics and Space Administration Transition Authorization Act of 
2016''.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents of this Act 
is as follows:</DELETED>

<DELETED>Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
<DELETED>Sec. 2. Definitions.
           <DELETED>TITLE I--AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS

<DELETED>Sec. 101. Fiscal year 2017.
        <DELETED>TITLE II--SUSTAINING NATIONAL SPACE COMMITMENTS

<DELETED>Sec. 201. Sense of Congress on sustaining national space 
                            commitments.
<DELETED>Sec. 202. Findings.
  <DELETED>TITLE III--MAXIMIZING UTILIZATION OF THE ISS AND LOW-EARTH 
                                 ORBIT

<DELETED>Sec. 301. Operation of the ISS.
<DELETED>Sec. 302. Transportation to ISS.
<DELETED>Sec. 303. ISS transition plan.
       <DELETED>TITLE IV--ADVANCING HUMAN DEEP SPACE EXPLORATION

      <DELETED>Subtitle A--Human Exploration Goals and Objectives

<DELETED>Sec. 411. Human exploration long-term goals.
<DELETED>Sec. 412. Goals and objectives.
<DELETED>Sec. 413. Vision for space exploration.
<DELETED>Sec. 414. Exploration plan and programs.
<DELETED>Sec. 415. Stepping stone approach to exploration.
    <DELETED>Subtitle B--Assuring Core Capabilities for Exploration

<DELETED>Sec. 421. Space Launch System and Orion.
                  <DELETED>Subtitle C--Journey to Mars

<DELETED>Sec. 431. Space technology infusion.
<DELETED>Sec. 432. Findings on human space exploration.
<DELETED>Sec. 433. Strategic framework for human spaceflight and 
                            exploration.
<DELETED>Sec. 434. Advanced space suit capability.
<DELETED>Sec. 435. Asteroid robotic redirect mission.
 <DELETED>Subtitle D--Scott Kelly Human Spaceflight and Exploration Act

<DELETED>Sec. 441. Short title.
<DELETED>Sec. 442. Findings; sense of Congress.
<DELETED>Sec. 443. Medical monitoring and research relating to human 
                            space flight.
               <DELETED>TITLE V--ADVANCING SPACE SCIENCE

<DELETED>Sec. 501. Maintaining a balanced space science portfolio.
<DELETED>Sec. 502. Planetary science.
<DELETED>Sec. 503. James Webb Space Telescope.
<DELETED>Sec. 504. Sense of Congress on wide-field infrared survey 
                            telescope.
<DELETED>Sec. 505. Sense of Congress on Mars 2020 rover.
<DELETED>Sec. 506. Europa.
                <DELETED>TITLE VI--MAXIMIZING EFFICIENCY

  <DELETED>Subtitle A--Agency Information Technology and Cybersecurity

<DELETED>Sec. 611. Information technology governance.
<DELETED>Sec. 612. Information technology strategic plan.
<DELETED>Sec. 613. Cybersecurity.
<DELETED>Sec. 614. Oversight implementation progress.
<DELETED>Sec. 615. Software oversight.
<DELETED>Sec. 616. Security management of foreign national access.
<DELETED>Sec. 617. Cybersecurity of web applications.
<DELETED>Subtitle B--Collaboration Among Mission Directorates and Other 
                                Matters

<DELETED>Sec. 621. Collaboration among mission directorates.
<DELETED>Sec. 622. NASA launch capabilities collaboration.
<DELETED>Sec. 623. Commercial space launch cooperation.
<DELETED>Sec. 624. Detection and avoidance of counterfeit parts.
<DELETED>Sec. 625. Education and outreach.

<DELETED>SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    In this Act:</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) Administration.--The term ``Administration'' 
        means the National Aeronautics and Space 
        Administration.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) Administrator.--The term ``Administrator'' 
        means the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space 
        Administration.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (3) Appropriate committees of congress.--The term 
        ``appropriate committees of Congress'' means--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (A) the Committee on Commerce, Science, 
                and Transportation of the Senate; and</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (B) the Committee on Science, Space, and 
                Technology of the House of Representatives.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (4) Cis-lunar space.--The term ``cis-lunar space'' 
        means the region of space from the Earth out to and including 
        the region around the surface of the Moon.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (5) Deep space.--The term ``deep space'' means the 
        region of space beyond low-Earth orbit, to include cis-lunar 
        space.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (6) Government astronaut.--The term ``government 
        astronaut'' has the meaning given the term in section 50902 of 
        title 51, United States Code.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (7) ISS.--The term ``ISS'' means the International 
        Space Station.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (8) ISS management entity.--The term ``ISS 
        management entity'' means the organization with which the 
        Administrator has a cooperative agreement under section 504(a) 
        of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 
        Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18354(a)).</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (9) NASA.--The term ``NASA'' means the National 
        Aeronautics and Space Administration.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (10) Orion.--The term ``Orion'' means the 
        multipurpose crew vehicle described under section 303 of the 
        National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act 
        of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18323).</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (11) Space launch system.--The term ``Space Launch 
        System'' has the meaning given the term in section 3 of the 
        National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act 
        of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18302).</DELETED>

      <DELETED>TITLE I--AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 101. FISCAL YEAR 2017.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    There are authorized to be appropriated to NASA for fiscal 
year 2017, $19,508,000,000, as follows:</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) For Exploration, $4,532,000,000.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) For Space Operations, 
        $4,950,700,000.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (3) For Science, $5,395,000,000.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (4) For Aeronautics, $601,000,000.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (5) For Space Technology, $686,500,000.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (6) For Education, $108,000,000.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (7) For Safety, Security, and Mission Services, 
        $2,796,700,000.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (8) For Construction and Environmental Compliance 
        and Restoration, $400,000,000.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (9) For Inspector General, $38,100,000.</DELETED>

   <DELETED>TITLE II--SUSTAINING NATIONAL SPACE COMMITMENTS</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 201. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON SUSTAINING NATIONAL SPACE 
              COMMITMENTS.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) the United States, in collaboration with its 
        international, academic, and industry partners, should sustain 
        and build upon our national space commitments and investments 
        across Administrations with a continuity of purpose to advance 
        recent achievements of space exploration and space science to 
        extend humanity's reach into deep space, including cis-lunar 
        space, the Moon, the surface and moons of Mars, and 
        beyond;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) NASA leaders can best leverage investments in 
        the United States space program by continuing to develop a 
        balanced portfolio for space exploration and space science, 
        including continued development of the Space Launch System, 
        Orion, Commercial Crew and Commercial Resupply Services, the 
        James Webb Space Telescope, and the ongoing operations of the 
        International Space Station;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (3) a national, government-led space program that 
        builds on current science and exploration programs and advances 
        human knowledge and capabilities and opens the frontier beyond 
        Earth for ourselves, our international partners, commercial 
        enterprise, and science is of critical importance to our 
        national destiny and to a future guided by United States values 
        and freedoms;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (4) continuity of purpose and effective execution 
        of core NASA programs are essential for efficient use of 
        resources in pursuit of timely and tangible 
        accomplishments;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (5) NASA could improve its efficiency and 
        effectiveness by working with industry to streamline existing 
        programs and requirements, procurement practices, institutional 
        footprint, and bureaucracy while preserving effective program 
        oversight, accountability, and safety;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (6) United States Government astronauts changed 
        the trajectory of human history toward the promise of the 
        stars, and it is imperative that the United States maintain and 
        enhance its leadership in space exploration and continue to 
        expand freedom and opportunities in space for all Americans 
        that are consistent with the Constitution of the United States; 
        and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (7) NASA is and should remain a multimission 
        agency with a balanced and robust set of core missions in 
        science, space technology, aeronautics, human space flight and 
        exploration, and education.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 202. FINDINGS.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    (a) Findings.--Congress makes the following 
findings:</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) Challenges of the past, such as the 
        cancellation of major programs, have disrupted completion of 
        major space systems thereby--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (A) impeding planning and pursuit of 
                national objectives in human space 
                exploration;</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (B) placing the Nation's investment in 
                space exploration at risk; and</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (C) degrading the aerospace industrial 
                base.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) The National Aeronautics and Space 
        Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18301 et 
        seq.) reflects a broad, bipartisan agreement on the path 
        forward for NASA's core missions in science, space technology, 
        aeronautics, human space flight and exploration, and education, 
        which serves as the foundation for the policy updates by this 
        Act.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (3) Sustaining the investment and maximizing 
        utilization of the ISS and ISS National Laboratory with our 
        international and industry partners is--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (A) consistent with the goals and 
                objectives of the United States space program; 
                and</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (B) imperative to continuing United States 
                global leadership in human space exploration, science, 
                research, technology development, and education 
                opportunities that contribute to development of the 
                next generation of American scientists, engineers, and 
                leaders, and to creating the opportunity for economic 
                development of low-Earth orbit.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (4) NASA has made measurable progress in 
        development and testing of the Space Launch System and Orion 
        exploration systems with the near-term objectives of the 
        initial integrated test flight and launch in 2018, a human 
        mission in 2021, and continued missions in cis-lunar space and 
        eventually to the surface of Mars.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (5) The Commercial Crew Program is on schedule to 
        reestablish the capability to launch United States government 
        astronauts from United States soil into orbit by the end of 
        2018.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (6) The Aerospace Safety Advisory Panel, in its 
        2015 Annual Report, urged continuity of purpose noting concerns 
        over the potential for cost overruns and schedule slips that 
        could accompany significant changes to core NASA 
        programs.</DELETED>

  <DELETED>TITLE III--MAXIMIZING UTILIZATION OF THE ISS AND LOW-EARTH 
                            ORBIT</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 301. OPERATION OF THE ISS.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) after 15 years of continuous human presence in 
        low-Earth orbit, the ISS continues to overcome challenges and 
        operate safely;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) expansion of partnerships, scientific 
        research, commercial applications, and exploration testbed 
        capabilities of the ISS is essential to ensuring the greatest 
        return on investments made by the United States and its 
        international space partners in the development, assembly, and 
        operations of that unique facility;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (3) stable and successful Commercial Cargo and 
        Commercial Crew programs are critical to ensuring timely 
        provisioning of the ISS and to reestablishing the capability to 
        launch United States government astronauts from United States 
        soil into orbit;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (4) sustaining United States leadership and 
        progress in human space exploration is enabled by continuing 
        utilization of the ISS--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (A) to facilitate the commercialization 
                and economic development of low-Earth orbit;</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (B) to serve as a testbed for 
                technologies, and to conduct scientific research and 
                development; and</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (C) as an orbital facility enabling 
                research upon--</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    (i) the health, well-being, and 
                        performance of humans in space; and</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    (ii) the development of in-space 
                        systems enabling human space exploration beyond 
                        low-Earth orbit;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (5) the Administrator should continue to support 
        the development of the Commercial Crew Program as planned to 
        end reliance upon Russian transport of United States government 
        astronauts to the ISS which has not been possible since the 
        retirement of the Space Shuttle program in 2011; and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (6) the ISS should continue to provide a platform 
        for fundamental, microgravity, discovery-based space life and 
        physical sciences research that is critical for enabling space 
        exploration, protecting humans in space, increasing pathways 
        for commercial space development that depend on advances in 
        basic research, and contribute to advancing science, 
        technology, engineering, and mathematics research.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (b) Continuation of the ISS.--Congress reaffirms the 
policy set forth in section 501 of the National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18351) that it 
shall be the policy of the United States, in consultation with its 
international partners in the ISS program, to support full and complete 
utilization of the ISS through at least 2024.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 302. TRANSPORTATION TO ISS.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    (a) Sense of Congress on Commercial Crew and Commercial 
Cargo Programs.--It is the sense of Congress that--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) NASA should build upon the success of the 
        Commercial Orbital Transportation Services and Commercial 
        Resupply Services programs that have allowed private sector 
        companies to partner with NASA to deliver cargo and scientific 
        experiments to the ISS since 2012;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) once certified to meet NASA's safety and 
        reliability requirements and fully operational to meet ISS crew 
        transfer needs, the Commercial Crew Program transportation 
        systems should serve as the primary means of transporting 
        United States government astronauts and international partner 
        astronauts from United States soil to and from the 
        ISS;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (3) Commercial Crew Program transportation systems 
        should have the capability of serving as ISS emergency crew 
        rescue vehicles;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (4) the 21st Century Launch Complex Program has 
        enabled significant modernization and infrastructure 
        improvements as launch sites across the United States to 
        support NASA's Commercial Resupply Services and other civil and 
        commercial space flight missions; and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (5) the 21st Century Launch Complex Program should 
        be continued in a manner that leverages State and private 
        investments to achieve the goals of the program.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (b) United States Policy.--It is the policy of the United 
States that, to foster the competitive development, operation, 
improvement and commercial availability of space transportation 
services, services for Federal Government access to and return from the 
ISS, whenever practicable, shall be procured via fair and open 
competition for well-defined, milestone-based, Federal Acquisition 
Regulation-based contracts under section 201(a) of the National 
Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (42 
U.S.C. 18311(a)).</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (c) Commercial Cargo Program.--Section 401 of the National 
Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (42 
U.S.C. 18341) is amended by striking ``Commercial Orbital 
Transportation Services'' and inserting ``Commercial Resupply 
Services''.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (d) Crew Safety.--The Administrator shall protect the 
safety of United States crews by ensuring commercial crew systems meet 
all applicable human rating requirements in accordance with section 
403(b)(1) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 
Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18342(b)(1)).</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 303. ISS TRANSITION PLAN.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    (a) Findings.--Congress finds that NASA has been both the 
primary supplier and consumer of human space flight capabilities and 
services of the ISS and in low-Earth orbit.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (b) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that 
an orderly transition is needed for United States human space flight 
activities in low-Earth orbit from the current regime, that relies 
heavily on NASA sponsorship, to a regime where NASA is one of many 
customers of a low-Earth orbit commercial human space flight 
enterprise.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (c) Reports.--Section 50111 of title 51, United States 
Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:</DELETED>
<DELETED>    ``(c) ISS Transition Plan.--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(1) In general.--The Administrator, in 
        coordination with the ISS management entity, ISS partners, the 
        scientific user community, and the commercial space sector 
        shall develop a plan to transition in a step-wise approach from 
        the current regime that relies heavily on NASA sponsorship to a 
        regime where NASA is one of many customers of a low-Earth orbit 
        commercial human space flight enterprise.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(2) Reports.--Not later than 180 days after the 
        date of enactment of the National Aeronautics and Space 
        Administration Transition Authorization Act of 2016, and 
        triennially thereafter until 2023, the Administrator shall 
        submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report that 
        includes--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(A) an identification of low-Earth orbit 
                capabilities necessary to meet the Administration's 
                deep space human space flight exploration objectives 
                and mission requirements beyond the period of operation 
                and utilization of the ISS described in section 503 of 
                the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 
                Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18353), if 
                any;</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(B) steps NASA is taking and will take, 
                including demonstrations that could be conducted on the 
                ISS, to stimulate and facilitate commercial demand and 
                supply of products and services in low-Earth 
                orbit;</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(C) an assessment of current and 
                projected commercial activities in low-Earth orbit, 
                including on the ISS, and their potential for meeting 
                the capabilities identified in subparagraph 
                (A);</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(D) an identification of barriers 
                preventing the commercialization of low-Earth orbit, 
                including issues relating to policy, regulations, 
                commercial intellectual property, data, and 
                confidentiality that could inhibit the use of the ISS 
                as a commercial incubator;</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(E) an evaluation of the feasible and 
                preferred service life of the ISS beyond the period 
                described in section 503 of the National Aeronautics 
                and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (42 
                U.S.C. 18353), through at least 2028, as a unique 
                scientific, commercial, and exploration-related 
                facility, including--</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(i) a general discussion of 
                        international partner capabilities and 
                        prospects for extending the partnership, to 
                        include the potential for participation by 
                        additional countries, for the purposes of the 
                        human development and exploration of deep 
                        space;</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(ii) a review of essential 
                        systems, equipment upgrades, or potential 
                        maintenance that would be necessary to extend 
                        ISS operations and utilization;</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(iii) an evaluation of the cost 
                        and schedule requirements associated with the 
                        development and delivery of essential systems, 
                        equipment upgrades, or potential maintenance 
                        identified under clause (ii);</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(iv) an identification of 
                        possible international, academic, or industry 
                        partner contributions, cost-share, and program 
                        transitions to provide the upgrades identified 
                        under clause (ii);</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(v) impacts on the goals and 
                        objectives of the ISS National Laboratory and 
                        the management entity responsible for operation 
                        of the ISS National Laboratory;</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(vi) impacts on services 
                        provided by the Commercial Resupply Services 
                        and Commercial Crew Program to the 
                        ISS;</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(vii) impacts on the use of the 
                        ISS as a testbed to transition functions of the 
                        ISS to the commercial space sector and enhance 
                        economic development of low-Earth orbit, 
                        including the evolution of self-sustaining 
                        commercial activities;</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(viii) an assessment on the 
                        technical limiting factor of the ISS lifetime, 
                        including a list of critical components and 
                        their expected lifetime and 
                        availability;</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(ix) an evaluation of the 
                        potential for expanding the use of ISS 
                        facilities to accommodate the needs of 
                        researchers and other users, including changes 
                        to policies, regulations, and laws that would 
                        stimulate greater private and public 
                        involvement on the ISS; and</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(x) such other information as 
                        may be necessary to fully describe the 
                        justification for and feasibility of extending 
                        the service life of the ISS, including the 
                        potential scientific or technological benefits 
                        to the Federal Government or public, or to 
                        academic or commercial entities;</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(F) an evaluation of the functions, 
                roles, and responsibilities for management and 
                operation of the ISS and a determination of--</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(i) those functions, roles, and 
                        responsibilities the Federal Government should 
                        retain during the lifecycle of the 
                        ISS;</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(ii) those functions, roles, and 
                        responsibilities that could be transferred to 
                        the commercial space sector;</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(iii) the metrics that would 
                        indicate the commercial space sector's 
                        readiness and ability to assume the functions, 
                        roles, and responsibilities described in clause 
                        (ii); and</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(iv) any necessary changes to 
                        any agreements or other documents and the law 
                        to enable the activities described in 
                        subparagraphs (B) and (C); and</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(G) progress on meeting human 
                exploration research objectives on ISS and prospects 
                for accomplishing future exploration and other research 
                objectives on future commercially supplied low-Earth 
                orbit platforms or migration of those objectives to 
                cis-lunar space.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(3) Demonstrations.--Demonstrations identified 
        under paragraph (2) may--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(A) test the capabilities described in 
                paragraph (2)(A); and</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(B) demonstrate or test capabilities, 
                including commercial modules or deep space habitats, 
                Environmental Control and Life Support Systems, orbital 
                satellite assembly, exploration space suits, a node 
                that enables a wide variety of activity, including 
                multiple commercial modules and airlocks, additional 
                docking or berthing ports for commercial crew and 
                cargo, opportunities for the commercial space sector to 
                cost share for transportation and other services on the 
                ISS, and other commercial activities.''.</DELETED>

  <DELETED>TITLE IV--ADVANCING HUMAN DEEP SPACE EXPLORATION</DELETED>

 <DELETED>Subtitle A--Human Exploration Goals and Objectives</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 411. HUMAN EXPLORATION LONG-TERM GOALS.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    Section 202(a) of the National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18312(a)) is 
amended to read as follows:</DELETED>
<DELETED>    ``(a) Long-term Goals.--The long-term goals of the human 
space flight and exploration efforts of NASA shall be--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(1) to expand permanent human presence beyond 
        low-Earth orbit and to do so, where practical, in a manner 
        involving international, academic, and industry partners; 
        and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(2) the peaceful settlement of a location in 
        space or on another celestial body and a thriving space economy 
        in the 21st century.''.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 412. GOALS AND OBJECTIVES.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    Section 202(b) of the National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18312(b)) is 
amended--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) in paragraph (3), by striking ``; and'' and 
        inserting a semicolon;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) in paragraph (4), by striking the period at 
        the end and inserting ``; and''; and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (3) by adding at the end the following:</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(5) to achieve human exploration of Mars, 
        including the establishment of a capability to extend human 
        presence, including potential human habitation, on the surface 
        of Mars.''.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 413. VISION FOR SPACE EXPLORATION.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    Section 20302 of title 51, United States Code, is 
amended--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) in subsection (a), by inserting ``in cis-lunar 
        space or'' after ``sustained human presence''; and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) by amending subsection (b) to read as 
        follows:</DELETED>
<DELETED>    ``(b) Future Exploration of Mars.--The Administrator shall 
manage human space flight programs, including the Space Launch System 
and Orion, to enable humans to explore Mars and other destinations by 
defining a series of sustainable steps and conducting mission planning, 
research, and technology development on a timetable that is technically 
and fiscally possible, consistent with section 70504.''.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 414. EXPLORATION PLAN AND PROGRAMS.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    Section 70502(2) of title 51, United States Code, is 
amended to read as follows:</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(2) implement an exploration research and 
        technology development program to enable human and robotic 
        operations consistent with section 20302(b) of this 
        title;''.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 415. STEPPING STONE APPROACH TO EXPLORATION.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    Section 70504 of title 51, United States Code, is amended 
to read as follows:</DELETED>
<DELETED>``Sec. 70504. Stepping stone approach to exploration</DELETED>
<DELETED>    ``(a) In General.--In order to maximize the cost-
effectiveness of the long-term exploration and utilization activities 
of the United States, the Administrator shall take all necessary steps, 
including engaging international, academic, and industry partners to 
ensure that activities in the Administration's human exploration 
program balance how those activities might also help meet the 
requirements of future exploration and utilization activities leading 
to human habitation on the surface of Mars.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    ``(b) Completion.--Within budgetary considerations, once 
an exploration-related project enters its development phase, the 
Administrator shall seek, to the maximum extent practicable, to 
complete that project without undue delays.''.</DELETED>

          <DELETED>Subtitle B--Assuring Core Capabilities for 
                         Exploration</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 421. SPACE LAUNCH SYSTEM AND ORION.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    (a) Findings.--Congress makes the following 
findings:</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) NASA has made steady progress in developing 
        and testing the Space Launch System and Orion exploration 
        systems with the successful Exploration Flight Test of Orion in 
        December of 2014, the final qualification test firing of the 5-
        segment Space Launch System boosters in June 2016, and a full 
        thrust, full duration test firing of the RS-25 Space Launch 
        System core stage engine in August 2016.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) Through the 21st Century Launch Complex 
        program and Exploration Ground Systems (referred to in this 
        section as ``EGS'') programs, NASA has made significant 
        progress in transforming exploration ground systems 
        infrastructure to meet NASA's mission requirements for the 
        Space Launch System and Orion and to modernize NASA's launch 
        complexes to the benefit of the civil, defense, and commercial 
        space sectors.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (b) Sense of Congress on Space Launch System, Orion, and 
EGS.--It is the sense of Congress that--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) as the United States works to send humans on a 
        series of missions on or near Mars in the 2030s, the United 
        States national space program should continue to make progress 
        on its commitment by fully developing the Space Launch System, 
        Orion, and related exploration ground systems;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) using the Space Launch System and Orion for a 
        wide range of contemplated missions will facilitate the 
        national defense, science, and exploration objectives of the 
        United States; and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (3) continuity of purpose within the Space Launch 
        System and Orion programs are imperative as NASA prepares for 
        the uncrewed mission, EM-1, planned for 2018 followed by the 
        crewed mission, EM-2, in cis-lunar space planned for 2021, and 
        for subsequent missions beginning with EM-3 extending into cis-
        lunar space and eventually to Mars.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (c) In General.--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) Exploration missions.--The Administrator shall 
        continue development of--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (A) an uncrewed exploration mission to 
                demonstrate the capability of both the Space Launch 
                System and Orion as an integrated system by 
                2018;</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (B) a crewed exploration mission to 
                demonstrate the Space Launch System, including the Core 
                Stage and Exploration Upper Stages, and the crewed 
                Orion by 2021;</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (C) subsequent missions beginning with EM-
                3 using the Space Launch System and Orion to extend 
                into cis-lunar space and eventually to Mars; 
                and</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (D) development of a deep space habitat as 
                the next element in a deep space exploration 
                architecture along with the Space Launch System and 
                Orion.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) Other uses.--The Administrator shall assess 
        the utility of the Space Launch System for use by the science 
        community and for other Federal Government launch needs, 
        including consideration of overall cost and schedule savings 
        from reduced transit times and increased science returns 
        enabled by the unique capabilities of the Space Launch 
        System.</DELETED>

             <DELETED>Subtitle C--Journey to Mars</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 431. SPACE TECHNOLOGY INFUSION.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that 
advancing propulsion technology would improve the efficiency of trips 
to Mars and could shorten travel time to Mars and reduce astronaut 
health risks, reduce radiation exposure, consumables, and mass of 
materials required for the journey.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (b) Policy.--It is the policy of the United States that 
the Administrator shall develop technologies to support the 
Administration's core missions as described in section 2(3) of the 
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 
(42 U.S.C. 18301(3)) and support sustained investments in early stage 
innovation and fundamental research, and technologies to expand the 
boundaries of the national aerospace enterprise.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (c) Propulsion Technologies.--A goal of propulsion 
technologies developed under subsection (b), shall be to significantly 
reduce human travel time to Mars.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 432. FINDINGS ON HUMAN SPACE EXPLORATION.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    Congress makes the following findings:</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) In accordance with section 204 of the National 
        Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 
        (124 Stat. 2813), the National Academies of Sciences, 
        Engineering, and Medicine, through its Committee on Human 
        Spaceflight, conducted a review of the goals, core 
        capabilities, and direction of human space flight, and 
        published the findings and recommendations in a 2014 report 
        entitled, ``Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches 
        for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration''.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) The Committee on Human Spaceflight included 
        leaders from the aerospace, scientific, security, and policy 
        communities.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (3) With input from the public, the Committee on 
        Human Spaceflight concluded that many practical and 
        aspirational rationales for human space flight together 
        constitute a compelling case for continued national investment 
        and pursuit of human space exploration toward the horizon goal 
        of Mars.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (4) According to the Committee on Human 
        Spaceflight, the rationales include economic benefits, national 
        security, national prestige, inspiring students and other 
        citizens, scientific discovery, human survival, and a sense of 
        shared destiny.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (5) The Committee on Human Spaceflight affirmed 
        that Mars is the appropriate long-term goal for the human space 
        flight program.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (6) The Committee on Human Spaceflight recommended 
        that NASA define a series of sustainable steps and conduct 
        mission planning and technology development as needed to 
        achieve the long-term goal of placing humans on the surface of 
        Mars.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (7) Expanding human presence beyond low-Earth 
        orbit and advancing toward human missions to Mars requires 
        early planning and timely decisions to be made in the near-term 
        on the necessary courses of action for commitments to achieve 
        short-term and long-term goals and objectives.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (8) In addition to the 2014 report described in 
        paragraph (1), there are several independently developed 
        reports or concepts that describe potential Mars architectures 
        or concepts and identify Mars as the long-term goal for human 
        space exploration, including NASA's ``The Global Exploration 
        Roadmap'' of 2013, ``NASA's Journey to Mars-Pioneering Next 
        Steps in Space Exploration'' of 2015, NASA Jet Propulsion 
        Laboratory's ``Minimal Architecture for Human Journeys to 
        Mars'' of 2015, and Explore Mars' ``The Humans to Mars Report 
        2016''.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 433. STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK FOR HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT AND 
              EXPLORATION.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) expanding human presence beyond low-Earth 
        orbit and advancing toward human missions to Mars in the 2030s 
        requires early planning and timely decisions to be made in the 
        near-term on the necessary courses of action for commitments to 
        achieve short-term and long-term goals and 
        objectives;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) for strong and sustained United States 
        leadership, a need exists to advance a strategic framework, 
        addressing exploration objectives in collaboration with 
        international, academic, and industry partners;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (3) an approach that incrementally advances toward 
        a long-term goal is one in which nearer-term developments and 
        implementation would influence future development and 
        implementation; and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (4) a strategic framework should begin with low-
        Earth orbit, then address progress beyond low-Earth orbit to 
        cis-lunar space in greater detail than future missions 
        ultimately aimed at human arrival and activities on or near 
        Mars.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (b) Strategic Framework.--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) In general.--The Administrator shall develop a 
        strategic framework, including, a critical decision plan, to 
        expand human presence beyond low-Earth orbit, including to cis-
        lunar space, the moons of Mars, the surface of Mars, and 
        beyond.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) Scope.--The strategic framework shall 
        include--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (A) an integrated set of exploration, 
                science, and other goals and objectives of a United 
                States human space exploration program with the long-
                term goal of human missions near to or on the surface 
                of Mars in the 2030s;</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (B) opportunities for international, 
                academic, and industry partnerships for exploration-
                related systems, services, research, and technology if 
                those opportunities provide cost-savings, accelerate 
                program schedules, or otherwise benefit the exploration 
                objectives developed under subparagraph (A);</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (C) precursor missions in cis-lunar space 
                and other missions or activities necessary to meet the 
                exploration objectives developed under subparagraph 
                (A);</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (D) capabilities and technologies, 
                including the Space Launch System, Orion, a deep space 
                habitat, and other capabilities, that enable the 
                exploration objectives developed under subparagraph 
                (A);</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (E) a description of how cis-lunar 
                elements, objectives, and activities advance the human 
                exploration of Mars;</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (F) an assessment of potential human 
                health and other risks, including radiation exposure; 
                and</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (G) mitigation plans, whenever possible, 
                to address the risks identified in subparagraph 
                (F).</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (3) Considerations.--In developing the strategic 
        framework, the Administrator shall consider--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (A) using key exploration capabilities, 
                namely the Space Launch System and Orion;</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (B) using existing commercially available 
                technologies and capabilities or those technologies and 
                capabilities being developed by industry for commercial 
                purposes;</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (C) an organizational approach to ensure 
                collaboration and coordination among NASA's Mission 
                Directorates under section 621, when 
                appropriate;</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (D) building upon the initial uncrewed 
                mission, EM-1, and first crewed mission, EM-2, of the 
                Space Launch System and Orion to establish a 
                sustainable cadence of missions extending human 
                exploration missions into cis-lunar space;</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (E) developing the precursor missions and 
                activities that will demonstrate, test, and develop key 
                technologies and capabilities essential for achieving 
                human missions to Mars, including long-duration human 
                operations beyond low-Earth orbit, space suits, solar 
                electric propulsion, deep space habitats, environmental 
                control life support systems, Mars lander and ascent 
                vehicle, entry, descent, landing, ascent, Mars surface 
                systems, and in-situ resource utilization;</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (F) demonstrating and testing one or more 
                habitat modules in cis-lunar space to prepare for Mars 
                missions;</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (G) using public-private, firm fixed-price 
                partnerships, where practicable;</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (H) collaborating with international, 
                academic, and industry partners, when 
                appropriate;</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (I) risks to human health and sensitive 
                onboard technologies, including radiation 
                exposure;</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (J) evaluating the risks identified 
                through research outcomes under the NASA Human Research 
                Program's Behavioral Health Element; and</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (K) the recommendations and ideas of 
                several independently developed reports or concepts 
                that describe potential Mars architectures or concepts 
                and identify Mars as the long-term goal for human space 
                exploration, including the reports described under 
                section 432(8).</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (4) Critical decision plan on human space 
        exploration.--As part of the strategic framework, the 
        Administrator shall include a critical decision plan--
        </DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (A) identifying and defining key decisions 
                guiding human space exploration priorities and plans 
                that need to be made before June 30, 2020, including 
                decisions that may guide human space exploration 
                capability development, precursor missions, long-term 
                missions, and activities; and</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (B) defining decisions needed to maximize 
                efficiencies and resources for reaching the near, 
                intermediate, and long-term goals and objectives of 
                human space exploration.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (5) Reports.--The Administrator shall submit an 
        initial strategic framework, including a critical decision 
        plan, to the appropriate committee of Congress before December 
        31, 2017, and an updated strategic framework biennially 
        thereafter.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 434. ADVANCED SPACE SUIT CAPABILITY.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    (a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress a detailed plan for achieving an 
advanced space suit capability that aligns with the crew needs for 
exploration enabled by the space launch system and Orion, including an 
evaluation of the merit of delivering the planned suit system for use 
on the ISS.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (b) Considerations.--In developing the detailed plan under 
subsection (a), the Administrator shall consider leveraging NASA's 
existing investments and technologies.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 435. ASTEROID ROBOTIC REDIRECT MISSION.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    (a) Findings.--Congress makes the following 
findings:</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) NASA initially estimated that the Asteroid 
        Robotic Redirect Mission would launch in December 2020 and cost 
        no more than $1.25 billion, excluding launch and 
        operations.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) On July 15, 2016, NASA conducted its Key 
        Decision Point-B review of the Asteroid Robotic Redirect 
        Mission or approval for Phase B in mission 
        formulation.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (3) During the Key Decision Point-B review, NASA 
        estimated that costs have grown to $1.4 billion excluding 
        launch and operations for a launch in December 2021 and the 
        agency must evaluate whether to accept the increase or reduce 
        the Asteroid Robotic Redirect Mission's scope to stay within 
        the cost cap set by the Administrator.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (4) In April 2015, the NASA Advisory Council--
        </DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (A) issued a finding that--</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    (i) high-performance solar 
                        electric propulsion will likely be an important 
                        part of an architecture to send humans to Mars; 
                        and</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    (ii) maneuvering a large test mass 
                        is not necessary to provide a valid in-space 
                        test of a new solar electric propulsion 
                        stage;</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (B) determined that a solar electric 
                propulsion mission will contribute more directly to the 
                goal of sending humans to Mars if the mission is 
                focused entirely on development and validation of the 
                solar electric propulsion stage; and</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (C) determined that other possible 
                motivations for acquiring and maneuvering a boulder, 
                such as asteroid science and planetary defense, do not 
                have value commensurate with their probable 
                cost.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (5) The Asteroid Robotic Redirect Mission is 
        competing for resources with other critical exploration 
        development programs, including the Space Launch System, Orion, 
        commercial crew, and a habitation module.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (6) In 2014, the NASA Advisory Council recommended 
        that NASA conduct an independent cost and technical assessment 
        of the Asteroid Robotic Redirect Mission.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (7) NASA completed the assessment under paragraph 
        (6) and reviewed it as part of the agency's Key Decision Point-
        B review.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (8) In 2015, the NASA Advisory Council recommended 
        that NASA preserve the following key objectives if the program 
        needed to be descoped:</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (A) Development of high power solar 
                electric propulsion.</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (B) Ability to maneuver in a low gravity 
                environment in deep space.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (9) In January 2015 and July 2015, the NASA 
        Advisory Council expressed its concern to NASA about the 
        potential for growing costs for the program and highlighted 
        that choices would need to be made about the program's 
        content.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (b) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) the technological and scientific goals of the 
        Asteroid Robotic Redirect Mission may not be commensurate with 
        the cost; and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) alternative missions may provide a more cost 
        effective and scientifically beneficial means to demonstrate 
        the technologies needed for a human mission to Mars that would 
        otherwise be demonstrated by the Asteroid Robotic Redirect 
        Mission.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (c) Evaluation and Report.--Not later than 180 days after 
the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) conduct an evaluation of--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (A) alternative approaches to the Asteroid 
                Robotic Redirect Mission for demonstrating the 
                technologies and capabilities needed for a human 
                mission to Mars that would otherwise be demonstrated by 
                the Asteroid Robotic Redirect Mission;</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (B) the scientific and technical benefits 
                of the alternatives approaches identified in 
                subparagraph (A) compared to the Asteroid Redirect 
                Robotic Mission to future human exploration;</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (C) the commercial benefits of the 
                alternative approaches identified in subparagraph (A), 
                including the impact on the development of domestic 
                solar electric propulsion technology to bolster United 
                States competitiveness in the global marketplace; 
                and</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (D) a comparison of the estimated costs of 
                the alternative approaches identified in subparagraph 
                (A); and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) submit to the appropriate Committees of 
        Congress a report on the evaluation under paragraph (1), 
        including any recommendations.</DELETED>

  <DELETED>Subtitle D--Scott Kelly Human Spaceflight and Exploration 
                             Act</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 441. SHORT TITLE.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    This subtitle may be cited as the ``Scott Kelly Human 
Spaceflight and Exploration Act''.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 442. FINDINGS; SENSE OF CONGRESS.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    (a) Findings.--Congress makes the following 
findings:</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) Human space exploration can pose significant 
        challenges and is full of substantial risk, which has 
        ultimately claimed the lives of 24 National Aeronautics and 
        Space Administration astronauts serving in the line of 
        duty.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) As United States government astronauts 
        participate in long-duration and exploration spaceflight 
        missions they may experience increased health risks, such as 
        vision impairment, bone demineralization, and behavioral health 
        and performance risks, and may be exposed to galactic cosmic 
        radiation. Exposure to high levels of radiation and 
        microgravity can result in acute and long-term health 
        consequences that can increase the risk of cancer and tissue 
        degeneration and have potential effects on the musculoskeletal 
        system, central nervous system, cardiovascular system, immune 
        function, and vision.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (3) To advance the goal of long-duration and 
        exploration spaceflight missions, United States government 
        astronaut Scott Kelly participated in a 1-year twins study in 
        space while his identical twin brother, former United States 
        government astronaut Mark Kelly, acted as a human control 
        specimen on Earth, providing an understanding of the physical, 
        behavioral, microbiological, and molecular reaction of the 
        human body to an extended period of time in space.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (4) Since the Administration currently provides 
        medical monitoring, diagnosis, and treatment for United States 
        government astronauts during their active employment, given the 
        unknown long-term health consequences of long-duration space 
        exploration, the Administration has requested statutory 
        authority from Congress to provide medical monitoring, 
        diagnosis, and treatment to former crewmembers of human space 
        flights for psychological and medical conditions associated 
        with human space flight.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (b) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) the United States should continue to seek the 
        unknown and lead the world in space exploration and scientific 
        discovery as the Administration prepares for long-duration and 
        exploration spaceflight in deep space and an eventual mission 
        to Mars;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) data relating to the health of astronauts will 
        become increasingly valuable to improving our understanding of 
        many diseases humans face on Earth;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (3) the Administration should provide the type of 
        monitoring, diagnosis, and treatment described in subsection 
        (a) only for conditions the Administration considers unique to 
        the training or exposure to the spaceflight environment of 
        crewmembers of human space flights and should not require any 
        former crewmembers to participate in the Administration's 
        monitoring;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (4) such monitoring, diagnosis, and treatment 
        should not replace a former crewmember's private health 
        insurance;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (5) expanded data acquired from such monitoring, 
        diagnosis, and treatment should be used to tailor treatment, 
        inform the requirements for new spaceflight medical hardware, 
        and develop controls in order to prevent disease occurrence in 
        the astronaut corps;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (6) the Administration's existing radiation 
        exposure standards, which have been used for missions 
        pertaining to the Space Shuttle and the ISS, would limit 
        missions to durations of 150 to 250 days and would pose 
        significant challenges to long-duration or exploration 
        spaceflight or a multiyear mission to Mars; and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (7) the 340-day space mission of Scott Kelly 
        aboard the ISS--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (A) was pivotal for the goal of the United 
                States for humans to explore deep space and Mars as the 
                mission generated new insight into how the human body 
                adjusts to weightlessness, isolation, radiation, and 
                the stress of long-duration space flight; and</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (B) will help support the physical and 
                mental well-being of astronauts during longer space 
                exploration missions in the future.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 443. MEDICAL MONITORING AND RESEARCH RELATING TO HUMAN 
              SPACE FLIGHT.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    (a) In General.--Subchapter III of chapter 201 of title 
51, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the 
following:</DELETED>
<DELETED>``Sec. 20148. Medical monitoring and research relating to 
              human space flight</DELETED>
<DELETED>    ``(a) In General.--Notwithstanding any other provision of 
law, the Administrator may provide for the medical monitoring, 
diagnosis, and treatment of a United States government astronaut, or a 
former United States government astronaut or payload specialist for 
conditions that the Administrator considers associated with human space 
flight, including scientific and medical tests for psychological and 
medical conditions.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    ``(b) Exclusions.--The Administrator may not--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(1) provide for medical monitoring, diagnosis, 
        or treatment of a United States government astronaut, or a 
        former United States government astronaut or payload specialist 
        under subsection (a) for any psychological or medical condition 
        that is not associated with human space flight; or</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(2) require a former United States government 
        astronaut or payload specialist to participate in the 
        monitoring authorized under subsection (a).</DELETED>
<DELETED>    ``(c) Privacy.--Consistent with applicable provisions of 
law relating to privacy, the Administrator shall protect the privacy of 
all medical records generated under subsection (a) and accessible to 
the Administration.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    ``(d) Regulations.--The Administrator shall promulgate 
such regulations as are necessary to carry out this 
section.''.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for chapter 
201 of title 51, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the 
item relating to section 20147 the following:</DELETED>

<DELETED>``20148. Medical monitoring and research relating to human 
                            space flight.''.

          <DELETED>TITLE V--ADVANCING SPACE SCIENCE</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 501. MAINTAINING A BALANCED SPACE SCIENCE 
              PORTFOLIO.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    (a) Science Portfolio.--Section 803 of the National 
Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (Public 
Law 111-267; 124 Stat. 2832) is amended to read as follows:</DELETED>

<DELETED>``SEC. 803. OVERALL SCIENCE PORTFOLIO.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    ``Congress restates its sense that--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(1) a balanced and adequately funded set of 
        activities, consisting of research and analysis grants 
        programs, technology development, suborbital research 
        activities, and small, medium, and large space missions, 
        contributes to a robust and productive science program and 
        serves as a catalyst for innovation and discovery; 
        and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(2) the Administrator should set science 
        priorities by following the guidance provided by the scientific 
        community through the National Academy of Sciences' decadal 
        surveys.''.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (b) Conforming Amendment.--The item relating to section 
803 in the table of contents in section 1(b) of the National 
Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (Public 
Law 111-267; 124 Stat. 2806) is amended by striking ``Overall science 
portfolio-sense of the Congress'' and inserting ``Overall science 
portfolio''.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 502. PLANETARY SCIENCE.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    (a) Findings.--Congress finds that--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) Administration support for planetary science 
        is critical to enabling greater understanding of the solar 
        system and the origin of the Earth;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) the United States leads the world in planetary 
        science and can augment its success in that area with 
        appropriate international, academic, and industry 
        partnerships;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (3) a mix of small, medium, and large planetary 
        science missions is required to sustain a steady cadence of 
        planetary exploration; and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (4) robotic planetary exploration is a key 
        component of preparing for future human exploration.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (b) Mission Priorities.--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) In general.--In accordance with the priorities 
        established in the most recent decadal survey for planetary 
        science, the Administrator shall ensure, to the greatest extent 
        practicable, the completion of a balanced set of Discovery, New 
        Frontiers, and flagship missions.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) Mission priority adjustments.--Consistent with 
        the set of missions described in paragraph (1), and while 
        maintaining the continuity of scientific data and steady 
        development of capabilities and technologies, the Administrator 
        may seek, if necessary, adjustments to mission priorities, 
        schedule, and scope in light of changing budget 
        projections.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 503. JAMES WEBB SPACE TELESCOPE.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) the James Webb Space Telescope should 
        significantly advance our understanding of star and planet 
        formation, improve our knowledge of the early universe, and 
        support United States leadership in astrophysics; and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) consistent with annual Government 
        Accountability Office reviews of the James Webb Space Telescope 
        program, the Administrator should continue robust surveillance 
        of the performance of the James Webb Space Telescope project 
        and continue to improve the reliability of cost estimates and 
        contractor performance data and other major spaceflight 
        projects in order to enhance NASA's ability to successfully 
        deliver the James Webb Space Telescope on-time and within 
        budget.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 504. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON WIDE-FIELD INFRARED SURVEY 
              TELESCOPE.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    It is the sense of Congress that--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope 
        (commonly known as ``WFIRST'') mission has the potential to 
        enable scientific discoveries that will transform our 
        understanding of the universe; and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) the Administrator, to the extent practicable, 
        should make progress on the technologies and capabilities 
        needed to position the Administration to meet the objectives, 
        as outlined in the 2010 National Academies' Astronomy and 
        Astrophysics Decadal Survey, in a way that maximizes the 
        scientific productivity of meeting those objectives for the 
        resources invested.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 505. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON MARS 2020 ROVER.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    It is the sense of Congress that--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) the Mars 2020 mission, to develop a Mars rover 
        and to enable the return of samples to Earth, should remain a 
        priority for NASA; and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) the Mars 2020 mission--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (A) should significantly increase our 
                understanding of Mars;</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (B) should help determine whether life 
                previously existed on that planet; and</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (C) should provide opportunities to gather 
                knowledge and demonstrate technologies that address the 
                challenges of future human expeditions to 
                Mars.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 506. EUROPA.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    (a) Findings.--Congress makes the following 
findings:</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) Studies of Europa, Jupiter's moon, indicate 
        that Europa may provide a habitable environment, as it contains 
        key ingredients known to support life on Earth, including 
        liquid water, heat, chemistry, and time.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) In 2012, using the Hubble Space Telescope, 
        NASA scientists observed water vapor around the south polar 
        region of Europa, which provides potential evidence of water 
        plumes in that region.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (3) For decades, the Europa mission has 
        consistently ranked as a high priority mission for the 
        scientific community.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (4) The Europa mission was ranked as the top 
        priority mission in the previous Planetary Science Decadal 
        Survey and ranked as the second-highest priority in the current 
        Planetary Science Decadal Survey.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (b) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) the Europa mission could provide another 
        avenue in which to capitalize on our Nation's current 
        investment in the Space Launch System that would significantly 
        reduce the transit time for such a deep space mission; 
        and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) a scientific, robotic exploration mission to 
        Europa, as prioritized in both Planetary Science Decadal 
        Surveys, should be supported.</DELETED>

           <DELETED>TITLE VI--MAXIMIZING EFFICIENCY</DELETED>

        <DELETED>Subtitle A--Agency Information Technology and 
                        Cybersecurity</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 611. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY GOVERNANCE.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    (a) In General.--The Administrator, in consultation with 
the chief information officer of NASA, shall--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) ensure the NASA Chief Information Officer has 
        a significant role in the management, governance, and oversight 
        processes related to information technology operations and 
        investments and information security programs for the 
        protection of NASA systems;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) establish the NASA Chief Information Officer 
        as a direct report to the Administrator;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (3) ensure the NASA Chief Information Officer has 
        the appropriate resources and insight to oversee NASA 
        information technology and information security operations and 
        investments;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (4) provide an information technology program 
        management framework to increase the efficiency and 
        effectiveness of information technology investments, including 
        relying on metrics for identifying and reducing potential 
        duplication, waste, and cost;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (5) establish a monetary threshold for all agency 
        information technology investments and related contracts, 
        including non-highly and highly specialized and specialized 
        information technology, regardless of the procurement 
        instrument, over which the NASA Chief Information Officer shall 
        have final approval;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (6) improve the operational linkage between the 
        NASA Chief Information Officer and each NASA mission 
        directorate, center, and mission support office to ensure both 
        agency and mission needs are considered in agency-wide 
        information technology and information security management and 
        oversight;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (7) review the portfolio of information technology 
        investments and spending, including information technology-
        related investments included as part of activities within NASA 
        mission directorates that may not be considered information 
        technology, to ensure investments are recognized and reported 
        appropriately based on guidance from the Office of Management 
        and Budget;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (8) consider appropriate revisions to the charters 
        of information technology boards and councils that inform 
        information technology investment and operation decisions; 
        and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (9) consider whether the Chief Information Officer 
        should have a seat on any boards or councils described in 
        paragraph (8).</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 612. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY STRATEGIC PLAN.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    (a) In General.--Subject to subsection (b), the NASA Chief 
Information Officer, in consultation with the chief information officer 
of each Administration center, shall develop an information technology 
strategic plan to guide NASA information technology management and 
strategic objectives.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (b) Requirements.--In developing the strategic plan, the 
NASA Chief Information Officer shall ensure that the strategic plan is 
consistent with--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) the deadline under section 306(a) of title 5, 
        United States Code; and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) the requirements under section 3506 of title 
        44, United States Code.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (c) Contents.--The strategic plan shall include--
</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) near and long-term goals and objectives for 
        leveraging information technology;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) a plan for how the NASA Chief Information 
        Officer will submit to Congress of a list of information 
        technology projects, including completion dates and risk level 
        in accordance with guidance from the Office of Management and 
        Budget;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (3) an implementation overview for an agency-wide 
        centralized approach to information technology investments and 
        operations, including reducing barriers to cross-center 
        collaboration;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (4) coordination by the NASA Chief Information 
        Officer with centers and mission directorates to ensure that 
        information technology policies are effectively and efficiently 
        implemented across the agency;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (5) a plan to increase the efficiency and 
        effectiveness of information technology investments, including 
        a description of how unnecessarily duplicative, wasteful, 
        legacy, or outdated information technology across NASA will be 
        identified and eliminated, and a schedule for the 
        identification and elimination of such information 
        technology;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (6) a plan for improving the information security 
        of agency information and agency information systems, including 
        improving security control assessments and role-based security 
        training of employees; and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (7) submission by the NASA Chief Information 
        Officer to Congress of information regarding high risk projects 
        and cybersecurity risks.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (d) Congressional Oversight.--The NASA Chief Information 
Officer shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress the 
strategic plan under subsection (a) and any updates thereto.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 613. CYBERSECURITY.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    (a) Finding.--The security of NASA information and 
information systems is vital to the success of the mission of the 
agency.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (b) Information Security Plan.--Section 1207 of the 
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 
(42 U.S.C. 18445) is amended--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) by redesignating subsections (a) through (c) 
        as subsections (b) through (d), respectively;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) by inserting before subsection (b), as 
        redesignated, the following:</DELETED>
<DELETED>    ``(a) Agency-Wide Information Security Plan.--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the 
        date of enactment of the National Aeronautics and Space 
        Administration Transition Authorization Act of 2016, the 
        Administrator shall implement the information security plan 
        developed under paragraph (2) and take such further actions as 
        the Administrator considers necessary to improve the 
        information security system in accordance with this 
        section.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(2) Information security plan.--Subject to 
        paragraphs (3), (4), and (5), the chief information officer of 
        NASA, shall develop an agency-wide information security plan to 
        enhance information security for NASA information and 
        information infrastructure.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(3) Requirements.--In developing the plan under 
        paragraph (2), the chief information officer shall ensure that 
        the plan--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(A) is consistent with policies, 
                standards, guidelines, and directives on information 
                security under subchapter II of chapter 35 of title 44, 
                United States Code;</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(B) is consistent with the standards and 
                guidelines under section 11331 of title 40, United 
                States Code; and</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(C) meets applicable National Institute 
                of Standards and Technology information security 
                standards and guidelines.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(4) Approval.--The chief information officer 
        shall submit the plan to the Administrator for approval prior 
        to its implementation.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(5) Contents.--The plan shall include--
        </DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(A) an overview of the requirements of 
                the information security system;</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(B) an agency-wide risk management 
                framework for information security;</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(C) a description of the information 
                security system management controls and common controls 
                that are necessary to ensure compliance with 
                information security-related requirements;</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(D) an identification and assignment of 
                roles, responsibilities, and management commitment for 
                information security at the agency;</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(E) coordination among organizational 
                entities, including between each center, facility, 
                mission directorate, and mission support office, and 
                among agency entities responsible for different aspects 
                of information security;</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(F) heightened consideration of the need 
                to protect the information security of mission-critical 
                systems and activities and high-impact and moderate-
                impact information systems; and</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(G) a schedule of frequent reviews and 
                updates, as necessary, of the plan.''; and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (3) in subsection (b), as redesignated--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (A) in paragraph (1)--</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    (i) in subparagraph (B), by 
                        striking ``; and'' and inserting a 
                        semicolon;</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    (ii) in subparagraph (C), by 
                        striking the period at the end and inserting 
                        ``; and''; and</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    (iii) by adding at the end the 
                        following:</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(D) an update on the agency's efforts to 
                apply additional information security protections to 
                secure high-impact and moderate-impact information 
                systems and mission-critical systems and activities, 
                including those systems that control spacecraft and 
                maintain critical data sources.''; and</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (B) in paragraph (2), by striking 
                ``section 3545'' and inserting ``section 
                3555''.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 614. OVERSIGHT IMPLEMENTATION PROGRESS.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this 
Act, and periodically thereafter until the information security plan 
under section 1207 of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 
Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18445), as amended, is developed 
and implemented agency-wide, the Administrator shall provide to the 
appropriate committees of Congress an update on the progress made 
toward implementation of or response to--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) the information security plan under that 
        section; and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) the information security-related 
        recommendations made by the NASA Inspector General and the 
        Comptroller General in the 5 years preceding the date of 
        enactment of this Act.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 615. SOFTWARE OVERSIGHT.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    The Administrator shall--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) develop a strategic plan to transition NASA 
        from legacy software by adopting a service-based acquisition 
        model in line with industry best practices;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) develop and implement an agency-wide software 
        license management policy to improve centralization, lifecycle 
        management, and procurement education, including education on 
        contract negotiations, relevant laws and regulations, and 
        agency-wide contract terms and conditions; and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (3) direct an agency-wide inventory of NASA's 
        total software licenses and spending, including costs, 
        benefits, usage, and trending data.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 616. SECURITY MANAGEMENT OF FOREIGN NATIONAL 
              ACCESS.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    The Administrator shall notify the appropriate committees 
of Congress when the agency has implemented the information technology 
security recommendations from the National Academy of Public 
Administration on foreign national access management, based on reports 
from January 2014 and March 2016.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 617. CYBERSECURITY OF WEB APPLICATIONS.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the NASA Chief Information Officer shall--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) develop a plan, including such actions and 
        milestones as are necessary, to fully remediate security 
        vulnerabilities of NASA web applications within a timely 
        fashion after discovery; and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) implement the recommendation from the NASA 
        Inspector General in the audit report dated July 10, 2014, (IG-
        14-023) to remove from the Internet or secure with a web 
        application firewall all NASA web applications in development 
        or testing mode.</DELETED>

<DELETED>Subtitle B--Collaboration Among Mission Directorates and Other 
                           Matters</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 621. COLLABORATION AMONG MISSION DIRECTORATES.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    The Administrator shall encourage an interdisciplinary 
approach among all NASA mission directorates and divisions, whenever 
appropriate, for projects or missions--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) to improve coordination, and encourage 
        collaboration and early planning on scope;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) to determine areas of overlap or 
        alignment;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (3) to find ways to leverage across divisional 
        perspectives to maximize the outcomes; and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (4) to be more efficient with resources and 
        funds.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 622. NASA LAUNCH CAPABILITIES COLLABORATION.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    (a) Findings.--Congress makes the following 
findings:</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) The Launch Services Program is responsible for 
        the acquisition, management, and technical oversight of 
        commercial launch services for NASA's science and robotic 
        missions.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) The Commercial Crew Program is responsible for 
        the acquisition, management, and technical oversight of 
        commercial crew transportation systems.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (3) The Launch Services Program and Commercial 
        Crew Program have worked together to gain exceptional technical 
        insight into the contracted launch service providers that are 
        common to both programs.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (4) The Launch Services Program has a long history 
        of oversight of 12 different launch vehicles and over 80 
        launches.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (5) Co-location of the Launch Services Program and 
        Commercial Crew Program has enabled the Commercial Crew Program 
        to efficiently obtain the launch vehicle technical expertise of 
        and provide engineering and analytical support to the 
        Commercial Crew Program.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (b) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) the Launch Services Program and Commercial 
        Crew Program each benefit from communication and coordination 
        of launch manifests, technical information, and common launch 
        vehicle insight between the programs; and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) such communication and coordination is enabled 
        by the co-location of the programs.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (c) In General.--The Administrator shall pursue a strategy 
for acquisition of crewed transportation services and non-crewed launch 
services that continues to enhance communication, collaboration, and 
coordination between the Launch Services Program and the Commercial 
Crew Program.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 623. COMMERCIAL SPACE LAUNCH COOPERATION.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    (a) Finding.--Congress recognized the benefit of 
commercial space launch cooperation between the Federal Government and 
the private sector when it granted the Secretary of Defense authority 
to foster cooperation between the Department of Defense and certain 
covered entities relating to space transportation infrastructure under 
section 2276 of title 10, United States Code.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (b) In General.--Chapter 505 of title 51, United States 
Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:</DELETED>
<DELETED>``Sec. 50507. Commercial launch cooperation</DELETED>
<DELETED>    ``(a) Authority for Agreements Relating to Space 
Transportation Infrastructure.--Notwithstanding section 50504, the 
Administrator--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(1) may enter into an agreement with a covered 
        entity to provide the covered entity with support and services 
        related to the space transportation infrastructure of the 
        Administration--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(A) to maximize the use of the space 
                transportation infrastructure of the Administration by 
                the private sector in the United States; and</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(B) to encourage commercial space 
                activities by enabling investment by covered entities 
                in the space transportation infrastructure of the 
                Administration; and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(2) at the request of the covered entity, may 
        include that support and services in the contracted space 
        launch and reentry range support requirements of the 
        Administration if--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(A) the Administrator determines that 
                including that support and services in the 
                requirements--</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(i) is in the best interest of 
                        the Federal Government;</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(ii) does not interfere with the 
                        requirements of the Administration; 
                        and</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(iii) does not compete with the 
                        commercial space activities of other covered 
                        entities; and</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(B) any commercial requirement included 
                in the agreement has full non-Federal funding before 
                the execution of the agreement.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    ``(b) Contributions.--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(1) In general.--The Administrator may enter 
        into an agreement with a covered entity on a cooperative and 
        voluntary basis to accept funds, services, and equipment to 
        carry out the purposes in subsection (a)(1).</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(2) Use of contributions.--Any funds, services, 
        or equipment accepted by the Administrator under this 
        subsection--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(A) may be used only for the objectives 
                specified in this section in accordance with terms of 
                use set forth in the agreement entered into under this 
                subsection; and</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(B) shall be managed by the 
                Administrator in accordance with regulations 
                promulgated under subsection (d).</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(3) Requirements with respect to agreements.--An 
        agreement entered into with a covered entity under this 
        subsection shall--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(A) address the terms of use, ownership, 
                and disposition of the funds, services, or equipment 
                contributed under the agreement; and</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(B) include a provision that the covered 
                entity will not recover the costs of its contribution 
                through any other agreement with the United 
                States.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    ``(c) Annual Report.--Not later than January 31 of each 
year, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of 
Congress a report on the process used to establish agreements under 
subsections (a) and (b), including noticing announcements of 
opportunities and criteria for selecting a covered entity, and the 
funds, services, and equipment accepted and used by the Administrator 
under this section during the preceding fiscal year.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    ``(d) Regulations.--The Administrator shall promulgate 
regulations to carry out this section.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    ``(e) Definitions.--In this section:</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(1) Covered entity.--In this section, the term 
        `covered entity' means--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(A) a non-Federal entity that--
                </DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(i) is organized under the laws 
                        of the United States or of any jurisdiction 
                        within the United States; and</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(ii) is engaged in commercial 
                        space activities; or</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(B) an entity that controls, is 
                controlled by, or is under common control with, a non-
                Federal entity described in subparagraph (A).</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(2) Launch support facilities.--The term `launch 
        support facilities' has the meaning given the term in section 
        50501.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(3) Space recovery support facilities.--The term 
        `space recovery support facilities' has the meaning given the 
        term in section 50501.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(4) Space transportation infrastructure.--The 
        term `space transportation infrastructure' has the meaning 
        given that term in section 50501.''.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (c) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for chapter 
505 of title 51, United States Code, is amended by adding after the 
item relating to section 50506 the following:</DELETED>

<DELETED>``50507. Commercial space launch cooperation.''.

<DELETED>SEC. 624. DETECTION AND AVOIDANCE OF COUNTERFEIT 
              PARTS.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    (a) Findings.--Congress finds the following:</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) A 2012 investigation by the Committee on Armed 
        Services of the Senate of counterfeit electronic parts in the 
        Department of Defense supply chain from 2009 through 2010 
        uncovered 1,800 cases and over one million counterfeit parts 
        and exposed the threat such counterfeit parts pose to service 
        members and national security.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) Since 2010, the Comptroller General of the 
        United States has identified in 3 separate reports the risks 
        and challenges associated with counterfeit parts and 
        counterfeit prevention at both the Department of Defense and 
        NASA, including inconsistent definitions of counterfeit parts, 
        poorly targeted quality control practices, and potential 
        barriers to improvements to these practices.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (b) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that 
the presence of counterfeit electronic parts in the NASA supply chain 
poses a danger to United States government astronauts, crew, and other 
personnel and a risk to the agency overall.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (c) Regulations.--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) In general.--Not later than 270 days after the 
        date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall revise 
        the NASA Supplement to the Federal Acquisition Regulation to 
        improve the detection and avoidance of counterfeit electronic 
        parts in the supply chain.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) Contractor responsibilities.--In revising the 
        regulations under paragraph (1), the Administrator shall--
        </DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (A) require each covered contractor--
                </DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    (i) to detect and avoid the use or 
                        inclusion of any counterfeit parts in 
                        electronic parts or products that contain 
                        electronic parts; and</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    (ii) to take such corrective 
                        actions as the Administrator considers 
                        necessary to remedy the use or inclusion 
                        described in clause (i);</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    (iii) including a subcontractor, 
                        to notify the applicable NASA contracting 
                        officer not later than 30 calendar days after 
                        the date the covered contractor becomes aware, 
                        or has reason to suspect, that any end item, 
                        component, part or material contained in 
                        supplies purchased by NASA, or purchased by a 
                        covered contractor or subcontractor for 
                        delivery to, or on behalf of, NASA, contains a 
                        counterfeit electronic part or suspect 
                        counterfeit electronic part;</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (B) prohibit the cost of counterfeit 
                electronic parts, suspect counterfeit electronic parts, 
                and any corrective action described under subparagraph 
                (A)(ii) from being included as allowable costs under 
                agency contracts, unless--</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    (i) the covered contractor has an 
                        operational system to detect and avoid 
                        counterfeit electronic parts and suspect 
                        counterfeit electronic parts that has been 
                        reviewed and approved by NASA or the Department 
                        of Defense; and</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    (ii) the covered contractor has 
                        provided the notice under subparagraph 
                        (A)(iii); or</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    (iii) the counterfeit electronic 
                        parts or suspect counterfeit electronic parts 
                        were provided to the covered contractor as 
                        Government property in accordance with part 45 
                        of the Federal Acquisition 
                        Regulation.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (3) Suppliers of electronic parts.--In revising 
        the regulations under paragraph (1), the Administrator shall--
        </DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (A) require NASA and covered contractors, 
                including subcontractors, at all tiers--</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    (i) to obtain electronic parts 
                        that are in production or currently available 
                        in stock from--</DELETED>
                                <DELETED>    (I) the original 
                                manufacturers of the parts or their 
                                authorized dealers; or</DELETED>
                                <DELETED>    (II) suppliers who obtain 
                                such parts exclusively from the 
                                original manufacturers of the parts or 
                                their authorized dealers; and</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    (ii) to obtain electronic parts 
                        that are not in production or currently 
                        available in stock from suppliers that meet 
                        qualification requirements established under 
                        subparagraph (C);</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (B) establish documented requirements 
                consistent with published industry standards or 
                Government contract requirements for--</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    (i) notification of the agency; 
                        and</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    (ii) inspection, testing, and 
                        authentication of electronic parts that NASA or 
                        a covered contractor, including a 
                        subcontractor, obtains from any source other 
                        than a source described in subparagraph 
                        (A);</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (C) establish qualification requirements, 
                consistent with the requirements of section 2319 of 
                title 10, United States Code, pursuant to which NASA 
                may identify suppliers that have appropriate policies 
                and procedures in place to detect and avoid counterfeit 
                electronic parts and suspect counterfeit electronic 
                parts; and</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (D) authorize a covered contractor, 
                including a subcontractor, to identify and use 
                additional suppliers beyond those identified under 
                subparagraph (C) if--</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    (i) the standards and processes 
                        for identifying such suppliers comply with 
                        established industry standards;</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    (ii) the covered contractor 
                        assumes responsibility for the authenticity of 
                        parts provided by such suppliers under 
                        paragraph (2); and</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    (iii) the selection of such 
                        suppliers is subject to review and audit by 
                        NASA.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (d) Definitions.--In this section:</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) Covered contractor.--The term ``covered 
        contractor'' means a contractor that supplies an electronic 
        part, or a product that contains an electronic part, to 
        NASA.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) Electronic part.--The term ``electronic part'' 
        means a discrete electronic component, including a 
        microcircuit, transistor, capacitor, resistor, or diode, that 
        is intended for use in a safety or mission critical 
        application.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 625. EDUCATION AND OUTREACH.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) United States competitiveness in the 21st 
        century requires engaging the science, technology, engineering, 
        and mathematics (referred to in this section as ``STEM'') 
        talent in all States;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) the Administration is uniquely positioned to 
        educate and inspire students and the broader public on STEM 
        subjects and careers;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (3) the Administration's Education Mission 
        Directorates, along with the other mission directorates, have 
        been effective in delivering educational content because of the 
        strong engagement of Administration scientists and engineers in 
        the Administration's education and outreach activities; 
        and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (4) the Administration's education and outreach 
        programs, including the Experimental Program to Stimulate 
        Competitive Research (EPSCoR) and the Space Grant College and 
        Fellowship Program, reflect the Administration's successful 
        commitment to growing and diversifying the national science and 
        engineering workforce.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (b) Continuation of Education and Outreach Activities and 
Programs.--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) In general.--The Administrator shall continue 
        engagement with the public and education opportunities for 
        students via all the Administration's mission directorates to 
        the maximum extent practicable.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) Report.--Not later than 60 days after the date 
        of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the 
        appropriate committees of Congress a report on the 
        Administration's near-term outreach plans for advancing space 
        law education.</DELETED>

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``National 
Aeronautics and Space Administration Transition Authorization Act of 
2016''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents of this Act is as 
follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Definitions.

                TITLE I--AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS

Sec. 101. Fiscal year 2017.

            TITLE II--SUSTAINING NATIONAL SPACE COMMITMENTS

Sec. 201. Sense of Congress on sustaining national space commitments.
Sec. 202. Findings.

    TITLE III--MAXIMIZING UTILIZATION OF THE ISS AND LOW-EARTH ORBIT

Sec. 301. Operation of the ISS.
Sec. 302. Transportation to ISS.
Sec. 303. ISS transition plan.
Sec. 304. Indemnification; NASA launch services and reentry services.

            TITLE IV--ADVANCING HUMAN DEEP SPACE EXPLORATION

           Subtitle A--Human Exploration Goals and Objectives

Sec. 411. Human exploration long-term goals.
Sec. 412. Goals and objectives.
Sec. 413. Vision for space exploration.
Sec. 414. Exploration plan and programs.
Sec. 415. Stepping stone approach to exploration.

         Subtitle B--Assuring Core Capabilities for Exploration

Sec. 421. Space Launch System and Orion.

                      Subtitle C--Journey to Mars

Sec. 431. Space technology infusion.
Sec. 432. Findings on human space exploration.
Sec. 433. Strategic framework for human spaceflight and exploration.
Sec. 434. Advanced space suit capability.
Sec. 435. Asteroid robotic redirect mission.

     Subtitle D--Scott Kelly Human Spaceflight and Exploration Act

Sec. 441. Short title.
Sec. 442. Findings; sense of Congress.
Sec. 443. Medical monitoring and research relating to human space 
                            flight.

                    TITLE V--ADVANCING SPACE SCIENCE

Sec. 501. Maintaining a balanced space science portfolio.
Sec. 502. Planetary science.
Sec. 503. James Webb Space Telescope.
Sec. 504. Sense of Congress on Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope.
Sec. 505. Sense of Congress on Mars 2020 rover.
Sec. 506. Europa.

                    TITLE VI--MAXIMIZING EFFICIENCY

      Subtitle A--Agency Information Technology and Cybersecurity

Sec. 611. Information technology governance.
Sec. 612. Information technology strategic plan.
Sec. 613. Cybersecurity.
Sec. 614. Oversight implementation progress.
Sec. 615. Software oversight.
Sec. 616. Security management of foreign national access.
Sec. 617. Cybersecurity of web applications.

 Subtitle B--Collaboration Among Mission Directorates and Other Matters

Sec. 621. Collaboration among mission directorates.
Sec. 622. NASA launch capabilities collaboration.
Sec. 623. Commercial space launch cooperation.
Sec. 624. Detection and avoidance of counterfeit parts.
Sec. 625. Education and outreach.
Sec. 626. Leveraging commercial satellite servicing capabilities across 
                            mission directorates.
Sec. 627. Flight opportunities.
Sec. 628. Sense of Congress on small class launch missions.

SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.

    In this Act:
            (1) Administration.--The term ``Administration'' means the 
        National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
            (2) Administrator.--The term ``Administrator'' means the 
        Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space 
        Administration.
            (3) Appropriate committees of congress.--The term 
        ``appropriate committees of Congress'' means--
                    (A) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
                Transportation of the Senate; and
                    (B) the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology 
                of the House of Representatives.
            (4) Cis-lunar space.--The term ``cis-lunar space'' means 
        the region of space from the Earth out to and including the 
        region around the surface of the Moon.
            (5) Deep space.--The term ``deep space'' means the region 
        of space beyond low-Earth orbit, to include cis-lunar space.
            (6) Government astronaut.--The term ``government 
        astronaut'' has the meaning given the term in section 50902 of 
        title 51, United States Code.
            (7) ISS.--The term ``ISS'' means the International Space 
        Station.
            (8) ISS management entity.--The term ``ISS management 
        entity'' means the organization with which the Administrator 
        has a cooperative agreement under section 504(a) of the 
        National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act 
        of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18354(a)).
            (9) NASA.--The term ``NASA'' means the National Aeronautics 
        and Space Administration.
            (10) Orion.--The term ``Orion'' means the multipurpose crew 
        vehicle described under section 303 of the National Aeronautics 
        and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 
        18323).
            (11) Space launch system.--The term ``Space Launch System'' 
        has the meaning given the term in section 3 of the National 
        Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 
        (42 U.S.C. 18302).

                TITLE I--AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS

SEC. 101. FISCAL YEAR 2017.

    There are authorized to be appropriated to NASA for fiscal year 
2017, $19,508,000,000, as follows:
            (1) For Exploration, $4,532,000,000.
            (2) For Space Operations, $4,950,700,000.
            (3) For Science, $5,395,000,000.
            (4) For Aeronautics, $601,000,000.
            (5) For Space Technology, $686,500,000.
            (6) For Education, $108,000,000.
            (7) For Safety, Security, and Mission Services, 
        $2,796,700,000.
            (8) For Construction and Environmental Compliance and 
        Restoration, $400,000,000.
            (9) For Inspector General, $38,100,000.

            TITLE II--SUSTAINING NATIONAL SPACE COMMITMENTS

SEC. 201. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON SUSTAINING NATIONAL SPACE COMMITMENTS.

    It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) the United States, in collaboration with its 
        international, academic, and industry partners, should sustain 
        and build upon our national space commitments and investments 
        across Administrations with a continuity of purpose to advance 
        recent achievements of space exploration and space science to 
        extend humanity's reach into deep space, including cis-lunar 
        space, the Moon, the surface and moons of Mars, and beyond;
            (2) NASA leaders can best leverage investments in the 
        United States space program by continuing to develop a balanced 
        portfolio for space exploration and space science, including 
        continued development of the Space Launch System, Orion, 
        Commercial Crew Program, Commercial Resupply Services Program, 
        the James Webb Space Telescope, and the ongoing operations of 
        the ISS;
            (3) a national, government-led space program that builds on 
        current science and exploration programs, advances human 
        knowledge and capabilities, and opens the frontier beyond Earth 
        for ourselves, our international partners, commercial 
        enterprise, and science is of critical importance to our 
        national destiny and to a future guided by United States values 
        and freedoms;
            (4) continuity of purpose and effective execution of core 
        NASA programs are essential for efficient use of resources in 
        pursuit of timely and tangible accomplishments;
            (5) NASA could improve its efficiency and effectiveness by 
        working with industry to streamline existing programs and 
        requirements, procurement practices, institutional footprint, 
        and bureaucracy while preserving effective program oversight, 
        accountability, and safety;
            (6) United States government astronauts changed the 
        trajectory of human history toward the promise of the stars, 
        and it is imperative that the United States maintain and 
        enhance its leadership in space exploration and continue to 
        expand freedom and opportunities in space for all Americans 
        that are consistent with the Constitution of the United States; 
        and
            (7) NASA is and should remain a multimission agency with a 
        balanced and robust set of core missions in science, space 
        technology, aeronautics, human space flight and exploration, 
        and education.

SEC. 202. FINDINGS.

    Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) Challenges of the past, such as the cancellation of 
        major programs, have disrupted completion of major space 
        systems thereby--
                    (A) impeding planning and pursuit of national 
                objectives in human space exploration;
                    (B) placing the Nation's investment in space 
                exploration at risk; and
                    (C) degrading the aerospace industrial base.
            (2) The National Aeronautics and Space Administration 
        Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18301 et seq.) reflects a 
        broad, bipartisan agreement on the path forward for NASA's core 
        missions in science, space technology, aeronautics, human space 
        flight and exploration, and education, which serves as the 
        foundation for the policy updates by this Act.
            (3) Sustaining the investment and maximizing utilization of 
        the ISS and ISS National Laboratory with our international and 
        industry partners is--
                    (A) consistent with the goals and objectives of the 
                United States space program; and
                    (B) imperative to continuing United States global 
                leadership in human space exploration, science, 
                research, technology development, and education 
                opportunities that contribute to development of the 
                next generation of American scientists, engineers, and 
                leaders, and to creating the opportunity for economic 
                development of low-Earth orbit.
            (4) NASA has made measurable progress in development and 
        testing of the Space Launch System and Orion exploration 
        systems with the near-term objectives of the initial integrated 
        test flight and launch in 2018, a human mission in 2021, and 
        continued missions with an annual cadence in cis-lunar space 
        and eventually to the surface of Mars.
            (5) The Commercial Crew Program is on schedule to 
        reestablish the capability to launch United States government 
        astronauts from United States soil into low-Earth orbit by the 
        end of 2018.
            (6) The Aerospace Safety Advisory Panel, in its 2015 Annual 
        Report, urged continuity of purpose noting concerns over the 
        potential for cost overruns and schedule slips that could 
        accompany significant changes to core NASA programs.

    TITLE III--MAXIMIZING UTILIZATION OF THE ISS AND LOW-EARTH ORBIT

SEC. 301. OPERATION OF THE ISS.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) after 15 years of continuous human presence in low-
        Earth orbit, the ISS continues to overcome challenges and 
        operate safely;
            (2) expansion of partnerships, scientific research, 
        commercial applications, and exploration testbed capabilities 
        of the ISS is essential to ensuring the greatest return on 
        investments made by the United States and its international 
        space partners in the development, assembly, and operations of 
        that unique facility;
            (3) a stable and successful Commercial Resupply Services 
        Program and Commercial Crew Program are critical to ensuring 
        timely provisioning of the ISS and to reestablishing the 
        capability to launch United States government astronauts from 
        United States soil into low-Earth orbit;
            (4) sustaining United States leadership and progress in 
        human space exploration is enabled in part by continuing 
        utilization of the ISS--
                    (A) to facilitate the commercialization and 
                economic development of low-Earth orbit;
                    (B) to serve as a testbed for technologies, and to 
                conduct scientific research and development; and
                    (C) as an orbital facility enabling research upon--
                            (i) the health, well-being, and performance 
                        of humans in space; and
                            (ii) the development of in-space systems 
                        enabling human space exploration beyond low-
                        Earth orbit;
            (5) the Administrator should continue to support the 
        development of the Commercial Crew Program as planned to end 
        reliance upon Russian transport of United States government 
        astronauts to the ISS which has not been possible since the 
        retirement of the Space Shuttle program in 2011; and
            (6) the ISS should continue to provide a platform for 
        fundamental, microgravity, discovery-based space life and 
        physical sciences research that is critical for enabling space 
        exploration, protecting humans in space, increasing pathways 
        for commercial space development that depend on advances in 
        basic research, and contribute to advancing science, 
        technology, engineering, and mathematics research.
    (b) Continuation of the ISS.--Congress reaffirms the policy set 
forth in section 501 of the National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18351) that it 
shall be the policy of the United States, in consultation with its 
international partners in the ISS program, to support full and complete 
utilization of the ISS through at least 2024.

SEC. 302. TRANSPORTATION TO ISS.

    (a) Sense of Congress on Commercial Crew Program and Commercial 
Resupply Services Program.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) NASA should build upon the success of the Commercial 
        Orbital Transportation Services and Commercial Resupply 
        Services programs that have allowed private sector companies to 
        partner with NASA to deliver cargo and scientific experiments 
        to the ISS since 2012;
            (2) once certified to meet NASA's safety and reliability 
        requirements and fully operational to meet ISS crew transfer 
        needs, the Commercial Crew Program transportation systems 
        should serve as the primary means of transporting United States 
        government astronauts and international partner astronauts from 
        United States soil to and from the ISS;
            (3) Commercial Crew Program transportation systems should 
        have the capability of serving as ISS emergency crew rescue 
        vehicles;
            (4) the 21st Century Launch Complex Program has enabled 
        significant modernization and infrastructure improvements at 
        launch sites across the United States to support NASA's 
        Commercial Resupply Services Program and other civil and 
        commercial space flight missions; and
            (5) the 21st Century Launch Complex Program should be 
        continued in a manner that leverages State and private 
        investments to achieve the goals of the program.
    (b) United States Policy.--It is the policy of the United States 
that, to foster the competitive development, operation, improvement and 
commercial availability of space transportation services, services for 
Federal Government access to and return from the ISS, whenever 
practicable, shall be procured via fair and open competition for well-
defined, milestone-based, Federal Acquisition Regulation-based 
contracts under section 201(a) of the National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18311(a)).
    (c) Commercial Cargo Program.--Section 401 of the National 
Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (42 
U.S.C. 18341) is amended by striking ``Commercial Orbital 
Transportation Services'' and inserting ``Commercial Resupply 
Services''.
    (d) Crew Safety.--The Administrator shall protect the safety of 
United States crews by ensuring commercial crew systems meet all 
applicable human rating requirements in accordance with section 
403(b)(1) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 
Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18342(b)(1)).

SEC. 303. ISS TRANSITION PLAN.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds that NASA has been both the primary 
supplier and consumer of human space flight capabilities and services 
of the ISS and in low-Earth orbit.
    (b) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that an orderly 
transition is needed for United States human space flight activities in 
low-Earth orbit from the current regime, that relies heavily on NASA 
sponsorship, to a regime where NASA is one of many customers of a low-
Earth orbit commercial human space flight enterprise.
    (c) Reports.--Section 50111 of title 51, United States Code, is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(c) ISS Transition Plan.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Administrator, in coordination with 
        the ISS management entity, ISS partners, the scientific user 
        community, and the commercial space sector, shall develop a 
        plan to transition in a step-wise approach from the current 
        regime that relies heavily on NASA sponsorship to a regime 
        where NASA is one of many customers of a low-Earth orbit 
        commercial human space flight enterprise.
            ``(2) Reports.--Not later than December 1, 2017, and 
        triennially thereafter until 2023, the Administrator shall 
        submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report that 
        includes--
                    ``(A) an identification of low-Earth orbit 
                capabilities necessary to meet the Administration's 
                deep space human space flight exploration objectives 
                and mission requirements beyond the period of operation 
                and utilization of the ISS described in section 503 of 
                the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 
                Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18353), if any;
                    ``(B) steps NASA is taking and will take, including 
                demonstrations that could be conducted on the ISS, to 
                stimulate and facilitate commercial demand and supply 
                of products and services in low-Earth orbit;
                    ``(C) an assessment of current and projected 
                commercial activities in low-Earth orbit, including on 
                the ISS, and their potential for meeting the 
                capabilities identified in subparagraph (A);
                    ``(D) an identification of barriers preventing the 
                commercialization of low-Earth orbit, including issues 
                relating to policy, regulations, commercial 
                intellectual property, data, and confidentiality, that 
                could inhibit the use of the ISS as a commercial 
                incubator;
                    ``(E) an evaluation of the feasible and preferred 
                service life of the ISS beyond the period described in 
                section 503 of the National Aeronautics and Space 
                Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 
                18353), through at least 2028, as a unique scientific, 
                commercial, and exploration-related facility, 
                including--
                            ``(i) a general discussion of international 
                        partner capabilities and prospects for 
                        extending the partnership, to include the 
                        potential for participation by additional 
                        countries, for the purposes of the human 
                        development and exploration of deep space;
                            ``(ii) a review of essential systems, 
                        equipment upgrades, or potential maintenance 
                        that would be necessary to extend ISS 
                        operations and utilization;
                            ``(iii) an evaluation of the cost and 
                        schedule requirements associated with the 
                        development and delivery of essential systems, 
                        equipment upgrades, or potential maintenance 
                        identified under clause (ii);
                            ``(iv) an identification of possible 
                        international, academic, or industry partner 
                        contributions, cost-share, and program 
                        transitions to provide the upgrades identified 
                        under clause (ii);
                            ``(v) impacts on the goals and objectives 
                        of the ISS National Laboratory and the 
                        management entity responsible for operation of 
                        the ISS National Laboratory;
                            ``(vi) impacts on services provided by the 
                        Commercial Resupply Services Program and 
                        Commercial Crew Program to the ISS;
                            ``(vii) impacts on the use of the ISS as a 
                        testbed to transition functions of the ISS to 
                        the commercial space sector and enhance 
                        economic development of low-Earth orbit, 
                        including the evolution of self-sustaining 
                        commercial activities;
                            ``(viii) an assessment on the technical 
                        limiting factors of the ISS lifetime, including 
                        a list of critical components and their 
                        expected lifetime and availability;
                            ``(ix) an evaluation of the potential for 
                        expanding the use of ISS facilities to 
                        accommodate the needs of researchers and other 
                        users, including changes to policies, 
                        regulations, and laws that would stimulate 
                        greater private and public involvement on the 
                        ISS; and
                            ``(x) such other information as may be 
                        necessary to fully describe the justification 
                        for and feasibility of extending the service 
                        life of the ISS, including the potential 
                        scientific or technological benefits to the 
                        Federal Government, public, or to academic or 
                        commercial entities;
                    ``(F) an evaluation of the functions, roles, and 
                responsibilities for management and operation of the 
                ISS and a determination of--
                            ``(i) those functions, roles, and 
                        responsibilities the Federal Government should 
                        retain during the lifecycle of the ISS;
                            ``(ii) those functions, roles, and 
                        responsibilities that could be transferred to 
                        the commercial space sector;
                            ``(iii) the metrics that would indicate the 
                        commercial space sector's readiness and ability 
                        to assume the functions, roles, and 
                        responsibilities described in clause (ii); and
                            ``(iv) any necessary changes to any 
                        agreements or other documents and the law to 
                        enable the activities described in 
                        subparagraphs (B) and (C); and
                    ``(G) a description of the progress on meeting 
                human exploration research objectives on ISS and 
                prospects for accomplishing future exploration and 
                other research objectives on future commercially 
                supplied low-Earth orbit platforms or migration of 
                those objectives to cis-lunar space.
            ``(3) Demonstrations.--Demonstrations identified under 
        paragraph (2) may--
                    ``(A) test the capabilities described in paragraph 
                (2)(A); and
                    ``(B) demonstrate or test capabilities, including 
                commercial modules or deep space habitats, 
                Environmental Control and Life Support Systems, orbital 
                satellite assembly, exploration space suits, a node 
                that enables a wide variety of activity, including 
                multiple commercial modules and airlocks, additional 
                docking or berthing ports for commercial crew and 
                cargo, opportunities for the commercial space sector to 
                cost share for transportation and other services on the 
                ISS, and other commercial activities.''.

SEC. 304. INDEMNIFICATION; NASA LAUNCH SERVICES AND REENTRY SERVICES.

    (a) In General.--Subchapter III of chapter 201 of title 51, United 
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 20148. Indemnification; NASA launch services and reentry 
              services
    ``(a) In General.--Under such regulations in conformity with this 
section as the Administrator shall prescribe taking into account the 
availability, cost, and terms of liability insurance, any contract 
between the Administration and a provider may provide that the United 
States will indemnify the provider against successful claims (including 
reasonable expenses of litigation or settlement) by third parties for 
death, bodily injury, or loss of or damage to property resulting from 
launch services and reentry services carried out under the contract 
that the contract defines as unusually hazardous or nuclear in nature, 
but only to the extent the total amount of successful claims related to 
the activities under the contract--
            ``(1) is more than the amount of insurance or demonstration 
        of financial responsibility described in subsection (c)(3); and
            ``(2) is not more than the amount specified in section 
        50915(a)(1)(B).
    ``(b) Terms of Indemnification.--A contract made under subsection 
(a) that provides indemnification shall provide for--
            ``(1) notice to the United States of any claim or suit 
        against the provider for death, bodily injury, or loss of or 
        damage to property; and
            ``(2) control of or assistance in the defense by the United 
        States, at its election, of that claim or suit and approval of 
        any settlement.
    ``(c) Liability Insurance of the Provider.--
            ``(1) In general.--The provider under subsection (a) shall 
        obtain liability insurance or demonstrate financial 
        responsibility in amounts to compensate for the maximum 
        probable loss from claims by--
                    ``(A) a third party for death, bodily injury, or 
                property damage or loss resulting from a launch service 
                or reentry service carried out under the contract; and
                    ``(B) the United States Government for damage or 
                loss to Government property resulting from a launch 
                service or reentry service carried out under the 
                contract.
            ``(2) Maximum probable losses.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Administrator shall 
                determine the maximum probable losses under 
                subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (1) not later 
                than 90 days after the date that the provider requests 
                such a determination and submits all information the 
                Administrator requires.
                    ``(B) Revisions.--The Administrator may revise a 
                determination under subparagraph (A) of this paragraph 
                if the Administrator determines the revision is 
                warranted based on new information.
            ``(3) Amount of insurance.--For the total claims related to 
        one launch or reentry, a provider shall not be required to 
        obtain insurance or demonstrate financial responsibility of 
        more than--
                    ``(A)(i) $500,000,000 under paragraph (1)(A); or
                            ``(ii) $100,000,000 under paragraph (1)(B); 
                        or
                    ``(B) the maximum liability insurance available on 
                the world market at reasonable cost.
            ``(4) Coverage.--An insurance policy or demonstration of 
        financial responsibility under this subsection shall protect 
        the following, to the extent of their potential liability for 
        involvement in launch services or reentry services:
                    ``(A) The Government.
                    ``(B) Personnel of the Government.
                    ``(C) Related entities of the Government.
                    ``(D) Related entities of the provider.
                    ``(E) Government astronauts.
    ``(d) No Indemnification Without Cross-waiver.--Notwithstanding 
subsection (a), the Administrator may not indemnify a provider under 
this section unless there is a cross-waiver between the Administration 
and the provider as described in subsection (e).
    ``(e) Cross-Waivers.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Administrator, on behalf of the 
        United States and its departments, agencies, and 
        instrumentalities, shall reciprocally waive claims with a 
        provider under which each party to the waiver agrees to be 
        responsible, and agrees to ensure that its related entities are 
        responsible, for damage or loss to its property, or for losses 
        resulting from any injury or death sustained by its employees 
        or agents, as a result of activities arising out of the 
        performance of the contract.
            ``(2) Limitation.--The waiver made by the Government under 
        paragraph (1) shall apply only to the extent that the claims 
        are more than the amount of insurance or demonstration of 
        financial responsibility required under subsection (c)(1)(B).
    ``(f) Willful Misconduct.--Indemnification under subsection (a) may 
exclude claims resulting from the willful misconduct of the provider or 
its related entities.
    ``(g) Certification of Just and Reasonable Amount.--No payment may 
be made under subsection (a) unless the Administrator or the 
Administrator's designee certifies that the amount is just and 
reasonable.
    ``(h) Payments.--
            ``(1) In general.--Upon the approval by the Administrator, 
        payments under subsection (a) may be made from funds 
        appropriated for such payments.
            ``(2) Limitation.--The Administrator shall not approve 
        payments under paragraph (1), except to the extent provided in 
        an appropriation law or to the extent additional legislative 
        authority is enacted providing for such payments.
            ``(3) Additional appropriations.--If the Administrator 
        requests additional appropriations to make payments under this 
        subsection, then the request for those appropriations shall be 
        made in accordance with the procedures established under 
        section 50915.
    ``(i) Rules of Construction.--
            ``(1) In general.--The authority to indemnify under this 
        section shall not create any rights in third persons that would 
        not otherwise exist by law.
            ``(2) Other authority.--Nothing in this section may be 
        construed as prohibiting the Administrator from indemnifying a 
        provider or any other NASA contractor under other law, 
        including under Public Law 85-804 (50 U.S.C. 1431 et seq.).
            ``(3) Anti-deficiency act.--Notwithstanding any other 
        provision of this section--
                    ``(A) all obligations under this section are 
                subject to the availability of funds; and
                    ``(B) nothing in this section may be construed to 
                require obligation or payment of funds in violation of 
                sections 1341, 1342, 1349 through 1351, and 1511 
                through 1519 of title 31, United States Code (commonly 
                referred to as the `Anti-Deficiency Act').
    ``(j) Relationship to Other Laws.--The Administrator may not 
provide indemnification under this section for an activity that 
requires a license or permit under chapter 509.
    ``(k) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Government astronaut.--The term `government 
        astronaut' has the meaning given the term in section 50902.
            ``(2) Launch services.--The term `launch services' has the 
        meaning given the term in section 50902.
            ``(3) Provider.--The term `provider' means a person that 
        provides domestic launch services or domestic reentry services 
        to the Government.
            ``(4) Reentry services.--The term `reentry services' has 
        the meaning given the term in section 50902.
            ``(5) Related entity.--The term `related entity' means a 
        contractor or subcontractor.
            ``(6) Third party.--The term `third party' means a person 
        except--
                    ``(A) the United States Government;
                    ``(B) related entities of the Government involved 
                in launch services or reentry services;
                    ``(C) a provider;
                    ``(D) related entities of the provider involved in 
                launch services or reentry services; or
                    ``(E) a government astronaut.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--The table of contents for subchapter III 
of chapter 201 of title 51, United States Code, is amended by inserting 
after the item relating to section 20147 the following:

``20148. Indemnification; NASA launch services and reentry services.''.

            TITLE IV--ADVANCING HUMAN DEEP SPACE EXPLORATION

           Subtitle A--Human Exploration Goals and Objectives

SEC. 411. HUMAN EXPLORATION LONG-TERM GOALS.

    Section 202(a) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 
Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18312(a)) is amended to read as 
follows:
    ``(a) Long-term Goals.--The long-term goals of the human space 
flight and exploration efforts of NASA shall be--
            ``(1) to expand permanent human presence beyond low-Earth 
        orbit and to do so, where practical, in a manner involving 
        international, academic, and industry partners; and
            ``(2) the peaceful settlement of a location in space or on 
        another celestial body and a thriving space economy in the 21st 
        century.''.

SEC. 412. GOALS AND OBJECTIVES.

    Section 202(b) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 
Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18312(b)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (3), by striking ``; and'' and inserting a 
        semicolon;
            (2) in paragraph (4), by striking the period at the end and 
        inserting ``; and''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(5) to achieve human exploration of Mars, including the 
        establishment of a capability to extend human presence, 
        including potential human habitation, on the surface of 
        Mars.''.

SEC. 413. VISION FOR SPACE EXPLORATION.

    Section 20302 of title 51, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by inserting ``in cis-lunar space 
        or'' after ``sustained human presence''; and
            (2) by amending subsection (b) to read as follows:
    ``(b) Future Exploration of Mars.--The Administrator shall manage 
human space flight programs, including the Space Launch System and 
Orion, to enable humans to explore Mars and other destinations by 
defining a series of sustainable steps and conducting mission planning, 
research, and technology development on a timetable that is technically 
and fiscally possible, consistent with section 70504.''.

SEC. 414. EXPLORATION PLAN AND PROGRAMS.

    Section 70502(2) of title 51, United States Code, is amended to 
read as follows:
            ``(2) implement an exploration research and technology 
        development program to enable human and robotic operations 
        consistent with section 20302(b) of this title;''.

SEC. 415. STEPPING STONE APPROACH TO EXPLORATION.

    Section 70504 of title 51, United States Code, is amended to read 
as follows:
``Sec. 70504. Stepping stone approach to exploration
    ``(a) In General.--In order to maximize the cost-effectiveness of 
the long-term exploration and utilization activities of the United 
States, the Administrator shall take all necessary steps, including 
engaging international, academic, and industry partners, to ensure that 
activities in the Administration's human exploration program balance 
how those activities might also help meet the requirements of future 
exploration and utilization activities leading to human habitation on 
the surface of Mars.
    ``(b) Completion.--Within budgetary considerations, once an 
exploration-related project enters its development phase, the 
Administrator shall seek, to the maximum extent practicable, to 
complete that project without undue delays.''.

         Subtitle B--Assuring Core Capabilities for Exploration

SEC. 421. SPACE LAUNCH SYSTEM AND ORION.

    (a) Findings.--Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) NASA has made steady progress in developing and testing 
        the Space Launch System and Orion exploration systems with the 
        successful Exploration Flight Test of Orion in December of 
        2014, the final qualification test firing of the 5-segment 
        Space Launch System boosters in June 2016, and a full thrust, 
        full duration test firing of the RS-25 Space Launch System core 
        stage engine in August 2016.
            (2) Through the 21st Century Launch Complex program and 
        Exploration Ground Systems programs, NASA has made significant 
        progress in transforming exploration ground systems 
        infrastructure to meet NASA's mission requirements for the 
        Space Launch System and Orion and to modernize NASA's launch 
        complexes to the benefit of the civil, defense, and commercial 
        space sectors.
    (b) Sense of Congress on Space Launch System, Orion, and 
Exploration Ground Systems.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) as the United States works to send humans on a series 
        of missions on or near Mars in the 2030s, the United States 
        national space program should continue to make progress on its 
        commitment by fully developing the Space Launch System, Orion, 
        and related Exploration Ground Systems;
            (2) using the Space Launch System and Orion for a wide 
        range of contemplated missions will facilitate the national 
        defense, science, and exploration objectives of the United 
        States; and
            (3) the United States should have continuity of purpose for 
        Space Launch System and Orion in deep space exploration 
        missions, using them beginning with the uncrewed mission, EM-1, 
        planned for 2018, followed by the crewed mission, EM-2, in cis-
        lunar space planned for 2021, and for subsequent missions 
        beginning with EM-3 extending into cis-lunar space and 
        eventually to Mars.
    (c) In General.--
            (1) Exploration missions.--The Administrator shall continue 
        development of--
                    (A) an uncrewed exploration mission to demonstrate 
                the capability of both the Space Launch System and 
                Orion as an integrated system by 2018;
                    (B) a crewed exploration mission to demonstrate the 
                Space Launch System, including the Core Stage and 
                Exploration Upper Stages, and the crewed Orion mission 
                by 2021;
                    (C) subsequent missions beginning with EM-3 using 
                the Space Launch System and Orion to extend into cis-
                lunar space and eventually to Mars; and
                    (D) a deep space habitat as the next element in a 
                deep space exploration architecture along with the 
                Space Launch System and Orion.
            (2) Other uses.--The Administrator shall assess the utility 
        of the Space Launch System for use by the science community and 
        for other Federal Government launch needs, including 
        consideration of overall cost and schedule savings from reduced 
        transit times and increased science returns enabled by the 
        unique capabilities of the Space Launch System.

                      Subtitle C--Journey to Mars

SEC. 431. SPACE TECHNOLOGY INFUSION.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that advancing 
propulsion technology would improve the efficiency of trips to Mars and 
could shorten travel time to Mars, reduce astronaut health risks, and 
reduce radiation exposure, consumables, and mass of materials required 
for the journey.
    (b) Policy.--It is the policy of the United States that the 
Administrator shall develop technologies to support the 
Administration's core missions, as described in section 2(3) of the 
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 
(42 U.S.C. 18301(3)), and support sustained investments in early stage 
innovation, fundamental research, and technologies to expand the 
boundaries of the national aerospace enterprise.
    (c) Propulsion Technologies.--A goal of propulsion technologies 
developed under subsection (b) shall be to significantly reduce human 
travel time to Mars.

SEC. 432. FINDINGS ON HUMAN SPACE EXPLORATION.

    Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) In accordance with section 204 of the National 
        Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 
        (124 Stat. 2813), the National Academies of Sciences, 
        Engineering, and Medicine, through its Committee on Human 
        Spaceflight, conducted a review of the goals, core 
        capabilities, and direction of human space flight, and 
        published the findings and recommendations in a 2014 report 
        entitled, ``Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches 
        for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration''.
            (2) The Committee on Human Spaceflight included leaders 
        from the aerospace, scientific, security, and policy 
        communities.
            (3) With input from the public, the Committee on Human 
        Spaceflight concluded that many practical and aspirational 
        rationales for human space flight together constitute a 
        compelling case for continued national investment and pursuit 
        of human space exploration toward the horizon goal of Mars.
            (4) According to the Committee on Human Spaceflight, the 
        rationales include economic benefits, national security, 
        national prestige, inspiring students and other citizens, 
        scientific discovery, human survival, and a sense of shared 
        destiny.
            (5) The Committee on Human Spaceflight affirmed that Mars 
        is the appropriate long-term goal for the human space flight 
        program.
            (6) The Committee on Human Spaceflight recommended that 
        NASA define a series of sustainable steps and conduct mission 
        planning and technology development as needed to achieve the 
        long-term goal of placing humans on the surface of Mars.
            (7) Expanding human presence beyond low-Earth orbit and 
        advancing toward human missions to Mars requires early planning 
        and timely decisions to be made in the near-term on the 
        necessary courses of action for commitments to achieve short-
        term and long-term goals and objectives.
            (8) In addition to the 2014 report described in paragraph 
        (1), there are several independently developed reports or 
        concepts that describe potential Mars architectures or concepts 
        and identify Mars as the long-term goal for human space 
        exploration, including NASA's ``The Global Exploration 
        Roadmap'' of 2013, ``NASA's Journey to Mars-Pioneering Next 
        Steps in Space Exploration'' of 2015, NASA Jet Propulsion 
        Laboratory's ``Minimal Architecture for Human Journeys to 
        Mars'' of 2015, and Explore Mars' ``The Humans to Mars Report 
        2016''.

SEC. 433. STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK FOR HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT AND EXPLORATION.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) expanding human presence beyond low-Earth orbit and 
        advancing toward human missions to Mars in the 2030s requires 
        early planning and timely decisions to be made in the near-term 
        on the necessary courses of action for commitments to achieve 
        short-term and long-term goals and objectives;
            (2) for strong and sustained United States leadership, a 
        need exists to advance a strategic framework, addressing 
        exploration objectives in collaboration with international, 
        academic, and industry partners;
            (3) an approach that incrementally advances toward a long-
        term goal is one in which nearer-term developments and 
        implementation would influence future development and 
        implementation; and
            (4) a strategic framework should begin with low-Earth 
        orbit, then address progress beyond low-Earth orbit to cis-
        lunar space in greater detail, and then address future missions 
        ultimately aimed at human arrival and activities on or near 
        Mars.
    (b) Strategic Framework.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator shall develop a 
        strategic framework, including a critical decision plan, to 
        expand human presence beyond low-Earth orbit, including to cis-
        lunar space, the moons of Mars, the surface of Mars, and 
        beyond.
            (2) Scope.--The strategic framework shall include--
                    (A) an integrated set of exploration, science, and 
                other goals and objectives of a United States human 
                space exploration program with the long-term goal of 
                human missions near to or on the surface of Mars in the 
                2030s;
                    (B) opportunities for international, academic, and 
                industry partnerships for exploration-related systems, 
                services, research, and technology if those 
                opportunities provide cost-savings, accelerate program 
                schedules, or otherwise benefit the exploration 
                objectives developed under subparagraph (A);
                    (C) precursor missions in cis-lunar space and other 
                missions or activities necessary to meet the 
                exploration objectives developed under subparagraph 
                (A), including anticipated timelines and missions for 
                the Space Launch System and Orion;
                    (D) capabilities and technologies, including the 
                Space Launch System, Orion, a deep space habitat, and 
                other capabilities, that enable the exploration 
                objectives developed under subparagraph (A);
                    (E) a description of how cis-lunar elements, 
                objectives, and activities advance the human 
                exploration of Mars;
                    (F) an assessment of potential human health and 
                other risks, including radiation exposure; and
                    (G) mitigation plans, whenever possible, to address 
                the risks identified in subparagraph (F).
            (3) Considerations.--In developing the strategic framework, 
        the Administrator shall consider--
                    (A) using key exploration capabilities, namely the 
                Space Launch System and Orion;
                    (B) using existing commercially available 
                technologies and capabilities or those technologies and 
                capabilities being developed by industry for commercial 
                purposes;
                    (C) an organizational approach to ensure 
                collaboration and coordination among NASA's Mission 
                Directorates under section 621, when appropriate, 
                including to collect and return to Earth a sample from 
                the Martian surface;
                    (D) building upon the initial uncrewed mission, EM-
                1, and first crewed mission, EM-2, of the Space Launch 
                System and Orion to establish a sustainable cadence of 
                missions extending human exploration missions into cis-
                lunar space, including anticipated timelines and 
                milestones;
                    (E) developing the precursor missions and 
                activities that will demonstrate, test, and develop key 
                technologies and capabilities essential for achieving 
                human missions to Mars, including long-duration human 
                operations beyond low-Earth orbit, space suits, solar 
                electric propulsion, deep space habitats, environmental 
                control life support systems, Mars lander and ascent 
                vehicle, entry, descent, landing, ascent, Mars surface 
                systems, and in-situ resource utilization;
                    (F) demonstrating and testing 1 or more habitat 
                modules in cis-lunar space to prepare for Mars 
                missions;
                    (G) using public-private, firm fixed-price 
                partnerships, where practicable;
                    (H) collaborating with international, academic, and 
                industry partners, when appropriate;
                    (I) risks to human health and sensitive onboard 
                technologies, including radiation exposure;
                    (J) evaluating the risks identified through 
                research outcomes under the NASA Human Research 
                Program's Behavioral Health Element; and
                    (K) the recommendations and ideas of several 
                independently developed reports or concepts that 
                describe potential Mars architectures or concepts and 
                identify Mars as the long-term goal for human space 
                exploration, including the reports described under 
                section 432(8).
            (4) Critical decision plan on human space exploration.--As 
        part of the strategic framework, the Administrator shall 
        include a critical decision plan--
                    (A) identifying and defining key decisions guiding 
                human space exploration priorities and plans that need 
                to be made before June 30, 2020, including decisions 
                that may guide human space exploration capability 
                development, precursor missions, long-term missions, 
                and activities;
                    (B) defining decisions needed to maximize 
                efficiencies and resources for reaching the near, 
                intermediate, and long-term goals and objectives of 
                human space exploration; and
                    (C) identifying and defining timelines and 
                milestones for a sustainable cadence of missions 
                beginning with EM-3 for the Space Launch System and 
                Orion to extend human exploration from cis-lunar space 
                to the surface of Mars.
            (5) Reports.--The Administrator shall submit an initial 
        strategic framework, including a critical decision plan, to the 
        appropriate committees of Congress before December 1, 2017, and 
        an updated strategic framework biennially thereafter.

SEC. 434. ADVANCED SPACE SUIT CAPABILITY.

    Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
detailed plan for achieving an advanced space suit capability that 
aligns with the crew needs for exploration enabled by the Space Launch 
System and Orion, including an evaluation of the merit of delivering 
the planned suit system for use on the ISS.

SEC. 435. ASTEROID ROBOTIC REDIRECT MISSION.

    (a) Findings.--Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) NASA initially estimated that the Asteroid Robotic 
        Redirect Mission would launch in December 2020 and cost no more 
        than $1,250,000,000, excluding launch and operations.
            (2) On July 15, 2016, NASA conducted its Key Decision 
        Point-B review of the Asteroid Robotic Redirect Mission or 
        approval for Phase B in mission formulation.
            (3) During the Key Decision Point-B review, NASA estimated 
        that costs have grown to $1,400,000,000 excluding launch and 
        operations for a launch in December 2021 and the agency must 
        evaluate whether to accept the increase or reduce the Asteroid 
        Robotic Redirect Mission's scope to stay within the cost cap 
        set by the Administrator.
            (4) In April 2015, the NASA Advisory Council--
                    (A) issued a finding that--
                            (i) high-performance solar electric 
                        propulsion will likely be an important part of 
                        an architecture to send humans to Mars; and
                            (ii) maneuvering a large test mass is not 
                        necessary to provide a valid in-space test of a 
                        new solar electric propulsion stage;
                    (B) determined that a solar electric propulsion 
                mission will contribute more directly to the goal of 
                sending humans to Mars if the mission is focused 
                entirely on development and validation of the solar 
                electric propulsion stage; and
                    (C) determined that other possible motivations for 
                acquiring and maneuvering a boulder, such as asteroid 
                science and planetary defense, do not have value 
                commensurate with their probable cost.
            (5) The Asteroid Robotic Redirect Mission is competing for 
        resources with other critical exploration development programs, 
        including the Space Launch System, Orion, commercial crew, and 
        a habitation module.
            (6) In 2014, the NASA Advisory Council recommended that 
        NASA conduct an independent cost and technical assessment of 
        the Asteroid Robotic Redirect Mission.
            (7) NASA completed the assessment under paragraph (6) and 
        reviewed it as part of the agency's Key Decision Point-B 
        review.
            (8) In 2015, the NASA Advisory Council recommended that 
        NASA preserve the following key objectives if the program 
        needed to be descoped:
                    (A) Development of high power solar electric 
                propulsion.
                    (B) Ability to maneuver in a low gravity 
                environment in deep space.
            (9) In January 2015 and July 2015, the NASA Advisory 
        Council expressed its concern to NASA about the potential for 
        growing costs for the program and highlighted that choices 
        would need to be made about the program's content.
    (b) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) the technological and scientific goals of the Asteroid 
        Robotic Redirect Mission may not be commensurate with the cost; 
        and
            (2) alternative missions may provide a more cost effective 
        and scientifically beneficial means to demonstrate the 
        technologies needed for a human mission to Mars that would 
        otherwise be demonstrated by the Asteroid Robotic Redirect 
        Mission.
    (c) Evaluation and Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date 
of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall--
            (1) conduct an evaluation of--
                    (A) alternative approaches to the Asteroid Robotic 
                Redirect Mission for demonstrating the technologies and 
                capabilities needed for a human mission to Mars that 
                would otherwise be demonstrated by the Asteroid Robotic 
                Redirect Mission;
                    (B) the scientific and technical benefits of the 
                alternatives approaches identified in subparagraph (A) 
                compared to the Asteroid Redirect Robotic Mission to 
                future human exploration;
                    (C) the commercial benefits of the alternative 
                approaches identified in subparagraph (A), including 
                the impact on the development of domestic solar 
                electric propulsion technology to bolster United States 
                competitiveness in the global marketplace; and
                    (D) a comparison of the estimated costs of the 
                alternative approaches identified in subparagraph (A); 
                and
            (2) submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
        report on the evaluation under paragraph (1), including any 
        recommendations.

     Subtitle D--Scott Kelly Human Spaceflight and Exploration Act

SEC. 441. SHORT TITLE.

    This subtitle may be cited as the ``Scott Kelly Human Spaceflight 
and Exploration Act''.

SEC. 442. FINDINGS; SENSE OF CONGRESS.

    (a) Findings.--Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) Human space exploration can pose significant challenges 
        and is full of substantial risk, which has ultimately claimed 
        the lives of 24 National Aeronautics and Space Administration 
        astronauts serving in the line of duty.
            (2) As United States government astronauts participate in 
        long-duration and exploration spaceflight missions they may 
        experience increased health risks, such as vision impairment, 
        bone demineralization, and behavioral health and performance 
        risks, and may be exposed to galactic cosmic radiation. 
        Exposure to high levels of radiation and microgravity can 
        result in acute and long-term health consequences that can 
        increase the risk of cancer and tissue degeneration and have 
        potential effects on the musculoskeletal system, central 
        nervous system, cardiovascular system, immune function, and 
        vision.
            (3) To advance the goal of long-duration and exploration 
        spaceflight missions, United States government astronaut Scott 
        Kelly participated in a 1-year twins study in space while his 
        identical twin brother, former United States government 
        astronaut Mark Kelly, acted as a human control specimen on 
        Earth, providing an understanding of the physical, behavioral, 
        microbiological, and molecular reaction of the human body to an 
        extended period of time in space.
            (4) Since the Administration currently provides medical 
        monitoring, diagnosis, and treatment for United States 
        government astronauts during their active employment, given the 
        unknown long-term health consequences of long-duration space 
        exploration, the Administration has requested statutory 
        authority from Congress to provide medical monitoring, 
        diagnosis, and treatment to former United States government 
        astronauts for psychological and medical conditions associated 
        with human space flight.
    (b) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) the United States should continue to seek the unknown 
        and lead the world in space exploration and scientific 
        discovery as the Administration prepares for long-duration and 
        exploration spaceflight in deep space and an eventual mission 
        to Mars;
            (2) data relating to the health of astronauts will become 
        increasingly valuable to improving our understanding of many 
        diseases humans face on Earth;
            (3) the Administration should provide the type of 
        monitoring, diagnosis, and treatment described in subsection 
        (a) only for conditions the Administration considers unique to 
        the training or exposure to the spaceflight environment of 
        United States government astronauts and should not require any 
        former United States Government astronauts to participate in 
        the Administration's monitoring;
            (4) such monitoring, diagnosis, and treatment should not 
        replace a former United States government astronaut's private 
        health insurance;
            (5) expanded data acquired from such monitoring, diagnosis, 
        and treatment should be used to tailor treatment, inform the 
        requirements for new spaceflight medical hardware, and develop 
        controls in order to prevent disease occurrence in the 
        astronaut corps;
            (6) the Administration's existing radiation exposure 
        standards, which have been used for missions pertaining to the 
        Space Shuttle and the ISS, would limit missions to durations of 
        150 to 250 days and would pose significant challenges to long-
        duration or exploration spaceflight or a multiyear mission to 
        Mars; and
            (7) the 340-day space mission of Scott Kelly aboard the 
        ISS--
                    (A) was pivotal for the goal of the United States 
                for humans to explore deep space and Mars as the 
                mission generated new insight into how the human body 
                adjusts to weightlessness, isolation, radiation, and 
                the stress of long-duration space flight; and
                    (B) will help support the physical and mental well-
                being of astronauts during longer space exploration 
                missions in the future.

SEC. 443. MEDICAL MONITORING AND RESEARCH RELATING TO HUMAN SPACE 
              FLIGHT.

    (a) In General.--Subchapter III of chapter 201 of title 51, United 
States Code, as amended by section 304 of this Act, is further amended 
by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 20149. Medical monitoring and research relating to human space 
              flight
    ``(a) In General.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the 
Administrator may provide for the medical monitoring, diagnosis, and 
treatment of a United States government astronaut, or a former United 
States government astronaut or payload specialist, for conditions that 
the Administrator considers associated with human space flight, 
including scientific and medical tests for psychological and medical 
conditions.
    ``(b) Exclusions.--The Administrator may not--
            ``(1) provide for medical monitoring, diagnosis, or 
        treatment of a United States government astronaut, or a former 
        United States government astronaut or payload specialist, under 
        subsection (a) for any psychological or medical condition that 
        is not associated with human space flight; or
            ``(2) require a former United States government astronaut 
        or payload specialist to participate in the monitoring 
        authorized under subsection (a).
    ``(c) Privacy.--Consistent with applicable provisions of law 
relating to privacy, the Administrator shall protect the privacy of all 
medical records generated under subsection (a) and accessible to the 
Administration.
    ``(d) Regulations.--The Administrator shall promulgate such 
regulations as are necessary to carry out this section.''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for chapter 201 of 
title 51, United States Code, as amended by section 304 of this Act, is 
further amended by inserting after the item relating to section 20148 
the following:

``20149. Medical monitoring and research relating to human space 
                            flight.''.

                    TITLE V--ADVANCING SPACE SCIENCE

SEC. 501. MAINTAINING A BALANCED SPACE SCIENCE PORTFOLIO.

    (a) Science Portfolio.--Section 803 of the National Aeronautics and 
Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (Public Law 111-267; 124 
Stat. 2832) is amended to read as follows:

``SEC. 803. OVERALL SCIENCE PORTFOLIO.

    ``Congress restates its sense that--
            ``(1) a balanced and adequately funded set of activities, 
        consisting of research and analysis grant programs, technology 
        development, suborbital research activities, and small, medium, 
        and large space missions, contributes to a robust and 
        productive science program and serves as a catalyst for 
        innovation and discovery; and
            ``(2) the Administrator should set science priorities by 
        following the guidance provided by the scientific community 
        through the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and 
        Medicine's decadal surveys.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--The item relating to section 803 in the 
table of contents in section 1(b) of the National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (Public Law 111-267; 124 Stat. 
2806) is amended by striking ``Overall science portfolio-sense of the 
Congress'' and inserting ``Overall science portfolio''.

SEC. 502. PLANETARY SCIENCE.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds that--
            (1) Administration support for planetary science is 
        critical to enabling greater understanding of the solar system 
        and the origin of the Earth;
            (2) the United States leads the world in planetary science 
        and can augment its success in that area with appropriate 
        international, academic, and industry partnerships;
            (3) a mix of small, medium, and large planetary science 
        missions is required to sustain a steady cadence of planetary 
        exploration; and
            (4) robotic planetary exploration is a key component of 
        preparing for future human exploration.
    (b) Mission Priorities.--
            (1) In general.--In accordance with the priorities 
        established in the most recent decadal survey for planetary 
        science, the Administrator shall ensure, to the greatest extent 
        practicable, the completion of a balanced set of Discovery, New 
        Frontiers, and flagship missions.
            (2) Mission priority adjustments.--Consistent with the set 
        of missions described in paragraph (1), and while maintaining 
        the continuity of scientific data and steady development of 
        capabilities and technologies, the Administrator may seek, if 
        necessary, adjustments to mission priorities, schedule, and 
        scope in light of changing budget projections.

SEC. 503. JAMES WEBB SPACE TELESCOPE.

    It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) the James Webb Space Telescope should significantly 
        advance our understanding of star and planet formation, improve 
        our knowledge of the early universe, and support United States 
        leadership in astrophysics; and
            (2) consistent with annual Government Accountability Office 
        reviews of the James Webb Space Telescope program, the 
        Administrator should continue robust surveillance of the 
        performance of the James Webb Space Telescope project and 
        continue to improve the reliability of cost estimates and 
        contractor performance data and other major spaceflight 
        projects in order to enhance NASA's ability to successfully 
        deliver the James Webb Space Telescope on-time and within 
        budget.

SEC. 504. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON WIDE-FIELD INFRARED SURVEY TELESCOPE.

    It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope (commonly 
        known as ``WFIRST'') mission has the potential to enable 
        scientific discoveries that will transform our understanding of 
        the universe; and
            (2) the Administrator, to the extent practicable, should 
        make progress on the technologies and capabilities needed to 
        position the Administration to meet the objectives, as outlined 
        in the 2010 National Academies' Astronomy and Astrophysics 
        Decadal Survey, in a way that maximizes the scientific 
        productivity of meeting those objectives for the resources 
        invested.

SEC. 505. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON MARS 2020 ROVER.

    It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) the Mars 2020 mission, to develop a Mars rover and to 
        enable the return of samples to Earth, should remain a priority 
        for NASA; and
            (2) the Mars 2020 mission--
                    (A) should significantly increase our understanding 
                of Mars;
                    (B) should help determine whether life previously 
                existed on that planet; and
                    (C) should provide opportunities to gather 
                knowledge and demonstrate technologies that address the 
                challenges of future human expeditions to Mars.

SEC. 506. EUROPA.

    (a) Findings.--Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) Studies of Europa, Jupiter's moon, indicate that Europa 
        may provide a habitable environment, as it contains key 
        ingredients known to support life on Earth, including liquid 
        water, heat, chemistry, and time.
            (2) In 2012, using the Hubble Space Telescope, NASA 
        scientists observed water vapor around the south polar region 
        of Europa, which provides potential evidence of water plumes in 
        that region.
            (3) For decades, the Europa mission has consistently ranked 
        as a high priority mission for the scientific community.
            (4) The Europa mission was ranked as the top priority 
        mission in the previous Planetary Science Decadal Survey and 
        ranked as the second-highest priority in the current Planetary 
        Science Decadal Survey.
    (b) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) the Europa mission could provide another avenue in 
        which to capitalize on our Nation's current investment in the 
        Space Launch System that would significantly reduce the transit 
        time for such a deep space mission; and
            (2) a scientific, robotic exploration mission to Europa, as 
        prioritized in both Planetary Science Decadal Surveys, should 
        be supported.

                    TITLE VI--MAXIMIZING EFFICIENCY

      Subtitle A--Agency Information Technology and Cybersecurity

SEC. 611. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY GOVERNANCE.

    The Administrator, in consultation with the chief information 
officer of NASA, shall--
            (1) ensure the NASA Chief Information Officer has a 
        significant role in the management, governance, and oversight 
        processes related to information technology operations and 
        investments and information security programs for the 
        protection of NASA systems;
            (2) establish the NASA Chief Information Officer as a 
        direct report to the Administrator;
            (3) ensure the NASA Chief Information Officer has the 
        appropriate resources and insight to oversee NASA information 
        technology and information security operations and investments;
            (4) provide an information technology program management 
        framework to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of 
        information technology investments, including relying on 
        metrics for identifying and reducing potential duplication, 
        waste, and cost;
            (5) establish a monetary threshold for all agency 
        information technology investments and related contracts, 
        including non-highly and highly specialized and specialized 
        information technology, regardless of the procurement 
        instrument, over which the NASA Chief Information Officer shall 
        have final approval;
            (6) improve the operational linkage between the NASA Chief 
        Information Officer and each NASA mission directorate, center, 
        and mission support office to ensure both agency and mission 
        needs are considered in agency-wide information technology and 
        information security management and oversight;
            (7) review the portfolio of information technology 
        investments and spending, including information technology-
        related investments included as part of activities within NASA 
        mission directorates that may not be considered information 
        technology, to ensure investments are recognized and reported 
        appropriately based on guidance from the Office of Management 
        and Budget;
            (8) consider appropriate revisions to the charters of 
        information technology boards and councils that inform 
        information technology investment and operation decisions; and
            (9) consider whether the NASA Chief Information Officer 
        should have a seat on any boards or councils described in 
        paragraph (8).

SEC. 612. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY STRATEGIC PLAN.

    (a) In General.--Subject to subsection (b), the NASA Chief 
Information Officer, in consultation with the chief information officer 
of each Administration center, shall develop an information technology 
strategic plan to guide NASA information technology management and 
strategic objectives.
    (b) Requirements.--In developing the strategic plan, the NASA Chief 
Information Officer shall ensure that the strategic plan is consistent 
with--
            (1) the deadline under section 306(a) of title 5, United 
        States Code; and
            (2) the requirements under section 3506 of title 44, United 
        States Code.
    (c) Contents.--The strategic plan shall include--
            (1) near and long-term goals and objectives for leveraging 
        information technology;
            (2) a plan for how the NASA Chief Information Officer will 
        submit to Congress of a list of information technology 
        projects, including completion dates and risk level in 
        accordance with guidance from the Office of Management and 
        Budget;
            (3) an implementation overview for an agency-wide 
        centralized approach to information technology investments and 
        operations, including reducing barriers to cross-center 
        collaboration;
            (4) coordination by the NASA Chief Information Officer with 
        centers and mission directorates to ensure that information 
        technology policies are effectively and efficiently implemented 
        across the agency;
            (5) a plan to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of 
        information technology investments, including a description of 
        how unnecessarily duplicative, wasteful, legacy, or outdated 
        information technology across NASA will be identified and 
        eliminated, and a schedule for the identification and 
        elimination of such information technology;
            (6) a plan for improving the information security of agency 
        information and agency information systems, including improving 
        security control assessments and role-based security training 
        of employees; and
            (7) submission by the NASA Chief Information Officer to 
        Congress of information regarding high risk projects and 
        cybersecurity risks.
    (d) Congressional Oversight.--The NASA Chief Information Officer 
shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress the strategic 
plan under subsection (a) and any updates thereto.

SEC. 613. CYBERSECURITY.

    (a) Finding.--The security of NASA information and information 
systems is vital to the success of the mission of the agency.
    (b) Information Security Plan.--Section 1207 of the National 
Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (42 
U.S.C. 18445) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsections (a) through (c) as 
        subsections (b) through (d), respectively;
            (2) by inserting before subsection (b), as redesignated, 
        the following:
    ``(a) Agency-Wide Information Security Plan.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
        enactment of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 
        Transition Authorization Act of 2016, the Administrator shall 
        implement the information security plan developed under 
        paragraph (2) and take such further actions as the 
        Administrator considers necessary to improve the information 
        security system in accordance with this section.
            ``(2) Information security plan.--Subject to paragraphs 
        (3), (4), and (5), the chief information officer of NASA, shall 
        develop an agency-wide information security plan to enhance 
        information security for NASA information and information 
        infrastructure.
            ``(3) Requirements.--In developing the plan under paragraph 
        (2), the chief information officer shall ensure that the plan--
                    ``(A) is consistent with policies, standards, 
                guidelines, and directives on information security 
                under subchapter II of chapter 35 of title 44, United 
                States Code;
                    ``(B) is consistent with the standards and 
                guidelines under section 11331 of title 40, United 
                States Code; and
                    ``(C) meets applicable National Institute of 
                Standards and Technology information security standards 
                and guidelines.
            ``(4) Approval.--The chief information officer shall submit 
        the plan to the Administrator for approval prior to its 
        implementation.
            ``(5) Contents.--The plan shall include--
                    ``(A) an overview of the requirements of the 
                information security system;
                    ``(B) an agency-wide risk management framework for 
                information security;
                    ``(C) a description of the information security 
                system management controls and common controls that are 
                necessary to ensure compliance with information 
                security-related requirements;
                    ``(D) an identification and assignment of roles, 
                responsibilities, and management commitment for 
                information security at the agency;
                    ``(E) coordination among organizational entities, 
                including between each center, facility, mission 
                directorate, and mission support office, and among 
                agency entities responsible for different aspects of 
                information security;
                    ``(F) heightened consideration of the need to 
                protect the information security of mission-critical 
                systems and activities and high-impact and moderate-
                impact information systems; and
                    ``(G) a schedule of frequent reviews and updates, 
                as necessary, of the plan.''; and
            (3) in subsection (b), as redesignated--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``; 
                        and'' and inserting a semicolon;
                            (ii) in subparagraph (C), by striking the 
                        period at the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(D) an update on the agency's efforts to apply 
                additional information security protections to secure 
                high-impact and moderate-impact information systems and 
                mission-critical systems and activities, including 
                those systems that control spacecraft and maintain 
                critical data sources.''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``section 3545'' 
                and inserting ``section 3555''.

SEC. 614. OVERSIGHT IMPLEMENTATION PROGRESS.

    Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, and 
periodically thereafter until the information security plan under 
section 1207 of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 
Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18445), as amended, is developed 
and implemented agency-wide, the Administrator shall provide to the 
appropriate committees of Congress an update on the progress made 
toward implementation of or response to--
            (1) the information security plan under that section; and
            (2) the information security-related recommendations made 
        by the NASA Inspector General and the Comptroller General in 
        the 5 years preceding the date of enactment of this Act.

SEC. 615. SOFTWARE OVERSIGHT.

    The Administrator shall--
            (1) develop a strategic plan to transition NASA from legacy 
        software by adopting a service-based acquisition model in line 
        with industry best practices;
            (2) develop and implement an agency-wide software license 
        management policy to improve centralization, lifecycle 
        management, and procurement education, including education on 
        contract negotiations, relevant laws and regulations, and 
        agency-wide contract terms and conditions; and
            (3) direct an agency-wide inventory of NASA's total 
        software licenses and spending, including costs, benefits, 
        usage, and trending data.

SEC. 616. SECURITY MANAGEMENT OF FOREIGN NATIONAL ACCESS.

    The Administrator shall notify the appropriate committees of 
Congress when the agency has implemented the information technology 
security recommendations from the National Academy of Public 
Administration on foreign national access management, based on reports 
from January 2014 and March 2016.

SEC. 617. CYBERSECURITY OF WEB APPLICATIONS.

    Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the NASA Chief Information Officer shall--
            (1) develop a plan, including such actions and milestones 
        as are necessary, to fully remediate security vulnerabilities 
        of NASA web applications within a timely fashion after 
        discovery; and
            (2) implement the recommendation from the NASA Inspector 
        General in the audit report dated July 10, 2014, (IG-14-023) to 
        remove from the Internet or secure with a web application 
        firewall all NASA web applications in development or testing 
        mode.

 Subtitle B--Collaboration Among Mission Directorates and Other Matters

SEC. 621. COLLABORATION AMONG MISSION DIRECTORATES.

    The Administrator shall encourage an interdisciplinary approach 
among all NASA mission directorates and divisions, whenever 
appropriate, for projects or missions--
            (1) to improve coordination, and encourage collaboration 
        and early planning on scope;
            (2) to determine areas of overlap or alignment;
            (3) to find ways to leverage across divisional perspectives 
        to maximize outcomes; and
            (4) to be more efficient with resources and funds.

SEC. 622. NASA LAUNCH CAPABILITIES COLLABORATION.

    (a) Findings.--Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) The Launch Services Program is responsible for the 
        acquisition, management, and technical oversight of commercial 
        launch services for NASA's science and robotic missions.
            (2) The Commercial Crew Program is responsible for the 
        acquisition, management, and technical oversight of commercial 
        crew transportation systems.
            (3) The Launch Services Program and Commercial Crew Program 
        have worked together to gain exceptional technical insight into 
        the contracted launch service providers that are common to both 
        programs.
            (4) The Launch Services Program has a long history of 
        oversight of 12 different launch vehicles and over 80 launches.
            (5) Co-location of the Launch Services Program and 
        Commercial Crew Program has enabled the Commercial Crew Program 
        to efficiently obtain the launch vehicle technical expertise of 
        and provide engineering and analytical support to the 
        Commercial Crew Program.
    (b) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) the Launch Services Program and Commercial Crew Program 
        each benefit from communication and coordination of launch 
        manifests, technical information, and common launch vehicle 
        insight between the programs; and
            (2) such communication and coordination is enabled by the 
        co-location of the programs.
    (c) In General.--The Administrator shall pursue a strategy for 
acquisition of crewed transportation services and non-crewed launch 
services that continues to enhance communication, collaboration, and 
coordination between the Launch Services Program and the Commercial 
Crew Program.

SEC. 623. COMMERCIAL SPACE LAUNCH COOPERATION.

    (a) Finding.--Congress recognized the benefit of commercial space 
launch cooperation between the Federal Government and the private 
sector when it granted the Secretary of Defense authority to foster 
cooperation between the Department of Defense and certain covered 
entities relating to space transportation infrastructure under section 
2276 of title 10, United States Code.
    (b) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) the Administrator should take into account the unique 
        needs and obligations that multi-user, public State spaceports 
        may have with the State government as well as current and 
        prospective contractual arrangements with commercial and 
        government customers when developing and carrying out 
        agreements under section 50507 of title 51, United States Code, 
        with State spaceports operating on NASA facilities; and
            (2) the authority granted under section 50507 of title 51, 
        United States Code, is not intended to supersede or conflict 
        with the congressional intent and purposes codified in chapter 
        509 of that title, the responsibilities of the Secretary of 
        Transportation under section 50913 of that title, or with the 
        intent of section 50504 of that title.
    (c) In General.--Chapter 505 of title 51, United States Code, is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 50507. Commercial launch cooperation
    ``(a) Authority for Agreements Relating to Space Transportation 
Infrastructure.--The Administrator--
            ``(1) may enter into an agreement with a covered entity to 
        provide the covered entity with support and services related to 
        the space transportation infrastructure of the Administration--
                    ``(A) to maximize the use of the space 
                transportation infrastructure of the Administration by 
                the private sector in the United States;
                    ``(B) to maximize the effectiveness and efficiency 
                of the space transportation infrastructure of the 
                Administration;
                    ``(C) to reduce the cost of services provided by 
                the Administration related to space transportation 
                infrastructure at launch support facilities and space 
                recovery support facilities; and
                    ``(D) to encourage commercial space activities by 
                enabling investment by covered entities in the space 
                transportation infrastructure of the Administration; 
                and
            ``(2) at the request of the covered entity, may include 
        that support and services in the contracted space launch and 
        reentry range support requirements of the Administration if--
                    ``(A) the Administrator determines that including 
                that support and services in the requirements--
                            ``(i) is in the best interest of the 
                        Federal Government;
                            ``(ii) does not interfere with the 
                        requirements of the Administration;
                            ``(iii) does not compete with the 
                        commercial space activities of other covered 
                        entities; and
                            ``(iv) does not result in the 
                        Administration retaining ownership of assets 
                        which are no longer needed to meet a 
                        programmatic mission of the Administration; and
                    ``(B) any commercial requirement included in the 
                agreement has full non-Federal funding before the 
                execution of the agreement.
    ``(b) Contributions.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Administrator may enter into an 
        agreement with a covered entity on a cooperative and voluntary 
        basis to accept funds, services, and equipment to carry out the 
        purposes in subsection (a)(1).
            ``(2) Use of contributions.--Any funds, services, or 
        equipment accepted by the Administrator under this subsection--
                    ``(A) may be used only for the objectives specified 
                in this section in accordance with terms of use set 
                forth in the agreement entered into under this 
                subsection; and
                    ``(B) shall be managed by the Administrator in 
                accordance with procedures prescribed under subsection 
                (d).
            ``(3) Requirements with respect to agreements.--An 
        agreement entered into with a covered entity under this 
        subsection shall--
                    ``(A) address the terms of use, ownership, and 
                disposition of the funds, services, or equipment 
                contributed under the agreement;
                    ``(B) include a provision that the covered entity 
                will not recover the costs of its contribution through 
                any other agreement with the United States; and
                    ``(C) include a provision that the contribution of 
                a covered entity will not preclude access to or use by 
                another covered entity.
    ``(c) Annual Report.--Not later than January 31 of each year, the 
Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
report on the process used to establish agreements under subsections 
(a) and (b), including noticing announcements of opportunities and 
criteria for selecting a covered entity, and the funds, services, and 
equipment accepted and used by the Administrator under this section 
during the preceding fiscal year.
    ``(d) Procedures.--The Administrator shall prescribe procedures to 
carry out this section consistent with sections 50504 and 50913.
    ``(e) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Covered entity.--In this section, the term `covered 
        entity' means--
                    ``(A) a non-Federal entity that--
                            ``(i) is organized under the laws of the 
                        United States or of any jurisdiction within the 
                        United States; and
                            ``(ii) is engaged in commercial space 
                        activities; or
                    ``(B) an entity that controls, is controlled by, or 
                is under common control with, a non-Federal entity 
                described in subparagraph (A).
            ``(2) Launch support facilities.--The term `launch support 
        facilities' has the meaning given the term in section 50501.
            ``(3) Space recovery support facilities.--The term `space 
        recovery support facilities' has the meaning given the term in 
        section 50501.
            ``(4) Space transportation infrastructure.--The term `space 
        transportation infrastructure' has the meaning given that term 
        in section 50501.''.
    (d) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for chapter 505 of 
title 51, United States Code, is amended by adding after the item 
relating to section 50506 the following:

``50507. Commercial space launch cooperation.''.

SEC. 624. DETECTION AND AVOIDANCE OF COUNTERFEIT PARTS.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
            (1) A 2012 investigation by the Committee on Armed Services 
        of the Senate of counterfeit electronic parts in the Department 
        of Defense supply chain from 2009 through 2010 uncovered 1,800 
        cases and over 1,000,000 counterfeit parts and exposed the 
        threat such counterfeit parts pose to service members and 
        national security.
            (2) Since 2010, the Comptroller General of the United 
        States has identified in 3 separate reports the risks and 
        challenges associated with counterfeit parts and counterfeit 
        prevention at both the Department of Defense and NASA, 
        including inconsistent definitions of counterfeit parts, poorly 
        targeted quality control practices, and potential barriers to 
        improvements to these practices.
    (b) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that the 
presence of counterfeit electronic parts in the NASA supply chain poses 
a danger to United States government astronauts, crew, and other 
personnel and a risk to the agency overall.
    (c) Regulations.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 270 days after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall revise the NASA 
        Supplement to the Federal Acquisition Regulation to improve the 
        detection and avoidance of counterfeit electronic parts in the 
        supply chain.
            (2) Contractor responsibilities.--In revising the 
        regulations under paragraph (1), the Administrator shall--
                    (A) require each covered contractor--
                            (i) to detect and avoid the use or 
                        inclusion of any counterfeit parts in 
                        electronic parts or products that contain 
                        electronic parts;
                            (ii) to take such corrective actions as the 
                        Administrator considers necessary to remedy the 
                        use or inclusion described in clause (i); and
                            (iii) including a subcontractor, to notify 
                        the applicable NASA contracting officer not 
                        later than 30 calendar days after the date the 
                        covered contractor becomes aware, or has reason 
                        to suspect, that any end item, component, part 
                        or material contained in supplies purchased by 
                        NASA, or purchased by a covered contractor or 
                        subcontractor for delivery to, or on behalf of, 
                        NASA, contains a counterfeit electronic part or 
                        suspect counterfeit electronic part; and
                    (B) prohibit the cost of counterfeit electronic 
                parts, suspect counterfeit electronic parts, and any 
                corrective action described under subparagraph (A)(ii) 
                from being included as allowable costs under agency 
                contracts, unless--
                            (i)(I) the covered contractor has an 
                        operational system to detect and avoid 
                        counterfeit electronic parts and suspect 
                        counterfeit electronic parts that has been 
                        reviewed and approved by NASA or the Department 
                        of Defense; and
                                    (II) the covered contractor has 
                                provided the notice under subparagraph 
                                (A)(iii); or
                            (ii) the counterfeit electronic parts or 
                        suspect counterfeit electronic parts were 
                        provided to the covered contractor as 
                        Government property in accordance with part 45 
                        of the Federal Acquisition Regulation.
            (3) Suppliers of electronic parts.--In revising the 
        regulations under paragraph (1), the Administrator shall--
                    (A) require NASA and covered contractors, including 
                subcontractors, at all tiers--
                            (i) to obtain electronic parts that are in 
                        production or currently available in stock 
                        from--
                                    (I) the original manufacturers of 
                                the parts or their authorized dealers; 
                                or
                                    (II) suppliers who obtain such 
                                parts exclusively from the original 
                                manufacturers of the parts or their 
                                authorized dealers; and
                            (ii) to obtain electronic parts that are 
                        not in production or currently available in 
                        stock from suppliers that meet qualification 
                        requirements established under subparagraph 
                        (C);
                    (B) establish documented requirements consistent 
                with published industry standards or Government 
                contract requirements for--
                            (i) notification of the agency; and
                            (ii) inspection, testing, and 
                        authentication of electronic parts that NASA or 
                        a covered contractor, including a 
                        subcontractor, obtains from any source other 
                        than a source described in subparagraph (A);
                    (C) establish qualification requirements, 
                consistent with the requirements of section 2319 of 
                title 10, United States Code, pursuant to which NASA 
                may identify suppliers that have appropriate policies 
                and procedures in place to detect and avoid counterfeit 
                electronic parts and suspect counterfeit electronic 
                parts; and
                    (D) authorize a covered contractor, including a 
                subcontractor, to identify and use additional suppliers 
                beyond those identified under subparagraph (C) if--
                            (i) the standards and processes for 
                        identifying such suppliers comply with 
                        established industry standards;
                            (ii) the covered contractor assumes 
                        responsibility for the authenticity of parts 
                        provided by such suppliers under paragraph (2); 
                        and
                            (iii) the selection of such suppliers is 
                        subject to review and audit by NASA.
    (d) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Covered contractor.--The term ``covered contractor'' 
        means a contractor that supplies an electronic part, or a 
        product that contains an electronic part, to NASA.
            (2) Electronic part.--The term ``electronic part'' means a 
        discrete electronic component, including a microcircuit, 
        transistor, capacitor, resistor, or diode, that is intended for 
        use in a safety or mission critical application.

SEC. 625. EDUCATION AND OUTREACH.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) United States competitiveness in the 21st century 
        requires engaging the science, technology, engineering, and 
        mathematics (referred to in this section as ``STEM'') talent in 
        all States;
            (2) the Administration is uniquely positioned to educate 
        and inspire students and the broader public on STEM subjects 
        and careers;
            (3) the Administration's Education and Communication 
        Offices, Mission Directorates, and Centers have been effective 
        in delivering educational content because of the strong 
        engagement of Administration scientists and engineers in the 
        Administration's education and outreach activities; and
            (4) the Administration's education and outreach programs, 
        including the Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive 
        Research (EPSCoR) and the Space Grant College and Fellowship 
        Program, reflect the Administration's successful commitment to 
        growing and diversifying the national science and engineering 
        workforce.
    (b) Continuation of Education and Outreach Activities and 
Programs.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator shall continue 
        engagement with the public and education opportunities for 
        students via all the Administration's mission directorates to 
        the maximum extent practicable.
            (2) Report.--Not later than 60 days after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the 
        appropriate committees of Congress a report on the 
        Administration's near-term outreach plans for advancing space 
        law education.

SEC. 626. LEVERAGING COMMERCIAL SATELLITE SERVICING CAPABILITIES ACROSS 
              MISSION DIRECTORATES.

    (a) Findings.--Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) Refueling and relocating aging satellites to extend 
        their operational lifetimes is a capacity that NASA will 
        substantially benefit from and is important for lowering the 
        costs of ongoing scientific, national security, and commercial 
        satellite operations.
            (2) The technologies involved in satellite servicing, such 
        as dexterous robotic arms, propellant transfer systems, and 
        solar electric propulsion, are all critical capabilities to 
        support a human exploration mission to Mars.
    (b) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) satellite servicing is a vital capability that will 
        bolster the capacity and affordability of NASA's ongoing 
        scientific and human exploration operations while 
        simultaneously enhancing the ability of domestic companies to 
        compete in the global marketplace; and
            (2) future NASA satellites and spacecraft across mission 
        directorates should be constructed in a manner that allows for 
        servicing in order to maximize operational longevity and 
        affordability.
    (c) Leveraging of Capabilities.--The Administrator shall identify 
orbital assets in both the Science Mission Directorate and the Human 
Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate that could benefit from 
satellite servicing-related technologies, and shall work across all 
NASA mission directorates to evaluate opportunities for the private 
sector to perform such services or advance technical capabilities by 
leveraging the technologies and techniques developed by NASA programs 
and other industry programs.

SEC. 627. FLIGHT OPPORTUNITIES.

    (a) Development of Payloads.--
            (1) In general.--In order to conduct necessary research, 
        the Administrator shall continue and, as the Administrator 
        considers appropriate, expand the development of technology 
        payloads for--
                    (A) scientific research; and
                    (B) investigating new or improved capabilities.
            (2) Funds.--For the purpose of carrying out paragraph (1), 
        the Administrator shall make funds available for--
                    (A) flight testing;
                    (B) payload development; and
                    (C) hardware related to subparagraphs (A) and (B).
    (b) Reaffirmation of Policy.--Congress reaffirms that the 
Administrator should provide flight opportunities for payloads to 
microgravity environments and suborbital altitudes as authorized by 
section 907 of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 
Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18405).

SEC. 628. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON SMALL CLASS LAUNCH MISSIONS.

    It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) Venture Class Launch Services contracts awarded under 
        the Launch Services Program will expand opportunities for 
        future dedicated launches of CubeSats and other small 
        satellites and small orbital science missions; and
            (2) principal investigator-led small orbital science 
        missions, including CubeSat class, Small Explorer (SMEX) class, 
        and Venture class, offer valuable opportunities to advance 
        science at low cost, train the next generation of scientists 
        and engineers, and enable participants to acquire skills in 
        systems engineering and systems integration that are critical 
        to maintaining the Nation's leadership in space and to 
        enhancing United States innovation and competitiveness abroad.
                                                       Calendar No. 696

114th CONGRESS

  2d Session

                                S. 3346

                          [Report No. 114-390]

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL

    To authorize the programs of the National Aeronautics and Space 
                Administration, and for other purposes.

_______________________________________________________________________

                            December 5, 2016

                       Reported with an amendment