[Congressional Bills 114th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 3346 Introduced in Senate (IS)]

<DOC>






114th CONGRESS
  2d Session
                                S. 3346

    To authorize the programs of the National Aeronautics and Space 
                Administration, and for other purposes.


_______________________________________________________________________


                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                           September 15, 2016

 Mr. Cruz (for himself, Mr. Nelson, Mr. Rubio, Mr. Peters, Mr. Wicker, 
and Mr. Udall) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and 
   referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
    To authorize the programs of the National Aeronautics and Space 
                Administration, and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``National 
Aeronautics and Space Administration Transition Authorization Act of 
2016''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents of this Act is as 
follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Definitions.
                TITLE I--AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS

Sec. 101. Fiscal year 2017.
            TITLE II--SUSTAINING NATIONAL SPACE COMMITMENTS

Sec. 201. Sense of Congress on sustaining national space commitments.
Sec. 202. Findings.
    TITLE III--MAXIMIZING UTILIZATION OF THE ISS AND LOW-EARTH ORBIT

Sec. 301. Operation of the ISS.
Sec. 302. Transportation to ISS.
Sec. 303. ISS transition plan.
            TITLE IV--ADVANCING HUMAN DEEP SPACE EXPLORATION

           Subtitle A--Human Exploration Goals and Objectives

Sec. 411. Human exploration long-term goals.
Sec. 412. Goals and objectives.
Sec. 413. Vision for space exploration.
Sec. 414. Exploration plan and programs.
Sec. 415. Stepping stone approach to exploration.
         Subtitle B--Assuring Core Capabilities for Exploration

Sec. 421. Space Launch System and Orion.
                      Subtitle C--Journey to Mars

Sec. 431. Space technology infusion.
Sec. 432. Findings on human space exploration.
Sec. 433. Strategic framework for human spaceflight and exploration.
Sec. 434. Advanced space suit capability.
Sec. 435. Asteroid robotic redirect mission.
     Subtitle D--Scott Kelly Human Spaceflight and Exploration Act

Sec. 441. Short title.
Sec. 442. Findings; sense of Congress.
Sec. 443. Medical monitoring and research relating to human space 
                            flight.
                    TITLE V--ADVANCING SPACE SCIENCE

Sec. 501. Maintaining a balanced space science portfolio.
Sec. 502. Planetary science.
Sec. 503. James Webb Space Telescope.
Sec. 504. Sense of Congress on wide-field infrared survey telescope.
Sec. 505. Sense of Congress on Mars 2020 rover.
Sec. 506. Europa.
                    TITLE VI--MAXIMIZING EFFICIENCY

      Subtitle A--Agency Information Technology and Cybersecurity

Sec. 611. Information technology governance.
Sec. 612. Information technology strategic plan.
Sec. 613. Cybersecurity.
Sec. 614. Oversight implementation progress.
Sec. 615. Software oversight.
Sec. 616. Security management of foreign national access.
Sec. 617. Cybersecurity of web applications.
 Subtitle B--Collaboration Among Mission Directorates and Other Matters

Sec. 621. Collaboration among mission directorates.
Sec. 622. NASA launch capabilities collaboration.
Sec. 623. Commercial space launch cooperation.
Sec. 624. Detection and avoidance of counterfeit parts.
Sec. 625. Education and outreach.

SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.

    In this Act:
            (1) Administration.--The term ``Administration'' means the 
        National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
            (2) Administrator.--The term ``Administrator'' means the 
        Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space 
        Administration.
            (3) Appropriate committees of congress.--The term 
        ``appropriate committees of Congress'' means--
                    (A) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
                Transportation of the Senate; and
                    (B) the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology 
                of the House of Representatives.
            (4) Cis-lunar space.--The term ``cis-lunar space'' means 
        the region of space from the Earth out to and including the 
        region around the surface of the Moon.
            (5) Deep space.--The term ``deep space'' means the region 
        of space beyond low-Earth orbit, to include cis-lunar space.
            (6) Government astronaut.--The term ``government 
        astronaut'' has the meaning given the term in section 50902 of 
        title 51, United States Code.
            (7) ISS.--The term ``ISS'' means the International Space 
        Station.
            (8) ISS management entity.--The term ``ISS management 
        entity'' means the organization with which the Administrator 
        has a cooperative agreement under section 504(a) of the 
        National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act 
        of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18354(a)).
            (9) NASA.--The term ``NASA'' means the National Aeronautics 
        and Space Administration.
            (10) Orion.--The term ``Orion'' means the multipurpose crew 
        vehicle described under section 303 of the National Aeronautics 
        and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 
        18323).
            (11) Space launch system.--The term ``Space Launch System'' 
        has the meaning given the term in section 3 of the National 
        Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 
        (42 U.S.C. 18302).

                TITLE I--AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS

SEC. 101. FISCAL YEAR 2017.

    There are authorized to be appropriated to NASA for fiscal year 
2017, $19,508,000,000, as follows:
            (1) For Exploration, $4,532,000,000.
            (2) For Space Operations, $4,950,700,000.
            (3) For Science, $5,395,000,000.
            (4) For Aeronautics, $601,000,000.
            (5) For Space Technology, $686,500,000.
            (6) For Education, $108,000,000.
            (7) For Safety, Security, and Mission Services, 
        $2,796,700,000.
            (8) For Construction and Environmental Compliance and 
        Restoration, $400,000,000.
            (9) For Inspector General, $38,100,000.

            TITLE II--SUSTAINING NATIONAL SPACE COMMITMENTS

SEC. 201. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON SUSTAINING NATIONAL SPACE COMMITMENTS.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) the United States, in collaboration with its 
        international, academic, and industry partners, should sustain 
        and build upon our national space commitments and investments 
        across Administrations with a continuity of purpose to advance 
        recent achievements of space exploration and space science to 
        extend humanity's reach into deep space, including cis-lunar 
        space, the Moon, the surface and moons of Mars, and beyond;
            (2) NASA leaders can best leverage investments in the 
        United States space program by continuing to develop a balanced 
        portfolio for space exploration and space science, including 
        continued development of the Space Launch System, Orion, 
        Commercial Crew and Commercial Resupply Services, the James 
        Webb Space Telescope, and the ongoing operations of the 
        International Space Station;
            (3) a national, government-led space program that builds on 
        current science and exploration programs and advances human 
        knowledge and capabilities and opens the frontier beyond Earth 
        for ourselves, our international partners, commercial 
        enterprise, and science is of critical importance to our 
        national destiny and to a future guided by United States values 
        and freedoms;
            (4) continuity of purpose and effective execution of core 
        NASA programs are essential for efficient use of resources in 
        pursuit of timely and tangible accomplishments;
            (5) NASA could improve its efficiency and effectiveness by 
        working with industry to streamline existing programs and 
        requirements, procurement practices, institutional footprint, 
        and bureaucracy while preserving effective program oversight, 
        accountability, and safety;
            (6) United States Government astronauts changed the 
        trajectory of human history toward the promise of the stars, 
        and it is imperative that the United States maintain and 
        enhance its leadership in space exploration and continue to 
        expand freedom and opportunities in space for all Americans 
        that are consistent with the Constitution of the United States; 
        and
            (7) NASA is and should remain a multimission agency with a 
        balanced and robust set of core missions in science, space 
        technology, aeronautics, human space flight and exploration, 
        and education.

SEC. 202. FINDINGS.

    (a) Findings.--Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) Challenges of the past, such as the cancellation of 
        major programs, have disrupted completion of major space 
        systems thereby--
                    (A) impeding planning and pursuit of national 
                objectives in human space exploration;
                    (B) placing the Nation's investment in space 
                exploration at risk; and
                    (C) degrading the aerospace industrial base.
            (2) The National Aeronautics and Space Administration 
        Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18301 et seq.) reflects a 
        broad, bipartisan agreement on the path forward for NASA's core 
        missions in science, space technology, aeronautics, human space 
        flight and exploration, and education, which serves as the 
        foundation for the policy updates by this Act.
            (3) Sustaining the investment and maximizing utilization of 
        the ISS and ISS National Laboratory with our international and 
        industry partners is--
                    (A) consistent with the goals and objectives of the 
                United States space program; and
                    (B) imperative to continuing United States global 
                leadership in human space exploration, science, 
                research, technology development, and education 
                opportunities that contribute to development of the 
                next generation of American scientists, engineers, and 
                leaders, and to creating the opportunity for economic 
                development of low-Earth orbit.
            (4) NASA has made measurable progress in development and 
        testing of the Space Launch System and Orion exploration 
        systems with the near-term objectives of the initial integrated 
        test flight and launch in 2018, a human mission in 2021, and 
        continued missions in cis-lunar space and eventually to the 
        surface of Mars.
            (5) The Commercial Crew Program is on schedule to 
        reestablish the capability to launch United States government 
        astronauts from United States soil into orbit by the end of 
        2018.
            (6) The Aerospace Safety Advisory Panel, in its 2015 Annual 
        Report, urged continuity of purpose noting concerns over the 
        potential for cost overruns and schedule slips that could 
        accompany significant changes to core NASA programs.

    TITLE III--MAXIMIZING UTILIZATION OF THE ISS AND LOW-EARTH ORBIT

SEC. 301. OPERATION OF THE ISS.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) after 15 years of continuous human presence in low-
        Earth orbit, the ISS continues to overcome challenges and 
        operate safely;
            (2) expansion of partnerships, scientific research, 
        commercial applications, and exploration testbed capabilities 
        of the ISS is essential to ensuring the greatest return on 
        investments made by the United States and its international 
        space partners in the development, assembly, and operations of 
        that unique facility;
            (3) stable and successful Commercial Cargo and Commercial 
        Crew programs are critical to ensuring timely provisioning of 
        the ISS and to reestablishing the capability to launch United 
        States government astronauts from United States soil into 
        orbit;
            (4) sustaining United States leadership and progress in 
        human space exploration is enabled by continuing utilization of 
        the ISS--
                    (A) to facilitate the commercialization and 
                economic development of low-Earth orbit;
                    (B) to serve as a testbed for technologies, and to 
                conduct scientific research and development; and
                    (C) as an orbital facility enabling research upon--
                            (i) the health, well-being, and performance 
                        of humans in space; and
                            (ii) the development of in-space systems 
                        enabling human space exploration beyond low-
                        Earth orbit;
            (5) the Administrator should continue to support the 
        development of the Commercial Crew Program as planned to end 
        reliance upon Russian transport of United States government 
        astronauts to the ISS which has not been possible since the 
        retirement of the Space Shuttle program in 2011; and
            (6) the ISS should continue to provide a platform for 
        fundamental, microgravity, discovery-based space life and 
        physical sciences research that is critical for enabling space 
        exploration, protecting humans in space, increasing pathways 
        for commercial space development that depend on advances in 
        basic research, and contribute to advancing science, 
        technology, engineering, and mathematics research.
    (b) Continuation of the ISS.--Congress reaffirms the policy set 
forth in section 501 of the National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18351) that it 
shall be the policy of the United States, in consultation with its 
international partners in the ISS program, to support full and complete 
utilization of the ISS through at least 2024.

SEC. 302. TRANSPORTATION TO ISS.

    (a) Sense of Congress on Commercial Crew and Commercial Cargo 
Programs.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) NASA should build upon the success of the Commercial 
        Orbital Transportation Services and Commercial Resupply 
        Services programs that have allowed private sector companies to 
        partner with NASA to deliver cargo and scientific experiments 
        to the ISS since 2012;
            (2) once certified to meet NASA's safety and reliability 
        requirements and fully operational to meet ISS crew transfer 
        needs, the Commercial Crew Program transportation systems 
        should serve as the primary means of transporting United States 
        government astronauts and international partner astronauts from 
        United States soil to and from the ISS;
            (3) Commercial Crew Program transportation systems should 
        have the capability of serving as ISS emergency crew rescue 
        vehicles;
            (4) the 21st Century Launch Complex Program has enabled 
        significant modernization and infrastructure improvements as 
        launch sites across the United States to support NASA's 
        Commercial Resupply Services and other civil and commercial 
        space flight missions; and
            (5) the 21st Century Launch Complex Program should be 
        continued in a manner that leverages State and private 
        investments to achieve the goals of the program.
    (b) United States Policy.--It is the policy of the United States 
that, to foster the competitive development, operation, improvement and 
commercial availability of space transportation services, services for 
Federal Government access to and return from the ISS, whenever 
practicable, shall be procured via fair and open competition for well-
defined, milestone-based, Federal Acquisition Regulation-based 
contracts under section 201(a) of the National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18311(a)).
    (c) Commercial Cargo Program.--Section 401 of the National 
Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (42 
U.S.C. 18341) is amended by striking ``Commercial Orbital 
Transportation Services'' and inserting ``Commercial Resupply 
Services''.
    (d) Crew Safety.--The Administrator shall protect the safety of 
United States crews by ensuring commercial crew systems meet all 
applicable human rating requirements in accordance with section 
403(b)(1) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 
Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18342(b)(1)).

SEC. 303. ISS TRANSITION PLAN.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds that NASA has been both the primary 
supplier and consumer of human space flight capabilities and services 
of the ISS and in low-Earth orbit.
    (b) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that an orderly 
transition is needed for United States human space flight activities in 
low-Earth orbit from the current regime, that relies heavily on NASA 
sponsorship, to a regime where NASA is one of many customers of a low-
Earth orbit commercial human space flight enterprise.
    (c) Reports.--Section 50111 of title 51, United States Code, is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(c) ISS Transition Plan.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Administrator, in coordination with 
        the ISS management entity, ISS partners, the scientific user 
        community, and the commercial space sector shall develop a plan 
        to transition in a step-wise approach from the current regime 
        that relies heavily on NASA sponsorship to a regime where NASA 
        is one of many customers of a low-Earth orbit commercial human 
        space flight enterprise.
            ``(2) Reports.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
        enactment of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 
        Transition Authorization Act of 2016, and triennially 
        thereafter until 2023, the Administrator shall submit to the 
        appropriate committees of Congress a report that includes--
                    ``(A) an identification of low-Earth orbit 
                capabilities necessary to meet the Administration's 
                deep space human space flight exploration objectives 
                and mission requirements beyond the period of operation 
                and utilization of the ISS described in section 503 of 
                the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 
                Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18353), if any;
                    ``(B) steps NASA is taking and will take, including 
                demonstrations that could be conducted on the ISS, to 
                stimulate and facilitate commercial demand and supply 
                of products and services in low-Earth orbit;
                    ``(C) an assessment of current and projected 
                commercial activities in low-Earth orbit, including on 
                the ISS, and their potential for meeting the 
                capabilities identified in subparagraph (A);
                    ``(D) an identification of barriers preventing the 
                commercialization of low-Earth orbit, including issues 
                relating to policy, regulations, commercial 
                intellectual property, data, and confidentiality that 
                could inhibit the use of the ISS as a commercial 
                incubator;
                    ``(E) an evaluation of the feasible and preferred 
                service life of the ISS beyond the period described in 
                section 503 of the National Aeronautics and Space 
                Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 
                18353), through at least 2028, as a unique scientific, 
                commercial, and exploration-related facility, 
                including--
                            ``(i) a general discussion of international 
                        partner capabilities and prospects for 
                        extending the partnership, to include the 
                        potential for participation by additional 
                        countries, for the purposes of the human 
                        development and exploration of deep space;
                            ``(ii) a review of essential systems, 
                        equipment upgrades, or potential maintenance 
                        that would be necessary to extend ISS 
                        operations and utilization;
                            ``(iii) an evaluation of the cost and 
                        schedule requirements associated with the 
                        development and delivery of essential systems, 
                        equipment upgrades, or potential maintenance 
                        identified under clause (ii);
                            ``(iv) an identification of possible 
                        international, academic, or industry partner 
                        contributions, cost-share, and program 
                        transitions to provide the upgrades identified 
                        under clause (ii);
                            ``(v) impacts on the goals and objectives 
                        of the ISS National Laboratory and the 
                        management entity responsible for operation of 
                        the ISS National Laboratory;
                            ``(vi) impacts on services provided by the 
                        Commercial Resupply Services and Commercial 
                        Crew Program to the ISS;
                            ``(vii) impacts on the use of the ISS as a 
                        testbed to transition functions of the ISS to 
                        the commercial space sector and enhance 
                        economic development of low-Earth orbit, 
                        including the evolution of self-sustaining 
                        commercial activities;
                            ``(viii) an assessment on the technical 
                        limiting factor of the ISS lifetime, including 
                        a list of critical components and their 
                        expected lifetime and availability;
                            ``(ix) an evaluation of the potential for 
                        expanding the use of ISS facilities to 
                        accommodate the needs of researchers and other 
                        users, including changes to policies, 
                        regulations, and laws that would stimulate 
                        greater private and public involvement on the 
                        ISS; and
                            ``(x) such other information as may be 
                        necessary to fully describe the justification 
                        for and feasibility of extending the service 
                        life of the ISS, including the potential 
                        scientific or technological benefits to the 
                        Federal Government or public, or to academic or 
                        commercial entities;
                    ``(F) an evaluation of the functions, roles, and 
                responsibilities for management and operation of the 
                ISS and a determination of--
                            ``(i) those functions, roles, and 
                        responsibilities the Federal Government should 
                        retain during the lifecycle of the ISS;
                            ``(ii) those functions, roles, and 
                        responsibilities that could be transferred to 
                        the commercial space sector;
                            ``(iii) the metrics that would indicate the 
                        commercial space sector's readiness and ability 
                        to assume the functions, roles, and 
                        responsibilities described in clause (ii); and
                            ``(iv) any necessary changes to any 
                        agreements or other documents and the law to 
                        enable the activities described in 
                        subparagraphs (B) and (C); and
                    ``(G) progress on meeting human exploration 
                research objectives on ISS and prospects for 
                accomplishing future exploration and other research 
                objectives on future commercially supplied low-Earth 
                orbit platforms or migration of those objectives to 
                cis-lunar space.
            ``(3) Demonstrations.--Demonstrations identified under 
        paragraph (2) may--
                    ``(A) test the capabilities described in paragraph 
                (2)(A); and
                    ``(B) demonstrate or test capabilities, including 
                commercial modules or deep space habitats, 
                Environmental Control and Life Support Systems, orbital 
                satellite assembly, exploration space suits, a node 
                that enables a wide variety of activity, including 
                multiple commercial modules and airlocks, additional 
                docking or berthing ports for commercial crew and 
                cargo, opportunities for the commercial space sector to 
                cost share for transportation and other services on the 
                ISS, and other commercial activities.''.

            TITLE IV--ADVANCING HUMAN DEEP SPACE EXPLORATION

           Subtitle A--Human Exploration Goals and Objectives

SEC. 411. HUMAN EXPLORATION LONG-TERM GOALS.

    Section 202(a) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 
Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18312(a)) is amended to read as 
follows:
    ``(a) Long-term Goals.--The long-term goals of the human space 
flight and exploration efforts of NASA shall be--
            ``(1) to expand permanent human presence beyond low-Earth 
        orbit and to do so, where practical, in a manner involving 
        international, academic, and industry partners; and
            ``(2) the peaceful settlement of a location in space or on 
        another celestial body and a thriving space economy in the 21st 
        century.''.

SEC. 412. GOALS AND OBJECTIVES.

    Section 202(b) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 
Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18312(b)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (3), by striking ``; and'' and inserting a 
        semicolon;
            (2) in paragraph (4), by striking the period at the end and 
        inserting ``; and''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(5) to achieve human exploration of Mars, including the 
        establishment of a capability to extend human presence, 
        including potential human habitation, on the surface of 
        Mars.''.

SEC. 413. VISION FOR SPACE EXPLORATION.

    Section 20302 of title 51, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by inserting ``in cis-lunar space 
        or'' after ``sustained human presence''; and
            (2) by amending subsection (b) to read as follows:
    ``(b) Future Exploration of Mars.--The Administrator shall manage 
human space flight programs, including the Space Launch System and 
Orion, to enable humans to explore Mars and other destinations by 
defining a series of sustainable steps and conducting mission planning, 
research, and technology development on a timetable that is technically 
and fiscally possible, consistent with section 70504.''.

SEC. 414. EXPLORATION PLAN AND PROGRAMS.

    Section 70502(2) of title 51, United States Code, is amended to 
read as follows:
            ``(2) implement an exploration research and technology 
        development program to enable human and robotic operations 
        consistent with section 20302(b) of this title;''.

SEC. 415. STEPPING STONE APPROACH TO EXPLORATION.

    Section 70504 of title 51, United States Code, is amended to read 
as follows:
``Sec. 70504. Stepping stone approach to exploration
    ``(a) In General.--In order to maximize the cost-effectiveness of 
the long-term exploration and utilization activities of the United 
States, the Administrator shall take all necessary steps, including 
engaging international, academic, and industry partners to ensure that 
activities in the Administration's human exploration program balance 
how those activities might also help meet the requirements of future 
exploration and utilization activities leading to human habitation on 
the surface of Mars.
    ``(b) Completion.--Within budgetary considerations, once an 
exploration-related project enters its development phase, the 
Administrator shall seek, to the maximum extent practicable, to 
complete that project without undue delays.''.

         Subtitle B--Assuring Core Capabilities for Exploration

SEC. 421. SPACE LAUNCH SYSTEM AND ORION.

    (a) Findings.--Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) NASA has made steady progress in developing and testing 
        the Space Launch System and Orion exploration systems with the 
        successful Exploration Flight Test of Orion in December of 
        2014, the final qualification test firing of the 5-segment 
        Space Launch System boosters in June 2016, and a full thrust, 
        full duration test firing of the RS-25 Space Launch System core 
        stage engine in August 2016.
            (2) Through the 21st Century Launch Complex program and 
        Exploration Ground Systems (referred to in this section as 
        ``EGS'') programs, NASA has made significant progress in 
        transforming exploration ground systems infrastructure to meet 
        NASA's mission requirements for the Space Launch System and 
        Orion and to modernize NASA's launch complexes to the benefit 
        of the civil, defense, and commercial space sectors.
    (b) Sense of Congress on Space Launch System, Orion, and EGS.--It 
is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) as the United States works to send humans on a series 
        of missions on or near Mars in the 2030s, the United States 
        national space program should continue to make progress on its 
        commitment by fully developing the Space Launch System, Orion, 
        and related exploration ground systems;
            (2) using the Space Launch System and Orion for a wide 
        range of contemplated missions will facilitate the national 
        defense, science, and exploration objectives of the United 
        States; and
            (3) continuity of purpose within the Space Launch System 
        and Orion programs are imperative as NASA prepares for the 
        uncrewed mission, EM-1, planned for 2018 followed by the crewed 
        mission, EM-2, in cis-lunar space planned for 2021, and for 
        subsequent missions beginning with EM-3 extending into cis-
        lunar space and eventually to Mars.
    (c) In General.--
            (1) Exploration missions.--The Administrator shall continue 
        development of--
                    (A) an uncrewed exploration mission to demonstrate 
                the capability of both the Space Launch System and 
                Orion as an integrated system by 2018;
                    (B) a crewed exploration mission to demonstrate the 
                Space Launch System, including the Core Stage and 
                Exploration Upper Stages, and the crewed Orion by 2021;
                    (C) subsequent missions beginning with EM-3 using 
                the Space Launch System and Orion to extend into cis-
                lunar space and eventually to Mars; and
                    (D) development of a deep space habitat as the next 
                element in a deep space exploration architecture along 
                with the Space Launch System and Orion.
            (2) Other uses.--The Administrator shall assess the utility 
        of the Space Launch System for use by the science community and 
        for other Federal Government launch needs, including 
        consideration of overall cost and schedule savings from reduced 
        transit times and increased science returns enabled by the 
        unique capabilities of the Space Launch System.

                      Subtitle C--Journey to Mars

SEC. 431. SPACE TECHNOLOGY INFUSION.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that advancing 
propulsion technology would improve the efficiency of trips to Mars and 
could shorten travel time to Mars and reduce astronaut health risks, 
reduce radiation exposure, consumables, and mass of materials required 
for the journey.
    (b) Policy.--It is the policy of the United States that the 
Administrator shall develop technologies to support the 
Administration's core missions as described in section 2(3) of the 
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 
(42 U.S.C. 18301(3)) and support sustained investments in early stage 
innovation and fundamental research, and technologies to expand the 
boundaries of the national aerospace enterprise.
    (c) Propulsion Technologies.--A goal of propulsion technologies 
developed under subsection (b), shall be to significantly reduce human 
travel time to Mars.

SEC. 432. FINDINGS ON HUMAN SPACE EXPLORATION.

    Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) In accordance with section 204 of the National 
        Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 
        (124 Stat. 2813), the National Academies of Sciences, 
        Engineering, and Medicine, through its Committee on Human 
        Spaceflight, conducted a review of the goals, core 
        capabilities, and direction of human space flight, and 
        published the findings and recommendations in a 2014 report 
        entitled, ``Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches 
        for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration''.
            (2) The Committee on Human Spaceflight included leaders 
        from the aerospace, scientific, security, and policy 
        communities.
            (3) With input from the public, the Committee on Human 
        Spaceflight concluded that many practical and aspirational 
        rationales for human space flight together constitute a 
        compelling case for continued national investment and pursuit 
        of human space exploration toward the horizon goal of Mars.
            (4) According to the Committee on Human Spaceflight, the 
        rationales include economic benefits, national security, 
        national prestige, inspiring students and other citizens, 
        scientific discovery, human survival, and a sense of shared 
        destiny.
            (5) The Committee on Human Spaceflight affirmed that Mars 
        is the appropriate long-term goal for the human space flight 
        program.
            (6) The Committee on Human Spaceflight recommended that 
        NASA define a series of sustainable steps and conduct mission 
        planning and technology development as needed to achieve the 
        long-term goal of placing humans on the surface of Mars.
            (7) Expanding human presence beyond low-Earth orbit and 
        advancing toward human missions to Mars requires early planning 
        and timely decisions to be made in the near-term on the 
        necessary courses of action for commitments to achieve short-
        term and long-term goals and objectives.
            (8) In addition to the 2014 report described in paragraph 
        (1), there are several independently developed reports or 
        concepts that describe potential Mars architectures or concepts 
        and identify Mars as the long-term goal for human space 
        exploration, including NASA's ``The Global Exploration 
        Roadmap'' of 2013, ``NASA's Journey to Mars-Pioneering Next 
        Steps in Space Exploration'' of 2015, NASA Jet Propulsion 
        Laboratory's ``Minimal Architecture for Human Journeys to 
        Mars'' of 2015, and Explore Mars' ``The Humans to Mars Report 
        2016''.

SEC. 433. STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK FOR HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT AND EXPLORATION.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) expanding human presence beyond low-Earth orbit and 
        advancing toward human missions to Mars in the 2030s requires 
        early planning and timely decisions to be made in the near-term 
        on the necessary courses of action for commitments to achieve 
        short-term and long-term goals and objectives;
            (2) for strong and sustained United States leadership, a 
        need exists to advance a strategic framework, addressing 
        exploration objectives in collaboration with international, 
        academic, and industry partners;
            (3) an approach that incrementally advances toward a long-
        term goal is one in which nearer-term developments and 
        implementation would influence future development and 
        implementation; and
            (4) a strategic framework should begin with low-Earth 
        orbit, then address progress beyond low-Earth orbit to cis-
        lunar space in greater detail than future missions ultimately 
        aimed at human arrival and activities on or near Mars.
    (b) Strategic Framework.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator shall develop a 
        strategic framework, including, a critical decision plan, to 
        expand human presence beyond low-Earth orbit, including to cis-
        lunar space, the moons of Mars, the surface of Mars, and 
        beyond.
            (2) Scope.--The strategic framework shall include--
                    (A) an integrated set of exploration, science, and 
                other goals and objectives of a United States human 
                space exploration program with the long-term goal of 
                human missions near to or on the surface of Mars in the 
                2030s;
                    (B) opportunities for international, academic, and 
                industry partnerships for exploration-related systems, 
                services, research, and technology if those 
                opportunities provide cost-savings, accelerate program 
                schedules, or otherwise benefit the exploration 
                objectives developed under subparagraph (A);
                    (C) precursor missions in cis-lunar space and other 
                missions or activities necessary to meet the 
                exploration objectives developed under subparagraph 
                (A);
                    (D) capabilities and technologies, including the 
                Space Launch System, Orion, a deep space habitat, and 
                other capabilities, that enable the exploration 
                objectives developed under subparagraph (A);
                    (E) a description of how cis-lunar elements, 
                objectives, and activities advance the human 
                exploration of Mars;
                    (F) an assessment of potential human health and 
                other risks, including radiation exposure; and
                    (G) mitigation plans, whenever possible, to address 
                the risks identified in subparagraph (F).
            (3) Considerations.--In developing the strategic framework, 
        the Administrator shall consider--
                    (A) using key exploration capabilities, namely the 
                Space Launch System and Orion;
                    (B) using existing commercially available 
                technologies and capabilities or those technologies and 
                capabilities being developed by industry for commercial 
                purposes;
                    (C) an organizational approach to ensure 
                collaboration and coordination among NASA's Mission 
                Directorates under section 621, when appropriate;
                    (D) building upon the initial uncrewed mission, EM-
                1, and first crewed mission, EM-2, of the Space Launch 
                System and Orion to establish a sustainable cadence of 
                missions extending human exploration missions into cis-
                lunar space;
                    (E) developing the precursor missions and 
                activities that will demonstrate, test, and develop key 
                technologies and capabilities essential for achieving 
                human missions to Mars, including long-duration human 
                operations beyond low-Earth orbit, space suits, solar 
                electric propulsion, deep space habitats, environmental 
                control life support systems, Mars lander and ascent 
                vehicle, entry, descent, landing, ascent, Mars surface 
                systems, and in-situ resource utilization;
                    (F) demonstrating and testing one or more habitat 
                modules in cis-lunar space to prepare for Mars 
                missions;
                    (G) using public-private, firm fixed-price 
                partnerships, where practicable;
                    (H) collaborating with international, academic, and 
                industry partners, when appropriate;
                    (I) risks to human health and sensitive onboard 
                technologies, including radiation exposure;
                    (J) evaluating the risks identified through 
                research outcomes under the NASA Human Research 
                Program's Behavioral Health Element; and
                    (K) the recommendations and ideas of several 
                independently developed reports or concepts that 
                describe potential Mars architectures or concepts and 
                identify Mars as the long-term goal for human space 
                exploration, including the reports described under 
                section 432(8).
            (4) Critical decision plan on human space exploration.--As 
        part of the strategic framework, the Administrator shall 
        include a critical decision plan--
                    (A) identifying and defining key decisions guiding 
                human space exploration priorities and plans that need 
                to be made before June 30, 2020, including decisions 
                that may guide human space exploration capability 
                development, precursor missions, long-term missions, 
                and activities; and
                    (B) defining decisions needed to maximize 
                efficiencies and resources for reaching the near, 
                intermediate, and long-term goals and objectives of 
                human space exploration.
            (5) Reports.--The Administrator shall submit an initial 
        strategic framework, including a critical decision plan, to the 
        appropriate committee of Congress before December 31, 2017, and 
        an updated strategic framework biennially thereafter.

SEC. 434. ADVANCED SPACE SUIT CAPABILITY.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a detailed plan for achieving an advanced space 
suit capability that aligns with the crew needs for exploration enabled 
by the space launch system and Orion, including an evaluation of the 
merit of delivering the planned suit system for use on the ISS.
    (b) Considerations.--In developing the detailed plan under 
subsection (a), the Administrator shall consider leveraging NASA's 
existing investments and technologies.

SEC. 435. ASTEROID ROBOTIC REDIRECT MISSION.

    (a) Findings.--Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) NASA initially estimated that the Asteroid Robotic 
        Redirect Mission would launch in December 2020 and cost no more 
        than $1.25 billion, excluding launch and operations.
            (2) On July 15, 2016, NASA conducted its Key Decision 
        Point-B review of the Asteroid Robotic Redirect Mission or 
        approval for Phase B in mission formulation.
            (3) During the Key Decision Point-B review, NASA estimated 
        that costs have grown to $1.4 billion excluding launch and 
        operations for a launch in December 2021 and the agency must 
        evaluate whether to accept the increase or reduce the Asteroid 
        Robotic Redirect Mission's scope to stay within the cost cap 
        set by the Administrator.
            (4) In April 2015, the NASA Advisory Council--
                    (A) issued a finding that--
                            (i) high-performance solar electric 
                        propulsion will likely be an important part of 
                        an architecture to send humans to Mars; and
                            (ii) maneuvering a large test mass is not 
                        necessary to provide a valid in-space test of a 
                        new solar electric propulsion stage;
                    (B) determined that a solar electric propulsion 
                mission will contribute more directly to the goal of 
                sending humans to Mars if the mission is focused 
                entirely on development and validation of the solar 
                electric propulsion stage; and
                    (C) determined that other possible motivations for 
                acquiring and maneuvering a boulder, such as asteroid 
                science and planetary defense, do not have value 
                commensurate with their probable cost.
            (5) The Asteroid Robotic Redirect Mission is competing for 
        resources with other critical exploration development programs, 
        including the Space Launch System, Orion, commercial crew, and 
        a habitation module.
            (6) In 2014, the NASA Advisory Council recommended that 
        NASA conduct an independent cost and technical assessment of 
        the Asteroid Robotic Redirect Mission.
            (7) NASA completed the assessment under paragraph (6) and 
        reviewed it as part of the agency's Key Decision Point-B 
        review.
            (8) In 2015, the NASA Advisory Council recommended that 
        NASA preserve the following key objectives if the program 
        needed to be descoped:
                    (A) Development of high power solar electric 
                propulsion.
                    (B) Ability to maneuver in a low gravity 
                environment in deep space.
            (9) In January 2015 and July 2015, the NASA Advisory 
        Council expressed its concern to NASA about the potential for 
        growing costs for the program and highlighted that choices 
        would need to be made about the program's content.
    (b) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) the technological and scientific goals of the Asteroid 
        Robotic Redirect Mission may not be commensurate with the cost; 
        and
            (2) alternative missions may provide a more cost effective 
        and scientifically beneficial means to demonstrate the 
        technologies needed for a human mission to Mars that would 
        otherwise be demonstrated by the Asteroid Robotic Redirect 
        Mission.
    (c) Evaluation and Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date 
of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall--
            (1) conduct an evaluation of--
                    (A) alternative approaches to the Asteroid Robotic 
                Redirect Mission for demonstrating the technologies and 
                capabilities needed for a human mission to Mars that 
                would otherwise be demonstrated by the Asteroid Robotic 
                Redirect Mission;
                    (B) the scientific and technical benefits of the 
                alternatives approaches identified in subparagraph (A) 
                compared to the Asteroid Redirect Robotic Mission to 
                future human exploration;
                    (C) the commercial benefits of the alternative 
                approaches identified in subparagraph (A), including 
                the impact on the development of domestic solar 
                electric propulsion technology to bolster United States 
                competitiveness in the global marketplace; and
                    (D) a comparison of the estimated costs of the 
                alternative approaches identified in subparagraph (A); 
                and
            (2) submit to the appropriate Committees of Congress a 
        report on the evaluation under paragraph (1), including any 
        recommendations.

     Subtitle D--Scott Kelly Human Spaceflight and Exploration Act

SEC. 441. SHORT TITLE.

    This subtitle may be cited as the ``Scott Kelly Human Spaceflight 
and Exploration Act''.

SEC. 442. FINDINGS; SENSE OF CONGRESS.

    (a) Findings.--Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) Human space exploration can pose significant challenges 
        and is full of substantial risk, which has ultimately claimed 
        the lives of 24 National Aeronautics and Space Administration 
        astronauts serving in the line of duty.
            (2) As United States government astronauts participate in 
        long-duration and exploration spaceflight missions they may 
        experience increased health risks, such as vision impairment, 
        bone demineralization, and behavioral health and performance 
        risks, and may be exposed to galactic cosmic radiation. 
        Exposure to high levels of radiation and microgravity can 
        result in acute and long-term health consequences that can 
        increase the risk of cancer and tissue degeneration and have 
        potential effects on the musculoskeletal system, central 
        nervous system, cardiovascular system, immune function, and 
        vision.
            (3) To advance the goal of long-duration and exploration 
        spaceflight missions, United States government astronaut Scott 
        Kelly participated in a 1-year twins study in space while his 
        identical twin brother, former United States government 
        astronaut Mark Kelly, acted as a human control specimen on 
        Earth, providing an understanding of the physical, behavioral, 
        microbiological, and molecular reaction of the human body to an 
        extended period of time in space.
            (4) Since the Administration currently provides medical 
        monitoring, diagnosis, and treatment for United States 
        government astronauts during their active employment, given the 
        unknown long-term health consequences of long-duration space 
        exploration, the Administration has requested statutory 
        authority from Congress to provide medical monitoring, 
        diagnosis, and treatment to former crewmembers of human space 
        flights for psychological and medical conditions associated 
        with human space flight.
    (b) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) the United States should continue to seek the unknown 
        and lead the world in space exploration and scientific 
        discovery as the Administration prepares for long-duration and 
        exploration spaceflight in deep space and an eventual mission 
        to Mars;
            (2) data relating to the health of astronauts will become 
        increasingly valuable to improving our understanding of many 
        diseases humans face on Earth;
            (3) the Administration should provide the type of 
        monitoring, diagnosis, and treatment described in subsection 
        (a) only for conditions the Administration considers unique to 
        the training or exposure to the spaceflight environment of 
        crewmembers of human space flights and should not require any 
        former crewmembers to participate in the Administration's 
        monitoring;
            (4) such monitoring, diagnosis, and treatment should not 
        replace a former crewmember's private health insurance;
            (5) expanded data acquired from such monitoring, diagnosis, 
        and treatment should be used to tailor treatment, inform the 
        requirements for new spaceflight medical hardware, and develop 
        controls in order to prevent disease occurrence in the 
        astronaut corps;
            (6) the Administration's existing radiation exposure 
        standards, which have been used for missions pertaining to the 
        Space Shuttle and the ISS, would limit missions to durations of 
        150 to 250 days and would pose significant challenges to long-
        duration or exploration spaceflight or a multiyear mission to 
        Mars; and
            (7) the 340-day space mission of Scott Kelly aboard the 
        ISS--
                    (A) was pivotal for the goal of the United States 
                for humans to explore deep space and Mars as the 
                mission generated new insight into how the human body 
                adjusts to weightlessness, isolation, radiation, and 
                the stress of long-duration space flight; and
                    (B) will help support the physical and mental well-
                being of astronauts during longer space exploration 
                missions in the future.

SEC. 443. MEDICAL MONITORING AND RESEARCH RELATING TO HUMAN SPACE 
              FLIGHT.

    (a) In General.--Subchapter III of chapter 201 of title 51, United 
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 20148. Medical monitoring and research relating to human space 
              flight
    ``(a) In General.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the 
Administrator may provide for the medical monitoring, diagnosis, and 
treatment of a United States government astronaut, or a former United 
States government astronaut or payload specialist for conditions that 
the Administrator considers associated with human space flight, 
including scientific and medical tests for psychological and medical 
conditions.
    ``(b) Exclusions.--The Administrator may not--
            ``(1) provide for medical monitoring, diagnosis, or 
        treatment of a United States government astronaut, or a former 
        United States government astronaut or payload specialist under 
        subsection (a) for any psychological or medical condition that 
        is not associated with human space flight; or
            ``(2) require a former United States government astronaut 
        or payload specialist to participate in the monitoring 
        authorized under subsection (a).
    ``(c) Privacy.--Consistent with applicable provisions of law 
relating to privacy, the Administrator shall protect the privacy of all 
medical records generated under subsection (a) and accessible to the 
Administration.
    ``(d) Regulations.--The Administrator shall promulgate such 
regulations as are necessary to carry out this section.''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for chapter 201 of 
title 51, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item 
relating to section 20147 the following:

``20148. Medical monitoring and research relating to human space 
                            flight.''.

                    TITLE V--ADVANCING SPACE SCIENCE

SEC. 501. MAINTAINING A BALANCED SPACE SCIENCE PORTFOLIO.

    (a) Science Portfolio.--Section 803 of the National Aeronautics and 
Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (Public Law 111-267; 124 
Stat. 2832) is amended to read as follows:

``SEC. 803. OVERALL SCIENCE PORTFOLIO.

    ``Congress restates its sense that--
            ``(1) a balanced and adequately funded set of activities, 
        consisting of research and analysis grants programs, technology 
        development, suborbital research activities, and small, medium, 
        and large space missions, contributes to a robust and 
        productive science program and serves as a catalyst for 
        innovation and discovery; and
            ``(2) the Administrator should set science priorities by 
        following the guidance provided by the scientific community 
        through the National Academy of Sciences' decadal surveys.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--The item relating to section 803 in the 
table of contents in section 1(b) of the National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (Public Law 111-267; 124 Stat. 
2806) is amended by striking ``Overall science portfolio-sense of the 
Congress'' and inserting ``Overall science portfolio''.

SEC. 502. PLANETARY SCIENCE.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds that--
            (1) Administration support for planetary science is 
        critical to enabling greater understanding of the solar system 
        and the origin of the Earth;
            (2) the United States leads the world in planetary science 
        and can augment its success in that area with appropriate 
        international, academic, and industry partnerships;
            (3) a mix of small, medium, and large planetary science 
        missions is required to sustain a steady cadence of planetary 
        exploration; and
            (4) robotic planetary exploration is a key component of 
        preparing for future human exploration.
    (b) Mission Priorities.--
            (1) In general.--In accordance with the priorities 
        established in the most recent decadal survey for planetary 
        science, the Administrator shall ensure, to the greatest extent 
        practicable, the completion of a balanced set of Discovery, New 
        Frontiers, and flagship missions.
            (2) Mission priority adjustments.--Consistent with the set 
        of missions described in paragraph (1), and while maintaining 
        the continuity of scientific data and steady development of 
        capabilities and technologies, the Administrator may seek, if 
        necessary, adjustments to mission priorities, schedule, and 
        scope in light of changing budget projections.

SEC. 503. JAMES WEBB SPACE TELESCOPE.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) the James Webb Space Telescope should significantly 
        advance our understanding of star and planet formation, improve 
        our knowledge of the early universe, and support United States 
        leadership in astrophysics; and
            (2) consistent with annual Government Accountability Office 
        reviews of the James Webb Space Telescope program, the 
        Administrator should continue robust surveillance of the 
        performance of the James Webb Space Telescope project and 
        continue to improve the reliability of cost estimates and 
        contractor performance data and other major spaceflight 
        projects in order to enhance NASA's ability to successfully 
        deliver the James Webb Space Telescope on-time and within 
        budget.

SEC. 504. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON WIDE-FIELD INFRARED SURVEY TELESCOPE.

    It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope (commonly 
        known as ``WFIRST'') mission has the potential to enable 
        scientific discoveries that will transform our understanding of 
        the universe; and
            (2) the Administrator, to the extent practicable, should 
        make progress on the technologies and capabilities needed to 
        position the Administration to meet the objectives, as outlined 
        in the 2010 National Academies' Astronomy and Astrophysics 
        Decadal Survey, in a way that maximizes the scientific 
        productivity of meeting those objectives for the resources 
        invested.

SEC. 505. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON MARS 2020 ROVER.

    It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) the Mars 2020 mission, to develop a Mars rover and to 
        enable the return of samples to Earth, should remain a priority 
        for NASA; and
            (2) the Mars 2020 mission--
                    (A) should significantly increase our understanding 
                of Mars;
                    (B) should help determine whether life previously 
                existed on that planet; and
                    (C) should provide opportunities to gather 
                knowledge and demonstrate technologies that address the 
                challenges of future human expeditions to Mars.

SEC. 506. EUROPA.

    (a) Findings.--Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) Studies of Europa, Jupiter's moon, indicate that Europa 
        may provide a habitable environment, as it contains key 
        ingredients known to support life on Earth, including liquid 
        water, heat, chemistry, and time.
            (2) In 2012, using the Hubble Space Telescope, NASA 
        scientists observed water vapor around the south polar region 
        of Europa, which provides potential evidence of water plumes in 
        that region.
            (3) For decades, the Europa mission has consistently ranked 
        as a high priority mission for the scientific community.
            (4) The Europa mission was ranked as the top priority 
        mission in the previous Planetary Science Decadal Survey and 
        ranked as the second-highest priority in the current Planetary 
        Science Decadal Survey.
    (b) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) the Europa mission could provide another avenue in 
        which to capitalize on our Nation's current investment in the 
        Space Launch System that would significantly reduce the transit 
        time for such a deep space mission; and
            (2) a scientific, robotic exploration mission to Europa, as 
        prioritized in both Planetary Science Decadal Surveys, should 
        be supported.

                    TITLE VI--MAXIMIZING EFFICIENCY

      Subtitle A--Agency Information Technology and Cybersecurity

SEC. 611. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY GOVERNANCE.

    (a) In General.--The Administrator, in consultation with the chief 
information officer of NASA, shall--
            (1) ensure the NASA Chief Information Officer has a 
        significant role in the management, governance, and oversight 
        processes related to information technology operations and 
        investments and information security programs for the 
        protection of NASA systems;
            (2) establish the NASA Chief Information Officer as a 
        direct report to the Administrator;
            (3) ensure the NASA Chief Information Officer has the 
        appropriate resources and insight to oversee NASA information 
        technology and information security operations and investments;
            (4) provide an information technology program management 
        framework to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of 
        information technology investments, including relying on 
        metrics for identifying and reducing potential duplication, 
        waste, and cost;
            (5) establish a monetary threshold for all agency 
        information technology investments and related contracts, 
        including non-highly and highly specialized and specialized 
        information technology, regardless of the procurement 
        instrument, over which the NASA Chief Information Officer shall 
        have final approval;
            (6) improve the operational linkage between the NASA Chief 
        Information Officer and each NASA mission directorate, center, 
        and mission support office to ensure both agency and mission 
        needs are considered in agency-wide information technology and 
        information security management and oversight;
            (7) review the portfolio of information technology 
        investments and spending, including information technology-
        related investments included as part of activities within NASA 
        mission directorates that may not be considered information 
        technology, to ensure investments are recognized and reported 
        appropriately based on guidance from the Office of Management 
        and Budget;
            (8) consider appropriate revisions to the charters of 
        information technology boards and councils that inform 
        information technology investment and operation decisions; and
            (9) consider whether the Chief Information Officer should 
        have a seat on any boards or councils described in paragraph 
        (8).

SEC. 612. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY STRATEGIC PLAN.

    (a) In General.--Subject to subsection (b), the NASA Chief 
Information Officer, in consultation with the chief information officer 
of each Administration center, shall develop an information technology 
strategic plan to guide NASA information technology management and 
strategic objectives.
    (b) Requirements.--In developing the strategic plan, the NASA Chief 
Information Officer shall ensure that the strategic plan is consistent 
with--
            (1) the deadline under section 306(a) of title 5, United 
        States Code; and
            (2) the requirements under section 3506 of title 44, United 
        States Code.
    (c) Contents.--The strategic plan shall include--
            (1) near and long-term goals and objectives for leveraging 
        information technology;
            (2) a plan for how the NASA Chief Information Officer will 
        submit to Congress of a list of information technology 
        projects, including completion dates and risk level in 
        accordance with guidance from the Office of Management and 
        Budget;
            (3) an implementation overview for an agency-wide 
        centralized approach to information technology investments and 
        operations, including reducing barriers to cross-center 
        collaboration;
            (4) coordination by the NASA Chief Information Officer with 
        centers and mission directorates to ensure that information 
        technology policies are effectively and efficiently implemented 
        across the agency;
            (5) a plan to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of 
        information technology investments, including a description of 
        how unnecessarily duplicative, wasteful, legacy, or outdated 
        information technology across NASA will be identified and 
        eliminated, and a schedule for the identification and 
        elimination of such information technology;
            (6) a plan for improving the information security of agency 
        information and agency information systems, including improving 
        security control assessments and role-based security training 
        of employees; and
            (7) submission by the NASA Chief Information Officer to 
        Congress of information regarding high risk projects and 
        cybersecurity risks.
    (d) Congressional Oversight.--The NASA Chief Information Officer 
shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress the strategic 
plan under subsection (a) and any updates thereto.

SEC. 613. CYBERSECURITY.

    (a) Finding.--The security of NASA information and information 
systems is vital to the success of the mission of the agency.
    (b) Information Security Plan.--Section 1207 of the National 
Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (42 
U.S.C. 18445) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsections (a) through (c) as 
        subsections (b) through (d), respectively;
            (2) by inserting before subsection (b), as redesignated, 
        the following:
    ``(a) Agency-Wide Information Security Plan.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
        enactment of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 
        Transition Authorization Act of 2016, the Administrator shall 
        implement the information security plan developed under 
        paragraph (2) and take such further actions as the 
        Administrator considers necessary to improve the information 
        security system in accordance with this section.
            ``(2) Information security plan.--Subject to paragraphs 
        (3), (4), and (5), the chief information officer of NASA, shall 
        develop an agency-wide information security plan to enhance 
        information security for NASA information and information 
        infrastructure.
            ``(3) Requirements.--In developing the plan under paragraph 
        (2), the chief information officer shall ensure that the plan--
                    ``(A) is consistent with policies, standards, 
                guidelines, and directives on information security 
                under subchapter II of chapter 35 of title 44, United 
                States Code;
                    ``(B) is consistent with the standards and 
                guidelines under section 11331 of title 40, United 
                States Code; and
                    ``(C) meets applicable National Institute of 
                Standards and Technology information security standards 
                and guidelines.
            ``(4) Approval.--The chief information officer shall submit 
        the plan to the Administrator for approval prior to its 
        implementation.
            ``(5) Contents.--The plan shall include--
                    ``(A) an overview of the requirements of the 
                information security system;
                    ``(B) an agency-wide risk management framework for 
                information security;
                    ``(C) a description of the information security 
                system management controls and common controls that are 
                necessary to ensure compliance with information 
                security-related requirements;
                    ``(D) an identification and assignment of roles, 
                responsibilities, and management commitment for 
                information security at the agency;
                    ``(E) coordination among organizational entities, 
                including between each center, facility, mission 
                directorate, and mission support office, and among 
                agency entities responsible for different aspects of 
                information security;
                    ``(F) heightened consideration of the need to 
                protect the information security of mission-critical 
                systems and activities and high-impact and moderate-
                impact information systems; and
                    ``(G) a schedule of frequent reviews and updates, 
                as necessary, of the plan.''; and
            (3) in subsection (b), as redesignated--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``; 
                        and'' and inserting a semicolon;
                            (ii) in subparagraph (C), by striking the 
                        period at the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(D) an update on the agency's efforts to apply 
                additional information security protections to secure 
                high-impact and moderate-impact information systems and 
                mission-critical systems and activities, including 
                those systems that control spacecraft and maintain 
                critical data sources.''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``section 3545'' 
                and inserting ``section 3555''.

SEC. 614. OVERSIGHT IMPLEMENTATION PROGRESS.

    Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, and 
periodically thereafter until the information security plan under 
section 1207 of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 
Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18445), as amended, is developed 
and implemented agency-wide, the Administrator shall provide to the 
appropriate committees of Congress an update on the progress made 
toward implementation of or response to--
            (1) the information security plan under that section; and
            (2) the information security-related recommendations made 
        by the NASA Inspector General and the Comptroller General in 
        the 5 years preceding the date of enactment of this Act.

SEC. 615. SOFTWARE OVERSIGHT.

    The Administrator shall--
            (1) develop a strategic plan to transition NASA from legacy 
        software by adopting a service-based acquisition model in line 
        with industry best practices;
            (2) develop and implement an agency-wide software license 
        management policy to improve centralization, lifecycle 
        management, and procurement education, including education on 
        contract negotiations, relevant laws and regulations, and 
        agency-wide contract terms and conditions; and
            (3) direct an agency-wide inventory of NASA's total 
        software licenses and spending, including costs, benefits, 
        usage, and trending data.

SEC. 616. SECURITY MANAGEMENT OF FOREIGN NATIONAL ACCESS.

    The Administrator shall notify the appropriate committees of 
Congress when the agency has implemented the information technology 
security recommendations from the National Academy of Public 
Administration on foreign national access management, based on reports 
from January 2014 and March 2016.

SEC. 617. CYBERSECURITY OF WEB APPLICATIONS.

    Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the NASA Chief Information Officer shall--
            (1) develop a plan, including such actions and milestones 
        as are necessary, to fully remediate security vulnerabilities 
        of NASA web applications within a timely fashion after 
        discovery; and
            (2) implement the recommendation from the NASA Inspector 
        General in the audit report dated July 10, 2014, (IG-14-023) to 
        remove from the Internet or secure with a web application 
        firewall all NASA web applications in development or testing 
        mode.

 Subtitle B--Collaboration Among Mission Directorates and Other Matters

SEC. 621. COLLABORATION AMONG MISSION DIRECTORATES.

    The Administrator shall encourage an interdisciplinary approach 
among all NASA mission directorates and divisions, whenever 
appropriate, for projects or missions--
            (1) to improve coordination, and encourage collaboration 
        and early planning on scope;
            (2) to determine areas of overlap or alignment;
            (3) to find ways to leverage across divisional perspectives 
        to maximize the outcomes; and
            (4) to be more efficient with resources and funds.

SEC. 622. NASA LAUNCH CAPABILITIES COLLABORATION.

    (a) Findings.--Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) The Launch Services Program is responsible for the 
        acquisition, management, and technical oversight of commercial 
        launch services for NASA's science and robotic missions.
            (2) The Commercial Crew Program is responsible for the 
        acquisition, management, and technical oversight of commercial 
        crew transportation systems.
            (3) The Launch Services Program and Commercial Crew Program 
        have worked together to gain exceptional technical insight into 
        the contracted launch service providers that are common to both 
        programs.
            (4) The Launch Services Program has a long history of 
        oversight of 12 different launch vehicles and over 80 launches.
            (5) Co-location of the Launch Services Program and 
        Commercial Crew Program has enabled the Commercial Crew Program 
        to efficiently obtain the launch vehicle technical expertise of 
        and provide engineering and analytical support to the 
        Commercial Crew Program.
    (b) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) the Launch Services Program and Commercial Crew Program 
        each benefit from communication and coordination of launch 
        manifests, technical information, and common launch vehicle 
        insight between the programs; and
            (2) such communication and coordination is enabled by the 
        co-location of the programs.
    (c) In General.--The Administrator shall pursue a strategy for 
acquisition of crewed transportation services and non-crewed launch 
services that continues to enhance communication, collaboration, and 
coordination between the Launch Services Program and the Commercial 
Crew Program.

SEC. 623. COMMERCIAL SPACE LAUNCH COOPERATION.

    (a) Finding.--Congress recognized the benefit of commercial space 
launch cooperation between the Federal Government and the private 
sector when it granted the Secretary of Defense authority to foster 
cooperation between the Department of Defense and certain covered 
entities relating to space transportation infrastructure under section 
2276 of title 10, United States Code.
    (b) In General.--Chapter 505 of title 51, United States Code, is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 50507. Commercial launch cooperation
    ``(a) Authority for Agreements Relating to Space Transportation 
Infrastructure.--Notwithstanding section 50504, the Administrator--
            ``(1) may enter into an agreement with a covered entity to 
        provide the covered entity with support and services related to 
        the space transportation infrastructure of the Administration--
                    ``(A) to maximize the use of the space 
                transportation infrastructure of the Administration by 
                the private sector in the United States; and
                    ``(B) to encourage commercial space activities by 
                enabling investment by covered entities in the space 
                transportation infrastructure of the Administration; 
                and
            ``(2) at the request of the covered entity, may include 
        that support and services in the contracted space launch and 
        reentry range support requirements of the Administration if--
                    ``(A) the Administrator determines that including 
                that support and services in the requirements--
                            ``(i) is in the best interest of the 
                        Federal Government;
                            ``(ii) does not interfere with the 
                        requirements of the Administration; and
                            ``(iii) does not compete with the 
                        commercial space activities of other covered 
                        entities; and
                    ``(B) any commercial requirement included in the 
                agreement has full non-Federal funding before the 
                execution of the agreement.
    ``(b) Contributions.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Administrator may enter into an 
        agreement with a covered entity on a cooperative and voluntary 
        basis to accept funds, services, and equipment to carry out the 
        purposes in subsection (a)(1).
            ``(2) Use of contributions.--Any funds, services, or 
        equipment accepted by the Administrator under this subsection--
                    ``(A) may be used only for the objectives specified 
                in this section in accordance with terms of use set 
                forth in the agreement entered into under this 
                subsection; and
                    ``(B) shall be managed by the Administrator in 
                accordance with regulations promulgated under 
                subsection (d).
            ``(3) Requirements with respect to agreements.--An 
        agreement entered into with a covered entity under this 
        subsection shall--
                    ``(A) address the terms of use, ownership, and 
                disposition of the funds, services, or equipment 
                contributed under the agreement; and
                    ``(B) include a provision that the covered entity 
                will not recover the costs of its contribution through 
                any other agreement with the United States.
    ``(c) Annual Report.--Not later than January 31 of each year, the 
Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
report on the process used to establish agreements under subsections 
(a) and (b), including noticing announcements of opportunities and 
criteria for selecting a covered entity, and the funds, services, and 
equipment accepted and used by the Administrator under this section 
during the preceding fiscal year.
    ``(d) Regulations.--The Administrator shall promulgate regulations 
to carry out this section.
    ``(e) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Covered entity.--In this section, the term `covered 
        entity' means--
                    ``(A) a non-Federal entity that--
                            ``(i) is organized under the laws of the 
                        United States or of any jurisdiction within the 
                        United States; and
                            ``(ii) is engaged in commercial space 
                        activities; or
                    ``(B) an entity that controls, is controlled by, or 
                is under common control with, a non-Federal entity 
                described in subparagraph (A).
            ``(2) Launch support facilities.--The term `launch support 
        facilities' has the meaning given the term in section 50501.
            ``(3) Space recovery support facilities.--The term `space 
        recovery support facilities' has the meaning given the term in 
        section 50501.
            ``(4) Space transportation infrastructure.--The term `space 
        transportation infrastructure' has the meaning given that term 
        in section 50501.''.
    (c) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for chapter 505 of 
title 51, United States Code, is amended by adding after the item 
relating to section 50506 the following:

``50507. Commercial space launch cooperation.''.

SEC. 624. DETECTION AND AVOIDANCE OF COUNTERFEIT PARTS.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
            (1) A 2012 investigation by the Committee on Armed Services 
        of the Senate of counterfeit electronic parts in the Department 
        of Defense supply chain from 2009 through 2010 uncovered 1,800 
        cases and over one million counterfeit parts and exposed the 
        threat such counterfeit parts pose to service members and 
        national security.
            (2) Since 2010, the Comptroller General of the United 
        States has identified in 3 separate reports the risks and 
        challenges associated with counterfeit parts and counterfeit 
        prevention at both the Department of Defense and NASA, 
        including inconsistent definitions of counterfeit parts, poorly 
        targeted quality control practices, and potential barriers to 
        improvements to these practices.
    (b) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that the 
presence of counterfeit electronic parts in the NASA supply chain poses 
a danger to United States government astronauts, crew, and other 
personnel and a risk to the agency overall.
    (c) Regulations.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 270 days after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall revise the NASA 
        Supplement to the Federal Acquisition Regulation to improve the 
        detection and avoidance of counterfeit electronic parts in the 
        supply chain.
            (2) Contractor responsibilities.--In revising the 
        regulations under paragraph (1), the Administrator shall--
                    (A) require each covered contractor--
                            (i) to detect and avoid the use or 
                        inclusion of any counterfeit parts in 
                        electronic parts or products that contain 
                        electronic parts; and
                            (ii) to take such corrective actions as the 
                        Administrator considers necessary to remedy the 
                        use or inclusion described in clause (i);
                            (iii) including a subcontractor, to notify 
                        the applicable NASA contracting officer not 
                        later than 30 calendar days after the date the 
                        covered contractor becomes aware, or has reason 
                        to suspect, that any end item, component, part 
                        or material contained in supplies purchased by 
                        NASA, or purchased by a covered contractor or 
                        subcontractor for delivery to, or on behalf of, 
                        NASA, contains a counterfeit electronic part or 
                        suspect counterfeit electronic part;
                    (B) prohibit the cost of counterfeit electronic 
                parts, suspect counterfeit electronic parts, and any 
                corrective action described under subparagraph (A)(ii) 
                from being included as allowable costs under agency 
                contracts, unless--
                            (i) the covered contractor has an 
                        operational system to detect and avoid 
                        counterfeit electronic parts and suspect 
                        counterfeit electronic parts that has been 
                        reviewed and approved by NASA or the Department 
                        of Defense; and
                            (ii) the covered contractor has provided 
                        the notice under subparagraph (A)(iii); or
                            (iii) the counterfeit electronic parts or 
                        suspect counterfeit electronic parts were 
                        provided to the covered contractor as 
                        Government property in accordance with part 45 
                        of the Federal Acquisition Regulation.
            (3) Suppliers of electronic parts.--In revising the 
        regulations under paragraph (1), the Administrator shall--
                    (A) require NASA and covered contractors, including 
                subcontractors, at all tiers--
                            (i) to obtain electronic parts that are in 
                        production or currently available in stock 
                        from--
                                    (I) the original manufacturers of 
                                the parts or their authorized dealers; 
                                or
                                    (II) suppliers who obtain such 
                                parts exclusively from the original 
                                manufacturers of the parts or their 
                                authorized dealers; and
                            (ii) to obtain electronic parts that are 
                        not in production or currently available in 
                        stock from suppliers that meet qualification 
                        requirements established under subparagraph 
                        (C);
                    (B) establish documented requirements consistent 
                with published industry standards or Government 
                contract requirements for--
                            (i) notification of the agency; and
                            (ii) inspection, testing, and 
                        authentication of electronic parts that NASA or 
                        a covered contractor, including a 
                        subcontractor, obtains from any source other 
                        than a source described in subparagraph (A);
                    (C) establish qualification requirements, 
                consistent with the requirements of section 2319 of 
                title 10, United States Code, pursuant to which NASA 
                may identify suppliers that have appropriate policies 
                and procedures in place to detect and avoid counterfeit 
                electronic parts and suspect counterfeit electronic 
                parts; and
                    (D) authorize a covered contractor, including a 
                subcontractor, to identify and use additional suppliers 
                beyond those identified under subparagraph (C) if--
                            (i) the standards and processes for 
                        identifying such suppliers comply with 
                        established industry standards;
                            (ii) the covered contractor assumes 
                        responsibility for the authenticity of parts 
                        provided by such suppliers under paragraph (2); 
                        and
                            (iii) the selection of such suppliers is 
                        subject to review and audit by NASA.
    (d) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Covered contractor.--The term ``covered contractor'' 
        means a contractor that supplies an electronic part, or a 
        product that contains an electronic part, to NASA.
            (2) Electronic part.--The term ``electronic part'' means a 
        discrete electronic component, including a microcircuit, 
        transistor, capacitor, resistor, or diode, that is intended for 
        use in a safety or mission critical application.

SEC. 625. EDUCATION AND OUTREACH.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) United States competitiveness in the 21st century 
        requires engaging the science, technology, engineering, and 
        mathematics (referred to in this section as ``STEM'') talent in 
        all States;
            (2) the Administration is uniquely positioned to educate 
        and inspire students and the broader public on STEM subjects 
        and careers;
            (3) the Administration's Education Mission Directorates, 
        along with the other mission directorates, have been effective 
        in delivering educational content because of the strong 
        engagement of Administration scientists and engineers in the 
        Administration's education and outreach activities; and
            (4) the Administration's education and outreach programs, 
        including the Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive 
        Research (EPSCoR) and the Space Grant College and Fellowship 
        Program, reflect the Administration's successful commitment to 
        growing and diversifying the national science and engineering 
        workforce.
    (b) Continuation of Education and Outreach Activities and 
Programs.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator shall continue 
        engagement with the public and education opportunities for 
        students via all the Administration's mission directorates to 
        the maximum extent practicable.
            (2) Report.--Not later than 60 days after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the 
        appropriate committees of Congress a report on the 
        Administration's near-term outreach plans for advancing space 
        law education.
                                 <all>