[Congressional Bills 114th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 2385 Introduced in Senate (IS)]

<DOC>






114th CONGRESS
  1st Session
                                S. 2385

    To strengthen protections for the remaining populations of wild 
 elephants, rhinoceroses, and other imperiled species through country-
  specific anti-poaching efforts and anti-trafficking strategies, to 
  promote the value of wildlife and natural resources, to curtail the 
  demand for illegal wildlife products in consumer countries, and for 
                            other purposes.


_______________________________________________________________________


                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                           December 10, 2015

 Mr. Coons (for himself and Mr. Flake) introduced the following bill; 
which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
    To strengthen protections for the remaining populations of wild 
 elephants, rhinoceroses, and other imperiled species through country-
  specific anti-poaching efforts and anti-trafficking strategies, to 
  promote the value of wildlife and natural resources, to curtail the 
  demand for illegal wildlife products in consumer countries, and for 
                            other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Eliminate, 
Neutralize, and Disrupt Wildlife Trafficking Act''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this Act is as 
follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Definitions.
Sec. 3. Findings.
                      TITLE I--PURPOSE AND POLICY

Sec. 101. Purpose.
Sec. 102. Statement of United States policy.
              TITLE II--FRAMEWORK FOR INTERAGENCY RESPONSE

Sec. 201. Presidential Task Force on Wildlife Trafficking.
  TITLE III--PROGRAMS TO ADDRESS THE ESCALATING WILDLIFE TRAFFICKING 
                                 CRISIS

Sec. 301. Anti-poaching programs.
Sec. 302. Anti-trafficking programs.
Sec. 303. Demand reduction agreements.
Sec. 304. Engagement of United States diplomatic missions.
Sec. 305. International cooperation and global partnerships.
Sec. 306. Community-based conservation.
Sec. 307. Report on wildlife trafficking measures.
Sec. 308. Implementation using amounts previously appropriated.

SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.

    In this Act:
            (1) Appropriate congressional committees.--The term 
        ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
                    (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the 
                Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and
                    (B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the 
                Committee on Appropriations of the House of 
                Representatives.
            (2) Co-chairs of the task force.--The term ``Co-Chairs of 
        the Task Force'' means the Secretary of State, the Secretary of 
        the Interior, and the Attorney General, as established pursuant 
        to Executive Order 13648 (78 Fed. Reg. 40621).
            (3) Community-based conservation.--The term ``community-
        based conservation'' is an approach to conservation that 
        recognizes the rights of local people to sustainably own, 
        manage, or benefit directly and indirectly from wildlife and 
        other natural resources and includes--
                    (A) giving a resource a tangible value that can be 
                realized by the community or land owners, including 
                through partnerships with the private sector;
                    (B) devolving management and governance to local 
                communities to create positive conditions for 
                sustainable resource use; and
                    (C) building the capacity of communities for 
                conservation and natural resource management.
            (4) Country of concern.--The term ``country of concern'' 
        means a country the government of which, or persons in which, 
        play a significant role in the supply or poaching of, transit 
        in, or demand for illegal wildlife or wildlife products or 
        their derivatives or that obtains substantial revenue from 
        illegal wildlife trafficking.
            (5) Implementation plan.--The term ``Implementation Plan'' 
        means the Implementation Plan for the National Strategy for 
        Combating Wildlife Trafficking released on February 11, 2015, a 
        modification of that plan, or a successor plan.
            (6) National strategy.--The term ``National Strategy'' 
        means the National Strategy for Combating Wildlife Trafficking 
        published on February 11, 2014, a modification of that 
        strategy, or a successor strategy.
            (7) National wildlife services.--The term ``national 
        wildlife services'' refers to the ministries designated to 
        manage matters pertaining to wildlife management, including 
        poaching, in a country of concern.
            (8) Task force.--The term ``Task Force'' means the 
        Presidential Task Force on Wildlife Trafficking, as established 
        by Executive Order 13648 (78 Fed. Reg. 40621) and modified by 
        section 201.
            (9) Wildlife crime.--The term ``wildlife crime'' refers to 
        the poaching or trafficking of illegal wildlife or wildlife 
        products.

SEC. 3. FINDINGS.

    (a) Findings.--Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) With a value that may be as high as $10,000,000,000 per 
        year, the illegal trade in wildlife and wildlife products is 
        one of the most lucrative criminal activities globally, 
        dominated by sophisticated transnational criminal networks that 
        connect poachers to high-end markets for illegal wildlife 
        products and that are linked to other transnational organized 
        criminal activities, including trafficking in narcotics, 
        weapons, and humans.
            (2) The poaching of and illegal trade in wildlife, 
        including elephants and rhinoceroses, is rapidly escalating in 
        scale, sophistication, and violence, and there is evidence that 
        illegal trade in high-value wildlife parts, including elephant 
        ivory, is being used as a source of financing for criminal 
        organizations and armed groups that pose a threat to United 
        States economic and security interests in Africa and elsewhere, 
        including terrorist organizations and militias.
            (3) Increasing consumer demand for rhinoceros horn and 
        elephant ivory, in Asia and elsewhere, has caused the prices of 
        both to escalate, with the price of rhinoceros horn rivaling 
        that of gold or heroin by weight, further driving the poaching 
        and trafficking of rhinoceroses and elephants.
            (4) In 2014, 1,215 rhinoceroses were illegally killed in 
        South Africa, which represents an increase of more than 9,000 
        percent since 2007.
            (5) Two subspecies of African rhinoceroses and 1 subspecies 
        of Asian rhinoceros have gone extinct since 2005, and 2 of 3 
        Asian rhinoceros species have fallen to critically low 
        population numbers.
            (6) Data from the Monitoring the Illegal Killing of 
        Elephants program established under the Convention on 
        International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and 
        Flora, done at Washington March 3, 1973 (27 UST 1087; TIAS 
        8249) (commonly referred to as ``CITES'') and academic studies 
        indicated that 100,000 elephants were killed illegally across 
        the whole of Africa between 2010 and 2012.
            (7) From 2000 to 2011, 54 large-scale ivory seizures world-
        wide captured more than 110,000 kilograms of ivory. More than 
        half of those large-scale seizures occurred between 2008 and 
        2011, indicating an increasing demand for ivory and expanding 
        participation by organized crime in the illegal trade in ivory.
            (8) Wildlife crime threatens elephants, rhinoceros, and 
        tigers greatly, but also has a devastating impact on a number 
        of other species, including sharks, pangolins, great apes, and 
        turtles.
            (9) In addition to threatening the survival of imperiled 
        species, wildlife poachers and traffickers frequently kill park 
        rangers devoted to protecting their countries' wildlife, 
        destabilize communities through violence and corruption of 
        local law enforcement officials and others, and threaten 
        wildlife tourism industries, which contribute significantly to 
        the local and national economies of many countries.
            (10) Where wildlife is well-managed by communities or in 
        partnership with others, it can provide a significant and 
        sustainable source of economic activity, particularly in 
        impoverished rural areas, and when communities share in the 
        revenues generated by wildlife-based economic development, it 
        can greatly reduce incentives to engage in poaching activities 
        while greatly increasing incentives to protect wildlife.
            (11) At the 16th meeting of the Conference of the Parties 
        to CITES, held in Bangkok, Thailand, in March 2013, all parties 
        to CITES agreed to work to help eradicate poaching of 
        rhinoceroses, elephants, sharks, and other species, and the 
        illegal trade in their parts.
            (12) The United States can play a pivotal role in ensuring 
        that countries meet their international obligations under CITES 
        and take additional positive steps to address the wildlife 
        trafficking crisis and the global illegal trade in elephants, 
        rhinoceroses, and other species, including through sustained 
        diplomatic engagement.

                      TITLE I--PURPOSE AND POLICY

SEC. 101. PURPOSE.

    The purposes of this Act are--
            (1) to support a collaborative, interagency approach to 
        address the wildlife crime crisis;
            (2) to protect and conserve the remaining populations of 
        wild elephants, rhinoceroses, and other species threatened by 
        poaching and the illegal wildlife trade;
            (3) to disrupt regional and global transnational organized 
        criminal networks and to prevent the illegal wildlife trade 
        from being used as a source of financing for criminal groups 
        that undermine United States and global security interests;
            (4) to prevent wildlife poaching and trafficking from being 
        a means to make a living in countries of concern;
            (5) to create a conducive environment for wildlife and 
        local populations in countries of concern;
            (6) to reduce the global demand for ivory, rhinoceros horn, 
        and other wildlife and wildlife products taken and traded 
        illegally;
            (7) to support the efforts of, and collaborate with 
        individuals, communities, local organizations, and the 
        governments of countries of concern to combat poaching and 
        wildlife trafficking; and
            (8) to assist countries of concern in implementation of 
        national wildlife anti-trafficking and poaching laws.

SEC. 102. STATEMENT OF UNITED STATES POLICY.

    It is the policy of the United States to--
            (1) take immediate actions to stop the illegal global trade 
        in wildlife and wildlife products and associated transnational 
        organized crime;
            (2) provide technical and other forms of assistance to 
        countries of concern to help them halt the poaching of 
        elephants, rhinoceroses, and other imperiled species and end 
        the illegal trade in wildlife and their parts, including by 
        providing training and assistance in--
                    (A) wildlife protection and management of wildlife 
                populations;
                    (B) anti-poaching and protected area management;
                    (C) local engagement of security forces in anti-
                poaching responsibilities where appropriate;
                    (D) wildlife crime investigative techniques, 
                including forensic tools;
                    (E) transparency and corruption issues;
                    (F) management and tracking of confiscated wildlife 
                contraband;
                    (G) demand reduction strategies; and
                    (H) bilateral and multilateral cooperation 
                agreements;
            (3) employ all appropriate assets and resources of the 
        United States Government in a coordinated manner to curtail 
        poaching and disrupt and dismantle illegal wildlife trade 
        networks and the financing of those networks in a manner 
        appropriate for each country of concern;
            (4) implement the National Strategy and Implementation Plan 
        to further combat wildlife crimes in a holistic manner and 
        guide and aid in the response of the United States Government 
        to ensure progress in the fight against wildlife crime; and
            (5) to recognize the ties of wildlife trafficking to 
        broader forms of transitional organized criminal activities, 
        including trafficking, and where applicable, to focus on those 
        crimes in a coordinated, cross-cutting manner.

              TITLE II--FRAMEWORK FOR INTERAGENCY RESPONSE

SEC. 201. PRESIDENTIAL TASK FORCE ON WILDLIFE TRAFFICKING.

    (a) Responsibilities.--In addition to the functions required by 
Executive Order 13648 (78 Fed. Reg. 40621), the Task Force shall--
            (1) identify countries of concern and periodically assess 
        such countries, as appropriate, based on criteria, including 
        the role of such countries in the supply, poaching, or transit 
        of, or demand for, wildlife and wildlife products, and use that 
        information to prioritize work under this Act, as appropriate;
            (2) collaborate with the national wildlife services, or 
        other relevant components of the government, of each country of 
        concern to prepare, not later than 120 days after the date of 
        the enactment of this Act, a situational analysis of the 
        threats to wildlife in that country of concern and an 
        assessment of the capacity of that country to address wildlife 
        crime;
            (3) collaborate with the national wildlife services, or 
        other relevant components of the government, of each country of 
        concern to prepare, not later than 210 days after the date of 
        the enactment of this Act, a strategic plan that includes 
        recommendations for addressing wildlife crime, taking into 
        account any regional or national strategies for addressing 
        wildlife crimes in a country of concern developed before such 
        date of enactment;
            (4) coordinate efforts to implement the strategic plans 
        required by paragraph (3) and other goals to combat wildlife 
        crime in each country of concern among Federal agencies and 
        non-Federal partners, including missions, domestic and 
        international organizations, the private sector, and other 
        global partners;
            (5) not less frequently than annually, consult and 
        coordinate with stakeholders qualified to provide advice, 
        assistance, and information regarding effective support for 
        anti-poaching activities, coordinating regional law enforcement 
        efforts, developing and supporting effective legal enforcement 
        mechanisms, and developing strategies to reduce illicit trade 
        and reduce consumer demand for illegally traded wildlife and 
        wildlife products, and other relevant topics under this Act; 
        and
            (6) carry out other functions as are necessary to implement 
        this Act.
    (b) Duplication and Efficiency.--The Task Force shall--
            (1) ensure that the activities of the Federal agencies 
        involved in carrying out efforts under this Act are coordinated 
        and not duplicated; and
            (2) encourage efficiencies and coordination among the 
        efforts of Federal agencies and interagency initiatives ongoing 
        as of the date of the enactment of this Act to address 
        trafficking activities, including trafficking of wildlife, 
        humans, weapons, and narcotics, illegal trade, transnational 
        organized crime, or other illegal activities.
    (c) Consistency With Agency Responsibilities.--The Task Force shall 
carry out its responsibilities and prepare the reports required under 
this Act in a manner consistent with the authorities and 
responsibilities of agencies represented on the Task Force.
    (d) Termination of Task Force.--The Task Force shall terminate on 
the date that is 5 years after the date of the enactment of this Act.

  TITLE III--PROGRAMS TO ADDRESS THE ESCALATING WILDLIFE TRAFFICKING 
                                 CRISIS

SEC. 301. ANTI-POACHING PROGRAMS.

    (a) Wildlife Law Enforcement Professional Training and Coordination 
Activities.--The Secretary of State and the Administrator of the United 
States Agency for International Development, in collaboration with the 
heads of other relevant United States agencies and nongovernmental 
partners where appropriate, may provide assistance to countries of 
concern to carry out the recommendations made in the strategic plan 
required by section 201(a)(3), among other goals, to improve the 
effectiveness of wildlife law enforcement in regions and countries of 
concern, with clear and measurable targets and indicators of success, 
including--
            (1) assessing and utilizing existing resources, enforcement 
        tools, and legal authorities to coordinate the efforts of 
        combating wildlife trafficking with other illegal trade, such 
        as illegal weapons, narcotics, and human trafficking;
            (2) expanding existing wildlife crime law enforcement 
        training at international law enforcement academies;
            (3) providing targeted country-specific trainings on 
        wildlife crime law enforcement;
            (4) supporting the professionalization of the wildlife law 
        enforcement sector, which may include--
                    (A) creating and adopting standards for 
                professional ranger training and qualifications;
                    (B) training and accreditation systems based on the 
                standards described in subparagraph (A) that produce 
                professionally trained and qualified rangers and 
                promote the overall professionalization of ranger 
                forces, including appropriate participation within the 
                criminal justice system;
                    (C) developing and institutionalizing reward and 
                promotion systems for rangers based on performance and 
                set competencies;
                    (D) developing and institutionalizing national 
                systems to provide insurance to rangers and their 
                families and compensation for those rangers killed in 
                the line of duty; and
                    (E) cooperating and coordinating between law 
                enforcement tasked with wildlife or park protection and 
                defense forces, where appropriate, including training 
                opportunities, logistical support, or provision of 
                equipment;
            (5) providing training and technical support on joint 
        operations between wildlife law enforcement and anti-poaching 
        professionals and other law enforcement agencies to combat 
        threats from poaching;
            (6) training and assistance in gathering, sharing, 
        analyzing, managing, and applying intelligence related to 
        wildlife trafficking, including the use of data gathered from 
        weapons seizures and ballistics testing;
            (7) assisting in the creation or enhancement of 
        transboundary patrols and regional law enforcement operations 
        under joint command, particularly in central, eastern, and 
        southern Africa;
            (8) assessing technology needs in countries of concern and 
        promoting the use of technology to improve wildlife protection, 
        while taking into account the limitations of technology and the 
        appropriateness of using technology in each country of concern; 
        and
            (9) utilizing pre-existing national or regional strategies 
        that countries already have in place to combat wildlife 
        trafficking as a basis for incorporating applicable parts of 
        the National Strategy.
    (b) Authority To Provide Security Assistance.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary of State may provide defense 
        articles, defense services, and related training to security 
        forces of countries of concern for the purpose of countering 
        wildlife trafficking and poaching.
            (2) Certification.--The Secretary of State shall certify to 
        the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the 
        Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives 
        that any assistance provided pursuant to this subsection is 
        necessary for the purposes of combating wildlife crime.
            (3) Notification.--Consistent with the requirements of the 
        Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.) and the 
        Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.), the 
        Secretary of State shall notify the Committee on Foreign 
        Relations of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of 
        the House of Representatives regarding defense articles, 
        defense services, and related training provided under paragraph 
        (1).
            (4) Funding.--Assistance provided under this subsection 
        shall be provided using amounts available to the Secretary of 
        State for foreign military financing.
    (c) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Defense article; defense service; significant military 
        equipment; training.--The terms ``defense article'', ``defense 
        service'', ``significant military equipment'', and ``training'' 
        have the meanings given those terms in section 47 of the Arms 
        Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2794).
            (2) Security force.--The term ``security force'' means a 
        military, law enforcement, gendarmerie, park ranger, or any 
        other security force.

SEC. 302. ANTI-TRAFFICKING PROGRAMS.

    (a) Investigative Capacity Building.--The Secretary of State and 
the Administrator of the United States Agency for International 
Development, in collaboration with the heads of other relevant United 
States agencies and communities, regions, and governments in countries 
of concern, may design and implement programs in countries of concern 
to carry out the recommendations made in the strategic plan required by 
section 201(a)(3), among other goals, with clear and measurable targets 
and indicators of success, to increase the capacity of wildlife law 
enforcement and customs and border security officers in countries of 
concern to improve their ability to conduct--
            (1) professional investigations, including using law 
        enforcement techniques such as controlled deliveries, 
        undercover investigations, and the development of informer 
        networks and actionable intelligence;
            (2) market inspections and associated enforcement actions;
            (3) border inspections, including the use of sniffer dogs 
        and other detection equipment to identify elephant ivory, 
        rhinoceros horn, and products made from such ivory or horn, as 
        well as other illegal wildlife and wildlife products;
            (4) shipment and trafficking risk analyses and associated 
        targeting of high-risk shipments;
            (5) assessments of technology needs in countries of concern 
        and promotion of the use of technology to improve investigation 
        and prosecution of wildlife crimes, while taking into account 
        the limitations of technology and appropriateness of using 
        technology in each country of concern;
            (6) DNA-based and forensic identification of wildlife 
        products in trade, including assistance with advanced 
        techniques for determining the age and origin of ivory and 
        ivory products and rhinoceros horn; and
            (7) training for law enforcement personnel in complex 
        investigations that have not traditionally included wildlife 
        crime, but could in the future, including with respect to 
        international matters, financial issues, government corruption, 
        electronic evidence, and computer forensics.
    (b) Transnational Programs.--The Secretary of State and the 
Administrator of the United States Agency for International 
Development, in collaboration with other relevant United States 
agencies, nongovernmental partners, and international bodies, and in 
collaboration with communities, regions, and governments in countries 
of concern, may design and implement programs in countries of concern 
to carry out the recommendations made in the strategic plan required by 
section 201(a)(3), among other goals, to better understand and combat 
the transnational trade in illegal wildlife, including programs that--
            (1) improve understanding of the status of and trends in 
        transnational wildlife trafficking, poaching locations, ports 
        of entry and exit, and trade routes;
            (2) increase and institutionalize the capacity, 
        coordination, and technical expertise of governments and 
        regional law enforcement bodies to disrupt illegal wildlife 
        trafficking routes and cartels, including through enhanced 
        investigation techniques and informant networks;
            (3) identify linkages to other transnational criminal 
        activities and organizations and other forms of illegal trade 
        and utilize existing resources, enforcement tools, and legal 
        authorities to coordinate efforts;
            (4) identify and make transparent the role of money 
        laundering, shell companies, and other illegal financial 
        practices in international organized wildlife crime that help 
        link source, transit, and demand countries;
            (5) help to elevate and sustain the priority and importance 
        placed on wildlife trafficking issues by community, national, 
        regional and international law enforcement and security bodies; 
        and
            (6) may place, as feasible and appropriate, United States 
        wildlife law enforcement officers in countries of concern.

SEC. 303. DEMAND REDUCTION AGREEMENTS.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that the United 
States should continue to work with foreign countries, including the 
People's Republic of China, the Kingdom of Thailand, and the Socialist 
Republic of Vietnam, to build on positive efforts to combat global 
wildlife trafficking, including by reducing demand for illegal wildlife 
and illegal wildlife products.
    (b) United States-China Bilateral Agreements on Illegal Wildlife 
Trade.--The Secretary of State should, in consultation with the 
Secretary of the Interior--
            (1) implement agreements with the People's Republic of 
        China aimed at reducing demand for ivory and continue 
        negotiations on bilateral efforts to eliminate illegal trade in 
        wildlife and wildlife products within the United States and 
        China; and
            (2) collaborate to combat the global illegal wildlife 
        trade, identify and monitor international criminal syndicates 
        involved in wildlife trafficking, promote successful 
        enforcement actions and prosecutions, minimize the illegal 
        wildlife trade on the Internet, and phase out domestic stocks 
        of captive animals that could end up in the illegal trade or 
        serve to stimulate or mask illegal trade in critically 
        endangered species within the United States and China (other 
        than captive animals maintained by organizations whose 
        accreditation programs heed rigorous and publicly available 
        standards, utilize notable experts in the field to conduct 
        comprehensive inspection and review, and provide opportunity 
        for public comment).
    (c) United States-Thailand Bilateral Dialogue on Illegal Wildlife 
Trade.--The Secretary of State should, in consultation with the 
Secretary of the Interior--
            (1) initiate negotiations with the Kingdom of Thailand on a 
        bilateral agreement aimed at reducing demand for ivory and 
        illegal wildlife and wildlife products in Thailand through 
        support for anti-trafficking and demand reduction efforts, 
        legislative and regulatory reform, effective implementation of 
        Thailand's National Ivory Action Plan; and
            (2) collaborate to combat the global illegal wildlife 
        trade, identify and monitor international criminal syndicates 
        involved in wildlife trafficking, promote successful 
        enforcement actions and prosecutions and any other beneficial 
        measures, and use clear measures of success.
    (d) United States-Vietnam Bilateral Dialogue on Illegal Wildlife 
Trade.--The Secretary of State should, in consultation with the 
Secretary of the Interior--
            (1) initiate negotiations with the Socialist Republic of 
        Vietnam on a bilateral agreement aimed at eliminating illegal 
        trade in ivory, rhinoceros horn, and other wildlife and 
        wildlife products in Vietnam through support for anti-
        trafficking and demand reduction efforts, comprehensive 
        legislative and regulatory reform, effective rhinoceros trophy 
        management and registration, effective enforcement, 
        investigations, and prosecutions, and effective rhinoceros horn 
        stockpile management and registration; and
            (2) collaborate with Vietnam to combat the global illegal 
        wildlife trade, identify and monitor international criminal 
        syndicates involved in wildlife trafficking, promote successful 
        enforcement actions and prosecutions and any other beneficial 
        measures, and use clear measures of success.

SEC. 304. ENGAGEMENT OF UNITED STATES DIPLOMATIC MISSIONS.

    Not later than 210 days after the date of the enactment of this 
Act, each chief of mission to a country of concern should--
            (1) begin to implement the recommendations contained in the 
        strategic plan required by section 201(a)(3), among other 
        goals, for the country;
            (2) convene a working group of United States agency 
        officials operating in the country to focus on wildlife crime, 
        including experts in wildlife conservation, law enforcement, 
        criminal justice, transnational organized crime, defense, 
        intelligence, and development; and
            (3) where appropriate, designate a Wildlife Anti-
        Trafficking Coordinator, from among existing personnel at the 
        mission, whose role it is--
                    (A) to provide leadership and coordination across 
                United States agency officials operating within that 
                country involved in the working group and with 
                technical, political, and other stakeholders in the 
                government of the country and other community leaders 
                and stakeholders in order to support the 
                recommendations of the strategic plan required by 
                section 201(a)(3), among other goals, to prevent 
                wildlife crime in the country of concern;
                    (B) to share all relevant information about 
                wildlife crime from the country of concern with other 
                Wildlife Anti-Trafficking Coordinators in other 
                missions as well as to the Task Force; and
                    (C) to identify and engage with nongovernmental 
                partners working in the country on these issues to 
                support efforts described in subparagraphs (A) and (B), 
                including donor partners, conservation organizations, 
                and the private sector.

SEC. 305. INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AND GLOBAL PARTNERSHIPS.

    The Secretary of State and the Administrator for the United States 
Agency for International Development, in collaboration with the heads 
of other relevant United States agencies, may take action to strengthen 
international cooperation and partnerships to combat the global 
wildlife crime crisis, including through--
            (1) strengthening and advancing the implementation of 
        international agreements and other arrangements that protect 
        wildlife;
            (2) leveraging United States diplomacy to mobilize global 
        support for action against wildlife crime;
            (3) promoting organization of and participation by United 
        States agencies in wildlife crime enforcement operations;
            (4) building partnerships with governments, 
        intergovernmental organizations, nongovernmental organizations, 
        communities, and the private sector to combat wildlife crime, 
        including leveraging new and existing technologies;
            (5) considering the development of vetted units of local 
        law enforcement to be screened, trained, and supported by 
        appropriate United States law enforcement officials; and
            (6) encouraging countries, where appropriate, to 
        transparently audit their holdings of contraband wildlife and 
        wildlife products.

SEC. 306. COMMUNITY-BASED CONSERVATION.

    The Secretary of State, in collaboration with the heads of other 
relevant United States agencies, the private sector, nongovernmental 
organizations, and other development partners, may provide support in 
countries of concern to carry out the recommendations made in the 
strategic plan required by section 201(a)(3) as such recommendations 
relate to the development, scaling, and replication of community-owned 
wildlife conservancies and community-based conservation programs in 
countries of concern to assist with rural stability and greater 
security for people and wildlife, empower and support communities to 
own, manage, or benefit from their wildlife resources sustainably, and 
reduce the threat of poaching and trafficking, including through--
            (1) promoting conservation-based enterprises and 
        incentives, such as eco-tourism and agricultural production, 
        that empower communities to own or manage their wildlife, 
        natural resources, and community ventures where appropriate, by 
        ensuring they benefit from well-managed wildlife populations;
            (2) helping create alternative livelihoods to poaching by 
        helping support rural stability, greater security for people 
        and wildlife, sustainable economic development and economic 
        incentives to conserve wildlife populations;
            (3) engaging regional businesses and the private sector to 
        develop goods and services to aide in anti-poaching and anti-
        trafficking measures;
            (4) working with communities to develop secure and safe 
        methods of sharing information with enforcement officials;
            (5) providing technical assistance to support sustainable 
        land use plans to improve the economic, environmental, and 
        social outcomes in community-owned or -managed lands;
            (6) supporting community anti-poaching efforts including 
        policing and informant networks;
            (7) working with community and national governments to 
        develop relevant policy and regulatory frameworks to enable and 
        promote community-owned or -managed conservation programs, 
        including supporting law enforcement engagement with wildlife 
        protection authorities to promote information-sharing; and
            (8) working with national governments to ensure that 
        communities have timely and effective support from national 
        authorities to minimize physical or mortal risks that 
        communities may face when engaging in anti-poaching and anti-
        trafficking activities.

SEC. 307. REPORT ON WILDLIFE TRAFFICKING MEASURES.

    (a) Report Required.--Not later than one year after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the Co-Chairs of the 
Task Force, in collaboration with the Director of National Intelligence 
and the heads of other relevant United States agencies, shall submit to 
the appropriate congressional committees a report on wildlife crimes.
    (b) Matters To Be Included.--The report required by subsection (a) 
shall include the following:
            (1) A summary of the situational analysis of threats to 
        wildlife for each country of concern required by section 
        201(a)(2).
            (2) A summary of the strategic plan for each country of 
        concern required by section 201(a)(3) and an assessment of any 
        progress made on the implementation of the plan in that 
        country, including a description of measurable goals and a 
        framework with clear timelines and benchmarks for monitoring 
        such progress.
            (3) A detailed description of actions that each agency 
        represented on the Task Force has or will implement to carry 
        out the requirements of section 201 and the other provisions of 
        this Act.
            (4) A description of the capacity of the authorities of 
        governments of countries of concern to sustain the programs for 
        which the United States has provided assistance pursuant to 
        this Act.
            (5) An identification of the countries of concern that play 
        the most significant role in the supply or poaching of, transit 
        in, or demand for illegal wildlife or wildlife products or 
        their derivatives and a description of how such products or 
        derivatives are trafficked.
            (6) An identification of relevant supply routes, methods of 
        transportation, use and identification of freight forwarders, 
        financial institutions used in each country of concern, and red 
        flag indicators of wildlife smuggling related money laundering.
            (7) A description of the efforts of the countries 
        identified under paragraph (5) to counter wildlife trafficking 
        and to adhere to their international treaty obligations 
        relating to endangered or threatened species.
            (8) An assessment of the extent of involvement of 
        organizations designated as foreign terrorist organizations 
        under section 219 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 
        U.S.C. 1189).
            (9) Any security assistance provided under section 301(b), 
        or security assistance provided during the most recent fiscal 
        year ending before the date of the report using funds or 
        authorities available in the Act authorizing appropriations for 
        that fiscal year for military activities of the Department of 
        Defense, to each country of concern under section 301(b).
    (c) Form.--The report required by subsection (a) shall be submitted 
in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.
    (d) Termination Date.--The requirement to conduct reports under 
subsection (a) shall terminate on the date on which the Task Force 
terminates under section 201(d).

SEC. 308. IMPLEMENTATION USING AMOUNTS PREVIOUSLY APPROPRIATED.

    (a) In General.--The provisions of this Act shall be carried out 
using amounts previously appropriated and available for obligation as 
of the date of the enactment of this Act. No additional amounts are 
authorized to be appropriated to carry out this Act.
    (b) Prohibition on Use of Overseas Contingency Operations Funds.--
No amounts authorized to be appropriated for a fiscal year and 
designated as being in support of overseas contingency operations may 
be obligated or expended to carry out this Act.
    (c) Sense of Congress That Overseas Contingency Operations Funds 
Should Not Be Increased.--It is the sense of Congress that efforts to 
find available amounts to carry out this Act should not result in an 
increase in amounts authorized to be appropriated for a fiscal year to 
provide additional funds for overseas contingency operations.
                                 <all>