[Congressional Bills 114th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 1561 Engrossed Amendment Senate (EAS)]

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                  In the Senate of the United States,

                                                      December 1, 2016.
    Resolved, That the bill from the House of Representatives (H.R. 
1561) entitled ``An Act to improve the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
Administration's weather research through a focused program of 
investment on affordable and attainable advances in observational, 
computing, and modeling capabilities to support substantial improvement 
in weather forecasting and prediction of high impact weather events, to 
expand commercial opportunities for the provision of weather data, and 
for other purposes.'', do pass with the following

                               AMENDMENT:

            Strike all after the enacting clause and insert the 
      following:

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Weather Research 
and Forecasting Innovation Act of 2016''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this Act is as 
follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Definitions.

  TITLE I--UNITED STATES WEATHER RESEARCH AND FORECASTING IMPROVEMENT

Sec. 101. Public safety priority.
Sec. 102. Weather research and forecasting innovation.
Sec. 103. Tornado warning improvement and extension program.
Sec. 104. Hurricane forecast improvement program.
Sec. 105. Weather research and development planning.
Sec. 106. Observing system planning.
Sec. 107. Observing system simulation experiments.
Sec. 108. Annual report on computing resources prioritization.
Sec. 109. United States Weather Research program.
Sec. 110. Authorization of appropriations.

       TITLE II--SUBSEASONAL AND SEASONAL FORECASTING INNOVATION

Sec. 201. Improving subseasonal and seasonal forecasts.

            TITLE III--WEATHER SATELLITE AND DATA INNOVATION

Sec. 301. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration satellite and 
                            data management.
Sec. 302. Commercial weather data.
Sec. 303. Unnecessary duplication.

                 TITLE IV--FEDERAL WEATHER COORDINATION

Sec. 401. Environmental Information Services Working Group.
Sec. 402. Interagency weather research and forecast innovation 
                            coordination.
Sec. 403. Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research and National 
                            Weather Service exchange program.
Sec. 404. Visiting fellows at National Weather Service.
Sec. 405. Warning coordination meteorologists at weather forecast 
                            offices of National Weather Service.
Sec. 406. Improving National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 
                            communication of hazardous weather and 
                            water events.
Sec. 407. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Weather Ready 
                            All Hazards Award Program.
Sec. 408. Department of Defense weather forecasting activities.
Sec. 409. National Weather Service; operations and workforce analysis.
Sec. 410. Water resources.
Sec. 411. Report on contract positions at National Weather Service.
Sec. 412. Weather impacts to communities and infrastructure.
Sec. 413. Weather enterprise outreach.

     TITLE V--TSUNAMI WARNING, EDUCATION, AND RESEARCH ACT OF 2016

Sec. 501. Short title.
Sec. 502. References to the Tsunami Warning and Education Act.
Sec. 503. Expansion of purposes of Tsunami Warning and Education Act.
Sec. 504. Modification of tsunami forecasting and warning program.
Sec. 505. Modification of national tsunami hazard mitigation program.
Sec. 506. Modification of tsunami research program.
Sec. 507. Global tsunami warning and mitigation network.
Sec. 508. Tsunami Science and Technology Advisory Panel.
Sec. 509. Reports.
Sec. 510. Authorization of appropriations.
Sec. 511. Outreach responsibilities.
Sec. 512. Repeal of duplicate provisions of law.

SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.

    In this Act:
            (1) Seasonal.--The term ``seasonal'' means the time range 
        between 3 months and 2 years.
            (2) State.--The term ``State'' means a State, a territory, 
        or possession of the United States, including a Commonwealth, 
        or the District of Columbia.
            (3) Subseasonal.--The term ``subseasonal'' means the time 
        range between 2 weeks and 3 months.
            (4) Under secretary.--The term ``Under Secretary'' means 
        the Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere.
            (5) Weather industry and weather enterprise.--The terms 
        ``weather industry'' and ``weather enterprise'' are 
        interchangeable in this Act, and include individuals and 
        organizations from public, private, and academic sectors that 
        contribute to the research, development, and production of 
        weather forecast products, and primary consumers of these 
        weather forecast products.

  TITLE I--UNITED STATES WEATHER RESEARCH AND FORECASTING IMPROVEMENT

SEC. 101. PUBLIC SAFETY PRIORITY.

    In conducting research, the Under Secretary shall prioritize 
improving weather data, modeling, computing, forecasting, and warnings 
for the protection of life and property and for the enhancement of the 
national economy.

SEC. 102. WEATHER RESEARCH AND FORECASTING INNOVATION.

    (a) Program.--The Assistant Administrator for the Office of Oceanic 
and Atmospheric Research shall conduct a program to develop improved 
understanding of and forecast capabilities for atmospheric events and 
their impacts, placing priority on developing more accurate, timely, 
and effective warnings and forecasts of high impact weather events that 
endanger life and property.
    (b) Program Elements.--The program described in subsection (a) 
shall focus on the following activities:
            (1) Improving the fundamental understanding of weather 
        consistent with section 101, including the boundary layer and 
        other processes affecting high impact weather events.
            (2) Improving the understanding of how the public receives, 
        interprets, and responds to warnings and forecasts of high 
        impact weather events that endanger life and property.
            (3) Research and development, and transfer of knowledge, 
        technologies, and applications to the National Weather Service 
        and other appropriate agencies and entities, including the 
        United States weather industry and academic partners, related 
        to--
                    (A) advanced radar, radar networking technologies, 
                and other ground-based technologies, including those 
                emphasizing rapid, fine-scale sensing of the boundary 
                layer and lower troposphere, and the use of innovative, 
                dual-polarization, phased-array technologies;
                    (B) aerial weather observing systems;
                    (C) high performance computing and information 
                technology and wireless communication networks;
                    (D) advanced numerical weather prediction systems 
                and forecasting tools and techniques that improve the 
                forecasting of timing, track, intensity, and severity 
                of high impact weather, including through--
                            (i) the development of more effective 
                        mesoscale models;
                            (ii) more effective use of existing, and 
                        the development of new, regional and national 
                        cloud-resolving models;
                            (iii) enhanced global weather models; and
                            (iv) integrated assessment models;
                    (E) quantitative assessment tools for measuring the 
                impact and value of data and observing systems, 
                including Observing System Simulation Experiments (as 
                described in section 107), Observing System 
                Experiments, and Analyses of Alternatives;
                    (F) atmospheric chemistry and interactions 
                essential to accurately characterizing atmospheric 
                composition and predicting meteorological processes, 
                including cloud microphysical, precipitation, and 
                atmospheric electrification processes, to more 
                effectively understand their role in severe weather; 
                and
                    (G) additional sources of weather data and 
                information, including commercial observing systems.
            (4) A technology transfer initiative, carried out jointly 
        and in coordination with the Director of the National Weather 
        Service, and in cooperation with the United States weather 
        industry and academic partners, to ensure continuous 
        development and transition of the latest scientific and 
        technological advances into operations of the National Weather 
        Service and to establish a process to sunset outdated and 
        expensive operational methods and tools to enable cost-
        effective transfer of new methods and tools into operations.
    (c) Extramural Research.--
            (1) In general.--In carrying out the program under this 
        section, the Assistant Administrator for Oceanic and 
        Atmospheric Research shall collaborate with and support the 
        non-Federal weather research community, which includes 
        institutions of higher education, private entities, and 
        nongovernmental organizations, by making funds available 
        through competitive grants, contracts, and cooperative 
        agreements.
            (2) Sense of congress.--It is the sense of Congress that 
        not less than 30 percent of the funds for weather research and 
        development at the Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research 
        should be made available for the purpose described in paragraph 
        (1).
    (d) Annual Report.--Each year, concurrent with the annual budget 
request submitted by the President to Congress under section 1105 of 
title 31, United States Code, for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
Administration, the Under Secretary shall submit to Congress a 
description of current and planned activities under this section.

SEC. 103. TORNADO WARNING IMPROVEMENT AND EXTENSION PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--The Under Secretary, in collaboration with the 
United States weather industry and academic partners, shall establish a 
tornado warning improvement and extension program.
    (b) Goal.--The goal of such program shall be to reduce the loss of 
life and economic losses from tornadoes through the development and 
extension of accurate, effective, and timely tornado forecasts, 
predictions, and warnings, including the prediction of tornadoes beyond 
one hour in advance.
    (c) Program Plan.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Assistant Administrator for Oceanic and 
Atmospheric Research, in coordination with the Director of the National 
Weather Service, shall develop a program plan that details the specific 
research, development, and technology transfer activities, as well as 
corresponding resources and timelines, necessary to achieve the program 
goal.
    (d) Annual Budget for Plan Submittal.--Following completion of the 
plan, the Under Secretary, acting through the Assistant Administrator 
for Oceanic and Atmospheric Research and in coordination with the 
Director of the National Weather Service, shall, not less frequently 
than once each year, submit to Congress a proposed budget corresponding 
with the activities identified in the plan.

SEC. 104. HURRICANE FORECAST IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--The Under Secretary, in collaboration with the 
United States weather industry and such academic entities as the 
Administrator considers appropriate, shall maintain a project to 
improve hurricane forecasting.
    (b) Goal.--The goal of the project maintained under subsection (a) 
shall be to develop and extend accurate hurricane forecasts and 
warnings in order to reduce loss of life, injury, and damage to the 
economy, with a focus on--
            (1) improving the prediction of rapid intensification and 
        track of hurricanes;
            (2) improving the forecast and communication of storm 
        surges from hurricanes; and
            (3) incorporating risk communication research to create 
        more effective watch and warning products.
    (c) Project Plan.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Under Secretary, acting through the 
Assistant Administrator for Oceanic and Atmospheric Research and in 
consultation with the Director of the National Weather Service, shall 
develop a plan for the project maintained under subsection (a) that 
details the specific research, development, and technology transfer 
activities, as well as corresponding resources and timelines, necessary 
to achieve the goal set forth in subsection (b).

SEC. 105. WEATHER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PLANNING.

    Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, 
and not less frequently than once each year thereafter, the Under 
Secretary, acting through the Assistant Administrator for Oceanic and 
Atmospheric Research and in coordination with the Director of the 
National Weather Service and the Assistant Administrator for Satellite 
and Information Services, shall issue a research and development and 
research to operations plan to restore and maintain United States 
leadership in numerical weather prediction and forecasting that--
            (1) describes the forecasting skill and technology goals, 
        objectives, and progress of the National Oceanic and 
        Atmospheric Administration in carrying out the program 
        conducted under section 102;
            (2) identifies and prioritizes specific research and 
        development activities, and performance metrics, weighted to 
        meet the operational weather mission of the National Weather 
        Service to achieve a weather-ready Nation;
            (3) describes how the program will collaborate with 
        stakeholders, including the United States weather industry and 
        academic partners; and
            (4) identifies, through consultation with the National 
        Science Foundation, the United States weather industry, and 
        academic partners, research necessary to enhance the 
        integration of social science knowledge into weather forecast 
        and warning processes, including to improve the communication 
        of threat information necessary to enable improved severe 
        weather planning and decisionmaking on the part of individuals 
        and communities.

SEC. 106. OBSERVING SYSTEM PLANNING.

    The Under Secretary shall--
            (1) develop and maintain a prioritized list of observation 
        data requirements necessary to ensure weather forecasting 
        capabilities to protect life and property to the maximum extent 
        practicable;
            (2) consistent with section 107, utilize Observing System 
        Simulation Experiments, Observing System Experiments, Analyses 
        of Alternatives, and other appropriate assessment tools to 
        ensure continuous systemic evaluations of the observing 
        systems, data, and information needed to meet the requirements 
        of paragraph (1), including options to maximize observational 
        capabilities and their cost-effectiveness;
            (3) identify current and potential future data gaps in 
        observing capabilities related to the requirements listed under 
        paragraph (1); and
            (4) determine a range of options to address gaps identified 
        under paragraph (3).

SEC. 107. OBSERVING SYSTEM SIMULATION EXPERIMENTS.

    (a) In General.--In support of the requirements of section 106, the 
Assistant Administrator for Oceanic and Atmospheric Research shall 
undertake Observing System Simulation Experiments, or such other 
quantitative assessments as the Assistant Administrator considers 
appropriate, to quantitatively assess the relative value and benefits 
of observing capabilities and systems. Technical and scientific 
Observing System Simulation Experiment evaluations--
            (1) may include assessments of the impact of observing 
        capabilities on--
                    (A) global weather prediction;
                    (B) hurricane track and intensity forecasting;
                    (C) tornado warning lead times and accuracy;
                    (D) prediction of mid-latitude severe local storm 
                outbreaks; and
                    (E) prediction of storms that have the potential to 
                cause extreme precipitation and flooding lasting from 6 
                hours to 1 week; and
            (2) shall be conducted in cooperation with other 
        appropriate entities within the National Oceanic and 
        Atmospheric Administration, other Federal agencies, the United 
        States weather industry, and academic partners to ensure the 
        technical and scientific merit of results from Observing System 
        Simulation Experiments or other appropriate quantitative 
        assessment methodologies.
    (b) Requirements.--Observing System Simulation Experiments shall 
quantitatively--
            (1) determine the potential impact of proposed space-based, 
        suborbital, and in situ observing systems on analyses and 
        forecasts, including potential impacts on extreme weather 
        events across all parts of the Nation;
            (2) evaluate and compare observing system design options; 
        and
            (3) assess the relative capabilities and costs of various 
        observing systems and combinations of observing systems in 
        providing data necessary to protect life and property.
    (c) Implementation.--Observing System Simulation Experiments--
            (1) shall be conducted prior to the acquisition of major 
        Government-owned or Government-leased operational observing 
        systems, including polar-orbiting and geostationary satellite 
        systems, with a lifecycle cost of more than $500,000,000; and
            (2) shall be conducted prior to the purchase of any major 
        new commercially provided data with a lifecycle cost of more 
        than $500,000,000.
    (d) Priority Observing System Simulation Experiments.--
            (1) Global navigation satellite system radio occultation.--
        Not later than 30 days after the date of the enactment of this 
        Act, the Assistant Administrator for Oceanic and Atmospheric 
        Research shall complete an Observing System Simulation 
        Experiment to assess the value of data from Global Navigation 
        Satellite System Radio Occultation.
            (2) Geostationary hyperspectral sounder global 
        constellation.--Not later than 120 days after the date of the 
        enactment of this Act, the Assistant Administrator for Oceanic 
        and Atmospheric Research shall complete an Observing System 
        Simulation Experiment to assess the value of data from a 
        geostationary hyperspectral sounder global constellation.
    (e) Results.--Upon completion of all Observing System Simulation 
Experiments, the Assistant Administrator shall make available to the 
public the results an assessment of related private and public sector 
weather data sourcing options, including their availability, 
affordability, and cost-effectiveness. Such assessments shall be 
developed in accordance with section 50503 of title 51, United States 
Code.

SEC. 108. ANNUAL REPORT ON COMPUTING RESOURCES PRIORITIZATION.

    Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act 
and not less frequently than once each year thereafter, the Under 
Secretary, acting through the Chief Information Officer of the National 
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and in coordination with the 
Assistant Administrator for Oceanic and Atmospheric Research and the 
Director of the National Weather Service, shall produce and make 
publicly available a report that explains how the Under Secretary 
intends--
            (1) to continually support upgrades to pursue the fastest, 
        most powerful, and cost-effective high performance computing 
        technologies in support of its weather prediction mission;
            (2) to ensure a balance between the research to operations 
        requirements to develop the next generation of regional and 
        global models as well as highly reliable operational models;
            (3) to take advantage of advanced development concepts to, 
        as appropriate, make next generation weather prediction models 
        available in beta-test mode to operational forecasters, the 
        United States weather industry, and partners in academic and 
        Government research; and
            (4) to use existing computing resources to improve advanced 
        research and operational weather prediction.

SEC. 109. UNITED STATES WEATHER RESEARCH PROGRAM.

    Section 108 of the Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 
Authorization Act of 1992 (Public Law 102-567; 15 U.S.C. 313 note) is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in paragraph (3), by striking ``; and'' and 
                inserting a semicolon;
                    (B) in paragraph (4), by striking the period at the 
                end and inserting a semicolon; and
                    (C) by inserting after paragraph (4) the following:
            ``(5) submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
        Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Science, 
        Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives, not less 
        frequently than once each year, a report, including--
                    ``(A) a list of ongoing research projects;
                    ``(B) project goals and a point of contact for each 
                project;
                    ``(C) the 5 projects related to weather 
                observations, short-term weather, or subseasonal 
                forecasts within Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric 
                Research that are closest to operationalization,
                    ``(D) for each project referred to in subparagraph 
                (C)--
                            ``(i) the potential benefit;
                            ``(ii) any barrier to operationalization; 
                        and
                            ``(iii) the plan for operationalization, 
                        including which line office will financially 
                        support the project and how much the line 
                        office intends to spend;
            ``(6) establish teams with staff from the Office of Oceanic 
        and Atmospheric Research and the National Weather Service to 
        oversee the operationalization of research products developed 
        by the Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research;
            ``(7) develop mechanisms for research priorities of the 
        Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research to be informed by 
        the relevant line offices within the National Oceanic and 
        Atmospheric Administration, the relevant user community, and 
        the weather enterprise;
            ``(8) develop an internal mechanism to track the progress 
        of each research project within the Office of Oceanic and 
        Atmospheric Research and mechanisms to terminate a project that 
        is not adequately progressing;
            ``(9) develop and implement a system to track whether 
        extramural research grant goals were accomplished;
            ``(10) provide facilities for products developed by the 
        Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research to be tested in 
        operational simulations, such as test beds; and
            ``(11) encourage academic collaboration with the Office of 
        Oceanic and Atmospheric Research and the National Weather 
        Service by facilitating visiting scholars.'';
            (2) in subsection (b), in the matter preceding paragraph 
        (1), by striking ``Not later than 90 days after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the'' and inserting ``The''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following new subsection:
    ``(c) Subseasonal Defined.--In this section, the term `subseasonal' 
means the time range between 2 weeks and 3 months.''.

SEC. 110. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    (a) Fiscal Years 2016 Through 2018.--For each of fiscal years 2016 
through 2018, there are authorized to be appropriated to Office of 
Oceanic and Atmospheric Research--
            (1) $111,516,000 to carry out this title, of which--
                    (A) $85,758,000 is authorized for weather 
                laboratories and cooperative institutes; and
                    (B) $25,758,000 is authorized for weather and air 
                chemistry research programs; and
            (2) an additional amount of $20,000,000 for the joint 
        technology transfer initiative described in section 102(b)(4).
    (b) Limitation.--No additional funds are authorized to carry out 
this title and the amendments made by this title.

       TITLE II--SUBSEASONAL AND SEASONAL FORECASTING INNOVATION

SEC. 201. IMPROVING SUBSEASONAL AND SEASONAL FORECASTS.

    Section 1762 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (Public Law 99-198; 
15 U.S.C. 313 note) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``(a)'' and inserting 
        ``(a) Findings.--'';
            (2) in subsection (b), by striking ``(b)'' and inserting 
        ``(b) Policy.--''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(c) Functions.--The Under Secretary, acting through the Director 
of the National Weather Service and the heads of such other programs of 
the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration as the Under 
Secretary considers appropriate, shall--
            ``(1) collect and utilize information in order to make 
        usable, reliable, and timely foundational forecasts of 
        subseasonal and seasonal temperature and precipitation;
            ``(2) leverage existing research and models from the 
        weather enterprise to improve the forecasts under paragraph 
        (1);
            ``(3) determine and provide information on how the 
        forecasted conditions under paragraph (1) may impact--
                    ``(A) the number and severity of droughts, fires, 
                tornadoes, hurricanes, floods, heat waves, coastal 
                inundation, winter storms, high impact weather, or 
                other relevant natural disasters;
                    ``(B) snowpack; and
                    ``(C) sea ice conditions; and
            ``(4) develop an Internet clearinghouse to provide the 
        forecasts under paragraph (1) and the information under 
        paragraphs (1) and (3) on both national and regional levels.
    ``(d) Communication.--The Director of the National Weather Service 
shall provide the forecasts under paragraph (1) of subsection (c) and 
the information on their impacts under paragraph (3) of such subsection 
to the public, including public and private entities engaged in 
planning and preparedness, such as National Weather Service Core 
partners at the Federal, regional, State, tribal, and local levels of 
government.
    ``(e) Cooperation.--The Under Secretary shall build upon existing 
forecasting and assessment programs and partnerships, including--
            ``(1) by designating research and monitoring activities 
        related to subseasonal and seasonal forecasts as a priority in 
        1 or more solicitations of the Cooperative Institutes of the 
        Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research;
            ``(2) by contributing to the interagency Earth System 
        Prediction Capability; and
            ``(3) by consulting with the Secretary of Defense and the 
        Secretary of Homeland Security to determine the highest 
        priority subseasonal and seasonal forecast needs to enhance 
        national security.
    ``(f) Forecast Communication Coordinators.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Under Secretary shall foster 
        effective communication, understanding, and use of the 
        forecasts by the intended users of the information described in 
        subsection (d). This may include assistance to States for 
        forecast communication coordinators to enable local 
        interpretation and planning based on the information.
            ``(2) Requirements.--For each State that requests 
        assistance under this subsection, the Under Secretary may--
                    ``(A) provide funds to support an individual in 
                that State--
                            ``(i) to serve as a liaison among the 
                        National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
                        Administration, other Federal departments and 
                        agencies, the weather enterprise, the State, 
                        and relevant interests within that State; and
                            ``(ii) to receive the forecasts and 
                        information under subsection (c) and 
                        disseminate the forecasts and information 
                        throughout the State, including to county and 
                        tribal governments; and
                    ``(B) require matching funds of at least 50 
                percent, from the State, a university, a 
                nongovernmental organization, a trade association, or 
                the private sector.
            ``(3) Limitation.--Assistance to an individual State under 
        this subsection shall not exceed $100,000 in a fiscal year.
    ``(g) Cooperation From Other Federal Agencies.--Each Federal 
department and agency shall cooperate as appropriate with the Under 
Secretary in carrying out this section.
    ``(h) Reports.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than 18 months after the date 
        of the enactment of the Weather Research and Forecasting 
        Innovation Act of 2016, the Under Secretary shall submit to the 
        Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the 
        Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of 
        the House of Representatives a report, including--
                    ``(A) an analysis of the how information from the 
                National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration on 
                subseasonal and seasonal forecasts, as provided under 
                subsection (c), is utilized in public planning and 
                preparedness;
                    ``(B) specific plans and goals for the continued 
                development of the subseasonal and seasonal forecasts 
                and related products described in subsection (c); and
                    ``(C) an identification of research, monitoring, 
                observing, and forecasting requirements to meet the 
                goals described in subparagraph (B).
            ``(2) Consultation.--In developing the report under 
        paragraph (1), the Under Secretary shall consult with relevant 
        Federal, regional, State, tribal, and local government 
        agencies, research institutions, and the private sector.
    ``(i) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Foundational forecast.--The term `foundational 
        forecast' means basic weather observation and forecast data, 
        largely in raw form, before further processing is applied.
            ``(2) National weather service core partners.--The term 
        `National Weather Service core partners' means government and 
        nongovernment entities which are directly involved in the 
        preparation or dissemination of, or discussions involving, 
        hazardous weather or other emergency information put out by the 
        National Weather Service.
            ``(3) Seasonal.--The term `seasonal' means the time range 
        between 3 months and 2 years.
            ``(4) State.--The term `State' means a State, a territory, 
        or possession of the United States, including a Commonwealth, 
        or the District of Columbia.
            ``(5) Subseasonal.--The term `subseasonal' means the time 
        range between 2 weeks and 3 months.
            ``(6) Under secretary.--The term `Under Secretary' means 
        the Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere.
            ``(7) Weather industry and weather enterprise.--The terms 
        `weather industry' and `weather enterprise' are interchangeable 
        in this section and include individuals and organizations from 
        public, private, and academic sectors that contribute to the 
        research, development, and production of weather forecast 
        products, and primary consumers of these weather forecast 
        products.
    ``(j) Authorization of Appropriations.--For each of fiscal years 
2016 through 2018, there are authorized out of funds appropriated to 
the National Weather Service, $26,500,000 to carry out the activities 
of this section.''.

            TITLE III--WEATHER SATELLITE AND DATA INNOVATION

SEC. 301. NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION SATELLITE AND 
              DATA MANAGEMENT.

    (a) Short-term Management of Environmental Observations.--
            (1) Microsatellite constellations.--
                    (A) In general.--The Under Secretary shall complete 
                and operationalize the Constellation Observing System 
                for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate-1 and Climate-
                2 (COSMIC) in effect on the day before the date of the 
                enactment of this Act--
                            (i) by deploying constellations of 
                        microsatellites in both the equatorial and 
                        polar orbits;
                            (ii) by integrating the resulting data and 
                        research into all national operational and 
                        research weather forecast models; and
                            (iii) by ensuring that the resulting data 
                        of National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
                        Administration's COSMIC-1 and COSMIC-2 programs 
                        are free and open to all communities.
                    (B) Annual reports.--Not less frequently than once 
                each year until the Under Secretary has completed and 
                operationalized the program described in subparagraph 
                (A) pursuant to such subparagraph, the Under Secretary 
                shall submit to Congress a report on the status of the 
                efforts of the Under Secretary to carry out such 
                subparagraph.
            (2) Integration of ocean and coastal data from the 
        integrated ocean observing system.--In National Weather Service 
        Regions where the Director of the National Weather Service 
        determines that ocean and coastal data would improve forecasts, 
        the Director, in consultation with the Assistant Administrator 
        for Oceanic and Atmospheric Research and the Assistant 
        Administrator of the National Ocean Service, shall--
                    (A) integrate additional coastal and ocean 
                observations, and other data and research, from the 
                Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) into regional 
                weather forecasts to improve weather forecasts and 
                forecasting decision support systems; and
                    (B) support the development of real-time data 
                sharing products and forecast products in collaboration 
                with the regional associations of such system, 
                including contributions from the private sector, 
                academia, and research institutions to ensure timely 
                and accurate use of ocean and coastal data in regional 
                forecasts.
            (3) Existing monitoring and observation-capability.--The 
        Under Secretary shall identify degradation of existing 
        monitoring and observation capabilities that could lead to a 
        reduction in forecast quality.
            (4) Specifications for new satellite systems or data 
        determined by operational needs.--In developing specifications 
        for any satellite systems or data to follow the Joint Polar 
        Satellite System, Geostationary Operational Environmental 
        Satellites, and any other satellites, in effect on the day 
        before the date of enactment of this Act, the Under Secretary 
        shall ensure the specifications are determined to the extent 
        practicable by the recommendations of the reports under 
        subsection (b) of this section.
    (b) Independent Study on Future of National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
Administration Satellite Systems and Data.--
            (1) Agreement.--
                    (A) In general.--The Under Secretary shall seek to 
                enter into an agreement with the National Academy of 
                Sciences to perform the services covered by this 
                subsection.
                    (B) Timing.--The Under Secretary shall seek to 
                enter into the agreement described in subparagraph (A) 
                before September 30, 2018.
            (2) Study.--
                    (A) In general.--Under an agreement between the 
                Under Secretary and the National Academy of Sciences 
                under this subsection, the National Academy of Sciences 
                shall conduct a study on matters concerning future 
                satellite data needs.
                    (B) Elements.--In conducting the study under 
                subparagraph (A), the National Academy of Sciences 
                shall--
                            (i) develop recommendations on how to make 
                        the data portfolio of the Administration more 
                        robust and cost-effective;
                            (ii) assess the costs and benefits of 
                        moving toward a constellation of many small 
                        satellites, standardizing satellite bus design, 
                        relying more on the purchasing of data, or 
                        acquiring data from other sources or methods;
                            (iii) identify the environmental 
                        observations that are essential to the 
                        performance of weather models, based on an 
                        assessment of Federal, academic, and private 
                        sector weather research, and the cost of 
                        obtaining the environmental data;
                            (iv) identify environmental observations 
                        that improve the quality of operational and 
                        research weather models in effect on the day 
                        before the date of enactment of this Act;
                            (v) identify and prioritize new 
                        environmental observations that could 
                        contribute to existing and future weather 
                        models; and
                            (vi) develop recommendations on a portfolio 
                        of environmental observations that balances 
                        essential, quality-improving, and new data, 
                        private and nonprivate sources, and space-based 
                        and Earth-based sources.
                    (C) Deadline and report.--In carrying out the study 
                under subparagraph (A), the National Academy of 
                Sciences shall complete and transmit to the Under 
                Secretary a report containing the findings of the 
                National Academy of Sciences with respect to the study 
                not later than 2 years after the date on which the 
                Administrator enters into an agreement with the 
                National Academy of Sciences under paragraph (1)(A).
            (3) Alternate organization.--
                    (A) In general.--If the Under Secretary is unable 
                within the period prescribed in subparagraph (B) of 
                paragraph (1) to enter into an agreement described in 
                subparagraph (A) of such paragraph with the National 
                Academy of Sciences on terms acceptable to the Under 
                Secretary, the Under Secretary shall seek to enter into 
                such an agreement with another appropriate organization 
                that--
                            (i) is not part of the Federal Government;
                            (ii) operates as a not-for-profit entity; 
                        and
                            (iii) has expertise and objectivity 
                        comparable to that of the National Academy of 
                        Sciences.
                    (B) Treatment.--If the Under Secretary enters into 
                an agreement with another organization as described in 
                subparagraph (A), any reference in this subsection to 
                the National Academy of Sciences shall be treated as a 
                reference to the other organization.
            (4) Authorization of appropriations.--There are authorized 
        to be appropriated, out of funds appropriated to National 
        Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, to 
        carry out this subsection $1,000,000 for the period 
        encompassing fiscal years 2018 through 2019.

SEC. 302. COMMERCIAL WEATHER DATA.

    (a) Data and Hosted Satellite Payloads.--Notwithstanding any other 
provision of law, the Secretary of Commerce may enter into agreements 
for--
            (1) the purchase of weather data through contracts with 
        commercial providers; and
            (2) the placement of weather satellite instruments on 
        cohosted government or private payloads.
    (b) Strategy.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
        the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Commerce, in 
        consultation with the Under Secretary, shall submit to the 
        Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the 
        Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of 
        the House of Representatives a strategy to enable the 
        procurement of quality commercial weather data. The strategy 
        shall assess the range of commercial opportunities, including 
        public-private partnerships, for obtaining surface-based, 
        aviation-based, and space-based weather observations. The 
        strategy shall include the expected cost-effectiveness of these 
        opportunities as well as provide a plan for procuring data, 
        including an expected implementation timeline, from these 
        nongovernmental sources, as appropriate.
            (2) Requirements.--The strategy shall include--
                    (A) an analysis of financial or other benefits to, 
                and risks associated with, acquiring commercial weather 
                data or services, including through multiyear 
                acquisition approaches;
                    (B) an identification of methods to address 
                planning, programming, budgeting, and execution 
                challenges to such approaches, including--
                            (i) how standards will be set to ensure 
                        that data is reliable and effective;
                            (ii) how data may be acquired through 
                        commercial experimental or innovative 
                        techniques and then evaluated for integration 
                        into operational use;
                            (iii) how to guarantee public access to all 
                        forecast-critical data to ensure that the 
                        United States weather industry and the public 
                        continue to have access to information critical 
                        to their work; and
                            (iv) in accordance with section 50503 of 
                        title 51, United States Code, methods to 
                        address potential termination liability or 
                        cancellation costs associated with weather data 
                        or service contracts; and
                    (C) an identification of any changes needed in the 
                requirements development and approval processes of the 
                Department of Commerce to facilitate effective and 
                efficient implementation of such strategy.
            (3) Authority for agreements.--The Assistant Administrator 
        for National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information 
        Service may enter into multiyear agreements necessary to carry 
        out the strategy developed under this subsection.
    (c) Pilot Program.--
            (1) Criteria.--Not later than 30 days after the date of the 
        enactment of this Act, the Under Secretary shall publish data 
        and metadata standards and specifications for space-based 
        commercial weather data, including radio occultation data, and, 
        as soon as possible, geostationary hyperspectral sounder data.
            (2) Pilot contracts.--
                    (A) Contracts.--Not later than 90 days after the 
                date of enactment of this Act, the Under Secretary 
                shall, through an open competition, enter into at least 
                one pilot contract with one or more private sector 
                entities capable of providing data that meet the 
                standards and specifications set by the Under Secretary 
                for providing commercial weather data in a manner that 
                allows the Under Secretary to calibrate and evaluate 
                the data for its use in National Oceanic and 
                Atmospheric Administration meteorological models.
                    (B) Assessment of data viability.--Not later than 
                the date that is 3 years after the date on which the 
                Under Secretary enters into a contract under 
                subparagraph (A), the Under Secretary shall assess and 
                submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
                Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on 
                Science, Space, and Technology of the House of 
                Representatives the results of a determination of the 
                extent to which data provided under the contract 
                entered into under subparagraph (A) meet the criteria 
                published under paragraph (1) and the extent to which 
                the pilot program has demonstrated--
                            (i) the viability of assimilating the 
                        commercially provided data into National 
                        Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 
                        meteorological models;
                            (ii) whether, and by how much, the data add 
                        value to weather forecasts; and
                            (iii) the accuracy, quality, timeliness, 
                        validity, reliability, usability, information 
                        technology security, and cost-effectiveness of 
                        obtaining commercial weather data from private 
                        sector providers.
            (3) Authorization of appropriations.--For each of fiscal 
        years 2017 through 2020, there are authorized to be 
        appropriated for procurement, acquisition, and construction at 
        National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information 
        Service, $6,000,000 to carry out this subsection.
    (d) Obtaining Future Data.--If an assessment under subsection 
(c)(2)(B) demonstrates the ability of commercial weather data to meet 
data and metadata standards and specifications published under 
subsection (c)(1), the Under Secretary shall--
            (1) where appropriate, cost-effective, and feasible, obtain 
        commercial weather data from private sector providers;
            (2) as early as possible in the acquisition process for any 
        future National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 
        meteorological space system, consider whether there is a 
        suitable, cost-effective, commercial capability available or 
        that will be available to meet any or all of the observational 
        requirements by the planned operational date of the system;
            (3) if a suitable, cost-effective, commercial capability is 
        or will be available as described in paragraph (2), determine 
        whether it is in the national interest to develop a 
        governmental meteorological space system; and
            (4) submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
        Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Science, 
        Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives a report 
        detailing any determination made under paragraphs (2) and (3).
    (e) Data Sharing Practices.--The Under Secretary shall continue to 
meet the international meteorological agreements into which the Under 
Secretary has entered, including practices set forth through World 
Meteorological Organization Resolution 40.

SEC. 303. UNNECESSARY DUPLICATION.

    In meeting the requirements under this title, the Under Secretary 
shall avoid unnecessary duplication between public and private sources 
of data and the corresponding expenditure of funds and employment of 
personnel.

                 TITLE IV--FEDERAL WEATHER COORDINATION

SEC. 401. ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION SERVICES WORKING GROUP.

    (a) Establishment.--The National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
Administration Science Advisory Board shall continue to maintain a 
standing working group named the Environmental Information Services 
Working Group (in this section referred to as the ``Working Group'')--
            (1) to provide advice for prioritizing weather research 
        initiatives at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
        Administration to produce real improvement in weather 
        forecasting;
            (2) to provide advice on existing or emerging technologies 
        or techniques that can be found in private industry or the 
        research community that could be incorporated into forecasting 
        at the National Weather Service to improve forecasting skill;
            (3) to identify opportunities to improve--
                    (A) communications between weather forecasters, 
                Federal, State, local, tribal, and other emergency 
                management personnel, and the public; and
                    (B) communications and partnerships among the 
                National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the 
                private and academic sectors; and
            (4) to address such other matters as the Science Advisory 
        Board requests of the Working Group.
    (b) Composition.--
            (1) In general.--The Working Group shall be composed of 
        leading experts and innovators from all relevant fields of 
        science and engineering including atmospheric chemistry, 
        atmospheric physics, meteorology, hydrology, social science, 
        risk communications, electrical engineering, and computer 
        sciences. In carrying out this section, the Working Group may 
        organize into subpanels.
            (2) Number.--The Working Group shall be composed of no 
        fewer than 15 members. Nominees for the Working Group may be 
        forwarded by the Working Group for approval by the Science 
        Advisory Board. Members of the Working Group may choose a chair 
        (or co-chairs) from among their number with approval by the 
        Science Advisory Board.
    (c) Annual Report.--Not less frequently than once each year, the 
Working Group shall transmit to the Science Advisory Board for 
submission to the Under Secretary a report on progress made by National 
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in adopting the Working Group's 
recommendations. The Science Advisory Board shall transmit this report 
to the Under Secretary. Within 30 days of receipt of such report, the 
Under Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and 
Technology of the House of Representatives a copy of such report.

SEC. 402. INTERAGENCY WEATHER RESEARCH AND FORECAST INNOVATION 
              COORDINATION.

    (a) Establishment.--The Director of the Office of Science and 
Technology Policy shall establish an Interagency Committee for 
Advancing Weather Services to improve coordination of relevant weather 
research and forecast innovation activities across the Federal 
Government. The Interagency Committee shall--
            (1) include participation by the National Aeronautics and 
        Space Administration, the Federal Aviation Administration, 
        National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and its 
        constituent elements, the National Science Foundation, and such 
        other agencies involved in weather forecasting research as the 
        President determines are appropriate;
            (2) identify and prioritize top forecast needs and 
        coordinate those needs against budget requests and program 
        initiatives across participating offices and agencies; and
            (3) share information regarding operational needs and 
        forecasting improvements across relevant agencies.
    (b) Co-chair.--The Federal Coordinator for Meteorology shall serve 
as a co-chair of this panel.
    (c) Further Coordination.--The Director of the Office of Science 
and Technology Policy shall take such other steps as are necessary to 
coordinate the activities of the Federal Government with those of the 
United States weather industry, State governments, emergency managers, 
and academic researchers.

SEC. 403. OFFICE OF OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH AND NATIONAL 
              WEATHER SERVICE EXCHANGE PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--The Assistant Administrator for Oceanic and 
Atmospheric Research and the Director of National Weather Service may 
establish a program to detail Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric 
Research personnel to the National Weather Service and National Weather 
Service personnel to the Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research.
    (b) Goal.--The goal of this program is to enhance forecasting 
innovation through regular, direct interaction between the Office of 
Oceanic and Atmospheric Research's world-class scientists and the 
National Weather Service's operational staff.
    (c) Elements.--The program shall allow up to 10 Office of Oceanic 
and Atmospheric Research staff and National Weather Service staff to 
spend up to 1 year on detail. Candidates shall be jointly selected by 
the Assistant Administrator for Oceanic and Atmospheric Research and 
the Director of the National Weather Service.
    (d) Annual Report.--Not less frequently than once each year, the 
Under Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and 
Technology of the House of Representatives a report on participation in 
such program and shall highlight any innovations that come from this 
interaction.

SEC. 404. VISITING FELLOWS AT NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE.

    (a) In General.--The Director of the National Weather Service may 
establish a program to host postdoctoral fellows and academic 
researchers at any of the National Centers for Environmental 
Prediction.
    (b) Goal.--This program shall be designed to provide direct 
interaction between forecasters and talented academic and private 
sector researchers in an effort to bring innovation to forecasting 
tools and techniques to the National Weather Service.
    (c) Selection and Appointment.--Such fellows shall be competitively 
selected and appointed for a term not to exceed 1 year.

SEC. 405. WARNING COORDINATION METEOROLOGISTS AT WEATHER FORECAST 
              OFFICES OF NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE.

    (a) Designation of Warning Coordination Meteorologists.--
            (1) In general.--The Director of the National Weather 
        Service shall designate at least 1 warning coordination 
        meteorologist at each weather forecast office of the National 
        Weather Service.
            (2) No additional employees authorized.--Nothing in this 
        section shall be construed to authorize or require a change in 
        the authorized number of full time equivalent employees in the 
        National Weather Service or otherwise result in the employment 
        of any additional employees.
            (3) Performance by other employees.--Performance of the 
        responsibilities outlined in this section is not limited to the 
        warning coordination meteorologist position.
    (b) Primary Role of Warning Coordination Meteorologists.--The 
primary role of the warning coordination meteorologist shall be to 
carry out the responsibilities required by this section.
    (c) Responsibilities.--
            (1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), consistent with 
        the analysis described in section 409, and in order to increase 
        impact-based decision support services, each warning 
        coordination meteorologist designated under subsection (a) 
        shall--
                    (A) be responsible for providing service to the 
                geographic area of responsibility covered by the 
                weather forecast office at which the warning 
                coordination meteorologist is employed to help ensure 
                that users of products of the National Weather Service 
                can respond effectively to improve outcomes from 
                weather events;
                    (B) liaise with users of products and services of 
                the National Weather Service, such as the public, media 
                outlets, users in the aviation, marine, and 
                agricultural communities, and forestry, land, and water 
                management interests, to evaluate the adequacy and 
                usefulness of the products and services of the National 
                Weather Service;
                    (C) collaborate with such weather forecast offices 
                and State, local, and tribal government agencies as the 
                Director considers appropriate in developing, 
                proposing, and implementing plans to develop, modify, 
                or tailor products and services of the National Weather 
                Service to improve the usefulness of such products and 
                services;
                    (D) ensure the maintenance and accuracy of severe 
                weather call lists, appropriate office severe weather 
                policy or procedures, and other severe weather or 
                dissemination methodologies or strategies; and
                    (E) work closely with State, local, and tribal 
                emergency management agencies, and other agencies 
                related to disaster management, to ensure a planned, 
                coordinated, and effective preparedness and response 
                effort.
            (2) Other staff.--The Director may assign a responsibility 
        set forth in paragraph (1) to such other staff as the Director 
        considers appropriate to carry out such responsibility.
    (d) Additional Responsibilities.--
            (1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), a warning 
        coordination meteorologist designated under subsection (a) 
        may--
                    (A) work with a State agency to develop plans for 
                promoting more effective use of products and services 
                of the National Weather Service throughout the State;
                    (B) identify priority community preparedness 
                objectives;
                    (C) develop plans to meet the objectives identified 
                under paragraph (2); and
                    (D) conduct severe weather event preparedness 
                planning and citizen education efforts with and through 
                various State, local, and tribal government agencies 
                and other disaster management-related organizations.
            (2) Other staff.--The Director may assign a responsibility 
        set forth in paragraph (1) to such other staff as the Director 
        considers appropriate to carry out such responsibility.
    (e) Placement With State and Local Emergency Managers.--
            (1) In general.--In carrying out this section, the Director 
        of the National Weather Service may place a warning 
        coordination meteorologist designated under subsection (a) with 
        a State or local emergency manager if the Director considers 
        doing so is necessary or convenient to carry out this section.
            (2) Treatment.--If the Director determines that the 
        placement of a warning coordination meteorologist placed with a 
        State or local emergency manager under paragraph (1) is near a 
        weather forecast office of the National Weather Service, such 
        placement shall be treated as designation of the warning 
        coordination meteorologist at such weather forecast office for 
        purposes of subsection (a).

SEC. 406. IMPROVING NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION 
              COMMUNICATION OF HAZARDOUS WEATHER AND WATER EVENTS.

    (a) Purpose of System.--For purposes of the assessment required by 
subsection (b)(1)(A), the purpose of National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
Administration system for issuing watches and warnings regarding 
hazardous weather and water events shall be risk communication to the 
general public that informs action to prevent loss of life and 
property.
    (b) Assessment of System.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the date of 
        the enactment of this Act, the Under Secretary shall--
                    (A) assess the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
                Administration system for issuing watches and warnings 
                regarding hazardous weather and water events; and
                    (B) submit to Congress a report on the findings of 
                the Under Secretary with respect to the assessment 
                conducted under subparagraph (A).
            (2) Elements.--The assessment required by paragraph (1)(A) 
        shall include the following:
                    (A) An evaluation of whether the National Oceanic 
                and Atmospheric Administration system for issuing 
                watches and warnings regarding hazardous weather and 
                water events meets the purpose described in subsection 
                (a).
                    (B) Development of recommendations for--
                            (i) legislative and administrative action 
                        to improve the system described in paragraph 
                        (1)(A); and
                            (ii) such research as the Under Secretary 
                        considers necessary to address the focus areas 
                        described in paragraph (3).
            (3) Focus areas.--The assessment required by paragraph 
        (1)(A) shall focus on the following:
                    (A) Ways to communicate the risks posed by 
                hazardous weather or water events to the public that 
                are most likely to result in action to mitigate the 
                risk.
                    (B) Ways to communicate the risks posed by 
                hazardous weather or water events to the public as 
                broadly and rapidly as practicable.
                    (C) Ways to preserve the benefits of the existing 
                watches and warnings system.
                    (D) Ways to maintain the utility of the watches and 
                warnings system for Government and commercial users of 
                the system.
            (4) Consultation.--In conducting the assessment required by 
        paragraph (1)(A), the Under Secretary shall--
                    (A) consult with such line offices within the 
                National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration as the 
                Under Secretary considers relevant, including the the 
                National Ocean Service, the National Weather Service, 
                and the Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research;
                    (B) consult with individuals in the academic 
                sector, including individuals in the field of social 
                and behavioral sciences, and other weather services;
                    (C) consult with media outlets that will be 
                distributing the watches and warnings;
                    (D) consult with non-Federal forecasters that 
                produce alternate severe weather risk communication 
                products;
                    (E) consult with emergency planners and responders, 
                including State and local emergency management 
                agencies, and other government users of the watches and 
                warnings system, including the Federal Emergency 
                Management Agency, the Office of Personnel Management, 
                the Coast Guard, and such other Federal agencies as the 
                Under Secretary determines rely on watches and warnings 
                for operational decisions; and
                    (F) make use of the services of the National 
                Academy of Sciences, as the Under Secretary considers 
                necessary and practicable, including contracting with 
                the National Research Council to review the scientific 
                and technical soundness of the assessment required by 
                paragraph (1)(A), including the recommendations 
                developed under paragraph (2)(B).
            (5) Methodologies.--In conducting the assessment required 
        by paragraph (1)(A), the Under Secretary shall use such 
        methodologies as the Under Secretary considers are generally 
        accepted by the weather enterprise, including social and 
        behavioral sciences.
    (c) Improvements to System.--
            (1) In general.--The Under Secretary shall, based on the 
        assessment required by subsection (b)(1)(A), make such 
        recommendations to Congress to improve the system as the Under 
        Secretary considers necessary--
                    (A) to improve the system for issuing watches and 
                warnings regarding hazardous weather and water events; 
                and
                    (B) to support efforts to satisfy research needs to 
                enable future improvements to such system.
            (2) Requirements regarding recommendations.--In carrying 
        out paragraph (1)(A), the Under Secretary shall ensure that any 
        recommendation that the Under Secretary considers a major 
        change--
                    (A) is validated by social and behavioral science 
                using a generalizable sample;
                    (B) accounts for the needs of various demographics, 
                vulnerable populations, and geographic regions;
                    (C) accounts for the differences between types of 
                weather and water hazards;
                    (D) responds to the needs of Federal, State, and 
                local government partners and media partners; and
                    (E) accounts for necessary changes to Federally-
                operated watch and warning propagation and 
                dissemination infrastructure and protocols.
    (d) Watches and Warnings Defined.--
            (1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), in 
        this section, the terms ``watch'' and ``warning'', with respect 
        to a hazardous weather and water event, mean products issued by 
        the Administration, intended for consumption by the general 
        public, to alert the general public to the potential for or 
        presence of the event and to inform action to prevent loss of 
        life and property.
            (2) Exception.--ln this section, the terms ``watch'' and 
        ``warning'' do not include technical or specialized 
        meteorological and hydrological forecasts, outlooks, or model 
        guidance products.

SEC. 407. NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION WEATHER READY 
              ALL HAZARDS AWARD PROGRAM.

    (a) Program.--The Director of the National Weather Service is 
authorized to establish the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
Administration Weather Ready All Hazards Award Program. This award 
program shall provide annual awards to honor individuals or 
organizations that use or provide National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
Administration Weather Radio All Hazards receivers or transmitters to 
save lives and protect property. Individuals or organizations that 
utilize other early warning tools or applications also qualify for this 
award.
    (b) Goal.--This award program draws attention to the life-saving 
work of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Weather 
Ready All Hazards Program, as well as emerging tools and applications, 
that provide real-time warning to individuals and communities of severe 
weather or other hazardous conditions.
    (c) Program Elements.--
            (1) Nominations.--Nominations for this award shall be made 
        annually by the Weather Field Offices to the Director of the 
        National Weather Service. Broadcast meteorologists, weather 
        radio manufacturers and weather warning tool and application 
        developers, emergency managers, and public safety officials may 
        nominate individuals or organizations to their local Weather 
        Field Offices, but the final list of award nominees must come 
        from the Weather Field Offices.
            (2) Selection of awardees.--Annually, the Director of the 
        National Weather Service shall choose winners of this award 
        whose timely actions, based on National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
        Administration Weather Radio All Hazards receivers or 
        transmitters or other early warning tools and applications, 
        saved lives or property, or demonstrated public service in 
        support of weather or all hazard warnings.
            (3) Award ceremony.--The Director of the National Weather 
        Service shall establish a means of making these awards to 
        provide maximum public awareness of the importance of National 
        Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Weather Radio, and such 
        other warning tools and applications as are represented in the 
        awards.

SEC. 408. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE WEATHER FORECASTING ACTIVITIES.

    Not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, 
the Under Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, 
and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, 
and Technology of the House of Representatives a report analyzing the 
impacts of the proposed Air Force divestiture in the United States 
Weather Research and Forecasting Model, including--
            (1) the impact on--
                    (A) the United States weather forecasting 
                capabilities;
                    (B) the accuracy of civilian regional forecasts;
                    (C) the civilian readiness for traditional weather 
                and extreme weather events in the United States; and
                    (D) the research necessary to develop the United 
                States Weather Research and Forecasting Model; and
            (2) such other analysis relating to the divestiture as the 
        Under Secretary considers appropriate.

SEC. 409. NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE; OPERATIONS AND WORKFORCE ANALYSIS.

    The Under Secretary shall contract or continue to partner with an 
external organization to conduct a baseline analysis of National 
Weather Service operations and workforce.

SEC. 410. WATER RESOURCES.

    (a) National Water Center.--
            (1) Establishment.--The Under Secretary shall maintain a 
        National Water Center.
            (2) Functions.--The National Water Center may--
                    (A) facilitate collaboration across Federal and 
                State departments and agencies, academia, and the 
                private sector to improve understanding of water 
                resources;
                    (B) make recommendations to water resource 
                managers;
                    (C) make recommendations to improve water resource 
                forecasts; and
                    (D) facilitate the transition of water research 
                into applications.
    (b) Total Water Prediction.--The Under Secretary, through the 
National Water Center, shall--
            (1) initiate research and development activities to develop 
        operational water resource prediction products;
            (2) collaborate with, and provide decision support 
        regarding total water prediction to, other relevant Federal and 
        State agencies, including--
                    (A) the Army Corps of Engineers;
                    (B) the United States Geological Survey;
                    (C) the Federal Emergency Management Agency;
                    (D) the National Science Foundation;
                    (E) the Environmental Protection Agency;
                    (F) State water resource agencies; and
                    (G) State emergency management agencies; and
            (3) in carrying out the responsibilities described in 
        paragraphs (1) and (2), develop capabilities necessary for 
        total water predictive capacity, including observations, 
        modeling, data management, supercomputing, social science, and 
        communications.
    (c) Report.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 3 years after the date of 
        the enactment of this Act, the National Water Center shall 
        submit to the Assistant Secretary of the Army for Civil Works a 
        report on total water predictive capabilities and products.
            (2) Contents.--The report may include recommendations to 
        improve engineering, design, operations, and management of 
        civil works projects, including the Central and Southern 
        Florida Project and any project in the Apalachicola-
        Chattahoochee-Flint River System, to optimize water management, 
        including the implications of total water predictive products 
        for--
                    (A) environmental protection and restoration, 
                including restoration of water quality, water flows, 
                fish, and other aquatic species;
                    (B) reduced flood risk; and
                    (C) improved recreation.

SEC. 411. REPORT ON CONTRACT POSITIONS AT NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE.

    (a) Report Required.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Under Secretary shall submit to Congress a 
report on the use of contractors at the National Weather Service for 
the most recently completed fiscal year.
    (b) Contents.--The report required by subsection (a) shall include, 
with respect to the most recently completed fiscal year, the following:
            (1) The total number of full-time equivalent employees at 
        the National Weather Service, disaggregated by each equivalent 
        level of the General Schedule.
            (2) The total number of full-time equivalent contractors at 
        the National Weather Service, disaggregated by each equivalent 
        level of the General Schedule that most closely approximates 
        their duties.
            (3) The total number of vacant positions at the National 
        Weather Service on the day before the date of enactment of this 
        Act, disaggregated by each equivalent level of the General 
        Schedule.
            (4) The 5 most common positions filled by full-time 
        equivalent contractors at the National Weather Service and the 
        equivalent level of the General Schedule that most closely 
        approximates the duties of such positions.
            (5) Of the positions identified under paragraph (4), the 
        percentage of full-time equivalent contractors in those 
        positions that have held a prior position at the National 
        Weather Service or another entity in National Oceanic and 
        Atmospheric Administration.
            (6) The average full-time equivalent salary for Federal 
        employees at the National Weather Service for each equivalent 
        level of the General Schedule.
            (7) The average salary for full-time equivalent contractors 
        performing at each equivalent level of the General Schedule at 
        the National Weather Service.
            (8) A description of any actions taken by the Under 
        Secretary to respond to the issues raised by the Inspector 
        General of the Department of Commerce regarding the hiring of 
        former National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 
        employees as contractors at the National Weather Service such 
        as the issues raised in the Investigative Report dated June 2, 
        2015 (OIG-12-0447).
    (c) Annual Publication.--For each fiscal year after the fiscal year 
covered by the report required by subsection (a), the Under Secretary 
shall, not later than 180 days after the completion of the fiscal year, 
publish on a publicly accessible Internet website the information 
described in paragraphs (1) through (8) of subsection (b) for such 
fiscal year.

SEC. 412. WEATHER IMPACTS TO COMMUNITIES AND INFRASTRUCTURE.

    (a) Review.--
            (1) In general.--The Director of the National Weather 
        Service shall review existing research, products, and services 
        that meet the specific needs of the urban environment, given 
        its unique physical characteristics and forecasting challenges.
            (2) Elements.--The review required by paragraph (1) shall 
        include research, products, and services with the potential to 
        improve modeling and forecasting capabilities, taking into 
        account factors including varying building heights, impermeable 
        surfaces, lack of tree canopy, traffic, pollution, and inter-
        building wind effects.
    (b) Report and Assessment.--Upon completion of the review required 
by subsection (a), the Under Secretary shall submit to Congress a 
report on the research, products, and services of the National Weather 
Service, including an assessment of such research, products, and 
services that is based on the review, public comment, and recent 
publications by the National Academy of Sciences.

SEC. 413. WEATHER ENTERPRISE OUTREACH.

    (a) In General.--The Under Secretary may establish mechanisms for 
outreach to the weather enterprise--
            (1) to assess the weather forecasts and forecast products 
        provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
        Administration; and
            (2) to determine the highest priority weather forecast 
        needs of the community described in subsection (b).
    (b) Outreach Community.--In conducting outreach under subsection 
(a), the Under Secretary shall contact leading experts and innovators 
from relevant stakeholders, including the representatives from the 
following:
            (1) State or local emergency management agencies.
            (2) State agriculture agencies.
            (3) Indian tribes (as defined in section 4 of the Indian 
        Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 
        5304)) and Native Hawaiians (as defined in section 6207 of the 
        Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
        7517)).
            (4) The private aerospace industry.
            (5) The private earth observing industry.
            (6) The operational forecasting community.
            (7) The academic community.
            (8) Professional societies that focus on meteorology.
            (9) Such other stakeholder groups as the Under Secretary 
        considers appropriate.

     TITLE V--TSUNAMI WARNING, EDUCATION, AND RESEARCH ACT OF 2016

SEC. 501. SHORT TITLE.

    This title may be cited as the ``Tsunami Warning, Education, and 
Research Act of 2016''.

SEC. 502. REFERENCES TO THE TSUNAMI WARNING AND EDUCATION ACT.

    Except as otherwise expressly provided, whenever in this title an 
amendment or repeal is expressed in terms of an amendment to, or repeal 
of, a section or other provision, the reference shall be considered to 
be made to a section or other provision of the Tsunami Warning and 
Education Act (Public Law 109-424; 33 U.S.C. 3201 et seq.).

SEC. 503. EXPANSION OF PURPOSES OF TSUNAMI WARNING AND EDUCATION ACT.

    Section 3 (33 U.S.C. 3202) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by inserting ``research,'' after 
        ``warnings,'';
            (2) by amending paragraph (2) to read as follows:
            ``(2) to enhance and modernize the existing United States 
        Tsunami Warning System to increase the accuracy of forecasts 
        and warnings, to ensure full coverage of tsunami threats to the 
        United States with a network of detection assets, and to reduce 
        false alarms;'';
            (3) by amending paragraph (3) to read as follows:
            ``(3) to improve and develop standards and guidelines for 
        mapping, modeling, and assessment efforts to improve tsunami 
        detection, forecasting, warnings, notification, mitigation, 
        resiliency, response, outreach, and recovery;'';
            (4) by redesignating paragraphs (4), (5), and (6) as 
        paragraphs (5), (6), and (8), respectively;
            (5) by inserting after paragraph (3) the following:
            ``(4) to improve research efforts related to improving 
        tsunami detection, forecasting, warnings, notification, 
        mitigation, resiliency, response, outreach, and recovery;'';
            (6) in paragraph (5), as redesignated--
                    (A) by striking ``and increase'' and inserting ``, 
                increase, and develop uniform standards and guidelines 
                for''; and
                    (B) by inserting ``, including the warning signs of 
                locally generated tsunami'' after ``approaching'';
            (7) in paragraph (6), as redesignated, by striking ``, 
        including the Indian Ocean; and'' and inserting a semicolon; 
        and
            (8) by inserting after paragraph (6), as redesignated, the 
        following:
            ``(7) to foster resilient communities in the face of 
        tsunami and other similar coastal hazards; and''.

SEC. 504. MODIFICATION OF TSUNAMI FORECASTING AND WARNING PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--Subsection (a) of section 4 (33 U.S.C. 3203(a)) is 
amended by striking ``Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and Gulf of Mexico 
region'' and inserting ``Atlantic Ocean region, including the Caribbean 
Sea and the Gulf of Mexico''.
    (b) Components.--Subsection (b) of section 4 (33 U.S.C. 3203(b)) is 
amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``established'' and 
        inserting ``supported or maintained'';
            (2) by redesignating paragraphs (7) through (9) as 
        paragraphs (8) through (10), respectively;
            (3) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (6) as 
        paragraphs (3) through (7), respectively;
            (4) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
            ``(2) to the degree practicable, maintain not less than 80 
        percent of the Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis 
        buoy array at operational capacity to optimize data 
        reliability;''.
            (5) by amending paragraph (5), as redesignated by paragraph 
        (3), to read as follows:
            ``(5) provide tsunami forecasting capability based on 
        models and measurements, including tsunami inundation models 
        and maps for use in increasing the preparedness of communities 
        and safeguarding port and harbor operations, that incorporate 
        inputs, including--
                    ``(A) the United States and global ocean and 
                coastal observing system;
                    ``(B) the global Earth observing system;
                    ``(C) the global seismic network;
                    ``(D) the Advanced National Seismic system;
                    ``(E) tsunami model validation using historical and 
                paleotsunami data;
                    ``(F) digital elevation models and bathymetry; and
                    ``(G) newly developing tsunami detection 
                methodologies using satellites and airborne remote 
                sensing;'';
            (6) by amending paragraph (7), as redesignated by paragraph 
        (3), to read as follows:
            ``(7) include a cooperative effort among the 
        Administration, the United States Geological Survey, and the 
        National Science Foundation under which the Director of the 
        United States Geological Survey and the Director of the 
        National Science Foundation shall--
                    ``(A) provide rapid and reliable seismic 
                information to the Administrator from international and 
                domestic seismic networks; and
                    ``(B) support seismic stations installed before the 
                date of the enactment of the Tsunami Warning, 
                Education, and Research Act of 2016 to supplement 
                coverage in areas of sparse instrumentation;'';
            (7) in paragraph (8), as redesignated by paragraph (2)--
                    (A) by inserting ``, including graphical warning 
                products,'' after ``warnings'';
                    (B) by inserting ``, territories,'' after 
                ``States''; and
                    (C) by inserting ``and Wireless Emergency Alerts'' 
                after ``Hazards Program''; and
            (8) in paragraph (9), as redesignated by paragraph (2)--
                    (A) by inserting ``provide and'' before ``allow''; 
                and
                    (B) by inserting ``and commercial and Federal 
                undersea communications cables'' after ``observing 
                technologies''.
    (c) Tsunami Warning System.--Subsection (c) of section 4 (33 U.S.C. 
3203(c)) is amended to read as follows:
    ``(c) Tsunami Warning System.--The program under this section shall 
operate a tsunami warning system that--
            ``(1) is capable of forecasting tsunami, including 
        forecasting tsunami arrival time and inundation estimates, 
        anywhere in the Pacific and Arctic Ocean regions and providing 
        adequate warnings;
            ``(2) is capable of forecasting and providing adequate 
        warnings, including tsunami arrival time and inundation models 
        where applicable, in areas of the Atlantic Ocean, including the 
        Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico, that are determined--
                    ``(A) to be geologically active, or to have 
                significant potential for geological activity; and
                    ``(B) to pose significant risks of tsunami for 
                States along the coastal areas of the Atlantic Ocean, 
                Caribbean Sea, or Gulf of Mexico; and
            ``(3) supports other international tsunami forecasting and 
        warning efforts.''.
    (d) Tsunami Warning Centers.--Subsection (d) of section 4 (33 
U.S.C. 3203(d)) is amended to read as follows:
    ``(d) Tsunami Warning Centers.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Administrator shall support or 
        maintain centers to support the tsunami warning system required 
        by subsection (c). The Centers shall include--
                    ``(A) the National Tsunami Warning Center, located 
                in Alaska, which is primarily responsible for Alaska 
                and the continental United States;
                    ``(B) the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center, located 
                in Hawaii, which is primarily responsible for Hawaii, 
                the Caribbean, and other areas of the Pacific not 
                covered by the National Center; and
                    ``(C) any additional forecast and warning centers 
                determined by the National Weather Service to be 
                necessary.
            ``(2) Responsibilities.--The responsibilities of the 
        centers supported or maintained under paragraph (1) shall 
        include the following:
                    ``(A) Continuously monitoring data from 
                seismological, deep ocean, coastal sea level, and tidal 
                monitoring stations and other data sources as may be 
                developed and deployed.
                    ``(B) Evaluating earthquakes, landslides, and 
                volcanic eruptions that have the potential to generate 
                tsunami.
                    ``(C) Evaluating deep ocean buoy data and tidal 
                monitoring stations for indications of tsunami 
                resulting from earthquakes and other sources.
                    ``(D) To the extent practicable, utilizing a range 
                of models, including ensemble models, to predict 
                tsunami, including arrival times, flooding estimates, 
                coastal and harbor currents, and duration.
                    ``(E) Using data from the Integrated Ocean 
                Observing System of the Administration in coordination 
                with regional associations to calculate new inundation 
                estimates and periodically update existing inundation 
                estimates.
                    ``(F) Disseminating forecasts and tsunami warning 
                bulletins to Federal, State, tribal, and local 
                government officials and the public.
                    ``(G) Coordinating with the tsunami hazard 
                mitigation program conducted under section 5 to ensure 
                ongoing sharing of information between forecasters and 
                emergency management officials.
                    ``(H) In coordination with the Coast Guard, 
                evaluating and recommending procedures for ports and 
                harbors at risk of tsunami inundation, including review 
                of readiness, response, and communication strategies, 
                and data sharing policies, to the maximum extent 
                practicable.
                    ``(I) Making data gathered under this Act and post-
                warning analyses conducted by the National Weather 
                Service or other relevant Administration offices 
                available to the public.
                    ``(J) Integrating and modernizing the program 
                operated under this section with advances in tsunami 
                science to improve performance without compromising 
                service.
            ``(3) Fail-safe warning capability.--The tsunami warning 
        centers supported or maintained under paragraph (1) shall 
        maintain a fail-safe warning capability and perform back-up 
        duties for each other.
            ``(4) Coordination with national weather service.--The 
        Administrator shall coordinate with the forecast offices of the 
        National Weather Service, the centers supported or maintained 
        under paragraph (1), and such program offices of the 
        Administration as the Administrator or the coordinating 
        committee, as established in section 5(d), consider appropriate 
        to ensure that regional and local forecast offices--
                    ``(A) have the technical knowledge and capability 
                to disseminate tsunami warnings for the communities 
                they serve;
                    ``(B) leverage connections with local emergency 
                management officials for optimally disseminating 
                tsunami warnings and forecasts; and
                    ``(C) implement mass communication tools in effect 
                on the day before the date of the enactment of the 
                Tsunami Warning, Education, and Research Act of 2016 
                used by the National Weather Service on such date and 
                newer mass communication technologies as they are 
                developed as a part of the Weather-Ready Nation program 
                of the Administration, or otherwise, for the purpose of 
                timely and effective delivery of tsunami warnings.
            ``(5) Uniform operating procedures.--The Administrator 
        shall--
                    ``(A) develop uniform operational procedures for 
                the centers supported or maintained under paragraph 
                (1), including the use of software applications, 
                checklists, decision support tools, and tsunami warning 
                products that have been standardized across the program 
                supported under this section;
                    ``(B) ensure that processes and products of the 
                warning system operated under subsection (c)--
                            ``(i) reflect industry best practices when 
                        practicable;
                            ``(ii) conform to the maximum extent 
                        practicable with internationally recognized 
                        standards for information technology; and
                            ``(iii) conform to the maximum extent 
                        practicable with other warning products and 
                        practices of the National Weather Service;
                    ``(C) ensure that future adjustments to operational 
                protocols, processes, and warning products--
                            ``(i) are made consistently across the 
                        warning system operated under subsection (c); 
                        and
                            ``(ii) are applied in a uniform manner 
                        across such warning system;
                    ``(D) establish a systematic method for information 
                technology product development to improve long-term 
                technology planning efforts; and
                    ``(E) disseminate guidelines and metrics for 
                evaluating and improving tsunami forecast models.
            ``(6) Available resources.--The Administrator, through the 
        National Weather Service, shall ensure that resources are 
        available to fulfill the obligations of this Act. This includes 
        ensuring supercomputing resources are available to run, as 
        rapidly as possible, such computer models as are needed for 
        purposes of the tsunami warning system operated under 
        subsection (c).''.
    (e) Transfer of Technology; Maintenance and Upgrades.--Subsection 
(e) of section 4 (33 U.S.C. 3203(e)) is amended to read as follows:
    ``(e) Transfer of Technology; Maintenance and Upgrades.--In 
carrying out this section, the Administrator shall--
            ``(1) develop requirements for the equipment used to 
        forecast tsunami, including--
                    ``(A) provisions for multipurpose detection 
                platforms;
                    ``(B) reliability and performance metrics; and
                    ``(C) to the maximum extent practicable, 
                requirements for the integration of equipment with 
                other United States and global ocean and coastal 
                observation systems, the global Earth observing system 
                of systems, the global seismic networks, and the 
                Advanced National Seismic System;
            ``(2) develop and execute a plan for the transfer of 
        technology from ongoing research conducted as part of the 
        program supported or maintained under section 6 into the 
        program under this section; and
            ``(3) ensure that the Administration's operational tsunami 
        detection equipment is properly maintained.''.
    (f) Federal Cooperation.--Subsection (f) of section 4 (33 U.S.C. 
3203(f)) is amended to read as follows:
    ``(f) Federal Cooperation.--When deploying and maintaining tsunami 
detection technologies under the program under this section, the 
Administrator shall--
            ``(1) identify which assets of other Federal agencies are 
        necessary to support such program; and
            ``(2) work with each agency identified under paragraph 
        (1)--
                    ``(A) to acquire the agency's assistance; and
                    ``(B) to prioritize the necessary assets in support 
                of the tsunami forecast and warning program.''.
    (g) Unnecessary Provisions.--Section 4 (33 U.S.C. 3203) is further 
amended--
            (1) by striking subsection (g);
            (2) by striking subsections (i) through (k); and
            (3) by redesignating subsection (h) as subsection (g).
    (h) Congressional Notifications.--Subsection (g) of section 4 (33 
U.S.C. 3203(g)), as redesignated by subsection (g)(3), is amended--
            (1) by redesignating paragraphs (1) and (2) as 
        subparagraphs (A) and (B), respectively, and moving such 
        subparagraphs 2 ems to the right;
            (2) in the matter before subparagraph (A), as redesignated 
        by paragraph (2), by striking ``The Administrator'' and 
        inserting the following:
            ``(1) In general.--The Administrator'';
            (3) in paragraph (1), as redesignated by paragraph (3)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A), as redesignated by 
                paragraph (2), by striking ``and'' at the end;
                    (B) in subparagraph (B), as redesignated by 
                paragraph (2), by striking the period at the end and 
                inserting ``; and''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(C) the occurrence of a significant tsunami 
                warning.''; and
            (4) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) Contents.--In a case in which notice is submitted 
        under paragraph (1) within 30 days of a significant tsunami 
        warning described in subparagraph (C) of such paragraph, such 
        notice shall include, as appropriate, brief information and 
        analysis of--
                    ``(A) the accuracy of the tsunami model used;
                    ``(B) the specific deep ocean or other monitoring 
                equipment that detected the incident, as well as the 
                deep ocean or other monitoring equipment that did not 
                detect the incident due to malfunction or other 
                reasons;
                    ``(C) the effectiveness of the warning 
                communication, including the dissemination of warnings 
                with State, territory, local, and tribal partners in 
                the affected area under the jurisdiction of the 
                National Weather Service; and
                    ``(D) such other findings as the Administrator 
                considers appropriate.''.

SEC. 505. MODIFICATION OF NATIONAL TSUNAMI HAZARD MITIGATION PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--Section 5(a) (33 U.S.C. 3204(a)) is amended to 
read as follows:
    ``(a) Program Required.--The Administrator, in coordination with 
the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency and the 
heads of such other agencies as the Administrator considers relevant, 
shall conduct a community-based tsunami hazard mitigation program to 
improve tsunami preparedness and resiliency of at-risk areas in the 
United States and the territories of the United States.''.
    (b) National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program.--Section 5 (33 
U.S.C. 3204) is amended by striking subsections (c) and (d) and 
inserting the following:
    ``(c) Program Components.--The Program conducted under subsection 
(a) shall include the following:
            ``(1) Technical and financial assistance to coastal States, 
        territories, tribes, and local governments to develop and 
        implement activities under this section.
            ``(2) Integration of tsunami preparedness and mitigation 
        programs into ongoing State-based hazard warning, resilience 
        planning, and risk management activities, including predisaster 
        planning, emergency response, evacuation planning, disaster 
        recovery, hazard mitigation, and community development and 
        redevelopment planning programs in affected areas.
            ``(3) Activities to promote the adoption of tsunami 
        resilience, preparedness, warning, and mitigation measures by 
        Federal, State, territorial, tribal, and local governments and 
        nongovernmental entities, including educational and risk 
        communication programs to discourage development in high-risk 
        areas.
            ``(4) Activities to support the development of regional 
        tsunami hazard and risk assessments. Such regional risk 
        assessments may include the following:
                    ``(A) The sources, sizes, and other relevant 
                historical data of tsunami in the region, including 
                paleotsunami data.
                    ``(B) Inundation models and maps of critical 
                infrastructure and socioeconomic vulnerability in areas 
                subject to tsunami inundation.
                    ``(C) Maps of evacuation areas and evacuation 
                routes, including, when appropriate, traffic studies 
                that evaluate the viability of evacuation routes.
                    ``(D) Evaluations of the size of populations that 
                will require evacuation, including populations with 
                special evacuation needs.
                    ``(E) Evaluations and technical assistance for 
                vertical evacuation structure planning for communities 
                where models indicate limited or no ability for timely 
                evacuation, especially in areas at risk of near shore 
                generated tsunami.
                    ``(F) Evaluation of at-risk ports and harbors.
                    ``(G) Evaluation of the effect of tsunami currents 
                on the foundations of closely-spaced, coastal high-rise 
                structures.
            ``(5) Activities to promote preparedness in at-risk ports 
        and harbors, including the following:
                    ``(A) Evaluation and recommendation of procedures 
                for ports and harbors in the event of a distant or 
                near-field tsunami.
                    ``(B) A review of readiness, response, and 
                communication strategies to ensure coordination and 
                data sharing with the Coast Guard.
            ``(6) Activities to support the development of community-
        based outreach and education programs to ensure community 
        readiness and resilience, including the following:
                    ``(A) The development, implementation, and 
                assessment of technical training and public education 
                programs, including education programs that address 
                unique characteristics of distant and near-field 
                tsunami.
                    ``(B) The development of decision support tools.
                    ``(C) The incorporation of social science research 
                into community readiness and resilience efforts.
                    ``(D) The development of evidence-based education 
                guidelines.
            ``(7) Dissemination of guidelines and standards for 
        community planning, education, and training products, programs, 
        and tools, including--
                    ``(A) standards for--
                            ``(i) mapping products;
                            ``(ii) inundation models; and
                            ``(iii) effective emergency exercises; and
                    ``(B) recommended guidance for at-risk port and 
                harbor tsunami warning, evacuation, and response 
                procedures in coordination with the Coast Guard.
    ``(d) Authorized Activities.--In addition to activities conducted 
under subsection (c), the program conducted under subsection (a) may 
include the following:
            ``(1) Multidisciplinary vulnerability assessment research, 
        education, and training to help integrate risk management and 
        resilience objectives with community development planning and 
        policies.
            ``(2) Risk management training for local officials and 
        community organizations to enhance understanding and 
        preparedness.
            ``(3) Interagency, Federal, State, tribal, and territorial 
        intergovernmental tsunami response exercise planning and 
        implementation in high risk areas.
            ``(4) Development of practical applications for existing or 
        emerging technologies, such as modeling, remote sensing, 
        geospatial technology, engineering, and observing systems, 
        including the integration of tsunami sensors into Federal and 
        commercial submarine telecommunication cables if practicable.
            ``(5) Risk management, risk assessment, and resilience data 
        and information services, including--
                    ``(A) access to data and products derived from 
                observing and detection systems; and
                    ``(B) development and maintenance of new integrated 
                data products to support risk management, risk 
                assessment, and resilience programs.
            ``(6) Risk notification systems that coordinate with and 
        build upon existing systems and actively engage decisionmakers, 
        State, local, tribal, and territorial governments and agencies, 
        business communities, nongovernmental organizations, and the 
        media.
    ``(e) No Preemption With Respect to Designation of At-risk Areas.--
The establishment of national standards for inundation models under 
this section shall not prevent States, territories, tribes, and local 
governments from designating additional areas as being at risk based on 
knowledge of local conditions.
    ``(f) No New Regulatory Authority.--Nothing in this Act may be 
construed as establishing new regulatory authority for any Federal 
agency.''.
    (c) Report on Accreditation of TsunamiReady Program.--Not later 
than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 
shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation 
of the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of 
the House of Representatives a report on which authorities and 
activities would be needed to have the TsunamiReady program of the 
National Weather Service accredited by the Emergency Management 
Accreditation Program.

SEC. 506. MODIFICATION OF TSUNAMI RESEARCH PROGRAM.

    Section 6 (33 U.S.C. 3205) is amended--
            (1) in the matter before paragraph (1), by striking ``The 
        Administrator shall'' and all that follows through ``establish 
        or maintain'' and inserting the following:
    ``(a) In General.--The Administrator shall, in consultation with 
such other Federal agencies, State, tribal, and territorial 
governments, and academic institutions as the Administrator considers 
appropriate, the coordinating committee under section 5(d), and the 
panel under section 8(a), support or maintain'';
            (2) in subsection (a), as designated by paragraph (1), by 
        striking ``and assessment for tsunami tracking and numerical 
        forecast modeling. Such research program shall--'' and 
        inserting the following: ``assessment for tsunami tracking and 
        numerical forecast modeling, and standards development.
    ``(b) Responsibilities.--The research program supported or 
maintained under subsection (a) shall--''; and
            (3) in subsection (b), as designated by paragraph (2)--
                    (A) by amending paragraph (1) to read as follows:
            ``(1) consider other appropriate and cost effective 
        solutions to mitigate the impact of tsunami, including the 
        improvement of near-field and distant tsunami detection and 
        forecasting capabilities, which may include use of a new 
        generation of the Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of 
        Tsunamis array, integration of tsunami sensors into commercial 
        and Federal telecommunications cables, and other real-time 
        tsunami monitoring systems and supercomputer capacity of the 
        Administration to develop a rapid tsunami forecast for all 
        United States coastlines;'';
                    (B) in paragraph (3)--
                            (i) by striking ``include'' and inserting 
                        ``conduct''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``and'' at the end;
                    (C) by redesignating paragraph (4) as paragraph 
                (5);
                    (D) by inserting after paragraph (3) the following:
            ``(4) develop the technical basis for validation of tsunami 
        maps, numerical tsunami models, digital elevation models, and 
        forecasts; and''; and
                    (E) in paragraph (5), as redesignated by 
                subparagraph (C), by striking ``to the scientific 
                community'' and inserting ``to the public and the 
                scientific community''.

SEC. 507. GLOBAL TSUNAMI WARNING AND MITIGATION NETWORK.

    Section 7 (33 U.S.C. 3206) is amended--
            (1) by amending subsection (a) to read as follows:
    ``(a) Support for Development of an International Tsunami Warning 
System.--The Administrator shall, in coordination with the Secretary of 
State and in consultation with such other agencies as the Administrator 
considers relevant, provide technical assistance, operational support, 
and training to the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of the 
United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, the 
World Meteorological Organization of the United Nations, and such other 
international entities as the Administrator considers appropriate, as 
part of the international efforts to develop a fully functional global 
tsunami forecast and warning system comprised of regional tsunami 
warning networks.'';
            (2) in subsection (b), by striking ``shall'' each place it 
        appears and inserting ``may''; and
            (3) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``establishing'' 
                and inserting ``supporting''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) by striking ``establish'' and inserting 
                        ``support''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``establishing'' and 
                        inserting ``supporting''.

SEC. 508. TSUNAMI SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ADVISORY PANEL.

    (a) In General.--The Act is further amended--
            (1) by redesignating section 8 (33 U.S.C. 3207) as section 
        9; and
            (2) by inserting after section 7 (33 U.S.C. 3206) the 
        following:

``SEC. 8. TSUNAMI SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ADVISORY PANEL.

    ``(a) Designation.--The Administrator shall designate an existing 
working group within the Science Advisory Board of the Administration 
to serve as the Tsunami Science and Technology Advisory Panel to 
provide advice to the Administrator on matters regarding tsunami 
science, technology, and regional preparedness.
    ``(b) Membership.--
            ``(1) Composition.--The Panel shall be composed of no fewer 
        than 7 members selected by the Administrator from among 
        individuals from academia or State agencies who have academic 
        or practical expertise in physical sciences, social sciences, 
        information technology, coastal resilience, emergency 
        management, or such other disciplines as the Administrator 
        considers appropriate.
            ``(2) Federal employment.--No member of the Panel may be a 
        Federal employee.
    ``(c) Responsibilities.--Not less frequently than once every 4 
years, the Panel shall--
            ``(1) review the activities of the Administration, and 
        other Federal activities as appropriate, relating to tsunami 
        research, detection, forecasting, warning, mitigation, 
        resiliency, and preparation; and
            ``(2) submit to the Administrator and such others as the 
        Administrator considers appropriate--
                    ``(A) the findings of the working group with 
                respect to the most recent review conducted under 
                paragraph (1); and
                    ``(B) such recommendations for legislative or 
                administrative action as the working group considers 
                appropriate to improve Federal tsunami research, 
                detection, forecasting, warning, mitigation, 
                resiliency, and preparation.
    ``(d) Reports to Congress.--Not less frequently than once every 4 
years, the Administrator shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, 
Science, and Transportation of the Senate, and the Committee on 
Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives a report 
on the findings and recommendations received by the Administrator under 
subsection (c)(2).''.

SEC. 509. REPORTS.

    (a) Report on Implementation of Tsunami Warning and Education 
Act.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
        the enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the National 
        Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration shall submit to Congress 
        a report on the implementation of the Tsunami Warning and 
        Education Act (33 U.S.C. 3201 et seq.).
            (2) Elements.--The report required by paragraph (1) shall 
        include the following:
                    (A) A detailed description of the progress made in 
                implementing sections 4(d)(6), 5(b)(6), and 6(b)(4) of 
                the Tsunami Warning and Education Act.
                    (B) A description of the ways that tsunami warnings 
                and warning products issued by the Tsunami Forecasting 
                and Warning Program established under section 4 of the 
                Tsunami Warning and Education Act (33 U.S.C. 3203) can 
                be standardized and streamlined with warnings and 
                warning products for hurricanes, coastal storms, and 
                other coastal flooding events.
    (b) Report on National Efforts That Support Rapid Response 
Following Near-shore Tsunami Events.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
        the enactment of this Act, the Administrator and the Secretary 
        of Homeland Security shall jointly, in coordination with the 
        Director of the United States Geological Survey, Administrator 
        of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the Chief of the 
        National Guard Bureau, and the heads of such other Federal 
        agencies as the Administrator considers appropriate, submit to 
        the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the national 
        efforts in effect on the day before the date of the enactment 
        of this Act that support and facilitate rapid emergency 
        response following a domestic near-shore tsunami event to 
        better understand domestic effects of earthquake derived 
        tsunami on people, infrastructure, and communities in the 
        United States.
            (2) Elements.--The report required by paragraph (1) shall 
        include the following:
                    (A) A description of scientific or other 
                measurements collected on the day before the date of 
                the enactment of this Act to quickly identify and 
                quantify lost or degraded infrastructure or terrestrial 
                formations.
                    (B) A description of scientific or other 
                measurements that would be necessary to collect to 
                quickly identify and quantify lost or degraded 
                infrastructure or terrestrial formations.
                    (C) Identification and evaluation of Federal, 
                State, local, tribal, territorial, and military first 
                responder and search and rescue operation centers, 
                bases, and other facilities as well as other critical 
                response assets and infrastructure, including search 
                and rescue aircraft, located within near-shore and 
                distant tsunami inundation areas on the day before the 
                date of the enactment of this Act.
                    (D) An evaluation of near-shore tsunami response 
                plans in areas described in subparagraph (C) in effect 
                on the day before the date of the enactment of this 
                Act, and how those response plans would be affected by 
                the loss of search and rescue and first responder 
                infrastructure described in such subparagraph.
                    (E) A description of redevelopment plans and 
                reports in effect on the day before the date of the 
                enactment of this Act for communities in areas that are 
                at high-risk for near-shore tsunami, as well 
                identification of States or communities that do not 
                have redevelopment plans.
                    (F) Recommendations to enhance near-shore tsunami 
                preparedness and response plans, including recommended 
                responder exercises, predisaster planning, and 
                mitigation needs.
                    (G) Such other data and analysis information as the 
                Administrator and the Secretary of Homeland Security 
                consider appropriate.
            (3) Appropriate committees of congress.--In this 
        subsection, the term ``appropriate committees of Congress'' 
        means--
                    (A) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
                Transportation and the Committee on Homeland Security 
                and Governmental Affairs of the Senate; and
                    (B) the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology 
                and the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of 
                Representatives.

SEC. 510. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    Section 9 of the Act, as redesignated by section 8(a)(1) of this 
Act, is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (4)(B), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (2) in paragraph (5)(B), by striking the period at the end 
        and inserting ``; and''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(6) $25,800,000 for each of fiscal years 2016 through 
        2021, of which--
                    ``(A) not less than 27 percent of the amount 
                appropriated for each fiscal year shall be for 
                activities conducted at the State level under the 
                tsunami hazard mitigation program under section 5; and
                    ``(B) not less than 8 percent of the amount 
                appropriated shall be for the tsunami research program 
                under section 6.''.

SEC. 511. OUTREACH RESPONSIBILITIES.

    The Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
Administration, in coordination with State and local emergency 
managers, shall develop and carry out formal outreach activities to 
improve tsunami education and awareness and foster the development of 
resilient communities. Outreach activities may include--
            (1) the development of outreach plans to ensure the close 
        integration of tsunami warning centers supported or maintained 
        under section 4(d) of the Tsunami Warning and Education Act (33 
        U.S.C. 3203(d)) with local Weather Forecast Offices of the 
        National Weather Service and emergency managers;
            (2) working with appropriate local Weather Forecast Offices 
        to ensure they have the technical knowledge and capability to 
        disseminate tsunami warnings to the communities they serve; and
            (3) evaluating the effectiveness of warnings and of 
        coordination with local Weather Forecast Offices after 
        significant tsunami events.

SEC. 512. REPEAL OF DUPLICATE PROVISIONS OF LAW.

    (a) Repeal.--The Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and 
Management Reauthorization Act of 2006 (Public Law 109-479) is amended 
by striking title VIII (relating to tsunami warning and education).
    (b) Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be construed to 
repeal, or affect in any way, Public Law 109-424.

            Attest:

                                                             Secretary.
114th CONGRESS

  2d Session

                               H.R. 1561

_______________________________________________________________________

                               AMENDMENT