III 112th CONGRESS 1st Session S. RES. 102 IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES March 15, 2011 Mr. McCain submitted the following resolution; which was referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations RESOLUTION Calling for a no-fly zone and the recognition of the Transitional National Council in Libya.

Whereas peaceful demonstrations, inspired by similar peaceful demonstrations in Tunisia, Egypt, and elsewhere in the Middle East, began in Libya with calls for greater political reform, opportunity, justice, and the rule of law and quickly spread to cities around the country. Whereas Muammar Qaddafi, his sons, and forces loyal to them have responded to the peaceful demonstrations by authorizing and initiating violence against civilian non-combatants in Libya, including the use of airpower, foreign mercenaries, helicopters, mortar and artillery fire, naval assets, snipers, and soldiers; Whereas, in response to Qaddafi’s assault on the people of Libya, the imposition of a no-fly zone in Libya was called for by the Gulf Cooperation Council on March 7, 2011; by the head of the Organization of the Islamic Conference on March 8, 2011; and by the Arab League on March 12, 2011; Whereas the Governments of France and the United Kingdom have drafted a United Nations Security Council Resolution to mandate the imposition of a no-fly zone in Libya; Whereas the Libyan Transitional National Council was formed in Benghazi, with representation of Libyan leaders from across the country; Whereas, on March 10, 2011, the Government of France recognized the Libyan Transitional National Council, based in Benghazi, as the sole legitimate government of Libya and has announced its intention to send an ambassador there; Whereas, despite initial gains, the opposition has been losing ground against Qaddafi’s forces, which are currently advancing against the opposition stronghold of Benghazi; Whereas, on March 3, 2011, President Barack Obama said, “Let me just be very unambiguous about this. Colonel Qaddafi needs to step down from power and leave”; and Whereas, on March 10, 2011, the Director of National Intelligence testified before Congress that, because of Qaddafi’s superior military resources, including airpower, and in the absence of outside assistance to the opposition, I think [over] the long term that the [Qaddafi] regime will prevail.: Now, therefore, be it

That the Senate— (1)applauds the bravery of the Libyan people, who are fighting to secure their universal rights against the violent dictatorship of Muammar Qaddafi; (2)condemns Muammar Qaddafi, and the forces loyal to him, for using overwhelming and indiscriminate violence, including the use of airpower and foreign mercenaries, against peaceful demonstrators and civilians, which has resulted in gross human rights abuses, grave loss of innocent life, and potentially crimes against humanity; (3)strongly welcomes the calls for imposing a no-fly zone in Libya made by the Arab League, the Gulf Cooperation Council, and the Organization of the Islamic Conference; (4)reiterates that it is the policy of the United States, as stated by President Obama, that Colonel Qaddafi must step down and leave power; and (5)calls on the President— (A)to recognize the Libyan Transitional National Council, based in Benghazi but representative of Libyan communities across the country, as the sole legitimate governing authority in Libya; (B)to take immediate steps to implement a no-fly zone in Libya with international support; and (C)to develop and implement a comprehensive strategy to achieve the stated United States policy objective of Qaddafi leaving power.