[Congressional Bills 112th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 1343 Placed on Calendar Senate (PCS)]

                                                       Calendar No. 102
112th CONGRESS
  1st Session
                                S. 1343

                          [Report No. 112-35]

   To provide for the conduct of an analysis of the impact of energy 
development and production on the water resources of the United States, 
                        and for other purposes.


_______________________________________________________________________


                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                             July 11, 2011

   Mr. Bingaman, from the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, 
 reported the following original bill; which was read twice and placed 
                            on the calendar

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
   To provide for the conduct of an analysis of the impact of energy 
development and production on the water resources of the United States, 
                        and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Energy and Water Integration Act of 
2011''.

SEC. 2. DEFINITION OF SECRETARY.

    In this Act, the term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary of Energy.

SEC. 3. ENERGY WATER NEXUS STUDY.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of the 
Interior and the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, 
shall enter into an arrangement with the National Academy of Sciences 
under which the Academy shall conduct an in-depth analysis of the 
impact of energy development and production on the water resources of 
the United States.
    (b) Scope of Study.--
            (1) In general.--The study described in subsection (a) 
        shall be comprised of each assessment described in paragraphs 
        (2) through (4).
            (2) Transportation sector assessment.--
                    (A) In general.--The study shall include a 
                lifecycle assessment of the quantity of water withdrawn 
                and consumed in the production of transportation fuels, 
                or electricity used as a fuel source, to evaluate the 
                ratio that--
                            (i) the quantity of water withdrawn and 
                        consumed in the production of transportation 
                        fuels (measured in gallons), or electricity 
                        (measured in kilowatt-hours); bears to
                            (ii) the total distance (measured in miles) 
                        that may be traveled as a result of the 
                        consumption of transportation fuels, or 
                        electricity.
                    (B) Scope of assessment.--
                            (i) In general.--The assessment shall 
                        include, as applicable--
                                    (I) the exploration for, and 
                                extraction or growing of, energy 
                                feedstock;
                                    (II) the processing of energy 
                                feedstock into transportation fuel;
                                    (III) the generation, 
                                transportation, and storage of 
                                electricity for transportation; and
                                    (IV) the conduct of an analysis of 
                                the efficiency with which the 
                                transportation fuel is consumed.
                            (ii) Fuels.--The assessment shall contain 
                        an analysis of transportation fuel sources, 
                        including--
                                    (I) domestically produced crude oil 
                                (including products derived from 
                                domestically produced crude oil);
                                    (II) imported crude oil (including 
                                products derived from imported crude 
                                oil);
                                    (III) domestically produced natural 
                                gas (including liquid fuels derived 
                                from natural gas);
                                    (IV) imported natural gas 
                                (including liquid fuels derived from 
                                natural gas);
                                    (V) oil shale;
                                    (VI) tar sands;
                                    (VII) domestically produced corn-
                                based ethanol;
                                    (VIII) imported corn-based ethanol;
                                    (IX) advanced biofuels (including 
                                cellulosic- and algae-based biofuels);
                                    (X) coal to liquids (including 
                                aviation fuel, diesel, and gasoline 
                                products);
                                    (XI) electricity consumed in--
                                            (aa) fully electric drive 
                                        vehicles;
                                            (bb) plug-in hybrid 
                                        vehicles; and
                                            (cc) hydrogen; and
                                    (XII) any reasonably foreseeable 
                                combination of any transportation fuel 
                                source described in subclauses (I) 
                                through (XI).
            (3) Electricity sector assessment.--
                    (A) In general.--The study shall include a 
                lifecycle assessment of the quantity of water withdrawn 
                and consumed in the production of electricity to 
                evaluate the ratio that--
                            (i) the quantity of water used and consumed 
                        in the production of electricity (measured in 
                        gallons); bears to
                            (ii) the quantity of electricity that is 
                        produced (measured in kilowatt-hours).
                    (B) Scope of assessment.--The assessment shall 
                include, as applicable--
                            (i) the exploration for, or extraction or 
                        growing of, energy feedstock;
                            (ii) the processing of energy feedstock for 
                        electricity production; and
                            (iii) the production of electricity.
                    (C) Generation types.--The assessment shall contain 
                an evaluation and analysis of electricity generation 
                facilities that are constructed in accordance with 
                different plant designs (including different cooling 
                technologies such as water, air, and hybrid systems, 
                and technologies designed to minimize carbon dioxide 
                releases) based on the fuel used by the facility, 
                including--
                            (i) coal;
                            (ii) natural gas;
                            (iii) oil;
                            (iv) nuclear energy;
                            (v) solar energy;
                            (vi) wind energy;
                            (vii) geothermal energy;
                            (viii) biomass;
                            (ix) the beneficial use of waste heat; and
                            (x) any reasonably foreseeable combination 
                        of any fuel described in clauses (i) through 
                        (ix).
            (4) Assessment of additional impacts.--In addition to the 
        impacts associated with the direct use and consumption of water 
        resources in the transportation and electricity sectors 
        described in paragraphs (2) and (3), the study shall contain an 
        identification and analysis of any unique water impact 
        associated with a specific fuel source, including an impact 
        resulting from--
                    (A) any extraction or mining practice;
                    (B) the transportation of feedstocks from the point 
                of extraction to the point of processing;
                    (C) the transportation of fuel and power from the 
                point of processing to the point of consumption; and
                    (D) the location of a specific fuel source from 
                specific geographical regions, including coastal 
                regions.
    (c) Report to Secretary.--Not later than 18 months after the date 
of enactment of this Act, the National Academy of Sciences shall submit 
to the Secretary a report that contains a summary of the results of the 
study conducted under this section.
    (d) Availability of Results of Study.--On the date on which the 
National Academy of Sciences completes the study under this section, 
the National Academy of Sciences shall make available to the public the 
results of the study.

SEC. 4. POWER PLANT WATER AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY.

    (a) In General.--To protect water supplies and promote the 
efficient use of water in the electricity production sector, the 
Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of the Interior and the 
Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, shall conduct a 
study to identify alternative technologies and related strategies to 
optimize water and energy efficiency in the production of electricity 
by each type of generation.
    (b) Generation Types.--The study shall include an evaluation of 
different types of generation facilities, including--
            (1) coal facilities, under which the evaluation shall 
        account for--
                    (A) different types of coal and associated 
                generating technologies; and
                    (B) the use of technologies designed to minimize 
                and sequester carbon dioxide releases;
            (2) oil and natural gas facilities, under which the 
        evaluation shall account for the use of technologies designed 
        to minimize and sequester carbon dioxide releases;
            (3) hydropower, including turbine upgrades, incremental 
        hydropower, in-stream hydropower, and pump-storage projects;
            (4) thermal solar facilities; and
            (5) nuclear facilities.
    (c) Report to Congress.--Not later than 18 months after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a report that contains a description of the 
results of the study conducted under this section (including an 
assessment of any region-specific factor, such as water availability 
and energy reliability, that should be considered in evaluating the 
results).

SEC. 5. RECLAMATION WATER CONSERVATION AND ENERGY SAVINGS STUDY.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Reclamation project.--The term ``Reclamation project'' 
        means a project authorized by the Federal Government and 
        carried out by the Bureau of Reclamation.
            (2) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary 
        of the Interior, acting through the Commissioner of 
        Reclamation.
    (b) Study.--
            (1) In general.--In accordance with paragraph (2), to 
        promote the efficient use of energy in water distribution 
        systems, the Secretary shall conduct a study to evaluate the 
        quantities of energy used in water storage and delivery 
        operations in Reclamation projects.
            (2) Elements.--In conducting the study, the Secretary 
        shall--
                    (A) assess and estimate the annual energy 
                consumption associated with the Reclamation projects; 
                and
                    (B) identify--
                            (i) the Reclamation projects that consume 
                        the greatest quantity of energy; and
                            (ii) the aspect of the operation of each 
                        Reclamation project described in clause (i) 
                        that is the most energy intensive (including 
                        water storage and releases, water delivery, and 
                        administrative operations); and
                    (C) identify opportunities to significantly reduce 
                current energy consumption and costs with respect to 
                each Reclamation project described in subparagraph (B), 
                including, as applicable, through--
                            (i) reduced groundwater pumping;
                            (ii) improved reservoir operations;
                            (iii) infrastructure rehabilitation;
                            (iv) water reuse; and
                            (v) the integration of renewable energy 
                        generation with project operations.
    (c) Report to Congress.--Not later than 18 months after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a report that contains a description of the 
results of the study conducted under this section, including an 
estimate of the quantity of renewable energy potentially available for 
generation from reclamation projects.

SEC. 6. DESALINATION RESEARCH.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary of the Interior (referred to in this 
section as the ``Secretary'') shall operate, manage and maintain 
facilities to carry out research, development, and demonstration 
activities to develop technologies and methods that promote brackish 
groundwater desalination as a viable method to increase water supply in 
a cost-effective manner.
    (b) Objectives; Activities.--
            (1) Objectives.--The Secretary shall conduct demonstration 
        projects--
                    (A) to develop new water and energy technologies 
                with widespread applicability; and
                    (B) to create new supplies of usable water for 
                municipal, agricultural, industrial, or environmental 
                purposes.
            (2) Activities.--In operating, managing, and maintaining 
        the facilities under subsection (a), the Secretary shall carry 
        out--
                    (A) as a priority, the development of renewable 
                energy technologies for integration with desalination 
                technologies--
                            (i) to reduce the capital and operational 
                        costs of desalination;
                            (ii) to minimize the environmental impacts 
                        of desalination; and
                            (iii) to increase public acceptance of 
                        desalination as a viable water supply process;
                    (B) research regarding various desalination 
                processes, including improvements in reverse and 
                forward osmosis technologies;
                    (C) the development of innovative methods and 
                technologies to reduce the volume and cost of 
                desalination concentrated wastes (including the 
                disposal of desalination concentrated wastes) in an 
                environmentally sound manner;
                    (D) an outreach program to create partnerships with 
                States, academic institutions, private entities, local 
                public agencies, and other appropriate organizations to 
                conduct research, development, and demonstration 
                activities, including the establishment of rental and 
                other charges to provide revenue to help offset the 
                costs of operating and maintaining the facility; and
                    (E) an outreach program to educate the public on--
                            (i) desalination and renewable energy 
                        technologies; and
                            (ii) the benefits of using water in an 
                        efficient manner.
    (c) Authority of Secretary.--The Secretary may enter into contracts 
or other agreements with, or make grants to, appropriate entities to 
manage, operate, or otherwise carry out this section, including an 
agreement with a local or regional academic institution or a consortium 
of institutions to manage research activities.
    (d) Reauthorization.--Section 8 of the Water Desalination Act of 
1996 (42 U.S.C. 10301 note; Public Law 104-298) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), in the first sentence, by striking 
        ``2011'' and inserting ``2016''; and
            (2) in subsection (b), by striking ``$25,000,000 for fiscal 
        years 1997 through 2011'' and inserting ``$2,000,000 for each 
        of fiscal years 2012 through 2016''.

SEC. 7. ENHANCED INFORMATION ON WATER-RELATED ENERGY CONSUMPTION.

    Section 205 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 
7135) is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(n) Water-related Energy Consumption.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not less than once during each 3-year 
        period, to aid in the understanding and reduction of the 
        quantity of energy used in association with the use of water, 
        the Administrator shall conduct an assessment under which the 
        Administrator shall collect information on energy use in 
        various sectors of the economy that are associated with the 
        procurement, treatment, or delivery of water.
            ``(2) Required sectors.--An assessment described in 
        paragraph (1) shall contain an analysis of water-related energy 
        use for all relevant sectors of the economy, including water 
        used for--
                    ``(A) agricultural purposes;
                    ``(B) municipal purposes;
                    ``(C) industrial purposes; and
                    ``(D) domestic purposes.
            ``(3) Effect.--Nothing in this subsection affects the 
        authority of the Administrator to collect data under section 52 
        of the Federal Energy Administration Act of 1974 (15 U.S.C. 
        790a).''.

SEC. 8. ENERGY-WATER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ROADMAP.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary shall develop a document to be known as the 
``Energy-Water Research and Development Roadmap'' to define the future 
research, development, demonstration, and commercialization efforts 
that are required to address emerging water-related challenges to 
future, cost-effective, reliable, and sustainable energy generation and 
production.
    (b) Report.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 120 days after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the 
        appropriate committees of Congress a report describing the 
        document described in subsection (a), including recommendations 
        for any future action with respect to the document.
            (2) Inclusions.--The report described in paragraph (1) 
        shall include a review of existing research, development, and 
        demonstration programs within the Department of Energy to 
        determine which programs should include water use 
        considerations.

SEC. 9. ENERGY-WATER CLEAN TECHNOLOGY GRANT PROGRAM.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Eligible entity.--The term ``eligible entity'' means--
                    (A) an eligible unit of local government;
                    (B) an Indian tribe; and
                    (C) a water or wastewater agency of a State or 
                local government or other public agency.
            (2) Eligible unit of local government.--The term ``eligible 
        unit of local government'' has the meaning given the term in 
        section 541 of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 
        (42 U.S.C. 17151).
            (3) Indian tribe.--The term ``Indian tribe'' has the 
        meaning given the term in section 4 of the Indian Self-
        Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 450b).
    (b) Grant Program.--In accordance with subsection (c), the 
Secretary may carry out a competitive grant program under which the 
Secretary may provide grants to eligible entities to demonstrate the 
deployment of technologies that reduce the consumption of, or conserve, 
energy supplies through energy savings and water conservation 
activities in commercial, residential, and mixed-use development 
projects.
    (c) Requirements.--
            (1) Provision of assistance.--In carrying out the program 
        under subsection (b), the Secretary shall provide assistance to 
        eligible entities that carry out projects that--
                    (A) have the potential to be replicated in other 
                locations;
                    (B) are of sufficient size to demonstrate 
                deployment of the project at scale; and
                    (C) are likely to accelerate and expand investment 
                in cost-effective technologies that demonstrate 
                sustained reductions in energy consumption or 
                conservation of energy supplies, including the 
                deployment of renewable energy and water reuse 
                technologies.
            (2) Prioritization.--In selecting eligible entities under 
        paragraph (1), the Secretary shall give priority to each 
        eligible entity that carries out a project that has the 
        potential to create sustained energy reductions that are 
        greater than 50 percent for the project development, as 
        compared to similar project developments that do not include 
        the technology used by the project that is the subject of the 
        demonstration.
            (3) Cost-sharing.--Each demonstration activity carried out 
        under a project under this program shall be subject to each 
        cost-sharing requirement described in section 988 of the Energy 
        Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16352).
            (4) Public-private partnerships.--The Secretary shall 
        provide a grant under this section only to an eligible entity 
        that uses a public-private partnership to design and carry-out 
        the project of the eligible entity.
            (5) Limitation on funds.--Funds provided through a grant 
        made by the Secretary under this section shall not be used by 
        the recipient eligible entity for any operation or maintenance 
        cost of the eligible entity.
            (6) Report.--The Secretary shall require each eligible 
        entity that receives a grant from the Secretary under this 
        section to submit to the Secretary on a date not later than 1 
        year after the date on which the eligible entity completes the 
        project of the eligible entity a report that contains a 
        description of--
                    (A) the estimated reductions in water use achieved 
                by the project of the entity;
                    (B) the reductions in energy consumption achieved 
                by the project of the entity;
                    (C) the comprehensive environmental benefits 
                achieved by the project of the entity; and
                    (D) the manner by which each reduction or benefit 
                described in subparagraphs (A) through (C) compare to 
                the original estimates of the eligible entity.

SEC. 10. RURAL WATER UTILITIES ENERGY AND WATER EFFICIENCY PROGRAM.

    As soon as practicable after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Secretary shall establish and carry out a program similar to, and 
consistent with, the national rural water and wastewater circuit rider 
program established under section 306(a)(22) of the Consolidated Farm 
and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1926(a)(22)) (including the 
authority to make grants)--
            (1) to provide on-site technical assistance to rural 
        drinking water and wastewater utilities (including utilities 
        serving an Indian tribe (as defined in section 4 of the Indian 
        Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 
        450b))); and
            (2) to improve energy efficiency, identify and develop 
        alternative and renewable energy supplies, and conserve water 
        in the operation of rural drinking water and wastewater 
        utilities.

SEC. 11. COMPREHENSIVE WATER USE AND ENERGY SAVINGS STUDY.

    (a) In General.--As soon as practicable after the date of enactment 
of this Act, in consultation with other Federal agencies and 
appropriate entities, and incorporating available governmental and 
nongovernmental data as appropriate, the Secretary shall conduct a 
comprehensive study to determine the interrelated nature of water and 
energy use (including energy consumption in water-related processes and 
the manner by which to reduce water-related energy consumption) to 
promote the efficient use of water and energy.
    (b) Required Components.--
            (1) In general.--In conducting the study under subsection 
        (a), the Secretary shall include each component described in 
        paragraphs (2) through (5).
            (2) Industrial water.--In accordance with paragraph (1), 
        the Secretary shall--
                    (A) assess the annual industrial water use of the 
                United States through a comparison, as the Secretary 
                determines to be appropriate, of the differences in 
                usage among--
                            (i) various regions of the United States;
                            (ii) industry types and processes; and
                            (iii) the use of in-plant waste treatment 
                        facilities; and
                    (B) identify opportunities to reduce significantly 
                industrial energy consumption and associated costs 
                through the use of--
                            (i) water management strategies;
                            (ii) water conservation using technologies 
                        in existence as of the date of enactment of 
                        this Act; and
                            (iii) reused water, particularly with 
                        respect to industrial energy applications.
            (3) Peak demand.--In accordance with paragraph (1), the 
        Secretary shall identify options to reduce energy use by water 
        treatment and delivery systems during peak electric demand 
        periods, including through--
                    (A) the use of increased water storage facilities;
                    (B) the aggregation of water system utility 
                accounts;
                    (C) the installation of supervisory control and 
                data acquisition systems; and
                    (D) improvements made to primary and secondary 
                water and wastewater treatment.
            (4) Nonpotable water sources.--In accordance with paragraph 
        (1), the Secretary shall identify and assess--
                    (A) the applications and uses for nonfreshwater 
                sources of water supply in industrial, commercial, and 
                residential applications; and
                    (B) the potential energy conservation that may 
                result from the use of nonfreshwater supplies, 
                including--
                            (i) recycled and reclaimed water;
                            (ii) produced water; and
                            (iii) other nontraditional water sources.
            (5) Embedded energy.--In accordance with paragraph (1), to 
        facilitate an understanding of the potential energy savings 
        associated with water conservation and efficiency, the 
        Secretary shall assess and estimate the quantity and type of 
        energy consumed in the procurement, transport, and treatment of 
        water supplies and wastewater that serve industrial, 
        commercial, and residential uses, including variations relating 
        to differences in geography and types of supply and wastewater 
        processes.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate committees 
of Congress a report that contains a description of--
            (1) the results of the study conducted by the Secretary 
        under this section; and
            (2) the means by which to incorporate, and the benefits of 
        incorporating, the results of the study into related reports 
        prepared by the Secretary.
                                                       Calendar No. 102

112th CONGRESS

  1st Session

                                S. 1343

                          [Report No. 112-35]

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL

   To provide for the conduct of an analysis of the impact of energy 
development and production on the water resources of the United States, 
                        and for other purposes.

_______________________________________________________________________

                             July 11, 2011

                 Read twice and placed on the calendar