IV 112th CONGRESS 2d Session H. RES. 694 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES June 20, 2012 Mrs. Maloney (for herself, Ms. Fudge, Ms. Moore, Ms. Norton, Ms. Lee of California, Ms. Wilson of Florida, Ms. McCollum, Ms. Richardson, Mr. Towns, Mr. Carnahan, Ms. Woolsey, Mr. McDermott, and Mr. McGovern) submitted the following resolution; which was referred to the Committee on Education and the Workforce RESOLUTION Recognizing the 40th anniversary of title IX, the Federal law that prohibits sex discrimination in education, including high school and college sports and other activities.

Whereas the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination in employment based on race, color, sex, national origin, or religion; Whereas educational institutions were mostly excluded from Civil Rights Act prohibitions until 1972; Whereas from 1970–1972, Congress held a number of hearings regarding sex discrimination in higher education; Whereas title IX is part of the Education Amendments of 1972; Whereas Representative Edith Green of Oregon introduced title IX; Whereas Patsy T. Mink worked as the major protector and defender of title IX, which was renamed the Patsy T. Mink Equal Opportunity in Education Act; Whereas title IX states in part No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance. . . .; Whereas prior to title IX— (1)sex discrimination in educational institutions was rampant; (2)many colleges limited the number of women admitted by requiring higher grades and test scores for women than for men; (3)medical and law schools often had admission quotas of a handful or less of women students; (4)girls and women were typically discouraged by school personnel from preparing for most occupations other than the lower paying occupations dominated by women; (5)men were not allowed to enroll in schools of nursing; (6)access to high school and college athletic programs was very limited to women and girls; (7)high school and college female athletes often had to raise money for their equipment, uniforms, travel, and other costs; (8)pregnant students were often expelled from high schools; (9)the percentage of women faculty members in 1969 was less than such percentage in 1929; (10)women were not hired as faculty members; and (11)women faculty members, if hired, were paid less than men and often were not promoted; Whereas in educational institutions receiving Federal funding, title IX prohibits almost all discrimination against all students, male and female, on the basis of sex; Whereas ten major areas addressed by title IX include— (1)access to higher education; (2)career education; (3)education for pregnant and parenting students; (4)employment; (5)learning environment; (6)math and science; (7)technology; (8)sexual harassment and sexual violence; (9)standardized testing; and (10)athletics; Whereas although best known for its impact in sports, title IX has also created opportunities for women in math, law, science, and other fields where women and girls have historically faced considerable barriers to access and involvement; Whereas title IX requires schools and colleges receiving Federal funds to give women and girls equal opportunities to play sports by requiring equal treatment for women and girls in regard to athletic scholarships and other benefits such as coaching, equipment, and facilities; Whereas the impact of title IX has been tremendous, as today— (1)women comprise more than half of undergraduate students; (2)women earn more than half of all bachelor’s degrees in biological and social sciences; (3)women comprise about half of all students in medical and law schools; and (4)girls’ participation in high school sports has increased more than tenfold; and Whereas there is more work to be done to end sex discrimination, including the fact that— (1)women’s advancement in some areas, such as computer science, engineering, and technical fields has stalled or decreased; (2)pregnant and parenting students are often impacted by policies that hinder them from finishing and obtaining higher education; (3)sexual harassment affects a large number of male and female students at all levels of education; (4)many people are unaware that title IX also covers sexual violence and bullying that contains sexual content against girls and women; and (5)the number of female high school athletes today is still less than the number of male high school athletes who were participating in sports when title IX was passed in 1972: Now, therefore, be it

That the House of Representatives— (1)recognizes the 40th anniversary of title IX and its groundbreaking influence for girls and women throughout the United States; (2)affirms the equal treatment of men and women and boys and girls; and (3)strives to work towards a time when women and girls can achieve true equality in athletics, education, and employment.