[Congressional Bills 112th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H. Res. 694 Introduced in House (IH)]

112th CONGRESS
  2d Session
H. RES. 694

  Recognizing the 40th anniversary of title IX, the Federal law that 
 prohibits sex discrimination in education, including high school and 
                  college sports and other activities.


_______________________________________________________________________


                    IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                             June 20, 2012

Mrs. Maloney (for herself, Ms. Fudge, Ms. Moore, Ms. Norton, Ms. Lee of 
 California, Ms. Wilson of Florida, Ms. McCollum, Ms. Richardson, Mr. 
  Towns, Mr. Carnahan, Ms. Woolsey, Mr. McDermott, and Mr. McGovern) 
submitted the following resolution; which was referred to the Committee 
                     on Education and the Workforce

_______________________________________________________________________

                               RESOLUTION


 
  Recognizing the 40th anniversary of title IX, the Federal law that 
 prohibits sex discrimination in education, including high school and 
                  college sports and other activities.

Whereas the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination in employment 
        based on race, color, sex, national origin, or religion;
Whereas educational institutions were mostly excluded from Civil Rights Act 
        prohibitions until 1972;
Whereas from 1970-1972, Congress held a number of hearings regarding sex 
        discrimination in higher education;
Whereas title IX is part of the Education Amendments of 1972;
Whereas Representative Edith Green of Oregon introduced title IX;
Whereas Patsy T. Mink worked as the major protector and defender of title IX, 
        which was renamed the Patsy T. Mink Equal Opportunity in Education Act;
Whereas title IX states in part ``No person in the United States shall, on the 
        basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits 
        of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or 
        activity receiving Federal financial assistance. . . .'';
Whereas prior to title IX--

    (1) sex discrimination in educational institutions was rampant;

    (2) many colleges limited the number of women admitted by requiring 
higher grades and test scores for women than for men;

    (3) medical and law schools often had admission quotas of a handful or 
less of women students;

    (4) girls and women were typically discouraged by school personnel from 
preparing for most occupations other than the lower paying occupations 
dominated by women;

    (5) men were not allowed to enroll in schools of nursing;

    (6) access to high school and college athletic programs was very 
limited to women and girls;

    (7) high school and college female athletes often had to raise money 
for their equipment, uniforms, travel, and other costs;

    (8) pregnant students were often expelled from high schools;

    (9) the percentage of women faculty members in 1969 was less than such 
percentage in 1929;

    (10) women were not hired as faculty members; and

    (11) women faculty members, if hired, were paid less than men and often 
were not promoted;

Whereas in educational institutions receiving Federal funding, title IX 
        prohibits almost all discrimination against all students, male and 
        female, on the basis of sex;
Whereas ten major areas addressed by title IX include--

    (1) access to higher education;

    (2) career education;

    (3) education for pregnant and parenting students;

    (4) employment;

    (5) learning environment;

    (6) math and science;

    (7) technology;

    (8) sexual harassment and sexual violence;

    (9) standardized testing; and

    (10) athletics;

Whereas although best known for its impact in sports, title IX has also created 
        opportunities for women in math, law, science, and other fields where 
        women and girls have historically faced considerable barriers to access 
        and involvement;
Whereas title IX requires schools and colleges receiving Federal funds to give 
        women and girls equal opportunities to play sports by requiring equal 
        treatment for women and girls in regard to athletic scholarships and 
        other benefits such as coaching, equipment, and facilities;
Whereas the impact of title IX has been tremendous, as today--

    (1) women comprise more than half of undergraduate students;

    (2) women earn more than half of all bachelor's degrees in biological 
and social sciences;

    (3) women comprise about half of all students in medical and law 
schools; and

    (4) girls' participation in high school sports has increased more than 
tenfold; and

Whereas there is more work to be done to end sex discrimination, including the 
        fact that--

    (1) women's advancement in some areas, such as computer science, 
engineering, and technical fields has stalled or decreased;

    (2) pregnant and parenting students are often impacted by policies that 
hinder them from finishing and obtaining higher education;

    (3) sexual harassment affects a large number of male and female 
students at all levels of education;

    (4) many people are unaware that title IX also covers sexual violence 
and bullying that contains sexual content against girls and women; and

    (5) the number of female high school athletes today is still less than 
the number of male high school athletes who were participating in sports 
when title IX was passed in 1972: Now, therefore, be it

    Resolved, That the House of Representatives--
            (1) recognizes the 40th anniversary of title IX and its 
        groundbreaking influence for girls and women throughout the 
        United States;
            (2) affirms the equal treatment of men and women and boys 
        and girls; and
            (3) strives to work towards a time when women and girls can 
        achieve true equality in athletics, education, and employment.
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