1.Short title; table of contents
(a)This Act may be cited as the Federal Courts Jurisdiction and Venue Clarification Act of 2011
.
(b)The table of contents for this Act is as follows:
Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Title I—Jurisdictional Improvements
Sec. 101. Treatment of resident aliens.
Sec. 102. Citizenship of corporations and insurance companies with foreign contacts.
Sec. 103. Removal and remand procedures.
Sec. 104. Technical amendment.
Sec. 105. Effective date.
Title II—Venue and Transfer Improvements
Sec. 201. Scope and definitions.
Sec. 202. Venue generally.
Sec. 203. Repeal of section 1392.
Sec. 204. Change of venue.
Sec. 205. Effective date.
<enum>I</enum><header>Jurisdictional Improvements</header>
<section id="H965697D10B3E496CB679439F4A9FCCEB"><enum>101.</enum><header>Treatment of resident aliens</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Section 1332(a) of title 28, United States Code, is amended—</text>
<paragraph id="HA2967F93A9BE4E929F899259F6F714A9"><enum>(1)</enum><text>by striking the last sentence; and</text> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="H24ACDD33BF4B4CBB8714EB5EFEF1DDB6"><enum>(2)</enum><text>in paragraph (2), by inserting after <quote>foreign state</quote> the following: <quote>, except that the district courts shall not have original jurisdiction under this subsection of an action between citizens of a State and citizens or subjects of a foreign state who are lawfully admitted for permanent residence in the United States and are domiciled in the same State</quote>.</text> </paragraph></section>
<section id="H8EA8EEDD45024D1EA0FEA46C7BC29289"><enum>102.</enum><header>Citizenship of corporations and insurance companies with foreign contacts</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Section 1332(c)(1) of title 28, United States Code, is amended—</text>
<paragraph id="H7C7757C9CCC54587966DEE7BA59F59BC"><enum>(1)</enum><text>by striking <quote>any State</quote> and inserting <quote>every State and foreign state</quote>;</text> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="HC03003BCABDA41C0B4F181A1CDFFA66F"><enum>(2)</enum><text>by striking <quote>the State</quote> and inserting <quote>the State or foreign state</quote>; and</text> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="H1D3C37EB0E784ED8A940F278531B191C"><enum>(3)</enum><text>by striking all that follows <quote>party-defendant,</quote> and inserting</text>
<quoted-block display-inline="yes-display-inline" id="H5A19A5B2117B421CAF772A712066D02D" style="OLC"> <text>such insurer shall be deemed a citizen of—</text>
<subparagraph id="H55200A209850469EA337BA6421A4D032"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">every State and foreign state of which the insured is a citizen;</text> </subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="H4DA118E5A4534B1CAF424665B914E857"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">every State and foreign state by which the insurer has been incorporated; and</text> </subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="HAFE819A6976C4AF9A01941B8866DE39A"><enum>(C)</enum><text>the State or foreign state where the insurer has its principal place of business; and</text> </subparagraph><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block> </paragraph></section>
<section id="H4C97E0C466014EA4B4ABE9389AE0BAE4"><enum>103.</enum><header>Removal and remand procedures</header>
<subsection id="H7007AC6F738C4274AD1909FE935BFB90"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Actions removable generally</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Section 1441 of title 28, United States Code, is amended as follows:</text>
<paragraph id="HB6DBA05E9F5B40AAB4D0ED03F6A023E9"><enum>(1)</enum><text>The section heading is amended by striking <quote><header-in-text level="section" style="USC">Actions removable generally</header-in-text></quote> and inserting <quote><header-in-text level="section" style="USC">Removal of civil actions</header-in-text></quote>.</text> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="H2FFDFD0753A0471C81C59C24B21AC1A1"><enum>(2)</enum><text>Subsection (a) is amended—</text>
<subparagraph id="H845A34E411B24C4A84DA59853B2705A5"><enum>(A)</enum><text>by striking <quote>(a) Except</quote> and inserting <quote>(a) <header-in-text level="subsection" style="USC">Generally.—</header-in-text>Except</quote>; and</text> </subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="H1A825BD34B244E688217284B661C53CB"><enum>(B)</enum><text>by striking the last sentence;</text> </subparagraph></paragraph>
<paragraph id="HC97A039A604741229C8E4EC16676C6A9"><enum>(3)</enum><text>Subsection (b) is amended to read as follows:</text>
<quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H54A441862A9446169226D3D2FECE8A1C" style="USC">
<subsection id="HF9F7788A45994EE99A43D1ED8091B9B6"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Removal based on diversity of citizenship</header>
<paragraph commented="no" display-inline="yes-display-inline" id="H3EECFFAFD0464494A36F692E82D96F8A"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In determining whether a civil action is removable on the basis of the jurisdiction under section 1332(a) of this title, the citizenship of defendants sued under fictitious names shall be disregarded.</text> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="H4D49633D8A4C488498754D63CAEF41DD" indent="up1"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">A civil action otherwise removable solely on the basis of the jurisdiction under section 1332(a) of this title may not be removed if any of the parties in interest properly joined and served as defendants is a citizen of the State in which such action is brought.</text> </paragraph></subsection><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="H401DA0D70E954A84A53753C2FFE04145"><enum>(4)</enum><text>Subsection (c) is amended to read as follows:</text>
<quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H8A13F3B4BE3C4D86B7672B29E0C3DC66" style="OLC">
<subsection id="H98D25F34E9D147FCB2F8A809A336EC1E"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Joinder of federal law claims and state law claims</header>
<paragraph commented="no" display-inline="yes-display-inline" id="HEF2191CBE22B4C4EAED45700F4BF104B"><enum>(1)</enum><text>If a civil action includes—</text>
<subparagraph id="H985F551EA5BE4ED98ABC59306427A104" indent="up1"><enum>(A)</enum><text>a claim arising under the Constitution, laws, or treaties of the United States (within the meaning of section 1331 of this title), and</text> </subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="H477AEE7AF02A4CB7BF1487649BCB4BB0" indent="up1"><enum>(B)</enum><text>a claim not within the original or supplemental jurisdiction of the district court or a claim that has been made nonremovable by statute,</text> </subparagraph></paragraph><continuation-text continuation-text-level="subsection">the entire action may be removed if the action would be removable without the inclusion of the claim described in subparagraph (B).</continuation-text>
<paragraph id="H4896F39FDB764BECB6CA50AEBD2CBB32" indent="up1"><enum>(2)</enum><text>Upon removal of an action described in paragraph (1), the district court shall sever from the action all claims described in paragraph (1)(B) and shall remand the severed claims to the State court from which the action was removed. Only defendants against whom a claim described in paragraph (1)(A) has been asserted are required to join in or consent to the removal under paragraph (1).</text> </paragraph></subsection><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="H7E8894D28A4548C2A7DF90134D4DE74D"><enum>(5)</enum><text>Subsection (d) is amended by striking <quote>(d) Any</quote> and inserting <quote>(d) <header-in-text level="subsection" style="USC">Actions against foreign states.—</header-in-text>Any</quote>.</text> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="HD599E12908F24C278BEE00E13ADF9D57"><enum>(6)</enum><text>Subsection (e) is amended by striking <quote>(e)(1) Notwithstanding</quote> and inserting <quote>(e) <header-in-text level="subsection" style="USC">Multiparty, multiforum jurisdiction.—</header-in-text>(1) Notwithstanding</quote>.</text> </paragraph>
<paragraph commented="no" id="H711240EC3E114947BFDBD24C49BE2C6F"><enum>(7)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Subsection (f) is amended by striking <quote>(f) The court</quote> and inserting <quote>(f) <header-in-text level="subsection" style="USC">Derivative removal jurisdiction.—</header-in-text>The court</quote>.</text> </paragraph></subsection>
<subsection id="HFA801639336A49AAB22218478D431DCD"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Procedure for removal of civil actions</header><text>Section 1446 of title 28, United States Code, is amended as follows:</text>
<paragraph id="HC5266BCACA944F968993883DC13C6B5F"><enum>(1)</enum><text>The section heading is amended to read as follows:</text>
<quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="HD7EDE5B70D4E43BABF04B39A3AAFA0C0" style="USC">
<section id="HCEC533CF86D54B24B1F57F4A1131771D"><enum>1446.</enum><header>Procedure for removal of civil actions</header> </section><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="H1CD6265F6D444C768ADDDEA7250C12DE"><enum>(2)</enum><text>Subsection (a) is amended—</text>
<subparagraph id="H228ADE38B5E14384A949C400F61A6DC7"><enum>(A)</enum><text>by striking <quote>(a) A defendant</quote> and inserting <quote>(a) <header-in-text level="subsection" style="USC">Generally.—</header-in-text>A defendant</quote>; and</text> </subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="H8B298E764A444A5DA985268D3C6B72D0"><enum>(B)</enum><text>by striking <quote>or criminal prosecution</quote>.</text> </subparagraph></paragraph>
<paragraph id="HDCCD34B07505404A8EE38D02687453BF"><enum>(3)</enum><text>Subsection (b) is amended—</text>
<subparagraph id="H39E0B94D659C442EABCC0E06CAB5056A"><enum>(A)</enum><text>by striking <quote>(b) The notice</quote> and inserting <quote>(b) <header-in-text level="subsection" style="USC">Requirements; generally.—</header-in-text>(1) The notice</quote>; and</text> </subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="H4E5310CABA1C4117AE1EB417DAD1DC63"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">by striking the second paragraph and inserting the following:</text>
<quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="HBE5278C834124603BB4D51DCBC0E1A86" style="OLC">
<paragraph id="H8B94DFC3BB224FD895F656EF884268D6" indent="up1"><enum>(2)</enum>
<subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="yes-display-inline" id="HF3B4DE1BE2EB433DAE3FED5BEE1AF17A"><enum>(A)</enum><text>When a civil action is removed solely under section 1441(a), all defendants who have been properly joined and served must join in or consent to the removal of the action.</text> </subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="HBE882C1F29FF45A1A0A20D9E56C0138A" indent="up1"><enum>(B)</enum><text>Each defendant shall have 30 days after receipt by or service on that defendant of the initial pleading or summons described in paragraph (1) to file the notice of removal.</text> </subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="H5EA25260AC8644A6B1A4CDCC4C65A9FF" indent="up1"><enum>(C)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">If defendants are served at different times, and a later-served defendant files a notice of removal, any earlier-served defendant may consent to the removal even though that earlier-served defendant did not previously initiate or consent to removal.</text> </subparagraph></paragraph>
<paragraph id="H4F91EC817D2B4014BC0B6A22555266A8" indent="up1"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Except as provided in subsection (c), if the case stated by the initial pleading is not removable, a notice of removal may be filed within thirty days after receipt by the defendant, through service or otherwise, of a copy of an amended pleading, motion, order or other paper from which it may first be ascertained that the case is one which is or has become removable.</text> </paragraph><after-quoted-block>;</after-quoted-block></quoted-block> </subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="H6A15B58FC3464FB8AD6C9012A6BC9563"><enum>(C)</enum><text>by striking subsection (c) and inserting the following:</text>
<quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="HC150B03B0FD7405DAD9565942107D7EB" style="OLC">
<subsection id="HF01F5620434446E5A3A94DFF56AF9D7B"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Requirements; removal based on diversity of citizenship</header>
<paragraph commented="no" display-inline="yes-display-inline" id="HDDFA12D332814B53804789E7B6B4ACE9"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">A case may not be removed under subsection (b)(3) on the basis of jurisdiction conferred by section 1332 more than 1 year after commencement of the action, unless the district court finds that the plaintiff has acted in bad faith in order to prevent a defendant from removing the action.</text> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="H5944D78615B445D29CAD3AE980CC0711" indent="up1"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">If removal of a civil action is sought on the basis of the jurisdiction conferred by section 1332(a), the sum demanded in good faith in the initial pleading shall be deemed to be the amount in controversy, except that—</text>
<subparagraph id="H477775D0C0674612B94D0E22B3591F17"><enum>(A)</enum><text>the notice of removal may assert the amount in controversy if the initial pleading seeks—</text>
<clause id="H13C61172D358480EA125F195056368A2"><enum>(i)</enum><text>nonmonetary relief; or</text> </clause>
<clause id="H2FDB511DE6174D8DA9F664EA1C6E7990"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>a money judgment, but the State practice either does not permit demand for a specific sum or permits recovery of damages in excess of the amount demanded; and</text> </clause></subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="HA2CBF3EF0BBF407085C53FF66EBFA702"><enum>(B)</enum><text>removal of the action is proper on the basis of an amount in controversy asserted under subparagraph (A) if the district court finds, by the preponderance of the evidence, that the amount in controversy exceeds the amount specified in section 1332(a).</text> </subparagraph></paragraph>
<paragraph display-inline="no-display-inline" id="HFDD0F1B2999C442B92DEE8DFAD49A387" indent="up1"><enum>(3)</enum>
<subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="yes-display-inline" id="HCEFCC3E61ADC4995BBDC797D45CAFD18"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">If the case stated by the initial pleading is not removable solely because the amount in controversy does not exceed the amount specified in section 1332(a), information relating to the amount in controversy in the record of the State proceeding, or in responses to discovery, shall be treated as an <quote>other paper</quote> under subsection (b)(3).</text> </subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="H8E1E04B04D5347979E11D1CC207A2114" indent="up1"><enum>(B)</enum><text>If the notice of removal is filed more than 1 year after commencement of the action and the district court finds that the plaintiff deliberately failed to disclose the actual amount in controversy to prevent removal, that finding shall be deemed bad faith under paragraph (1).</text> </subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block> </subparagraph></paragraph>
<paragraph id="H360DE1D07E0F4390AC4717002728AFA1"><enum>(4)</enum><text>Section 1446 is further amended—</text>
<subparagraph id="H2D0BCF26B1E742FA8EE331D561405F39"><enum>(A)</enum><text>in subsection (d), by striking <quote>(d) Promptly</quote> and inserting <quote>(d) <header-in-text level="subsection" style="USC">Notice to adverse parties and State court.—</header-in-text>Promptly</quote>;</text> </subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="H26FDBA6392724E41AB1195CF5BFAFE61"><enum>(B)</enum><text>by striking <quote>thirty days</quote> each place it appears and inserting <quote>30 days</quote>;</text> </subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="H9FF4249407854DEF903373A8A3ECF139"><enum>(C)</enum><text>by striking subsection (e); and</text> </subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="H1B21926D257B473EBD649C6AC5E2F5CB"><enum>(D)</enum><text>in subsection (f), by striking <quote>(f) With respect</quote> and inserting <quote>(e) <header-in-text level="subsection" style="USC">Counterclaim in <enum-in-header>337 </enum-in-header>proceeding.—</header-in-text>With respect</quote>.</text> </subparagraph></paragraph></subsection>
<subsection id="H7626F90A39FC48AFBE5DF63150552EDE"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Procedure for removal of criminal actions</header><text>Chapter 89 of title 28, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new section:</text>
<quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H58F587DCA1AC49C0A32A16ADFE5E1F6A" style="USC">
<section id="HBF424FC05A044B78A3491D28B142DB26"><enum>1455.</enum><header>Procedure for removal of criminal prosecutions</header>
<subsection id="H89DF4D9D9DE445088737D4092E64131B"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Notice of removal</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">A defendant or defendants desiring to remove any criminal prosecution from a State court shall file in the district court of the United States for the district and division within which such prosecution is pending a notice of removal signed pursuant to Rule 11 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and containing a short and plain statement of the grounds for removal, together with a copy of all process, pleadings, and orders served upon such defendant or defendants in such action.</text> </subsection>
<subsection id="H14D02BD2C2F444DCAADB226C2A2E28C9"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Requirements</header>
<paragraph commented="no" display-inline="yes-display-inline" id="HE4990F2082BD4BD4839C5D0768D23CC6"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">A notice of removal of a criminal prosecution shall be filed not later than 30 days after the arraignment in the State court, or at any time before trial, whichever is earlier, except that for good cause shown the United States district court may enter an order granting the defendant or defendants leave to file the notice at a later time.</text> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="H771CBB44E4D24CB4B05EC02B3921575E" indent="up1"><enum>(2)</enum><text>A notice of removal of a criminal prosecution shall include all grounds for such removal. A failure to state grounds that exist at the time of the filing of the notice shall constitute a waiver of such grounds, and a second notice may be filed only on grounds not existing at the time of the original notice. For good cause shown, the United States district court may grant relief from the limitations of this paragraph.</text> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="H540A2F2266C7450A91EF26DEA3E720EC" indent="up1"><enum>(3)</enum><text>The filing of a notice of removal of a criminal prosecution shall not prevent the State court in which such prosecution is pending from proceeding further, except that a judgment of conviction shall not be entered unless the prosecution is first remanded.</text> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="H39BD9C2BFDC64B3695DEF843898974AC" indent="up1"><enum>(4)</enum><text>The United States district court in which such notice is filed shall examine the notice promptly. If it clearly appears on the face of the notice and any exhibits annexed thereto that removal should not be permitted, the court shall make an order for summary remand.</text> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="H71A46F84E3CA44D9AFFA1741DB5C7774" indent="up1"><enum>(5)</enum><text>If the United States district court does not order the summary remand of such prosecution, it shall order an evidentiary hearing to be held promptly and, after such hearing, shall make such disposition of the prosecution as justice shall require. If the United States district court determines that removal shall be permitted, it shall so notify the State court in which prosecution is pending, which shall proceed no further.</text> </paragraph></subsection>
<subsection id="HD03265C0FD624D98B6BE58DCF95F673B"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Writ of habeas corpus</header><text>If the defendant or defendants are in actual custody on process issued by the State court, the district court shall issue its writ of habeas corpus, and the marshal shall thereupon take such defendant or defendants into the marshal’s custody and deliver a copy of the writ to the clerk of such State court.</text> </subsection></section><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block> </subsection>
<subsection id="H3A89DC0E7003452E9400FB0CBC9A76A7"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Conforming amendments</header>
<paragraph id="HA9A0DEC5F91841C78EC4F6EA4D7D6960"><enum>(1)</enum><text>The table of sections for chapter 89 of title 28, United States Code, is amended—</text>
<subparagraph id="H300815BFB7C14A76A9D435A983D65885"><enum>(A)</enum><text>in the item relating to section 1441, by striking <quote>Actions removable generally</quote> and inserting <quote>Removal of civil actions</quote>;</text> </subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="HB606C05A9F4C46E1869538795113E0F4"><enum>(B)</enum><text>in the item relating to section 1446, by inserting <quote>of civil actions</quote> after <quote>removal</quote>; and</text> </subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="HDCCA15AF6D894C6AB8D607AD65B0817B"><enum>(C)</enum><text>by adding at the end the following new item:</text>
<quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="HBAED07A2F9114428AFDAFD7C67615DC6" style="USC">
<toc regeneration="no-regeneration">
<toc-entry level="section">1455. Procedure for removal of criminal prosecutions.</toc-entry> </toc> <after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block> </subparagraph></paragraph>
<paragraph id="HFF1B5CFA376549DCBAF684D433605D5E"><enum>(2)</enum><text>Section 1453(b) of title 28, United States Code, is amended by striking <quote>1446(b)</quote> and inserting <quote>1446(c)(1)</quote>.</text> </paragraph></subsection></section>
<section id="HF5EDA7A240D94B8992609CAFDCA0BE02" display-inline="no-display-inline" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>104.</enum><header>Technical amendment</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline"><external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/28/1446">Section 1446(g)</external-xref> of title 28, United States Code, is amended by striking <quote>subsections (b) and (c)</quote> and inserting <quote>subsection (b) of this section and paragraph (1) of section 1455(b)</quote>. </text></section>
<section id="HCDCDA92C85EA4384A196406B07ED0EEE"><enum>105.</enum><header>Effective date</header>
<subsection id="HBA1F8DD031F041F898A3E9337E86570F"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Subject to subsection (b), the amendments made by this title shall take effect upon the expiration of the 30-day period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act, and shall apply to any action or prosecution commenced on or after such effective date.</text> </subsection>
<subsection id="H10A9BAE77C4248D49BB72DBBCA1CFA5E"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Treatment of cases removed to federal court</header><text>For purposes of subsection (a), an action or prosecution commenced in State court and removed to Federal court shall be deemed to commence on the date the action or prosecution was commenced, within the meaning of State law, in State court.</text> </subsection></section>
<enum>II</enum><header>Venue and Transfer Improvements</header>
<section id="HE88ACD0894E94C4E93A3D805BF2022B9"><enum>201.</enum><header>Scope and definitions</header>
<subsection id="HEE56926E850C49D1BEB50221CC24D239"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Chapter 87 of title 28, United States Code, is amended by inserting before section 1391 the following new section:</text>
<quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H6A7B25E9F23E43BE8D1112E4B0AB8088" style="USC">
<section id="H2FC3773F635C4D9C9853ABCA0A221118"><enum>1390.</enum><header>Scope</header>
<subsection id="H506E5BD916764E58B32D494D48BFD7BC"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Venue defined</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">As used in this chapter, the term <quote>venue</quote> refers to the geographic specification of the proper court or courts for the litigation of a civil action that is within the subject-matter jurisdiction of the district courts in general, and does not refer to any grant or restriction of subject-matter jurisdiction providing for a civil action to be adjudicated only by the district court for a particular district or districts.</text> </subsection>
<subsection id="H134EF081EA744EDF9EE3399475EEA7B3"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Exclusion of certain cases</header><text>Except as otherwise provided by law, this chapter shall not govern the venue of a civil action in which the district court exercises the jurisdiction conferred by section 1333, except that such civil actions may be transferred between district courts as provided in this chapter.</text> </subsection>
<subsection commented="no" id="HBA9DC86F9E9C4A598C4276FEB2B055EB"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Clarification regarding cases removed from State courts</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">This chapter shall not determine the district court to which a civil action pending in a State court may be removed, but shall govern the transfer of an action so removed as between districts and divisions of the United States district courts.</text> </subsection></section><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block> </subsection>
<subsection id="H965484525DD24D528851C5155FDC3207"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Conforming amendment</header><text>The table of sections at the beginning of chapter 87 of title 28, United States Code, is amended by inserting before the item relating to section 1391 the following new item:</text>
<quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="HD043AA447BC84CA19C33A958BC231916" style="USC">
<toc regeneration="no-regeneration">
<toc-entry level="section">1390. Scope.</toc-entry> </toc> <after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block> </subsection></section>
<section id="H8EE1CCA7B7FE4DD9B8BBFD5F63AA6359"><enum>202.</enum><header>Venue generally</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Section 1391 of title 28, United States Code, is amended as follows:</text>
<paragraph id="HC10E5574E57F446D97204B2A092566E7"><enum>(1)</enum><text>By striking subsections (a) through (d) and inserting the following:</text>
<quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="HB51FE1B7B80348C994E6A9C811B88CEC" style="OLC">
<subsection id="H0BCB44AD5BED4BD0BE305526175B9BA3"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Applicability of section</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Except as otherwise provided by law—</text>
<paragraph id="H88B6B390BD174EAE8EC969C74D9DA81B"><enum>(1)</enum><text>this section shall govern the venue of all civil actions brought in district courts of the United States; and</text> </paragraph>
<paragraph commented="no" id="H88AEE7570A5B494A9729118C07BF93FA"><enum>(2)</enum><text>the proper venue for a civil action shall be determined without regard to whether the action is local or transitory in nature.</text> </paragraph></subsection>
<subsection id="H3A8CE083808A42F4BE1859374485C1CA"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Venue in general</header><text>A civil action may be brought in—</text>
<paragraph id="H11F03B1EB6604F95882602EAD18FE317"><enum>(1)</enum><text>a judicial district in which any defendant resides, if all defendants are residents of the State in which the district is located;</text> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="H3BBDC12123E148ABA275C8529E475EE1"><enum>(2)</enum><text>a judicial district in which a substantial part of the events or omissions giving rise to the claim occurred, or a substantial part of property that is the subject of the action is situated; or</text> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="H5365C1343DD6438EB13FF5C679691351"><enum>(3)</enum><text>if there is no district in which an action may otherwise be brought as provided in this section, any judicial district in which any defendant is subject to the court’s personal jurisdiction with respect to such action.</text> </paragraph></subsection>
<subsection id="HD26328C7D4FF43E59F0AB07A83946180"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Residency</header><text>For all venue purposes—</text>
<paragraph id="HFE0319AA328E481F88827B67BBCC5F18"><enum>(1)</enum><text>a natural person, including an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence in the United States, shall be deemed to reside in the judicial district in which that person is domiciled;</text> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="HEE34D30AFDE345DCBCD1800E27198BC1"><enum>(2)</enum><text>an entity with the capacity to sue and be sued in its common name under applicable law, whether or not incorporated, shall be deemed to reside, if a defendant, in any judicial district in which such defendant is subject to the court’s personal jurisdiction with respect to the civil action in question and, if a plaintiff, only in the judicial district in which it maintains its principal place of business; and</text> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="HAEEA51B4FF5447C8BBACFA43F98AF804"><enum>(3)</enum><text>a defendant not resident in the United States may be sued in any judicial district, and the joinder of such a defendant shall be disregarded in determining where the action may be brought with respect to other defendants.</text> </paragraph></subsection>
<subsection id="HF5C06F95C099499497904C1BB95A9401"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Residency of corporations in states with multiple districts</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">For purposes of venue under this chapter, in a State which has more than one judicial district and in which a defendant that is a corporation is subject to personal jurisdiction at the time an action is commenced, such corporation shall be deemed to reside in any district in that State within which its contacts would be sufficient to subject it to personal jurisdiction if that district were a separate State, and, if there is no such district, the corporation shall be deemed to reside in the district within which it has the most significant contacts.</text> </subsection><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="H541EA380F0024DA3A05F042F1EF5BD91"><enum>(2)</enum><text>In subsection (e)—</text>
<subparagraph id="H7C652F15654E4C62A56970377E43FD85"><enum>(A)</enum><text>in the first paragraph—</text>
<clause id="H5F1CD1DE88DC477CBAC949AC5FC14E1C"><enum>(i)</enum><text>by striking <quote>(1)</quote>, <quote>(2)</quote>, and <quote>(3)</quote> and inserting <quote>(A)</quote>, <quote>(B)</quote>, and <quote>(C)</quote>, respectively; and</text> </clause>
<clause id="H68BE5E045AAD4820A5EF5024725CA453"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>by striking <quote>(e) A civil action</quote> and inserting the following:</text>
<quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="HB9152A1450E54AC3913391EB63AF812A" style="OLC">
<subsection id="H0A6559FAD7914272BCC1BF08AC1340B0"><enum>(e)</enum><header>Actions where defendant is officer or employee of the United States</header>
<paragraph id="H15958087C2F84877A8B65805847ECF2B"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">A civil action</text> </paragraph></subsection><after-quoted-block>; and</after-quoted-block></quoted-block> </clause></subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="H809763B3D88147CDBDE9E4F0794265B1"><enum>(B)</enum><text>in the second undesignated paragraph by striking <quote>The summons and complaint</quote> and inserting the following:</text>
<quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H68D663DAEFA24F8DB11120D5A990C3F0" style="OLC">
<paragraph id="H3C6A5B95F0C54AD1BC0A0CF1A98299EF"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Service</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The summons and complaint</text> </paragraph><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block> </subparagraph></paragraph>
<paragraph id="HBF6198A1CA86421986B3F421AC9BDAB3"><enum>(3)</enum><text>In subsection (f), by striking <quote>(f) A civil action</quote> and inserting <quote>(f) <header-in-text level="subsection" style="OLC">Civil actions against a foreign state.—</header-in-text>A civil action</quote>.</text> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="H75A0BA27B1FE43C59C628555AF416718"><enum>(4)</enum><text>In subsection (g), by striking <quote>(g) A civil action</quote> and inserting <quote>(g) <header-in-text level="subsection" style="OLC">Multiparty, multiforum litigation.—</header-in-text>A civil action</quote>.</text> </paragraph></section>
<section id="HEBDFA917649F4B0D8A44B524E9688FC1"><enum>203.</enum><header>Repeal of section 1392</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Section 1392 of title 28, United States Code, and the item relating to that section in the table of sections at the beginning of chapter 87 of such title, are repealed.</text> </section>
<section id="H5C5C8D03E97246F582E49BB22505D5FF"><enum>204.</enum><header>Change of venue</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Section 1404 of title 28, United States Code, is amended—</text>
<paragraph id="H4F009F97B8A64C53A175D732C6E67E3A"><enum>(1)</enum><text>in subsection (a), by inserting before the period at the end the following: <quote>or to any district or division to which all parties have consented</quote>; and</text> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="HDE03566D279F42E9AC1D8B003B356650"><enum>(2)</enum><text>in subsection (d), by striking <quote>As used in this section,</quote> and inserting <quote>Transfers from a district court of the United States to the District Court of Guam, the District Court for the Northern Mariana Islands, or the District Court of the Virgin Islands shall not be permitted under this section. As otherwise used in this section,</quote>.</text> </paragraph></section>
<section id="HDD2D18CD25B643F9808BD72801C4ED56"><enum>205.</enum><header>Effective date</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">The amendments made by this title—</text>
<paragraph id="H141EC9D9F7904DFA94BE6DD57B1520B0"><enum>(1)</enum><text>shall take effect upon the expiration of the 30-day period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act; and</text> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="HA375F929E3BC46EEBF399A09CE78CF16"><enum>(2)</enum><text>shall apply to—</text>
<subparagraph id="H4F9C6778847A4083BF363ABF3357F2A4"><enum>(A)</enum><text>any action that is commenced in a United States district court on or after such effective date; and</text> </subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="HB1BF0DE114F64D5E8675F91897C3F2D8"><enum>(B)</enum><text>any action that is removed from a State court to a United States district court and that had been commenced, within the meaning of State law, on or after such effective date.</text> </subparagraph></paragraph></section>
Speaker of the House of Representatives.Vice President of the United States and President of the Senate.