Short title

This Act may be cited as the

Positive Behavior for Safe and Effective Schools Act

Findings and purposes

(a)

Findings

Congress makes the following findings: (1)Educators, parents, and the general public cite ineffective school discipline policies as a leading challenge facing many public schools. (2)Overly harsh, nondiscretionary school discipline practices that address even minor misbehavior through suspension, expulsion, metal detectors, surveillance cameras, and arrest are ineffective and counterproductive. (3)Research shows that get tough approaches to discipline reinforce bad behavior and predict higher future rates of misbehavior among suspended students. (4)However, suspensions and expulsions are on the rise nationally, and according to the United States Department of Education Office of Civil Rights during the 2005–2006 school year over 3,300,000 students were suspended at least once and over 100,000 students were expelled. (5)Students of color and students with disabilities are more likely to be suspended or expelled than their peers for similar disciplinary incidents. (6)There is a high correlation between school discipline and the student dropout rate. Suspended students are more likely to be retained, to dropout, to engage in delinquent activity, and to become involved in the juvenile or criminal justice system. (7)Teachers are also more likely to dropout of our schools because of school discipline issues. A 2005 national survey found that 44 percent of teachers, and 39 percent of highly qualified teachers, listed school discipline as a reason for leaving the profession. (8)Learning is linked to student behavior. Successful schools implement high academic and behavior standards, where improvements in student behavior and school climate are correlated with improved academic outcomes. (9)Evidence-based and scientifically valid practices for improving behavior and creating a school climate more conducive to learning such as school-wide positive behavior supports, have not been widely adopted, accurately implemented, or sustained. (10)Effective implementation of school-wide positive behavior supports is linked to greater academic achievement, significantly fewer disciplinary problems, lower suspension and expulsion rates, and increased time for instruction. (11)Early intervening services are an effective strategy for instructional support. Following implementation of school-wide positive behavior supports, out-of-school suspensions at an elementary school in Illinois decreased 85 percent, from 243 to 37 or fewer in 2 subsequent years, with a resultant gain of 386 days of instructional time. The percentage of students meeting or exceeding proficiency on State standards increased measurably. (12)Many problems can be prevented or minimized with early intervening services that have been shown to be effective and reduce the need for more intensive and more costly interventions. Upon implementing such supports, an elementary school in Maryland witnessed a decrease in office discipline referrals for major rule violations by 42 percent, recouping 119 days of instructional time for students, and 40 days of administrator time within 1 school year. (13)Schools that implement school-wide positive behavior supports are perceived by teachers to be safer teaching environments. In South Carolina, a school using a system of positive behavior supports found that teacher transfer requests declined by 100 percent and teacher absence days decreased by 36 percent. (14)When approaches such as school-wide positive behavior supports are employed, all students, including those with significant and challenging behaviors, can succeed. (b)

Purposes

The purposes of this Act are to expand the use of school-wide positive behavior supports in schools in order to systematically create a school climate that is highly conducive to learning, to reduce discipline referrals, and to improve student academic outcomes.

Definition of positive behavior supports

In this Act, the term positive behavior supports means a systematic approach to embed proven practices for early intervening services, including a range of systemic and individualized strategies to reinforce desired behaviors and eliminate reinforcement for problem behaviors, in order to achieve important social outcomes and increase learning, while preventing problem behaviors for all students including those with the most complex and intensive behavioral needs.

School-wide positive behavior supports

(a)

Flexibility To Use Title I Funds To Implement School-Wide Positive Behavior Supports

(1)

In general

Section 1003(b) of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6303(b)) is amended— (A)by redesignating paragraphs (1) and (2) as subparagraphs (A) and (B), respectively; (B)by inserting (1) before Of the amount; and (C)by adding at the end the following:

(2)Of the amount reserved under subsection (a) for any fiscal year, the State educational agency may allocate funds to develop and implement coordinated, early intervening services (including school-wide positive behavior supports) for all students, including those who have not been identified as needing special education but who need additional academic and behavioral support to succeed in a general education environment. Funds so allocated shall be— (A)aligned with funds authorized under section 613(f) of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act; and (B)used to supplement, and not supplant, funds made available under such Act for such activities and services.

(2)

Technical assistance

The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6301 et seq.) is amended— (A)in section 1116(b)(4)(B)— (i)by redesignating clauses (iii) and (iv) as clauses (iv) and (v), respectively; and (ii)by inserting after clause (ii) the following:

(iii)shall include assistance in implementation of school-wide positive behavior supports and other approaches with evidence of effectiveness for improving the learning environment in the school and reducing the need for suspensions, expulsions, corporal punishment, referrals to law enforcement, and other actions that remove students from instruction;

;

(B)in section 1117(a)(3), by inserting any technical assistance center on school-wide positive behavior supports funded under section 665(b) of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, after 2002),; and (C)in section 1117(a)(5)(B)— (i)by redesignating clauses (iii) and (iv) as clauses (iv) and (v), respectively; and (ii)by inserting after clause (ii) the following:

(iii)review the number of discipline referrals in the school and the overall school climate and engagement of families, and use that information to assist the school to implement school-wide positive behavior supports or other early intervening services, or both;

(b)

LEA flexibility To improve school climate

Section 1114(b)(1)(B)(iii)(I) of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6314(b)(1)(B)(iii)(I)) is amended— (1)by redesignating items (bb) and (cc) as items (cc) and (dd), respectively; and (2)by inserting after item (aa) the following:

(bb)improving the learning environment in the school, including the implementation of school-wide positive behavior supports, in order to improve academic outcomes for students and reduce the need for suspensions, expulsions, corporal punishment, referrals to law enforcement, and other actions that remove students from instruction;

Teacher and principal preparation to improve school climate

Section 2122(c)(2) of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6622(c)(2)) is amended— (1)by striking subject matter knowledge and teaching skills and inserting subject matter knowledge, teaching skills, and an understanding of social or emotional, or both, learning in children and approaches that improve the school climate for learning (such as school-wide positive behavior supports); and (2)by inserting to improve the teachers’ schools’ climate for learning after instructional leadership skills to help teachers.

Safe and drug free schools and communities

Section 4002 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7102) is amended— (1)by redesignating paragraphs (1) through (4) as paragraphs (2) through (5), respectively; and (2)by striking all that precedes paragraph (2) and inserting the following:

The purpose of this part is to support programs that improve the whole school climate in order to foster learning, including programs that prevent discipline problems, that reduce the need for suspensions, expulsions, corporal punishment, referrals to law enforcement, and other actions that remove students from instruction, that prevent violence in and around schools, that prevent the illegal use of alcohol, tobacco, and drugs, that promote meaningful family engagement in education, and that are coordinated with related Federal, State, school, and community efforts and resources to foster a safe and drug-free learning environment that supports student academic achievement, through the provision of Federal assistance to—(1)States for grants to local educational agencies and consortia of such agencies to establish, operate, and improve local programs relating to improving the school-wide climate (including implementation of school-wide positive behavior supports);

Early intervening services under school counselors program

Section 5421(b)(2) of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7245(b)(2)) is amended— (1)by redesignating subparagraphs (C) through (H) as subparagraphs (D) through (I), respectively; and (2)by inserting after subparagraph (B) the following:

(C)describe how the local educational agency will address the need for early intervening services that improve the school climate for learning and reduce the need for suspensions, expulsions, corporal punishment, referrals to law enforcement, and other actions that remove students from instruction, such as through school-wide positive behavior supports;

Specialized instructional support services

(a)

In general

The Secretary of Education, acting through the Office of the Deputy Secretary, shall administer, coordinate, implement, and ensure adequate evaluation of the effectiveness of programs and activities concerned with providing specialized instructional support services in schools, delivered by trained, qualified specialized instructional support personnel. In carrying out this subsection, the Secretary shall support activities to— (1)improve specialized instructional support services in schools in order to improve academic achievement and educational results for students; (2)identify scientifically valid practices in specialized instructional support services that support learning and improve academic achievement and educational results for students; (3)provide continuous training and professional development opportunities for specialized instructional support personnel and other school personnel in the use of effective techniques to address academic, behavioral, and functional needs; (4)provide technical assistance to local educational agencies and State educational agencies in the provision of effective, scientifically valid, specialized instructional support services; (5)coordinate specialized instructional support services programs and services in schools between the Department of Education and other Federal agencies, as appropriate; and (6)ensure evaluation of the effectiveness of the activities described in this subsection. (b)

Specialized instructional support personnel; specialized instructional support services

In this section: (1)

Specialized instructional support personnel

The term specialized instructional support personnel means school counselors, school social workers, school psychologists, and other qualified professional personnel involved in providing assessment, diagnosis, counseling, educational, therapeutic, and other necessary corrective or supportive services (including related services, as such term is defined in section 602 of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act) as part of a comprehensive program to meet student needs. (2)

Specialized instructional support services

The term specialized instructional support services means the services provided by specialized instructional support personnel, including any other corrective or supportive services to meet student needs.

Definition in Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965

Section 9101 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7801) is amended— (1)by redesignating paragraphs (20) through (32) as paragraphs (21) through (33); (2)by inserting after paragraph (19) the following:

(20)

Family engagement in education

The term family engagement in education means a shared responsibility— (A)of families and schools for student success, in which schools and community-based organizations are committed to reaching out to engage families in meaningful ways and families are committed to actively supporting their children’s learning and development; and (B)that is continuous from birth through young adulthood and reinforces learning that takes place in the home, school, and community.

;

(3)by redesignating the first paragraph (33) through paragraph (42) as paragraphs (35) through (44), respectively; and (4)by inserting after paragraph (32) the following:

(33)

Positive behavior supports

The term positive behavior supports means a systematic approach to embed proven practices for early intervening services, including a range of systemic and individualized strategies to reinforce desired behaviors and eliminate reinforcement for problem behaviors, in order to achieve important social outcomes and increase student learning, while preventing problem behaviors.