1.Short title; table of
contents
(a)This Act may be cited as the Syria Freedom Support Act
.
(b)The table of contents of this Act is as follows:
Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Definitions.
Title I—Strengthening United States sanctions against
Syria
Sec. 101. Findings.
Sec. 102. Declarations of policy.
Sec. 103. Codification of existing sanctions and continuation
of restrictions against the Government of Syria.
Sec. 104. Mandatory sanctions with respect to development of
weapons of mass destruction or other military capabilities.
Sec. 105. Amendment to the Syria Accountability and Lebanese
Sovereignty Restoration Act of 2003.
Title II—Sanctions targeting Syria's energy sector
Sec. 201. Findings.
Sec. 202. Sense of Congress.
Sec. 203. Declaration of policy.
Sec. 204. Multilateral regime.
Sec. 205. Imposition of sanctions.
Sec. 206. Description of sanctions.
Sec. 207. Advisory opinions.
Sec. 208. Termination of sanctions.
Sec. 209. Duration of sanctions.
Sec. 210. Reports required.
Sec. 211. Determinations not reviewable.
Sec. 212. Exclusion of certain activities.
Sec. 213. Effective date.
Title III—Syria nuclear weapons prevention
Sec. 301. Findings.
Sec. 302. Actions within the International Atomic Energy
Agency.
Sec. 303. Restrictions on nuclear cooperation with countries
assisting the nuclear program of Syria.
Sec. 304. Exclusion from the United States of senior officials
of foreign persons who have aided the nuclear program of Syria.
Title IV—Diplomatic efforts to isolate the Government of
Syria
Sec. 401. Sense of Congress relating to bilateral
efforts.
Sec. 402. Opposition to Syria’s membership and candidacy for
leadership posts in United Nations institutions.
Sec. 403. Report on assistance to, and commerce with,
Syria.
Title V—Assistance to support democracy in Syria
Sec. 501. Declarations of policy.
Sec. 502. Assistance to support a transition to democracy in
Syria.
Sec. 503. Condemnation of Syrian human rights
abuses.
Sec. 504. Imposition of sanctions on certain persons
responsible for or complicit in human rights abuses committed against citizens
of Syria or their family members.
Sec. 505. Imposition of sanctions with respect to the transfer
of goods or technologies to Syria that may be used to commit human rights
abuses.
Sec. 506. Comprehensive strategy to promote internet freedom
and access to information in Syria.
Title VI—General provisions
Sec. 601. Denial of visas for Government of Syria.
Sec. 602. Sunset.
2.In this Act:
(1)Act of
international terrorismThe term act of international
terrorism means an act—
(A)which is violent
or dangerous to human life and that is a violation of the criminal laws of the
United States or of any State or that would be a criminal violation if
committed within the jurisdiction of the United States or any State; and
(B)which appears to
be intended—
(i)to
intimidate or coerce a civilian population;
(ii)to
influence the policy of a government by intimidation or coercion; or
(iii)to
affect the conduct of a government by assassination or kidnapping.
(2)Appropriate
congressional committeesThe term appropriate Congressional
committees means the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on
Appropriations of the House of Representatives; and the Committee on Foreign
Relations and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate.
(3)The term component part has the meaning given
that term in section 11A(e)(1) of the Export Administration Act of 1979 (50
U.S.C. App. 2410a(e)(1)).
(4)To develop, or the
development of, petroleum resources means the exploration for, or
the extraction, refining, or transportation by pipeline of, petroleum
resources.
(5)The term financial institution
includes—
(A)a depository
institution (as defined in section 3(c)(1) of the Federal Deposit Insurance
Act), including a branch or agency of a foreign bank (as defined in section
1(b)(7) of the International Banking Act of 1978);
(B)a credit
union;
(C)a securities firm,
including a broker or dealer;
(D)an insurance
company, including an agency or underwriter;
(E)any other company
that provides financial services including, but not limited to joint ventures,
partnerships or investments with Syrian government-controlled entities or
affiliated entities.
(6)The term finished product has the meaning
given that term in section 11A(e)(2) of the Export Administration Act of 1979
(50 U.S.C. App. 2410a(e)(2)) and includes any Syrian-origin petroleum or
petroleum product.
(7)The term foreign person means—
(A)an individual who
is not a United States person or an alien lawfully admitted for permanent
residence into the United States; or
(B)a corporation,
partnership, joint venture, cooperative ventures or other nongovernmental
entity which is not a United States person.
(8)The terms goods and
technology have the meanings given those terms in section 16 of
the Export Administration Act of 1979 (50 U.S.C. App. 2415).
(9)The
term investment means any of the following activities if such
activity is undertaken pursuant to an agreement, or pursuant to the exercise of
rights under such an agreement, that is entered into with the Government of
Syria or a nongovernmental entity in Syria on or after the date of the
enactment of this Act:
(A)The entry into a
contract that includes responsibility for the development of petroleum
resources located in Syria, or the entry into a contract providing for the
general supervision and guarantee of another person’s performance of such a
contract.
(B)The purchase of a
share of ownership, including an equity interest, in that development.
(C)The entry into a
contract providing for the participation in royalties, earnings, or profits in
that development, without regard to the form of the participation.
The term
investment does not include the entry into, performance, or
financing of a contract to sell or purchase goods, services, or technology. For
purposes of this paragraph, an amendment or other modification that is made, on
or after the date of enactment of this Act, to an agreement or contract shall
be treated as the entry of an agreement or contract.(10)The
term Syria includes any agency or instrumentality of Syria,
including any Syrian-linked or Syrian-controlled entity.
(11)Syrian
diplomats and representatives of other government and military or
quasi-governmental institutions of SyriaThe term Syrian
diplomats and representatives of other government and military or
quasi-governmental institutions of Syria includes employees,
representatives, affiliates, agents, instrumentalities, or persons of the
Government of Syria.
(12)The
term knowingly, with respect to conduct, a circumstance, or a
result, means that a person has actual knowledge, or should have known, of the
conduct, the circumstance, or the result.
(13)The term nuclear explosive device
means any device, whether assembled or disassembled, that is designed to
produce an instantaneous release of an amount of nuclear energy from special
nuclear material (as defined in section 11(aa) of the Atomic Energy Act of
1954) that is greater than the amount of energy that would be released from the
detonation of one pound of trinitrotoluene (TNT).
(14)The
term person means—
(A)a natural
person;
(B)a corporation,
business association, partnership, society, trust, financial institution,
insurer, underwriter, guarantor, and any other business organization, any other
nongovernmental entity, organization, or group, and any governmental entity
operating as a business enterprise, a sole proprietorship, organization,
association, corporation, partnership, limited liability company, venture,
joint venture, or other entity, its subsidiary, or affiliate;
(C)a company owned or
controlled, either directly or indirectly, by the government of a foreign
country, that is established or organized under the laws of, or has its
principal place of business in, such foreign country and includes United States
subsidiaries of the same;
(D)any individual or
entity that directly or indirectly controls, is controlled by, or is under
common control with, the company, including without limitation direct and
indirect subsidiaries of a company; and
(E)any successor to
any entity described in subparagraph (B).
The term
person does not include a government or governmental entity that
is not operating as a business enterprise.(15)The term petroleum resources includes
petroleum and natural gas resources petroleum, refined petroleum products, oil
or liquefied natural gas, natural gas resources, oil or liquefied natural gas
tankers, and products used to construct or maintain pipelines used to transport
oil or liquefied natural gas.
(16)Refined
petroleum productsThe term refined petroleum
products means diesel, gasoline, jet fuel (including naphtha-type and
kerosene-type jet fuel), and aviation gasoline.
(17)The term United States or
State means the several States, the District of Columbia, the
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands,
American Samoa, Guam, the United States Virgin Islands, and any other territory
or possession of the United States.
(18)The term United States person means—
(A)a natural person
who is a citizen of the United States or who owes permanent allegiance to the
United States; and
(B)a corporation or
other legal entity which is organized under the laws of the United States, any
State or territory thereof, or the District of Columbia, if natural persons
described in subparagraph (A) own, directly or indirectly, more than 50 percent
of the outstanding capital stock or other beneficial interest in such legal
entity.
(19)The term United States assistance
means—
(A)any assistance
under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.), other than
urgent humanitarian assistance or medicine;
(B)sales and
assistance under the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.);
(C)financing by the
Commodity Credit Corporation for export sales of agricultural commodities;
or
(D)financing under
the Export-Import Bank Act of 1945 (12 U.S.C. 635 et seq.).
(20)The terms admitted and alien have
the meanings given those terms in section 101(a) of the Immigration and
Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)).
<enum>I</enum><header>Strengthening
United States sanctions against Syria</header>
<section id="HC47DD5A89F5D4951B2E3CDE92FE35E85"><enum>101.</enum><header>Findings</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Congress makes the following
findings:</text>
<paragraph id="H366F813327854391943F7A38350A902A"><enum>(1)</enum><text>On April 29, 2011,
the President transmitted to Congress a message continuing the national
emergency with respect to Syria, stating that <quote>[the Government of
Syria’s] actions and policies, including continuing support for terrorist
organizations, damaging the Lebanese government’s ability to function, and
pursuit of weapons of mass destruction and missile programs, continue to pose
an unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security, foreign policy,
and economy of the United States.</quote>.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HB30E76B5A3A945DDA61ADFEE1DD3645D"><enum>(2)</enum><text>United Nations
Security Council Resolution 1373 (2001) mandates that all states <quote>refrain
from providing any form of support, active or passive, to entities or persons
involved in terrorist acts</quote>, take <quote>the necessary steps to prevent
the commission of terrorist acts</quote>, and <quote>deny safe haven to those
who finance, plan, support, or commit terrorist acts</quote>.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HC12DD2BA9D954154BACF86F12BB81680"><enum>(3)</enum><text>The Government of
Syria is currently prohibited by United States law from receiving United States
assistance because it has repeatedly provided support for acts of international
terrorism, as determined by the Secretary of State for purposes of section
6(j)(1) of the Export Administration Act of 1979 (50 U.S.C. App. 2405(j)(1))
and other relevant provisions of law.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H7033464F4C934E8589926CE446EA60AF"><enum>(4)</enum><text>The Department of
State’s <quote>Country Reports on Terrorism</quote> for 2009 state that
<quote>Syria continue[s] to provide safe-haven as well as political and other
support to a number of designated Palestinian terrorist groups, including
HAMAS, Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ), and the Popular Front for the
Liberation of Palestine-General Command (PFLP–GC) … The operational leadership
of many of these groups is headquartered or sheltered in Damascus … Syria
allows terrorist groups resident in its territory to receive and ship goods,
including weapons, in and out of the country. Additionally, the Syrian
government provided diplomatic, political and material support to Hizballah in
Lebanon and allowed Iran to supply this organization with weapons. Weapons flow
from Iran through Syria, and directly from Syria, to Hizballah despite UN
Security Council resolution 1701 of 2006, which imposes an arms embargo on
Lebanon except with the consent of the Lebanese government … Syria has
maintained its ties with its strategic ally, and fellow state sponsor of
terrorism, Iran.</quote>.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H77125B92251043EAA54251926E098BA8"><enum>(5)</enum><text>The Department of
State’s <quote>Country Reports on Terrorism</quote> for 2009 state that
<quote>The existence of foreign fighter facilitation networks in Syria [for
entry into Iraq] … remains troubling … Syria has long provided sanctuary and
political support for certain former Iraqi regime elements (FRE) … In 2008, the
United States designated several Iraqis and Iraqi-owned entities residing in
Syria under Executive Order 13438 for providing financial, material, and
technical support for acts of violence that threatened the peace and stability
of Iraq … Additionally, the United States designated one Syria-based individual
in 2007 under E.O. 13224 for providing financial and material support to AQI
and six others under E.O. 13315 as FRE or family members of FRE, some of whom
had provided financial assistance to the Iraqi insurgency.</quote>.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H8F8811515B3445DF94AE95418FAE4EA4"><enum>(6)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">According to the <quote>Message and Notice
from the President on the Continuation of the National Emergency with Respect
to Syria</quote> dated April 29, 2011, the Government of Syria is
<quote>damaging the Lebanese government’s ability to function</quote>.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H8637969169AF4E4A82C1D62A58365521"><enum>(7)</enum><text>According to the
Office of the Director of National Intelligence’s <quote>Unclassified Report to
Congress on the Acquisition of Technology Relating to Weapons of Mass
Destruction and Advanced Conventional Munitions</quote> for the year 2010,
<quote>Syria … was engaged for more than a decade in a covert nuclear program
with North Korean assistance. The program involved construction of a nuclear
reactor at Al Kibar without informing the IAEA and while taking measures to
preserve the site’s secrecy. We assess the reactor would have been capable of
producing plutonium for nuclear weapons. The reactor was destroyed in September
2007, before it became operational, and Syria went to great lengths to try to
eradicate evidence of its existence and remains generally uncooperative with
the IAEA investigation. The covert nature of the program, the characteristics
of the reactor, and Syria’s extreme efforts to deny and destroy evidence of the
reactor after its destruction are inconsistent with peaceful nuclear
applications.</quote>.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H5A54D683492F48E98B9D2B2AC61D8EB6"><enum>(8)</enum><text>According to the
Office of the Director of National Intelligence’s <quote>Unclassified Report to
Congress on the Acquisition of Technology Relating to Weapons of Mass
Destruction and Advanced Conventional Munitions</quote> for the year 2010,
<quote>Syria possesses one of the largest ballistic missile forces in the
Middle East, including liquid-propellant Scud SRBMs and Scud-class variants
such as Scud C and D. Syria also fields the SS–21 solid-propellant SRBM. Syria
remains dependent on foreign suppliers such as North Korea and Iran for some
ballistic missile technology; however, Syria has growing domestic capabilities
and poses the risk of missile proliferation.</quote>.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H5548985925C048A98F4D20157EBA2DD1"><enum>(9)</enum><text>According to the
Office of the Director of National Intelligence’s <quote>Unclassified Report to
Congress on the Acquisition of Technology Relating to Weapons of Mass
Destruction and Advanced Conventional Munitions</quote> for the year 2010,
<quote>Syria continue[s] to seek dual-use technology from foreign sources …
Syria has had a [chemical weapons] program for many years and has a stockpile
of [chemical weapons] agents, which can be delivered by aerial bombs, ballistic
missiles, and artillery rockets … Syria’s biotechnical infrastructure is
capable of supporting [biological weapons] agent development.</quote>.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H21672E7FB9724E218CCD634357F4624A"><enum>(10)</enum><text>Under the Treaty
on the NonProliferation of Nuclear Weapons (21 U.S.T. 483), which entered force
on March 5, 1970, and to which Syria is a party, Syria has undertaken not to
acquire or produce nuclear weapons and has accepted full scope safeguards of
the International Atomic Energy Agency to detect diversions of nuclear
materials from peaceful activities to the production of nuclear weapons or
other nuclear explosive devices.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HA593BB69E07548259C8480B10995A0A5"><enum>(11)</enum><text>Syria is not a
party to the Chemical Weapons Convention or the Biological Weapons Convention,
which entered into force on April 29, 1997, and on March 26, 1975,
respectively.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H9E1DC066F74F40C6B5C919E4C13E372A"><enum>(12)</enum><text>According to the
Department of State’s 2010 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices,
<quote>[Syria is] under the authoritarian regime of President Bashar al-Asad …
[In 2010, t]he government systematically repressed citizens’ ability to change
their government. The security forces committed arbitrary or unlawful killings,
caused politically motivated disappearances, and tortured and physically abused
prisoners and detainees with impunity. Security forces arrested and detained
individuals under poor conditions without due process. Lengthy pretrial and
incommunicado detention remained a serious problem. The judiciary was not
independent. There were political prisoners and detainees, and during the year
the government sentenced to prison several high-profile members of the human
rights and civil society communities. The government violated citizens’ privacy
rights. The government imposed severe restrictions on civil liberties: freedoms
of speech and press, including Internet and academic freedom; freedoms of
assembly and of association, including severe restrictions on nongovernmental
organizations (NGOs); and freedoms of religion and movement. An atmosphere of
corruption pervaded the government. Violence and societal discrimination
against women continued, as did sexual exploitation, increasingly of Iraqi
refugees, including minors. The government discriminated against minorities,
particularly Kurds, and severely restricted workers rights.</quote>.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H449F3ACA218842E79709E0DDA528C15F"><enum>(13)</enum><text>Since March of
2011, the Government of Syria has expanded its repression and human rights
violations, killing hundreds of Syrians and reportedly detaining or imprisoning
many others.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H7E260183594046EB864E1A264BBAEDBC"><enum>(14)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In May of 2011, the European Union imposed
sanctions on a number of Syrian officials, including the President of Syria,
and other Syrian persons for their role in human rights abuses.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HAD54893C61E74A9486AFE9073FAA8F0D"><enum>(15)</enum><text>The Government of
Syria remains dependent on Syria’s energy sector for revenue, even as Syria’s
petroleum production has largely declined in recent years due to diminishing
reserves and limited refining capacity.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HCC3EEBD8CE0043B6BCEB0D5D77DE0B7F"><enum>(16)</enum><text>The Government of
Syria’s ability to generate additional revenue for its threatening activities,
via expanding Syria’s refining capacity and significantly increasing petroleum
production and exports, is heavily dependent on obtaining increased foreign
investment in Syria’s energy sector.</text>
</paragraph></section><section id="H5EDC7DDC88CA44E6BCB116C67137ED8C"><enum>102.</enum><header>Declarations of
policy</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Congress makes the
following declarations of policy:</text>
<paragraph id="HA66E27DF54E34A62A131A2DE7AEB748B"><enum>(1)</enum><text>The actions of the
Government of the Syria, including its support for, and facilitation of,
terrorist activities, including inside of Iraq, its development of long-range
missiles and weapons of mass destruction programs and capabilities, its
continued interference with the internal affairs of the Lebanese Republic in
violation of multiple United Nations Security Council resolutions and of its
international obligations, and its massive, systematic, and extraordinary
violations of human rights of the Syrian people, are a threat to the national
security of the United States and international peace.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HDC52E7EB14CB42FEB6C7D228FEEB3BB6"><enum>(2)</enum><text>The policy of the
United States shall be to deny the Government of Syria the ability to carry out
the following:</text>
<subparagraph id="HE928324B2B29445AB0E96F0117CA621F"><enum>(A)</enum><text>To finance,
provide safe-haven, or otherwise support terrorist organizations.</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H45370F75A30B44BE994081866578543A"><enum>(B)</enum><text>To develop
chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear weapons and long-range ballistic
missiles.</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H98BCC471806C44F2BD17D4E76BF33240"><enum>(C)</enum><text>To continue to
interfere in the affairs of the Government of Lebanon in contravention of
multiple United Nations Security Council resolutions and other pertinent
obligations.</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H075AED929EE14F89B83FD54496CA4A75"><enum>(D)</enum><text>To continue to
oppress the people of Syria.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HA67087542A2943EC88E2BAB180B486BC"><enum>(3)</enum><text>The President
should advocate for, and should instruct the United States Permanent
Representative to the United Nations to propose and seek within the United
Nations Security Council, a mandatory international embargo against the
Government of Syria, pursuant to Article 41 of the Charter of the United
Nations.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H16E943A9FFA942AFBA5C54CF79D4046A"><enum>(4)</enum><text>Any effort by a
country that is a recipient of United States assistance to facilitate, directly
or indirectly, the development of Syria’s chemical, biological, radiological,
or nuclear weapons capabilities, long-range ballistic missile development
programs, or to help make operational any nuclear facility in Syria will have a
detrimental impact on United States assistance to, or commercial and financial
relations with, such country.</text>
</paragraph></section><section id="HA601818F3F224683AE38531A0BFCAB3D"><enum>103.</enum><header>Codification of
existing sanctions and continuation of restrictions against the Government of
Syria</header>
<subsection id="H044ADE4371EA462AA5C7FF05E7C63A80"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Restrictions
relating to certain provisions of law</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Restrictions against the Government of
Syria, and on persons by reason of their direction of, or contribution to,
activities of the Government of Syria, that were imposed pursuant to the Code
of Federal Regulations, sections 4 and 5 of Executive Order 12938, sections 1,
2, and 3 of Executive Order 13338, section 1 of Executive Order 13399, sections
1 and 2 of Executive Order 13460, Executive Order 13572, Executive Order 13573,
section 311 of the USA PATRIOT Act (Public Law 107–56, 115 Stat. 272), the
Export Administration Act of 1979 (Public Law 96–72, 50 U.S.C. App. 2401 et
seq.), the Syria Accountability and Lebanese Sovereignty Restoration Act of
2003 (Public Law 108–175, 22 U.S.C. 2151 note), the Iran, North Korea, and
Syria Nonproliferation Act (Public Law 106–178, 50 U.S.C. 1701 note), or any
similar provision of law, as in effect on the date of the enactment of this
Act, shall remain in effect and may not be lifted pursuant to such provisions
of law until the President certifies to the appropriate congressional
committees that the Government of Syria—</text>
<paragraph id="HE22551D4F07842F4B7A20E60EE34BF3C"><enum>(1)</enum><text>has ceased all
support for terrorism, including by meeting the requirements of paragraphs (2),
(3), and (4) of subsection (b), and has not provided such support during the
preceding 5-year period and has not been determined by the Secretary of State,
for the purposes of section 6(j) of the Export Administration Act of 1979,
section 620A of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, section 40 of the Arms
Export Control Act, or any other provision of law, to be a government that has
repeatedly provided support for acts of international terrorism at any time
during such 5-year period;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H398539CD1EBB4E10BD8430F57B57CD21"><enum>(2)</enum><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="yes-display-inline" id="H0209C9A8316C4DC883E6DF189EB67792"><enum>(A)</enum><text>has permanently
dismantled Syria’s chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear weapons
programs;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H4CAEADB0E3DC4E6FAC2B6535C71C19A6" indent="up1"><enum>(B)</enum><text>has ceased all efforts to design,
develop, manufacture, or acquire—</text>
<clause id="HB9999B66938A47E89378F56BD7BFEF88"><enum>(i)</enum><text>a nuclear explosive device or
related materials and technology;</text>
</clause><clause id="H2BAAB74243534F54AB355ED28B993BF2"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>chemical, biological, and
radiological weapons; and</text>
</clause><clause id="H60E6CB7900B8468382CE2B58F8FCA790"><enum>(iii)</enum><text>ballistic missiles and ballistic
missile launch technology; and</text>
</clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H57EFD7C9F3EA484EADFD3F409146BBAC" indent="up1"><enum>(C)</enum><text>has taken demonstrable steps to combat
the proliferation of such weapons;</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H2226E5B8FC244654986584572F9AF0EB"><enum>(3)</enum><text>does not pose a
threat to United States national security, United States interests, and United
States allies in the region;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H2F225DD699124972ADEF93D1CCDBE7E9"><enum>(4)</enum><text>respects the
boundaries, sovereignty, and right to exist of all neighboring
countries;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H6BFB202415B5435EA6AAC05262A501E9"><enum>(5)</enum><text>upholds and
defends the human rights and civil liberties of its people;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HD7059449C9D44ACBB0810FEA8186F605"><enum>(6)</enum><text>has legalized all
political activity;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HEC69CDED212F46608067C7F4CA5D7C59"><enum>(7)</enum><text>has made public
commitments to organizing free and fair elections for a new government—</text>
<subparagraph id="H5DB872F14EA54566A902EDA4D602BF5B"><enum>(A)</enum><text>to be held within
a period not to exceed 180 days after the date on which the President makes the
determination and certification to the appropriate congressional committees
under this subsection;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H26F4BA3B2CB04DCDBC5D7CCD953946CE"><enum>(B)</enum><text>with the
participation of multiple independent political parties that have full access
to the media on an equal basis, including (in the case of radio, television, or
other telecommunications media) in terms of allotments of time for such access
and the times of day such allotments are given; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H7759E68F8047484FA454851ACA6A712B"><enum>(C)</enum><text>to be conducted
under the supervision of internationally recognized observers; and</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H48F06FD6B4714525AE05BB6F4E7E447C"><enum>(8)</enum><text>made public
commitments to and is making demonstrable progress in—</text>
<subparagraph id="H9EE09F4B9B9E42898F16DB678DF857D8"><enum>(A)</enum><text>establishing an
independent judiciary; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HFC8D7959EF47471E94DBEEC54F92CC68"><enum>(B)</enum><text>respecting
internationally recognized human rights and basic freedoms as recognized in the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H8CD8572540B14FE3B8A71D579AC8DADB"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Restrictions
relating to state sponsor of terrorism determination</header><text>Restrictions
against the Government of Syria that were imposed by reason of a determination
by the Secretary of State that the Government of Syria, for purposes of section
6(j) of the Export Administration Act of 1979 (as continued in effect pursuant
to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act), section 40 of the Arms
Export Control Act, section 620A of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, or
other provision of law, is a government that has repeatedly provided support
for acts of international terrorism, shall remain in effect, and shall not be
lifted pursuant to such provisions of law, unless the President certifies to
the appropriate congressional committees that the Government of Syria—</text>
<paragraph id="H70F5FB3F0E45429DAFA36F1391EFCFB1"><enum>(1)</enum><text>is not engaged in
the illegal transfer of missile or nuclear technology to the Government of
North Korea or to any country the government of which the Secretary of State
has determined, for purposes of any of the provisions of law specified in the
matter preceding this paragraph, is a government that has repeatedly provided
support for acts of international terrorism;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HA64AB86BC48141C7B5CF8EF79B51680C"><enum>(2)</enum><text>is no longer
engaged in training, harboring, supplying, financing, or supporting in any
way—</text>
<subparagraph id="H1BF7915E86AD458296466B9AB5DEF351"><enum>(A)</enum><text>Hamas, Hezbollah,
Palestinian Islamic Jihad, the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine,
the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine-General Command, the
Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine, Fatah al-Intifada, or Fatah
al-Islam;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HFFAF0E1506CD4F9BAF0BDD2E5D409511"><enum>(B)</enum><text>any other
organization designated by the Secretary of State as a foreign terrorist
organization in accordance with section 219(a) of the Immigration and
Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1189(a));</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H5B0B09D735CE4DDD90F745ED1647228D"><enum>(C)</enum><text>any person
included on the Annex to Executive Order 13224 (September 23, 2001) and any
other person identified under section 1 of that Executive Order whose property
and interests in property are blocked by such section (commonly known as a
<quote>specially designated global terrorist</quote>);</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H613046076B8E426ABC5C2AEE27D6459D"><enum>(D)</enum><text>any person
designated under section 3 of Executive Order 13338 (May 13, 2004) or under
section 1 of Executive Order 13438 (July 17, 2007);</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HC5AC6E33A2CE4DD597A4B430D13D1F3E"><enum>(E)</enum><text>the Syrian Social
Nationalist Party;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H4F9154B0F71944A68D1E025588593651"><enum>(F)</enum><text>any other person
or organization contributing to instability in Lebanon or Iraq; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H524EB9EA93D84965B593863B92A75853"><enum>(G)</enum><text>any agency,
instrumentality, affiliate, or successor organization of the organizations
listed in subparagraph (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), or (F);</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HADF87615761F443B874D2F330E386C19"><enum>(3)</enum><text>has immediately
and unconditionally stopped facilitating transit from Syria to Iraq of
individuals, military equipment, and all lethal items, except as authorized by
the representative, internationally recognized Government of Iraq; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H2903EE4E6244460882FE65CB326DAFDE"><enum>(4)</enum><text>has ceased its
support for <quote>volunteers</quote> and terrorists who are traveling from and
through Syria into Iraq to launch attacks.</text>
</paragraph></subsection></section><section id="HBE50F63C21B94BB995006D04C6FED168"><enum>104.</enum><header>Mandatory
sanctions with respect to development of weapons of mass destruction or other
military capabilities</header>
<subsection id="H8312BE14D388446D82121D992432CFF4"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the President
shall impose the sanctions described in subsection (b) if the President
determines that a person has, on or after the date of the enactment of this Act
exported, transferred, or otherwise provided to Syria any goods, services,
technology, or other items knowing that the provision of such goods, services,
technology, or other items would contribute materially to the ability of Syria
to—</text>
<paragraph id="HBFD6C2248A5D41EBBF6CFC3DD020A3B3"><enum>(1)</enum><text>acquire or develop
chemical, biological, or nuclear weapons or related technologies; or</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H45CD36567055429291C62D6DB80DC2F8"><enum>(2)</enum><text>acquire or develop
destabilizing numbers and types of advanced conventional weapons.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" id="H0C0810A01632497D86A43047E8001137"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Sanctions</header><text>The
sanctions to be imposed on a person described in subsection (a) are the
following:</text>
<paragraph commented="no" id="H84EB77B354AF421E93B7ABE7F9236CCB"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Export-Import
Bank assistance for exports to sanctioned persons</header><text>The President
may direct the Export-Import Bank of the United States not to give approval to
the issuance of any guarantee, insurance, extension of credit, or participation
in the extension of credit in connection with the export of any goods or
services to any sanctioned person.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H3BD88EFCD280454AB135A025B8212A5D"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Export
sanction</header>
<subparagraph display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H273E44002EC44BDDBA68E121B418E491"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In
general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The President may
order the United States Government not to issue any specific license and not to
grant any other specific permission or authority to export any goods or
technology to a sanctioned person under—</text>
<clause commented="no" id="H1A41F5FD90FA451B9E6EBC143622478A"><enum>(i)</enum><text>the Export
Administration Act of 1979;</text>
</clause><clause commented="no" id="H605E6DABBEF14344A874A58711739FE1"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>the Arms Export
Control Act;</text>
</clause><clause commented="no" id="H820DEAF701DA4EE8A632C169DD121670"><enum>(iii)</enum><text>the Atomic
Energy Act of 1954; or</text>
</clause><clause commented="no" id="H06906E811547457892FDC46C3FD7BA7D"><enum>(iv)</enum><text>any other statute
that requires the prior review and approval of the United States Government as
a condition for the export or re-export of goods or services.</text>
</clause></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="HA0894EC965954F38BA44DDFBB8AA52B5"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Exceptions</header><text>The
prohibition in subparagraph (A) does not apply to exports to Syria of—</text>
<clause commented="no" id="HEA414479AAC14575AB5B942BCA8F1D7E"><enum>(i)</enum><text>agricultural
commodities, food, medicine, or medical devices;</text>
</clause><clause commented="no" id="H35A3630F24C54927A5C7C3E3B8EDCEB5"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>articles exported
to Syria to provide humanitarian assistance to the people of Syria;</text>
</clause><clause commented="no" id="HD69577C2EF9F4B9F855A5A2B61D4F14B"><enum>(iii)</enum><text>information or
informational materials; or</text>
</clause><clause commented="no" id="H38A95F29907A4292AFE853D68A689822"><enum>(iv)</enum><text>goods, services,
or technologies necessary to ensure the safe operation of commercial passenger
aircraft produced in the United States if the exportation of such goods,
services, or technologies is approved by the Secretary of the Treasury, in
consultation with the Secretary of Commerce, pursuant to regulations for
licensing the exportation of such goods, services, or technologies, if
appropriate.</text>
</clause></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="HBAAEE2AE565C4055BC477F4E2648E501"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Loans from
united states financial institutions</header><text>The United States Government
may prohibit any United States financial institution from making loans or
providing credits to any sanctioned person totaling more than $2,000,000 in any
12-month period unless such person is engaged in activities to relieve human
suffering and the loans or credits are provided for such activities.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H56A92D7910A34ED0A39F40CEDD5AB2D3"><enum>(4)</enum><header>Prohibitions on
financial institutions</header><text>The following prohibitions may be imposed
against a sanctioned person that is a financial institution:</text>
<subparagraph commented="no" id="HF4F43708B005457DAE269316D9A9D2C1"><enum>(A)</enum><header>Prohibition on
designation as primary dealer</header><text>Neither the Board of Governors of
the Federal Reserve System nor the Federal Reserve Bank of New York may
designate, or permit the continuation of any prior designation of, such
financial institution as a primary dealer in United States Government debt
instruments.</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="HA1CBB9BC378D4B4F9C9AF0356C19D8A0"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Prohibition on
service as a repository of government funds</header><text>Such financial
institution may not serve as agent of the United States Government or serve as
repository for United States Government funds.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="HCB7E1A7F6828411DA671F16C4EDFBF4C"><enum>(5)</enum><header>Procurement
sanction</header><text>The United States Government may not procure, or enter
into any contract for the procurement of, any goods or services from a
sanctioned person.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="HF4D45EA911264A148C4419E37540FED1"><enum>(6)</enum><header>Foreign
exchange</header><text>The President shall prohibit any transactions in foreign
exchange that are subject to the jurisdiction of the United States and in which
the sanctioned person has any interest.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="HBE59EE10AA5B470495309D902C2BCA99"><enum>(7)</enum><header>Banking
transactions</header><text>The President shall prohibit any transfers of credit
or payments between financial institutions or by, through, or to any financial
institution, to the extent that such transfers or payments are subject to the
jurisdiction of the United States and involve any interest of the sanctioned
person.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H0662DE9220414995A58E994BA5796422"><enum>(8)</enum><header>Property
transactions</header><text>The President shall prohibit any person from—</text>
<subparagraph commented="no" id="H176A65411A1F4613BC177A00EA5A322E"><enum>(A)</enum><text>acquiring,
holding, withholding, using, transferring, withdrawing, transporting,
importing, or exporting any property that is subject to the jurisdiction of the
United States and with respect to which the sanctioned person has any
interest;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="H0F930343FE614F2CB655927BD30229F8"><enum>(B)</enum><text>dealing in or
exercising any right, power, or privilege with respect to such property;
or</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="H0689FEE947DD4609A647700430933022"><enum>(C)</enum><text>conducting any
transaction involving such property.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H0342F4FEFADA4653B4F92420227D85A7"><enum>(9)</enum><header>Additional
sanctions</header><text>The President may impose sanctions, as appropriate, to
restrict imports with respect to a sanctioned person, in accordance with the
International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 and
following).</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HC37BD58A17CA41A0A820AC2CD58518C2"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Additional
mandatory sanctions relating to transfer of nuclear technology</header>
<paragraph id="H3E2EFB31A0C8431E8B57A5FBAFF48B46"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>Except as provided in paragraphs (2) and (3), in any case
in which a person is subject to sanctions under subsection (a) because of an
activity described in that subsection that relates to the acquisition or
development of nuclear weapons or related technology or of missiles or advanced
conventional weapons that are designed or modified to deliver a nuclear weapon,
with respect to the country the government of which has primary jurisdiction
over the person, the following shall apply:</text>
<subparagraph id="H395A23BA6AD04CBDAC383C54ECBC02A7"><enum>(A)</enum><text>No license may be
issued for the export, and no approval may be given for the transfer or
retransfer, directly or indirectly, to such country of any nuclear material,
facilities, components, or other goods, services, or technology that are or
would be subject to an agreement for cooperation between the United States and
that government.</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HED30D9762C564B30BFEF1E51B2A452F1"><enum>(B)</enum><text>The United States
Government shall suspend compliance with its obligations under any memorandum
of understanding with such country for the codevelopment or coproduction of any
item on the United States Munitions List (established under section 38 of the
Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2778)), including any obligation for
implementation of such memorandum of understanding through the sale to such
country of technical data or assistance or the licensing for export to such
country of any component part.</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H1B5BB7F0E65149A38023736532D94BF2"><enum>(C)</enum><text>No item on the
United States Munitions List (established pursuant to section 38 of the Arms
Export Control Act) may be exported to such country.</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HF89F3EEAC63547F89AD6B841F4C385E8"><enum>(D)</enum><text>The United States
Government shall not issue any license for any export by or to such
country.</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H4797A9327C5747639059C8CBE745DFE6"><enum>(E)</enum><text>The President
shall ban the importation of any article that is a product of such
country.</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H2EFB0BA7CC764525BD294A8B726C5152"><enum>(F)</enum><text>The Secretary of
the Treasury shall instruct the United States Executive Director at each
international financial institution (as defined in section 1701(c)(2) of the
International Financial Institutions Act) to oppose and vote against the
extension by such institution of any financial or technical assistance to such
country.</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="H8F225C81876F4D5AAB90AF2623FB574D"><enum>(G)</enum><text>The United States
Government shall suspend compliance with its obligations under any technical
exchange agreement involving military and dual-use technology between the
United States and such country that does not directly contribute to the
national security of the United States, and no military or dual-use technology
may be exported from the United States to such country pursuant to such
agreement during such period.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HBCCEC28DB7FB47A0B0F184C01999406C"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Exception</header><text>The
sanctions described in paragraph (1) shall not apply with respect to a country
the government of which has primary jurisdiction over a person that engages in
an activity described in that subparagraph if the President determines and
notifies the appropriate congressional committees that the government of the
country—</text>
<subparagraph id="HD156BAA9049149CF8EB19646B422D0AB"><enum>(A)</enum><text>does not know or
have reason to know about the activity; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HE9246653B78346F29DF6FCD465B572AD"><enum>(B)</enum><text>has taken, or is
taking, all reasonable steps necessary to prevent a recurrence of the activity
and to penalize the person for the activity.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H3297129B1F8A4E839ADB819C891B61FB"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Individual
approval</header><text>Notwithstanding paragraph (1), the President may, on a
case-by-case basis, approve the issuance of a license for the export, or
approve the transfer or retransfer, of any nuclear material, facilities,
components, or other goods, services, or technology that are or would be
subject to an agreement for cooperation, to a person in a country to which
paragraph (1) applies (other than a person that is subject to the sanctions
under paragraph (1)) if the President—</text>
<subparagraph id="H33A3B9FC1490473B8414AF1CCF070AA9"><enum>(A)</enum><text>determines that
failure to approve the issuance of such license, or to approve such transfer or
retransfer, would cause extraordinary harm to the vital national security
interests of the United States; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H582BFDF0E1D2401FB332FCFB480E5E3F"><enum>(B)</enum><text>not later than 15
days before issuing such license or approving such transfer or retransfer,
submits to the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives and
the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate the justification for
approving such license, transfer, or retransfer.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HA809F0C26DBB4219AB20ADA327CE873C"><enum>(4)</enum><header>Construction</header><text>The
restrictions in paragraph (1) shall apply in addition to all other applicable
procedures, requirements, and restrictions contained in the Atomic Energy Act
of 1954 and other related laws.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HDD62BB108C5F4B58A62715C55A8D8003"><enum>(5)</enum><header>Definition</header><text>In
this subsection, the term <term>agreement for cooperation</term> has the
meaning given that term in section 11 b. of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42
U.S.C. 2014 b.).</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H6FBED3BC727E4BD581D566BA6607F00D"><enum>(6)</enum><header>Applicability</header><text>The
sanctions under paragraph (1) shall apply only in a case in which a person is
subject to sanctions under subsection (a) because of an activity described in
that subsection in which the person engages on or after the date of the
enactment of this Act.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HF3A3DC8017F74580AB4EB09312A2107D"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Persons against
which the sanctions are To be imposed</header><text>The sanctions described in
subsection (a) shall be imposed on—</text>
<paragraph id="H039AFD84EB72453EAECC0A1F07B00B76"><enum>(1)</enum><text>any person the
President determines has carried out the activities described in subsection
(a); and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H40EBE46D5277416F91D1769384E39427"><enum>(2)</enum><text>any person
that—</text>
<subparagraph id="H0F19A3E4028948C28A544914332B340F"><enum>(A)</enum><text>is a successor
entity to the person referred to in paragraph (1);</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HB4EC7E659DF94842919D0D359DC39466"><enum>(B)</enum><text>owns or controls
the person referred to in paragraph (1), if the person that owns or controls
the person referred to in paragraph (1) had actual knowledge or should have
known that the person referred to in paragraph (1) engaged in the activities
referred to in that paragraph; or</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H36D407EDD11B4659951C4348083ED1B2"><enum>(C)</enum><text>is owned or
controlled by, or under common ownership or control with, the person referred
to in paragraph (1), if the person owned or controlled by, or under common
ownership or control with (as the case may be), the person referred to in
paragraph (1) knowingly engaged in the activities referred to in that
paragraph.</text>
</subparagraph><continuation-text continuation-text-level="paragraph">For purposes
of this Act, any person or entity described in this subsection shall be
referred to as a <quote>sanctioned person</quote>.</continuation-text></paragraph></subsection></section><section id="HA040CE9FD7B14F288F878B412A9A2617"><enum>105.</enum><header>Amendment to
the Syria Accountability and Lebanese Sovereignty Restoration Act of
2003</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Section 5 of the Syria
Accountability and Lebanese Sovereignty Restoration Act is amended—</text>
<paragraph id="H0BB394F98E5D4DF5B4F3CA78D2705C20"><enum>(1)</enum><text>in subsection (a),
in paragraph (2), by striking <quote>two</quote> and inserting
<quote>four</quote>; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HA710862D49614DEFAC0525662141A340"><enum>(2)</enum><text>by striking
subsection (b) and redesignating subsections (c) and (d) as subsections (b) and
(c), respectively.</text>
</paragraph></section><enum>II</enum><header>Sanctions
targeting Syria's energy sector</header>
<section id="HBAF7F311C308438498C797DC407BF386"><enum>201.</enum><header>Findings</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Congress makes the following
findings:</text>
<paragraph id="H7792398D329241EF95A1A0E9F8EDB1C0"><enum>(1)</enum><text>The efforts of the
Government of Syria to acquire nuclear weapons capabilities, develop and expand
existing unconventional weapons capabilities and the means to deliver them,
both through ballistic missile and asymmetric means, and its support for
foreign terrorist organizations and other extremists endanger the national
security and foreign policy interests of the United States and those countries
with which the United States shares common strategic and foreign policy
objectives.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H2906A14CC5444E8EB2AC7E1852ECC176"><enum>(2)</enum><text>The objective of
preventing the proliferation of nuclear weapons capabilities, other
unconventional weapons and activities of foreign terrorist organizations and
other extremists through existing multilateral and bilateral initiatives
requires additional efforts to deny Syria the financial means to sustain its
nuclear, chemical, biological, and missile weapons programs.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HA19A6E58B17E4192AA28226FA6E0976D"><enum>(3)</enum><text>The Government of
Syria uses its diplomatic facilities and quasi-governmental institutions
outside of Syria to support foreign terrorist organizations and other
extremists, and assist its nuclear, unconventional weapons and missile
programs.</text>
</paragraph></section><section id="H267B28306BC94D8DBF05E9E95DF8719A"><enum>202.</enum><header>Sense of
Congress</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">It is the sense of
Congress that the United States shall fully implement the sanctions against
Syria contained in this title.</text>
</section><section id="H468E031635144C35A2801AF1DF7F099C"><enum>203.</enum><header>Declaration of
policy</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">The Congress declares
that it is the policy of the United States to deny Syria the ability to support
acts of foreign terrorist organizations and extremists, develop unconventional
weapons and ballistic missiles, and to fund the development and acquisition of
nuclear capabilities and the means to deliver them by limiting the development
of Syria’s ability to explore for, extract, refine, or transport by pipeline
petroleum resources of Syria.</text>
</section><section id="H7D199E77B8764E27BDA2587704079F09"><enum>204.</enum><header>Multilateral
regime</header>
<subsection id="HFBC204A93C4F47078AA42C85E99F8A96"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Multilateral
negotiations</header><text>In order to further the objectives of section 102,
the Congress urges the President to commence immediately diplomatic efforts,
both in appropriate international fora such as the United Nations, and
bilaterally with allies of the United States, to establish a multilateral
sanctions regime against Syria, including provisions limiting the development
of petroleum resources, that will inhibit Syria’s efforts to carry out
activities described in section 203.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="H1D1B814D76EF49E39ACA19191B73B884"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Reports to
congress</header><text>The President shall report to the appropriate
congressional committees, not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment
of this Act, and annually thereafter, on the extent that diplomatic efforts
described in subsection (a) have been successful. Each report shall
include—</text>
<paragraph id="H859D0B71CC734C0BAF61B7965D36B225"><enum>(1)</enum><text>the countries that
have agreed to undertake measures to further the objectives of section 102 with
respect to Syria, and a description of those measures; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HA38DC96BA3A348D69E076EA1BD03DAB9"><enum>(2)</enum><text>the countries that
have not agreed to measures described in paragraph (1), and, with respect to
those countries, other measures the President recommends that the United States
take to further the objectives of section 203 with respect to Syria.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H1F5172515C4742F7AA1FD60240171CE2"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Interim report
on multilateral sanctions; monitoring</header><text>The President, not later
than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, shall report to the
appropriate congressional committees on—</text>
<paragraph id="H7F9C96BFE5284151A5EBA5BABDFA99AE"><enum>(1)</enum><text>which countries
have legislative or administrative standards providing for the imposition of
trade sanctions on persons or their affiliates doing business or having
investments in Syria;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H91646401EBA84DC4A058874AD6DD3230"><enum>(2)</enum><text>the extent and
duration of each instance of the application of such sanctions; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H0B8F84104BD041C5899E06AFE9601A65"><enum>(3)</enum><text>the disposition of
any decision with respect to such sanctions by the World Trade Organization or
its predecessor organization.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H7330D041429A45AAAC2EBD4BB94D7C69"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Investigations</header>
<paragraph id="H3082B0FF3CEC4F05812E8DD4C4DC2734"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>The President shall initiate an investigation into the
possible imposition of sanctions under section 205 against a person upon
receipt by the United States of credible information indicating that such
person is engaged in an activity described in such section.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H2E5B874F9CF34EE3B02C453E9E5175AF"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Credible
Information</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The term
<term>credible information</term> means, with respect to a person, such
person’s public announcement of an activity described in section 205, Syrian
governmental announcements of such an activity, reports to stockholders, annual
reports, industry reports, Government Accountability Office products, and trade
publications.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H424ACE8D811D428CA52BB22ABF83930E"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Determination
and notification</header><text>Not later than 180 days after an investigation
is initiated in accordance with paragraph (1), the President shall (unless
paragraph (3) applies) determine, pursuant to section 205, if a person has
engaged in an activity described in such section and shall notify the
appropriate congressional committees of the basis for any such
determination.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HB201CE6F6B0549E9AF0DC150D4A61A21"><enum>(4)</enum><header>Briefing</header><text>Not
later than 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and quarterly
thereafter, the Secretary of State shall—</text>
<subparagraph id="HB43645C9DCA741D79FF11FFE69DA945D"><enum>(A)</enum><text>brief the
appropriate congressional committees regarding investigations initiated under
this section; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H2ED77C79D902475FB74D7F9AC195B290"><enum>(B)</enum><text>furnish to the
appropriate congressional committees, pursuant to section 15(b) of the State
Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C. 2680(b)), all requested
information relating to investigations or reviews initiated under this
Act.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph></subsection></section><section id="H0BC2833EC6114163ADC9CE533EF0CF5A"><enum>205.</enum><header>Imposition of
sanctions</header>
<subsection id="HD4534A2ACC6C45899BA5C9FD8816B7EC"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Sanctions with
respect to the development of petroleum resources of Syria, production of
refined petroleum products in Syria, and exportation of refined petroleum
products to Syria</header>
<paragraph id="H64EBE3944BF9415D930E8E51B6DE3442"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Development of
petroleum resources of Syria</header>
<subparagraph id="H5DFF5EA01C364C979365C3EE4F647F89"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>Except as provided in subsection (g) or (h), the
President shall impose the sanctions described in section 206(a) with respect
to a person if the President determines that the person knowingly, on or after
the date of the enactment of this Act—</text>
<clause id="H47B29B7395D94C67AC4A8F0F0C9A18DC"><enum>(i)</enum><text>makes an
investment described in subparagraph (B) of $5,000,000 or more; or</text>
</clause><clause id="HEB10D9896D254A8B9132869CFAE129A0"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>makes a
combination of investments described in subparagraph (B) in a 12-month period
if each such investment is of at least $2,000,000 and such investments equal or
exceed $5,000,000 in the aggregate.</text>
</clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H1A5AFB46CC924B60B2DB85BFE3FB71F1"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Investment
described</header><text>An investment described in this subparagraph is an
investment that directly and significantly contributes to the enhancement of
Syria’s ability to develop petroleum resources.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HD96CD032ADBD4BD79C8DF87505365538"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Production of
refined petroleum products</header>
<subparagraph id="H89E27C32428C4F21BD48B06735B161BE"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>Except as provided in subsection (g) or (h), the
President shall impose the sanctions described in section 206(a) with respect
to a person if the President determines that the person knowingly, on or after
the date of the enactment of this Act sells, leases, or provides to Syria
goods, services, technology, information, or support described in subparagraph
(B)—</text>
<clause id="H50665EC642F24BF8A636801FE80AAD38"><enum>(i)</enum><text>any
of which has a fair market value of $1,000,000 or more; or</text>
</clause><clause id="H3D2BF5CF04FC43A0B7602D14E079FD41"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>that, during a
12-month period, have an aggregate fair market value of $2,000,000 or
more.</text>
</clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H88653533D3E6488A8A4B9A2AAE1C64C5"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Goods, services,
technology, information, or support described</header><text>Goods, services,
technology, information, or support described in this subparagraph are goods,
services, technology, information, or support that could directly and
significantly facilitate the maintenance or expansion of Syria’s domestic
production of refined petroleum products, including any direct and significant
assistance with respect to the construction, modernization, or repair of
petroleum refineries.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HCBE49C596A9B491E948889962C229B2A"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Exportation of
refined petroleum products to Syria</header>
<subparagraph id="H5E52B727D45841AA81B12C2544FE29A0"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>Except as provided in subsection (g) or (h), the
President shall impose 3 or more of the sanctions described in section 206(a)
with respect to a person if the President determines that the person knowingly,
on or after the date of the enactment of this Act—</text>
<clause id="H6C67213E66E449A7ABCBBE1728971C08"><enum>(i)</enum><text>sells or provides
to Syria refined petroleum products—</text>
<subclause id="H221A76FD731B4006A4426ABBF8DA8A37"><enum>(I)</enum><text>that have a fair
market value of $1,000,000 or more; or</text>
</subclause><subclause id="H3F14886ACC1D48A09D3B57C9B349773D"><enum>(II)</enum><text>that, during a
12-month period, have an aggregate fair market value of $5,000,000 or more;
or</text>
</subclause></clause><clause id="HA5A52673D1444605A6C59CB5C362C0FF"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>sells, leases, or
provides to Syria goods, services, technology, information, or support
described in subparagraph (B)—</text>
<subclause id="H84E577C5C9D24CED8F9B45E8636B23EA"><enum>(I)</enum><text>any of which has a
fair market value of $1,000,000 or more; or</text>
</subclause><subclause id="HCC48C4A04BAE4CF1AEDF82F82F074798"><enum>(II)</enum><text>that, during a
12-month period, have an aggregate fair market value of $5,000,000 or
more.</text>
</subclause></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HA2B6CAE78C4540AB980EDBCE5B68E2AD"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Goods, services,
technology, information, or support described</header><text>Goods, services,
technology, information, or support described in this subparagraph are goods,
services, technology, information, or support that could directly and
significantly contribute to the enhancement of Syria’s ability to import
refined petroleum products, including—</text>
<clause id="HC4B2DF58F9214966A133475C03A3BEA9"><enum>(i)</enum><text>except as provided
in subparagraph (C), underwriting or entering into a contract to provide
insurance or reinsurance for the sale, lease, or provision of such goods,
services, service contracts, technology, information, or support;</text>
</clause><clause id="H8A3166C927CB4E4EA6168E090E57CA9F"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>financing or
brokering such sale, lease, or provision;</text>
</clause><clause id="HEBC676E18AAE44E39882A12038650631"><enum>(iii)</enum><text>entering into an
agreement with Syria to purchase or provide future delivery of Syrian petroleum
resources;</text>
</clause><clause id="HF38CEF4E1C6A4467A7BD3B7C81490349"><enum>(iv)</enum><text>purchasing,
subscribing to, or facilitating the issuance of Syrian sovereign debt;
or</text>
</clause><clause id="H9E290B7B7FBF4ED5819CAC281F869E76"><enum>(v)</enum><text>providing ships or
shipping services (to include infrastructure development) to deliver refined
petroleum products to Syria.</text>
</clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H976B02649DA14CD89864061D07233F19"><enum>(C)</enum><header>Exception for
underwriters and insurance providers exercising due diligence</header><text>The
President may not impose sanctions under this paragraph with respect to a
person that provides underwriting services or insurance or reinsurance if the
President determines that the person has exercised due diligence in
establishing and enforcing official policies, procedures, and controls to
ensure that the person does not underwrite or enter into a contract to provide
insurance or reinsurance for the sale, lease, or provision of goods, services,
technology, information, or support described in subparagraph (B).</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H3DFEB6A8185A4A33BFA9DC477BFAD5DF"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Persons against
which the sanctions are To be imposed</header><text>The sanctions described in
subsection shall be imposed on—</text>
<paragraph id="HFFB106CA0E814099BD62E107048CBD0E"><enum>(1)</enum><text>any person the
President determines has carried out the activities described in subsection
(a); and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HFC9D8E349A7C4E0C8FC46545C1943390"><enum>(2)</enum><text>any person
that—</text>
<subparagraph id="H76C3A15B8D73478697B26E4CE912CBFF"><enum>(A)</enum><text>is a successor
entity to the person referred to in paragraph (1);</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HB858D7D440CA4D228F89CEA9A005C1EF"><enum>(B)</enum><text>owns or controls
the person referred to in paragraph (1), if the person that owns or controls
the person referred to in paragraph (1) had actual knowledge or should have
known that the person referred to in paragraph (1) engaged in the activities
referred to in that paragraph; or</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HF7BBDF305FD949B4B52F3ADCEC4E9A2E"><enum>(C)</enum><text>is owned or
controlled by, or under common ownership or control with, the person referred
to in paragraph (1), if the person owned or controlled by, or under common
ownership or control with (as the case may be), the person referred to in
paragraph (1) knowingly engaged in the activities referred to in that
paragraph.</text>
</subparagraph><continuation-text continuation-text-level="paragraph">For purposes
of this Act, any person or entity described in this subsection shall be
referred to as a <quote>sanctioned person</quote>.</continuation-text></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HB99CE2959AAF46F0B164A828F93C98E5"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Publication in
Federal Register</header><text>The President shall cause to be published in the
Federal Register a current list of persons and entities on which sanctions have
been imposed under this Act. The removal of persons or entities from, and the
addition of persons and entities to, the list, shall also be so
published.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="H985C2396E6A74C3DAB10B7F256E048CC"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Publication of
projects</header><text>The President shall cause to be published in the Federal
Register a list of all significant projects which have been publicly tendered
in the oil and gas sector in Syria.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="H146CACBB1AAB4A66AE7B8B77B0A8F292"><enum>(e)</enum><header>Exceptions</header><text>The
President shall not be required to apply or maintain the sanctions under
subsection (a)—</text>
<paragraph id="HFE5B70C376914124AAEAB04F6F539C67"><enum>(1)</enum><text>in the case of
procurement of defense articles or defense services—</text>
<subparagraph id="H352F16E81B344229B79835D59955C262"><enum>(A)</enum><text>under existing
contracts or subcontracts, including the exercise of options for production
quantities to satisfy requirements essential to the national security of the
United States;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H82476498308542018228CBE82388EA80"><enum>(B)</enum><text>if the President
determines in writing that the person to which the sanctions would otherwise be
applied is a sole source supplier of the defense articles or services, that the
defense articles or services are essential, and that alternative sources are
not readily or reasonably available; or</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HC5AEE6A8E9874AD09F215220E2972837"><enum>(C)</enum><text>if the President
determines in writing that such articles or services are essential to the
national security under defense coproduction agreements;</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H934709C598764BEF86B9535EB0E05E1B"><enum>(2)</enum><text>in the case of
procurement, to eligible products, as defined in section 308(4) of the Trade
Agreements Act of 1979 (19 U.S.C. 2518(4)), of any foreign country or
instrumentality designated under section 301(b) of that Act (19 U.S.C.
2511(b));</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H1A44E5813F4340A28123F9A76FBFAF46"><enum>(3)</enum><text>to products,
technology, or services provided under contracts entered into before the date
on which the President publishes in the Federal Register the name of the person
on which the sanctions are to be imposed;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H5F4E33EA1F114CA2B7C4C8DDFF621D68"><enum>(4)</enum><text>to—</text>
<subparagraph id="HAF8BB84F94B745C2B81F661A04376073"><enum>(A)</enum><text>spare parts which
are essential to United States products or production;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H62B370CDB1FB4284B1CC8F3428065646"><enum>(B)</enum><text>component parts,
but not finished products, essential to United States products or production;
or</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H83FF89FD2EF445ADBC83370F5FBA1955"><enum>(C)</enum><text>routine servicing
and maintenance of products, to the extent that alternative sources are not
readily or reasonably available;</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H486ADDD0A2004486998AF26B463B29AC"><enum>(5)</enum><text>to information and
technology essential to United States products or production; or</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H0B50264BDDDB433885D55CC9DBFE9E69"><enum>(6)</enum><text>to medicines,
medical supplies, or other humanitarian items.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HD95366883AB04C829B6095003C3877F9"><enum>(f)</enum><header>Waiver</header><text>The
President may waive the application of the sanctions listed in subsection (a)
on a case-by-case basis if, 15 days before the waiver is issued, the President
certifies to the appropriate congressional committees that failure to issue the
waiver would cause extraordinary harm to the vital national security interests
of the United States.</text>
</subsection><subsection commented="no" id="H876E0AFCD2C349B98F778071501C25F5"><enum>(g)</enum><header>Grounds for
exclusion</header><text>The Secretary of State shall deny a visa to, and the
Secretary of Homeland Security shall exclude from the United States, any alien
whom the Secretary of State determines is an alien who, on or after the date of
the enactment of this Act is a—</text>
<paragraph commented="no" id="H0CDC3922563C4E57B9D519CC3B3D68AB"><enum>(1)</enum><text>corporate officer,
principal, or shareholder with a controlling interest of a person against whom
sanctions have been imposed pursuant to this section;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H7B8C0E513FE048DC8B81FB08417F4188"><enum>(2)</enum><text>corporate officer,
principal, or shareholder with a controlling interest of a successor entity to
or a parent or subsidiary of such a person;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="HB2E15E31038741C7923861E84B70FA33"><enum>(3)</enum><text>corporate officer,
principal, or shareholder with a controlling interest of an affiliate of such a
sanctioned person, if such affiliate engaged in a sanctionable activity
described in subsection (a) or (b) of this section, and if such affiliate is
controlled in fact by such a person;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="HE14353AE1BC647AAB2CE27DE545F9636"><enum>(4)</enum><text>spouse, minor
child, or agent of a person excludable under paragraph (1), (2), or (3);</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="HF98418213DFC4A1CBB52EAD21FB9E36E"><enum>(5)</enum><text>senior official of
a foreign government that is identified as a person against whom sanctions have
been imposed pursuant to this section;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H1A6ECDDA539648AA8570C64265DD5BE7"><enum>(6)</enum><text>senior official of
a foreign government with primary jurisdiction over such a person; or</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H7DF505A200A14ACEB0FD3DF49E7BC1F7"><enum>(7)</enum><text>spouse, minor
child, or agent of a person excludable under paragraph (5) or (6).</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H680A62510BC84B58827D9AC956EE6802"><enum>(h)</enum><header>Exception</header><text>The
President may waive the sanctions described in subsection (a) with respect to a
person specified in paragraph (5), (6), or (7) of subsection (g) if the
President determines and certifies in writing to the appropriate congressional
committees, on a case by case basis, that the foreign government with primary
jurisdiction over such a person against whom sanctions have been imposed
pursuant to this section has made and continues to make clear, specific efforts
to stop and deter a sanctionable activity described in subsection (a) or
(b).</text>
</subsection></section><section id="H97229EC7D71A458CA61E8FAE1B6BD8E5"><enum>206.</enum><header>Description of
sanctions</header>
<subsection id="H8079A48609834ECDA9CA0845895132AF"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>The sanctions to be imposed on a sanctioned person under
section 205 are as follows:</text>
<paragraph id="HFB9FE1DFFABA40A3B699162409D294B3"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Export-Import
Bank assistance for exports to sanctioned persons</header><text>The President
may direct the Export-Import Bank of the United States not to give approval to
the issuance of any guarantee, insurance, extension of credit, or participation
in the extension of credit in connection with the export of any goods or
services to any sanctioned person.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H0DA0A99F34DA46D593D251343E5D673A"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Export
sanction</header><text>The President may order the United States Government not
to issue any specific license and not to grant any other specific permission or
authority to export any goods or technology to a sanctioned person
under—</text>
<subparagraph id="HC59F29CDB7C246F292284BB7C2000727"><enum>(A)</enum><text>the Export
Administration Act of 1979;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H5F13396187344F98A4EF5FEA89D01759"><enum>(B)</enum><text>the Arms Export
Control Act;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HF2EBA4AD57004B5489158BBC22B7D63F"><enum>(C)</enum><text>the Atomic Energy
Act of 1954; or</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H5333B79CFD094F2F919B5DFEB7CF8DF5"><enum>(D)</enum><text>any other statute
that requires the prior review and approval of the United States Government as
a condition for the export or re-export of goods or services.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H8D1D3EB871004B4698B1046D18D397B3"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Exceptions</header><text>The
prohibition in subsection (a) does not apply to exports to Syria of—</text>
<subparagraph id="H9150B6E11621492D9EAC91EC6133A1A3"><enum>(A)</enum><text>agricultural
commodities, food, medicine, or medical devices;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H9E6CD4C4631D46968A0FDDD3CD51ABA2"><enum>(B)</enum><text>articles exported
to Syria to provide humanitarian assistance to the people of Syria;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H0B28F9C62060423D982BB08A4E34DAD5"><enum>(C)</enum><text>information or
informational materials; or</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H5ADB0FEBA48D4159B42151CCC5925A0C"><enum>(D)</enum><text>goods, services,
or technologies necessary to ensure the safe operation of commercial passenger
aircraft produced in the United States if the exportation of such goods,
services, or technologies is approved by the Secretary of the Treasury, in
consultation with the Secretary of Commerce, pursuant to regulations for
licensing the exportation of such goods, services, or technologies, if
appropriate.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H725F22605B5B42C5B5093B05A7F2FC2B"><enum>(4)</enum><header>Loans from
United States financial institutions</header><text>The United States Government
may prohibit any United States financial institution from making loans or
providing credits to any sanctioned person totaling more than $2,000,000 in any
12-month period unless such person is engaged in activities to relieve human
suffering and the loans or credits are provided for such activities.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H13F68605A773424693516FC995DEEF93"><enum>(5)</enum><header>Prohibitions on
financial institutions</header><text>The following prohibitions may be imposed
against a sanctioned person that is a financial institution:</text>
<subparagraph id="H06D125747F2B4C24BF0F2B99A1824224"><enum>(A)</enum><header>Prohibition on
designation as primary dealer</header><text>Neither the Board of Governors of
the Federal Reserve System nor the Federal Reserve Bank of New York may
designate, or permit the continuation of any prior designation of, such
financial institution as a primary dealer in United States Government debt
instruments.</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HAD299157A7EC4EE7827685CA3A0EB665"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Prohibition on
service as a repository of government funds</header><text>Such financial
institution may not serve as agent of the United States Government or serve as
repository for United States Government funds.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HFD1214E7503B46FEA708C719D261018D"><enum>(6)</enum><header>Procurement
sanction</header><text>The United States Government may not procure, or enter
into any contract for the procurement of, any goods or services from a
sanctioned person.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H3B7FF014CBFB412A915B0822536FB155"><enum>(7)</enum><header>Foreign
exchange</header><text>The President shall prohibit any transactions in foreign
exchange that are subject to the jurisdiction of the United States and in which
the sanctioned person has any interest.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H78FF3F2A75DF4D608E9216C472370F2A"><enum>(8)</enum><header>Banking
transactions</header><text>The President shall prohibit any transfers of credit
or payments between financial institutions or by, through, or to any financial
institution, to the extent that such transfers or payments are subject to the
jurisdiction of the United States and involve any interest of the sanctioned
person.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H5CE9248D1657437E8A5B437A1C383F96"><enum>(9)</enum><header>Property
transactions</header><text>The President shall prohibit any person from—</text>
<subparagraph id="H328939E970D44414B0A7E1A0544295CE"><enum>(A)</enum><text>acquiring,
holding, withholding, using, transferring, withdrawing, transporting,
importing, or exporting any property that is subject to the jurisdiction of the
United States and with respect to which the sanctioned person has any
interest;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H7BF5731D471742D6A78DD018E5977D84"><enum>(B)</enum><text>dealing in or
exercising any right, power, or privilege with respect to such property;
or</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H421FD70F8589481988E72D6FB0E29932"><enum>(C)</enum><text>conducting any
transaction involving such property.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H0A78B50E6F7C477DBB496C5FC0EA30F6"><enum>(10)</enum><header>Additional
sanctions</header><text>The President may impose sanctions, as appropriate, to
restrict imports with respect to a sanctioned person, in accordance with the
International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 and
following).</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H2C1DAC57753E4AAB9825CFBD4E3BFC66"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Additional
measure relating to government contracts</header>
<paragraph id="H0956D441846047F5B876844018F0D1B3"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Modification of
Federal Acquisition Regulation</header><text>Not later than 90 days after the
date of the enactment of this Act, the Federal Acquisition Regulation issued
pursuant to section 25 of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act (41
U.S.C. 421) shall be revised to require a certification from each person that
is a prospective contractor that the person does not engage in any activity for
which sanctions may be imposed under section 205.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H04719E5205BF4DCF89319C44CC24C9F8"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Remedies</header>
<subparagraph id="H476CB431C90545A78FB6E84E0E4EA02A"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>If the head of an executive agency determines that a
person has submitted a false certification under paragraph (1) after the date
on which the Federal Acquisition Regulation is revised to implement the
requirements of this subsection, the head of that executive agency shall
terminate a contract with such person or debar or suspend such person from
eligibility for Federal contracts for a period of not more than 3 years. Any
such debarment or suspension shall be subject to the procedures that apply to
debarment and suspension under the Federal Acquisition Regulation under subpart
9.4 of part 9 of title 48, Code of Federal Regulations.</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H000E463DDE6F416FA3EBB0EBA866C2B4"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Inclusion on
list of parties excluded from Federal procurement and nonprocurement
programs</header><text>The Administrator of General Services shall include on
the List of Parties Excluded from Federal Procurement and Nonprocurement
Programs maintained by the Administrator under part 9 of the Federal
Acquisition Regulation issued pursuant to section 25 of the Office of Federal
Procurement Policy Act (41 U.S.C. 421) each person that is debarred, suspended,
or proposed for debarment or suspension by the head of an executive agency on
the basis of a determination of a false certification under subparagraph
(A).</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H9F8019BF1B1744D6B0522377DC88C34E"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Clarification
regarding certain products</header><text>The remedies set forth in paragraph
(2) shall not apply with respect to the procurement of eligible products, as
defined in section 308(4) of the Trade Agreements Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C.
2518(4)), of any foreign country or instrumentality designated under section
301(b) of that Act (19 U.S.C. 2511(b)).</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H4A3EC8BCC5094AF0996C97AAA98261E9"><enum>(4)</enum><header>Rule of
construction</header><text>This subsection shall not be construed to limit the
use of other remedies available to the head of an executive agency or any other
official of the Federal Government on the basis of a determination of a false
certification under paragraph (1).</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H6D5F43E300024CBDA7CE09CF99B8F00D"><enum>(5)</enum><header>Executive agency
defined</header><text>In this subsection, the term <term>executive
agency</term> has the meaning given that term in section 204 of the Office of
Federal Procurement Policy Act (41 U.S.C. 403).</text>
</paragraph></subsection></section><section id="HDB654ADA34644F4F8B70EAD5342FC378"><enum>207.</enum><header>Advisory
opinions</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">The Secretary of
State may, upon the request of any person, issue an advisory opinion to that
person as to whether a proposed activity by that person would subject that
person to sanctions under this Act. Any person who relies in good faith on such
an advisory opinion which states that the proposed activity would not subject a
person to such sanctions, and any person who thereafter engages in such
activity, will not be made subject to such sanctions on account of such
activity.</text>
</section><section id="HD079B74959804FBD89900F38183620C2"><enum>208.</enum><header>Termination of
sanctions</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">The requirement
under section 205 to impose sanctions shall no longer have force or effect with
respect to Syria if the President determines and certifies to the appropriate
congressional committees that the Government of Syria—</text>
<paragraph id="HA186B0056B48425B9EDDB34F88371F29"><enum>(1)</enum><text>has ceased all
support for terrorism, including that the Government of Syria—</text>
<subparagraph id="H03462BDE50A043D2B017F1CE50B17308"><enum>(A)</enum><text>is not engaged in
the illegal transfer of missile or nuclear technology to the Government of
North Korea or to any country the government of which the Secretary of State
has determined, for purposes of any of the provisions of law specified in the
matter preceding this paragraph, is a government that has repeatedly provided
support for acts of international terrorism;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H742E283AB7704D4FAC3C659232B8A2EC"><enum>(B)</enum><text>is no longer
engaged in training, harboring, supplying, financing, or supporting in any
way—</text>
<clause id="H0694352A206D43C09AA11805CF3CD0B6"><enum>(i)</enum><text>Hamas, Hezbollah,
Palestinian Islamic Jihad, the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine,
the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine-General Command, the
Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine, Fatah al-Intifada, or Fatah
al-Islam;</text>
</clause><clause id="HBE86E6BE36934C1D8FABE6F770852CF1"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>any
other organization designated by the Secretary of State as a foreign terrorist
organization in accordance with section 219(a) of the Immigration and
Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1189(a));</text>
</clause><clause id="H60531CC6EDC14CAE8FCFD511540EF200"><enum>(iii)</enum><text>any person
included on the Annex to Executive Order 13224 (September 23, 2001) and any
other person identified under section 1 of that Executive Order whose property
and interests in property are blocked by such section (commonly known as a
<quote>specially designated global terrorist</quote>);</text>
</clause><clause id="H6563663B41CD4F818FE2862E959BD0C8"><enum>(iv)</enum><text>any
person designated under section 3 of Executive Order 13338 (May 13, 2004) or
under section 1 of Executive Order 13438 (July 17, 2007);</text>
</clause><clause id="H43FEE4E67DC7452290650BCC44868ABA"><enum>(v)</enum><text>the
Syrian Social Nationalist Party;</text>
</clause><clause id="HC80F1F3927E84FBB86FC98C9473E968D"><enum>(vi)</enum><text>any
other person or organization contributing to instability in Lebanon or Iraq;
and</text>
</clause><clause id="HC5A6755971634A908E83FE4D449ED122"><enum>(vii)</enum><text>any agency,
instrumentality, affiliate, or successor organization of the organizations
listed in subparagraph (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), or (F);</text>
</clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HFBEC4CAF2AAE462CA1A502089FBECBEA"><enum>(C)</enum><text>has immediately
and unconditionally stopped facilitating transit from Syria to Iraq of
individuals, military equipment, and all lethal items, except as authorized by
the representative, internationally recognized Government of Iraq; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H3BD8BABEBE0F46DEB171C58640C8C2C1"><enum>(D)</enum><text>has ceased its
support for <quote>volunteers</quote> and terrorists who are traveling from and
through Syria into Iraq to launch attacks;</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H227FBC3CB3F94ADF99541B0887F2C8E8"><enum>(2)</enum><text>has not provided
such support during the preceding 5-year period and has not been determined by
the Secretary of State, for the purposes of section 6(j) of the Export
Administration Act of 1979, section 620A of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961,
section 40 of the Arms Export Control Act, or any other provision of law, to be
a government that has repeatedly provided support for acts of international
terrorism at any time during such 5-year period;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H860E48258F414CE5B5907952E8801514"><enum>(3)</enum><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="yes-display-inline" id="H6991C3B5322E46DDB2D4F92B322B3664"><enum>(A)</enum><text>has permanently
dismantled Syria's chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear weapons
programs;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HF2DCBCBAA3374CACBE1987D1DF5FE52F" indent="up1"><enum>(B)</enum><text>has ceased all efforts to design,
develop, manufacture, or acquire—</text>
<clause id="H86D98C9FCDD34F65949B6342EC4E4D22"><enum>(i)</enum><text>a nuclear explosive device or
related materials and technology;</text>
</clause><clause id="H92601CB4FF6F4414B6CFBA8A36B61ADE"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>chemical, biological, and
radiological weapons; and</text>
</clause><clause id="H3EC3FF7663CB4607B0CC49668FD6A319"><enum>(iii)</enum><text>ballistic missiles and ballistic
missile launch technology; and</text>
</clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H261BF925D48746C58501810374E4A3F0" indent="up1"><enum>(C)</enum><text>has taken demonstrable steps to combat
the proliferation of such weapons;</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HE634B1C2E9BC45BA9F9BA13EF6F621A4"><enum>(4)</enum><text>does not pose a
threat to United States national security, United States interests, and United
States allies in the region;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HB5A2C462ADE7450AB2533EC56891473F"><enum>(5)</enum><text>respects the
boundaries, sovereignty, and right to exist of all neighboring
countries;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HE166C2A025084049A9BBFAF73FE89C45"><enum>(6)</enum><text>upholds and
defends the human rights and civil liberties of its people;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HEB5EAF0725B84D98B4C992126ACAEBED"><enum>(7)</enum><text>has legalized all
political activity;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HFCBB0C072828415BB8CED42C774DDD1E"><enum>(8)</enum><text>has made public
commitments to organizing free and fair elections for a new government, to be
held in a timely manner, and with the participation of multiple independent
political parties that have full access to the media on an equal basis,
including (in the case of radio, television, or other telecommunications media)
in terms of allotments of time for such access and the times of day such
allotments are given, and to be conducted under the supervision of
internationally recognized observers; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H570EB17C9AE64FCA9A803D17887038B1"><enum>(9)</enum><text>has made public
commitments to and is making demonstrable progress in—</text>
<subparagraph id="H9D1C10A81BC34673A506F2E544CA84BF"><enum>(A)</enum><text>establishing an
independent judiciary; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H4D14168F7BB5449592C3D0CFC25374B3"><enum>(B)</enum><text>respecting
internationally recognized human rights and basic freedoms as recognized in the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph></section><section id="H4A03C34F88E44D3889552C70AC97C20A"><enum>209.</enum><header>Duration of
sanctions</header>
<subsection id="H64641BE273D64A79B72A77F2EEE865E2"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Delay of
sanctions</header>
<paragraph id="H1A68C70782E14E2FA2C2B8B98315D20F"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Consultations</header><text>If
the President makes a determination described in section 205 with respect to a
foreign person, the Congress urges the President to initiate consultations
immediately with the government with primary jurisdiction over that foreign
person with respect to the imposition of sanctions under this Act.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H43D87EF139C04C778A23DAA3051621AF"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Actions by
government of jurisdiction</header><text>In order to pursue consultations under
paragraph (1) with the government concerned, the President may delay imposition
of sanctions under this Act for up to 90 days. Following such consultations,
the President shall immediately impose sanctions unless the President
determines and certifies to Congress that the government has taken specific and
effective actions, including, as appropriate, the imposition of appropriate
penalties, to terminate the involvement of the foreign person in the activities
that resulted in the determination by the President under section 205
concerning such person.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H085568B086234C98B522B5F9E03237D9"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Additional delay
in imposition of sanctions</header><text>The President may delay the imposition
of sanctions for up to an additional 90 days if the President determines and
certifies to Congress that the government with primary jurisdiction over the
person concerned is in the process of taking the actions described in paragraph
(2).</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H0B7B3093B6F94CD3A3FA03C54EF10AE0"><enum>(4)</enum><header>Report to
Congress</header><text>Not later than 90 days after making a determination
under section 205, the President shall submit to the appropriate congressional
committees a report on the status of consultations with the appropriate foreign
government under this subsection, and the basis for any determination under
paragraph (3).</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H423E6E9CDBCA493888E8322184EAB534"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Duration of
sanctions</header><text>A sanction imposed under section 205 shall remain in
effect—</text>
<paragraph id="H3835F3F98BE14CFA8D8BD55F7CDC8918"><enum>(1)</enum><text>for a period of
not less than 2 years from the date on which it is imposed; or</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H800911F8B3884B2BBBC591F01E34D3D9"><enum>(2)</enum><text>until such time as
the President determines and certifies to Congress that the person whose
activities were the basis for imposing the sanction is no longer engaging in
such activities and that the President has received reliable assurances that
such person will not knowingly engage in such activities in the future, except
that such sanction shall remain in effect for a period of at least 1
year.</text>
</paragraph></subsection></section><section id="H90EBEC970E8C40CE8E0415E7568294C5"><enum>210.</enum><header>Reports
required</header>
<subsection id="H6E5C829C12CB41BB950C6D6812900A1A"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Report on
certain international initiatives</header><text>Not later than 6 months after
the date of the enactment of this Act, and every 6 months thereafter, the
President shall transmit a report to the appropriate congressional committees
describing—</text>
<paragraph id="HFEE830C7381E44B5AF3FA8002EEC80B4"><enum>(1)</enum><text>the efforts of the
President to mount a multilateral campaign to persuade all countries to
pressure Syria to cease its nuclear, chemical, biological, and missile weapons
programs and its support of acts of international terrorism;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H317BE825121343D0BC359D5DF686F7D8"><enum>(2)</enum><text>the efforts of the
President to persuade other governments to ask Syria to reduce the presence of
Syrian diplomats and representatives of other government and military or
quasi-governmental institutions of Syria;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HAEF501034FC34FE69CA6BDF1F079561D"><enum>(3)</enum><text>the extent to
which the International Atomic Energy Agency has established regular
inspections of all nuclear facilities in Syria, including those presently under
construction; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H828FC02AB8224922834F6245177F2414"><enum>(4)</enum><text>Syria’s use of
Syrian diplomats and representatives of other government and military or
quasi-governmental institutions of Syria to promote acts of international
terrorism or to develop or sustain Syria’s nuclear, chemical, biological, and
missile weapons programs.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HE6CFE522148F464F8C9E11E7829FDC90"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Report on
effectiveness of actions under this act</header><text>Not earlier than 24
months, and not later than 30 months, after the date of the enactment this Act,
and annually thereafter, the President shall transmit to Congress a report that
describes—</text>
<paragraph id="H502A80B27E3E4FCB95DF143672DEB8D9"><enum>(1)</enum><text>the extent to
which actions relating to trade taken pursuant to this Act—</text>
<subparagraph id="H5CAD65C8F12D4D24B028DB057AB963C1"><enum>(A)</enum><text>have been
effective in achieving the objectives of section 203 and any other foreign
policy or national security objectives of the United States with respect to
Syria; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H47D75A8F023D47ADB9D588D991C76BC3"><enum>(B)</enum><text>have affected
humanitarian interests in Syria, the country in which the sanctioned person is
located, or in other countries; and</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H7E4654C6020A4F29A47DB1B8EDE3FEDB"><enum>(2)</enum><text>the impact of
actions relating to trade taken pursuant to this Act on other national
security, economic, and foreign policy interests of the United States,
including relations with countries friendly to the United States, and on the
United States economy.</text>
</paragraph><continuation-text continuation-text-level="subsection">The
President may include in the report the President’s recommendation on whether
or not this Act should be terminated or modified.</continuation-text></subsection><subsection id="HE30F572159EC45FD8CDB28E02048F8DC"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Other
reports</header><text>The President shall ensure the continued transmittal to
Congress of reports describing—</text>
<paragraph id="H19891DCADBDE421381CAE660E8E558B7"><enum>(1)</enum><text>the nuclear and
other military capabilities of Syria, as required by section 601(a) of the
Nuclear NonProliferation Act of 1978 and section 1607 of the National Defense
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1993; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H9C83683D5BB344A8A81968F5AF75A068"><enum>(2)</enum><text>the support
provided by Syria for acts of international terrorism, as part of the
Department of State’s annual report on international terrorism.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H454AA413B94846A1A26489F36700B1B3"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Reports on
global trade relating to Syria</header><text>Not later than 90 days after the
date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the President shall
transmit to the appropriate congressional committees a report, with respect to
the most recent 12-month period for which data are available, on the dollar
value amount of trade, including in the energy sector, between Syria and each
country maintaining membership in the Group of 20 Finance Ministers and Central
Bank Governors.</text>
</subsection></section><section id="HBE30A28365CB4462B8739C0B80240F53"><enum>211.</enum><header>Determinations
not reviewable</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">A determination
to impose sanctions under this Act shall not be reviewable in any court.</text>
</section><section id="HFF4ECE898E3C4E9BBF53A45783E1C7A2"><enum>212.</enum><header>Exclusion of
certain activities</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Nothing in
this Act shall apply to any activities subject to the reporting requirements of
title V of the National Security Act of 1947.</text>
</section><section id="HF0AA32270A2343A69D65DFF0078DDD67"><enum>213.</enum><header>Effective
date</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">This title shall take
effect on the date of the enactment of this Act.</text>
</section><enum>III</enum><header>Syria nuclear
weapons prevention</header>
<section id="H7ED7C1CDC4A84A8C96E67F1F17B7F88A"><enum>301.</enum><header>Findings</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Congress finds the following:</text>
<paragraph id="HC54D653678FD4EB48ACCCD2A34884A8F"><enum>(1)</enum><text>On September 6,
2007, Israeli warplanes bombed a site at al-Kibar in northeastern Syria, which
the Syrians subsequently worked to conceal. On April 24, 2008, senior United
States intelligence officials briefed Congress and the press about the al-Kibar
site, citing detailed information showing that the al-Kibar facility was a
nuclear reactor, built with North Korean assistance.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H53604D7C835249239527F0AF81BE6EF9"><enum>(2)</enum><text>Following the
briefing, Syria granted International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) inspectors
access to the al-Kibar site (but denied them access to three other sites),
where they took environmental samples on June 23, 2008. After the visit, Syria
suspended cooperation with the IAEA, which later revealed that soil samples
taken from the al-Kibar site revealed <quote>a significant number of natural
uranium particles</quote> that were produced by human action rather than being
already present in the environment.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H79BA9D8B8CDA486AA69E3C32196AA8A2"><enum>(3)</enum><text>The natural
uranium found by the IAEA is the type of fuel that would be fed into a reactor
to produce plutonium, which after extraction in a reprocessing facility, could
fuel a nuclear bomb.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HED7DCC20D50148E283998F1E17F90E13"><enum>(4)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Director-General of the IAEA reported
to the IAEA Board of Governors on May 24, 2011, that <quote>[the IAEA] assesses
that it is very likely that the building destroyed at the [al-Kibar] site was a
nuclear reactor</quote>.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H4AA5204D3D3B4995BD0759D2B09CED00"><enum>(5)</enum><text>Syria’s safeguards
agreement with the IAEA requires notification to the agency in advance of
construction of any nuclear facility, regardless of the presence of nuclear
material, and, as a result, Syria’s construction of a reactor violated its IAEA
obligations.</text>
</paragraph></section><section id="H58E5A80DBA7544B29D55F55A385F1B4B"><enum>302.</enum><header>Actions within
the International Atomic Energy Agency</header>
<subsection id="HEE8B81CA2D8C455E81740C53B2225CBA"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Statement of
policy</header><text>It shall be the policy of the United States to oppose the
development or acquisition by Syria of a nuclear capability.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="H8C58AF278939480C8696409AFC3C4C68"><enum>(b)</enum><header>United States
actions</header><text>The President shall instruct the United States Permanent
Representative to the International Atomic Energy Agency to—</text>
<paragraph id="H05A982AFD7464A60848FBD00CDCA21EF"><enum>(1)</enum><text>seek the adoption
of a resolution declaring Syria to be in violation of its IAEA obligations
unless Syria immediately—</text>
<subparagraph id="H9E1F293FBE5F4C98BBD7239FAF40FCDE"><enum>(A)</enum><text>declares all
nuclear-related facilities;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H7823A960C2DA4385A8AF6F7F79306DF4"><enum>(B)</enum><text>immediately and
unconditionally suspends any activity which could be used to develop
nuclear-weapons capability; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H315F59406A674DF1A473051CF261255C"><enum>(C)</enum><text>provides IAEA
inspectors with full access to its nuclear-related facilities;</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H5AB67C33576C4682B3418A732B88C045"><enum>(2)</enum><text>use all available
political, economic, and diplomatic tools, and shall use the voice, vote, and
influence of the United States in all international organizations and
associations of which it is a member, including the IAEA and the Nuclear
Suppliers Group, to—</text>
<subparagraph id="H6B1C53923F834E999EFE39C33F481513"><enum>(A)</enum><text>block the
development or acquisition by Syria of a capacity to fabricate nuclear
fuel;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H85BED34BAF3340F890BF44F41474949C"><enum>(B)</enum><text>block the
allocation of funds for any IAEA development, environmental, or nuclear science
assistance or activity to Syria;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HF57EA17AAC9F40E78A915323B252FAA8"><enum>(C)</enum><text>block the
allocation of funds for IAEA development, environmental, or nuclear-related
assistance or activity to the Government of Syria, including any agency or
instrumentality thereof; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H55C005EE1F8E42F2A62E099AB97E3B32"><enum>(D)</enum><text>block membership
of the Government of Syria on the Board of Governors of the IAEA; and</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H3A31620EDED34D7B988685642AC1BB4C"><enum>(3)</enum><text>shall withhold
from United States contributions to the IAEA an amount equal to that which the
IAEA expends on assistance to Syria.</text>
</paragraph></subsection></section><section id="H55B37EC33D4047F5952739FE14F2C10E"><enum>303.</enum><header>Restrictions on
nuclear cooperation with countries assisting the nuclear program of
Syria</header>
<subsection id="H1D7EF1BB186440108E67CC8813A4C9F8"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>Notwithstanding any other provision of law or any
international agreement, no agreement for cooperation between the United States
and the government of any country that is assisting the nuclear program of
Syria or transferring advanced conventional weapons or missiles to Syria may be
submitted to Congress pursuant to section 123 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954
(42 U.S.C. 2153), no such agreement may enter into force with such country, no
license may be issued for export directly or indirectly to such country of any
nuclear material, facilities, components, or other goods, services, or
technology that would be subject to such agreement, and no approval may be
given for the transfer or retransfer directly or indirectly to such country of
any nuclear material, facilities, components, or other goods, services, or
technology that would be subject to such agreement, until the President
determines and reports to the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of
Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate that the
government of such country that is assisting the nuclear program of Syria or
transferring advanced conventional weapons or missiles to Syria—</text>
<paragraph id="H62EF2A84F34D475D87957D2308E007D0"><enum>(1)</enum><text>has suspended all
nuclear assistance to Syria or suspended transferring advanced conventional
weapons or missiles to Syria (as the case may be); and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H9D896D2C3D1B42DC9F5B5BE80E715209"><enum>(2)</enum><text>is committed to
maintaining such suspension.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HBB7AADCA424041E199F188A4821E5D62"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Rules of
construction</header><text>The restrictions described in subsection (a)—</text>
<paragraph id="H59F2A94EDCF64FF39D905E12B8F42B9A"><enum>(1)</enum><text>shall apply in
addition to all other applicable procedures, requirements, and restrictions
required by the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 and any other law; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H6C7673664ABC4476BFC6B7DE65C48CF1"><enum>(2)</enum><text>shall not be
construed as affecting the validity of agreements for cooperation that are in
effect on the date of the enactment of this Act.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HAA75BAF6F5DB445D982C4C29EA7E111B"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Definitions</header><text>In
this section:</text>
<paragraph id="H4D8E2EB5234F4E4DA752D4ADD74216C5"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Agreement for
cooperation</header><text>The term <term>agreement for cooperation</term> has
the meaning given such term in section 11 b. of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954
(42 U.S.C. 2014 b.).</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HA4B23DC60D744990B163C7D419D0DB97"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Assisting the
nuclear program of Syria</header><text>The term <term>assisting the nuclear
program of Syria</term> means the intentional transfer to Syria by a
government, or by a person subject to the jurisdiction of a government with the
knowledge and acquiescence of such government, of goods, services, or
technology listed on the Nuclear Suppliers Group Guidelines for the Export of
Nuclear Material, Equipment and Technology (published by the International
Atomic Energy Agency as Information Circular INFCIRC/254/Rev. 3/Part 1, and
subsequent revisions) or Guidelines for Transfers of Nuclear-Related Dual-Use
Equipment, Material, and Related Technology (published by the International
Atomic Energy Agency as Information Circular INFCIR/254/Rev. 3/Part 2, and
subsequent revisions).</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H9281E209D88B4E81A9C91EC70733C1BF"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Country that is
assisting the nuclear program of Syria or transferring advanced conventional
weapons or missiles to Syria</header><text>The term <term>country that is
assisting the nuclear program of Syria or transferring advanced conventional
weapons or missiles to Syria</term> means any country determined by the
President to be assisting the nuclear program of Syria or transferring advanced
conventional weapons or missiles to Syria.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HE7801DB27AA7461B8706A353D035151D"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Waiver</header><text>The
President may waive the application of the sanctions described in subsection
(a) if the President—</text>
<paragraph id="H3D6289245D2D473D90BDE2A2184D2BED"><enum>(1)</enum><text>determines that
such a waiver is vital to the national security of the United States;
and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H0DFB2340FBEE4C8EA978E87C9124C852"><enum>(2)</enum><text>submits to the
appropriate congressional committees a report describing the reasons for such
determination.</text>
</paragraph></subsection></section><section id="HD3936091C38243B29CC76A2EBF3B1D2C"><enum>304.</enum><header>Exclusion from
the United States of senior officials of foreign persons who have aided the
nuclear program of Syria</header>
<subsection id="HD2EA92E0333B4523A3BE8083D5EAC3C4"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Grounds for
exclusion</header><text>Except as provided in subsection (b), the Secretary of
State shall deny a visa to, and the Secretary of Homeland Security shall
exclude from the United States, any alien whom the Secretary of State
determines is an alien who, on or after the date of the enactment of this Act,
is a—</text>
<paragraph id="H93B9D229390147459DF09205CFEAE9E9"><enum>(1)</enum><text>person, agent,
instrumentality, or official of, is affiliated with, or is serving as a
representative of, the Government of Syria identified in a report submitted
pursuant to section 2(a) of the Iran, North Korea, and Syria Nonproliferation
Act (Public Law 106–178);</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HF26EF4124C674B48ADE0A487754D0AD0"><enum>(2)</enum><text>corporate officer,
principal, or shareholder with a controlling interest of a foreign person
identified in such a report;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HA0A18C74F4344EDB935F39286BF2515A"><enum>(3)</enum><text>corporate officer,
principal, or shareholder with a controlling interest of a successor entity to,
or a parent or subsidiary of, a foreign person identified in such a
report;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H166BA822D98E44C9920A1DB664EE4A15"><enum>(4)</enum><text>corporate officer,
principal, or shareholder with a controlling interest of an affiliate of a
foreign person identified in such a report, if such affiliate engaged in the
activities referred to in such report, and if such affiliate is controlled in
fact by the foreign person identified in such report;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HD7422EDFC9944324A5D30EADB147030D"><enum>(5)</enum><text>spouse, minor
child, or agent of a person excludable under paragraph (1), (2), (3), or
(4);</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HACD50AD4984847FBA20694FA1E77F66A"><enum>(6)</enum><text>senior official of
a foreign government identified in such a report;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H750EDE71CCD640D4AD67B0D8BACC22F8"><enum>(7)</enum><text>senior official of
a foreign government with primary jurisdiction over a foreign person identified
in such a report; or</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HBE503DD48015435B8D16FEA6B0E8F629"><enum>(8)</enum><text>spouse, minor
child, or agent of a person excludable under paragraph (6) or (7).</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H2D7896C04B004636832AF493422CC824"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Exception</header><text>The
President may waive the sanctions described in subsection (a) with respect to a
person specified in paragraph (5), (6), or (7) of such subsection if the
President determines and certifies in writing to the appropriate congressional
committees, on a case by case basis, that the foreign government with primary
jurisdiction over such person has made and continues to make clear, specific
efforts to stop and deter the transfer or retransfer of, or the permitting,
hosting, or other facilitating of transshipments that may enable the transfer
or retransfer of, goods or technology that contribute to the efforts by Syria,
as the case may be, to acquire or develop advanced conventional weapons, or to
acquire, develop, produce, or stockpile radiological or nuclear weapons.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="HEFC12E0DED6A4745A550F40559DFACA2"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Definitions</header><text>In
subsection (b):</text>
<paragraph id="H9E393A3E53C24CF29A2FC0CA899A7E8A"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Transfer</header><text>The
term <term>transfer</term> means the conveyance of technological or
intellectual property, or the conversion of intellectual or technological
advances into marketable goods, services, or articles of value, developed and
generated in one place, to another through illegal or illicit means to a
country, the government of which the Secretary of State has determined, for
purposes of section 6(j)(1)(A) of the Export Administration Act of 1979 (as in
effect pursuant to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act), section
40(d) of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2780(d)), and section 620A of
the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2371), is a government that has
repeatedly provided support for acts of international terrorism.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HD5F47DBA3D454EF7B7D3926FA4132465"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Transshipment</header><text>The
term <term>transshipment</term> means the export from one country to another
that passes through a third country, in which cargo is off-loaded and there is
some change to conveyance.</text>
</paragraph></subsection></section><enum>IV</enum><header>Diplomatic
efforts to isolate the Government of Syria</header>
<section id="H9CFCE7A24172472FA07A6A79FC2AAC3A"><enum>401.</enum><header>Sense of
Congress relating to bilateral efforts</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">It is the sense of Congress that the
Secretary of State shall ensure that United States diplomatic personnel abroad
understand and, in their contacts with foreign officials, are communicating the
reasons for United States policy and sanctions against the Government of Syria,
and are urging foreign governments to cooperate more effectively with the
Government of the United States in compelling the Government of Syria to cease
policies and activities that threaten global peace and security.</text>
</section><section id="HE12A353EE3FC4674B278189F2A172125"><enum>402.</enum><header>Opposition to
Syria’s membership and candidacy for leadership posts in United Nations
institutions</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">The President
shall direct the United States Permanent Representative to the United Nations,
United Nations organizations and entities, and United Nations-affiliated
agencies and bodies, to continue to use the voice, vote, and influence of the
United States to oppose Syria’s membership and candidacy for leadership posts
in such institutions, and engage in diplomatic efforts to secure multilateral
support for such efforts.</text>
</section><section id="H3C964A1F43434C5DBF3C821AC1D590AB"><enum>403.</enum><header>Report on
assistance to, and commerce with, Syria</header>
<subsection id="H66D378AA687E4D259D88A006C0E066FA"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Report</header><text>Not
later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act and annually
thereafter, the President shall transmit to the appropriate congressional
committees a report on assistance to, and commerce with, Syria by other foreign
countries during the preceding 12-month period.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="H925BDE4EC7994269A857C149A7EB4286"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Contents</header><text>Each
report required under subsection (a) shall, for the period covered by the
report, contain the following information, to the extent such information is
available:</text>
<paragraph id="HA579D0964AB8462BB4326C7AECF0156F"><enum>(1)</enum><text>A
description of all bilateral assistance provided to Syria by other foreign
countries, including humanitarian assistance.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HB1300355AC6D4BC8AB145684378462F8"><enum>(2)</enum><text>A
description of Syria’s commerce with other foreign countries, including an
identification of Syria’s trading partners and the extent of such trade.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HD71FEE90372848128AFFFC06777A877D"><enum>(3)</enum><text>A
description of the joint ventures completed, or under consideration, by foreign
nationals, business firms, and persons involving facilities in Syria, including
an identification of the location of the facilities involved and a description
of the terms of agreement of the joint ventures and the names of the parties
that are involved.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H6019D8C3B9314709AF8B1B6E347700DD"><enum>(4)</enum><text>A
determination of the amount of debt of the Government of Syria that is owed to
each foreign country, including—</text>
<subparagraph id="HF610B6C0E6D64E4D876382F18DE123BD"><enum>(A)</enum><text>the amount of debt
exchanged, forgiven, or reduced under the terms of each investment or operation
in Syria involving foreign nationals; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HE52FFE81AFFB472BA91D1EDE6AE83ACF"><enum>(B)</enum><text>the amount of debt
owed to the foreign country that has been exchanged, forgiven, or reduced in
return for a grant by the Government of Syria of an equity interest in a
property, investment, or operation of the Government of Syria or of a Syrian
national.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H464410AD94E34A33BBB4716529F09F29"><enum>(5)</enum><text>A
description of the steps taken to assure that raw materials and semifinished or
finished goods produced by facilities in Syria involving foreign nationals do
not enter the United States market, either directly or through third countries
or parties.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HE9AD3B07D2604A88A9D00234FD6F909D"><enum>(6)</enum><text>An identification
of countries and entities that provide, or have provided, arms or military
supplies from Syria or that otherwise have entered into agreements with Syria
that could have a military application, including—</text>
<subparagraph id="H55D00170C5494115BDB1274864E47CDA"><enum>(A)</enum><text>a description of
the military supplies, equipment, or other material sold, bartered, or
exchanged between Syria and such countries;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H0F0C2AC0214C46C38BF851445EE5ABD3"><enum>(B)</enum><text>a listing of the
goods, services, credits, or other consideration received by Syria in exchange
for military supplies, equipment, or material; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H33C35528D8744247960B6B0C84FCE8EC"><enum>(C)</enum><text>the terms or
conditions of any such agreement.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H12C433A58F6A43B38607AF96542D579A"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Form</header><text>The
report submitted under subsection (a) shall be in unclassified form but may
include a classified annex.</text>
</subsection></section><enum>V</enum><header>Assistance to
support democracy in Syria</header>
<section id="H748E7E303409474EAC89D9E65D528D65"><enum>501.</enum><header>Declarations of
policy</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">It shall be the policy
of the United States to—</text>
<paragraph id="H45D568140242419C8DBB998D11898CF6"><enum>(1)</enum><text>support
independent human rights and pro-democracy forces in Syria to promote the
emergence of a democratic government in Syria that will—</text>
<subparagraph id="H46352D973D7A4FF184DBD886FBF54799"><enum>(A)</enum><text>denounce and
combat extremism;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H3EF243739A9F48BEB082D59CB8340FC1"><enum>(B)</enum><text>verifiably
dismantle its chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear weapons programs
and commit to combating the proliferation of such weapons;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HAA8910E0195C42E58DB8098E80AB9EDF"><enum>(C)</enum><text>respect the
boundaries, sovereignty, and right to exist of its neighbors and live in peace
and security with all the countries in the region; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HB0C6C8BEDD64466A821288A11BF3091A"><enum>(D)</enum><text>uphold and defend
the human rights and civil liberties of its citizens;</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HCAE2CF2357464B97B89D235986F9BE41"><enum>(2)</enum><text>seek the adoption
of a resolution by the Community of Democracies to promote the emergence of a
democratic government in Syria; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HFC4A974624FA4AACB12038D6BA9F63CB"><enum>(3)</enum><text>seek the
establishment of a consultative group between the United States and the
European Union to promote the emergence of a democratic government in
Syria.</text>
</paragraph></section><section id="H46F8A82EA9F643ADA464D75F97851587"><enum>502.</enum><header>Assistance to
support a transition to democracy in Syria</header>
<subsection id="HB0BE70FE3A7949F1931FFE719B593452"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Authorization</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The President is authorized to provide
financial and political assistance (including the award of grants) to foreign
and domestic individuals, organizations, and entities that support democracy
and the promotion of democracy in Syria. Such assistance may include the award
of grants to eligible independent pro-democracy radio and television
broadcasting organizations that broadcast into Syria.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="H310898F334424102A9A19C06360A2E8C"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Eligibility for
assistance</header><text>Financial and political assistance under this section
may be provided only to an individual, organization, or entity that—</text>
<paragraph id="H052533C0252A41CDBC043236162FEFE8"><enum>(1)</enum><text>officially opposes
the use of violence and terrorism and has not been designated as a foreign
terrorist organization under section 219(a) of the Immigration and Nationality
Act (8 U.S.C. 1189(a)) at any time during the preceding 4 years;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HA1FDA2CA09F149B0B22DA985A110F75A"><enum>(2)</enum><text>advocates the
adherence by Syria to nonproliferation regimes for nuclear, chemical, and
biological weapons and materiel;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H2C751C7484DF4C34ACC85EC9CE3B0780"><enum>(3)</enum><text>is dedicated to
democratic values and supports the adoption of a democratic form of Government
in Syria;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H8634D7FB7E6E419E87EF0481E0CBCE7E"><enum>(4)</enum><text>is dedicated to
respect for human rights, including the fundamental equality of women;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HD681A04FA4094827920799EE1F8232C8"><enum>(5)</enum><text>works to establish
equality of opportunity for people; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HE4DD0F9ADC3B4B7DBE1EA8835098EC84"><enum>(6)</enum><text>supports freedom
of the press, freedom of speech, freedom of association, and freedom of
religion.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HC6B1B035F255439CB8E839850BEC5973"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Funding</header><text>The
President shall only provide assistance to democracy promotion in Syria section
using—</text>
<paragraph id="HD02FAB46511E488984A5800E8745CED4"><enum>(1)</enum><text>funds available to
the Middle East Partnership Initiative (MEPI), the Broader Middle East and
North Africa Initiative, and the Human Rights and Democracy Fund; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H62B4AA2DEF8C422CA8A9B462BEA6A69D"><enum>(2)</enum><text>amounts made
available pursuant to the authorization of appropriations under subsection
(f).</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HC551653DC27D46C996ACEB2525B6E2C6"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Notification</header><text>Not
later than 15 days before each obligation of assistance under this section, and
in accordance with the procedures under section 634A of the Foreign Assistance
Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2394–l), the President shall notify the Committee on
Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of
Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on
Appropriations of the Senate. Such notification shall include, as practicable,
the types of programs supported by such assistance and the recipients of such
assistance.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="HAEF5AB3C7BD54AEE9F8302AFAC6ADE42"><enum>(e)</enum><header>Sense of
Congress regarding diplomatic assistance</header><text>It is the sense of
Congress that—</text>
<paragraph id="HB837396BD61A4151974FED6A80ACC8DA"><enum>(1)</enum><text>contacts should be
expanded with opposition groups in Syria that meet the criteria under
subsection (b);</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H9C16F15E82D24D87964F0903D01F108C"><enum>(2)</enum><text>support for a
transition to democracy in Syria should be expressed by United States
representatives and officials in all appropriate international fora;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HE079992A6AC447218EF13D15D43C5170"><enum>(3)</enum><text>efforts to bring a
halt to the nuclear weapons program of Syria, including steps to end the supply
of nuclear, chemical or biological components, including short and
intermediate-range missiles, and ballistic missile components or fuel to Syria,
should be intensified; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H1E9640969C5D49B687DAEDFAE50FCABA"><enum>(4)</enum><text>officials and
representatives of the United States should—</text>
<subparagraph id="H80BC7175F90D4561835680122450B725"><enum>(A)</enum><text>strongly and
unequivocally support indigenous efforts in Syria calling for free,
transparent, and democratic elections; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H8DDBC447D2774C5ABC904E7769E5B570"><enum>(B)</enum><text>draw international
attention to violations by the Government of Syria of human rights, freedom of
religion, freedom of assembly, and freedom of the press.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H75D84F40CF7D4C87806AB35EA91E43E5"><enum>(f)</enum><header>Authorization of
appropriations</header><text>There is authorized to be appropriated to the
Department of State such sums as may be necessary to carry out this
section.</text>
</subsection></section><section id="H736634296DB34FF2B211EC5D2E80F6B9"><enum>503.</enum><header>Condemnation of
Syrian human rights abuses</header>
<subsection id="HC086949D7D6A4486956FCA91D6B58172"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Statement of
policy</header><text>It shall be the policy of the United States—</text>
<paragraph id="H72F7129F41FF4FC9A5B039FD1E36541E"><enum>(1)</enum><text>to condemn the
consistent pattern of gross violations of internationally recognized human
rights by the Government of Syria in all appropriate international fora;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H512D5CB3B1584443B3B4739B310B8878"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">to introduce and work toward the adoption
of resolutions at appropriate United Nations fora which detail and condemn the
dismal human rights record of Syria;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HBFA369AAFFC4433F9DE186B4760F916E"><enum>(3)</enum><text>to support the
people of Syria in their daily struggle for freedom, respect for human rights
and civil liberties, democratic self-governance, and the establishment of the
rule of law; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HB426C0A562384457A4ACF5BC288E3F77"><enum>(4)</enum><text>to reach out to
dissidents, human rights activists, and the nonviolent democratic opposition in
Syria, and to assist them in their efforts.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H8591E9D8AE5E414CB1537BD5649870D2"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Actions at
appropriate United Nations fora</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The President shall direct the United
States Permanent Representative to the United Nations to take the necessary
steps to secure support for the adoption of resolutions at appropriate United
Nations fora holding the Government of Syria accountable for its systematic
violations of human rights of Syrian and Lebanese citizens and calling for the
appointment of a United Nations Special Rapporteur to investigate such human
rights violations.</text>
</subsection></section><section id="H2331A1284E63478F9AEA4C01B2F2184E"><enum>504.</enum><header>Imposition of
sanctions on certain persons responsible for or complicit in human rights
abuses committed against citizens of Syria or their family members</header>
<subsection id="H016D964F22B14B6FA7735E5F1CDC4C77"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>The President shall impose sanctions described in
subsection (c) with respect to each person on the list required by subsection
(b).</text>
</subsection><subsection id="HA8118CADB42F4B19B60FFDAC4F1717D8"><enum>(b)</enum><header>List of persons
who are responsible for or complicit in certain human rights abuses</header>
<paragraph id="H40411753219440CEA22ED92083E2B76A"><enum>(1)</enum><header>List</header>
<subparagraph id="HD5FA0CDA57D6424E94A422220567834A"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In
general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 90
days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall transmit
to the appropriate congressional committees a list of persons who are officials
of the Government of Syria, including the President, Members of the Cabinet,
Members of the Ministry of Defense, Members of the Ministry of the Interior,
Members of the General Intelligence Directorate, Members of the Political
Security Directorate, or any Member of the Syrian military or associated
entities with the rank of brigadier general or above or the equivalent rank
thereof, including members of paramilitary organizations, or persons acting on
behalf of the Government of Syria.</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H0F342166493B4BDB8CE47229BD5F6172"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Certification</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The President shall impose on the persons
specified in the list under subparagraph (A) the sanctions described in
subsection (c). The President shall exempt any such person from such imposition
if the President determines and certifies to the appropriate congressional
committees that such person, based on credible evidence, is not responsible for
or complicit in, or responsible for ordering, controlling, or otherwise
directing, the commission of serious human rights abuses against citizens of
Syria or their family members, regardless of whether such abuses occurred in
Syria.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HD0F894B4769C412F9F01E1E051E08F69"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Form; public
availability</header>
<subparagraph id="HEE7B2414AF684AEDB1D04617F1ED1418"><enum>(A)</enum><header>Form</header><text>The
list required by paragraph (1) shall be submitted in unclassified form but may
contain a classified annex.</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H8C693BB82EF1463FA008F2EFCCB05E38"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Public
availability</header><text>The unclassified portion of the list required by
paragraph (1) shall be made available to the public and posted on the Web site
of the Department of the Treasury and the Department of State.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HEA2E48D588884AF79D2E151531339E11"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Consideration of
data from other countries and nongovernmental organizations</header><text>In
preparing the list required by paragraph (1), the President shall consider
credible data already obtained by other countries and nongovernmental
organizations, including organizations in Syria, that monitor the human rights
abuses of the Government of Syria.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H621DDCE688BA46BEBB03259F9C77D0B4"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Sanctions
described</header><text>The sanctions described in this subsection are
ineligibility for a visa to enter the United States and sanctions pursuant to
the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.),
including blocking of property and restrictions or prohibitions on financial
transactions and the exportation and importation of property, subject to such
regulations as the President may prescribe, including regulatory exceptions to
permit the United States to comply with the Agreement between the United
Nations and the United States of America regarding the Headquarters of the
United Nations, signed June 26, 1947, and entered into force November 21, 1947,
and other applicable international obligations.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="H93D190882D4E4F03AB3A8764EFFCE890"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Termination of
sanctions</header><text>The provisions of this section shall terminate on the
date on which the President determines and certifies to the appropriate
congressional committees that the Government of Syria has—</text>
<paragraph id="HBF54264E681B410D838FC03F64BA13DF"><enum>(1)</enum><text>unconditionally
released all political prisoners;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HC6B7F60D3C7049C882F25FB8845B2679"><enum>(2)</enum><text>ceased its
practices of violence, unlawful detention, torture, and abuse of citizens of
Syria while engaging in peaceful political activity;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HA6EAC5A0675A496CAC2915782392C7B1"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">conducted a transparent investigation into
the practices described in paragraph (2) and prosecuted the individuals
responsible for such violence, unlawful detention, torture, and abuse;
and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H04DE88D617404B228F19CEA5A3506594"><enum>(4)</enum><text>made public
commitments to, and is making demonstrable progress toward—</text>
<subparagraph id="HD7671CF8FE5F4D59B3AE4658C695312B"><enum>(A)</enum><text>establishing an
independent judiciary; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HE9D5F3155BE342E6928CACE1DCA1E0A8"><enum>(B)</enum><text>respecting the
human rights and basic freedoms recognized in the Universal Declaration of
Human Rights.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph></subsection></section><section id="HE4EC7E20025A420198EDE29BBE41051B"><enum>505.</enum><header>Imposition of
sanctions with respect to the transfer of goods or technologies to Syria that
may be used to commit human rights abuses</header>
<subsection id="H3A566B290C904FC7B43919E373B7AAD4"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Investigations;
determinations</header>
<paragraph id="H9FD44041CD9848AAB8A79A1831119290"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>Except as provided in paragraph (3), upon receiving
credible information that a person may have engaged in an activity described in
paragraph (2), the President shall initiate an investigation and, not later
than 180 days after initiating the investigation, make a determination with
respect to whether that person engaged in that activity.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H65010491849B4E7CA585E6EA993AEDC2"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Activity
described</header>
<subparagraph id="H88F14D2C226A44E0B53A424A80A1307E"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>A person engages in an activity described in this
subparagraph if the person, on or after the date of the enactment of this
Act—</text>
<clause id="H70064FFA1DF949CF8B218CD03AD8A374"><enum>(i)</enum><text>transfers, or
facilitates the transfer of, goods or technologies described in subparagraph
(C) to Syria; or</text>
</clause><clause id="HBB4D32F8ADD74FDCA9DCCA862EA305A5"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>provides services
with respect to goods or technologies described in subparagraph (C) after such
goods or technologies are transferred to Syria.</text>
</clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H9FA6B8DF626B4307A495A8477917D1E3"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Applicability to
contracts and other agreements</header><text>A person engages in an activity
described in subparagraph (A) without regard to whether or not the activity is
carried out pursuant to a contract or other agreement entered into before, on,
or after the date of the enactment of this Act.</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HA1BDA10F68EB4A7DB1B29640AEB7B26E"><enum>(C)</enum><header>Goods or
technologies described</header><text>Goods or technologies described in this
subparagraph are—</text>
<clause id="H9F4F9208BE3846EB9A3DAB7551BA2567"><enum>(i)</enum><text>firearms or
ammunition (as those terms are defined in section 921 of title 18, United
States Code), accessories for firearms, rubber bullets, clubs, batons, police
sticks, mace, stun grenades, tasers or other electroshock weapons, tear gas,
water cannons, motorcycles, cranes, or surveillance technology;</text>
</clause><clause id="HF89DEFC6B28E4757AABF9B81682C1C28"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>sensitive
technology; and</text>
</clause><clause id="HD3553A3E6B3E4A728A123C5D15C539D0"><enum>(iii)</enum><text>other goods or
technologies that the President determines may be used by the Government of
Syria to commit human rights abuses against the people of Syria.</text>
</clause></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HB98162F8878E451E98652A3B524AF0E9"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Special rule to
allow for termination of sanctionable activity</header><text>The President
shall not be required to initiate an investigation, and may terminate an
investigation, under this subsection if the President certifies in writing to
the appropriate congressional committees that—</text>
<subparagraph id="H5A08D90E83054194B9510D01B82C505A"><enum>(A)</enum><text>the person whose
activity was the basis for the investigation is no longer engaging in the
activity or has taken significant verifiable steps toward stopping the
activity; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HBA0A51786A464BA5BA517FD4A8427718"><enum>(B)</enum><text>the President has
received reliable assurances that the person will not knowingly engage in an
activity described in paragraph (2) in the future.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H8FBBE9F60D1E47C0812FCBD404F9CBBB"><enum>(b)</enum><header>List</header>
<paragraph id="HC7E40F308D494042AB2179B11A2CD84D"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>The President shall transmit to the appropriate
congressional committees a list of each person the President determines has
engaged in an activity described in subsection (a)(2)—</text>
<subparagraph id="H81B1924F96CF40928B89DFEE3ECC5141"><enum>(A)</enum><text>not later than 210
days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and every 180 days
thereafter; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HA02D8F185BE44A12AA53F4309445F12E"><enum>(B)</enum><text>as new information
becomes available.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H362569C2DEB24E8DB2E1C64F1A683CEF"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Form of
list</header><text>The list required by paragraph (1) shall be submitted in
unclassified form but may contain a classified annex.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HD37A74E8ADFF4E3791D99A0E759FA2A0"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Asset
freeze</header><text>The President shall freeze and prohibit all transactions
in all property and interests in property of a person on the list required by
subsection (b) if such property and interests in property are in the United
States, come within the United States, or are or come within the possession or
control of a United States person.</text>
</subsection></section><section id="HF847D268AE924EF88A980B25C40D1CD3"><enum>506.</enum><header>Comprehensive
strategy to promote internet freedom and access to information in
Syria</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Not later than 90 days
after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the
Secretary of State shall submit to the Committees on Foreign Affairs and
Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the Committees on Foreign
Relations and Appropriations of the Senate a comprehensive strategy to—</text>
<paragraph id="H36E030B9DC7B4C12983EB2671CC97682"><enum>(1)</enum><text>help the people of
Syria produce, access, and share information freely and safely via the
Internet;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HB83576F88C594BC38FCB25F0CAFE4285"><enum>(2)</enum><text>support the
development of counter-censorship technologies that enable the citizens of
Syria to undertake Internet activities without interference from their
government;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HCAF2A912574249F2B1BA629BE873A430"><enum>(3)</enum><text>increase the
capabilities and availability of secure mobile communications among human
rights and democracy activists in Syria;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H058A99F0A83A44F683EA174384E7AC5F"><enum>(4)</enum><text>provide resources
for digital safety training for media, unions, and academic and civil society
organizations in Syria;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H2D5D0BE45C9E437180B71D7BC7B3CA91"><enum>(5)</enum><text>increase the
amount of accurate Internet content in local languages in Syria;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H68118D6F8BC346DCA80A7110C5ECADBA"><enum>(6)</enum><text>increase emergency
resources for the most vulnerable human rights advocates seeking to organize,
share information, and support human rights in Syria;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HE4FB55DC2FEC428AB56BF87864B5605E"><enum>(7)</enum><text>expand surrogate
radio, television, live stream, and social network communications inside
Syria;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HC9B70C60D2AB47E18617AD4062B305C5"><enum>(8)</enum><text>expand activities
to safely assist and train human rights, civil society, and union activists in
Syria to operate effectively and securely;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HE6CB64FCAAA14E56839028A9CDB33BA9"><enum>(9)</enum><text>defeat all
attempts by the Government of Syria to jam or otherwise deny international
satellite broadcasting signals; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H58B6AC7F3A5242A0B18749361F57DE7A"><enum>(10)</enum><text>expand worldwide
United States embassy and consulate programming for and outreach to Syrian
dissident communities.</text>
</paragraph></section><enum>VI</enum><header>General
provisions</header>
<section id="H3613CA28997140DAB690C8BC9A8E3F7C"><enum>601.</enum><header>Denial of visas
for Government of Syria</header>
<subsection id="HAD51FAE5C01948CF9E002F211F02E49A"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>The Secretary of State may not issue a visa to a person
of a country designated as supporting acts of international terrorism pursuant
to section 6(j)(1)(A) of the Export Administration Act of 1979 (as in effect
pursuant to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act; 50 U.S.C. 1701 et
seq.), section 40(d) of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2780(d)),
section 620A of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2371), if the
Secretary determines that such national—</text>
<paragraph id="HD5D64329F63C41D79A36A014CD2D7760"><enum>(1)</enum><text>is an agent,
instrumentality, or official of, is affiliated with, or is serving as a
representative of the government of Syria;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H9AD77DC08C63459BAFF1E958B9B26601"><enum>(2)</enum><text>provides material
support to the policies of the Governments of Syria; or</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H0F54083C6426464BB2E6169C651ED6C0"><enum>(3)</enum><text>presents a threat
to the United States or who has committed, ordered, assisted, or otherwise
participated in the terrorist acts, or directly or indirectly affiliated with
terrorist organizations.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HB650F7C873A542A0BCF7FF07BC6CEC74"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Waiver</header><text>The
Secretary of State may, on a case-by-case basis, waive the prohibition in
subsection (a) if the Secretary certifies to the appropriate congressional
committees that it is vital to the national security interests of the United
States to do so, and provides the appropriate congressional committees with a
detailed justification for that certification.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="H1A52EA3AB1DA451BB4B38B32E0BACD04"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Restrictions</header><text>The
Secretary of State shall restrict diplomats in Washington, DC, and at the
United Nations in New York City, to travel only within a 25-mile radius of
Washington, DC, or the United Nations headquarters building, respectively, of
any person who is an agent, instrumentality, or official of, is affiliated
with, or is serving as a representative of the Government of Syria.</text>
</subsection></section><section commented="no" id="H36A84B8572014602B158FE09FF186229"><enum>602.</enum><header>Sunset</header>
<subsection commented="no" id="H51F29EDC56934C4C8AAF72216E3D7F6D"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Sunset</header><text>The
provisions of this Act shall terminate, and shall cease to be effective, on the
date that is 30 days after the date on which the President certifies to
Congress that the Government of Syria—</text>
<paragraph commented="no" id="H753CDA747A534663995D88E6D22593BB"><enum>(1)</enum><text>has ceased all
support for terrorism, including that the Government of Syria—</text>
<subparagraph commented="no" id="H2D0CFAE0D4454DB882F30696ABB23C97"><enum>(A)</enum><text>is not engaged in
the illegal transfer of missile or nuclear technology to the Government of
North Korea or to any country the government of which the Secretary of State
has determined, for purposes of any of the provisions of law specified in the
matter preceding this paragraph, is a government that has repeatedly provided
support for acts of international terrorism;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="H659D38882BE6401089D9469192C9F293"><enum>(B)</enum><text>is no longer
engaged in training, harboring, supplying, financing, or supporting in any
way—</text>
<clause commented="no" id="HD0D3AB2DBBA54A61807895D6B0DD3A57"><enum>(i)</enum><text>Hamas, Hezbollah,
Palestinian Islamic Jihad, the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine,
the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine-General Command, the
Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine, Fatah al-Intifada, or Fatah
al-Islam;</text>
</clause><clause commented="no" id="H541C856788EB4A38AC26AADCFC746AA2"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>any other
organization designated by the Secretary of State as a foreign terrorist
organization in accordance with section 219(a) of the Immigration and
Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1189(a));</text>
</clause><clause commented="no" id="HECC1D0BC2FE0446C9B69DD8A357499AD"><enum>(iii)</enum><text>any person
included on the Annex to Executive Order 13224 (September 23, 2001) and any
other person identified under section 1 of that Executive Order whose property
and interests in property are blocked by such section (commonly known as a
<quote>specially designated global terrorist</quote>);</text>
</clause><clause commented="no" id="H88BF9C724AF94A0A950C623DF80C9085"><enum>(iv)</enum><text>any person
designated under section 3 of Executive Order 13338 (May 13, 2004) or under
section 1 of Executive Order 13438 (July 17, 2007);</text>
</clause><clause commented="no" id="HF03BDDC7F8B44C42AABC2E43D5014938"><enum>(v)</enum><text>the Syrian Social
Nationalist Party;</text>
</clause><clause commented="no" id="H2322634F469B4EF2B37BF7D26F338F1C"><enum>(vi)</enum><text>any other person
or organization contributing to instability in Lebanon or Iraq; or</text>
</clause><clause commented="no" id="H6B011467DA8C4367B7D04BDAC814A35C"><enum>(vii)</enum><text>any agency,
instrumentality, affiliate, or successor organization of the organizations
listed in subparagraph (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), or (F).</text>
</clause></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="H210C453FC5A74473A6A0C2F44A3D1653"><enum>(C)</enum><text>has immediately
and unconditionally stopped facilitating transit from Syria to Iraq of
individuals, military equipment, and all lethal items, except as authorized by
the representative, internationally recognized Government of Iraq; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="H23A9EFFB4F0C46568C824C4C1802132C"><enum>(D)</enum><text>has ceased its
support for <quote>volunteers</quote> and terrorists who are traveling from and
through Syria into Iraq to launch attacks;</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H97161095D7B1446893A1FFE793DD39EB"><enum>(2)</enum><text>has not provided
such support during the preceding 5-year period and has not been determined by
the Secretary of State, for the purposes of section 6(j) of the Export
Administration Act of 1979, section 620A of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961,
section 40 of the Arms Export Control Act, or any other provision of law, to be
a government that has repeatedly provided support for acts of international
terrorism at any time during such 5-year period;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="HD4819E0E37CE422899DF962385A886F2"><enum>(3)</enum><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="yes-display-inline" id="HB9FE89431C52442380C7963582622B21"><enum>(A)</enum><text>has permanently
dismantled Syria’s chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear weapons
programs;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="H0176C82467CC4DAC9C9E6D8FD43C9A52" indent="up1"><enum>(B)</enum><text>has ceased all efforts to design,
develop, manufacture, or acquire—</text>
<clause commented="no" id="H26C3FB80D4534AB1B020924640C64858"><enum>(i)</enum><text>a nuclear explosive device or
related materials and technology;</text>
</clause><clause commented="no" id="H4F99612DF81E435CA404116FC22B4F1A"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>chemical, biological, and
radiological weapons; and</text>
</clause><clause commented="no" id="H4CDC8547063547B08AF655389C1597DF"><enum>(iii)</enum><text>ballistic missiles and ballistic
missile launch technology; and</text>
</clause></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="H455412129B8E45C0A28009D50408BFBF" indent="up1"><enum>(C)</enum><text>has taken demonstrable steps to combat
the proliferation of such weapons;</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="HE9B27BC8DCCA401396B4FD68572C275C"><enum>(4)</enum><text>does not pose a
threat to United States national security, United States interests, and United
States allies in the region;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="HA3C9C89839664F08A5C40F5F54D16E18"><enum>(5)</enum><text>respects the
boundaries, sovereignty, and right to exist of all neighboring
countries;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H021C9D7C2DF849E2BE85B8309C5B9DE9"><enum>(6)</enum><text>upholds and
defends the human rights and civil liberties of its people;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="HCC06A62AF24A4BBB8032DC7F09642593"><enum>(7)</enum><text>has legalized all
political activity;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H3CB80CA7B44F449AB7A4EF42D87BA2D5"><enum>(8)</enum><text>has made public
commitments to organizing free and fair elections for a new government, to be
held in a timely manner, and with the participation of multiple independent
political parties that have full access to the media on an equal basis,
including (in the case of radio, television, or other telecommunications media)
in terms of allotments of time for such access and the times of day such
allotments are given, and to be conducted under the supervision of
internationally recognized observers; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="HDC0CC6F86797442C8AE127EC12D82303"><enum>(9)</enum><text>has made public
commitments to and is making demonstrable progress in—</text>
<subparagraph commented="no" id="H5B7164CF9DAD40A694CEEFFF93C4A2A5"><enum>(A)</enum><text>establishing an
independent judiciary; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="H09027BD15DEE4792BAB82A8D3E496766"><enum>(B)</enum><text>respecting
internationally recognized human rights and basic freedoms as recognized in the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph></subsection></section>