Findings

The Congress finds as follows: (1)Lena Mary Calhoun Horne was born on June 30, 1917, in Brooklyn, New York. (2)At the age of 16, Lena Horne was hired as a dancer in the chorus of Harlem’s famous Cotton Club, where she was introduced to such legendary jazz performers as Duke Ellington, Cab Calloway, Count Basie, Ethel Waters, and Billie Holiday. (3)In 1940, Lena Horne became one of the first African-American women to perform with an all-White band when she toured with Charlie Barnet’s jazz band as its featured singer. (4)Lena Horne was discovered by a Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) talent scout and became the first Black artist to sign a long-term contract with a major studio. (5)Despite her extraordinary beauty and talent, Lena Horne was often limited to minor acting roles because of her race. (6)Scenes in which she did sing were cut out when they were sent to local distributors in the South and studio executives cast Ava Gardner as Julie in the film version of Show Boat instead of Lena Horne because they did not want it to star a Black actress. (7)However, Lena Horne dazzled audiences and critics in a number of films, including Cabin in the Sky and Stormy Weather. (8)During World War II, Lena Horne toured extensively with the United Service Organizations (USO) on the West Coast and in the South in support of the troops and expressed outrage about the way Black soldiers were treated. (9)She refused to sing for segregated audiences or to groups in which German prisoners of war were seated in front of African-American servicemen. (10)During the period of McCarthyism in the 1950s, Lena Horne was blacklisted as a communist for 7 years because of her civil rights activism and friendship with Paul Robeson and W.E.B. Du Bois. (11)Although Lena Horne continued to face discrimination, her musical and acting career flourished. (12)In 1957, Lena Horne recorded Lena Horne at the Waldorf-Astoria, which reached the Top 10 and became the best-selling album by a female singer in RCA Victor’s history. (13)Lena Horne rose to international stardom and toured the world, sharing the stage with such names as Count Basie, Tony Bennett, Billy Eckstein, Vic Damone, and Harry Belafonte and also starred in musical and television specials with such giants as Judy Garland, Bing Crosby, and Frank Sinatra. (14)Lena Horne used her fame to become a powerful voice for civil rights and equality. (15)In 1963, she participated in the historic March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, at which Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. delivered his immortal “I Have a Dream” speech. (16)Lena Horne also performed at rallies throughout the country for the National Council for Negro Women and worked with the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), of which she was a member since the age of 2, the National Council of Negro Women, the Delta Sigma Theta sorority, and the Urban League. (17)Through the end of the 20th century, Lena Horne continued to entertain large audiences of all ages and backgrounds and appeared on numerous television shows, including Sesame Street, Sanford and Son, The Muppet Show, The Cosby Show, and A Different World. (18)In 1978, she was in the film adaption of The Wiz. (19)In 1981, Ms. Horne captivated audiences with her one-woman Broadway show, Lena Horne: The Lady and Her Music, which enjoyed a 14-month run before going on tour and earned her a special Tony and two Grammy awards. (20)In 2002, 73 years after the Academy Awards were first awarded, Halle Berry became the first Black woman to win an Oscar for Best Actress and recognized in her acceptance speech how Lena Horne paved the way for her and other Black actresses. (21)Lena Horne passed away in New York City on May 9, 2010, at the age of 92. (22)Lena Horne was an entertainer, activist, and mother who used her beauty, talent, and intelligence to fight racial discrimination and injustice and rise to international stardom. (23)A symbol of elegance and grace, she entertained people of all walks of life for over 60 years and broke barriers for future generations.