Whereas the Treaty on the
Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, done at Washington, London, and Moscow,
July 1, 1968, and entered into force on March 5, 1970, has limited the spread
of the most dangerous weapons across the globe for 40 years;
Whereas the Treaty on the
Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (also known as the NPT) is the cornerstone
of the global nuclear nonproliferation regime;
Whereas 189 members of the United
Nations have acceded to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons,
only three states have never signed it, and only one, North Korea, has declared
its withdrawal from the Treaty;
Whereas more countries have
ratified the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons than any other
arms control or nonproliferation agreement in history;
Whereas the Treaty on the
Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons commits non-nuclear weapon states that
want to benefit from the peaceful application of nuclear technology not to
develop nuclear weapons and commits the 5 recognized nuclear weapon states to
take measures to achieve, at the earliest possible date, the elimination of
their nuclear weapon stockpiles;
Whereas the Treaty on the
Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons assigns to the International Atomic Energy
Agency the responsibility of maintaining a safeguards system to verify that
non-nuclear weapons states party to the Treaty are not diverting nuclear
technology from peaceful uses to nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive
devices;
Whereas, as of December 15, 2009,
only 94 countries and one regional organization had brought into force an
Additional Protocol to their Comprehensive Safeguards Agreement with the
International Atomic Energy Agency;
Whereas President John F. Kennedy
stated that nuclear weapons pose the greatest possible danger
to
the United States and warned that the United States could soon face a world in
which there were 15–20 nuclear weapon states, but today, as a result of the
global norms and mutual assurances established by the Treaty on the
Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, the world has only 9 presumed nuclear
weapons states;
Whereas United States policies and
bilateral and multilateral treaties have reduced the number of nuclear weapons
in the world from a Cold War high of approximately 70,000 to approximately
24,000, and the United States has reduced its stockpile of nuclear weapons from
a high of 32,000 warheads and bombs to fewer than 10,000 today;
Whereas, at the fifth
Non-Proliferation Treaty Review Conference, in 1995, states party to the Treaty
on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons agreed to extend the Treaty
indefinitely;
Whereas the seventh
Non-Proliferation Treaty Review Conference, in 2005, failed to respond
collectively on a number of issues, including noncompliance, nuclear programs
in Iran and North Korea, the withdrawal clause, nuclear terrorism, clandestine
nuclear supply networks, negative security assurances, nuclear disarmament, the
nuclear fuel cycle, and enforcement mechanisms;
Whereas, on September 24, 2009, a
United Nations Security Council summit chaired by President Barack Obama
unanimously adopted United Nations Security Council Resolution 1887, which
reaffirms the Security Council’s commitment to the Treaty on the
Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, calls on states not yet signatories to
accede to the Treaty, urges full compliance with the Treaty by member states,
including members facing major challenges
with their
obligations, and sets goals to strengthen the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation
of Nuclear Weapons at the 2010 Review Conference;
Whereas the eighth
Non-Proliferation Treaty Review Conference will take place May 3–28, 2010, in
New York to discuss disarmament, security assurances, nonproliferation,
peaceful uses of nuclear energy, the nuclear fuel cycle, the mandate of the
International Atomic Energy Agency, safety and security of nuclear material,
universality, Nuclear Weapons-Free Zones, export controls, and the Treaty’s
withdrawal clause; and
Whereas the eighth Review
Conference presents an opportunity to refocus states party to the NPT on the
danger that the spread of nuclear weapons poses, to discuss potential ways to
deal with countries that continue to pose a nuclear security threat, and to
find common solutions so as to further reduce the number of nuclear weapons in
the world and enable increased use of nuclear energy while improving safeguards
to ensure that illicit nuclear programs are not occurring: Now, therefore, be
it
Whereas
the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, done at Washington,
London, and Moscow July 1, 1968, and entered into force on March 5, 1970, has
limited the spread of the most dangerous weapons across the globe for 40
years;
Whereas
the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (also known as the NPT)
is the cornerstone of the global nuclear nonproliferation regime;
Whereas
189 members of the United Nations have joined the Treaty on the
Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, only three states have never signed it,
and only one, North Korea, has withdrawn from the Treaty;
Whereas
there are more states party to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear
Weapons than to any other treaty in history;
Whereas
the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons requires non-nuclear
weapon states that want to benefit from the peaceful application of nuclear
technology not to develop nuclear weapons;
Whereas,
pursuant to Article VI of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear
Weapons, each of the Parties to the Treaty undertakes to pursue negotiations in
good faith on effective measures relating to cessation of the nuclear arms race
at an early date and nuclear disarmament and on a treaty on general and
complete disarmament under strict and effective international control;
Whereas
each non-nuclear-weapon state party to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of
Nuclear Weapons undertakes to accept International Atomic Energy Agency
safeguards on peaceful nuclear activities as set forth in agreements negotiated
and concluded with the International Atomic Energy Agency in accordance with
the Statute of the International Atomic Energy Agency and the Agency’s
safeguards system for the exclusive purpose of verification of the fulfillment
of obligations assumed under the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear
Weapons with a view to preventing diversion of nuclear energy from peaceful
uses to nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices;
Whereas 22
non-nuclear-weapon states party to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of
Nuclear Weapons have not yet brought into force a comprehensive safeguards
agreement with the International Atomic Energy Agency, as required by Article
III.l of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons;
Whereas 95
countries and one regional organization have brought into force an Additional
Protocol to their Comprehensive Safeguards Agreement with the International
Atomic Energy Agency;
Whereas
President John F. Kennedy stated that nuclear weapons pose the greatest
possible danger
to the United States and warned that the United States
could soon face a world in which there were 15-20 nuclear weapon states, but
today, as a result of the obligations established by the Treaty on the
Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, only four states not party to the Treaty
on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear weapons may possess weapons;
Whereas
United States policies and bilateral and multilateral treaties have reduced the
number of nuclear weapons in the world from a Cold War high of approximately
70,000 to approximately 24,000, and the United States has reduced its stockpile
of nuclear weapons from a high of 32,000 warheads and bombs to fewer than
10,000 today;
Whereas,
at the fifth Non-Proliferation Treaty Review Conference, in 1995, states party
to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons agreed to extend the
Treaty indefinitely;
Whereas,
on September 24, 2009, a United Nations Security Council summit chaired by
President Barack Obama unanimously adopted United Nations Security Council
Resolution 1887, which reaffirms the Security Council's commitment to the
Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, calls on states not yet
signatories to accede to the Treaty, urges full compliance with the Treaty by
member states, including members facing major challenges
with
their obligations, and sets goals to strengthen the Treaty on the
Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons at the 2010 Review Conference;
Whereas
the eighth Non-Proliferation Treaty Review Conference will take place May 3–28,
2010, in New York; and
Whereas
the eighth Review Conference presents an opportunity to refocus states party to
the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons on the danger that the
spread of nuclear weapons poses, to discuss potential ways to deal with
countries that continue to pose a nuclear security threat, and to find common
solutions so as to further reduce the number of nuclear weapons in the world
and enable increased use of nuclear energy while improving safeguards to ensure
that illicit nuclear programs are not occurring: Now, therefore, be it
That the Senate—
(1)reaffirms its
support for the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons to prevent
the spread of nuclear weapons, to further reduce the number of nuclear weapons,
and to promote the sharing of nuclear energy technology for peaceful
purposes;
(2)urges the
President to work to achieve universality in adherence to the Treaty on the
Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons;
(3)encourages the
President to work with international partners of the United States and states
party to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons to have the
Model Additional Protocol to Comprehensive Safeguards Agreements become the
global standard for safeguards and a requirement for nuclear commerce;
(4)urges the
President to ensure that the International Atomic Energy Agency has the
necessary resources, personnel, and technology to conduct its oversight
responsibilities as they relate to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of
Nuclear Weapons; and
(5)encourages the
President to work with other states party to the Treaty on the
Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons to strengthen enforcement mechanisms and
develop collective responses to any notification of withdrawal from the
Treaty.
That the Senate—
(1)reaffirms its support for
the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons to prevent the spread of
nuclear weapons, to further reduce the number of nuclear weapons, and to
promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy;
(2)urges the President to
work to achieve universal compliance with the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation
of Nuclear Weapons;
(3)encourages the President
to work with international partners of the United States and states party to
the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons to promote the Model
Additional Protocol to all Safeguards Agreements as the global standard for
safeguards and a requirement for nuclear commerce;
(4)urges the President to
ensure that the International Atomic Energy Agency has the necessary resources,
personnel, and technology to conduct its oversight responsibilities as they
relate to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons; and
(5)encourages the President
to work with other states party to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of
Nuclear Weapons to strengthen compliance and enforcement mechanisms and develop
collective responses in the United Nations Security Council and in any other
relevant multilateral fora to any notification of withdrawal from the
Treaty.
April 13, 2010
Reported with an amendment and an amendment to the
preamble