[Congressional Bills 111th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. Res. 446 Reported in Senate (RS)]

                                                       Calendar No. 345
111th CONGRESS
  2d Session
S. RES. 446

      Commemorating the 40th anniversary of the Treaty on the Non-
                   Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons.


_______________________________________________________________________


                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                             March 8, 2010

     Mr. Casey (for himself and Mr. Kerry) submitted the following 
  resolution; which was referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations

                             April 13, 2010

   Reported by Mr. Kerry, with an amendment and an amendment to the 
                                preamble
[Strike out all after the resolving clause and insert the part printed 
                               in italic]
      [Strike the preamble and insert the part printed in italic]

_______________________________________________________________________

                               RESOLUTION


 
      Commemorating the 40th anniversary of the Treaty on the Non-
                   Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons.

<DELETED>Whereas the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, done at 
        Washington, London, and Moscow, July 1, 1968, and entered into force on 
        March 5, 1970, has limited the spread of the most dangerous weapons 
        across the globe for 40 years;
Whereas the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (also known as 
        the NPT) is the cornerstone of the global nuclear nonproliferation 
        regime;
Whereas 189 members of the United Nations have acceded to the Treaty on the Non-
        Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, only three states have never signed 
        it, and only one, North Korea, has declared its withdrawal from the 
        Treaty;
Whereas more countries have ratified the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of 
        Nuclear Weapons than any other arms control or nonproliferation 
        agreement in history;
Whereas the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons commits non-
        nuclear weapon states that want to benefit from the peaceful application 
        of nuclear technology not to develop nuclear weapons and commits the 5 
        recognized nuclear weapon states to take measures to achieve, at the 
        earliest possible date, the elimination of their nuclear weapon 
        stockpiles;
Whereas the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons assigns to the 
        International Atomic Energy Agency the responsibility of maintaining a 
        safeguards system to verify that non-nuclear weapons states party to the 
        Treaty are not diverting nuclear technology from peaceful uses to 
        nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices;
Whereas, as of December 15, 2009, only 94 countries and one regional 
        organization had brought into force an Additional Protocol to their 
        Comprehensive Safeguards Agreement with the International Atomic Energy 
        Agency;
Whereas President John F. Kennedy stated that nuclear weapons pose ``the 
        greatest possible danger'' to the United States and warned that the 
        United States could soon face a world in which there were 15-20 nuclear 
        weapon states, but today, as a result of the global norms and mutual 
        assurances established by the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear 
        Weapons, the world has only 9 presumed nuclear weapons states;
Whereas United States policies and bilateral and multilateral treaties have 
        reduced the number of nuclear weapons in the world from a Cold War high 
        of approximately 70,000 to approximately 24,000, and the United States 
        has reduced its stockpile of nuclear weapons from a high of 32,000 
        warheads and bombs to fewer than 10,000 today;
Whereas, at the fifth Non-Proliferation Treaty Review Conference, in 1995, 
        states party to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons 
        agreed to extend the Treaty indefinitely;
Whereas the seventh Non-Proliferation Treaty Review Conference, in 2005, failed 
        to respond collectively on a number of issues, including noncompliance, 
        nuclear programs in Iran and North Korea, the withdrawal clause, nuclear 
        terrorism, clandestine nuclear supply networks, negative security 
        assurances, nuclear disarmament, the nuclear fuel cycle, and enforcement 
        mechanisms;
Whereas, on September 24, 2009, a United Nations Security Council summit chaired 
        by President Barack Obama unanimously adopted United Nations Security 
        Council Resolution 1887, which reaffirms the Security Council's 
        commitment to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, 
        calls on states not yet signatories to accede to the Treaty, urges full 
        compliance with the Treaty by member states, including members facing 
        ``major challenges'' with their obligations, and sets goals to 
        strengthen the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons at the 
        2010 Review Conference;
Whereas the eighth Non-Proliferation Treaty Review Conference will take place 
        May 3-28, 2010, in New York to discuss disarmament, security assurances, 
        nonproliferation, peaceful uses of nuclear energy, the nuclear fuel 
        cycle, the mandate of the International Atomic Energy Agency, safety and 
        security of nuclear material, universality, Nuclear Weapons-Free Zones, 
        export controls, and the Treaty's withdrawal clause; and
Whereas the eighth Review Conference presents an opportunity to refocus states 
        party to the NPT on the danger that the spread of nuclear weapons poses, 
        to discuss potential ways to deal with countries that continue to pose a 
        nuclear security threat, and to find common solutions so as to further 
        reduce the number of nuclear weapons in the world and enable increased 
        use of nuclear energy while improving safeguards to ensure that illicit 
        nuclear programs are not occurring: Now, therefore, be it
</DELETED>Whereas the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, done 
        at Washington, London, and Moscow July 1, 1968, and entered into force 
        on March 5, 1970, has limited the spread of the most dangerous weapons 
        across the globe for 40 years;
Whereas the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (also known as 
        the NPT) is the cornerstone of the global nuclear nonproliferation 
        regime;
Whereas 189 members of the United Nations have joined the Treaty on the Non-
        Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, only three states have never signed 
        it, and only one, North Korea, has withdrawn from the Treaty;
Whereas there are more states party to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of 
        Nuclear Weapons than to any other treaty in history;
Whereas the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons requires non-
        nuclear weapon states that want to benefit from the peaceful application 
        of nuclear technology not to develop nuclear weapons;
Whereas, pursuant to Article VI of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of 
        Nuclear Weapons, each of the Parties to the Treaty undertakes to pursue 
        negotiations in good faith on effective measures relating to cessation 
        of the nuclear arms race at an early date and nuclear disarmament and on 
        a treaty on general and complete disarmament under strict and effective 
        international control;
Whereas each non-nuclear-weapon state party to the Treaty on the Non-
        Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons undertakes to accept International 
        Atomic Energy Agency safeguards on peaceful nuclear activities as set 
        forth in agreements negotiated and concluded with the International 
        Atomic Energy Agency in accordance with the Statute of the International 
        Atomic Energy Agency and the Agency's safeguards system for the 
        exclusive purpose of verification of the fulfillment of obligations 
        assumed under the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons 
        with a view to preventing diversion of nuclear energy from peaceful uses 
        to nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices;
Whereas 22 non-nuclear-weapon states party to the Treaty on the Non-
        Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons have not yet brought into force a 
        comprehensive safeguards agreement with the International Atomic Energy 
        Agency, as required by Article III.l of the Treaty on the Non-
        Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons;
Whereas 95 countries and one regional organization have brought into force an 
        Additional Protocol to their Comprehensive Safeguards Agreement with the 
        International Atomic Energy Agency;
Whereas President John F. Kennedy stated that nuclear weapons pose ``the 
        greatest possible danger'' to the United States and warned that the 
        United States could soon face a world in which there were 15-20 nuclear 
        weapon states, but today, as a result of the obligations established by 
        the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, only four states 
        not party to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear weapons may 
        possess weapons;
Whereas United States policies and bilateral and multilateral treaties have 
        reduced the number of nuclear weapons in the world from a Cold War high 
        of approximately 70,000 to approximately 24,000, and the United States 
        has reduced its stockpile of nuclear weapons from a high of 32,000 
        warheads and bombs to fewer than 10,000 today;
Whereas, at the fifth Non-Proliferation Treaty Review Conference, in 1995, 
        states party to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons 
        agreed to extend the Treaty indefinitely;
Whereas, on September 24, 2009, a United Nations Security Council summit chaired 
        by President Barack Obama unanimously adopted United Nations Security 
        Council Resolution 1887, which reaffirms the Security Council's 
        commitment to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, 
        calls on states not yet signatories to accede to the Treaty, urges full 
        compliance with the Treaty by member states, including members facing 
        ``major challenges'' with their obligations, and sets goals to 
        strengthen the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons at the 
        2010 Review Conference;
Whereas the eighth Non-Proliferation Treaty Review Conference will take place 
        May 3-28, 2010, in New York; and
Whereas the eighth Review Conference presents an opportunity to refocus states 
        party to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons on the 
        danger that the spread of nuclear weapons poses, to discuss potential 
        ways to deal with countries that continue to pose a nuclear security 
        threat, and to find common solutions so as to further reduce the number 
        of nuclear weapons in the world and enable increased use of nuclear 
        energy while improving safeguards to ensure that illicit nuclear 
        programs are not occurring: Now, therefore, be it
    Resolved, <DELETED>That the Senate--
        <DELETED>    (1) reaffirms its support for the Treaty on the 
        Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons to prevent the spread of 
        nuclear weapons, to further reduce the number of nuclear 
        weapons, and to promote the sharing of nuclear energy 
        technology for peaceful purposes;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) urges the President to work to achieve 
        universality in adherence to the Treaty on the Non-
        Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (3) encourages the President to work with 
        international partners of the United States and states party to 
        the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons to have 
        the Model Additional Protocol to Comprehensive Safeguards 
        Agreements become the global standard for safeguards and a 
        requirement for nuclear commerce;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (4) urges the President to ensure that the 
        International Atomic Energy Agency has the necessary resources, 
        personnel, and technology to conduct its oversight 
        responsibilities as they relate to the Treaty on the Non-
        Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons; and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (5) encourages the President to work with other 
        states party to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear 
        Weapons to strengthen enforcement mechanisms and develop 
        collective responses to any notification of withdrawal from the 
        Treaty.</DELETED>
    That the Senate--
            (1) reaffirms its support for the Treaty on the Non-
        Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons to prevent the spread of 
        nuclear weapons, to further reduce the number of nuclear 
        weapons, and to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy;
            (2) urges the President to work to achieve universal 
        compliance with the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear 
        Weapons;
            (3) encourages the President to work with international 
        partners of the United States and states party to the Treaty on 
        the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons to promote the Model 
        Additional Protocol to all Safeguards Agreements as the global 
        standard for safeguards and a requirement for nuclear commerce;
            (4) urges the President to ensure that the International 
        Atomic Energy Agency has the necessary resources, personnel, 
        and technology to conduct its oversight responsibilities as 
        they relate to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear 
        Weapons; and
            (5) encourages the President to work with other states 
        party to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons 
        to strengthen compliance and enforcement mechanisms and develop 
        collective responses in the United Nations Security Council and 
        in any other relevant multilateral fora to any notification of 
        withdrawal from the Treaty.




                                                       Calendar No. 345

111th CONGRESS

  2d Session

                              S. RES. 446

_______________________________________________________________________

                               RESOLUTION

      Commemorating the 40th anniversary of the Treaty on the Non-
                   Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons.

_______________________________________________________________________

                             April 13, 2010

      Reported with an amendment and an amendment to the preamble