[Congressional Bills 111th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 624 Reported in Senate (RS)]

                                                       Calendar No. 374
111th CONGRESS
  2d Session
                                 S. 624

                          [Report No. 111-185]

 To provide 100,000,000 people with first-time access to safe drinking 
 water and sanitation on a sustainable basis by 2015 by improving the 
capacity of the United States Government to fully implement the Senator 
               Paul Simon Water for the Poor Act of 2005.


_______________________________________________________________________


                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                             March 17, 2009

  Mr. Durbin (for himself, Mr. Corker, Mrs. Murray, Ms. Collins, Mrs. 
 Shaheen, Mr. Burris, Mr. Isakson, Mrs. Boxer, Mr. Reed, Mr. Brown of 
  Ohio, Mr. Whitehouse, Mr. Dorgan, Ms. Cantwell, Mr. Lieberman, Mr. 
Sanders, Mr. Bond, Mr. Dodd, Mr. Cardin, Mr. Reid, Mrs. Feinstein, Mrs. 
 Gillibrand, Mr. Burr, Ms. Snowe, Mr. Johanns, Mr. Kirk, Mr. Specter, 
Mr. Roberts, Mr. Kaufman, Mr. Lautenberg, Ms. Landrieu, Mr. Casey, and 
 Mr. Johnson) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and 
             referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations

                              May 13, 2010

                Reported by Mr. Kerry, with an amendment
 [Strike out all after the enacting clause and insert the part printed 
                               in italic]

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
 To provide 100,000,000 people with first-time access to safe drinking 
 water and sanitation on a sustainable basis by 2015 by improving the 
capacity of the United States Government to fully implement the Senator 
               Paul Simon Water for the Poor Act of 2005.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

<DELETED>SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    This Act may be cited as the ``Senator Paul Simon Water 
for the World Act of 2009''.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 2. FINDINGS.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    Congress finds the following:</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) The Senator Paul Simon Water for the Poor Act 
        of 2005 (Public Law 109-121)--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (A) makes access to safe water and 
                sanitation for developing countries a specific policy 
                objective of United States foreign assistance 
                programs;</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (B) requires the Secretary of State to--
                </DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    (i) develop a strategy to elevate 
                        the role of water and sanitation policy; 
                        and</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    (ii) improve the effectiveness of 
                        United States assistance programs undertaken in 
                        support of that strategy;</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (C) codifies Target 10 of the United 
                Nations Millennium Development Goals; and</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (D) seeks to reduce by half between 1990 
                (the baseline year) and 2015--</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    (i) the proportion of people who 
                        are unable to reach or afford safe drinking 
                        water; and</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    (ii) the proportion of people 
                        without access to basic sanitation.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) On December 20, 2006, the United Nations 
        General Assembly, in GA Resolution 61/192, declared 2008 as the 
        International Year of Sanitation, in recognition of the impact 
        of sanitation on public health, poverty reduction, economic and 
        social development, and the environment.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (3) On August 1, 2008, Congress passed H. Con. 
        Res. 318, which--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (A) supports the goals and ideals of the 
                International Year of Sanitation; and</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (B) recognizes the importance of 
                sanitation on public health, poverty reduction, 
                economic and social development, and the 
                environment.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (4) While progress is being made on safe water and 
        sanitation efforts--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (A) more than 884,000,000 people 
                throughout the world lack access to safe drinking 
                water; and</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (B) 2 of every 5 people in the world do 
                not have access to basic sanitation services.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (5) The health consequences of unsafe drinking 
        water and poor sanitation are significant, accounting for--
        </DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (A) nearly 10 percent of the global burden 
                of disease; and</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (B) more than 2,000,000 deaths each 
                year.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (6) The effects of climate change are expected to 
        produce severe consequences for water availability and resource 
        management in the future, with 2,800,000,000 people in more 
        than 48 countries expected to face severe and chronic water 
        shortages by 2025.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (7) According to the November 2008 report 
        entitled, ``Global Trends 2025: A Transformed World'', the 
        National Intelligence Council expects rapid urbanization and 
        future population growth to exacerbate already limited access 
        to water, particularly in agriculture-based 
        economies.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (8) A 2009 report published in the Proceedings of 
        the National Academy of Sciences projects that the effects of 
        climate change will produce long-term droughts and raise sea 
        levels for the next 1,000 years, regardless of future efforts 
        to combat climate change.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (9) According to the 2005 Millennium Ecosystem 
        Assessment, commissioned by the United Nations, more than 
        </DELETED>\<DELETED>1/5</DELETED>\ <DELETED>of the world 
        population relies on freshwater that is either polluted or 
        excessively withdrawn.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (10) The impact of water scarcity on conflict and 
        instability is evident in many parts of the world, including 
        the Darfur region of Sudan, where demand for water resources 
        has contributed to armed conflict between nomadic ethnic groups 
        and local farming communities.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (11) In order to further the United States 
        contribution to safe water and sanitation efforts, it is 
        necessary to--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (A) expand foreign assistance capacity to 
                address the challenges described in this section; 
                and</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (B) represent issues related to water and 
                sanitation at the highest levels of United States 
                foreign assistance and diplomatic deliberations, 
                including those related to issues of global health, 
                food security, the environment, global warming, and 
                maternal and child mortality.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 3. SENSE OF CONGRESS.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    It is the sense of Congress that the United States should 
lead a global effort to bring sustainable access to clean water and 
sanitation to poor people throughout the world.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 4. PURPOSE.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    The purpose of this Act is--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) to provide first-time access to safe water and 
        sanitation, on a sustainable basis, for 100,000,000 people in 
        high priority countries (as designated under section 6(f) of 
        the Senator Paul Simon Water for the Poor Act of 2005 (22 
        U.S.C. 2152h note) by 2015; and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) to enhance the capacity of the United States 
        Government to fully implement the Senator Paul Simon Water for 
        the Poor Act of 2005 (Public Law 109-121).</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 5. DEVELOPING UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT 
              CAPACITY.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    Section 135 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 
U.S.C. 2152h) is amended by adding at the end the following:</DELETED>
<DELETED>    ``(e) Office of Water.--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(1) Establishment.--To carry out the purposes of 
        subsection (a), the Administrator of the United States Agency 
        for International Development shall establish the Office of 
        Water within the Bureau for Economic Growth, Agriculture, and 
        Trade.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(2) Leadership.--The Office of Water shall be 
        headed by a Director for Safe Water and Sanitation, who shall 
        report directly to the Assistant Administrator of the Bureau 
        for Economic Growth, Agriculture, and Trade.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(3) Duties.--The Director shall--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(A) implement this section and the 
                Senator Paul Simon Water for the Poor Act of 2005 
                (Public Law 109-121);</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(B) develop and implement country-
                specific water strategies and expertise, in 
                collaboration with appropriate United States Agency for 
                International Development Mission Directors, to meet 
                the goal of providing 100,000,000 additional people 
                with sustainable access to safe water and sanitation by 
                2015; and</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(C) place primary emphasis on providing 
                safe, affordable, and sustainable drinking water, 
                sanitation, and hygiene in a manner that--</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(i) is consistent with sound 
                        water resource management principles; 
                        and</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(ii) utilizes such approaches as 
                        direct service provision, capacity building, 
                        institutional strengthening, regulatory reform, 
                        and partnership collaboration.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(4) Capacity.--The Director may utilize 
        interagency details or partnerships with universities, civil 
        society, and the private sector, as needed, to strengthen 
        implementation capacity.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    ``(f) Special Coordinator for International Water.--
</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(1) Establishment.--To increase the capacity of 
        the Department of State to address international issues 
        regarding safe water, sanitation, integrated river basin 
        management, and other international water programs, the 
        Secretary of State shall establish a Special Coordinator for 
        International Water (referred to in this subsection as the 
        `Special Coordinator'), who shall report to the Under Secretary 
        for Democracy and Global Affairs.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(2) Duties.--The Special Coordinator shall--
        </DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(A) oversee and coordinate the 
                diplomatic policy of the United States Government with 
                respect to global freshwater issues, including 
                interagency coordination related to--</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(i) sustainable access to safe 
                        drinking water, sanitation, and 
                        hygiene;</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(ii) integrated river basin and 
                        watershed management;</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(iii) transboundary 
                        conflict;</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(iv) agricultural and urban 
                        productivity of water resources;</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(v) disaster recovery, response, 
                        and rebuilding,</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(vi) pollution mitigation; 
                        and</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(vii) adaptation to hydrologic 
                        change due to climate variability; 
                        and</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(B) ensure that international freshwater 
                issues are represented--</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(i) within the United States 
                        Government; and</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(ii) in key diplomatic, 
                        development, and scientific efforts with other 
                        nations and multilateral 
                        organizations.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(3) Staff.--The Special Coordinator is 
        authorized to hire a limited number of staff to carry out the 
        duties described in paragraph (2).''.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 6. SAFE WATER, SANITATION, AND HYGIENE 
              STRATEGY.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    Section 6 of the Senator Paul Simon Water for the Poor Act 
of 2005 (22 U.S.C. 2152h note) is amended--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) in subsection (c), by adding at the end the 
        following: ``In developing the program activities needed to 
        implement the strategy, the Secretary shall consider the 
        results of the assessment described in subsection (e)(9).''; 
        and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) in subsection (e)--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (A) in paragraph (5), by striking ``and'' 
                at the end;</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (B) in paragraph (6), by striking the 
                period at the end and inserting a semicolon; 
                and</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (C) by adding at the end the 
                following:</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(7) an assessment of all United States 
        Government foreign assistance allocated to the drinking water 
        and sanitation sector during the 3 previous fiscal years, 
        across all United States Government agencies and programs, 
        including an assessment of the extent to which the United 
        States Government's efforts are reaching the goal of providing 
        first-time access to safe water and sanitation on a sustainable 
        basis for 100,000,000 people in high priority 
        countries;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(8) recommendations on what the United States 
        Government would need to do to achieve the goals referred to in 
        paragraph (7), in support of the United Nation's Millennium 
        Development Goal on access to safe drinking water; 
        and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(9) an assessment of best practices for 
        mobilizing and leveraging the financial and technical capacity 
        of business, governments, nongovernmental organizations, and 
        civil society in forming public-private partnerships that 
        measurably increase access to safe drinking water and 
        sanitation.''.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 7. DEVELOPING LOCAL CAPACITY.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    The Senator Paul Simon Water for the Poor Act of 2005 
(Public Law 109-121) is amended--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) by redesignating sections 9, 10, and 11 as 
        sections 10, 11, and 12, respectively; and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) by inserting after section 8 the 
        following:</DELETED>

<DELETED>``SEC. 9. WATER AND SANITATION INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY-BUILDING 
              PROGRAM.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    ``(a) Establishment.--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(1) In general.--The Secretary of State and the 
        Administrator of the United States Agency for International 
        Development (referred to in this section as the `Secretary' and 
        the `Administrator', respectively), in consultation with host 
        country institutions, the Centers for Disease Control and 
        Prevention, the Department of Agriculture, and other agencies, 
        as appropriate, shall establish, in every high priority 
        country, a program to build the capacity of host country 
        institutions and officials responsible for water and sanitation 
        in countries that receive assistance under section 135 of the 
        Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, including training at 
        appropriate levels, to--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(A) provide affordable, equitable, and 
                sustainable access to safe drinking water and 
                sanitation;</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(B) educate the populations of such 
                countries about the dangers of unsafe drinking water 
                and lack of proper sanitation; and</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(C) encourage behavior change to reduce 
                individuals' risk of disease from unsafe drinking water 
                and lack of proper sanitation and hygiene.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(2) Coordination.--The programs established 
        under subsection (a) shall be coordinated in each country by 
        the lead country water manager designated in subsection 
        (b)(2).</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(3) Expansion.--The Secretary and the 
        Administrator may establish the program described in this 
        section in additional countries if the receipt of such capacity 
        building would be beneficial for promoting access to safe 
        drinking water and sanitation, with due consideration given to 
        good governance.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(4) Capacity.--The Secretary and the 
        Administrator--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(A) shall designate staff with 
                appropriate expertise to carry out the strategy 
                developed under section 4; and</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(B) may utilize, as needed, interagency 
                details or partnerships with universities, civil 
                society, and the private sector to strengthen 
                implementation capacity.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    ``(b) Designation.--The United States Agency for 
International Development Mission Director for each country receiving a 
`high priority' designation under section 6(f) and for each region 
containing a country receiving such designation shall--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(1) designate safe drinking water and sanitation 
        as a strategic objective;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(2) appoint an employee of the United States 
        Agency for International Development as in-country water and 
        sanitation manager to coordinate the in-country implementation 
        of this Act and section 135 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 
        1961 (22 U.S.C. 2152h) with host country officials at various 
        levels of government responsible for water and sanitation, the 
        Department of State, and other relevant United States 
        Government agencies; and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(3) coordinate with the Development Credit 
        Authority and the Global Development Alliance to further the 
        purposes of this Act.''.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 8. OTHER ACTIVITIES SUPPORTED.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    Section 135(c) of the Foreign Assistance Act (22 U.S.C. 
2152h(c)) is amended--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) in paragraph (3), by striking ``and'' at the 
        end;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) in paragraph (4), by striking the period at 
        the end; and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (3) by adding at the end the following:</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(5) foster global cooperation on research and 
        technology development, including regional partnerships among 
        water experts to address safe drinking water, sanitation, water 
        resource management, and other water-related issues;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(6) establish regional and cross-border 
        cooperative activities between scientists and specialists that 
        work to share technologies and best practices, mitigate shared 
        water challenges, foster international cooperation, and defuse 
        cross-border tensions;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(7) provide grants through the United States 
        Agency for International Development to foster the development, 
        dissemination, and increased and consistent use of low cost and 
        sustainable technologies, such as household water treatment, 
        hand washing stations, and latrines, for providing safe 
        drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene that are suitable for 
        use in high priority countries, particularly in places with 
        limited resources and infrastructure;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(8) in collaboration with the Centers for 
        Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Agriculture, the 
        Environmental Protection Agency, the National Oceanic and 
        Atmospheric Administration, and other agencies, as appropriate, 
        conduct formative and operational research and monitor and 
        evaluate the effectiveness of programs that provide safe 
        drinking water and sanitation; and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(9) integrate efforts to promote safe drinking 
        water, sanitation and hygiene with existing foreign assistance 
        programs, as appropriate, including activities focused on HIV/
        AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis, maternal and child health, food 
        security, and nutritional support.''.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 9. UPDATED REPORT REGARDING WATER FOR PEACE AND 
              SECURITY.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    Section 11(b) of the Senator Paul Simon Water for the Poor 
Act of 2005, as redesignated by section 7, is amended by adding at the 
end the following: ``The report submitted under this subsection shall 
include an assessment of current and likely future political tensions 
over water sources and multidisciplinary assessment of the expected 
impacts of global climate change on water supplies in 10, 25, and 50 
years.''.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 10. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    (a) In General.--There are authorized to be appropriated 
for fiscal year 2009 and for each subsequent fiscal year such sums as 
may be necessary to carry out this Act and the amendments made by this 
Act, pursuant to the criteria set forth in the Senator Paul Simon Water 
for the Poor Act of 2005 (Public Law 109-121).</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (b) Use of Funds.--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) General water resource management 
        activities.--Up to 20 percent of the amounts appropriated to 
        implement this Act may be used to support general water 
        resource management activities that improve countries' overall 
        water sources.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) Other activities.--Any amounts appropriated to 
        implement this Act that are not used to carry out the 
        activities described in paragraph (1) shall be allocated for 
        activities related to safe drinking water, sanitation, and 
        hygiene.</DELETED>

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Senator Paul Simon Water for the 
World Act of 2010''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    Congress finds the following:
            (1) The Senator Paul Simon Water for the Poor Act of 2005 
        (Public Law 109-121)--
                    (A) makes access to safe water and sanitation for 
                developing countries a specific policy objective of 
                United States foreign assistance programs;
                    (B) requires the Secretary of State to--
                            (i) develop a strategy to elevate the role 
                        of water and sanitation policy; and
                            (ii) improve the effectiveness of United 
                        States assistance programs undertaken in 
                        support of that strategy;
                    (C) codifies Target 10 of the United Nations 
                Millennium Development Goals; and
                    (D) seeks to reduce by half between 1990 (the 
                baseline year) and 2015--
                            (i) the proportion of people who are unable 
                        to reach or afford safe drinking water; and
                            (ii) the proportion of people without 
                        access to basic sanitation.
            (2) On December 20, 2006, the United Nations General 
        Assembly, in GA Resolution 61/192, declared 2008 as the 
        International Year of Sanitation, in recognition of the impact 
        of sanitation on public health, poverty reduction, economic and 
        social development, and the environment.
            (3) On August 1, 2008, Congress passed H. Con. Res. 318, 
        which--
                    (A) supports the goals and ideals of the 
                International Year of Sanitation; and
                    (B) recognizes the importance of sanitation on 
                public health, poverty reduction, economic and social 
                development, and the environment.
            (4) While progress is being made on safe water and 
        sanitation efforts--
                    (A) more than 884,000,000 people throughout the 
                world lack access to safe drinking water; and
                    (B) 2 of every 5 people in the world do not have 
                access to basic sanitation services.
            (5) The health consequences of unsafe drinking water and 
        poor sanitation are significant, accounting for--
                    (A) nearly 10 percent of the global burden of 
                disease; and
                    (B) more than 2,000,000 deaths each year.
            (6) Water scarcity has negative consequences for 
        agricultural productivity and food security for the 
        1,200,000,000 people who, as of 2010, suffer from chronic 
        hunger and seriously threatens the ability of the world to more 
        than double food production to meet the demands of a projected 
        population of 9,000,000,000 people by 2050.
            (7) The effects of climate change are expected to produce 
        severe consequences for water availability and resource 
        management in the future, with 2,800,000,000 people in more 
        than 48 countries expected to face severe and chronic water 
        shortages by 2025.
            (8) According to the November 2008 report entitled, 
        ``Global Trends 2025: A Transformed World'', the National 
        Intelligence Council expects rapid urbanization and future 
        population growth to exacerbate already limited access to 
        water, particularly in agriculture-based economies.
            (9) A 2009 report published in the Proceedings of the 
        National Academy of Sciences projects that the effects of 
        climate change will produce long-term droughts and raise sea 
        levels for the next 1,000 years, regardless of future efforts 
        to combat climate change.
            (10) According to the 2005 Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 
        commissioned by the United Nations, more than \1/5\ of the 
        world population relies on freshwater that is either polluted 
        or excessively withdrawn.
            (11) The impact of water scarcity on conflict and 
        instability is evident in many parts of the world, including 
        the Darfur region of Sudan, where demand for water resources 
        has contributed to armed conflict between nomadic ethnic groups 
        and local farming communities.
            (12) In order to further the United States contribution to 
        safe water and sanitation efforts, it is necessary to--
                    (A) expand foreign assistance capacity to address 
                the challenges described in this section; and
                    (B) represent issues related to water and 
                sanitation at the highest levels of United States 
                foreign assistance and diplomatic deliberations, 
                including those related to issues of global health, 
                food security, the environment, global warming, and 
                maternal and child mortality.

SEC. 3. SENSE OF CONGRESS.

    It is the sense of Congress that the United States should lead a 
global effort to bring sustainable access to clean water and sanitation 
to poor people throughout the world.

SEC. 4. PURPOSE.

    The purpose of this Act is--
            (1) to enable first-time access to safe water and 
        sanitation, on a sustainable basis, for 100,000,000 people in 
        high priority countries (as designated under section 6(f) of 
        the Senator Paul Simon Water for the Poor Act of 2005 (22 
        U.S.C. 2152h note) within 6 years of the date of enactment of 
        this Act through direct funding, development activities, and 
        partnerships; and
            (2) to enhance the capacity of the United States Government 
        to fully implement the Senator Paul Simon Water for the Poor 
        Act of 2005 (Public Law 109-121).

SEC. 5. DEVELOPING UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT CAPACITY.

    Section 135 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2152h) 
is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(e) Senior Advisor for Water.--
            ``(1) In general.--To carry out the purposes of subsection 
        (a), the Administrator of the United States Agency for 
        International Development shall designate a senior advisor to 
        coordinate and conduct the activities described in this section 
        and the Senator Paul Simon Water for the Poor Act of 2005 
        (Public Law 109-121). The advisor shall report directly to the 
        Administrator and be known as the `Senior Advisor for Water'.
            ``(2) Duties.--The Advisor shall--
                    ``(A) implement this section and the Senator Paul 
                Simon Water for the Poor Act of 2005 (Public Law 109-
                121);
                    ``(B) develop and oversee implementation in high 
                priority countries of country-specific water strategies 
                and expertise, in coordination with appropriate United 
                States Agency for International Development Mission 
                Directors, to enable the goal of providing 100,000,000 
                additional people with sustainable access to safe water 
                and sanitation through direct funding, development 
                activities, and partnerships within 6 years of the date 
                of the enactment of the Senator Paul Simon Water for 
                the World Act of 2010; and
                    ``(C) place primary emphasis on providing safe, 
                affordable, and sustainable drinking water, sanitation, 
                and hygiene in a manner that--
                            ``(i) is consistent with sound water 
                        resource management principles; and
                            ``(ii) utilizes such approaches as direct 
                        service provision, capacity building, 
                        institutional strengthening, regulatory reform, 
                        and partnership collaboration; and
                    ``(D) integrate water strategies with country-
                specific or regional food security strategies.
            ``(3) Capacity.--The Advisor shall be designated 
        appropriate staff and may utilize interagency details or 
        partnerships with universities, civil society, and the private 
        sector, as needed, to strengthen implementation capacity.
    ``(f) Special Coordinator for International Water.--
            ``(1) Establishment.--To increase the capacity of the 
        Department of State to address international issues regarding 
        safe water, sanitation, integrated river basin management, and 
        other international water programs, the Secretary of State 
        shall establish a Special Coordinator for International Water 
        (referred to in this subsection as the `Special Coordinator'), 
        who shall report to the Under Secretary for Democracy and 
        Global Affairs.
            ``(2) Duties.--The Special Coordinator shall--
                    ``(A) oversee and coordinate the diplomatic policy 
                of the United States Government with respect to global 
                freshwater issues, including interagency coordination 
                related to--
                            ``(i) sustainable access to safe drinking 
                        water, sanitation, and hygiene;
                            ``(ii) integrated river basin and watershed 
                        management;
                            ``(iii) global food security;
                            ``(iv) transboundary conflict;
                            ``(v) agricultural and urban productivity 
                        of water resources;
                            ``(vi) disaster recovery, response, and 
                        rebuilding,
                            ``(vii) pollution mitigation; and
                            ``(viii) adaptation to hydrologic change 
                        due to climate variability; and
                    ``(B) ensure that international freshwater issues 
                are represented--
                            ``(i) within the United States Government; 
                        and
                            ``(ii) in key diplomatic, development, and 
                        scientific efforts with other nations and 
                        multilateral organizations.
            ``(3) Support staff.--The Special Coordinator shall be 
        designated appropriate staff to support the duties described in 
        paragraph (2).''.

SEC. 6. SAFE WATER, SANITATION, AND HYGIENE STRATEGY.

    Section 6 of the Senator Paul Simon Water for the Poor Act of 2005 
(22 U.S.C. 2152h note) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b), by adding at the end the following: 
        ``The Coordinator shall take actions to ensure that the safe 
        water and sanitation strategy is integrated into any review or 
        development of a Federal strategy for global development, 
        global health, or global food security that sets forth or 
        establishes the United States mission for global development, 
        guidelines for assistance programs, and how development policy 
        will be coordinated with policies governing trade, immigration, 
        and other relevant international issues.'';
            (2) in subsection (c), by adding at the end the following: 
        ``In developing the program activities needed to implement the 
        strategy, the Secretary shall consider the results of the 
        assessment described in subsection (e)(9).''; and
            (3) in subsection (e)--
                    (A) in paragraph (5), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (B) in paragraph (6), by striking the period at the 
                end and inserting a semicolon; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(7) an assessment of all United States Government foreign 
        assistance allocated to the drinking water and sanitation 
        sector during the 3 previous fiscal years, across all United 
        States Government agencies and programs, including an 
        assessment of the extent to which the United States 
        Government's efforts are reaching and supporting the goal of 
        enabling first-time access to safe water and sanitation on a 
        sustainable basis for 100,000,000 people in high priority 
        countries;
            ``(8) recommendations on what the United States Government 
        would need to do to achieve and support the goals referred to 
        in paragraph (7), in support of the United Nation's Millennium 
        Development Goal on access to safe drinking water; and
            ``(9) an assessment of best practices for mobilizing and 
        leveraging the financial and technical capacity of business, 
        governments, nongovernmental organizations, and civil society 
        in forming public-private partnerships that measurably increase 
        access to safe, affordable, drinking water and sanitation.''.

SEC. 7. DEVELOPING LOCAL CAPACITY.

    The Senator Paul Simon Water for the Poor Act of 2005 (Public Law 
109-121) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating sections 9, 10, and 11 as sections 10, 
        11, and 12, respectively; and
            (2) by inserting after section 8 the following:

``SEC. 9. WATER AND SANITATION INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY-BUILDING PROGRAM.

    ``(a) Establishment.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary of State and the 
        Administrator of the United States Agency for International 
        Development (referred to in this section as the `Secretary' and 
        the `Administrator', respectively), in consultation with host 
        country institutions, the Centers for Disease Control and 
        Prevention, the Department of Agriculture, and other agencies, 
        as appropriate, shall establish, in coordination with mission 
        directors in high priority countries, a program to build the 
        capacity of host country institutions and officials responsible 
        for water and sanitation in countries that receive assistance 
        under section 135 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, 
        including training at appropriate levels, to--
                    ``(A) provide affordable, equitable, and 
                sustainable access to safe drinking water and 
                sanitation;
                    ``(B) educate the populations of such countries 
                about the dangers of unsafe drinking water and lack of 
                proper sanitation; and
                    ``(C) encourage behavior change to reduce 
                individuals' risk of disease from unsafe drinking water 
                and lack of proper sanitation and hygiene.
            ``(2) Expansion.--The Secretary and the Administrator may 
        establish the program described in this section in additional 
        countries if the receipt of such capacity building would be 
        beneficial for promoting access to safe drinking water and 
        sanitation, with due consideration given to good governance.
            ``(3) Capacity.--The Secretary and the Administrator--
                    ``(A) should designate appropriate staff with 
                relevant expertise to carry out the strategy developed 
                under section 6; and
                    ``(B) may utilize, as needed, interagency details 
                or partnerships with universities, civil society, and 
                the private sector to strengthen implementation 
                capacity.
    ``(b) Designation.--The United States Agency for International 
Development Mission Director for each country receiving a `high 
priority' designation under section 6(f) and for each region containing 
a country receiving such designation shall report annually to Congress 
on the status of--
            ``(1) designating safe drinking water and sanitation as a 
        strategic objective;
            ``(2) integrating the water strategy into a food security 
        strategy;
            ``(3) assigning an employee of the United States Agency for 
        International Development as in-country water and sanitation 
        manager to coordinate the in-country implementation of this Act 
        and section 135 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 
        U.S.C. 2152h) with host country officials at various levels of 
        government responsible for water and sanitation, the Department 
        of State, and other relevant United States Government agencies; 
        and
            ``(4) coordinating with the Development Credit Authority 
        and the Global Development Alliance to further the purposes of 
        this Act.''.

SEC. 8. OTHER ACTIVITIES SUPPORTED.

    In addition to the requirements of section 135(c) of the Foreign 
Assistance Act (22 U.S.C. 2152h(c)) the Administrator should--
            ``(5) foster global cooperation on research and technology 
        development, including regional partnerships among water 
        experts to address safe drinking water, sanitation, water 
        resource management, and other water-related issues;
            ``(6) establish regional and cross-border cooperative 
        activities between scientists and specialists that work to 
        share technologies and best practices, mitigate shared water 
        challenges, foster international cooperation, and defuse cross-
        border tensions;
            ``(7) provide grants through the United States Agency for 
        International Development to foster the development, 
        dissemination, and increased and consistent use of low cost and 
        sustainable technologies, such as household water treatment, 
        hand washing stations, and latrines, for providing safe 
        drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene that are suitable for 
        use in high priority countries, particularly in places with 
        limited resources and infrastructure;
            ``(8) in collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control 
        and Prevention, Department of Agriculture, the Environmental 
        Protection Agency, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
        Administration, and other agencies, as appropriate, conduct 
        formative and operational research and monitor and evaluate the 
        effectiveness of programs that provide safe drinking water and 
        sanitation; and
            ``(9) integrate efforts to promote safe drinking water, 
        sanitation and hygiene with existing foreign assistance 
        programs, as appropriate, including activities focused on food 
        security, HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis, maternal and child 
        health, food security, and nutritional support.''.

SEC. 9. MONITORING AND EVALUATION.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of the Congress that--
            (1) achieving United States foreign policy objectives 
        requires the consistent and systematic evaluation of the impact 
        of United States foreign assistance programs and analysis on 
        what programs work and why, when, and where they work;
            (2) the design of assistance programs and projects should 
        include the collection of relevant baseline data required to 
        measure outcomes and impacts;
            (3) the design of assistance programs and projects should 
        reflect the knowledge gained from evaluation and analysis;
            (4) a culture and practice of high quality evaluation 
        should be revitalized at agencies managing foreign assistance 
        programs, which requires that the concepts of evaluation and 
        analysis are used to inform policy and programmatic decisions, 
        including the training of aid professionals in evaluation 
        design and implementation;
            (5) the effective and efficient use of funds cannot be 
        achieved without an understanding of how lessons learned are 
        applicable in various environments and under similar or 
        different conditions; and
            (6) project evaluations should be used as sources of data 
        when running broader analyses of development outcomes and 
        impacts.
    (b) Coordination and Integration.--To the extent possible, the 
Administrator shall coordinate and integrate evaluation of United 
States water programs with the learning, evaluation, and analysis 
efforts of the United States Agency for International Development aimed 
at measuring development impact.

SEC. 10. UPDATED REPORT REGARDING WATER FOR PEACE AND SECURITY.

    Section 11(b) of the Senator Paul Simon Water for the Poor Act of 
2005, as redesignated by section 7, is amended by adding at the end the 
following: ``The report submitted under this subsection shall include 
an assessment of current and likely future political tensions over 
water sources and multidisciplinary assessment of the expected impacts 
of global climate change on water supplies and agricultural 
productivity in 10, 25, and 50 years.''.

SEC. 11. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    (a) In General.--There are authorized to be appropriated for each 
of the 6 fiscal years beginning after the date of the enactment of this 
Act such sums as may be necessary to carry out this Act and the 
amendments made by this Act, pursuant to the criteria set forth in the 
Senator Paul Simon Water for the Poor Act of 2005 (Public Law 109-121).
    (b) Use of Funds.--Any amounts appropriated to implement this Act 
shall be primarily allocated for activities related to safe drinking 
water, sanitation, and hygiene.
                                                       Calendar No. 374

111th CONGRESS

  2d Session

                                 S. 624

                          [Report No. 111-185]

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL

 To provide 100,000,000 people with first-time access to safe drinking 
 water and sanitation on a sustainable basis by 2015 by improving the 
capacity of the United States Government to fully implement the Senator 
               Paul Simon Water for the Poor Act of 2005.

_______________________________________________________________________

                              May 13, 2010

                       Reported with an amendment