[Congressional Bills 111th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 384 Introduced in Senate (IS)]

111th CONGRESS
  1st Session
                                 S. 384

   To authorize appropriations for fiscal years 2010 through 2014 to 
 provide assistance to foreign countries to promote food security, to 
 stimulate rural economies, and to improve emergency response to food 
  crises, to amend the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, and for other 
                               purposes.


_______________________________________________________________________


                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                            February 5, 2009

   Mr. Lugar (for himself, Mr. Casey, and Mr. Durbin) introduced the 
 following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on 
                           Foreign Relations

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
   To authorize appropriations for fiscal years 2010 through 2014 to 
 provide assistance to foreign countries to promote food security, to 
 stimulate rural economies, and to improve emergency response to food 
  crises, to amend the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, and for other 
                               purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Global Food 
Security Act of 2009''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this Act is as 
follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Findings.
Sec. 3. Definitions.
         TITLE I--POLICY OBJECTIVES, PLANNING AND COORDINATION

Sec. 101. Statement of policy.
Sec. 102. Comprehensive food security strategy.
Sec. 103. Reports.
                      TITLE II--BILATERAL PROGRAMS

Sec. 201. Agriculture, rural development, and nutrition.
Sec. 202. Agricultural research.
           TITLE III--UNIVERSITY PARTNERSHIPS FOR AGRICULTURE

Sec. 301. Amendments to Foreign Assistance Act of 1961.
              TITLE IV--EMERGENCY RESPONSE TO FOOD CRISES

Sec. 401. Emergency food assistance account.
Sec. 402. Authorization of appropriations.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) Nearly 1,000,000,000 people worldwide suffer from food 
        insecurity, defined as a lack of access to sufficient food to 
        meet dietary needs for an active and healthy life.
            (2) The number of food insecure increased from 849,000,000 
        in 2006 to 982,000,000 in 2007, according to the Department of 
        Agriculture.
            (3) The World Food Programme reports that 25,000 people die 
        each day from malnutrition-related causes.
            (4) The food security situation of lower income countries 
        is projected to continue to deteriorate over the next decade.
            (5) Nearly half of the world's food insecure live in Sub-
        Saharan Africa.
            (6) The agricultural sector comprises large portions of the 
        total labor force in many developing countries, as high as 70 
        to 80 percent in Sub-Saharan Africa, where it also contributes 
        about 35 percent of the total gross national product (GNP).
            (7) Agriculture has been shown to be an efficient engine of 
        economic growth in developing countries, with the benefit of 
        promoting income for the poorest, equity, and social justice.
            (8) A diverse and secure food supply has health benefits, 
        including increasing child survival, improving cognitive and 
        physical development of children, especially those under two 
        years of age, increasing immune system function including 
        resistance to HIV/AIDS, and improving human performance.
            (9) Rapid increases in global food costs since 2007 
        threaten to significantly undermine gains achieved in poverty 
        reduction and health programs.
            (10) The poor in developing countries spend as much as 50 
        to 70 percent of their incomes on food.
            (11) Three out of five of those suffering from hunger are 
        rural small-scale agriculturalists. One out of five is a rural 
        landless laborer, and another one-fifth are urban poor, 
        according to the United Nations Hunger Task Force.
            (12) Women, who are often heads of households, comprise a 
        large proportion of small holders and face unique challenges 
        and heightened vulnerability to food insecurity.
            (13) A comprehensive approach to long-term food security 
        should encompass improvements in nutrition, education, 
        agricultural infrastructure and productivity, finance and 
        markets, safety net programs, job creation, household incomes, 
        research and technology, and the environment.

SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS.

    In this Act:
            (1) Administrator.--The term ``Administrator'' means the 
        Administrator of the United States Agency for International 
        Development.
            (2) Appropriate congressional committees.--The term 
        ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
                    (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the 
                Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and
                    (B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the 
                Committee on Appropriations of the House of 
                Representatives.
            (3) Chronic food insecurity.--The term ``chronic food 
        insecurity'' means ongoing and persistent lack of access to 
        sufficient food to meet dietary needs for an active and healthy 
        life.
            (4) Extreme poverty.--The term ``extreme poverty'' means 
        income of less than half of the poverty level as defined by the 
        International Bank for Reconstruction and Development for the 
        relevant year.
            (5) Institution of higher education.--The term 
        ``institution of higher education'' means educational 
        institutions providing post-secondary education and training.

         TITLE I--POLICY OBJECTIVES, PLANNING AND COORDINATION

SEC. 101. STATEMENT OF POLICY.

    It is the policy of the United States to promote global food 
security, to eradicate hunger and malnutrition, to alleviate poverty, 
to improve agricultural productivity and rural development, to support 
the development of institutions of higher learning that will enhance 
human capacity, entrepreneurial skills and job creation, agricultural 
research and technology, and the dissemination of farming techniques to 
all parts of the agriculture sector, and to support sustainable farming 
methods.

SEC. 102. COMPREHENSIVE FOOD SECURITY STRATEGY.

    (a) Special Coordinator.--The President shall designate an 
individual to serve in the Executive Office of the President as the 
Special Coordinator for Food Security. The coordinator shall assist the 
President by--
            (1) advising the President on international food security 
        issues;
            (2) taking such actions as are necessary to ensure the 
        coordination of the food security efforts and programs of the 
        United States, including the activities of Federal agencies; 
        and
            (3) overseeing the development and implementation of the 
        strategy described in subsection (b).
    (b) Content of Strategy.--The strategy referred to in subsection 
(a)(3) is a comprehensive food security strategy that--
            (1) includes specific and measurable goals, benchmarks and 
        time frames, and a plan of action to achieve the objectives 
        described in section 101;
            (2) seeks, to the greatest extent possible, to encourage 
        the leverage of--
                    (A) resources of private sector providers of 
                agriculture inputs, processors, and marketers, 
                including through the Global Development Alliances of 
                the United States Agency for International Development 
                and other measures;
                    (B) consultation with the academic and research 
                community, private voluntary organizations, and other 
                program implementers;
                    (C) the coordination of United States food security 
                efforts with similar efforts of international 
                organizations, international financial institutions, 
                the governments of developing and developed countries, 
                and United States and international nongovernmental 
                organizations; and
                    (D) the incorporation of approaches directed at 
                reaching women living in poverty.
            (3) provides appropriate linkages with United States 
        international health programs, such as the President's 
        Emergency Plan for HIV/AIDS Relief;
            (4) reflects a whole-of-government approach that 
        incorporates and encompasses the programs of relevant Federal 
        departments and agencies that engage in some aspect of food 
        security, including the Department of State, the United States 
        Agency for International Development, the Department of 
        Agriculture, the Department of Defense, the Millennium 
        Challenge Corporation, the Department of the Treasury, the 
        Office of the United States Trade Representative, and the 
        Department of Health and Human Services; and
            (5) provides annual monitoring and evaluation of the 
        program addressing progress toward improving access to food, 
        availability of food, utilization of food, and risk factors 
        associated with food insecure populations.
    (c) Implementation.--The United States Agency for International 
Development shall be the lead agency in implementing the strategy 
described in subsection (b).

SEC. 103. REPORTS.

    (a) Annual Reports.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than one year after the date of 
        the enactment of this Act, and not later than December 31 of 
        each year thereafter through 2014, the President shall submit 
        to the appropriate congressional committees a report on the 
        implementation of the strategy described in section 102(b).
            (2) Content.--The report required under paragraph (1) shall 
        include--
                    (A) a copy of the strategy and an indication of any 
                changes made in the strategy during the preceding 
                calendar year;
                    (B) an assessment of progress made during the 
                preceding calendar year toward meeting the objectives 
                described in section 101 and the specific goals, 
                benchmarks, and time frames specified in the strategy 
                described in section 102(b);
                    (C) a description of United States Government 
                programs contributing to the achievement of the 
                objectives described in section 101, including the 
                amounts expended on such programs during the preceding 
                fiscal year; and
                    (D) an assessment of United States efforts to 
                encourage and leverage business and philanthropic 
                participation in United States food security programs 
                and to coordinate such programs with similar efforts of 
                international organizations, international financial 
                institutions, the governments of developing and 
                developed countries, and United States and 
                international nongovernmental organizations.
            (3) Government accountability office report.--Not later 
        than 270 days after the submission of each report under 
        paragraph (1), the Comptroller General of the United States 
        shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a 
        report that contains--
                    (A) a review of, and comments addressing, the 
                report submitted under paragraph (1); and
                    (B) recommendations relating to any additional 
                actions the Comptroller General determines to be 
                necessary to improve a global food security strategy 
                and its implementation.
    (b) Program Review.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 4 years after the date of 
        the enactment of this Act, the President shall submit to the 
        appropriate congressional committees a report containing--
                    (A) an assessment of progress made during the 
                preceding four years toward meeting the objectives 
                described in section 101 and the specific goals, 
                benchmarks, and time frames specified in the strategy 
                described in section 102(b); and
                    (B) an evaluation of the impact during the 
                preceding four years of United States food security 
                programs on food security, health, and economic growth 
                in countries suffering from chronic food insecurity.
            (2) Basis for report.--The report required under paragraph 
        (1) shall be based on assessments and impact evaluations 
        utilizing sound quantitative and qualitative methodologies and 
        techniques used in the behavioral sciences.

                      TITLE II--BILATERAL PROGRAMS

SEC. 201. AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, AND NUTRITION.

    (a) Authority.--Section 103(a)(1) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 
1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151a(a)(1)) is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``; and'' and 
        inserting a semicolon;
            (2) in subparagraph (C), by striking the period at the end 
        and inserting ``; and''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following new subparagraphs:
            ``(D) to expand the economic participation of people living 
        in extreme poverty and those who lack access to agriculturally 
        productive land, including through productive safety net 
        programs and health and nutrition programs, and to integrate 
        those living in extreme poverty into the economy;
            ``(E) to support conservation farming and other sustainable 
        agricultural techniques to respond to changing climatic 
        conditions and water shortages; and
            ``(F) to improve nutrition of vulnerable populations, such 
        as children under the age of two years old, and pregnant or 
        lactating women.''.
    (b) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated to the President to provide assistance under section 103 
of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151a) for the purpose 
of carrying out activities under this section, in addition to funds 
otherwise available for such purpose--
            (1) $750,000,000 for fiscal year 2010;
            (2) $1,000,000,000 for fiscal year 2011;
            (3) $1,500,000,000 for fiscal year 2012;
            (4) $2,000,000,000 for fiscal year 2013; and
            (5) $2,500,000,000 for fiscal year 2014.

SEC. 202. AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH.

    Section 103A of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 
2151a-1) is amended in the first sentence--
            (1) by striking ``, and (3) make'' and inserting ``, (3) 
        make''; and
            (2) by striking the period at the end and inserting ``, and 
        (4) include research on biotechnological advances appropriate 
        to local ecological conditions, including genetically modified 
        technology.''.

           TITLE III--UNIVERSITY PARTNERSHIPS FOR AGRICULTURE

SEC. 301. AMENDMENT TO FOREIGN ASSISTANCE ACT OF 1961.

    Title XII of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2220a et 
seq.) is amended to read as follows:

          ``TITLE XII--UNIVERSITY PARTNERSHIPS FOR AGRICULTURE

``SEC. 296. FINDINGS AND PURPOSE.

    ``(a) Findings.--Congress makes the following findings:
            ``(1) Agriculture has been a driver of economic growth as 
        the foundation of industry and commerce in developed countries.
            ``(2) Institutions of higher education, including 
        vocational education, can promote a robust agriculture sector 
        through the dissemination of knowledge, the building of human 
        capital, research and technology, and extension.
            ``(3) According to a World Bank study, higher education 
        contributes to national productivity, raises living standards, 
        and improves the ability of a country to compete globally.
            ``(4) Enrollment rates in higher education are 5 percent in 
        Africa, 10 percent in South Asia, 19 percent in East Asia, and 
        23 percent in North Africa and the Middle East.
            ``(5) Universities in the United States have a history of 
        serving as engines of development.
            ``(6) Many universities in the United States have 
        experience in partnering with foreign universities on faculty 
        and student exchanges, curriculum development, joint research 
        projects, and extension.
            ``(7) Land-grant universities and other universities in the 
        United States have demonstrated their ability to cooperate with 
        international agencies, educational and research institutions 
        in other countries, the private sector, and nongovernmental 
        organizations worldwide in expanding global agricultural 
        production, processing, business and trade, and promoting 
        better management of agricultural and natural resources, 
        including adaptation to the effects of climate change, to the 
        benefit of aid recipient countries and the United States.
            ``(8) Population growth will exert pressures on food 
        supplies and prices and require investments in increased 
        agricultural productivity, processing, marketing, trade, 
        research, extension, and technology in order to provide food 
        security, ensure health, and build the basis for economic 
        growth.
            ``(9) United States foreign assistance support for higher 
        education has declined from the 1990s.
            ``(10) Global food security is in the interest of the 
        United States because it promotes stability and economic 
        growth, increases trade opportunities, and alleviates hunger 
        and poverty.
    ``(b) Purpose.--The purpose of this title is to authorize United 
States assistance that promotes food security, agriculture 
productivity, rural development, poverty and malnutrition alleviation, 
and environmental sustainability by engaging the expertise of United 
States institutions of higher education in collaboration with public 
and private institutions in developing countries.

``SEC. 297. DEFINITIONS.

    ``In this title:
            ``(1) United states universities.--The terms `United States 
        universities' and `United States institutions of higher 
        education' mean those colleges or universities in each State, 
        territory, or possession of the United States, or the District 
        of Columbia--
                    ``(A) now receiving, or which may hereafter 
                receive, benefits under the Act of July 2, 1862 
                (commonly known as the First Morrill Act) (7 U.S.C. 301 
                et seq.), or the Act of August 30, 1890 (known as the 
                Second Morrill Act) (7 U.S.C. 321 et seq.), which are 
                commonly known as `land-grant' universities;
                    ``(B) institutions now designated or which may 
                hereafter be designated as sea-grant colleges under the 
                National Sea Grant College and Program Act (33 U.S.C. 
                1121 et seq.), which are commonly known as sea-grant 
                colleges;
                    ``(C) Native American land-grant colleges as 
                authorized under the Equity in Educational Land-Grant 
                Status Act of 1994 (Public Law 103-382; 7 U.S.C. 301 
                note); and
                    ``(D) other United States colleges and universities 
                that--
                            ``(i) have demonstrable capacity in 
                        teaching, research, and extension (including 
                        outreach) activities in the agricultural 
                        sciences; and
                            ``(ii) can contribute effectively to the 
                        attainment of the objective of this title.
            ``(2) Administrator.--The term `Administrator' means the 
        Administrator of the United States Agency for International 
        Development.
            ``(3) Public and private partners of universities.--The 
        term `public and private partners of universities' includes 
        entities that have cooperative or contractual agreements with 
        universities, which may include formal or informal associations 
        of universities, other education institutions, United States 
        Government and State agencies, private voluntary organizations, 
        nongovernmental organizations, firms operated for profit, 
        nonprofit organizations, multinational banks, and, as 
        designated by the Administrator, any organizations, 
        institutions, or agencies incorporated in foreign countries.
            ``(4) Agriculture.--The term `agriculture' means the 
        science and practice of activities related to food, feed, 
        livestock, or fiber production, processing, marketing, 
        distribution, utilization, and trade, and encompasses the study 
        and practice of family and consumer sciences, nutrition, food 
        sciences, forestry, wildlife, fisheries, aquaculture, 
        floraculture, livestock management, veterinary medicine, and 
        other environmental and natural resource sciences.

``SEC. 298. AUTHORITY.

    ``(a) In General.--In order to eradicate hunger and malnutrition, 
establish global food security, promote growth in agricultural 
productivity, trade expansion, and the sustainable use of natural 
resources, and alleviate poverty, the President is authorized to 
provide assistance on such terms and conditions as he may determine to 
implement program components through United States land-grant 
universities, other eligible universities, and public and private 
partners of universities in the United States and other countries, 
consistent with sections 103 and 103A of this Act, for the following 
purposes:
            ``(1) Research on problems affecting food, agriculture, 
        forestry, livestock, and fisheries.
            ``(2) Improved human capacity and institutional capacity 
        for the global application of agricultural and related 
        environmental sciences.
            ``(3) Agricultural development and trade research and 
        extension services to support the access of rural populations 
        to national and global markets.
            ``(4) The application of agricultural sciences to solving 
        food, health, nutrition, rural income, and environmental 
        problems, especially among chronically food insecure 
        populations.
    ``(b) Types of Support.--Assistance provided pursuant to this 
section may include support for--
            ``(1) continued efforts by international agricultural 
        research centers and other international research entities to 
        provide a global network, including United States universities 
        and foreign universities, for international scientific 
        collaboration on crops, livestock, forests, fisheries, farming 
        resources, sustainable agricultural and land management 
        technology, and food systems of global importance;
            ``(2) long-term collaborative research support programs 
        between United States and foreign institutions of higher 
        education including the training of students, teachers, 
        extension specialists, and researchers;
            ``(3) broad dissemination of agricultural research through 
        extension, cooperatively with existing public or private 
        extension systems;
            ``(4) the participation of universities and public and 
        private partners of universities in programs of multilateral 
        banks and agencies that receive United States assistance;
            ``(5) an expansion of learning opportunities about 
        agriculture for students, teachers, school administrators, 
        community leaders, entrepreneurs, and the general public 
        through international internships and exchanges, graduate 
        assistantships, faculty positions, and other means of education 
        and extension;
            ``(6) competitive grants to United States universities, 
        public and private partners of universities, and universities 
        in other countries for research, institution and policy 
        development, extension, training, and other programs for global 
        agricultural development, trade and the responsible management 
        of natural resources; and
            ``(7) support for developing and strengthening national 
        agricultural research systems in developing countries.
    ``(c) Objectives.--Programs under this title shall be carried out 
so as to utilize the capabilities of United States universities to 
assist--
            ``(1) in developing institutional capacity in recipient 
        countries for classroom teaching in agriculture, plant and 
        animal sciences, human nutrition, vocational training, 
        extension services, and business training;
            ``(2) in agricultural research conducted in recipient 
        countries, at international agricultural research centers, or 
        in the United States;
            ``(3) in the planning, initiation, and development of 
        extension services through which information concerning 
        agriculture, farming techniques, environment, nutrition, and 
        related subjects will be made available to farmers and farming 
        communities in recipient countries; and
            ``(4) in the exchange of educators, students, and 
        scientists for the purpose of assisting in successful 
        development in recipient countries.
    ``(d) Role of Administrator.--The President shall exercise his 
authority under this title through the Administrator.
    ``(e) Collaborative Research Support Program.--Of the amounts 
authorized to be appropriated under section 201(b) of the Global Food 
Security Act of 2009, up to $45,000,000 may be made available annually 
for the Collaborative Research Support Program for fiscal years 2010 
through 2014.
    ``(f) Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research.--
Of the amounts authorized to be appropriated under section 201(b) of 
the Global Food Security Act of 2009, up to $50,000,000 may be made 
available annually for core long-term research for the Consultative 
Group on International Agricultural Research for fiscal years 2010 
through 2014.
    ``(g) Board for Higher Education Collaboration for Technology, 
Agriculture, Research, and Extension.--
            ``(1) Establishment.--The Administrator shall establish a 
        permanent Board for Higher Education Collaboration for 
        Technology, Agriculture, Research, and Extension (referred to 
        as `Board') for purposes of assisting the Administrator in the 
        administration of the HECTARE Program, the Collaborative 
        Research Support Program, and all other manner of university 
        engagement authorized under this title.
            ``(2) Membership.--The Board shall consist of at least 7 
        members, of whom--
                    ``(A) not less than 4 shall be selected from United 
                States universities; and
                    ``(B) not less than 3 shall be selected from 
                representatives of nongovernmental organizations or 
                international education consortia devoted to 
                agriculture research and education.
            ``(3) Duties.--The duties of the Board shall include the 
        following:
                    ``(A) Responsibility for advising the Administrator 
                on issues related to the planning, implementation, and 
                monitoring of activities described in this title.
                    ``(B) Advising the Administrator on the formulation 
                of basic policy, program design, procedures, and 
                criteria for the HECTARE Program.
                    ``(C) Advising the Administrator on the 
                qualifications of interested institutions of higher 
                education based on--
                            ``(i) their ability to work collaboratively 
                        to improve agricultural production, scientific 
                        research, and the dissemination of sustainable 
                        agricultural technologies;
                            ``(ii) their commitment to expanding and 
                        applying their academic, teaching, research, 
                        and outreach capacities; and
                            ``(iii) their commitment to partner with 
                        private organizations, civil society, other 
                        universities, and government entities.
                    ``(D) Advising the Administrator on which countries 
                could benefit from programs carried out under section 
                299 and have an interest in establishing or developing 
                agricultural institutions that engage in teaching, 
                research, or extension services.
                    ``(E) Making recommendations to the Administrator 
                on the means to improve the effectiveness of activities 
                authorized by this title and undertaken by universities 
                and public and private partners of universities.
                    ``(F) Assessing the impact of programs carried out 
                under this title in solving agricultural problems, 
                improving global food security, addressing natural 
                resource issues, and strengthening institutional 
                capacity at foreign university partners in developing 
                countries.
                    ``(G) Reviewing issues concerning implementation of 
                this title as requested by universities and making 
                recommendations to the Administrator on their 
                resolution.
                    ``(H) Advising the Administrator on any and all 
                issues as requested.
            ``(4) Review of collaborative research support program.--
        Not later than 1 year after the appointment of the members of 
        the Board, the Board shall conduct a review of the 
        Collaborative Research Support Program (CRSP) with regard to 
        the research focus of existing CRSP activities and their 
        relevance to addressing hunger, malnutrition, agricultural 
        productivity, and poverty alleviation, and shall make 
        recommendations to the Administrator to strengthen the CRSP 
        program.
            ``(5) Subordinate units.--The Administrator may authorize 
        the Board to create such subordinate units as may be necessary 
        for the performance of its duties.
            ``(6) Annual report consultation.--The Board shall be 
        consulted in the preparation of the annual report required by 
        section 299A and on other agricultural development activities 
        related to programs under this title.
            ``(7) Term.--The terms of members shall be set by the 
        Administrator at the time they are appointed.
            ``(8) Reimbursement of expenses.--Members of the Board 
        shall be entitled to such reimbursement of expenses incurred in 
        the performance of their duties (including per diem in lieu of 
        subsistence while away from their homes or regular place of 
        business) as the Administrator deems appropriate on a case-by-
        case basis.

``SEC. 299. HIGHER EDUCATION COLLABORATION FOR TECHNOLOGY, AGRICULTURE, 
              RESEARCH AND EXTENSION.

    ``(a) Purpose.--The purpose of this section is to provide United 
States assistance for the development of higher educational capacity in 
the field of agriculture in a manner that builds and strengthens 
institutional and human capacity of developing countries in the field 
of agriculture and related sciences, promotes entrepreneurship and 
economic growth in rural areas, increases agricultural productivity and 
sustainable agriculture, alleviates poverty and malnutrition, promotes 
nutritional diversity, and promotes good government through the 
participation of United States institutions of higher education.
    ``(b) Establishment of Program.--Not later than 90 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall establish a 
program to be known as the Higher Education Collaboration for 
Technology, Agriculture, Research, and Extension (in this section 
referred to as the `Program' or `HECTARE') for the purpose of providing 
assistance in support of policies and programs in eligible countries 
that advance hunger alleviation by increasing agricultural productivity 
and rural development through partnerships with institutions of higher 
education.
    ``(c) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Assistance plan.--The term `assistance plan' means a 
        multi-year plan developed by the United States Agency for 
        International Development in coordination with a foreign 
        government or university to provide assistance for agricultural 
        education programs at a country or regional level.
            ``(2) Board.--The term `Board' means the Board for Higher 
        Education Collaboration for Technology, Agriculture, Research, 
        and Extension.
            ``(3) Hectare school.--The term `HECTARE school' means an 
        institution of higher education in an eligible country that is 
        designated as the lead educational institution for purposes of 
        a country or regional assistance plan.
            ``(4) Eligible country.--The term `eligible country' means 
        a country that meets the requirements of subsection (g).
    ``(d) Form of Assistance.--Assistance may be provided under this 
section in the form of grants, cooperative agreements, or contracts to 
or with eligible entities described in subsection (h) and shall be 
provided pursuant to assistance plans as described in subsection (f). 
Assistance may not be provided under this section in the form of loans.
    ``(e) Use of Funds.--Assistance provided under this section may be 
used to provide support to HECTARE schools or, where appropriate, other 
institutions of higher education in eligible countries for the 
following purposes:
            ``(1) Academic exchange programs for students, faculty 
        members, extension educators, and school administrators with 
        HECTARE schools, other institutions of higher education, and 
        United States universities.
            ``(2) Strengthening agricultural sciences curricula, 
        including vocational training.
            ``(3) Increasing research capacity, output, and quality.
            ``(4) Improving the dissemination of information and 
        technology to farmers and others engaged in agriculture.
            ``(5) Identifying leading educational institutions uniquely 
        able to serve as regional hubs to promote the purposes 
        specified in paragraphs (1) through (4) and promoting 
        cooperation between such institutions and other educational 
        institutions through regional networks.
    ``(f) Assistance Plans.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Administrator shall provide 
        assistance under this section pursuant to an assistance plan 
        developed in coordination with an eligible country that 
        establishes a multi-year plan for significantly improving 
        agricultural productivity and investing in rural economies 
        through the strengthening of agricultural programs at 
        institutions of higher education.
            ``(2) Elements.--An assistance plan should--
                    ``(A) take into account the national development 
                strategy of the eligible country or the participation 
                of the eligible country in a regional development 
                strategy;
                    ``(B) identify an institution of higher education 
                for designation as a HECTARE school that has programs 
                in agricultural sciences;
                    ``(C) identify the partnership between the HECTARE 
                school and other institutions of higher education that 
                may include schools or research institutions in the 
                United States and foreign countries, government 
                agencies, including local and regional governments, 
                private business, and civil society;
                    ``(D) identify appropriate channels for 
                dissemination of farming techniques to the field; and
                    ``(E) identify the plans of the HECTARE school 
                for--
                            ``(i) conducting agricultural research and 
                        technology transfer and extension;
                            ``(ii) strengthening the teaching of 
                        agriculture science, including programs aimed 
                        at curriculum, faculty, and students;
                            ``(iii) improving university 
                        administration; and
                            ``(iv) establishing methods by which to 
                        engage with other institutions of higher 
                        education to fulfill the purposes of the 
                        Program.
    ``(g) Eligible Countries.--
            ``(1) Criteria.--The Administrator shall, in consultation 
        with the Board, identify eligible countries for purposes of 
        this section. Such determination shall be based, to the maximum 
        extent possible, upon objective and quantifiable indicators of 
        a country's demonstrated commitment to the following:
                    ``(A) Investments in, and support for, rural 
                economies, including the protection of private property 
                rights, the promotion of private sector growth and 
                sustainable management of natural resources, the rights 
                of women, and the well-being of women and children.
                    ``(B) Raising agricultural productivity of small- 
                and medium-sized farms.
                    ``(C) Alleviating poverty and hunger among the 
                entire population.
                    ``(D) Strengthening the system of higher education 
                with regard to agricultural sciences, teaching, 
                research, and technology.
                    ``(E) The wide dissemination of farming techniques, 
                especially to small- and medium-sized farmers.
                    ``(F) Good governance, transparency, and anti-
                corruption policies.
            ``(2) Additional factors.--The Administrator, in selecting 
        eligible countries, shall consider--
                    ``(A) the extent to which the country clearly meets 
                or exceeds the eligibility criteria;
                    ``(B) the opportunity to increase agricultural 
                productivity, enhance human and institutional capacity, 
                and reduce hunger in the country;
                    ``(C) the availability of funds to carry out this 
                section;
                    ``(D) the percentage of the country's population 
                that faces chronic food insecurity; and
                    ``(E) the existence of an institution of higher 
                education in a food secure country that can serve as a 
                regional hub for assistance to other schools in need of 
                assistance in countries experiencing chronic food 
                insecurity.
    ``(h) Eligible Entities.--Entities eligible for assistance under 
this section are the following:
            ``(1) United States universities working in partnership 
        with HECTARE schools in eligible countries.
            ``(2) HECTARE schools and other institutions of higher 
        education in eligible countries.
            ``(3) Nongovernmental organizations or private entities.
    ``(i) Authorization of Appropriations.--Of the amounts authorized 
pursuant to the authorization of appropriations under section 201(b) of 
the Global Food Security Act of 2009, there is authorized to be 
appropriated to the President for the purpose of carrying out 
activities under this section--
            ``(1) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2010;
            ``(2) $200,000,000 for fiscal year 2011;
            ``(3) $300,000,000 for fiscal year 2012;
            ``(4) $400,000,000 for fiscal year 2013; and
            ``(5) $500,000,000 for fiscal year 2014.
    ``(j) Disclosure of Funding Received by United States 
Universities.--The Administrator shall prescribe regulations providing 
for the utilization by United States universities of alternative 
sources of public and private funding to carry out the purposes of this 
title and requiring the disclosure, not less than annually, of all such 
alternative funding, both prospective and received.

``SEC. 299A. ANNUAL REPORT.

    ``Not later than October 1, 2010, and annually thereafter, the 
President shall submit to Congress a report detailing the activities 
carried out under this title during the preceding fiscal year and 
containing a projection of programs and activities to be conducted in 
the following year.''.

              TITLE IV--EMERGENCY RESPONSE TO FOOD CRISES

SEC. 401. EMERGENCY FOOD ASSISTANCE ACCOUNT.

    (a) Authority.--Whenever the President determines it to be 
important to the national interest, the President may furnish on such 
terms and conditions as he may determine appropriate assistance under 
this Act or the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.) 
for the purpose of meeting unexpected urgent food assistance needs, 
notwithstanding any provision of law which restricts assistance to 
foreign countries.
    (b) Establishment of Account.--
            (1) Establishment.--There is established a United States 
        Emergency Food Assistance Fund to carry out the purposes of 
        this section (in this section referred to as the ``Fund'').
            (2) Authorization of appropriations.--There are authorized 
        to be appropriated to the President from time to time such sums 
        as may be necessary for the Fund to carry out the purposes of 
        this section, except that no amount of funds may be 
        appropriated which, when added to amounts previously 
        appropriated but not yet obligated for such purpose, would 
        cause the total of such appropriated amounts to exceed 
        $500,000,000.
            (3)  Availability of funds.--Amounts appropriated pursuant 
        to this section shall remain available until expended.
    (c) Use of Funds.--Assistance provided under this section may 
include--
            (1) the local and regional purchase and distribution of 
        food; and
            (2) the provision of emergency non-food assistance, 
        including vouchers or cash transfers, safety net programs, or 
        other appropriate non-food assistance.
    (d) Limited Delegation of Authority.--The authority under 
subsection (a) may be delegated to the Administrator, provided that not 
more than $100,000,000 may be made available in any fiscal year 
pursuant to determinations made by the Administrator pursuant to the 
delegation of such authority.
    (e) Reporting Requirements.--The Administration shall submit a 
report to the appropriate congressional committees not later than 5 
days before providing assistance pursuant to a determination made under 
this section. The report shall indicate the unexpected urgent food 
needs to be addressed by the assistance and the amount of assistance to 
be provided.

SEC. 402. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    There is authorized to be appropriated $500,000,000 for fiscal year 
2010 for the purpose of carrying out this title.
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