Short title

This Act may be cited as the

Enemy Belligerent Interrogation, Detention, and Prosecution Act of 2010

Placement of suspected unprivileged enemy belligerents in military custody

(a)

Military custody requirement

Whenever within the United States, its territories, and possessions, or outside the territorial limits of the United States, an individual is captured or otherwise comes into the custody or under the effective control of the United States who is suspected of engaging in hostilities against the United States or its coalition partners through an act of terrorism, or by other means in violation of the laws of war, or of purposely and materially supporting such hostilities, and who may be an unprivileged enemy belligerent, the individual shall be placed in military custody for purposes of initial interrogation and determination of status in accordance with the provisions of this Act. (b)

Reasonable delay for intelligence activities

An individual who may be an unprivileged enemy belligerent and who is initially captured or otherwise comes into the custody or under the effective control of the United States by an intelligence agency of the United States may be held, interrogated, or transported by the intelligence agency and placed into military custody for purposes of this Act if retained by the United States within a reasonable time after the capture or coming into the custody or effective control by the intelligence agency, giving due consideration to operational needs and requirements to avoid compromise or disclosure of an intelligence mission or intelligence sources or methods.

Interrogation and determination of status of suspected unprivileged enemy belligerents

(a)

Establishment of interrogation groups

(1)

Establishment authorized

The President is authorized to establish an interagency team for purposes as follows: (A)To interrogate under subsection (b) individuals placed in military custody under section 2. (B)To make under subsection (c)(1) a preliminary determination of the status of individuals described in section 2. (2)

Composition

Each interagency team under this subsection shall be composed of such personnel of the Executive Branch having expertise in matters relating to national security, terrorism, intelligence, interrogation, or law enforcement as the President considers appropriate. The members of any particular interagency team may vary depending on the skills most relevant to a particular case. (3)

Designations

(A)

High-value detainee

An individual placed in military custody under section 2 shall, while subject to interrogation and determination of status under this section, be referred to as a high-value detainee if the individual meets the criteria for treatment as such established in the regulations required by subsection (d). (B)

High-value detainee interrogation group

An interagency team established under this subsection shall be known as a high-value detainee interrogation group. (b)

Interrogations

(1)

Interrogations to be conducted by high-value detainee interrogation group

A high-value detainee interrogation group established under this section shall conduct the interrogations of each high-value detainee. (2)

Utilization of other personnel

A high-value detainee interrogation group may utilize military and intelligence personnel, and Federal, State, and local law enforcement personnel, in conducting interrogations of a high-value detainee. The utilization of such personnel for the interrogation of a detainee shall not alter the responsibility of the interrogation group for the coordination within the Executive Branch of the interrogation of the detainee or the determination of status and disposition of the detainee under this Act. (3)

Inapplicability of certain statement and rights

A individual who is suspected of being an unprivileged enemy belligerent shall not, during interrogation under this subsection, be provided the statement required by Miranda v. Arizona (384 U.S. 436 (1966)) or otherwise be informed of any rights that the individual may or may not have to counsel or to remain silent consistent with Miranda v. Arizona. (c)

Determinations of status

(1)

Preliminary determination by high-value detainee interrogation group

The high-value detainee interrogation group responsible for interrogating a high-value detainee under subsection (b) shall make a preliminary determination whether or not the detainee is an unprivileged enemy belligerent. The interrogation group shall make such determination based on the result of its interrogation of the individual and on all intelligence information available to the interrogation group. The interrogation group shall, after consultation with the Director of National Intelligence, the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, submit such determination to the Secretary of Defense and the Attorney General. (2)

Final determination

As soon as possible after receipt of a preliminary determination of status with respect to a high-value detainee under paragraph (1), the Secretary of Defense and the Attorney General shall jointly submit to the President and to the appropriate committees of Congress a final determination whether or not the detainee is an unprivileged enemy belligerent for purposes of this Act. In the event of a disagreement between the Secretary of Defense and the Attorney General, the President shall make the final determination. (3)

Deadline for determinations

All actions required regarding a high-value detainee under this subsection shall, to the extent practicable, be completed not later than 48 hours after the detainee is placed in military custody under section 2. (d)

Regulations

(1)

In general

The operations and activities of high-value detainee interrogation groups under this section shall be governed by such regulations and guidance as the President shall establish for purposes of implementing this section. The regulations shall specify the officer or officers of the Executive Branch responsible for determining whether an individual placed in military custody under section 2 meets the criteria for treatment as a high-value detainee for purposes of interrogation and determination of status by a high-value interrogation group under this section. (2)

Criteria for designation of individuals as high-value detainees

The regulations required by this subsection shall include criteria for designating an individual as a high-value detainee based on the following: (A)The potential threat the individual poses for an attack on civilians or civilian facilities within the United States or upon United States citizens or United States civilian facilities abroad at the time of capture or when coming under the custody or control of the United States. (B)The potential threat the individual poses to United States military personnel or United States military facilities at the time of capture or when coming under the custody or control of the United States. (C)The potential intelligence value of the individual. (D)Membership in al Qaeda or in a terrorist group affiliated with al Qaeda. (E)Such other matters as the President considers appropriate. (3)

Paramount purpose of interrogations

The regulations required by this subsection shall provide that the paramount purpose of the interrogation of high-value detainees under this Act shall be the protection of United States civilians and United States civilian facilities through thorough and professional interrogation for intelligence purposes. (4)

Submittal to Congress

The President shall submit the regulations and guidance required by this subsection to the appropriate committees of Congress not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act.

Limitation on prosecution of alien unprivileged enemy belligerents

(a)

Limitation

No funds appropriated or otherwise made available to the Department of Justice may be used to prosecute in an Article III court in the United States, or in any territory or possession of the United States, any alien who has been determined to be an unprivileged enemy belligerent under section 3(c)(2). (b)

Applicability pending final determination of status

While a final determination on the status of an alien high-value detainee is pending under section 3(c)(2), the alien shall be treated as an unprivileged enemy belligerent for purposes of subsection (a).

Detention without trial of unprivileged enemy belligerents

An individual, including a citizen of the United States, determined to be an unprivileged enemy belligerent under section 3(c)(2) in a manner which satisfies Article 5 of the Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War may be detained without criminal charges and without trial for the duration of hostilities against the United States or its coalition partners in which the individual has engaged, or which the individual has purposely and materially supported, consistent with the law of war and any authorization for the use of military force provided by Congress pertaining to such hostilities.

Definitions

In this Act: (1)

Act of terrorism

The term act of terrorism means an act of terrorism as that term is defined in section 101(16) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 101(16)). (2)

Alien

The term alien means an individual who is not a citizen of the United States. (3)

Appropriate committees of Congress

The term appropriate committees of Congress means— (A)the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, the Committee on the Judiciary, and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate; and (B)the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Homeland Security, the Committee on the Judiciary, and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives. (4)

Article III court

The term Article III court means a court of the United States established under Article III of the Constitution of the United States. (5)

Coalition partner

The term coalition partner, with respect to hostilities engaged in by the United States, means any State or armed force directly engaged along with the United States in such hostilities or providing direct operational support to the United States in connection with such hostilities. (6)

Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War

The term Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War means the Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, done at Geneva August 12, 1949 (6 UST 3316). (7)

Hostilities

The term hostilities means any conflict subject to the laws of war, and includes a deliberate attack upon civilians and civilian targets protected by the laws of war. (8)

Privileged belligerent

The term privileged belligerent means an individual belonging to one of the eight categories enumerated in Article 4 of the Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War. (9)

Unprivileged enemy belligerent

The term unprivileged enemy belligerent means an individual (other than a privileged belligerent) who— (A)has engaged in hostilities against the United States or its coalition partners; (B)has purposely and materially supported hostilities against the United States or its coalition partners; or (C)was a part of al Qaeda at the time of capture.

Effective date

This Act shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act, and shall apply with respect to individuals who are captured or otherwise come into the custody or under the effective control of the United States on or after that date.