Monitoring, reporting, and public notification of sewer overflows

Section 402 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1342) is amended by adding at the end the following:

(r)

Sewer Overflow Monitoring, Reporting, and Notifications

(1)

General requirements

After the last day of the 180-day period beginning on the date on which regulations are issued under paragraph (4), a permit issued, renewed, or modified under this section by the Administrator or the State, as the case may be, for a publicly owned treatment works shall require, at a minimum, beginning on the date of the issuance, modification, or renewal, that the owner or operator of the treatment works— (A)institute and utilize a feasible methodology, technology, or management program for monitoring sewer overflows to alert the owner or operator to the occurrence of a sewer overflow in a timely manner; (B)in the case of a sewer overflow that has the potential to affect human health, notify the public of the overflow as soon as practicable but not later than 24 hours after the time the owner or operator knows of the overflow; (C)in the case of a sewer overflow that may imminently and substantially endanger human health, notify public health authorities and other affected entities, such as public water systems, of the overflow immediately after the owner or operator knows of the overflow; (D)report each sewer overflow on its discharge monitoring report to the Administrator or the State, as the case may be, by describing— (i)the magnitude, duration, and suspected cause of the overflow; (ii)the steps taken or planned to reduce, eliminate, or prevent recurrence of the overflow; and (iii)the steps taken or planned to mitigate the impact of the overflow; and (E)annually report to the Administrator or the State, as the case may be, the total number of sewer overflows in a calendar year, including— (i)the details of how much wastewater was released per incident; (ii)the duration of each sewer overflow; (iii)the location of the overflow and any potentially affected receiving waters; (iv)the responses taken to clean up the overflow; and (v)the actions taken to mitigate impacts and avoid further sewer overflows at the site. (2)

Exceptions

(A)

Notification requirements

The notification requirements of paragraphs (1)(B) and (1)(C) shall not apply to a sewer overflow that is a wastewater backup into a single-family residence. (B)

Reporting requirements

The reporting requirements of paragraphs (1)(D) and (1)(E) shall not apply to a sewer overflow that is a release of wastewater that occurs in the course of maintenance of the treatment works, is managed consistently with the treatment works’ best management practices, and is intended to prevent sewer overflows. (3)

Report to EPA

Each State shall provide to the Administrator annually a summary of sewer overflows that occurred in the State. (4)

Rulemaking by EPA

Not later than one year after the date of enactment of this subsection, the Administrator, after providing notice and an opportunity for public comment, shall issue regulations to implement this subsection, including regulations to— (A)establish a set of criteria to guide the owner or operator of a publicly owned treatment works in— (i)assessing whether a sewer overflow has the potential to affect human health or may imminently and substantially endanger human health; and (ii)developing communication measures that are sufficient to give notice under paragraphs (1)(B) and (1)(C); and (B)define the terms feasible and timely as such terms apply to paragraph (1)(A), including site specific conditions. (5)

Approval of State notification programs

(A)

Requests for approval

(i)

In general

After the date of issuance of regulations under paragraph (4), a State may submit to the Administrator evidence that the State has in place a legally enforceable notification program that is substantially equivalent to or exceeds the requirements of paragraphs (1)(B) and (1)(C). (ii)

Program review and authorization

If the evidence submitted by a State under clause (i) shows the notification program of the State to be substantially equivalent to or exceeds the requirements of paragraphs (1)(B) and (1)(C), the Administrator shall authorize the State to carry out such program instead of the requirements of paragraphs (1)(B) and (1)(C). (iii)

Factors for determining substantial equivalency

In carrying out a review of a State notification program under clause (ii), the Administrator shall take into account the scope of sewer overflows for which notification is required, the length of time during which notification must be made, the scope of persons who must be notified of sewer overflows, the scope of enforcement activities ensuring that notifications of sewer overflows are made, and such other factors as the Administrator considers appropriate. (B)

Review period

If a State submits evidence with respect to a notification program under subparagraph (A)(i) on or before the last day of the 30-day period beginning on the date of issuance of regulations under paragraph (4), the requirements of paragraphs (1)(B) and (1)(C) shall not begin to apply to a publicly owned treatment works located in the State until the date on which the Administrator completes a review of the notification program under subparagraph (A)(ii). (C)

Withdrawal of authorization

If the Administrator, after conducting a public hearing, determines that a State is not administering and enforcing a State notification program authorized under subparagraph (A)(ii) in accordance with the requirements of this paragraph, the Administrator shall so notify the State and, if appropriate corrective action is not taken within a reasonable time, not to exceed 90 days, the Administrator shall withdraw authorization of such program and enforce the requirements of paragraphs (1)(B) and (1)(C) with respect to the State. (6)

Special rules concerning application of notification requirements

After the last day of the 30-day period beginning on the date of issuance of regulations under paragraph (4), the requirements of paragraphs (1)(B) and (1)(C) shall— (A)apply to the owner or operator of a publicly owned treatment works and be subject to enforcement under section 309, and (B)supersede any notification requirements contained in a permit issued under this section for the treatment works to the extent that the notification requirements are less stringent than the notification requirements of paragraphs (1)(B) and (1)(C),

until such date as a permit is issued, renewed, or modified under this section for the treatment works in accordance with paragraph (1).

(7)

Definitions

In this subsection, the following definitions apply: (A)

Sanitary sewer overflow

The term sanitary sewer overflow means an overflow, spill, release, or diversion of wastewater from a sanitary sewer system. Such term does not include municipal combined sewer overflows or other discharges from the combined portion of a municipal combined storm and sanitary sewer system and does not include wastewater backups into buildings caused by a blockage or other malfunction of a building lateral that is privately owned. Such term includes overflows or releases of wastewater that reach waters of the United States, overflows or releases of wastewater in the United States that do not reach waters of the United States, and wastewater backups into buildings that are caused by blockages or flow conditions in a sanitary sewer other than a building lateral. (B)

Sewer overflow

The term sewer overflow means a sanitary sewer overflow or a municipal combined sewer overflow. (C)

Single-family residence

The term single-family residence means an individual dwelling unit, including an apartment, condominium, house, or dormitory. Such term does not include the common areas of a multi-dwelling structure.