1.Short title; table of
contents
(a)This Act may be cited as the Syria Accountability and Liberation
Act
.
(b)The table of contents of this Act is as follows:
Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Definitions.
Title I—Strengthening United States Sanctions Against
Syria
Sec. 101. Declarations of policy.
Sec. 102. Codification of existing sanctions and continuation
of restrictions against the Government of Syria.
Sec. 103. Sanctions against certain persons.
Sec. 104. Sanctions against certain foreign
countries.
Title II—Sanctions Targeting Syria’s Energy Sector
Sec. 201. Imposition of sanctions.
Sec. 202. Advisory opinions.
Sec. 203. Termination of sanctions.
Sec. 204. Duration of sanctions; Presidential
waiver.
Sec. 205. Determinations not reviewable.
Sec. 206. Exclusion of certain activities.
Title III—Syria Nuclear Weapons Prevention
Sec. 301. Findings.
Sec. 302. Actions within the International Atomic Energy
Agency.
Sec. 303. Restrictions on nuclear cooperation with countries
assisting the nuclear program of Syria.
Sec. 304. Exclusion from the United States of senior officials
of foreign persons who have aided the nuclear program of Syria.
Title IV—Diplomatic Efforts to Isolate the Government of
Syria
Sec. 401. Sense of Congress relating to bilateral
efforts.
Sec. 402. Opposition to Syria’s membership and candidacy for
leadership posts in United Nations institutions.
Sec. 403. Actions at international financial
institutions.
Sec. 404. Establishment of United States and regional contact
groups.
Sec. 405. Report on assistance to, and commerce with,
Syria.
Title V—Assistance to Support Democracy in Syria
Sec. 501. Declarations of policy.
Sec. 502. Assistance to support a transition to democracy in
Syria.
Sec. 503. Condemnation of Syrian human rights
abuses.
2.In this Act:
(1)Appropriate
congressional committeesThe term appropriate congressional
committees means—
(A)the Committee on
Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of
Representatives; and
(B)the Committee on
Foreign Relations and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate.
(2)The terms develop, or the
development
of, mean, with respect to petroleum resources, the
exploration for, or the extraction, refining, or transportation by pipeline of,
petroleum resources.
(3)The terms goods and
technology have the meanings given such terms in section 16 of the
Export Administration Act of 1979 (50 U.S.C. App. 2415).
(4)The term Government of Syria includes any
agency or instrumentality of the Government of Syria, including any entity that
is controlled by the Government of Syria.
(5)
(A)The term investment means any of the
following activities if the activity is undertaken pursuant to an agreement, or
pursuant to the exercise of rights under such an agreement, that is entered
into with the Government of Syria or a nongovernmental entity in Syria on or
after the date of the enactment of this Act:
(i)The
entry into a contract that includes responsibility for the development of
petroleum resources located in Syria, or the entry into a contract providing
for the general supervision and guarantee of another person’s performance of
such a contract.
(ii)The
purchase of a share of ownership, including an equity interest, in that
development.
(iii)The entry into a
contract providing for the participation in royalties, earnings, or profits in
that development, without regard to the form of the participation.
(B)The
term investment does not include the entry into, performance, or
financing of a contract to sell or purchase goods, services, or
technology.
(C)Amendments or
modificationsFor purposes of this paragraph, an amendment or
other modification that is made, on or after the date of the enactment of this
Act, to an agreement or contract shall be treated as the entry into an
agreement or contract.
(6)The
term person means—
(A)a natural person;
or
(B)a corporation,
business association, partnership, society, trust, any other nongovernmental
entity, organization, or group, and any governmental entity operating as a
business enterprise.
(7)The term petroleum resources includes
petroleum and natural gas resources.
(8)The term United States assistance
means—
(A)any assistance
under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.), other than
urgent humanitarian assistance or medicine;
(B)sales and
assistance under the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.);
(C)financing by the
Commodity Credit Corporation for export sales of agricultural commodities;
or
(D)financing under
the Export-Import Bank Act of 1945 (12 U.S.C. 635 et seq.).
<enum>I</enum><header>Strengthening
United States Sanctions Against Syria</header>
<section id="H1B2FB50934274129BB54E78BF75441C1"><enum>101.</enum><header>Declarations of
policy</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Congress makes the
following declarations of policy:</text>
<paragraph id="HD2D2FE75D1744BF98B65C3415491CDF"><enum>(1)</enum><text>The actions of the
Government of the Syrian Arab Republic, including its support for, and
facilitation of, terrorist activities, including inside of Iraq, its
development of long-range missiles and weapons of mass destruction programs and
capabilities, its continued interference with the internal affairs of the
Lebanese Republic in violation of multiple United Nations Security Council
resolutions and of its international obligations, and its massive, systematic,
and extraordinary violations of human rights of the Syrian people, are a threat
to the national security of the United States and international peace.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H6FBEC9882956456284E0E3ECB301CE3"><enum>(2)</enum><text>The policy of the
United States shall be to deny the Government of Syria the ability to carry out
the following:</text>
<subparagraph id="H7CF3C7044924447300F5DD433884CA5D"><enum>(A)</enum><text>To finance,
provide safe-haven, or otherwise support terrorist organizations.</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H5212948952EC45BCA0E9452C13ACF384"><enum>(B)</enum><text>To develop
chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear weapons and long-range ballistic
missiles.</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H25045EDAF71146AAABDADEB62FBF3947"><enum>(C)</enum><text>To continue to
interfere in the affairs of the Government of Lebanon in contravention of
multiple United Nations Security Council resolutions and other pertinent
obligations.</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HD049B5FC45C34B5AABEC63B9AAF35C86"><enum>(D)</enum><text>To continue to
oppress the people of Syria.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H4F77AADCA9844BCE84AB53A09C4B74C7"><enum>(3)</enum><text>The President
should advocate for, and should instruct the United States Permanent
Representative to the United Nations to propose and seek within the United
Nations Security Council, a mandatory international embargo against the
Government of Syria, pursuant to Article 41 of the Charter of the United
Nations.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HDBCC8797ECBA4397AEF8D8F9DBA02025"><enum>(4)</enum><text>Any effort by a
country that is a recipient of United States assistance to facilitate, directly
or indirectly, the development of Syria’s chemical, biological, radiological,
or nuclear weapons capabilities, long-range ballistic missile development
programs, or to help make operational any nuclear facility in Syria will have a
detrimental impact on United States assistance to, or commercial and financial
relations with, such country.</text>
</paragraph></section><section id="H753FF85325E84CFD9ECC86B8EC74829"><enum>102.</enum><header>Codification of
existing sanctions and continuation of restrictions against the Government of
Syria</header>
<subsection id="H03CCBCC91D804E4EAFADF645C4CBAAE"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Restrictions
relating to certain provisions of law</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Restrictions against the Government of
Syria, and on persons by reason of their direction of, or contribution to,
activities of the Government of Syria, that were imposed pursuant to the
International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.), the Syria
Accountability and Lebanese Sovereignty Restoration Act of 2003 (Public Law
108–175), the Iran, North Korea, and Syria Nonproliferation Act (50 U.S.C. 1701
note), or any similar provision of law, as in effect on the date of the
enactment of this Act, including the restrictions imposed under Executive Order
12938 (as amended by Executive Order 13094), Executive Order 13338, Executive
Order 13399, Executive Order 13460, and any similar Executive Order, shall
remain in effect and may not be lifted pursuant to such provisions of law until
the President certifies to the appropriate congressional committees that the
Government of Syria—</text>
<paragraph id="H3027D2113FD5416C9DE0F85DCC81629E"><enum>(1)</enum><text>has ceased all
support for terrorism, including by meeting the requirements of paragraphs (2),
(3), and (4) of subsection (b), and has not provided such support during the
preceding 5-year period and has not been determined by the Secretary of State,
for the purposes of section 6(j) of the Export Administration Act of 1979,
section 620A of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, section 40 of the Arms
Export Control Act, or any other provision of law, to be a government that has
repeatedly provided support for acts of international terrorism at any time
during such 5-year period;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HFCAEC344865248D1A7D51C7C4FCCAE82"><enum>(2)</enum><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="yes-display-inline" id="HB872D134384C4428A15CBB92F7330477"><enum>(A)</enum><text>has permanently
dismantled Syria’s chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear weapons
programs;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HAE382ED17D9140269BDE799F595375B4" indent="up1"><enum>(B)</enum><text>has ceased all efforts to design,
develop, manufacture, or acquire—</text>
<clause id="H27429FDAD23144EDB6FAA5184AE1D14E"><enum>(i)</enum><text>a nuclear explosive device or
related materials and technology;</text>
</clause><clause id="HCC29C62DA4F5475E9328329FFF37F0DF"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>chemical, biological, and
radiological weapons; and</text>
</clause><clause id="H0F77BD85549A4040BC26F718A9768188"><enum>(iii)</enum><text>ballistic missiles and ballistic
missile launch technology; and</text>
</clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H9D6C921A8A21469FBF9D867FC024660D" indent="up1"><enum>(C)</enum><text>has taken demonstrable steps to combat
the proliferation of such weapons;</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H59E90D79C7764FE589900282D507DA7F"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">does not pose a threat to United States
national security, United States interests, and United States allies in the
region;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HE27D164CFC234E2BA1B81E6480840000"><enum>(4)</enum><text>respects the
boundaries, sovereignty, and right to exist of all neighboring countries;
and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H2BF2C6CDF04A4E8C8063084B4B69F165"><enum>(5)</enum><text>upholds and
defends the human rights and civil liberties of its people.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" id="HB9048099D6BA4641B815ECF6DBA5CF18"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Restrictions
relating to state sponsor of terrorism determination</header><text>Restrictions
against the Government of Syria that were imposed by reason of a determination
by the Secretary of State that the Government of Syria, for purposes of section
6(j) of the Export Administration Act of 1979 (as continued in effect pursuant
to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act), section 40 of the Arms
Export Control Act, section 620A of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, or
other provision of law, is a government that has repeatedly provided support
for acts of international terrorism, shall remain in effect, and shall not be
lifted pursuant to such provisions of law, unless the President certifies to
the appropriate congressional committees that the Government of Syria—</text>
<paragraph commented="no" id="HE5CE6FEE3F1A432FB16664DFF008698"><enum>(1)</enum><text>is not engaged in
the illegal transfer of missile or nuclear technology to the Government of
North Korea or to any country the government of which the Secretary of State
has determined, for purposes of any of the provisions of law specified in the
matter preceding this paragraph, is a government that has repeatedly provided
support for acts of international terrorism;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H68450DAD503F4FD1AA42BDCA94502EAD"><enum>(2)</enum><text>is no longer
engaged in training, harboring, supplying, financing, or supporting in any
way—</text>
<subparagraph commented="no" id="HC9CE3A9F937B4FC0A33299A4FA4F31F"><enum>(A)</enum><text>Hamas, Hezbollah,
Palestinian Islamic Jihad, the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine,
the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine-General Command, the
Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine, Fatah al-Intifada, or Fatah
al-Islam;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="HDE1E89F420334E4A0000A1A6B6FF14FD"><enum>(B)</enum><text>any other
organization designated by the Secretary of State as a foreign terrorist
organization in accordance with section 219(a) of the Immigration and
Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1189(a));</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="H6BD5588A6BBB4B208FD31B92E087EF6D"><enum>(C)</enum><text>any person
included on the Annex to Executive Order 13224 (September 23, 2001) and any
other person identified under section 1 of that Executive Order whose property
and interests in property are blocked by such section (commonly known as a
<quote>specially designated global terrorist</quote>);</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="H7736D6F505694CE197944BCDC5CA7EBA"><enum>(D)</enum><text>any person
designated under section 3 of Executive Order 13338 (May 13, 2004) or under
section 1 of Executive Order 13438 (July 17, 2007);</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="H122D942D15644827A800D771D7EBFA67"><enum>(E)</enum><text>the Syrian Social
Nationalist Party;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="HEC4D8FC9BD184513B9208D3424006CED"><enum>(F)</enum><text>any other person
or organization contributing to instability in Lebanon or Iraq; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="HD33A9891A4D4432CB1BBE4F28B6B2469"><enum>(G)</enum><text>any agency,
instrumentality, affiliate, or successor organization of the organizations
listed in subparagraphs (A), (B), (C), (D), E), or (F).</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H07BCD24557994406AFB019B802CE0934"><enum>(3)</enum><text>has immediately
and unconditionally stopped facilitating transit from Syria to Iraq of
individuals, military equipment, and all lethal items, except as authorized by
the representative, internationally recognized Government of Iraq; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="HC804177D6D0940159B2425FD944B6D9"><enum>(4)</enum><text>has ceased its
support for <quote>volunteers</quote> and terrorists who are traveling from and
through Syria into Iraq to launch attacks.</text>
</paragraph></subsection></section><section id="H82C0B09559A045578DDB4DEC8332BC3"><enum>103.</enum><header>Sanctions
against certain persons</header>
<subsection id="H26E24D3B94EB423B83584710474F9DAC"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Prohibition</header><text>The
sanctions described in subsection (b) shall be imposed on a person if such
person transfers or retransfers goods or technology so as to contribute to the
efforts by the Government of Syria to acquire or develop destabilizing numbers
or types of advanced conventional weapons, or to acquire, develop, produce, or
stockpile biological, chemical, radiological, or nuclear weapons or long-range
ballistic missiles.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="H9AB7E6E4899848CA842121823BF13F97"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Sanctions</header><text>The
sanctions to be imposed on a person pursuant to subsection (a) are as
follows:</text>
<paragraph id="H9DE1E31EBC8049DFA5A586ED964CA8D"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Procurement
sanction</header><text>The United States Government shall not procure, or enter
into any contract for the procurement of, any goods or services from such
sanctioned person.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HF8A8FFC65741400CA7A8D23200F424DA"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Export
sanction</header><text>The United States Government shall not issue any license
for any export by or to such sanctioned person.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H274CA35615D44691BBD07C4804589B8D"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Import
sanction</header><text>The President shall ban the importation of any article
that is a product of such sanctioned person.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H9941FC9EB7524F4D92E82F6DEB50E4B1"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Persons against
whom sanctions are To be imposed</header><text>The sanctions described in
subsection (b) shall be imposed on—</text>
<paragraph id="HF819CCE3AF3240DDA490C865F8D71417"><enum>(1)</enum><text>any person the
President determines has carried out any of the activities described in
subsection (a); and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H254FC1B2036C4F75AF9337683FD4B000"><enum>(2)</enum><text>any person the
President determines—</text>
<subparagraph id="H50A6E3B62DB4411AA47EFD09E9FD7228"><enum>(A)</enum><text>is a successor
entity to a person referred to in paragraph (1);</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H10612F144A224A9799F5036C333ECCE4"><enum>(B)</enum><text>is a parent or
subsidiary of a person referred to in paragraph (1) if such parent or
subsidiary engaged in any of the activities described in subsection (a);
or</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H041E3859B86248A98FA248BB3F774291"><enum>(C)</enum><text>is an affiliate of
a person referred to in paragraph (1) if such affiliate engaged in any of the
activities described in subsection (a) and if such affiliate is controlled in
fact by a person referred to in paragraph (1).</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph></subsection></section><section id="HF5C934D9BEC1482390CB1389C7600086"><enum>104.</enum><header>Sanctions
against certain foreign countries</header>
<subsection id="H3FDC360B547A475B93B11024EA9DE6D"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Prohibition</header><text>The
President shall impose on the government of a foreign country the sanctions
described in paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) of subsection (b) and one or more of
the sanctions described in paragraphs (4), (5), and (6) of subsection (b), and
the sanctions described in subsection (c), if the President determines that
such government transfers or retransfers goods or technology, or provides
assistance, so as to contribute to the efforts by the Government of Syria to
acquire or develop destabilizing numbers and types of advanced conventional
weapons, or to acquire, develop, produce, or stockpile chemical, biological,
radiological, or nuclear weapons and long-range ballistic missiles.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="H38A1DEAAC56E457F91421200D9C4A4C1"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Sanctions</header><text>The
sanctions referred to in subsection (a) are as follows:</text>
<paragraph commented="no" id="H9C630FB8A1DF4CAD95FDC163D150A144"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Suspension of
United States assistance</header><text>The United States Government shall
suspend United States assistance to such sanctioned country.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="HCEC661C11D6149DCB5FFD9E1BC3F4DBE"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Suspension of
codevelopment or coproduction agreements</header><text>The United States
Government shall suspend compliance with its obligations under any memorandum
of understanding with such sanctioned country for the codevelopment or
coproduction of any item on the United States Munitions List (established under
section 38 of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2778)), including any
obligation for implementation of such memorandum of understanding through the
sale to such sanctioned country of technical data or assistance or the
licensing for export to such sanctioned country of any component part.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="HBE12815B8ABA44B1923200278631AD1C"><enum>(3)</enum><header>United States
Munitions List</header><text>No item on the United States Munitions List
(established pursuant to section 38 of the Arms Export Control Act) may be
exported to such sanctioned country.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HA357B6D2A12247269F9D4B85EACF7ECE"><enum>(4)</enum><header>Export
sanction</header><text>The United States Government shall not issue any license
for any export by or to such sanctioned country.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H38F33649D0F24DE49C584D7E3CA875B0"><enum>(5)</enum><header>Import
sanction</header><text>The President shall ban the importation of any article
that is a product of such sanctioned country.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="HEB85F4E857B74F9CAFF64BEC268B21F4"><enum>(6)</enum><header>International
financial institution assistance</header><text>The Secretary of the Treasury
shall instruct the United States Executive Director at each international
financial institution (as defined in section 1701(c)(2) of the International
Financial Institutions Act) to oppose and vote against the extension by such
institution of any financial or technical assistance to such sanctioned
country.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HBB73105362094043AB85EECF6945CD7"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Suspension of
military and dual-use technical exchange agreements</header><text>The United
States Government shall suspend compliance with its obligations under any
technical exchange agreement involving military and dual-use technology between
the United States and such sanctioned country that does not directly contribute
to the national security of the United States, and no military or dual-use
technology may be exported from the United States to such sanctioned country
pursuant to such agreement during such period.</text>
</subsection></section><enum>II</enum><header>Sanctions
Targeting Syria’s Energy Sector</header>
<section id="H3AEADCC71A444932997CD0201BD4C26E"><enum>201.</enum><header>Imposition of
sanctions</header>
<subsection id="H0FED305534F14FD7B9EF31A60412C203"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Imposition of
sanctions</header><text>Except as provided in subsection (f), the President
shall impose on a person the sanctions specified in paragraphs (1) and (2) of
subsection (b) and one or more of the sanctions specified in paragraphs (3)
through (6) of subsection (b), if the President determines that such person
has, on or after the date of the enactment of this Act, made an investment of
$5,000,000 or more (or any combination of investments thereof, which in the
aggregate equals or exceeds $5,000,000 in any 12-month period), that
contributed to the enhancement of the Government of Syria’s ability to develop
petroleum resources in Syria.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="HC4B09AD8B3E840F39BABD9CDAC3E44B8"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Sanctions
specified</header><text>The sanctions specified in this subsection are as
follows:</text>
<paragraph commented="no" id="H011A38296BDB4380993527EFAA47CAD"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Export-Import
Bank assistance for exports to sanctioned persons</header><text>The President
shall direct the Export-Import Bank of the United States not to give approval
to the issuance of any guarantee, insurance, extension of credit, or
participation in the extension of credit in connection with the export of any
goods or services to any sanctioned person.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HBA510E66C07741A8856F3F2BA2709FA2"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Loans from
United States financial institutions</header><text>The United States Government
shall prohibit any United States financial institution from making loans or
providing credits to any sanctioned person totaling more than $10,000,000 in
any 12-month period unless such person is engaged in activities to relieve
human suffering and such loans or credits are provided for such
activities.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H59B2DEC4820F43DF892C2FE66DD60800"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Export
sanction</header><text>The President may order the United States Government not
to issue any specific license and not to grant any other specific permission or
authority to export any goods or technology to a sanctioned person
under—</text>
<subparagraph commented="no" id="HB5938C7BF0FA4C6DB36C24A419FBDF57"><enum>(A)</enum><text>the Export
Administration Act of 1979;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="H9C7F716EC08F45F19C43FE47E3A20000"><enum>(B)</enum><text>the Arms Export
Control Act;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="H4FF23EEAD5644755B0BBF69C5CD8D370"><enum>(C)</enum><text>the Atomic Energy
Act of 1954; or</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="H0076C61964144C16B465D1FFC4BC0667"><enum>(D)</enum><text>any other statute
that requires the prior review and approval of the United States Government as
a condition for the export or reexport of goods or services.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H5B94C46540AE44BBB192E7DE7637A531"><enum>(4)</enum><header>Prohibitions on
financial institutions</header><text>The following prohibitions may be imposed
against a sanctioned person that is a financial institution:</text>
<subparagraph id="HF97DED4FA7B34701B67CE000129B5572"><enum>(A)</enum><header>Prohibition on
designation as primary dealer</header><text>Neither the Board of Governors of
the Federal Reserve System nor the Federal Reserve Bank of New York may
designate, or permit the continuation of any prior designation of, such
financial institution as a primary dealer in United States Government debt
instruments.</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H91075ABB23C54124BF34D3B076F82DB"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Prohibition on
service as a repository of government funds</header><text>Such financial
institution may not serve as an agent of the United States Government or serve
as repository for United States Government funds.</text>
</subparagraph><continuation-text continuation-text-level="paragraph">The
imposition of either sanction under subparagraph (A) or (B) shall be treated as
one sanction for purposes of this title, and the imposition of both such
sanctions shall be treated as two sanctions for purposes of this title.</continuation-text></paragraph><paragraph id="H25A8C93A1DCA4B8FBE8CDC933E05553C"><enum>(5)</enum><header>Procurement
sanction</header><text>The United States Government may not procure, or enter
into any contract for the procurement of, any goods or services from a
sanctioned person.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H627C44995DEC4C0AAA8D108FEAFE7258"><enum>(6)</enum><header>Additional
sanctions</header><text>The President may impose sanctions, as appropriate, to
restrict imports with respect to a sanctioned person, in accordance with the
International Emergency Economic Powers Act.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H91184838AA094361ABE0282400B529E1"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Persons against
which the sanctions are To be imposed</header><text>The sanctions specified in
subsection (b) shall be imposed on—</text>
<paragraph id="H4431945E4BEC4BE283626F16002D3242"><enum>(1)</enum><text>any person the
President determines has carried out an activity described in subsection (a);
and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H565844C79DE04C11A43DBDBD1B47FC20"><enum>(2)</enum><text>any person the
President determines—</text>
<subparagraph id="H75D125AB502B4ACEB3C7BA93B66781ED"><enum>(A)</enum><text>is a successor
entity to a person referred to in paragraph (1);</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H351D616259A44A28809937EA8B1C76E0"><enum>(B)</enum><text>is a parent or
subsidiary of a person referred to in paragraph (1) if such parent or
subsidiary engaged in an activity described in subsection (a); or</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H0AE743A8DCF04044007B73B61140D8C4"><enum>(C)</enum><text>is an affiliate of
a person referred to in paragraph (1) if such affiliate engaged in an activity
referred to in paragraph (1) and if such affiliate is controlled in fact by a
person referred to in paragraph (1).</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HA16A4C41536C4E0DB834A0BFFD47E758"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Publication in
Federal Register</header><text>The President shall cause to be published in the
Federal Register a current list of sanctioned persons. The removal of persons
from, and the addition of persons to, such list of sanctioned persons shall
also be so published.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="H6436BDA7A04B494792E77243F2026508"><enum>(e)</enum><header>Publication of
projects</header><text>The President shall cause to be published in the Federal
Register a list of all projects which have been publicly tendered in the oil
and gas sector in Syria.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="HFF460E64BBBB454899210441C891FE55"><enum>(f)</enum><header>Exceptions</header><text>The
President shall not be required to apply or maintain the sanctions specified in
subsection (b)—</text>
<paragraph id="HC0E1D7F1FC4F4D1799139E2879A768E8"><enum>(1)</enum><text>in the case of
procurement of defense articles or defense services—</text>
<subparagraph id="HA25E0B975077441B8301CDDAFF170030"><enum>(A)</enum><text>under existing
contracts or subcontracts, including the exercise of options for production
quantities to satisfy requirements essential to the national security of the
United States;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HBFA9944F770444F3B8E4204170FD1578"><enum>(B)</enum><text>if the President
determines and certifies in writing to the appropriate congressional committees
that the person to which the sanctions would otherwise be applied is a sole
source supplier of the defense articles or services, that such defense articles
or services are essential, and that alternative sources are not readily or
reasonably available; or</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HE694DC1CB68847419C986C749821B031"><enum>(C)</enum><text>if the President
determines and certifies in writing to the appropriate congressional committees
that such articles or services are essential to the national security of the
United States under defense coproduction agreements;</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H25263CAB3AB84E5896CEA8EBEDB14EFA"><enum>(2)</enum><text>in the case of
procurement, to eligible products, as defined in section 308(4) of the Trade
Agreements Act of 1979 (19 U.S.C. 2518(4)), of any foreign country or
instrumentality designated under section 301(b)(1) of that Act (19 U.S.C.
2511(b)(1));</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H70ADF4A0069C4D40917492A992555095"><enum>(3)</enum><text>to products,
technology, or services provided under contracts entered into before the date
on which the President publishes in the Federal Register the name of a person
with respect to which the sanctions are to be imposed;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H63211D0ED414498100C67588B726B19D"><enum>(4)</enum><text>to—</text>
<subparagraph id="H6E0E852CEFD745D8943D7F89C4E206CE"><enum>(A)</enum><text>spare parts which
are essential to United States products or production; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HB7D9BD559EBE4E96ADB793F4E4DA49AF"><enum>(B)</enum><text>component parts,
but not finished products, essential to United States products or production;
and</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HC19012B8091048B292718D02BD84A7CC"><enum>(5)</enum><text>to medicines,
medical supplies, or other humanitarian items.</text>
</paragraph></subsection></section><section id="HD934E9517E0B4ADCAF84AA6DFAB55BC4"><enum>202.</enum><header>Advisory
opinions</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">The Secretary of
State may, upon the request of any person, issue an advisory opinion to such
person as to whether a proposed activity by such person would subject such
person to sanctions under section 201. Any person who relies in good faith on
such an advisory opinion which states that such proposed activity would not
subject such person to such sanctions, and any person who thereafter engages in
such activity, shall not be made subject to such sanctions on account of such
activity.</text>
</section><section id="H21393EE67E8A4AA2B08E00F57E199C94"><enum>203.</enum><header>Termination of
sanctions</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">The requirement to
impose sanctions under section 201 shall no longer have force or effect with
respect to the Government of Syria if the President determines and certifies to
the appropriate congressional committees that the requirements of section 102
(a) and (b) have been met.</text>
</section><section id="HC2FC6C8948DB4CD58CEF144F29858009"><enum>204.</enum><header>Duration of
sanctions; Presidential waiver</header>
<subsection id="H6D7DE57959F948E98F1F2B549DE7BA23"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Delay of
sanctions</header>
<paragraph id="HC99FFAD126B54B2DAC04551F2647045E"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Consultations</header><text>If
the President makes a determination under section 201 that sanctions specified
in such section should be imposed with respect to a foreign person, Congress
urges the President to initiate consultations immediately with the government
with primary jurisdiction over such foreign person with respect to the
imposition of such sanctions under such section.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H5DBA3B000DDB4666813867D826B978B6"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Actions by
government of jurisdiction</header><text>In order to pursue consultations under
paragraph (1) with the government with primary jurisdiction over a foreign
person described in such paragraph, the President may delay imposition on such
foreign person of sanctions under section 201 for up to 90 days. Following such
consultations, the President shall immediately impose such sanctions unless the
President determines and certifies to the appropriate congressional committees
that such government has taken specific and effective actions, including the
imposition of appropriate penalties, to terminate the involvement of such
foreign person in the activities that resulted in the determination by the
President to impose on such foreign person sanctions under section 201.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HA456B6310AE34B2784EE00F8C007D6AD"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Duration of
sanctions</header><text>Sanctions imposed under section 201 shall remain in
effect—</text>
<paragraph id="HE32C9456AF51469EAA96CFCDD8EDB5C"><enum>(1)</enum><text>for a period of not
less than two years from the date on which such sanctions are imposed;
or</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H27F364DAB33E401DA2DB105B9526D358"><enum>(2)</enum><text>until such time as
the President determines and certifies to the appropriate congressional
committees that the person whose activities were the basis for imposing such
sanction is no longer engaging in such activities and that the President has
received reliable assurances that such person will not engage in such
activities in the future, except that such sanctions shall remain in effect for
a period of not less than one year.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HEC464AA709A24BB0A2989B00B76EFA45"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Presidential
waiver</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The President may, on
a case by case basis, waive for a single period of not more than six months the
application of a sanction imposed on a foreign person under section 201, if the
President certifies to the appropriate congressional committees at least 30
days before such waiver is to take effect that—</text>
<paragraph id="HFACE6E4AF33B4B1892CF1552E01F4863"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">such waiver is vital to the national
security of the United States; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HA9EF0D4AC4F140FD9593CFFBBD005960"><enum>(2)</enum><text>the government of
the country with respect to which such foreign person is a national has
undertaken substantial measures to prevent the acquisition and development of
weapons of mass destruction by the Government of Syria and to deny the
Government of Syria the resources and capability to engage in the
state-sponsorship of terrorism.</text>
</paragraph></subsection></section><section id="H38FB4BCA1970410A95B82937A103D3D"><enum>205.</enum><header>Determinations
not reviewable</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">A determination
to impose sanctions under section 201 shall not be reviewable in any
court.</text>
</section><section id="H5D3BD04C71934915AD4BA21C85091F6"><enum>206.</enum><header>Exclusion of
certain activities</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Nothing in
this title shall apply to any activities subject to the reporting requirements
of title V of the National Security Act of 1947.</text>
</section><enum>III</enum><header>Syria Nuclear
Weapons Prevention </header>
<section id="H14088E90E4C14CFD8E7DA5E584F6BDAE"><enum>301.</enum><header>Findings</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Congress finds the following:</text>
<paragraph id="H896DB01DBD7145E2B2AF73C9AD55CF15"><enum>(1)</enum><text>On September 6,
2007, Israeli warplanes bombed a site at al-Kibar in northeastern Syria, which
the Syrians subsequently worked to conceal. On April 24, 2008, senior United
States intelligence officials briefed Congress and the press about the al-Kibar
site, citing detailed information showing that the al Kibar facility was a
nuclear reactor, built with North Korean assistance.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H2A78E06486BE41C3BFE9B8E008176C1"><enum>(2)</enum><text>Following the
briefing, Syria granted International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) inspectors
access to Dayr al-Zor (but denied them access to three other sites), where they
took environmental samples on June 23, 2008. After the visit, Syria suspended
cooperation with the IAEA, which later revealed that soil samples taken from
the al-Kibar site revealed <quote>a significant number of natural uranium
particles</quote> that were produced by human action rather than being already
present in the environment.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H8EAA57600B67426DAFC7D0F496A9D3DF"><enum>(3)</enum><text>The natural
uranium found by the IAEA is the type of fuel that would be fed into a reactor
to produce plutonium, which after extraction in a reprocessing facility, could
fuel a nuclear bomb.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H68978D5E526A4384B536AE598500F855"><enum>(4)</enum><text>Syria’s safeguards
agreement with the IAEA requires notification to the agency in advance of
construction of any nuclear facility, regardless of the presence of nuclear
material, and, as a result, Syria’s construction of a reactor violated its IAEA
obligations.</text>
</paragraph></section><section id="HB1CD23540A244580BDF2037900D9029D"><enum>302.</enum><header>Actions within
the International Atomic Energy Agency</header>
<subsection id="H24BA92674E364FB1BE7F92F6DE5DACE"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Statement of
policy</header><text>It shall be the policy of the United States to oppose the
development or acquisition by Syria of a nuclear capability.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="H69B599EAEB7246A386F7A814F1CECF8D"><enum>(b)</enum><header>United States
actions</header><text>The President shall instruct the United States Permanent
Representative to the International Atomic Energy Agency to—</text>
<paragraph id="H4DB9ACDD99AA414BA1D3F5E9779F4151"><enum>(1)</enum><text>seek the adoption
of a resolution declaring Syria to be in violation of its IAEA obligations
unless Syria immediately—</text>
<subparagraph id="H2D0D6A81752D4506913C9B835782F45D"><enum>(A)</enum><text>declares all
nuclear-related facilities;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H12E05D4E56174CDCB62FD8C0A9ABCD4"><enum>(B)</enum><text>immediately and
unconditionally suspends any activity which could be used to develop
nuclear-weapons capability; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HDDF5C1FB73574C2EAD798C02868177B4"><enum>(C)</enum><text>provides IAEA
inspectors with full access to its nuclear-related facilities;</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HA006BAF64E964B33830670EF49A93671"><enum>(2)</enum><text>use all available
political, economic, and diplomatic tools, and shall use the voice, vote, and
influence of the United States in all international organizations and
associations of which it is a member, including the IAEA and the Nuclear
Suppliers Group, to—</text>
<subparagraph id="H132D5C818A9847F1B1EA37C6835CB664"><enum>(A)</enum><text>block the
development or acquisition by Syria of a capacity to fabricate nuclear
fuel;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="HF936376C4CB344E28807B31958E4F969"><enum>(B)</enum><text>block the
allocation of funds for any IAEA development, environmental, or nuclear science
assistance or activity to Syria;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" id="HF4F1F354C0D04C0D8FAD3296F7146C26"><enum>(C)</enum><text>block the
allocation of funds for IAEA development, environmental, or nuclear-related
assistance or activity to the Government of Syria, including any agency or
instrumentality thereof; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HBD456D1AAE0E4A4688D930841BDBA824"><enum>(D)</enum><text>block membership
of the Government of Syria on the Board of Governors of the IAEA; and</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HC0F39D9EF92B432493371446E5BEE9D8"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">shall withhold from United States
contributions to the IAEA an amount equal to that which the IAEA expends on
assistance to Syria.</text>
</paragraph></subsection></section><section id="H94CF796B86A14458910027D1CC2BDEB"><enum>303.</enum><header>Restrictions on
nuclear cooperation with countries assisting the nuclear program of
Syria</header>
<subsection id="HE5D0488ED80449CEA68CE08CC5005ED4"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In
general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Notwithstanding any
other provision of law or any international agreement, no agreement for
cooperation between the United States and the government of any country that is
assisting the nuclear program of Syria or transferring advanced conventional
weapons or missiles to Syria may be submitted to Congress pursuant to section
123 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2153), no such agreement may
enter into force with such country, no license may be issued for export
directly or indirectly to such country of any nuclear material, facilities,
components, or other goods, services, or technology that would be subject to
such agreement, and no approval may be given for the transfer or retransfer
directly or indirectly to such country of any nuclear material, facilities,
components, or other goods, services, or technology that would be subject to
such agreement, until the President determines and reports to the Committee on
Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Foreign
Relations of the Senate that the government of such country that is assisting
the nuclear program of Syria or transferring advanced conventional weapons or
missiles to Syria—</text>
<paragraph id="H97240C8D94234C19A40006C73EB4D968"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">has suspended all nuclear assistance to
Syria or suspended transferring advanced conventional weapons or missiles to
Syria (as the case may be); and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H6323C9ABBA9A476FBCA38DCB5F738372"><enum>(2)</enum><text>is committed to
maintaining such suspension.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H2566401681514A96AA526BD800C9F79C"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Rules of
construction</header><text>The restrictions described in subsection (a)—</text>
<paragraph id="H366944A1167644FCAE310089AF6E1CDC"><enum>(1)</enum><text>shall apply in
addition to all other applicable procedures, requirements, and restrictions
required by the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 and any other law; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HF7289AA7A9924FADB3D5E186FF1CF4A7"><enum>(2)</enum><text>shall not be
construed as affecting the validity of agreements for cooperation that are in
effect on the date of the enactment of this Act.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H111150B77CAD4C3D93579E1368A0B2B"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Definitions</header><text>In
this section:</text>
<paragraph commented="no" id="HFAD338DBF6EF495F80EA6D7B95D0F9CE"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Agreement for
cooperation</header><text>The term <term>agreement for cooperation</term> has
the meaning given such term in section 11 (b). of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954
(42 U.S.C. 2014 b.).</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HEBE9A39AF11A49ABAF10C880B4C35767"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Assisting the
nuclear program of Syria</header><text>The term <term>assisting the nuclear
program of Syria</term> means the intentional transfer to Syria by a
government, or by a person subject to the jurisdiction of a government with the
knowledge and acquiescence of such government, of goods, services, or
technology listed on the Nuclear Suppliers Group Guidelines for the Export of
Nuclear Material, Equipment and Technology (published by the International
Atomic Energy Agency as Information Circular INFCIRC/254/Rev. 3/Part 1, and
subsequent revisions) or Guidelines for Transfers of Nuclear-Related Dual-Use
Equipment, Material, and Related Technology (published by the International
Atomic Energy Agency as Information Circular INFCIR/254/Rev. 3/Part 2, and
subsequent revisions).</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H49B5C009936E45C4823E11A03BBE2940"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Country that is
assisting the nuclear program of Syria or transferring advanced conventional
weapons or missiles to Syria</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The term <term>country that is assisting
the nuclear program of Syria or transferring advanced conventional weapons or
missiles to Syria</term> means any country determined by the President to be
assisting the nuclear program of Syria or transferring advanced conventional
weapons or missiles to Syria.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H96597690DF3D4A3D9D96FCF3572FA648"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Waiver</header><text>The
President may waive the application of the sanctions described in subsection
(a) if the President—</text>
<paragraph id="H50BFD286F5F4486E927CB62EF5CC3200"><enum>(1)</enum><text>determines that
such a waiver is vital to the national security of the United States;
and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H75120B7818F7466498CB049696C9075D"><enum>(2)</enum><text>submits to the
appropriate congressional committees a report describing the reasons for such
determination.</text>
</paragraph></subsection></section><section id="HDD0202987E1E4C5FB3B0FA1D25F41375"><enum>304.</enum><header>Exclusion from
the United States of senior officials of foreign persons who have aided the
nuclear program of Syria</header>
<subsection id="HDCFB5C58888647FBBB021000D3EE79EE"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Grounds for
exclusion</header><text>Except as provided in subsection (b), the Secretary of
State shall deny a visa to, and the Secretary of Homeland Security shall
exclude from the United States, any alien whom the Secretary of State
determines is an alien who, on or after the date of the enactment of this Act,
is a—</text>
<paragraph id="H6618625D123747F49E917B4787CD73FC"><enum>(1)</enum><text>person, agent,
instrumentality, or official of, is affiliated with, or is serving as a
representative of, the Government of Syria identified in a report submitted
pursuant to section 2(a) of the Iran, North Korea, and Syria Nonproliferation
Act (Public Law 106–178);</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H31337C154ABA4D6E97A33AFE620006B"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">corporate officer, principal, or
shareholder with a controlling interest of a foreign person identified in a
report submitted pursuant to such section;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HE90A01B20D1D455EB9D25FF0F5BA3B3"><enum>(3)</enum><text>corporate officer,
principal, or shareholder with a controlling interest of a successor entity to,
or a parent or subsidiary of, a foreign person identified in such a
report;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HF07214A9AD4C4F92A50049C11E97F21F"><enum>(4)</enum><text>corporate officer,
principal, or shareholder with a controlling interest of an affiliate of a
foreign person identified in such a report, if such affiliate engaged in the
activities referred to in such report, and if such affiliate is controlled in
fact by the foreign person identified in such report;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HFA8533E648FE4821BF7B9781660093CD"><enum>(5)</enum><text>spouse, minor
child, or agent of a person excludable under paragraph (1), (2), (3) or
(4);</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H295A0C0DC659405D80F1DC41C34760E6"><enum>(6)</enum><text>senior official of
a foreign government identified in such a report;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H5312EB5F788C4301B8E21121F78E135"><enum>(7)</enum><text>senior official of
a foreign government with primary jurisdiction over a foreign person identified
in such a report; or</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H4E0D1359D7034C3DB1C67DE7AB0EDB"><enum>(8)</enum><text>spouse, minor child,
or agent of a person excludable under paragraph (6) or (7).</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H46F99357DA464435A17FEA7F24ED371B"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Exception</header><text>The
President may waive the sanctions described in subsection (a) with respect to a
person specified in paragraph (5), (6), or (7) if the President determines and
certifies in writing to the appropriate congressional committees, on a case by
case basis, that the foreign government with primary jurisdiction over such
person has made and continues to make clear, specific efforts to stop and deter
the transfer or retransfer of, or the permitting, hosting, or other
facilitating of transshipments that may enable the transfer or retransfer of,
goods or technology that contribute to the efforts by Syria, as the case may
be, to acquire or develop advanced conventional weapons, or to acquire,
develop, produce, or stockpile radiological or nuclear weapons.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="H679001CC77EA44D5BCE6F9A58D1657FB"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Definitions</header><text>In
subsection (b):</text>
<paragraph id="H9B4EF95375534D0D863E6BE2927673DE"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Transfer</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The term <term>transfer</term> means the
conveyance of technological or intellectual property, or the conversion of
intellectual or technological advances into marketable goods, services, or
articles of value, developed and generated in one place, to another through
illegal or illicit means to a country, the government of which the Secretary of
State has determined, for purposes of section 6(j)(1)(A) of the Export
Administration Act of 1979 (as in effect pursuant to the International
Emergency Economic Powers Act), section 40(d) of the Arms Export Control Act
(22 U.S.C. 2780(d)), and section 620A of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22
U.S.C. 2371), is a government that has repeatedly provided support for acts of
international terrorism.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H170B0C5944FA448E833DECF6335F3C71"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Transshipment</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The term <term>transshipment</term> means
the export from one country to another that passes through a third country, in
which cargo is off-loaded and there is some change to conveyance.</text>
</paragraph></subsection></section><enum>IV</enum><header>Diplomatic
Efforts to Isolate the Government of Syria</header>
<section id="H0780AA75FC5C4668B44E5DF2E07484C"><enum>401.</enum><header>Sense of
Congress relating to bilateral efforts</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">It is the sense of Congress that the
Secretary of State should ensure that United States diplomatic personnel abroad
understand and, in their contacts with foreign officials, are communicating the
reasons for United States policy and sanctions against the Government of Syria,
and are urging foreign governments to cooperate more effectively with the
Government of the United States in compelling the Government of Syria to cease
policies and activities that threaten global peace and security.</text>
</section><section id="H61831A9B71624C6189E8C45E59F300D2"><enum>402.</enum><header>Opposition to
Syria’s membership and candidacy for leadership posts in United Nations
institutions</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">The President
shall direct the United States Permanent Representative to the United Nations,
United Nations organizations and entities, and United Nations-affiliated
agencies and bodies, to continue to use the voice, vote, and influence of the
United States to oppose Syria’s membership and candidacy for leadership posts
in such institutions, and engage in diplomatic efforts to secure multilateral
support for such efforts.</text>
</section><section id="H7DCA724F44204D20931C47E723DBE55E"><enum>403.</enum><header>Actions at
international financial institutions</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">The President shall instruct the United
States Executive Director at each international financial institution (as
defined in section 1701(c)(2) of the International Financial Institutions Act)
to use the voice, vote, and influence of the United States to oppose any loan
or other assistance to Syria and to oppose Syria’s membership in each such
institution.</text>
</section><section id="H3F82BBE1EDC4482983888EE1E67698E8"><enum>404.</enum><header>Establishment
of United States and regional contact groups</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">The President shall seek to establish
contact groups with relevant countries in the Middle East to provide forums in
which United States officials who are responsible for counter-proliferation
efforts are able to meet, at least twice each year, with their counterparts
from such countries to—</text>
<paragraph id="H144CA7BFBD794EB4A57DC3C9005549E6"><enum>(1)</enum><text>discuss the global
threats presented by Syrian nuclear proliferation and sponsorship of
international terrorism; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HD92A3D4C3EC54E47A0DA0083F52206ED"><enum>(2)</enum><text>develop strategies
to effectively address such threats.</text>
</paragraph></section><section id="HDA3BE5AB753B4F8997FBA5B673B3858C"><enum>405.</enum><header>Report on
assistance to, and commerce with, Syria</header>
<subsection id="HBB805000F9F94B53954600E9A5FD4A2"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Report</header><text>Not
later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act and annually
thereafter, the President shall transmit to the appropriate congressional
committees a report on assistance to, and commerce with, Syria by other foreign
countries during the preceding 12-month period.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="HDED2A67004D948F496C204FE003CA6E3"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Contents</header><text>Each
report required under subsection (a) shall, for the period covered by the
report, contain the following information, to the extent such information is
available:</text>
<paragraph id="H2318EDE55CE143E8B86E05883F499E95"><enum>(1)</enum><text>A
description of all bilateral assistance provided to Syria by other foreign
countries, including humanitarian assistance.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HCB521A3416674478A57DDDE0D476CF06"><enum>(2)</enum><text>A
description of Syria’s commerce with other foreign countries, including an
identification of Syria’s trading partners and the extent of such trade.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HD04B1073312B4BBE85E6394040C61F55"><enum>(3)</enum><text>A
description of the joint ventures completed, or under consideration, by foreign
nationals, business firms, and persons involving facilities in Syria, including
an identification of the location of the facilities involved and a description
of the terms of agreement of the joint ventures and the names of the parties
that are involved.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H72E005A32B44493E82C2682413098B51"><enum>(4)</enum><text>A
determination of the amount of debt of the Government of Syria that is owed to
each foreign country, including—</text>
<subparagraph id="HF3912B7A076749C2B4F40BA3F8F5F7C"><enum>(A)</enum><text>the amount of debt
exchanged, forgiven, or reduced under the terms of each investment or operation
in Syria involving foreign nationals; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H162D8A5B587B4733A93DB1A030753729"><enum>(B)</enum><text>the amount of debt
owed to the foreign country that has been exchanged, forgiven, or reduced in
return for a grant by the Government of Syria of an equity interest in a
property, investment, or operation of the Government of Syria or of a Syrian
national.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H5CA05A636C48490291D142D698B44115"><enum>(5)</enum><text>A
description of the steps taken to assure that raw materials and semifinished or
finished goods produced by facilities in Syria involving foreign nationals do
not enter the United States market, either directly or through third countries
or parties.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H66A9F65270E1430592D00095D419AD63"><enum>(6)</enum><text>An identification
of countries and entities that provide, or have provided, arms or military
supplies from Syria or that otherwise have entered into agreements with Syria
that could have a military application, including—</text>
<subparagraph id="H1222FDBD13E64C9EB37788DC6B782052"><enum>(A)</enum><text>a description of
the military supplies, equipment, or other material sold, bartered, or
exchanged between Syria and such countries;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H760BC4BE30BC4C0DA0EC91ECDD2D1946"><enum>(B)</enum><text>a listing of the
goods, services, credits, or other consideration received by Syria in exchange
for military supplies, equipment, or material; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HB53D97018AD64519AB8EBEE0F3F138DA"><enum>(C)</enum><text>the terms or
conditions of any such agreement.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H169B44454DDB49529CF6E927E196411D"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Form</header><text>The
report submitted under subsection (a) shall be in unclassified form but may
include a classified annex.</text>
</subsection></section><enum>V</enum><header>Assistance to
Support Democracy in Syria</header>
<section id="HC8F8F383465E42329E0015E7D8BF3EE6"><enum>501.</enum><header>Declarations of
policy</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">It shall be the policy
of the United States to support independent human rights and pro-democracy
forces in Syria to promote the emergence of a democratic government in Syria
that will—</text>
<paragraph id="HC3159DEFF1D7496C9E15E8D83C9FBA5D"><enum>(1)</enum><text>denounce and
combat terrorism;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H402BBCF5DBE1418EBE14BF8B00C81C37"><enum>(2)</enum><text>dismantle its
chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear weapons programs and commit to
combating the proliferation of such weapons;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HC8669A548F6A4D519340EBC4C4C3227C"><enum>(3)</enum><text>respect the
boundaries, sovereignty, and right to exist of its neighbors and live in peace
and security with all the countries in the region; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HD3DE80BA66DE49AD82C48E90B564AFCD"><enum>(4)</enum><text>uphold and defend
the human rights and civil liberties of its citizens.</text>
</paragraph></section><section id="H247DF458DC2441C0A5ABBADCABABE42"><enum>502.</enum><header>Assistance to
support a transition to democracy in Syria</header>
<subsection id="H666709AFEDD6435FB42161E2A1DCEEA"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Authorization</header><text>Notwithstanding
any other provision of law, the President is authorized to provide assistance
and other support for individuals and independent nongovernmental organizations
to support a transition to a freely-elected, internationally recognized
democratic government in Syria.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="HA122257515E34FE69DF399C19EBC577F"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Activities
supported</header><text>Assistance provided under subsection (a) shall, to the
maximum extent practicable, be used to carry out the following
activities:</text>
<paragraph id="H2E5805ED50024986978D49DAF9B9CEB1"><enum>(1)</enum><text>Democracy-building
and civil society efforts in Syria, including the provision of assistance to
organizations certified by the President to be independent democratic
organizations, victims of political repression and their families, and
prisoners of conscience and their families.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HA9761E95338C4E69974E4688CD387168"><enum>(2)</enum><text>Radio and
television broadcasting to Syria to support democracy-building and civil
society efforts in Syria.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H9596E9A386264FA2AF9CF1F5D0828586"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Authorization of
appropriations</header><text>There are authorized to be appropriated to the
President to carry out this section such sums as may be necessary for fiscal
year 2010 and each subsequent fiscal year.</text>
</subsection></section><section id="HF37B7624FBD14F319F9F60E600BDA9D6"><enum>503.</enum><header>Condemnation of
Syrian human rights abuses</header>
<subsection id="H8787CF3F2A45421985B0693EC3839E89"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Statement of
policy</header><text>It shall be the policy of the United States—</text>
<paragraph id="HB4E4AABA6EFA45E39F8DC358BE269108"><enum>(1)</enum><text>to condemn the
consistent pattern of gross violations of internationally recognized human
rights by the Government of Syria in all applicable international fora;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H149FF1AF608641CC8F6B6E30008DA5C1"><enum>(2)</enum><text>to introduce and
work toward the adoption of a resolution at the upcoming session of the United
Nations General Assembly which details and condemns the dismal human rights
record of Syria;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HC51ABEBAE0AD48B99059254FEA499E41"><enum>(3)</enum><text>to support the
people of Syria in their daily struggle for freedom, respect for human rights
and civil liberties, democratic self-governance, and the establishment of the
rule of law; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H93DA8617B49A412DAD46B4C0E750DE7"><enum>(4)</enum><text>to
reach out to dissidents, human rights activists, and the nonviolent democratic
opposition in Syria, and to assist them in their efforts.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H496C28DF0BD14AAAAAFBDCF96E942A6"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Actions at the
United Nations General Assembly</header><text>The President shall direct the
United States Permanent Representative to the United Nations to take the
necessary steps to secure support for the adoption of a resolution at the
United Nations General Assembly holding the Government of Syria accountable for
its systematic violations of human rights of Syrian and Lebanese citizens and
calling for the appointment of a United Nations Special Rapporteur to
investigate such human rights violations.</text>
</subsection></section>