IA 111th CONGRESS 1st Session H. J. RES. 42 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES March 31, 2009 Mr. Hoekstra (for himself, Mr. Wolf, Mr. Akin, Mr. Alexander, Mrs. Bachmann, Mr. Barrett of South Carolina, Mr. Bartlett, Mr. Bishop of Utah, Mrs. Blackburn, Mr. Boehner, Mr. Boozman, Mr. Broun of Georgia, Mr. Brown of South Carolina, Mr. Buchanan, Mr. Burton of Indiana, Mr. Camp, Mr. Campbell, Mr. Cantor, Mr. Carter, Mr. Cole, Mr. Conaway, Mr. Davis of Kentucky, Mr. Deal of Georgia, Ms. Fallin, Mr. Fleming, Mr. Fortenberry, Mr. Franks of Arizona, Mr. Gingrey of Georgia, Mr. Gohmert, Mr. Guthrie, Mr. Harper, Mr. Heller, Mr. Hensarling, Mr. Herger, Mr. Hunter, Mr. Sam Johnson of Texas, Mr. Jordan of Ohio, Mr. Kingston, Mr. Kline of Minnesota, Mr. Lamborn, Mr. Latta, Mr. Lucas, Mrs. Lummis, Mr. Manzullo, Mr. Marchant, Mr. McCaul, Mr. McClintock, Mr. McCotter, Mr. McHenry, Mr. McKeon, Mr. Moran of Kansas, Mr. Neugebauer, Mr. Pence, Mr. Pitts, Mr. Platts, Mr. Price of Georgia, Mr. Radanovich, Mr. Roe of Tennessee, Mrs. Schmidt, Mr. Sessions, Mr. Shadegg, Mr. Shimkus, Mr. Souder, Mr. Sullivan, Mr. Terry, Mr. Tiahrt, Mr. Wamp, Mr. Westmoreland, Mr. Whitfield, Mr. Wilson of South Carolina, and Mr. Wittman) introduced the following joint resolution; which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary JOINT RESOLUTION Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States relating to parental rights.

That the following article is proposed as an amendment to the Constitution of the United States, which shall be valid to all intents and purposes as part of the Constitution when ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States within seven years after the date of its submission for ratification:  —

1.The liberty of parents to direct the upbringing and education of their children is a fundamental right.

2.Neither the United States nor any State shall infringe upon this right without demonstrating that its governmental interest as applied to the person is of the highest order and not otherwise served.

3.No treaty may be adopted nor shall any source of international law be employed to supersede, modify, interpret, or apply to the rights guaranteed by this article.

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