III 110th CONGRESS 2d Session S. RES. 611 IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES July 14, 2008 Mr. Feingold (for himself, Mr. Isakson, Mr. Cardin, Mr. Harkin, Mr. Whitehouse, Mr. Kerry, Mr. Nelson of Florida, Mr. Durbin, Mrs. Boxer, Mr. Leahy, Mrs. Clinton, Mr. Sununu, Mr. Chambliss, Ms. Snowe, Mrs. Dole, Mr. Inhofe, Mr. Specter, Mr. Stevens, Mr. Martinez, and Mr. Smith) submitted the following resolution; which was considered and agreed to RESOLUTION Expressing the sense of the Senate on the crisis in Zimbabwe, and for other purposes.

Whereas, over the last eight years, the Zimbabwean African National Union-Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF), led by Robert Mugabe, has increasingly turned to violence and intimidation to maintain power amidst a deteriorating crisis; Whereas the gross domestic product of Zimbabwe has decreased over 40 percent in the last decade, inflation is estimated by United Nations Deputy Secretary-General Asha-Rose Migiro at over 10,500,000 percent, unemployment is now over 80 percent, and more than 4,000,000 people have fled the country; Whereas presidential and parliamentary elections were held on March 29, 2008, in Zimbabwe amidst widespread reports of voting irregularities and intimidation in favor of the ruling ZANU-PF party and Robert Mugabe; Whereas the Zimbabwe Electoral Commission refused to release results, despite calls to do so by the African Union (AU), the European Union (EU), the Republic of South Africa, the Southern African Development Community (SADC), United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon, and the United States; Whereas the official results of the election, announced five weeks later, showed that Robert Mugabe won 43.2 percent of the vote, while Morgan Tsvangirai, leader of the opposition party Movement for Democratic Change (MDC), won 47.9 percent of the vote; Whereas, in the wake of the elections, Robert Mugabe launched a brutal campaign of state-sponsored violence against opposition members, supporters, and other civilians in an attempt to consolidate his power; Whereas United States Ambassador to the United Nations Zalmay Khalilzad stated on April 16, 2008, that he was gravely concerned about the escalating politically motivated violence perpetrated by security forces and ruling party militias; Whereas Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice stated on April 17, 2008, that Robert Mugabe has done more harm to his country than would have been imaginable and that the last years have been really an abomination and called for the AU and SADC to strengthen efforts to achieve a political resolution to the crisis; Whereas Human Rights Watch reported on April 19, 2008, that the Mugabe regime had developed a network of informal detention centers to intimidate, torture, and detain political opponents; Whereas the Mugabe regime has, in violation of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, done at Vienna April 18, 1961 (23 U.S.T. 3229), harassed United States and other diplomats in retaliation for their repeated protest of recent violence, including by detaining the United States ambassador’s vehicle for several hours on May 13, 2008, and detaining five United States embassy staff and two local embassy workers on June 5, 1998, one of whom was physically assaulted; Whereas reports of killings, abductions, beatings, torture, and sexual violence against civilians in Zimbabwe have continued, resulting in some 10,000 people being assaulted and at least 30,000 displaced; Whereas the MDC and Presidential candidate Tsvangirai withdrew from the June 27, 2008, runoff presidential election, citing intensified political repression and killings of their supporters; Whereas the Mugabe regime persisted with the runoff election, despite the protest of many leaders in Africa, the EU, SADC, the United Nations Security Council, and the United States Government; Whereas results from the runoff election unsurprisingly declared Robert Mugabe, the only standing candidate, as the winner with 85 percent of the vote, and he was sworn into office; Whereas SADC, the Pan-African Parliament, and AU Observer missions to Zimbabwe made statements on June 29 and 30, 2008, finding that the elections fell short of accepted African Union standards, did not give rise to free, fair, or credible elections, and did not reflect the will of the people of Zimbabwe; Whereas, on June 4, 2008, the Mugabe regime banned the operations of non-governmental organizations in Zimbabwe, including those who provide food and aid to millions of Zimbabweans suffering at the result of a ZANU-PF’s policies, exacerbating the humanitarian crisis and leaving newly displaced victims of political violence without assistance; Whereas Nelson Mandela has described the situation in Zimbabwe as a tragic failure of leadership, while the Government of Botswana has refused to recognize the election outcome as legitimate and has said that representatives of the administration should be excluded from SADC and African Union meetings; Whereas the African Union passed a resolution on July 1, 2008, expressing concern for the loss of life in Zimbabwe and the need to initiate political dialogue to promote peace, democracy, and reconciliation; Whereas the MDC reported on July 9, 2008, that 129 of its supporters have been killed since the first round of elections, including 20 since the runoff election, 1,500 of its activists and officials are in detention, and 5,000 are missing or unaccounted for; and Whereas the Group of Eight (G8) industrialized nations, at their annual summit, issued a joint statement on July 8, 2008, rejecting the June 27, 2008, election and legitimacy of the Mugabe regime, as well as committing to further measures against those responsible for the violence: Now, therefore, be it

That it is the sense of the Senate— (1)to support the people of Zimbabwe, who continue to face widespread violence, political repression, a humanitarian emergency, and economic adversity; (2)to condemn the Mugabe regime for its manipulation of the country’s electoral process, including the March 29, 2008, election and the June 27, 2008, runoff election and the regime's continued attacks against, and intimidation of, opposition members and supporters and civil society; (3)to reject the results of the June 27, 2008, presidential runoff election in Zimbabwe as illegitimate because of widespread irregularities, systematic violence by the Mugabe regime, and the boycott of the MDC; (4)to encourage the President's continued efforts to tighten and expand sanctions on those individuals responsible for violations of human and political rights in Zimbabwe; (5)to applaud the Governments of Benin, Botswana, Liberia, Kenya, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Zambia for condemning the violent derailment of the runoff election at the African Union summit in Sharm El-Sheikh; (6)to encourage all members of the United Nations Security Council to vote in favor of the proposed resolution that would authorize a United Nations Special Representative to support the negotiations process, impose an international arms embargo, and strengthen financial penalties on those individuals most responsible for undermining democratic processes; (7)to encourage the African Union to initiate an inclusive political dialogue between both parties and deploy a protection force to prevent attacks, assist victims, and prevent the security situation from further deteriorating; (8)to urge leaders in Africa to engage directly in the effort to achieve an expeditious political resolution to the crisis; (9)to urge the United States Government and the international community to assemble a comprehensive economic and political recovery package for Zimbabwe in the event that a political resolution is reached and a truly democratic government is formed; and (10)to support a lasting democratic political solution that reflects the will and respects the rights of the people of Zimbabwe, including mechanisms to ensure that future elections are free and fair, in accordance with regional and international standards.