110 S987 IS: Biofuels for Energy Security and
U.S. Senate
2007-03-26
text/xml
EN
Pursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain.
1.Short
title; table of contents
(a)This Act may be cited
as the Biofuels for Energy Security
and Transportation Act of 2007
.
(b)The table of contents of this Act is as follows:
Sec. 1. Short title; table of
contents.
Sec. 2. Definitions.
TITLE I—Renewable fuel
standard
Sec. 101. Renewable fuel
standard.
TITLE II—Renewable fuels
infrastructure
Sec. 201. Infrastructure pilot
program for renewable fuels.
Sec. 202. Bioenergy research and
development.
Sec. 203. Bioresearch centers for
systems biology program.
Sec. 204. Loan guarantees for
renewable fuel facilities.
Sec. 205. Grants for renewable fuel
production research and development in certain States.
Sec. 206. Grants for infrastructure
for transportation of biomass to local biorefineries.
Sec. 207. Biorefinery information
center.
Sec. 208. Conversion assistance for
cellulosic biomass, waste-derived ethanol, approved renewable
fuels.
Sec. 209. Alternative fuel database
and materials.
Sec. 210. Fuel tank cap labeling
requirement.
TITLE III—Studies
Sec. 301. Study of advanced biofuels
technologies.
Sec. 302. Study of increased
consumption of ethanol-blended gasoline with higher levels of
ethanol.
Sec. 303. Pipeline feasibility
study.
Sec. 304. Study of optimization of
alternative fueled vehicles to use E–85 fuel.
Sec. 305. Study of credits for use
of renewable electricity in electric vehicles.
2.In this Act:
(1)
(A)The term advanced biofuel means fuel derived
from renewable biomass other than corn kernels.
(B)The
term advanced biofuel includes—
(i)ethanol derived
from cellulose, hemicellulose, or lignin;
(ii)ethanol derived
from sugar or starch, other than ethanol derived from corn kernels;
(iii)ethanol derived
from waste material, including crop residue, other vegetative waste material,
animal waste, and municipal solid waste;
(iv)diesel-equivalent
fuel derived from renewable biomass, including vegetable oil and animal
fat;
(v)biogas produced
by the anaerobic digestion or fermentation of organic matter from renewable
biomass; and
(vi)butanol produced
by the fermentation of renewable biomass.
(2)Cellulosic
biomass ethanolThe term cellulosic biomass ethanol
means ethanol derived from any cellulose, hemicellulose, or lignin that is
derived from renewable biomass.
(3)The term conventional biofuel means ethanol
derived from corn kernels.
(4)
(A)The term renewable biomass means any organic
matter that is available on a renewable or recurring basis.
(B)The
term renewable biomass includes—
(i)renewable plant
material, including—
(I)feed
grains;
(II)other
agricultural commodities;
(III)other plants
and trees grown for energy production; and
(IV)algae;
and
(ii)waste material,
including—
(I)crop
residue;
(II)other vegetative
waste material (including wood waste and wood residues);
(III)animal waste
and byproducts (including fats, oils, greases, and manure); and
(IV)municipal solid
waste.
(C)The
term renewable biomass does not include old-growth timber of a
forest from the late successional stage of forest development.
(5)
(A)The term renewable fuel means motor vehicle
fuel, boiler fuel, or home heating fuel that is—
(i)produced from
renewable biomass; and
(ii)used to replace
or reduce the quantity of fossil fuel present in a fuel mixture used to operate
a motor vehicle, boiler, or furnace that would otherwise operate using fossil
fuel.
(B)The
term renewable fuel includes—
(i)conventional
biofuel; and
(ii)advanced
biofuel.
(6)The term Secretary means the
Secretary of Energy.
(7)The term small refinery means a refinery
for which the average aggregate daily crude oil throughput for a calendar year
(as determined by dividing the aggregate throughput for the calendar year by
the number of days in the calendar year) does not exceed 75,000 barrels.
<enum>I</enum><header>Renewable fuel
standard</header>
<section id="id5739883669804217980DFE3CC82F6068"><enum>101.</enum><header>Renewable fuel
standard</header>
<subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="IDFFA7CCF02E104C919B984F9CC550709E"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Renewable fuel
program</header>
<paragraph id="ID4678179F7DF24F9B86CFCA4FCDF15DA7"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Regulations</header>
<subparagraph id="ID3C8C2D80A5C641F79C6EA15847597190"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this
Act, the President shall promulgate regulations to ensure that motor vehicle
fuel, home heating oil, and boiler fuel sold or introduced into commerce in the
United States (except in noncontiguous States or territories), on an annual
average basis, contains the applicable volume of renewable fuel determined in
accordance with paragraph (2).</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="IDFD8EA7129091437D9B5C489AC4BDCD6C"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Provisions of
regulations</header><text>Regardless of the date of promulgation, the
regulations promulgated under subparagraph (A)—</text>
<clause id="ID6042A74E55CE4A09BB150B1E3D7813F2"><enum>(i)</enum><text>shall contain
compliance provisions applicable to refineries, blenders, distributors, and
importers, as appropriate, to ensure that the requirements of this subsection
are met; but</text>
</clause><clause id="IDB24524D9C7A241769F613D9A92D571B1"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>shall
not—</text>
<subclause id="ID217D11F1A81F4FFC997BEEFCAE703060"><enum>(I)</enum><text>restrict
geographic areas in the contiguous United States in which renewable fuel may be
used; or</text>
</subclause><subclause id="IDA7F45E7DDA584075A5C764DA77E4D871"><enum>(II)</enum><text>impose any
per-gallon obligation for the use of renewable fuel.</text>
</subclause></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="id5A726765F16B413C83E55D01F1D6C054"><enum>(C)</enum><header>Relationship to
other regulations</header><text>Regulations promulgated under this paragraph
shall, to the maximum extent practicable, incorporate the program structure,
compliance, and reporting requirements established under the final regulations
promulgated to implement the renewable fuel program established by the
amendment made by section 1501(a)(2) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (Public
Law 109–58; 119 Stat. 1067).</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="IDE854E79144114F8F9CA44464BE2BFCBB"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Applicable
volume</header>
<subparagraph id="id98082960EE1A439DB1080F5C1017CC9D"><enum>(A)</enum><header>Calendar years
2008 through 2022</header>
<clause id="idD69E8AD4666E452D84809857DA0E6E8E"><enum>(i)</enum><header>Renewable
fuel</header><text>For the purpose of paragraph (1), subject to clause (ii),
the applicable volume for any of calendar years 2008 through 2022 shall be
determined in accordance with the following table:</text>
<table line-rules="no-gen" table-type="subformat">
<tgroup cols="2">
<tbody>
<row><entry colname="I50">Applicable volume of renewable
fuel</entry>
</row>
<row><entry colname="I49">Calendar year:</entry><entry colname="I50">(in billions of gallons):</entry>
</row>
<row><entry colname="I51">2008</entry><entry colname="I52">8.5</entry>
</row>
<row><entry colname="I51">2009</entry><entry colname="I52">10.5</entry>
</row>
<row><entry colname="I51">2010</entry><entry colname="I52">12.0</entry>
</row>
<row><entry colname="I51">2011</entry><entry colname="I52">12.6</entry>
</row>
<row><entry colname="I51">2012</entry><entry colname="I52">13.2</entry>
</row>
<row><entry colname="I51">2013</entry><entry colname="I52">13.8</entry>
</row>
<row><entry colname="I51">2014</entry><entry colname="I52">14.4</entry>
</row>
<row><entry colname="I51">2015</entry><entry colname="I52">15.0</entry>
</row>
<row><entry colname="I51">2016</entry><entry colname="I52">18.0</entry>
</row>
<row><entry colname="I51">2017</entry><entry colname="I52">21.0</entry>
</row>
<row><entry colname="I51">2018</entry><entry colname="I52">24.0</entry>
</row>
<row><entry colname="I51">2019</entry><entry colname="I52">27.0</entry>
</row>
<row><entry colname="I51">2020</entry><entry colname="I52">30.0</entry>
</row>
<row><entry colname="I51">2021</entry><entry colname="I52">33.0</entry>
</row>
<row><entry colname="I51">2022</entry><entry colname="I52">36.0</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
</clause><clause id="idA86EE7B18F704830830A9F8384337776"><enum>(ii)</enum><header>Advanced
biofuels</header><text>For the purpose of paragraph (1), of the volume of
renewable fuel required under clause (i), the applicable volume for any of
calendar years 2016 through 2022 for advanced biofuels shall be determined in
accordance with the following table:</text>
<table line-rules="no-gen" table-type="subformat">
<tgroup cols="2">
<tbody>
<row><entry colname="I50">Applicable volume of advanced
biofuels</entry>
</row>
<row><entry colname="I49">Calendar year:</entry><entry colname="I50">(in billions of gallons):</entry>
</row>
<row><entry colname="I51">2016</entry><entry colname="I52">3.0</entry>
</row>
<row><entry colname="I51">2017</entry><entry colname="I52">6.0</entry>
</row>
<row><entry colname="I51">2018</entry><entry colname="I52">9.0</entry>
</row>
<row><entry colname="I51">2019</entry><entry colname="I52">12.0</entry>
</row>
<row><entry colname="I51">2020</entry><entry colname="I52">15.0</entry>
</row>
<row><entry colname="I51">2021</entry><entry colname="I52">18.0</entry>
</row>
<row><entry colname="I51">2022</entry><entry colname="I52">21.0</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
</clause></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id40378052F5EA4504A175B206F989706A"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Calendar year
2023 and thereafter</header><text>Subject to subparagraph (C), for the purposes
of paragraph (1), the applicable volume for calendar year 2023 and each
calendar year thereafter shall be determined by the President, in coordination
with the Secretary of Energy, the Secretary of Agriculture, and the
Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, based on a review of the
implementation of the program during calendar years 2007 through 2022,
including a review of—</text>
<clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id52C0CB02AD3A4E34A8DF4D36D25AAA87"><enum>(i)</enum><text>the impact of
renewable fuels on the energy security of the United States;</text>
</clause><clause id="ID0C995FCF132648338C940614966497D2"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>the expected
annual rate of future production of renewable fuels, including advanced
biofuels; and</text>
</clause><clause id="ID4C7959F71F8D464E9CF1B595E523C138"><enum>(iii)</enum><text>the impact of
the use of renewable fuels on other factors, including job creation, the price
and supply of agricultural commodities, rural economic development, and the
environment.</text>
</clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="IDFB75940B31E54B6ABDBC7D328B79B800"><enum>(C)</enum><header>Minimum
applicable volume</header><text>Subject to subparagraph (D), for the purpose of
paragraph (1), the applicable volume for calendar year 2023 and each calendar
year thereafter shall be equal to the product obtained by multiplying—</text>
<clause id="IDC3B78AB698CA4C9DA0227AB4A277FAED"><enum>(i)</enum><text>the
number of gallons of gasoline that the President estimates will be sold or
introduced into commerce in the calendar year; and</text>
</clause><clause id="IDB81DB25CAE6F4940A96789A0B75E71AE"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>the ratio
that—</text>
<subclause id="ID7956982E398D44B6AED722C2DDEF42BE"><enum>(I)</enum><text>36,000,000,000
gallons of renewable fuel; bears to</text>
</subclause><subclause id="IDC21F0B9B77BD48688A21B0D734A1985D"><enum>(II)</enum><text>the number of
gallons of gasoline sold or introduced into commerce in calendar year
2022.</text>
</subclause></clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="idB37F4D404B514D01A29E5694F96BB8F8"><enum>(D)</enum><header>Maximum
quantity derived from conventional biofuel feedstocks</header><text>For the
purpose of paragraph (1), the applicable volume for calendar year 2023 and each
calendar year thereafter shall not exceed 15,000,000,000 gallons of
conventional biofuel.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="IDBEB90ED19B944A1C9882461D4783687C"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Applicable
percentages</header>
<paragraph id="IDA4780394076B40EA927C36AE90EFF747"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Provision of
estimate of volumes of gasoline sales</header><text>Not later than October 31
of each of calendar years 2008 through 2021, the Administrator of the Energy
Information Administration shall provide to the President an estimate, with
respect to the following calendar year, of the volumes of gasoline projected to
be sold or introduced into commerce in the United States.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID0EA05C3E38524073A5AC614FB7A41198"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Determination
of applicable percentages</header>
<subparagraph id="ID67C3250E70634BD4A15168C3A6406511"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>Not later than November 30 of each of calendar years 2008
through 2022, based on the estimate provided under paragraph (1), the President
shall determine and publish in the Federal Register, with respect to the
following calendar year, the renewable fuel obligation that ensures that the
requirements of subsection (a) are met.</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="ID4614988BE3B642ED9B104B37785E9A76"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Required
elements</header><text>The renewable fuel obligation determined for a calendar
year under subparagraph (A) shall—</text>
<clause id="ID6A9EFCCF8A4343259728B914A34ADA98"><enum>(i)</enum><text>be
applicable to refineries, blenders, and importers, as appropriate;</text>
</clause><clause id="IDE70E92AE72714505A85EEE8EAA0F6028"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>be
expressed in terms of a volume percentage of gasoline sold or introduced into
commerce in the United States; and</text>
</clause><clause id="ID00A092AB634E499E9166248485829045"><enum>(iii)</enum><text>subject to
paragraph (3)(A), consist of a single applicable percentage that applies to all
categories of persons specified in clause (i).</text>
</clause></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="ID379A617DDA574C2A8DF34F781E7713D3"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Adjustments</header><text>In
determining the applicable percentage for a calendar year, the President shall
make adjustments—</text>
<subparagraph id="ID8031BB40826D49B691A8156198EEF92C"><enum>(A)</enum><text>to prevent the
imposition of redundant obligations on any person specified in paragraph
(2)(B)(i); and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="IDD35D90E583124059BEEE3566CC1F8756"><enum>(B)</enum><text>to account for
the use of renewable fuel during the previous calendar year by small refineries
that are exempt under subsection (g).</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID09E791E35F684207B8894361D261308A"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Volume
conversion factors for renewable fuels based on energy content or
requirements</header>
<paragraph id="IDd5e6f3195be043eb8c07d7b022701983"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>For the purpose of subsection (a), the President shall
assign values to specific types of advanced biofuels for the purpose of
satisfying the fuel volume requirements of subsection (a)(2) in accordance with
this subsection.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID94a01ceddc4442b4908db9ffcec19f40"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Energy content
relative to ethanol</header><text>For advanced biofuel, 1 gallon of the
advanced biofuel shall be considered to be the equivalent of 1 gallon of
renewable fuel multiplied by the ratio that—</text>
<subparagraph id="IDb9a3c32cbabe44c1beaa994fc6a107ec"><enum>(A)</enum><text>the number of
British thermal units of energy produced by the combustion of 1 gallon of the
advanced biofuel (as measured under conditions determined by the Secretary);
bears to</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="IDff2ec77f19af44b7b2781d9c1ab9bc2a"><enum>(B)</enum><text>the number of
British thermal units of energy produced by the combustion of 1 gallon of pure
ethanol (as measured under conditions determined by the Secretary to be
comparable to conditions described in subparagraph (A)).</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="IDea3c8e1583e6408d8fbdde7670118926"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Transitional
energy-related conversion factors for cellulosic biomass
ethanol</header><text>For any of calendar years 2008 through 2015, 1 gallon of
cellulosic biomass ethanol shall be considered to be the equivalent of 2.5
gallons of renewable fuel.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="IDF0D5B7DC8DAB49F395D1585744C60E7B"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Credit
program</header>
<paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id7003EDF1208840B785DAB9C7EC2E810D"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>The President, in consultation with the Secretary and the
Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, shall implement a credit
program to manage the renewable fuel requirement of this section in a manner
consistent with the credit program established by the amendment made by section
1501(a)(2) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (<external-xref legal-doc="public-law" parsable-cite="pl/109/58">Public Law 109–58</external-xref>; 119 Stat.
1067).</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id916D99CAE3184D6DADF14BBF021D5D2F"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Market
transparency</header><text>In carrying out the credit program under this
subsection, the President shall facilitate price transparency in markets for
the sale and trade of credits, with due regard for the public interest, the
integrity of those markets, fair competition, and the protection of consumers
and agricultural producers.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="IDBC29A786156E4A488BD2FE096EBC2088"><enum>(e)</enum><header>Seasonal
variations in renewable fuel use</header>
<paragraph id="IDB16C6B611CD74DEE880E62FF6B94A522"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Study</header><text>For
each of calendar years 2007 through 2020, the Administrator of the Energy
Information Administration shall conduct a study of renewable fuel blending to
determine whether there are excessive seasonal variations in the use of
renewable fuel.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID603FCA6DA79F41E1A71233F1AE0CC88E"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Regulation of
excessive seasonal variations</header><text>If, for any calendar year, the
Administrator of the Energy Information Administration, based on the study
under paragraph (1), makes the determinations specified in paragraph (3), the
President shall promulgate regulations to ensure that 25 percent or more of the
quantity of renewable fuel necessary to meet the requirements of subsection (a)
is used during each of the 2 periods specified in paragraph (4) of each
subsequent calendar year.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID7099A85E77EE40A6B0DD17A7E0681654"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Determinations</header><text>The
determinations referred to in paragraph (2) are that—</text>
<subparagraph id="IDB52CF71D6D564B6681990CED727614AE"><enum>(A)</enum><text>less than 25
percent of the quantity of renewable fuel necessary to meet the requirements of
subsection (a) has been used during 1 of the 2 periods specified in paragraph
(4) of the calendar year;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="ID13CED699A15F43C4820416F5CD822D6E"><enum>(B)</enum><text>a pattern of
excessive seasonal variation described in subparagraph (A) will continue in
subsequent calendar years; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="ID347FAA910E214354B6156E7F0912A13E"><enum>(C)</enum><text>promulgating
regulations or other requirements to impose a 25 percent or more seasonal use
of renewable fuels will not significantly—</text>
<clause id="id755611E5214C47A59978130D0E543D77"><enum>(i)</enum><text>increase the
price of motor fuels to the consumer; or</text>
</clause><clause id="idC6A9EF7CFCA64C8A90AC0D31CA8A0E87"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>prevent or
interfere with the attainment of national ambient air quality standards.</text>
</clause></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="IDA71FA26DC8A74E58A6D21CFEC5E12134"><enum>(4)</enum><header>Periods</header><text>The
2 periods referred to in this subsection are—</text>
<subparagraph id="ID68D6C15905C24CC0B26F950775C90397"><enum>(A)</enum><text>April through
September; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="IDF3FAB23DF3C84B12ABF237F28642013D"><enum>(B)</enum><text>January through
March and October through December.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="IDE221A6D702564C54B81DCF7D3953E9F4"><enum>(f)</enum><header>Waivers</header>
<paragraph id="ID554B5C8A61CF451B97F29945CEB71263"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>The President, in consultation with the Secretary of
Energy, the Secretary of Agriculture, and the Administrator of the
Environmental Protection Agency, may waive the requirements of subsection (a)
in whole or in part on petition by one or more States by reducing the national
quantity of renewable fuel required under subsection (a), based on a
determination by the President (after public notice and opportunity for
comment), that—</text>
<subparagraph id="ID7F44E5CB710E4819898347EB45514A9B"><enum>(A)</enum><text>implementation of
the requirement would severely harm the economy or environment of a State, a
region, or the United States; or</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="ID1C985CA180984C9BB905CF23680D01A9"><enum>(B)</enum><text>extreme and
unusual circumstances exist that prevent distribution of an adequate supply of
domestically-produced renewable fuel to consumers in the United States.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="ID8D3E18BB02D14961A56A1551D8577997"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Petitions for
waivers</header><text>The President, in consultation with the Secretary of
Energy, the Secretary of Agriculture, and the Administrator of the
Environmental Protection Agency, shall approve or disapprove a State petition
for a waiver of the requirements of subsection (a) within 90 days after the
date on which the petition is received by the President.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="IDB600D160E5C742349CEA58A95ED07DC3"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Termination of
waivers</header><text>A waiver granted under paragraph (1) shall terminate
after 1 year, but may be renewed by the President after consultation with the
Secretary of Energy, the Secretary of Agriculture, and the Administrator of the
Environmental Protection Agency.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID91E4DEB40647460CACFD0D976C6062B5"><enum>(g)</enum><header>Small
refineries</header>
<paragraph id="ID73426D9D588E470B965A1267A07A6821"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Temporary
exemption</header>
<subparagraph id="ID3F72EF5821074831A0367C27C72110BA"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>The requirements of subsection (a) shall not apply to
small refineries until calendar year 2013.</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="IDE2C6D23810B4475A98DAA348278AB84D"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Extension of
exemption</header>
<clause id="ID184E803A48DA4F04A1643E30EAF01975"><enum>(i)</enum><header>Study by
Secretary</header><text>Not later than December 31, 2008, the Secretary shall
submit to the President and Congress a report describing the results of a study
to determine whether compliance with the requirements of subsection (a) would
impose a disproportionate economic hardship on small refineries.</text>
</clause><clause id="ID92728B6C3074491CB6CA753144D11172"><enum>(ii)</enum><header>Extension of
exemption</header><text>In the case of a small refinery that the Secretary
determines under clause (i) would be subject to a disproportionate economic
hardship if required to comply with subsection (a), the President shall extend
the exemption under subparagraph (A) for the small refinery for a period of not
less than 2 additional years.</text>
</clause></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="ID29467E58924D43C09894780C23E4E794"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Petitions based
on disproportionate economic hardship</header>
<subparagraph id="ID89C2AFE18B894C83AA31BDBD4CA4D866"><enum>(A)</enum><header>Extension of
exemption</header><text>A small refinery may at any time petition the President
for an extension of the exemption under paragraph (1) for the reason of
disproportionate economic hardship.</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="IDC905A7D813A8439A91DCACE4923A02CD"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Evaluation of
petitions</header><text>In evaluating a petition under subparagraph (A), the
President, in consultation with the Secretary, shall consider the findings of
the study under paragraph (1)(B) and other economic factors.</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="IDB3BC539F903140C68F0631C42037C2C1"><enum>(C)</enum><header>Deadline for
action on petitions</header><text>The President shall act on any petition
submitted by a small refinery for a hardship exemption not later than 90 days
after the date of receipt of the petition.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="ID2CE9C556C5AC4331926C505D1721B48C"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Opt-in for
small refineries</header><text>A small refinery shall be subject to the
requirements of subsection (a) if the small refinery notifies the President
that the small refinery waives the exemption under paragraph (1).</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="id4E8DA0592B95443CA14B3C41E6BD86C9"><enum>(h)</enum><header>Penalties and
enforcement</header>
<paragraph id="ID2655567ed71c45a693a33572318aae5b"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Civil
penalties</header>
<subparagraph id="id0C272811FF81438689E8297DE10FF34E"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>Any person that violates a regulation promulgated under
subsection (a), or that fails to furnish any information required under such a
regulation, shall be liable to the United States for a civil penalty of not
more than the total of—</text>
<clause id="id54C1215368D34B3C9C8AB61EF0932BA7"><enum>(i)</enum><text>$25,000 for each
day of the violation; and</text>
</clause><clause id="idE46CA6ABF16A4D8BA5F69A7920C48495"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>the amount of
economic benefit or savings received by the person resulting from the
violation, as determined by the President.</text>
</clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="idC68C9D61730A4680AE5070C8F21B9DE1"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Collection</header><text>Civil
penalties under subparagraph (A) shall be assessed by, and collected in a civil
action brought by, the Secretary or such other officer of the United States as
is designated by the President.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="ID908db9460cec4c05877fa498c16871f7"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Injunctive
authority</header>
<subparagraph id="idB23C1D2424BB459FA1640B4808143F68"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>The district courts of the United States shall have
jurisdiction to—</text>
<clause id="id9FBFC1E7378249A4AA0DC73C73B0D2DC"><enum>(i)</enum><text>restrain a
violation of a regulation promulgated under subsection (a);</text>
</clause><clause id="id6C6667A2CD784C079F547DC6CD778680"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>award other
appropriate relief; and</text>
</clause><clause id="id9B9EB16AF8CF4965A52A01F50934C13A"><enum>(iii)</enum><text>compel the
furnishing of information required under the regulation.</text>
</clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="idA387552B24CD4A4D89760BD5696B52A2"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Actions</header><text>An
action to restrain such violations and compel such actions shall be brought by
and in the name of the United States.</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="id053BCA1B3E784AB6BFF56648C62B7916"><enum>(C)</enum><header>Subpoenas</header><text>In
the action, a subpoena for a witness who is required to attend a district court
in any district may apply in any other district.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id4CB4B614A8B7458EA7D6356257719D41"><enum>(i)</enum><header>Effective
date</header><text>Except as otherwise specifically provided in this section,
this section takes effect on January 1, 2008.</text>
</subsection></section><enum>II</enum><header>Renewable fuels
infrastructure</header>
<section id="ID61525d5116dd43699116816408460d39"><enum>201.</enum><header>Infrastructure
pilot program for renewable fuels</header>
<subsection id="IDa42a89de4db3487e8c178d425f496aed"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>The Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of
Transportation and the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency,
shall establish a competitive grant pilot program (referred to in this section
as the <quote>pilot program</quote>), to be administered through the Vehicle
Technology Deployment Program of the Department of Energy, to provide not more
than 10 geographically-dispersed project grants to State governments, local
governments, metropolitan transportation authorities, or partnerships of those
entities to carry out 1 or more projects for the purposes described in
subsection (b).</text>
</subsection><subsection id="IDa601661041ac4bcebbe76c8b9faed662"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Grant
purposes</header><text>A grant under this section shall be used for the
establishment of refueling infrastructure corridors, as designated by the
Secretary, for gasoline blends that contain at least 85 percent renewable fuel
or diesel fuel that contains at least 10 percent renewable fuel,
including—</text>
<paragraph id="ID14cfbddee769479c8cd238bc4cdb2a8d"><enum>(1)</enum><text>installation of
infrastructure and equipment necessary to ensure adequate distribution of
renewable fuels within the corridor;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID2b20137faf2446a79ddd9cd4409b30f7"><enum>(2)</enum><text>installation of
infrastructure and equipment necessary to directly support vehicles powered by
renewable fuels; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID1c35ab3e47b6497facdf6d9dba68420d"><enum>(3)</enum><text>operation and
maintenance of infrastructure and equipment installed as part of a project
funded by the grant.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="ID252cac894c2a443586e76b4195dbb182"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Applications</header>
<paragraph id="ID324449dfad8745c38c8f67d44cc9851f"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Requirements</header>
<subparagraph id="ID7de6f51dffe846aaa7121b716ffb6b25"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>Subject to subparagraph (B), not later than 90 days after
the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall issue requirements for
use in applying for grants under the pilot program.</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="ID0ff1bb4b34ea4cabbddf9bf1ca6e96d6"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Minimum
requirements</header><text>At a minimum, the Secretary shall require that an
application for a grant under this section—</text>
<clause id="ID980e1c06de1a470ca13059675244c803"><enum>(i)</enum><text>be
submitted by—</text>
<subclause id="IDe51f3c9da1544e329f2e1911eb025d8a"><enum>(I)</enum><text>the head of a
State or local government or a metropolitan transportation authority, or any
combination of those entities; and</text>
</subclause><subclause id="IDb279ef4b9bd04ce6867eb82dab6d0e5b"><enum>(II)</enum><text>a registered
participant in the Vehicle Technology Deployment Program of the Department of
Energy; and</text>
</subclause></clause><clause id="ID2210fe8358b54c699650b9260868b2eb"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>include—</text>
<subclause id="IDa53a888c357147449a441be75f009736"><enum>(I)</enum><text>a description of
the project proposed in the application, including the ways in which the
project meets the requirements of this section;</text>
</subclause><subclause id="IDdba28bfa557d4d0e8fb74b5290ca4a59"><enum>(II)</enum><text>an estimate of
the degree of use of the project, including the estimated size of fleet of
vehicles operated with renewable fuel available within the geographic region of
the corridor;</text>
</subclause><subclause id="ID4fcb506ce1ff4fd1819bee3dc6b09771"><enum>(III)</enum><text>an estimate of
the potential petroleum displaced as a result of the project, and a plan to
collect and disseminate petroleum displacement and other relevant data relating
to the project to be funded under the grant, over the expected life of the
project;</text>
</subclause><subclause id="ID9a8b9840dedf46ebaf0fcf6938c267eb"><enum>(IV)</enum><text>a description of
the means by which the project will be sustainable without Federal assistance
after the completion of the term of the grant;</text>
</subclause><subclause id="IDd6c815dd9aa74bf0884017ad711003eb"><enum>(V)</enum><text>a complete
description of the costs of the project, including acquisition, construction,
operation, and maintenance costs over the expected life of the project;
and</text>
</subclause><subclause id="IDe066d16a77bc41e6be30de6e3f2eb2ea"><enum>(VI)</enum><text>a description of
which costs of the project will be supported by Federal assistance under this
subsection.</text>
</subclause></clause></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="ID31d6377bc5804e9ba9208899f5df1068"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Partners</header><text>An
applicant under paragraph (1) may carry out a project under the pilot program
in partnership with public and private entities.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="ID2cba09bb28d84535aa4b5ca7330e832e"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Selection
criteria</header><text>In evaluating applications under the pilot program, the
Secretary shall—</text>
<paragraph id="IDfc16c520cc2644c1b06f8d556e3d6ec5"><enum>(1)</enum><text>consider the
experience of each applicant with previous, similar projects; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID2839df2621a94f75b276120d167eac2c"><enum>(2)</enum><text>give priority
consideration to applications that—</text>
<subparagraph id="IDb9c39699e944478da3f11d650010319f"><enum>(A)</enum><text>are most likely
to maximize displacement of petroleum consumption;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="IDd9c5828c6051482e8b7d48f255a06539"><enum>(B)</enum><text>demonstrate the
greatest commitment on the part of the applicant to ensure funding for the
proposed project and the greatest likelihood that the project will be
maintained or expanded after Federal assistance under this subsection is
completed;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="ID99ecd162cc164bd8928a6828e83c719e"><enum>(C)</enum><text>represent a
partnership of public and private entities; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="ID7bd100c5044b4304bea78acd253bd778"><enum>(D)</enum><text>exceed the
minimum requirements of subsection (c)(1)(B).</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="ID5aff707c4af14d36b8f7d54994ad0734"><enum>(e)</enum><header>Pilot project
requirements</header>
<paragraph id="ID2a3622c5e3d54bc7a3fdb7c30840953b"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Maximum
amount</header><text>The Secretary shall provide not more than $20,000,000 in
Federal assistance under the pilot program to any applicant.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID63dcc3634fad46b88b5c0001f25ea2cf"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Cost
sharing</header><text>The non-Federal share of the cost of any activity
relating to renewable fuel infrastructure development carried out using funds
from a grant under this section shall be not less than 20 percent.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID4349304669e346b09f2bb3cafa1b146a"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Maximum period
of grants</header><text>The Secretary shall not provide funds to any applicant
under the pilot program for more than 2 years.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID8f56446e6e714647a086592529b1fc25"><enum>(4)</enum><header>Deployment and
distribution</header><text>The Secretary shall seek, to the maximum extent
practicable, to ensure a broad geographic distribution of project sites funded
by grants under this section.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="IDde90f46c20c643189353d4f9db9e23c0"><enum>(5)</enum><header>Transfer of
information and knowledge</header><text>The Secretary shall establish
mechanisms to ensure that the information and knowledge gained by participants
in the pilot program are transferred among the pilot program participants and
to other interested parties, including other applicants that submitted
applications.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="ID8fd266ebc6524ad883b1b47882f6e80f"><enum>(f)</enum><header>Schedule</header>
<paragraph id="ID3d7e325872314f4698df80644d85d517"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Initial
grants</header>
<subparagraph id="ID0af972b400424c79ac79e13b3f35acd2"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of
this Act, the Secretary shall publish in the Federal Register, Commerce
Business Daily, and such other publications as the Secretary considers to be
appropriate, a notice and request for applications to carry out projects under
the pilot program.</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="IDa1ca32ed6db74a978163ac1bb7a7f1dd"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Deadline</header><text>An
application described in subparagraph (A) shall be submitted to the Secretary
by not later than 180 days after the date of publication of the notice under
that subparagraph.</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="ID2fd6bd507b8b4965995711da40069d43"><enum>(C)</enum><header>Initial
selection</header><text>Not later than 90 days after the date by which
applications for grants are due under subparagraph (B), the Secretary shall
select by competitive, peer-reviewed proposal up to 5 applications for projects
to be awarded a grant under the pilot program.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="ID826382f5494041349b67f3ed4e8da649"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Additional
grants</header>
<subparagraph id="ID5dee9d1aa24a4f7c8500c6c6ea7af85e"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of
this Act, the Secretary shall publish in the Federal Register, Commerce
Business Daily, and such other publications as the Secretary considers to be
appropriate, a notice and request for additional applications to carry out
projects under the pilot program that incorporate the information and knowledge
obtained through the implementation of the first round of projects authorized
under the pilot program.</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="ID9e784a0f2eec413794537a62dbbd56d6"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Deadline</header><text>An
application described in subparagraph (A) shall be submitted to the Secretary
by not later than 180 days after the date of publication of the notice under
that subparagraph.</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="ID6d9a9aeed51547079b440aef0633effe"><enum>(C)</enum><header>Initial
selection</header><text>Not later than 90 days after the date by which
applications for grants are due under subparagraph (B), the Secretary shall
select by competitive, peer-reviewed proposal such additional applications for
projects to be awarded a grant under the pilot program as the Secretary
determines to be appropriate.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="ID7f79322190c0423c9e03920d815e7124"><enum>(g)</enum><header>Reports to
Congress</header>
<paragraph id="ID45b4336072844be89700fd9dc166b87e"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Initial
report</header><text>Not later than 60 days after the date on which grants are
awarded under this section, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report
containing—</text>
<subparagraph id="IDf64ae8cdbaf24350b964c499ddc49225"><enum>(A)</enum><text>an identification
of the grant recipients and a description of the projects to be funded under
the pilot program;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="ID4aa05032b48f4086871cd7dc55cab187"><enum>(B)</enum><text>an identification
of other applicants that submitted applications for the pilot program but to
which funding was not provided; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="ID8cb8056002b5481983f092a4774cc877"><enum>(C)</enum><text>a description of
the mechanisms used by the Secretary to ensure that the information and
knowledge gained by participants in the pilot program are transferred among the
pilot program participants and to other interested parties, including other
applicants that submitted applications.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="IDde72729b01e04f888694591a4f4167c7"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Evaluation</header><text>Not
later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, and annually
thereafter until the termination of the pilot program, the Secretary shall
submit to Congress a report containing an evaluation of the effectiveness of
the pilot program, including an assessment of the petroleum displacement and
benefits to the environment derived from the projects included in the pilot
program.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="IDc766bb5a5c7642a18f223ebcc1adb0a5"><enum>(h)</enum><header>Authorization
of appropriations</header><text>There is authorized to be appropriated to the
Secretary to carry out this section $200,000,000, to remain available until
expended.</text>
</subsection></section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idBD9EE98FDF4E46A686066C9E22BBA4E1" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>202.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Bioenergy research and
development</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Section 931(c) of
the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/16231">42 U.S.C. 16231(c)</external-xref>) is amended—</text>
<paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idC03A5D2DC2EC42299FF0753B411C65C8"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">in paragraph (1), by striking
<quote>$213,000,000</quote> and inserting <quote>$326,000,000</quote>;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id596764292BE84F65A62CDB167ED4839C"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">in paragraph (2), by striking
<quote>$251,000,000</quote> and inserting <quote>$377,000,000</quote>;
and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id2AA4FE2CA42149B49DDAB84377B2BB72"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">in paragraph (3), by striking
<quote>$274,000,000</quote> and inserting <quote>$398,000,000</quote>.</text>
</paragraph></section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id816AC103C26A4D86B83E8903062F7C6A" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>203.</enum><header>Bioresearch centers
for systems biology program</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Section 977(a)(1) of the Energy Policy Act
of 2005 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/16317">42 U.S.C. 16317(a)(1)</external-xref>) is amended by inserting before the period at
the end the following: <quote>, including the establishment of at least 7
bioresearch centers that focus on biofuels, of which at least 1 center shall be
located in each of the 4 Petroleum Administration for Defense Districts with no
subdistricts and 1 center shall be located in each of the subdistricts of the
Petroleum Administration for Defense District with subdistricts</quote>.</text>
</section><section id="ID10622457b878455f992ce81d4dd44c2e"><enum>204.</enum><header>Loan
guarantees for renewable fuel facilities</header>
<subsection id="id701A101A4B864FF0AD89B7753331DD3C"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>Section 1703 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C.
16513) is amended by adding at the end the following:</text>
<quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id077DB13A050844B3ADFC2FF9E8C178E2" style="OLC">
<subsection id="id48A3A5169DDF401FA9046EE0AA9AF7BE"><enum>(f)</enum><header>Renewable fuel
facilities</header>
<paragraph id="ID870d885e0832464483f67979bc2984c5"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>The Secretary may make guarantees under this title for
projects that produce advanced biofuel (as defined in section 2 of the
<short-title>Biofuels for Energy Security and
Transportation Act of 2007</short-title>).</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID1c8adbd356a64edaa6eef3af6325e384"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Requirements</header><text>A
project under this subsection shall employ new or significantly improved
technologies for the production of renewable fuels as compared to commercial
technologies in service in the United States at the time that the guarantee is
issued.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID96b6c089ed28474a835a14ad45c26e53"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Issuance of
first loan guarantees</header><text>The requirement of section 20320(b) of
division B of the Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2007 (Public Law
109–289, <external-xref legal-doc="public-law" parsable-cite="pl/110/5">Public Law 110–5</external-xref>), relating to the issuance of final regulations,
shall not apply to the first 6 guarantees issued under this subsection.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="idCBF092F67ED74FDEBBEAB448B17FB2D1"><enum>(4)</enum><header>Project
design</header><text>A project for which a guarantee is made under this
subsection shall have a project design that has been validated through the
operation of a continuous process pilot facility with an annual output of at
least 50,000 gallons of ethanol.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID1c586a6c5c83489fba8b36bc5b99ee8d"><enum>(5)</enum><header>Maximum
guaranteed principal</header><text>The total principal amount of a loan
guaranteed under this subsection may not exceed $250,000,000 for a single
facility.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID3f13edfd51db4d808579562b4bf306a8"><enum>(6)</enum><header>Amount of
guarantee</header><text>The Secretary shall guarantee 100 percent of the
principal and interest due on 1 or more loans made for a facility that is the
subject of the guarantee under paragraph (3).</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID7fc1fbe132c14a2ea9f4490533fc6bbd"><enum>(7)</enum><header>Deadline</header><text>The
Secretary shall approve or disapprove an application for a guarantee under this
subsection not later than 90 days after the date of receipt of the
application.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="id5BAAC4EC11C7440A8166E7B61F2A8669"><enum>(8)</enum><header>Report</header><text>Not
later than 30 days after approving or disapproving an application under
paragraph (7), the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report on the approval
or disapproval (including the reasons for the
action).</text>
</paragraph></subsection><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block>
</subsection><subsection id="ID3e72186cb2444f3b87584303fc292697"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Improvements to
underlying loan guarantee authority</header>
<paragraph id="id6C362325765547FB9C3F8E653DE8144E"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Definition of
commercial technology</header><text>Section 1701(1) of the Energy Policy Act of
2005 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/16511">42 U.S.C. 16511(1)</external-xref>) is amended by striking subparagraph (B) and inserting
the following:</text>
<quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idAA3B72799841437D85E2F6B7F265BD9A" style="OLC">
<subparagraph id="ID3434ec47485f47b5a56b5dc592c8e843"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Exclusion</header><text>The
term <term>commercial technology</term> does not include a technology if the
sole use of the technology is in connection with—</text>
<clause id="idAA85C013193C4CC4905B67B2191253DF"><enum>(i)</enum><text>a
demonstration plant; or</text>
</clause><clause id="id9A0A2043CFBD46748D0DFB54D26E2847"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>a project for
which the Secretary approved a loan
guarantee.</text>
</clause></subparagraph><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID31e6bd28e1a74770b986666e83d9fe84"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Specific
appropriation or contribution</header><text>Section 1702 of the Energy Policy
Act of 2005 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/16512">42 U.S.C. 16512</external-xref>) is amended by striking subsection (b) and
inserting the following:</text>
<quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id5581447B2CB64BB9B26EB814D567A0FF" style="OLC">
<subsection id="ID6883582d4c514370896423b0054bfcb8"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Specific
appropriation or contribution</header>
<paragraph id="IDa8380318e28948a2a8ff26e290be8568"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>No guarantee shall be made unless—</text>
<subparagraph id="ID328875d9a49d4a93823eba08d2dfc63e"><enum>(A)</enum><text>an appropriation
for the cost has been made; or</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="ID47679a9fd6ec43bab0b138b5391a6ee4"><enum>(B)</enum><text>the Secretary has
received from the borrower a payment in full for the cost of the obligation and
deposited the payment into the Treasury.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="ID38ee7cb8d7c949cfbc0e27e7319de9ae"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Limitation</header><text>The
source of payments received from a borrower under paragraph (1)(B) shall not be
a loan or other debt obligation that is made or guaranteed by the Federal
Government.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID2ab830f7866d4f5bb4a42a678c1c5135"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Relation to
other laws</header><text>Section 504(b) of the <act-name parsable-cite="FCRA90">Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990</act-name> (2 U.S.C.
661c(b)) shall not apply to a loan or loan guarantee made in accordance with
paragraph
(1)(B).</text>
</paragraph></subsection><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID52158ab4ba594135bc054d0f0d90acd6"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Amount</header><text>Section
1702 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/16512">42 U.S.C. 16512</external-xref>) is amended by striking
subsection (c) and inserting the following:</text>
<quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id5484D9CB4EB54F909B883473C1BAF39C" style="OLC">
<subsection id="ID6c8351995d3044a89ca6456e7b185b7d"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Amount</header>
<paragraph id="ID72369cf7f3064b1c9a2f2d5daabd7af2"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>Subject to paragraph (2), the Secretary shall guarantee
up to 100 percent of the principal and interest due on 1 or more loans for a
facility that are the subject of the guarantee.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID791c192541bb4f8e99f445f21b06c466"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Limitation</header><text>The
total amount of loans guaranteed for a facility by the Secretary shall not
exceed 80 percent of the total cost of the facility, as estimated at the time
at which the guarantee is
issued.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block>
</paragraph><paragraph id="IDa925821bebd7492190f4fb30db43868d"><enum>(4)</enum><header>Subrogation</header><text>Section
1702(g)(2) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/16512">42 U.S.C. 16512(g)(2)</external-xref>) is
amended—</text>
<subparagraph id="ID79136a01aaac45cda4a5bd86223c243a"><enum>(A)</enum><text>by striking
subparagraph (B); and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="ID63041ceef19141ffb3e0e1643c7fff3a"><enum>(B)</enum><text>by redesignating
subparagraph (C) as subparagraph (B).</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph></subsection></section><section id="IDc0fdbc2c2f4646a8bae05a72c8bbb4d7"><enum>205.</enum><header>Grants for
renewable fuel production research and development in certain States</header>
<subsection id="ID12de2bc5b1fb4259b1c0ca1b22048d0f"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>The Secretary shall provide grants to eligible entities
to conduct research into, and develop and implement, renewable fuel production
technologies in States with low rates of ethanol production, including low
rates of production of cellulosic biomass ethanol.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="ID31170871747e4ab89b44923d36a8b2b4"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Eligibility</header><text>To
be eligible to receive a grant under the section, an entity shall—</text>
<paragraph id="id9E074F8CD2CB407D836DDB11DE462F7A"><enum>(1)</enum><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="yes-display-inline" id="idD57FE1E0751944F6B673492B2709A475"><enum>(A)</enum><text>be an institution of
higher education (as defined in section 2 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42
U.S.C. 15801)) located in a State described in subsection (a); or</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="id2DE7B7E72E784A59A08837E02379E639" indent="up1"><enum>(B)</enum><text>be a consortium of such institutions
of higher education, industry, State agencies, or local government agencies
located in the State; and</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="id634EB154EE4E4BD4AD37181038D30E9D"><enum>(2)</enum><text>have proven
experience and capabilities with relevant technologies.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="ID3d4ffbb67f38418ba2f0801775b1bb67"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Authorization
of appropriations</header><text>There is authorized to be appropriated to carry
out this section $25,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2008 through 2010.</text>
</subsection></section><section id="id01AB222BAB7F44C08FF5A75EB3071931"><enum>206.</enum><header>Grants for
infrastructure for transportation of biomass to local biorefineries</header>
<subsection id="idA5762FF0D17947C2967F3FAEBA211A9F"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>The Secretary shall conduct a program under which the
Secretary shall provide grants to local governments and other eligible entities
(as determined by the Secretary) (referred to in this section as
<quote>eligible entities</quote>) to promote the development of infrastructure
to support the transportation of biomass to local biorefineries, including by
portable processing equipment.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="idF12C5467C7AF4AF6BA2AB0BEBDDE4E2E"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Phases</header><text>The
Secretary shall conduct the program in the following phases:</text>
<paragraph id="IDdc4857b158754ffc98d028818f609fcf"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Development</header><text>In
the first phase of the program, the Secretary shall make grants to eligible
entities to assist the eligible entities in the development of local projects
to promote the development of infrastructure to support the transportation of
biomass to local biorefineries, including by portable processing
equipment.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID8f60797076fa461a8fb8c950ae8b9aaa"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Implementation</header><text>In
the second phase of the program, the Secretary shall make competitive grants to
eligible entities to implement projects developed under paragraph (1).</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idD9F727D42D21405E8EF2AEB2DC099406"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Authorization
of appropriations</header><text>There are authorized to be appropriated such
sums as are necessary to carry out this section.</text>
</subsection></section><section id="id3B6C1D67BC1F4EFFA30FA875D69CBF7F"><enum>207.</enum><header>Biorefinery
information center</header>
<subsection id="idE652F8A25948412C999050F9790C363A"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>The Secretary, in cooperation with the Secretary of
Agriculture, shall establish a biorefinery information center to make available
to interested parties information on—</text>
<paragraph id="idC6CA67C952414FFA937B15201B28FAAD"><enum>(1)</enum><text>renewable fuel
resources, including information on programs and incentives for renewable
fuels;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="idADE6DB39327242B9B4A532662E2A2AFB"><enum>(2)</enum><text>renewable fuel
producers;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="idE1AA6F8DE6A94F128FF0BE9A4C2C1977"><enum>(3)</enum><text>renewable fuel
users; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="id361FB58568DD4E8485F57C58DAF6E597"><enum>(4)</enum><text>potential
renewable fuel users.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="id625E2D9991AF47E18038E38DCAA2023C"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Administration</header><text>In
administering the biorefinery information center, the Secretary shall—</text>
<paragraph id="id4496E36E593643E8B77E8EA1CC93C597"><enum>(1)</enum><text>continually
update information provided by the center;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="idF4B9AD3AD67449258A6AFB5073A465AA"><enum>(2)</enum><text>make information
available to interested parties on the process for establishing a biorefinery;
and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="id8EA0258A6C084C598FBB5C78F34877CD"><enum>(3)</enum><text>make information
and assistance provided by the center available through a toll-free telephone
number and website.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id1638268274E941D28AFD995796B13BFE"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Authorization
of appropriations</header><text>There are authorized to be appropriated such
sums as are necessary to carry out this section.</text>
</subsection></section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID3D681C5C97B24A058B3A1B71FB0D89FA"><enum>208.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Conversion assistance for cellulosic
biomass, waste-derived ethanol, approved renewable fuels</header>
<subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID2048F94362E648E2B6D6892A02D52AB1"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Definitions</header><text>In
this section:</text>
<paragraph id="ID07601398CFD742198FB2EB72BCF06284"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Approved
renewable fuel</header><text>The term <term>approved renewable fuels</term>
means an alternative or replacement fuel that—</text>
<subparagraph id="idCC5E3821D6214A46BD3D8E3A5B98709F"><enum>(A)</enum><text>has been approved
under title III of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/13211">42 U.S.C. 13211 et seq.</external-xref>);
and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="id249305ECB3934B488F19CF8FB6E426B0"><enum>(B)</enum><text>is made from
renewable biomass.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="idBA23280431A64ABF8C5A7980ECD32BE9"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Producer</header><text>The
term <term>producer</term> means—</text>
<subparagraph id="ID16df8143eda7489cb5762c62ff739a76"><enum>(A)</enum><text>a merchant
producer;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="ID7d8219942e454e5389bab56c8ed29461"><enum>(B)</enum><text>a farm or dairy
cooperative; or</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="IDeff8837d7f85423eb4a3b880ee24a87a"><enum>(C)</enum><text>an association of
agricultural producers.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="id2333BD00B0E2471BA29BCA95457F0A1C"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Waste-derived
ethanol</header><text>The term <term>waste-derived ethanol</term> means ethanol
derived from—</text>
<subparagraph id="IDf656f954302945e9baf60bb97e17179e"><enum>(A)</enum><text>animal waste
(including poultry fat and poultry waste) and other waste material; or</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="ID48750ea0a2b24d949e2e68370c9acea5"><enum>(B)</enum><text>municipal solid
waste.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="IDA37E720C6B5B44D1B7ABE201200823D4"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Conversion
assistance</header><text>The Secretary may provide grants to producers of
cellulosic biomass ethanol, waste-derived ethanol, and approved renewable fuels
in the United States to assist the producers in building eligible production
facilities described in subsection (c) for the production of ethanol or
approved renewable fuels.</text>
</subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="IDAF65EA0C37C143B783FA06E88824A027"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Eligible
production facilities</header><text>A production facility shall be eligible to
receive a grant under this section if the production facility—</text>
<paragraph id="IDE8E6ABFB504646B4AB557E0F9569C6AE"><enum>(1)</enum><text>is located in the
United States; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID3ACA405440064C35837ABE2B98D33D46"><enum>(2)</enum><text>uses renewable
biomass.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID80F700C986AC4A0CB553F2BCFC730967"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Authorization
of appropriations</header><text>There are authorized to be appropriated to
carry out this section—</text>
<paragraph id="ID9038FDB0DA634B1C855DA231DD19B845"><enum>(1)</enum><text>$400,000,000 for
fiscal year 2008;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID80515594A9334E35BB78C15EBECF469F"><enum>(2)</enum><text>$500,000,000 for
fiscal year 2009; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="id7CB1A00FD36744EF9B19EACA431ED52A"><enum>(3)</enum><text>$600,000,000 for
fiscal year 2010.</text>
</paragraph></subsection></section><section id="id28351E9AC67B4E14AFABC999AB5BAF2A"><enum>209.</enum><header>Alternative
fuel database and materials</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">The Secretary and the Director of the
National Institute of Standards and Technology shall jointly establish and make
available to the public—</text>
<paragraph id="id766A243C175C4FA9825DEF4801DE9C11"><enum>(1)</enum><text>a database that
describes the physical properties of different types of alternative fuel;
and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idC0795CE9233F4A1B8896EB25688BD8F2"><enum>(2)</enum><text>standard
reference materials for different types of alternative fuel.</text>
</paragraph></section><section id="idAB81D9833D5241FD93FC0244CA2213C0"><enum>210.</enum><header>Fuel tank cap
labeling requirement</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Section
406(a) of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/13232">42 U.S.C. 13232(a)</external-xref>) is amended—</text>
<paragraph id="id2B9610A73C1A4DF3A743AFCA6ED6D367"><enum>(1)</enum><text>by striking
<quote>The Federal Trade Commission</quote> and inserting the following:</text>
<quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id9AFC1DFD3FB4496892602FC00C3E3256" style="OLC">
<paragraph id="id6BE9D67BFE0540C18A6AA237B7F6E012"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>The Federal Trade
Commission</text>
</paragraph><after-quoted-block>;
and</after-quoted-block></quoted-block>
</paragraph><paragraph id="idF48CC5D414D64927A13F2CED510B2984"><enum>(2)</enum><text>by adding at the
end the following:</text>
<quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id449EFC7A5A8B484EA54B5238EF5CFFA6" style="OLC">
<paragraph id="idDC5B9ADD26AD4567AA7C7FBA492D3FC4"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Fuel tank cap
labeling requirement</header><text>Beginning with model year 2010, the fuel
tank cap of each alternative fueled vehicle manufactured for sale in the United
States shall be clearly labeled to inform consumers that such vehicle can
operate on alternative
fuel.</text>
</paragraph><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block>
</paragraph></section><enum>III</enum><header>Studies</header>
<section id="IDaaefefe63e4942fcb8ed9c191433e07d"><enum>301.</enum><header> Study of
advanced biofuels technologies</header>
<subsection id="ID5353309c93e54a6393e1fa6a8a4e3a9f"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>Not later than October 1, 2012, the Secretary shall offer
to enter into a contract with the National Academy of Sciences under which the
Academy shall conduct a study of technologies relating to the production,
transportation, and distribution of advanced biofuels.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="ID505fde9009e348a6a70a19f2b828f8f2"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Scope</header><text>In
conducting the study, the Academy shall—</text>
<paragraph id="IDa1881baf9f5446e0baebe55eb379877c"><enum>(1)</enum><text>include an
assessment of the maturity of advanced biofuels technologies;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="IDcce5c47297e743c7a0936648a8e54f36"><enum>(2)</enum><text>consider whether
the rate of development of those technologies will be sufficient to meet the
advanced biofuel standards required under section 101;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="IDf25155abce1146b69ccd00b46314eeb0"><enum>(3)</enum><text>consider the
effectiveness of the research and development programs and activities of the
Department of Energy relating to advanced biofuel technologies; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID155e29ad9a7e4681a72d336dba5fde56"><enum>(4)</enum><text>make policy
recommendations to accelerate the development of those technologies to
commercial viability, as appropriate.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID92e70109cf9e4769933ad3dc3ff09c1f"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Report</header><text>Not
later than November 30, 2014, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on
Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate and the Committee on Energy and
Commerce of the House of Representatives a report describing the results of the
study conducted under this section.</text>
</subsection></section><section id="idA3036BDE4E73499680127470D4C527D0"><enum>302.</enum><header>Study of
increased consumption of ethanol-blended gasoline with higher levels of
ethanol</header>
<subsection id="id2D49FE355A9446B6A07BD4CD71F13469"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>The Secretary (in cooperation with the Secretary of
Agriculture, the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, and the
Secretary of Transportation) shall conduct a study of the feasibility of
increasing consumption in the United States of ethanol-blended gasoline with
levels of ethanol that are not less than 10 percent and not more than 25
percent, including a study of production and infrastructure constraints on
increasing the consumption.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="id675AB0D94BD44558BFEC1A5CED31AA16"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Report</header><text>Not
later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall
submit to Congress a report describing the results of the study conducted under
this section.</text>
</subsection></section><section id="ID6c66bd9be03a40f79d512246efa43f05"><enum>303.</enum><header>Pipeline
feasibility study</header>
<subsection id="IDd44d4d7db9b64855a2584251a2e79bd3"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>The Secretary, in coordination with the Secretary of
Agriculture and the Secretary of Transportation, shall conduct a study of the
feasibility of the construction of dedicated ethanol pipelines.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="ID7ae18dfd2e5c4760a5b806313caf256e"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Factors</header><text>In
conducting the study, the Secretary shall consider—</text>
<paragraph id="ID58d548b46fbd4689b12dbf9379019b6c"><enum>(1)</enum><text>the quantity of
ethanol production that would make dedicated pipelines economically
viable;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID397ff265d1d8469d9716d3843f7f942f"><enum>(2)</enum><text>existing or
potential barriers to dedicated ethanol pipelines, including technical, siting,
financing, and regulatory barriers;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="IDf0043356fca34f52bc35cbeaf46038f0"><enum>(3)</enum><text>market risk
(including throughput risk) and means of mitigating the risk;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID66edc46f3d424273965be1fd06b76dc5"><enum>(4)</enum><text>regulatory,
financing, and siting options that would mitigate risk in those areas and help
ensure the construction of 1 or more dedicated ethanol pipelines;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID5698a7b632da469d9c09c21dd68d3cda"><enum>(5)</enum><text>financial
incentives that may be necessary for the construction of dedicated ethanol
pipelines, including the return on equity that sponsors of the initial
dedicated ethanol pipelines will require to invest in the pipelines;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID2f8c895f3f3b4b179478b0f39da3685e"><enum>(6)</enum><text>technical factors
that may compromise the safe transportation of ethanol in pipelines,
identifying remedial and preventative measures to ensure pipeline integrity;
and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="IDfcc79b8b656048af9a7c58c456b19584"><enum>(7)</enum><text>such other
factors as the Secretary considers appropriate.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID753202b673f64eb4825d4f1c194ef2b5"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Report</header><text>Not
later than 15 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary
shall submit to Congress a report describing the results of the study conducted
under this section.</text>
</subsection></section><section id="idC25B7202262C4CACBDEEA6DE403F1760"><enum>304.</enum><header>Study of
optimization of alternative fueled vehicles to use E–85 fuel</header>
<subsection id="id556F1E3495F64CC0AC0FFF74341F7172"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>The Secretary shall conduct a study of methods of
increasing the fuel efficiency of alternative fueled vehicles by optimizing
alternative fueled vehicles to operate using E–85 fuel.</text>
</subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id84916D02ED63448A8EE2C025B58706CE"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Report</header><text>Not
later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary
shall submit to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate and
the Committee on Natural Resources of the House of Representatives a report
that describes the results of the study, including any recommendations of the
Secretary.</text>
</subsection></section><section id="id0DE9DA46E01B4F198D20AE017FD9525C"><enum>305.</enum><header>Study of
credits for use of renewable electricity in electric vehicles</header>
<subsection id="IDac940b970db44ac6a5df322e5859b299"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Definition of
electric vehicle</header><text>In this section, the term <term>electric
vehicle</term> means an electric motor vehicle (as defined in section 601 of
the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/13271">42 U.S.C. 13271</external-xref>)) for which the rechargeable
storage battery—</text>
<paragraph id="ID84cb7053a0264919a1ebced99601c505"><enum>(1)</enum><text>receives a charge
directly from a source of electric current that is external to the vehicle;
and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="IDda9985876da9445b9dd034450b13d11c"><enum>(2)</enum><text>provides a
minimum of 80 percent of the motive power of the vehicle.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="IDd3cf08ddb49c47399b956e390ea9497b"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Study</header><text>The
Secretary shall conduct a study on the feasibility of issuing credits under the
program established under section 101(d) to electric vehicles powered by
electricity produced from renewable energy sources.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="ID57d68331aed64824a6ce253e5709205b"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Report</header><text>Not
later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary
shall submit to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate and
the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives a report
that describes the results of the study, including a description of—</text>
<paragraph id="ID63a75f0bbcd44370af12fd604f9d4a24"><enum>(1)</enum><text>existing programs
and studies on the use of renewable electricity as a means of powering electric
vehicles; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID05cf3419a1cb449baa890e289da3ce1e"><enum>(2)</enum><text>alternatives
for—</text>
<subparagraph id="IDf7812d6dabf6453387dac473d5cc8dfa"><enum>(A)</enum><text>designing a pilot
program to determine the feasibility of using renewable electricity to power
electric vehicles as an adjunct to a renewable fuels mandate;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="idB1516D4DD767490DBCE2DF777A2AB66D"><enum>(B)</enum><text>allowing the use,
under the pilot program designed under subparagraph (A), of electricity
generated from nuclear energy as an additional source of supply;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="ID39bdcc162c074a8abe8969e9ec515b64"><enum>(C)</enum><text>identifying the
source of electricity used to power electric vehicles; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="IDc7ea41528f994843848822df4cca1f07"><enum>(D)</enum><text>equating specific
quantities of electricity to quantities of renewable fuel under section
101(d).</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph></subsection></section>