1.This Act may be cited as the
Human Cloning Ban and Stem Cell
Research Protection Act of 2007
.
2.It is the purpose of this Act to prohibit
human cloning and to protect important areas of medical research, including
stem cell research.
<enum>I</enum><header>Prohibition on human cloning</header>
<section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID903FDCBB6B764514B73D46EA10069704" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>101.</enum><header>Prohibition on human
cloning</header>
<subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID24BB04CA8BE94605893153BDCC0055F1"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In
general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Title 18, United
States Code, is amended by inserting after chapter 15, the following:</text>
<quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID980BDAC1CA1647279FB908F118B28E94" style="USC">
<chapter commented="no" id="ID9465511A0A1844B8B64E54269B96A917"><enum>16</enum><header>Prohibition on
human cloning</header>
<toc regeneration="no-regeneration">
<toc-entry bold="off" level="section">301. Prohibition on human
cloning.</toc-entry>
</toc>
<section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="IDE11B4494DABA4DF9B4EB00A3BFF9D313" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>301.</enum><header>Prohibition on human
cloning</header>
<subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID33EEE2F2E8754BF999EB5B90D506F17F"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Definitions</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In this section:</text>
<paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID9B650C0C1AA4416B00824C98004DDA5E"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Human
cloning</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The term <term>human
cloning</term> means implanting or attempting to implant the product of nuclear
transplantation into a uterus or the functional equivalent of a uterus.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="IDF58143C870FA4E1EB7F3E8AD2CFE37B0"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Human somatic
cell</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The term <term>human
somatic cell</term> means any human cell other than a haploid germ cell.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="IDE637895730EE4451A6F9691D7B8494A2"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Nuclear
transplantation</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The term
<term>nuclear transplantation</term> means transferring the nucleus of a human
somatic cell into an oocyte from which the nucleus or all chromosomes have been
or will be removed or rendered inert.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID86047D89C9B54451AA4D41B697A790EC"><enum>(4)</enum><header>Nucleus</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The term <term>nucleus</term> means the
cell structure that houses the chromosomes.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID3CC2274ABEDE4AED8F6FD4C6D2E4288B"><enum>(5)</enum><header>Oocyte</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The term <term>oocyte</term> means the
female germ cell, the egg.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID8437DA4E57C9474EB8D075130073F32F"><enum>(6)</enum><header>Unfertilized
blastocyst</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The term
<term>unfertilized blastocyst</term> means an intact cellular structure that is
the product of nuclear transplantation. Such term shall not include stem cells,
other cells, cellular structures, or biological products derived from an intact
cellular structure that is the product of nuclear transplantation.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID8C67D4B1765A4EC0AFAEC1E226B73470"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Prohibitions on
human cloning</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">It shall be
unlawful for any person or other legal entity, public or private—</text>
<paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID9A0EBA9BE8314C729CA0CF1BD3150210"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">to conduct or attempt to conduct human
cloning;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID3E4BFB40EDB94A18994255009D7BEB09"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">to ship the product of nuclear
transplantation in interstate or foreign commerce for the purpose of human
cloning in the United States or elsewhere; or</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="IDD9408F2E7282428C979C9256302CA6AA"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">to export to a foreign country an
unfertilized blastocyst if such country does not prohibit human cloning.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="IDEF2B3DEB49094C299B887FD6CE3680E3"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Protection of
research</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Nothing in this
section shall be construed to restrict practices not expressly prohibited in
this section.</text>
</subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID1D3DE9CCD7824451AD197047CB1F0080"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Penalties</header>
<paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="IDA841737423AB49DB91F83BD0315B9172"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Criminal
penalties</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Whoever
intentionally violates paragraph (1), (2), or (3) of subsection (b) shall be
fined under this title and imprisoned not more than 10 years.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="IDCC155D92CEA543F5BC5FDB3178232FE3"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Civil
penalties</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Whoever
intentionally violates paragraph (1), (2), or (3) of subsection (b) shall be
subject to a civil penalty of $1,000,000 or three times the gross pecuniary
gain resulting from the violation, whichever is greater.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID127A56668A024EEB8C751B9F8F374515"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Forfeiture</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Any property, real or personal, derived
from or used to commit a violation or attempted violation of the provisions of
subsection (b), or any property traceable to such property, shall be subject to
forfeiture to the United States in accordance with the procedures set forth in
chapter 46 of title 18, United States Code.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID3FACCF457427421E890774DAC6126C4D"><enum>(e)</enum><header>Right of
action</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Nothing in this
section shall be construed to give any individual or person a private right of
action.</text>
</subsection></section></chapter><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block>
</subsection></section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="IDEB96F578163C46A59BA721AFF9588F90" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>102.</enum><header>Oversight reports on
actions to enforce certain prohibitions</header>
<subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="IDC3E1048B1A0F483EAD3888D028C65424"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Report on
actions by Attorney General To enforce chapter
<enum-in-header>16</enum-in-header> of title
<enum-in-header>18</enum-in-header></header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 1 year after the date of
enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General shall prepare and submit to the
Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate and the Committee on the Judiciary of
the House of Representatives a report that—</text>
<paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID679D22A71CC3444890D5867026F54D44"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">describes the actions taken by the Attorney
General to enforce the provisions of chapter 16 of title 18, United States Code
(as added by section 101);</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="IDED35733A0AE54758BBBB7DBE27A65E07"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">describes the personnel and resources the
Attorney General has utilized to enforce the provisions of such chapter;
and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="IDD415CD47110D440C9043A267896B4ED4"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">contain a list of any violations, if any,
of the provisions of such chapter 16.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="IDF5F64AA47DEF46AD86AF46E6D82DACD5"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Report on
actions of State attorneys general To enforce similar State laws</header>
<paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID82C15F94E20C457E8716DE537D123502"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Definition</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In this subsection and subsection (c), the
term <term>similar State law relating to human cloning</term> means a State or
local law that provides for the imposition of criminal penalties on individuals
who are determined to be conducting or attempting to conduct human cloning (as
defined in section 301 of title 18, United States Code (as added by section
101)).</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="IDA86A745AD94B4290801669374C78AC40"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Report</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 1 year after the date of
enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General shall prepare and submit to the
Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate and the Committee on the Judiciary of
the House of Representatives a report that—</text>
<subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="IDFE965D78642041A3B5F390D9E869B52C"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">describes any similar State law relating to
human cloning;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID326172A861484AD897FA93D0CD3F5CB4"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">describes the actions taken by the State
attorneys general to enforce the provisions of any similar State law relating
to human cloning;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="IDB7E7B4767A614918A975ABDFC3918828"><enum>(C)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">contains a list of violations, if any, of
the provisions of any similar State law relating to human cloning; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID84F4209F0B5F4EFAADAA3B9B879DA368"><enum>(D)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">contains a list of any individual who, or
organization that, has violated, or has been charged with violating, any
similar State law relating to human cloning.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID6FAE1E1F054E4147AD84CFDCC117AE60"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Report on
coordination of enforcement actions among the Federal and State and local
governments with respect to human cloning</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 1 year after the date of
enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General shall prepare and submit to the
Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate and the Committee on the Judiciary of
the House of Representatives a report that—</text>
<paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID07536A7431E447088FF1F1557223EB00"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">describes how the Attorney General
coordinates the enforcement of violations of chapter 16 of title 18, United
States Code (as added by section 101), with enforcement actions taken by State
or local government law enforcement officials with respect to similar State
laws relating to human cloning; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="IDDA1A916CCBC747BA828928C200A5E0F6"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">describes the status and disposition
of—</text>
<subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID27BA30E2A5D640E3AF35A47E108E1400"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Federal appellate litigation with respect
to such chapter 16 and State appellate litigation with respect to similar State
laws relating to human cloning; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID6D0243F96C7A4F0493CFFD2DAB02BEA0"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">civil litigation, including actions to
appoint guardians, related to human cloning.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID36FA56D34B7F4143903BE42B6460AA7D"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Report on
international laws relating to human cloning</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 1 year after the date of
enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General shall prepare and submit to the
Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate and the Committee on the Judiciary of
the House of Representatives a report that—</text>
<paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="IDBE3B867C99A74FCEA6FE1BFF8206477C"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">describes the laws adopted by foreign
countries related to human cloning;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID1CA4989BE30248379E65D6A21300F7E9"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">describes the actions taken by the chief
law enforcement officer in each foreign country that has enacted a law
described in paragraph (1) to enforce such law; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="IDBE0D64667BF84EADB23EC41341496F37"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">describes the multilateral efforts of the
United Nations and elsewhere to ban human cloning.</text>
</paragraph></subsection></section><enum>II</enum><header>Ethical requirements for nuclear
transplantation research</header>
<section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID5367608CAC7045FE96C3D812F2B901EF" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>201.</enum><header>Ethical requirements
for nuclear transplantation research</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Title IV of the
<act-name parsable-cite="PHSA">Public Health Service Act</act-name>
(<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/42/281">42 U.S.C.
281</external-xref> et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the
following:</text>
<quoted-block act-name="Public Health Service Act" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID1A9A3C760A06455AAAE1804955808C34" style="OLC">
<part commented="no" id="ID104FEC5B7114416EB73B04B34CA1C47F"><enum>J</enum><header>Ethical
requirements for nuclear transplantation research</header>
<section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID4C316BC5C8A84D2081203E838857C6B8" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>499A.</enum><header>Ethical
requirements for nuclear transplantation research, including informed consent,
institutional review board review, and protection for safety and
privacy</header>
<subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="IDCDC2793A2766434DA33D4B3CB3E1A2A8"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Definitions</header>
<paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="IDBDBCD62F8CB9434F9FA73C553E209026"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In
general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The definitions
contained in section 301(a) of title 18, United States Code, shall apply for
purposes of this section.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="IDD5E194F3735D4A888474D0002D4FDDA1"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Other
definitions</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In this
section:</text>
<subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="IDA49575503B8C45C2816490B931BFD6B2"><enum>(A)</enum><header>Donating</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The term <term>donating</term> means giving
without receiving valuable consideration.</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID501F5F25A4CE453380E21BABAE21AE36"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Fertilization</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The term <term>fertilization</term> means
the fusion of an oocyte containing a haploid nucleus with a male gamete (sperm
cell).</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="IDD1532EA191274200B391E47BB503C1EC"><enum>(C)</enum><header>Valuable
consideration</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The term
<term>valuable consideration</term> does not include reasonable
payments—</text>
<clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID68EBC556597E4BE49731562F13B28FDA"><enum>(i)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">associated with the transportation,
processing, preservation, or storage of a human oocyte or of the product of
nuclear transplantation research; or</text>
</clause><clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="IDE39B8F583C984AA889A3FAA2E796C4F8"><enum>(ii)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">to compensate a donor of one or more human
oocytes for the time or inconvenience associated with such donation.</text>
</clause></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID45D2E9D70F424FEB8016219FF05B0092"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Applicability
of Federal ethical standards to nuclear transplantation research</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Research involving nuclear transplantation
shall be conducted in accordance with subpart A of part 46 of title 45, or
parts 50 and 56 of title 21, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on the
date of enactment of the Human Cloning Ban and Stem Cell Research Protection
Act of 2007), as applicable.</text>
</subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="IDDF2FCBB927E845CCA6201C01BF216F55"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Prohibition on
conducting nuclear transplantation on fertilized eggs</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">A somatic cell nucleus shall not be
transplanted into a human oocyte that has undergone or will undergo
fertilization.</text>
</subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID816DF28DF7F0494495213C313FAB60E4"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Fourteen-Day
rule</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">An unfertilized
blastocyst shall not be maintained after more than 14 days from its first cell
division, not counting any time during which it is stored at temperatures less
than zero degrees centigrade.</text>
</subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID11AD31C9FB0644EBBCBECEB989275900"><enum>(e)</enum><header>Voluntary
donation of oocytes</header>
<paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID05DCE64CC2C1481D85CED289BA67929C"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Informed
consent</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In accordance with
subsection (b), an oocyte may not be used in nuclear transplantation research
unless such oocyte shall have been donated voluntarily by and with the informed
consent of the woman donating the oocyte.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="IDDAD58876C89B4E889F207BB301BAF46D"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Prohibition on
purchase or sale</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">No human
oocyte or unfertilized blastocyst may be acquired, received, or otherwise
transferred for valuable consideration if the transfer affects interstate
commerce.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID1CB537FAE1BF4845A406B052A89D4C34"><enum>(f)</enum><header>Separation of
in vitro fertilization laboratories from locations at which nuclear
transplantation is conducted</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Nuclear transplantation may not be
conducted in a laboratory in which human oocytes are subject to assisted
reproductive technology treatments or procedures.</text>
</subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID6FF8F712A9784C6D92536DAFD5EBD006"><enum>(g)</enum><header>Civil
penalties</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Whoever
intentionally violates any provision of subsections (b) through (f) shall be
subject to a civil penalty in an amount that is appropriate for the violation
involved, but not more than
$250,000.</text>
</subsection></section></part><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block>
</section>