[Congressional Bills 110th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 456 Introduced in Senate (IS)]







110th CONGRESS
  1st Session
                                 S. 456

    To increase and enhance law enforcement resources committed to 
  investigation and prosecution of violent gangs, to deter and punish 
  violent gang crime, to protect law-abiding citizens and communities 
 from violent criminals, to revise and enhance criminal penalties for 
violent crimes, to expand and improve gang prevention programs, and for 
                            other purposes.


_______________________________________________________________________


                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                            January 31, 2007

 Mrs. Feinstein (for herself, Mr. Hatch, Mr. Schumer, Mr. Specter, Mr. 
 Biden, Mr. Kyl, Mr. Stevens, Ms. Cantwell, Mr. Coleman, Ms. Mikulski, 
   Mr. Baucus, Mr. Pryor, Mr. Salazar, Mrs. Murray, Mr. Brown, Mrs. 
Clinton, Mrs. Dole, Mr. Cornyn, Mr. Kohl, and Mr. Casey) introduced the 
 following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on 
                             the Judiciary

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
    To increase and enhance law enforcement resources committed to 
  investigation and prosecution of violent gangs, to deter and punish 
  violent gang crime, to protect law-abiding citizens and communities 
 from violent criminals, to revise and enhance criminal penalties for 
violent crimes, to expand and improve gang prevention programs, and for 
                            other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Gang Abatement and Prevention Act of 
2007''.

SEC. 2. TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    The table of contents of this Act is as follows:

Sec. 1. Short title.
Sec. 2. Table of contents.
Sec. 3. Findings.
   TITLE I--NEW FEDERAL CRIMINAL LAWS NEEDED TO FIGHT NATIONAL GANGS

Sec. 101. Revision and extension of penalties related to criminal 
                            street gang activity.
        TITLE II--VIOLENT CRIME REFORMS TO REDUCE GANG VIOLENCE

Sec. 201. Violent crimes in aid of racketeering activity.
Sec. 202. Murder and other violent crimes committed during and in 
                            relation to a drug trafficking crime.
Sec. 203. Expansion of rebuttable presumption against release of 
                            persons charged with firearms offenses.
Sec. 204. Statute of limitations for violent crime.
Sec. 205. Study of hearsay exception for forfeiture by wrongdoing.
Sec. 206. Possession of firearms by dangerous felons.
Sec. 207. Conforming amendment.
Sec. 208. Amendments relating to violent crime.
Sec. 209. Crimes of violence and drug crimes committed by illegal 
                            aliens.
Sec. 210. Publicity campaign about new criminal penalties.
Sec. 211. Statute of limitations for terrorism offenses.
Sec. 212. Crimes committed in Indian country or exclusive Federal 
                            jurisdiction as racketeering predicates.
Sec. 213. Predicate crimes for authorization of interception of wire, 
                            oral, and electronic communications.
Sec. 214. Clarification of Hobbs Act.
  TITLE III--INCREASED FEDERAL RESOURCES TO DETER AND PREVENT AT-RISK 
     YOUTH FROM JOINING ILLEGAL STREET GANGS AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES

Sec. 301. Designation of and assistance for high intensity interstate 
                            gang activity areas.
Sec. 302. Enhancement of Project Safe Neighborhoods initiative to 
                            improve enforcement of criminal laws 
                            against violent gangs.
Sec. 303. Additional resources needed by the Federal Bureau of 
                            Investigation to investigate and prosecute 
                            violent criminal street gangs.
Sec. 304. Grants to prosecutors and law enforcement to combat violent 
                            crime.
Sec. 305. Short-Term State Witness Protection Section.
Sec. 306. Witness protection services.
Sec. 307. Expansion of Federal witness relocation and protection 
                            program.
Sec. 308. Family abduction prevention grant program.

SEC. 3. FINDINGS.

    Congress finds that--
            (1) violent crime and drug trafficking are pervasive 
        problems at the national, State, and local level;
            (2) according to recent Federal Bureau of Investigation, 
        Uniform Crime Reports, violent crime in the United States is on 
        the rise, with a 2.5 percent increase in violent crime in 2005 
        (the largest increase in the United States in 15 years) and an 
        even larger 3.7 percent jump during the first 6 months of 2006;
            (3) these disturbing rises in violent crime are 
        attributable in part to the spread of criminal street gangs and 
        the willingness of gang members to commit acts of violence and 
        drug trafficking offenses;
            (4) according to a recent National Drug Threat Assessment, 
        criminal street gangs are responsible for much of the retail 
        distribution of the cocaine, methamphetamine, heroin, and other 
        illegal drugs being distributed in rural and urban communities 
        throughout the United States;
            (5) gangs commit acts of violence or drug offenses for 
        numerous motives, such as membership in or loyalty to the gang, 
        for protecting gang territory, and for profit;
            (6) gang presence and intimidation, and the organized and 
        repetitive nature of the crimes that gangs commit, has a 
        pernicious effect on the free flow of interstate commercial 
        activities and directly affects the freedom and security of 
        communities plagued by gang activity, diminishing the value of 
        property, inhibiting the desire of national and multinational 
        corporations to transact business in those communities, and in 
        a variety of ways significantly affecting interstate and 
        foreign commerce;
            (7) gangs often recruit and utilize minors to engage in 
        acts of violence and other serious offenses out of a belief 
        that the criminal justice systems are more lenient on juvenile 
        offenders;
            (8) gangs often intimidate and threaten witnesses to 
        prevent successful prosecutions;
            (9) gang recruitment can be deterred through increased 
        vigilance, strong criminal penalties, partnerships between 
        Federal and State and local law enforcement, and proactive 
        intervention efforts, particularly targeted at juveniles, prior 
        to gang involvement;
            (10) State and local prosecutors and law enforcement 
        officers, in hearings before the Committee on the Judiciary of 
        the Senate and elsewhere, have enlisted the help of Congress in 
        the prevention, investigation, and prosecution of gang crimes 
        and in the protection of witnesses and victims of gang crimes; 
        and
            (11) because State and local prosecutors and law 
        enforcement have the expertise, experience, and connection to 
        the community that is needed to assist in combating gang 
        violence, consultation and coordination between Federal, State, 
        and local law enforcement is critical to the successful 
        prosecutions of criminal street gangs.

   TITLE I--NEW FEDERAL CRIMINAL LAWS NEEDED TO FIGHT NATIONAL GANGS

SEC. 101. REVISION AND EXTENSION OF PENALTIES RELATED TO CRIMINAL 
              STREET GANG ACTIVITY.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 26 of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended to read as follows:

                  ``CHAPTER 26--CRIMINAL STREET GANGS

``Sec.
``521. Definitions.
``522. Criminal street gang prosecutions.
``523. Recruitment of persons to participate in a criminal street gang.
``524. Violent crimes in furtherance of criminal street gangs.
``525. Forfeiture.
``Sec. 521. Definitions
    ``In this chapter:
            ``(1) Criminal street gang.--The term `criminal street 
        gang' means a formal or informal group or association of 5 or 
        more individuals, who commit 3 or more gang crimes (not less 
        than 1 of which is a serious violent felony), in 3 or more 
        separate criminal episodes (not less than 1 of which occurs 
        after the date of enactment of the Gang Abatement and 
        Prevention Act of 2007, and the last of which occurs not later 
        than 5 years after the commission of a prior gang crime 
        (excluding any time of imprisonment for that individual)).
            ``(2) Gang crime.--The term `gang crime' means a felony 
        offense under Federal or State law punishable by imprisonment 
        for more than 1 year, in any of the following categories:
                    ``(A) A crime that has as an element the use, 
                attempted use, or threatened use of physical force 
                against the person of another, or is burglary, arson, 
                or extortion.
                    ``(B) A crime involving obstruction of justice, or 
                tampering with or retaliating against a witness, 
                victim, or informant.
                    ``(C) A crime involving the manufacturing, 
                importing, distributing, possessing with intent to 
                distribute, or otherwise trafficking in a controlled 
                substance or listed chemical (as those terms are 
                defined in section 102 of the Controlled Substances Act 
                (21 U.S.C. 802)).
                    ``(D) Any conduct punishable under--
                            ``(i) section 844 (relating to explosive 
                        materials);
                            ``(ii) subsection (a)(1), (d), (g)(1) 
                        (where the underlying conviction is a violent 
                        felony or a serious drug offense (as those 
                        terms are defined in section 924(e)), (g)(2), 
                        (g)(3), (g)(4), (g)(5), (g)(8), (g)(9), (i), 
                        (j), (k), (n), (o), (p), (q), (u), or (x) of 
                        section 922 (relating to unlawful acts);
                            ``(iii) subsection (b), (c), (g), (h), (k), 
                        (l), (m), or (n) of section 924 (relating to 
                        penalties);
                            ``(iv) section 930 (relating to possession 
                        of firearms and dangerous weapons in Federal 
                        facilities);
                            ``(v) section 931 (relating to purchase, 
                        ownership, or possession of body armor by 
                        violent felons);
                            ``(vi) sections 1028 and 1029 (relating to 
                        fraud and related activity in connection with 
                        identification documents or access devices);
                            ``(vii) section 1084 (relating to 
                        transmission of wagering information);
                            ``(viii) section 1952 (relating to 
                        interstate and foreign travel or transportation 
                        in aid of racketeering enterprises);
                            ``(ix) section 1956 (relating to the 
                        laundering of monetary instruments);
                            ``(x) section 1957 (relating to engaging in 
                        monetary transactions in property derived from 
                        specified unlawful activity); or
                            ``(xi) sections 2312 through 2315 (relating 
                        to interstate transportation of stolen motor 
                        vehicles or stolen property).
                    ``(E) Any conduct punishable under section 274 
                (relating to bringing in and harboring certain aliens), 
                section 277 (relating to aiding or assisting certain 
                aliens to enter the United States), or section 278 
                (relating to importation of aliens for immoral 
                purposes) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 
                U.S.C. 1324, 1327, and 1328).
                    ``(F) Any crime involving aggravated sexual abuse, 
                pimping or promoting prostitution, obscenity (including 
                sections 1461 through 1465), sexual exploitation of 
                children (including sections 2251, 2251A, 2252 and 
                2260), peonage, slavery or trafficking in persons 
                (including sections 1581 through 1592) and sections 
                2421 through 2427 (relating to transport for illegal 
                sexual activity).
            ``(3) Minor.--The term `minor' means an individual who is 
        less than 18 years of age.
            ``(4) Serious violent felony.--The term `serious violent 
        felony' has the meaning given that term in section 3559.
            ``(5) State.--The term `State' means each of the several 
        States of the United States, the District of Columbia, and any 
        commonwealth, territory, or possession of the United States.
``Sec. 522. Criminal street gang prosecutions
    ``(a) Street Gang Crime.--It shall be unlawful for any person to 
knowingly commit, or conspire, threaten, or attempt to commit, a gang 
crime for the purpose of furthering the activities of a criminal street 
gang, or gaining entrance to or maintaining or increasing position in a 
criminal street gang, if the activities of that criminal street gang 
occur in or affect interstate or foreign commerce.
    ``(b) Penalty.--Any person who violates subsection (a) shall be 
fined under this title and--
            ``(1) for murder, kidnapping, conduct that would violate 
        section 2241 if the conduct occurred in the special maritime 
        and territorial jurisdiction of the United States, or maiming, 
        imprisonment for any term of years or for life;
            ``(2) for any other serious violent felony, by imprisonment 
        for not more than 30 years;
            ``(3) for any crime of violence that is not a serious 
        violent felony, by imprisonment for not more than 20 years; and
            ``(4) for any other offense, by imprisonment for not more 
        than 10 years.
``Sec. 523. Recruitment of persons to participate in a criminal street 
              gang
    ``(a) Prohibited Acts.--It shall be unlawful to knowingly recruit, 
employ, solicit, induce, command, or cause another person to be or 
remain as a member of a criminal street gang, or attempt or conspire to 
do so, with the intent to cause that person to participate in an 
offense described in section 522, if the defendant travels in 
interstate or foreign commerce in the course of the offense, or if the 
activities of that criminal street gang are in or affect interstate or 
foreign commerce.
    ``(b) Penalties.--Whoever violates subsection (a) shall--
            ``(1) if the person recruited, employed, solicited, 
        induced, commanded, or caused to participate or remain in a 
        criminal street gang is a minor--
                    ``(A) be fined under this title, imprisoned not 
                more than 20 years, or both; and
                    ``(B) at the discretion of the sentencing judge, be 
                liable for any costs incurred by the Federal 
                Government, or by any State or local government, for 
                housing, maintaining, and treating the minor until the 
                person attains the age of 18 years;
            ``(2) if the person who recruits, employs, solicits, 
        induces, commands, or causes the participation or remaining in 
        a criminal street gang is incarcerated at the time the offense 
        takes place, be fined under this title, imprisoned not more 
        than 20 years, or both; and
            ``(3) in any other case, be fined under this title, 
        imprisoned not more than 10 years, or both.
    ``(c) Consecutive Nature of Penalties.--Any term of imprisonment 
imposed under subsection (b)(2) shall be consecutive to any term 
imposed for any other offense.
``Sec. 524. Violent crimes in furtherance of criminal street gangs
    ``(a) In General.--It shall be unlawful for any person, for the 
purpose of gaining entrance to or maintaining or increasing position 
in, or in furtherance of, or in association with, a criminal street 
gang, or as consideration for anything of pecuniary value to or from a 
criminal street gang, to knowingly commit a crime of violence or 
threaten to commit a crime of violence against any individual, or 
attempt or conspire to do so, if the activities of the criminal state 
gang occur in or affect interstate or foreign commerce.
    ``(b) Penalty.--Any person who violates subsection (a) shall be 
punished by a fine under this title and--
            ``(1) for murder, kidnapping, conduct that would violate 
        section 2241 if the conduct occurred in the special maritime 
        and territorial jurisdiction of the United States, or maiming, 
        by imprisonment for any term of years or for life;
            ``(2) for a serious violent felony other than one described 
        in paragraph (1), by imprisonment for not more than 30 years; 
        and
            ``(3) in any other case, by imprisonment for not more than 
        20 years.
``Sec. 525. Forfeiture
    ``(a) Criminal Forfeiture.--A person who is convicted of a 
violation of this chapter shall forfeit to the United States--
            ``(1) any property used, or intended to be used, in any 
        manner or part, to commit, or to facilitate the commission of, 
        the violation; and
            ``(2) any property constituting, or derived from, any 
        proceeds obtained, directly or indirectly, as a result of the 
        violation.
    ``(b) Procedures Applicable.--Pursuant to section 2461(c) of title 
28, the provisions of section 413 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 
U.S.C. 853), except subsections (a) and (d) of that section, shall 
apply to the criminal forfeiture of property under this section.''.
    (b) Amendment Relating to Priority of Forfeiture Over Orders for 
Restitution.--Section 3663(c)(4) of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended by striking ``chapter 46 or'' and inserting ``chapter 26, 
chapter 46, or'' .
    (c) Money Laundering.--Section 1956(c)(7)(D) of title 18, United 
States Code, is amended by inserting ``, section 522 (relating to 
criminal street gang prosecutions), 523 (relating to recruitment of 
persons to participate in a criminal street gang), and 524 (relating to 
violent crimes in furtherance of criminal street gangs)'' before ``, 
section 541''.

        TITLE II--VIOLENT CRIME REFORMS TO REDUCE GANG VIOLENCE

SEC. 201. VIOLENT CRIMES IN AID OF RACKETEERING ACTIVITY.

    Section 1959(a) of title 18, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1)--
                    (A) by inserting ``or in furtherance or in aid of 
                an enterprise engaged in racketeering activity,'' 
                before ``murders,''; and
                    (B) by inserting ``engages in conduct that would 
                violate section 2241 if the conduct occurred in the 
                special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the 
                United States,'' before ``maims,'';
            (2) in paragraph (1), by inserting ``conduct that would 
        violate section 2241 if the conduct occurred in the special 
        maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United States, or 
        maiming,'' after ``kidnapping,'';
            (3) in paragraph (2), by striking ``maiming'' and inserting 
        ``assault resulting in serious bodily injury'';
            (4) in paragraph (3), by striking ``or assault resulting in 
        serious bodily injury'';
            (5) in paragraph (4)--
                    (A) by striking ``five years'' and inserting ``10 
                years''; and
                    (B) by adding ``and'' at the end; and
            (6) by striking paragraphs (5) and (6) and inserting the 
        following:
            ``(5) for attempting or conspiring to commit any offense 
        under this section, by the same penalties (other than the death 
        penalty) as those prescribed for the offense, the commission of 
        which was the object of the attempt or conspiracy.''.

SEC. 202. MURDER AND OTHER VIOLENT CRIMES COMMITTED DURING AND IN 
              RELATION TO A DRUG TRAFFICKING CRIME.

    (a) In General.--Part D of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 
841 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 424. MURDER AND OTHER VIOLENT CRIMES COMMITTED DURING AND IN 
              RELATION TO A DRUG TRAFFICKING CRIME.

    ``(a) In General.--Whoever, during and in relation to any drug 
trafficking crime, knowingly commits any felony crime of violence 
against any individual, for which imprisonment for a period longer than 
1 year may be imposed, or threatens, attempts or conspires to do so, 
shall be punished by a fine under title 18, United States Code, and, in 
addition and consecutive to the punishment provided for the drug 
trafficking crime--
            ``(1) for murder, kidnapping, conduct that would violate 
        section 2241 if the conduct occurred in the special maritime 
        and territorial jurisdiction of the United States, or maiming, 
        by imprisonment for any term of years or for life;
            ``(2) for a serious violent felony (as defined in section 
        3559 of title 18, United States Code) other than one described 
        in paragraph (1) by imprisonment for not more than 30 years;
            ``(3) for a crime of violence that is not a serious violent 
        felony, by imprisonment for not more than 20 years; and
            ``(4) in any other case by imprisonment for not more than 
        10 years.
    ``(b) Venue.--A prosecution for a violation of this section may be 
brought in--
            ``(1) the judicial district in which the murder or other 
        crime of violence occurred; or
            ``(2) any judicial district in which the drug trafficking 
        crime may be prosecuted.
    ``(c) Definitions.--In this section--
            ``(1) the term `crime of violence' has the meaning given 
        that term in section 16 of title 18, United States Code; and
            ``(2) the term `drug trafficking crime' has the meaning 
        given that term in section 924(c)(2) of title 18, United States 
        Code.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of contents for the Controlled 
Substances Act is amended by inserting after the item relating to 
section 423, the following:

``Sec. 424. Murder and other violent crimes committed during and in 
                            relation to a drug trafficking crime.''.

SEC. 203. EXPANSION OF REBUTTABLE PRESUMPTION AGAINST RELEASE OF 
              PERSONS CHARGED WITH FIREARMS OFFENSES.

    Section 3142(e) of title 18, United States Code, is amended in the 
matter following paragraph (3), by inserting after ``that the person 
committed'' the following: ``an offense under subsection (g)(1) (where 
the underlying conviction is a drug trafficking crime or crime of 
violence (as those terms are defined in section 924(c))), (g)(2), 
(g)(3), (g)(4), (g)(5), (g)(8), or (g)(9) of section 922,''.

SEC. 204. STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS FOR VIOLENT CRIME.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 213 of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 3299A. Violent crime offenses
    ``No person shall be prosecuted, tried, or punished for any 
noncapital felony crime of violence, including any racketeering 
activity or gang crime which involves any crime of violence, unless the 
indictment is found or the information is instituted not later than 10 
years after the date on which the alleged violation occurred or the 
continuing offense was completed.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections at the beginning of 
chapter 213 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at 
the end the following:

``3299A. Violent crime offenses.''.

SEC. 205. STUDY OF HEARSAY EXCEPTION FOR FORFEITURE BY WRONGDOING.

    The Committee on Rules, Practice, Procedure, and Evidence of the 
Judicial Conference of the United States shall study the necessity and 
desirability of amending section 804(b) of the Federal Rules of 
Evidence to permit the introduction of statements against a party by a 
witness who has been made unavailable where it is reasonably 
foreseeable by that party that wrongdoing would make the declarant 
unavailable.

SEC. 206. POSSESSION OF FIREARMS BY DANGEROUS FELONS.

    (a) In General.--Section 924(e) of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the following:
    ``(1) In the case of a person who violates section 922(g) of this 
title and has previously been convicted by any court referred to in 
section 922(g)(1) of a violent felony or a serious drug offense shall--
            ``(A) in the case of 1 such prior conviction, where a 
        period of not more than 10 years has elapsed since the later of 
        the date of conviction and the date of release of the person 
        from imprisonment for that conviction, be imprisoned for not 
        more than 15 years, fined under this title, or both;
            ``(B) in the case of 2 such prior convictions, committed on 
        occasions different from one another, and where a period of not 
        more than 10 years has elapsed since the later of the date of 
        conviction and the date of release of the person from 
        imprisonment for the most recent such conviction, be imprisoned 
        for not more than 20 years, fined under this title, or both; 
        and
            ``(C) in the case of 3 such prior convictions, committed on 
        occasions different from one another, and where a period of not 
        more than 10 years has elapsed since the later of date of 
        conviction and the date of release of the person from 
        imprisonment for the most recent such conviction, be imprisoned 
        for any term of years not less than 15 years or for life and 
        fined under this title, and notwithstanding any other provision 
        of law, the court shall not suspend the sentence of, or grant a 
        probationary sentence to, such person with respect to the 
        conviction under section 922(g).''.
    (b) Amendment to Sentencing Guidelines.--Pursuant to its authority 
under section 994(p) of title 28, United States Code, the United States 
Sentencing Commission shall amend the Federal Sentencing Guidelines to 
provide for an appropriate increase in the offense level for violations 
of section 922(g) of title 18, United States Code, in accordance with 
section 924(e) of that title 18, as amended by subsection (a).

SEC. 207. CONFORMING AMENDMENT.

    The matter preceding paragraph (1) in section 922(d) of title 18, 
United States Code, is amended by inserting ``, transfer,'' after 
``sell''.

SEC. 208. AMENDMENTS RELATING TO VIOLENT CRIME.

    (a) Carjacking.--Section 2119 of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended--
            (1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1)--
                    (A) by striking ``, with the intent to cause death 
                or serious bodily harm'';
                    (B) by inserting ``in the physical presence of, and 
                causing a reasonable apprehension of fear in, another 
                individual'' after ``by force and violence''; and
                    (C) by inserting ``or conspires'' after 
                ``attempts'';
            (2) in paragraph (1), by striking ``15 years'' and 
        inserting ``20 years''; and
            (3) in paragraph (2), by striking ``or imprisoned not more 
        than 25 years, or both'' and inserting ``and imprisoned for any 
        term of years or for life''.
    (b) Clarification and Strengthening of Prohibition on Illegal Gun 
Transfers to Commit Drug Trafficking Crime or Crime of Violence.--
Section 924(h) of title 18, United States Code, is amended to read as 
follows:
    ``(h) Whoever knowingly transfers a firearm that has moved in or 
that otherwise affects interstate or foreign commerce, knowing that the 
firearm will be used to commit, or possessed in furtherance of, a crime 
of violence (as defined in subsection (c)(3)) or drug trafficking crime 
(as defined in subsection (c)(2)) shall be fined under this title and 
imprisoned not more than 20 years.''.
    (c) Amendment of Special Sentencing Provision Relating to 
Limitations on Criminal Association.--Section 3582(d) of title 18, 
United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by inserting ``chapter 26 of this title (criminal 
        street gang prosecutions) or in'' after ``felony set forth 
        in''; and
            (2) by inserting ``a criminal street gang or'' before ``an 
        illegal enterprise''.
    (d) Conspiracy Penalty.--Section 371 of title 18, United States 
Code, is amended by striking ``five years, or both.'' and inserting 
``20 years (unless the maximum penalty for the crime that served as the 
object of the conspiracy has a maximum penalty of imprisonment of less 
than 20 years, in which case the maximum penalty under this section 
shall be the penalty for such crime), or both. This paragraph does not 
supersede any other penalty specifically set forth for a conspiracy 
offense.''.

SEC. 209. CRIMES OF VIOLENCE AND DRUG CRIMES COMMITTED BY ILLEGAL 
              ALIENS.

    (a) Offenses.--Title 18 of the United States Code, is amended by 
inserting after chapter 51 the following new chapter:

                      ``CHAPTER 52--ILLEGAL ALIENS

``Sec.
``1131. Enhanced penalties for certain crimes committed by illegal 
                            aliens.
``Sec. 1131. Enhanced penalties for certain crimes committed by illegal 
              aliens
    ``(a) In General.--Whoever, being an alien who is present in the 
United States in violation of section 275 or 276 of the Immigration and 
Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1325 and 1326), knowingly commits, conspires, 
or attempts to commit a felony crime of violence for which imprisonment 
for a period of more than 1 year may be imposed, or a drug trafficking 
crime (as defined in section 924(c)), shall be fined under this title, 
imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both.
    ``(b) Previously Ordered Removed.--If the defendant in a 
prosecution under subsection (a) was previously ordered removed under 
the Immigration and Nationality Act on the grounds of having committed 
a crime, the defendant shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not 
more than 30 years, or both.
    ``(c) Running of Sentence.--A term of imprisonment imposed for an 
offense pursuant to this section may not run concurrently with any 
other sentence of imprisonment imposed for another offense.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of chapters at the beginning of 
part I of title 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting after 
the item relating to chapter 51 the following new item:

``52. Illegal aliens........................................    1131''.

SEC. 210. PUBLICITY CAMPAIGN ABOUT NEW CRIMINAL PENALTIES.

    The Attorney General is authorized to conduct media campaigns in 
any area designated as a high intensity interstate gang activity area 
under section 301 and any area with existing and emerging problems with 
gangs, as needed, to educate individuals in that area about the changes 
in criminal penalties made by this Act, and shall report to the 
Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate and the Committee on the 
Judiciary of the House of Representatives the amount of expenditures 
and all other aspects of the media campaign.

SEC. 211. STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS FOR TERRORISM OFFENSES.

    Section 3286(a) of title 18, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in the subsection heading, by striking ``Eight-Year'' 
        and inserting ``Ten-Year''; and
            (2) in the first sentence, by striking ``8 years'' and 
        inserting ``10 years''.

SEC. 212. CRIMES COMMITTED IN INDIAN COUNTRY OR EXCLUSIVE FEDERAL 
              JURISDICTION AS RACKETEERING PREDICATES.

    Section 1961(1)(A) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by 
inserting ``, or would have been so chargeable if the act or threat 
(other than gambling) had not been committed in Indian country (as 
defined in section 1151) or in any other area of exclusive Federal 
jurisdiction,'' after ``chargeable under State law''.

SEC. 213. PREDICATE CRIMES FOR AUTHORIZATION OF INTERCEPTION OF WIRE, 
              ORAL, AND ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS.

    Section 2516(1) of title 18, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by striking ``or'' and the end of paragraph (r);
            (2) by redesignating paragraph (s) as paragraph (u); and
            (3) by inserting after paragraph (r) the following:
            ``(s) any violation of section 424 of the Controlled 
        Substances Act (relating to murder and other violent crimes in 
        furtherance of a drug trafficking crime);
            ``(t) any violation of section 522, 523, or 524 (relating 
        to criminal street gangs); or''.

SEC. 214. CLARIFICATION OF HOBBS ACT.

    Section 1951(b) of title 18, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by inserting ``including the unlawful 
        impersonation of a law enforcement officer (as that term is 
        defined in section 245(c) of this title),'' after ``by means of 
        actual or threatened force,''; and
            (2) in paragraph (2), by inserting ``including the unlawful 
        impersonation of a law enforcement officer (as that term is 
        defined in section 245(c) of this title),'' after ``by wrongful 
        use of actual or threatened force,''.

  TITLE III--INCREASED FEDERAL RESOURCES TO DETER AND PREVENT AT-RISK 
     YOUTH FROM JOINING ILLEGAL STREET GANGS AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES

SEC. 301. DESIGNATION OF AND ASSISTANCE FOR HIGH INTENSITY INTERSTATE 
              GANG ACTIVITY AREAS.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Governor.--The term ``Governor'' means a Governor of a 
        State, the Mayor of the District of Columbia, the tribal leader 
        of an Indian tribe, or the chief executive of a Commonwealth, 
        territory, or possession of the United States.
            (2) High intensity interstate gang activity area.--The term 
        ``high intensity interstate gang activity area'' or ``HIIGAA'' 
        means an area within a State or Indian country that is 
        designated as a high intensity interstate gang activity area 
        under subsection (b)(1).
            (3) Indian country.--The term ``Indian country'' has the 
        meaning given the term in section 1151 of title 18, United 
        States Code.
            (4) Indian tribe.--The term ``Indian tribe'' has the 
        meaning given the term in section 4(e) of the Indian Self-
        Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 450b(e)).
            (5) State.--The term ``State'' means a State of the United 
        States, the District of Columbia, and any commonwealth, 
        territory, or possession of the United States.
            (6) Tribal leader.--The term ``tribal leader'' means the 
        chief executive officer representing the governing body of an 
        Indian tribe.
    (b) High Intensity Interstate Gang Activity Areas.--
            (1) Designation.--The Attorney General, after consultation 
        with the Governors of appropriate States, may designate as high 
        intensity interstate gang activity areas, specific areas that 
        are located within 1 or more States.
            (2) Assistance.--In order to provide Federal assistance to 
        high intensity interstate gang activity areas, the Attorney 
        General shall--
                    (A) establish local collaborative working groups, 
                which shall include--
                            (i) criminal street gang enforcement teams, 
                        consisting of Federal, State, tribal, and local 
                        law enforcement authorities, for the 
                        coordinated investigation, disruption, 
                        apprehension, and prosecution of criminal 
                        street gangs and offenders in each high 
                        intensity interstate gang activity area;
                            (ii) school, community, and faith leaders 
                        in the area; and
                            (iii) service providers in the community, 
                        including those experienced at reaching youth 
                        who have been involved in violence and violent 
                        gangs or groups, to provide at-risk youth with 
                        positive alternatives to gangs and other 
                        violent groups and to address the needs of 
                        those who leave gangs and other violent groups;
                    (B) direct the reassignment or detailing from any 
                Federal department or agency (subject to the approval 
                of the head of that department or agency, in the case 
                of a department or agency other than the Department of 
                Justice) of personnel to each criminal street gang 
                enforcement team;
                    (C) provide all necessary funding for the operation 
                of each local collaborative working group in each high 
                intensity interstate gang activity area; and
                    (D) provide all necessary funding for national and 
                regional meetings of local collaborative working 
                groups, criminal street gang enforcement teams, and all 
                other related organizations, as needed, to ensure 
                effective operation of such teams through the sharing 
                of intelligence and best practices and for any other 
                related purpose.
            (3) Composition of criminal street gang enforcement team.--
        Each team established under paragraph (2)(A)(i) shall consist 
        of agents and officers, where feasible, from--
                    (A) the Federal Bureau of Investigation;
                    (B) the Drug Enforcement Administration;
                    (C) the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and 
                Explosives;
                    (D) the United States Marshals Service;
                    (E) the Department of Homeland Security;
                    (F) the Department of Housing and Urban 
                Development;
                    (G) State, local, and, where appropriate, tribal 
                law enforcement;
                    (H) Federal, State, and local prosecutors; and
                    (I) the Bureau of Indian Affairs, Office of Law 
                Enforcement Services, where appropriate.
            (4) Criteria for designation.--In considering an area for 
        designation as a high intensity interstate gang activity area 
        under this section, the Attorney General shall consider--
                    (A) the current and predicted levels of gang crime 
                activity in the area;
                    (B) the extent to which violent crime in the area 
                appears to be related to criminal street gang activity, 
                such as drug trafficking, murder, robbery, assaults, 
                carjacking, arson, kidnapping, extortion, and other 
                criminal activity;
                    (C) the extent to which State, local, and, where 
                appropriate, tribal law enforcement agencies have 
                committed resources to--
                            (i) respond to the gang crime problem; and
                            (ii) participate in a gang enforcement 
                        team;
                    (D) the extent to which a significant increase in 
                the allocation of Federal resources would enhance local 
                response to the gang crime activities in the area; and
                    (E) any other criteria that the Attorney General 
                considers to be appropriate.
            (5) Relation to hidtas.--If the Attorney General 
        establishes a high intensity interstate gang activity area that 
        substantially overlaps geographically with any existing high 
        intensity drug trafficking area (in this section referred to as 
        a ``HIDTA''), the Attorney General shall direct the local 
        collaborative working group for that high intensity interstate 
        gang activity area to enter into an agreement with the 
        Executive Board for that HIDTA, providing that--
                    (A) the Executive Board of that HIDTA shall 
                establish a separate high intensity interstate gang 
                activity area law enforcement steering committee, and 
                select (with a preference for Federal, State, and local 
                law enforcement agencies that are within the geographic 
                area of that high intensity interstate gang activity 
                area) the members of that committee, subject to the 
                concurrence of the Attorney General;
                    (B) the high intensity interstate gang activity 
                area law enforcement steering committee established 
                under subparagraph (A) shall administer the funds 
                provided under subsection (g)(1) for the Criminal 
                Street Gang Enforcement Team, after consulting with, 
                and consistent with the goals and strategies 
                established by, that local collaborative working group;
                    (C) the high intensity interstate gang activity 
                area law enforcement steering committee established 
                under subparagraph (A) shall select, from Federal, 
                State, and local law enforcement agencies within the 
                geographic area of that high intensity interstate gang 
                activity area, the members of the Criminal Street Gang 
                Enforcement Team; and
                    (D) the Criminal Street Gang Enforcement Team of 
                that high intensity interstate gang activity area, and 
                its law enforcement steering committee, may, with 
                approval of the Executive Board of the HIDTA with which 
                it overlaps, utilize the intelligence-sharing, 
                administrative, and other resources of that HIDTA.
    (c) Reporting Requirements.--Not later than February 1 of each 
year, the Attorney General shall provide a report to Congress which 
describes, for each designated high intensity interstate gang activity 
area--
            (1) the specific long-term and short-term goals and 
        objectives;
            (2) the measurements used to evaluate the performance of 
        the high intensity interstate gang activity area in achieving 
        the long-term and short-term goals;
            (3) the age, composition, and membership of gangs;
            (4) the number and nature of crimes committed by gangs; and
            (5) the definition of the term gang used to compile this 
        report.
    (d) National Gang Activity Database.--
            (1) In general.--From amounts made available to carry out 
        this section, the Attorney General shall establish a National 
        Gang Activity Database to be housed at and administered by the 
        Federal Bureau of Investigation.
            (2) Description.--The database required by paragraph (1) 
        shall--
                    (A) be designed to disseminate gang information to 
                law enforcement agencies throughout the country;
                    (B) contain critical information on gangs, gang 
                members, firearms, criminal activities, vehicles, and 
                other information useful for investigators in solving 
                gang-related crimes; and
                    (C) operate in a manner that enables law 
                enforcement agencies to--
                            (i) identify gang members involved in 
                        crimes;
                            (ii) track the movement of gangs and 
                        members throughout the region;
                            (iii) coordinate law enforcement response 
                        to gang violence;
                            (iv) enhance officer safety;
                            (v) provide realistic, up to date figures 
                        and statistical data on gang crime and 
                        violence;
                            (vi) forecast trends and respond 
                        accordingly; and
                            (vii) more easily solve crimes and prevent 
                        violence.
    (e) Additional Assistant United States Attorneys.--The Attorney 
General is authorized to hire 94 additional Assistant United States 
attorneys to carry out the provisions of this section. Each attorney 
hired under this subsection shall be assigned to a high intensity 
interstate gang activity area.
    (f) National Gang Research, Evaluation, and Policy Institute.--
            (1) In general.--The Bureau of Justice Assistance of the 
        Department of Justice, after consulting with relevant with law 
        enforcement officials, practitioners and researchers, shall 
        establish a National Gang Research, Evaluation, and Policy 
        Institute (in this subsection referred to as the 
        ``Institute'').
            (2) Activities.--The Institute shall promote and facilitate 
        the implementation of effective gang violence prevention 
        models, including the Operation Ceasefire gang violence 
        prevention strategy and other effective strategies to prevent 
        gang violence. The Institute shall assist jurisdictions in 
        designing and implementing effective local strategies, and 
        shall provide technical assistance and conduct research in 
        support of its mission.
            (3) National conference.--Not later than 90 days after the 
        date of its formation, the Institute shall design and conduct a 
        national conference to prevent gang violence, and to teach and 
        promote gang violence prevention strategies. The conference 
        shall be attended by appropriate representatives from criminal 
        street enforcement teams, and local collaborative working 
        groups, including community, religious, and social service 
        organizations.
            (4) National demonstration sites.--Not later than 120 days 
        after the date of its formation, the Institute shall select 
        appropriate HIIGAA areas to serve as primary national 
        demonstration sites, based on the nature, concentration and 
        distribution of various gang types, and the range of particular 
        gang-related issues. The Institute shall thereafter establish 
        such other, secondary sites, to be linked to and receive 
        technical assistance through the primary sites, as it may deem 
        appropriate.
            (5) Dissemination of information.--Not later than 180 days 
        after the date of its formation, the Institute shall develop 
        and begin dissemination of information, including guides, 
        research and assessment models, case studies, evaluations, and 
        best practices. The Institute shall also create a website, 
        designed to support the implementation of successful gang 
        violence prevention models, and disseminate appropriate 
        information to assist jurisdictions in reducing gang violence.
            (6) Support.--The Institute shall obtain initial and 
        continuing support from experienced researchers and 
        practitioners, as it deems necessary, to assist in implementing 
        its strategies nationally, regionally, and locally.
            (7) Research agenda.--The Institute shall establish and 
        implement a core research agenda designed to address areas of 
        particular challenge, including--
                    (A) how best to apply Operation Ceasefire or other 
                successful models to particularly large jurisdictions;
                    (B) how to foster and maximize the continuing 
                impact of community moral voices in this context;
                    (C) how to ensure the long-term sustainability of 
                reduced violent crime levels once initial levels of 
                enthusiasm may subside; and
                    (D) how to apply existing intervention frameworks 
                to emerging regional or national gang problems, such as 
                the emergence of the gang known as MS-13.
            (8) Evaluation.--The National Institute of Justice shall 
        evaluate, on a continuing basis, gang violence prevention 
        strategies supported by the Institute, and shall report the 
        results of these evaluations by no later than October 1 each 
        year to the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate and the 
        Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives.
            (9) Funds.--The Attorney General shall use not less than 3 
        percent, and not more than 5 percent, of the amounts made 
        available under this section to establish and operate the 
        Institute.
    (g) Use of Funds.--Of amounts made available to a local 
collaborative working group under this section for each fiscal year 
that are remaining after the costs of hiring a full time coordinator 
for the local collaborative effort--
            (1) 50 percent shall be used for the operation of criminal 
        street gang enforcement teams; and
            (2) 50 percent shall be used--
                    (A) to provide at-risk youth with positive 
                alternatives to gangs and other violent groups and to 
                address the needs of those who leave gangs and other 
                violent groups through--
                            (i) service providers in the community, 
                        including schools and school districts; and
                            (ii) faith leaders and other individuals 
                        experienced at reaching youth who have been 
                        involved in violence and violent gangs or 
                        groups;
                    (B) for the establishment and operation of the 
                National Gang Research, Evaluation, and Policy 
                Institute; and
                    (C) to support and provide technical assistance to 
                research in criminal justice, social services, and 
                community gang violence prevention collaborations.
    (h) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out this section $100,000,000 for each of fiscal 
years 2008 through 2012. Any funds made available under this subsection 
shall remain available until expended.

SEC. 302. ENHANCEMENT OF PROJECT SAFE NEIGHBORHOODS INITIATIVE TO 
              IMPROVE ENFORCEMENT OF CRIMINAL LAWS AGAINST VIOLENT 
              GANGS.

    (a) In General.--While maintaining the focus of Project Safe 
Neighborhoods as a comprehensive, strategic approach to reducing gun 
violence in America, the Attorney General is authorized to expand the 
Project Safe Neighborhoods program to require each United States 
attorney to--
            (1) identify, investigate, and prosecute significant 
        criminal street gangs operating within their district; and
            (2) coordinate the identification, investigation, and 
        prosecution of criminal street gangs among Federal, State, and 
        local law enforcement agencies.
    (b) Additional Staff for Project Safe Neighborhoods.--
            (1) In general.--The Attorney General may hire Assistant 
        United States attorneys, non-attorney coordinators, or 
        paralegals to carry out the provisions of this section.
            (2) Enforcement.--The Attorney General may hire Bureau of 
        Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives agents for, and 
        otherwise expend additional resources in support of, the 
        Project Safe Neighborhoods/Firearms Violence Reduction program.
            (3) Authorization of appropriations.--There are authorized 
        to be appropriated $20,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2008 
        through 2012 to carry out this section. Any funds made 
        available under this paragraph shall remain available until 
        expended.

SEC. 303. ADDITIONAL RESOURCES NEEDED BY THE FEDERAL BUREAU OF 
              INVESTIGATION TO INVESTIGATE AND PROSECUTE VIOLENT 
              CRIMINAL STREET GANGS.

    (a) Responsibilities of Attorney General.--The Attorney General is 
authorized to require the Federal Bureau of Investigation to--
            (1) increase funding for the Safe Streets Program; and
            (2) support criminal street gang enforcement teams.
    (b) Authorization of Appropriations.--
            (1) In general.--In addition to amounts otherwise 
        authorized, there are authorized to be appropriated to the 
        Attorney General $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2008 
        through 2012 to carry out the Safe Streets Program.
            (2) Availability.--Any amounts appropriated under paragraph 
        (1) shall remain available until expended.

SEC. 304. GRANTS TO PROSECUTORS AND LAW ENFORCEMENT TO COMBAT VIOLENT 
              CRIME.

    (a) In General.--Section 31702 of the Violent Crime Control and Law 
Enforcement Act of 1994 (42 U.S.C. 13862) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (3), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (2) in paragraph (4), by striking the period at the end and 
        inserting a semicolon; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(5) to hire additional prosecutors to--
                    ``(A) allow more cases to be prosecuted; and
                    ``(B) reduce backlogs; and
            ``(6) to fund technology, equipment, and training for 
        prosecutors and law enforcement in order to increase accurate 
        identification of gang members and violent offenders, and to 
        maintain databases with such information to facilitate 
        coordination among law enforcement and prosecutors.''.
    (b) Authorization of Appropriations.--Section 31707 of the Violent 
Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 (42 U.S.C. 13867) is 
amended to read as follows:

``SEC. 31707. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    ``There are authorized to be appropriated $20,000,000 for each of 
the fiscal years 2008 through 2012 to carry out this subtitle.''.

SEC. 305. SHORT-TERM STATE WITNESS PROTECTION SECTION.

    (a) Establishment.--
            (1) In general.--Chapter 37 of title 28, United States 
        Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 570. Short-Term State Witness Protection Section
    ``(a) In General.--There is established in the United States 
Marshals Service a Short-Term State Witness Protection Section which 
shall provide protection for witnesses in State and local trials 
involving homicide or other major violent crimes pursuant to 
cooperative agreements with State and local criminal prosecutor's 
offices and the United States attorney for the District of Columbia.
    ``(b) Eligibility.--The Short-Term State Witness Protection Section 
shall give priority in awarding grants and providing services to 
criminal prosecutor's offices in States with an average of not less 
than 100 murders per year during the 5-year period immediately 
preceding an application for protection, as calculated using the latest 
available crime statistics from the Federal Bureau of Investigation.''.
            (2) Chapter analysis.--The chapter analysis for chapter 37 
        of title 28, United States Code, is amended by striking the 
        items relating to sections 570 through 576 and inserting the 
        following:

``570. Short-Term State Witness Protection Section.''.
    (b) Grant Program.--
            (1) Definitions.--In this subsection--
                    (A) the term ``eligible prosecutor's office'' means 
                a State or local criminal prosecutor's office or the 
                United States attorney for the District of Columbia 
                that is located in a State with an average of not less 
                than 100 murders per year during the most recent 5-year 
                period, as calculated using the latest available crime 
                statistics from the Federal Bureau of Investigation; 
                and
                    (B) the term ``serious violent felony'' has the 
                same meaning as in section 3559(c)(2) of title 18, 
                United States Code.
            (2) Grants authorized.--
                    (A) In general.--The Attorney General is authorized 
                to make grants to eligible prosecutor's offices for the 
                purpose of providing short term protection to witnesses 
                in trials involving homicide or serious violent felony.
                    (B) Allocation.--Each eligible prosecutor's office 
                receiving a grant under this subsection may either--
                            (i) use the grant to provide witness 
                        protection; or
                            (ii) pursuant to a cooperative agreement 
                        with the Short-Term State Witness Protection 
                        Section of the United States Marshals Service, 
                        credit the grant to the Short-Term State 
                        Witness Protection Section to cover the costs 
                        to the section of providing witness protection 
                        on behalf of the eligible prosecutor's office.
            (3) Application.--
                    (A) In general.--Each eligible prosecutor's office 
                desiring a grant under this subsection shall submit an 
                application to the Attorney General at such time, in 
                such manner, and accompanied by such information as the 
                Attorney General may reasonably require.
                    (B) Contents.--Each application submitted under 
                subparagraph (A) shall--
                            (i) describe the activities for which 
                        assistance under this subsection is sought; and
                            (ii) provide such additional assurances as 
                        the Attorney General determines to be essential 
                        to ensure compliance with the requirements of 
                        this subsection.
            (4) Authorization of appropriations.--There are authorized 
        to be appropriated to carry out this subsection $90,000,000 for 
        each of fiscal years 2008 through 2010.

SEC. 306. WITNESS PROTECTION SERVICES.

    Section 3526 of title 18, United States Code (Cooperation of other 
Federal agencies and State governments; reimbursement of expenses) is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(c) In any case in which a State government requests the Attorney 
General to provide temporary protection under section 3521(e) of this 
title, the costs of providing temporary protection are not reimbursable 
if the investigation or prosecution in any way relates to crimes of 
violence committed by a gang, as defined under the laws of the relevant 
State seeking assistance under this title.''.

SEC. 307. EXPANSION OF FEDERAL WITNESS RELOCATION AND PROTECTION 
              PROGRAM.

    Section 3521(a)(1) of title 18 is amended by inserting ``, criminal 
street gang, serious drug offense, homicide,'' after ``organized 
criminal activity''.

SEC. 308. FAMILY ABDUCTION PREVENTION GRANT PROGRAM.

    (a) State Grants.--The Attorney General is authorized to make 
grants to States for projects involving--
            (1) the extradition of individuals suspected of committing 
        a family abduction;
            (2) the investigation by State and local law enforcement 
        agencies of family abduction cases;
            (3) the training of State and local law enforcement 
        agencies in responding to family abductions and recovering 
        abducted children, including the development of written 
        guidelines and technical assistance;
            (4) outreach and media campaigns to educate parents on the 
        dangers of family abductions; and
            (5) the flagging of school records.
    (b) Matching Requirement.--Not less than 50 percent of the cost of 
a project for which a grant is made under this section shall be 
provided by non-Federal sources.
    (c) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Family abduction.---The term ``family abduction'' means 
        the taking, keeping, or concealing of a child or children by a 
        parent, other family member, or person acting on behalf of the 
        parent or family member, that prevents another individual from 
        exercising lawful custody or visitation rights.
            (2) Flagging.--The term ``flagging'' means the process of 
        notifying law enforcement authorities of the name and address 
        of any person requesting the school records of an abducted 
        child.
            (3) State.--The term ``State'' means each of the several 
        States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto 
        Rico, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, 
        American Samoa, Guam, the Virgin Islands, any territory or 
        possession of the United States, and any Indian tribe.
    (d) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out this section $500,000 for fiscal year 2008 
and such sums as may be necessary for each of fiscal years 2009 and 
2010.
                                 <all>