[Congressional Bills 110th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 3474 Introduced in Senate (IS)]







110th CONGRESS
  2d Session
                                S. 3474

To amend title 44, United States Code, to enhance information security 
           of the Federal Government, and for other purposes.


_______________________________________________________________________


                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                           September 11, 2008

  Mr. Carper (for himself and Mr. Lieberman) introduced the following 
 bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Homeland 
                   Security and Governmental Affairs

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
To amend title 44, United States Code, to enhance information security 
           of the Federal Government, and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Federal Information Security 
Management Act of 2008'' or the ``FISMA Act of 2008''.

SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.

    Section 3542(b) of title 44, United States Code, is amended by 
adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) The term `adequate security' means security 
        commensurate with the risk and magnitude of harm resulting from 
        the loss, misuse, or unauthorized access to or modification of 
        information.
            ``(5) The term `incident' means an occurrence that actually 
        or potentially jeopardizes the confidentiality, integrity, or 
        availability of an information system or the information the 
        system processes, stores, or transmits or that constitutes a 
        violation or imminent threat of violation of security policies, 
        security procedures, or acceptable use policies.
            ``(6) The term `information infrastructure' means the 
        underlying framework that information systems and assets rely 
        on in processing, transmitting, receiving, or storing 
        information electronically.''.

SEC. 3. ANNUAL INDEPENDENT AUDIT.

    (a) Requirement for Audit Instead of Evaluation.--Section 3545 of 
title 44, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in the section heading, by striking ``evaluation'' and 
        inserting ``audit'' ; and
            (2) in paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (a), by 
        striking ``evaluation'' and inserting ``audit'' both places 
        that term appears.
    (b) Additional Specific Requirements for Audits.--Section 3545(a) 
of such title is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (2)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``subset of 
                the agency's information systems;'' and inserting the 
                following: ``subset of--
                            ``(i) the information systems used or 
                        operated by the agency; and
                            ``(ii) the information systems used, 
                        operated, or supported on behalf of the agency 
                        by a contractor of the agency, any 
                        subcontractor (at any tier) of such a 
                        contractor, or any other entity;'';
                    (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (C) in subparagraph (C), by striking the period and 
                inserting ``; and''; and
                    (D) by adding at the end the following new 
                subparagraph:
                    ``(D) a conclusion as to whether the agency's 
                information security controls are effective, including 
                an identification of any significant deficiencies 
                identified in such controls.''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) Each audit under this section shall conform to 
        generally accepted government auditing standards.''.
    (c) Technical and Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) Each of the following provisions of section 3545 of 
        title 44, United States Code, is amended by striking 
        ``evaluation'' and inserting ``audit'' each place it appears:
                    (A) Subsection (b)(1).
                    (B) Subsection (b)(2).
                    (C) Subsection (c).
                    (D) Subsection (e)(1).
                    (E) Subsection (e)(2).
            (2) Section 3545(d) of such title is amended to read as 
        follows:
    ``(d) Existing Information.--The audit required by this section may 
include consideration of relevant audits, evaluations, reports, or 
other information relating to programs or practices of the applicable 
agency.''.
            (3) Section 3545(f) of such title is amended by striking 
        ``evaluators'' and inserting ``auditors''.
            (4) Section 3545(g)(1) of such title is amended by striking 
        ``evaluations'' and inserting ``audits''.
            (5) Section 3545(g)(3) of such title is amended by striking 
        ``Evaluations'' and inserting ``Audits''.
            (6) Section 3543(a)(8)(A) of such title is amended by 
        striking ``evaluations'' and inserting ``audits''.
            (7) Section 3544(b)(5)(B) of such title is amended by 
        striking ``a evaluation'' and inserting ``an audit, evaluation, 
        report, or other information relating to programs or practices 
        of the applicable agency''.

SEC. 4. CHIEF INFORMATION SECURITY OFFICER AND CHIEF INFORMATION 
              SECURITY OFFICER COUNCIL.

    (a) Delegations to Chief Information Security Officer.--Section 
3544(a) of title 44, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (3)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A)--
                            (i) by striking ``Chief Information Officer 
                        established under section 3506'' and inserting 
                        ``Chief Information Security Officer designated 
                        under section 3548''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``ensure compliance'' and 
                        inserting ``enforce compliance'';
                    (B) by striking subparagraph (A); and
                    (C) by redesignating subparagraphs (B) through (E) 
                as subparagraphs (A) through (D), respectively;
            (2) in paragraph (4), by inserting ``and cleared'' after 
        ``trained''; and
            (3) in paragraph (5), by striking ``Chief Information 
        Officer'' and inserting ``Chief Information Security Officer''.
    (b) Chief Information Security Officer and Chief Information 
Security Officer Council.--Chapter 35 of title 44, United States Code, 
is amended--
            (1) by redesignating sections 3548 and 3549 as sections 
        3553 and 3554, respectively; and
            (2) by inserting after section 3547 the following:
``Sec. 3548. Chief Information Security Officers
    ``(a) Designations.--(1) Except as provided under paragraph (2), 
the head of each agency shall designate a Chief Information Security 
Officer who with such agency head shall carry out the responsibilities 
of the agency under this subchapter. An individual may not serve as the 
Chief Information Officer and the Chief Information Security Officer 
for an agency at the same time. The Chief Information Security Officer 
shall report directly to the Chief Information Officer to carry out 
such responsibilities.
    ``(2) The Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of each military 
department may each designate Chief Information Security Officers who 
with the Secretary making the designation shall carry out the 
responsibilities of the applicable department under this subchapter. An 
individual may not serve as the Chief Information Officer and the Chief 
Information Security Officer for a department at the same time. The 
Secretary shall provide for the Chief Information Security Officer to 
report to the applicable Chief Information Officer to carry out such 
responsibilities. If more than 1 Chief Information Security Officer is 
designated, the respective duties of the Chief Information Security 
Officers shall be clearly delineated.
    ``(b) Qualifications and General Duties.--A Chief Information 
Security Officer shall--
            ``(1) possess necessary qualifications, including 
        education, professional certifications, training, experience, 
        and the security clearance required to administer the functions 
        described under this subchapter; and
            ``(2) have information security duties as the primary duty 
        of that official.
    ``(c) Responsibilities.--A Chief Information Security Officer for 
an agency shall have the mission, budget, resources, and authority 
necessary to--
            ``(1) oversee the establishment and maintenance of an 
        incident response capability that on a continuous basis can--
                    ``(A) detect, report, respond to, contain, 
                investigate, attribute, and mitigate any network, 
                computer, or data security incident that impairs 
                adequate security, in accordance with policy provided 
                by the Office of Management and Budget, in consultation 
                with the Chief Information Security Officer Council, 
                and guidance from the National Institute of Standards 
                and Technology;
                    ``(B) collaborate with other public and private 
                sector incident response resources to address incidents 
                that extend beyond the agency; and
                    ``(C) not later than 24 hours after discovery of 
                any incident described under subparagraph (A) unless 
                otherwise directed by policy of the Office of 
                Management and Budget, provide notice to the 
                appropriate supporting information security operating 
                center, inspector general, and the United States 
                Computer Emergency Readiness Team;
            ``(2) collaborate with the Chief Information Officer to 
        establish, maintain, and update an enterprise network, system, 
        storage, and security architecture framework documentation to 
        be submitted quarterly to the United States Computer Emergency 
        Readiness Team, that includes--
                    ``(A) documentation of how technical, managerial, 
                and operational security controls are implemented 
                throughout the agency's information infrastructure; and
                    ``(B) documentation of how the controls described 
                under subparagraph (A) maintain the appropriate level 
                of confidentiality, integrity, and availability of 
                electronic information and information systems based on 
                National Institute of Standards and Technology guidance 
                and Chief Information Security Officers Council 
                recommended approaches;
            ``(3) ensure that--
                    ``(A) risk assessments are conducted on a periodic 
                basis;
                    ``(B) penetration tests are conducted commensurate 
                with risk (as defined by the National Institute of 
                Standards and Technology) for an agency's information 
                infrastructure; and
                    ``(C) information security vulnerabilities are 
                mitigated in a timely fashion;
            ``(4) ensure that annual information technology security 
        awareness and role-based training for agency employees and 
        contractors is conducted;
            ``(5) create, maintain, and manage an information security 
        performance measurement system that aligns with agency goals 
        and budget process; and
            ``(6) direct and manage information technology security 
        programs and functions within all subordinate agency 
        organizations (including components, bureaus, offices, and 
        other organizations within the agency).
    ``(d) Continuous Technical Monitoring for Malicious Activity of 
Agency Network and Information System.--(1) Each agency shall establish 
a mechanism that allows the Chief Information Security Officer of the 
agency to detect, monitor, correlate, and analyze, the security of any 
information system that is connected to the agency's information 
infrastructure on a continuous basis through automated monitoring.
    ``(2) The Chief Information Security Officer of an agency shall be 
responsible for and have the authority to assure that any information 
system connected to the network (directly or indirectly) that does not 
comply with security policies and standards, or has been compromised, 
is denied access and use of the agency network until the information 
system meets or exceeds accepted security policies and standards 
established by--
            ``(A) the National Institute of Standards and Technology;
            ``(B) the Office of Management and Budget; and
            ``(C) the applicable agency.
    ``(3) After notification to the applicable agency's Chief 
Information Officer, the Chief Information Security Officer of an 
agency may prevent access to any information system or individual that 
is using or attempts to use the agency information infrastructure if 
information security policies and procedures have not been followed or 
implemented.
    ``(4) If the Chief Information Security Officer recognizes a 
network, computer, or data security incident that impairs adequate 
security of an interagency information system, the Chief Information 
Security Officer shall notify the managing agency, agency inspector 
general, and the United States Computer Emergency Readiness Team within 
24 hours after discovery of an incident as defined by policy of the 
Office of Management and Budget.
    ``(e) Operational Evaluation.--(1) The Chief Information Security 
Officer of an agency in consultation with the agency Chief Information 
Officer, with recommendations from the Chief Information Security 
Officers Council and in consultation with the Secretary of Homeland 
Security and the heads of other appropriate Federal agencies, shall--
            ``(A) establish security control testing protocols that 
        ensure that the information infrastructure of the agency, 
        including contractor information systems operating on behalf of 
        the agency are effectively protected against known 
        vulnerabilities, attacks, and exploitations;
            ``(B) oversee the deployment of such protocols throughout 
        the information infrastructure of the agency; and
            ``(C) update and test such protocols on a recurring basis.
    ``(2) After consideration of best practices and recommendations for 
operational evaluations established by the Chief Information Security 
Officer Council and in consultation with the heads of appropriate 
agencies, the Department of Homeland Security shall no less than 
annually--
            ``(A) conduct an operational evaluation of the information 
        infrastructure of each agency for known vulnerabilities, 
        attacks, and exploitations of Federal networks on a frequent 
        and recurring basis;
            ``(B) evaluate the ability of each agency to monitor, 
        detect, correlate, analyze, report, and respond to breaches in 
        information security policies and practices;
            ``(C) report to the agency head, the Chief Information 
        Officer, and the Chief Information Security Officer of the 
        applicable agency the findings of the operational evaluation; 
        and
            ``(D) in consultation with the Chief Information Officer 
        and the Chief Information Security Officer of the applicable 
        agency, assist with mitigating exploited vulnerabilities, 
        attacks, and exploitations.
    ``(3) Not later than 30 days after receiving an operational 
evaluation under paragraph (2), the Chief Information Security Officer 
of an agency shall provide the Chief Information Officer and the agency 
head a plan for addressing recommendations and mitigating 
vulnerabilities contained in the security reports identified under 
paragraph (2), including a timeline and budget for implementing such 
plan.
    ``(f) National Security Systems.--Subsections (c), (d), and (e) 
shall not apply to any national security system as defined under 
section 3542(b)(2) so long as that system is evaluated in a manner 
consistent with processes described under subsection (e)(2) (A) through 
(D) of this section.
``Sec. 3549. Chief Information Security Officer Council
    ``(a) Establishment.--There is established in the executive branch 
a Chief Information Security Officers Council (in this section referred 
to as the `Council').
    ``(b) Membership.--The members of the Council shall be full-time 
senior government employees. The members shall be as follows:
            ``(1) The Administrator of the Office of Electronic 
        Government of the Office of Management and Budget.
            ``(2) The Chief Information Security Officer of each agency 
        described under section 901(b) of title 31.
            ``(3) The Chief Information Security Officer of the 
        Department of the Army, the Department of the Navy, and the 
        Department of the Air Force, if chief information officers have 
        been designated for such departments under section 
        3506(a)(2)(B).
            ``(4) A representative from the Office of the Director of 
        National Intelligence.
            ``(5) A representative from the United States Strategic 
        Command.
            ``(6) A representative from the United States Computer 
        Emergency Readiness Team.
            ``(7) A representative from the Intelligence Community 
        Incident Response Center.
            ``(8) A representative from the Committee on National 
        Security Systems.
            ``(9) Any other officer or employee of the United States 
        designated by the chairperson.
    ``(c) Co-Chairpersons and Vice Chairpersons.--(1) The Director of 
the National Cyber Security Center shall act as chairperson of the 
Council. The Administrator of the Office of Electronic Government of 
the Office of Management and Budget shall act as co-chairperson of the 
Council.
    ``(2) The vice chairperson of the Council shall be selected by the 
Council from among its members. The vice chairperson shall serve a 1-
year term and may serve multiple terms. The vice chairperson shall 
serve as a liaison to the Chief Information Officer, Council Committee 
on National Security Systems, and other councils or committees as 
appointed by the chairperson.
    ``(d) Functions.--(1) The Council shall be the principal 
interagency forum for establishing best practices and recommendations 
for operational evaluations that use attack-based testing protocols 
established under section 3548(e).
    ``(2) The Council shall--
            ``(A) share experiences and innovative approaches relating 
        to information sharing and information security best practices, 
        penetration testing regimes, and incident response mitigation;
            ``(B) promote the development and use of standard 
        performance measures for agency information security that--
                    ``(i) are outcome-based;
                    ``(ii) focus on risk management;
                    ``(iii) align with the business and program goals 
                of the agency;
                    ``(iv) measure improvements in the agency security 
                posture over time; and
                    ``(v) reduce burdensome compliance measures;
            ``(C) develop and recommend to the Office of Management and 
        Budget the necessary qualifications to be established for Chief 
        Information Security Officers to be capable of administering 
        the functions described under this subchapter including 
        education, training, and experience;
            ``(D) enhance information system certification and 
        accreditation processes by establishing a prioritized baseline 
        of information security measures and controls that can be 
        continuously monitored through automated mechanisms; and
            ``(E) submit proposed enhancements to the Office of 
        Management and Budget.
``Sec. 3550. Requirements for contracts relating to agency information 
              and information systems
    ``(a) In General.--(1) Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of the Federal Information Security Management Act of 2008, 
the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, in consultation 
with the Director of the National Institutes of Standards and 
Technology, shall promulgate information security regulations governing 
contracts (including task or delivery orders issued pursuant to 
contracts) between the Federal Government and any individual, 
corporation, partnership, organization, or other entity that interfaces 
with an information system of an agency or collects, stores, operates, 
or maintains information on behalf of the agency.
    ``(2) Regulations promulgated under this subsection shall specify 
requirements concerning--
            ``(A) adequacy and effectiveness of the security of 
        information systems;
            ``(B) the collection and transmission of information, 
        including personally identifiable information; and
            ``(C) procedures in the event of a security incident.
    ``(b) Compliance.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, 
effective 180 days after the issuance of regulations under subsection 
(a), no agency may enter into a contract (or issue a task or delivery 
orders under a contract), or otherwise enter into an agreement, with an 
individual, corporation, partnership, organization, or other entity 
that interfaces with an information system of an agency or collects, 
stores, operates, or maintains information on behalf of the agency, 
unless the requirements of the contract or agreement are in compliance 
with such regulations.
    ``(c) Security Requirements.--Notwithstanding any other provision 
of law, effective 3 years after the issuance of regulations under 
subsection (a), no agency may enter into a contract (or issue a task or 
delivery order under contract), or otherwise enter into an agreement, 
with an individual, corporation, partnership, organization, or other 
entity for commercial off the shelf items, including hardware and 
software that does not conform to the security requirements in such 
regulations.
``Sec. 3551. Reports to Congress
    ``(a) Annual Reports.--(1) On March 1 of each year, the Department 
of Homeland Security shall submit a report on operational evaluations 
and testing protocols to--
            ``(A) the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental 
        Affairs of the Senate;
            ``(B) the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform and 
        the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of 
        Representatives;
            ``(C) the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate;
            ``(D) the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the 
        House of Representatives;
            ``(E) the Government Accountability Office; and
            ``(F) the President's Council on Integrity and Efficiency 
        and the Executive Council on Integrity and Efficiency.
    ``(2) Each report submitted under this subsection shall--
            ``(A) provide detailed information on the operational 
        evaluations of each agency performed during the preceding 
        fiscal year, the results of such evaluations, and any actions 
        that remain to be taken under plans included in corrective 
        action reports under section 3548(e)(3);
            ``(B) describe the effectiveness of the testing protocols 
        developed under section 3548(e)(1) in mitigating the risks 
        associated with known vulnerabilities, attacks, and 
        exploitations of the information infrastructure of each agency;
            ``(C) describe the information security posture of the 
        Federal Government, including--
                    ``(i) the risks to the confidentiality, integrity, 
                and availability of information governmentwide; and
                    ``(ii) a plan of action and milestones to mitigate 
                the risks governmentwide;
            ``(D) include any recommendations for relevant executive 
        branch action and congressional oversight; and
            ``(E) include an unclassified and classified report of the 
        operational evaluation.
    ``(b) Security Reports and Corrective Action Reports.--The agency 
head and inspector general of each agency shall make all information 
security reports and information security corrective action reports 
available upon request to--
            ``(1) the Secretary of Homeland Security for purposes of 
        completing the requirements under subsection (a); and
            ``(2) the Comptroller General of the United States.''.
    (c) Technical and Conforming Amendments.--The table of sections for 
chapter 35 of title 44, United States Code, is amended by striking the 
items relating to sections 3548 and 3549 and inserting the following:

``Sec.
``3548. Chief Information Security Officers.
``3549. Chief Information Security Officer Council.
``3550. Requirements for contracts relating to agency information and 
                            information systems.
``3551. Reports to Congress.
``3552. Authorization of appropriations.
``3553. Effect on existing law.''.
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