1.Short title; table of contents
(a)This Act may be cited as the Passport and Visa Security Act of 2007
.
(b)The table of contents for this Act is as follows:
Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
TITLE I—Reform of passport fraud offenses
Sec. 101. Trafficking in passports.
Sec. 102. False statement in an application for a passport.
Sec. 103. Forgery and unlawful production of a passport.
Sec. 104. Misuse of a passport.
Sec. 105. Schemes to defraud aliens.
Sec. 106. Immigration and visa fraud.
Sec. 107. Alternative imprisonment maximum for certain offenses.
Sec. 108. Attempts, conspiracies, jurisdiction, and definitions.
Sec. 109. Clerical amendment.
TITLE II—Other reforms
Sec. 201. Directive to the United States Sentencing Commission.
Sec. 202. Release and detention prior to disposition.
Sec. 203. Protection for legitimate refugees and asylum seekers.
Sec. 204. Diplomatic security service.
Sec. 205. Uniform statute of limitations for certain immigration, passport, and naturalization offenses.
<enum>I</enum><header>Reform of passport fraud offenses</header>
<section id="IDFCAD5670CF3C4B43B384A9639A4E1772"><enum>101.</enum><header>Trafficking in passports</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Section 1541 of title 18, United States Code, is amended to read as follows:</text>
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<section id="ID47351B84E42045D5B164AB01C8F93397"><enum>1541.</enum><header>Trafficking in passports</header>
<subsection id="ID1C6C4EFE6C174C10A86A248DAA3422D5"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Multiple Passports</header><text>Any person who, during any period of 3 years or less, knowingly—</text>
<paragraph id="ID2F6206BFA6F84BC1AF22BDBC4D1661C3"><enum>(1)</enum><text>and without lawful authority produces, issues, or transfers 10 or more passports;</text> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="ID47763D1E87FC45B09EBA85601CF3D3BE"><enum>(2)</enum><text>forges, counterfeits, alters, or falsely makes 10 or more passports;</text> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="ID6B91B45E7226476BB97DF72CFAB9665C"><enum>(3)</enum><text>secures, possesses, uses, receives, buys, sells, or distributes 10 or more passports, knowing the passports to be forged, counterfeited, altered, falsely made, stolen, procured by fraud, or produced or issued without lawful authority; or</text> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="ID7296376AD38B480A90AE0A4C4AF8C8A9"><enum>(4)</enum><text>completes, mails, prepares, presents, signs, or submits 10 or more applications for a United States passport, knowing the applications to contain any false statement or representation,</text> </paragraph><continuation-text continuation-text-level="subsection">shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both.</continuation-text></subsection>
<subsection id="ID3DFFFC49ACEB4184A65CE9135465FABE"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Passport Materials</header><text>Any person who knowingly and without lawful authority produces, buys, sells, possesses, or uses any official material (or counterfeit of any official material) used to make a passport, including any distinctive paper, seal, hologram, image, text, symbol, stamp, engraving, or plate, shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both.</text> </subsection></section><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block> </section>
<section id="id4113411F8A9A494FA2A77193917971DE"><enum>102.</enum><header>False statement in an application for a passport</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Section 1542 of title 18, United States Code, is amended to read as follows:</text>
<quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id00C3AC240664458BA33497401DB2CEA7" style="USC">
<section id="ID126CFDDBEAB74F67AD2B6A860F22EB16"><enum>1542.</enum><header>False statement in an application for a passport</header>
<subsection id="IDaf5882f59e35423d9b14ec368a129a98"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text>Whoever knowingly makes any false statement or representation in an application for a United States passport, or mails, prepares, presents, or signs an application for a United States passport knowing the application to contain any false statement or representation, shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 15 years, or both.</text> </subsection>
<subsection id="IDd2475d110e4d43c2bf4ad464fe688e1b"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Venue</header>
<paragraph id="id5A774A8D4D864E1EB700B96543DE72D6"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>An offense under subsection (a) may be prosecuted in any district—</text>
<subparagraph id="ID0684f2d8ec414c60b77ce6afdb70494c"><enum>(A)</enum><text>in which the false statement or representation was made or the application for a United States passport was prepared or signed; or</text> </subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="IDbef6f4ebc38343208c37d92f44d2febd"><enum>(B)</enum><text>in which or to which the application was mailed or presented.</text> </subparagraph></paragraph>
<paragraph id="IDe3a2d48f67ac44f1b54cbca26d962311"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Acts occurring outside the United States</header><text>An offense under subsection (a) involving an application for a United States passport prepared and adjudicated outside the United States may be prosecuted in the district in which the resultant passport was or would have been produced.</text> </paragraph></subsection>
<subsection id="IDc5fd5259a86f4a7688a4640a0cc92d05"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Savings clause</header><text>Nothing in this section may be construed to limit the venue otherwise available under sections 3237 and 3238 of this title.</text> </subsection></section><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block> </section>
<section id="idDBB17045FC4440308D93723A39EEA348"><enum>103.</enum><header>Forgery and unlawful production of a passport</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Section 1543 of title 18, United States Code, is amended to read as follows:</text>
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<section id="IDABE4020AED804D51BD4B60BC82F53EDC"><enum>1543.</enum><header>Forgery and unlawful production of a passport</header>
<subsection id="IDC01078950EB3472D82EE0CEF54983F44"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Forgery</header><text>Any person who knowingly—</text>
<paragraph id="IDD180FA572BAE42A38F4ED018AB35B7CC"><enum>(1)</enum><text>forges, counterfeits, alters, or falsely makes any passport; or</text> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="IDC6BAE7A0CA7641B999F341010E84B7CA"><enum>(2)</enum><text>transfers any passport knowing it to be forged, counterfeited, altered, falsely made, stolen, or to have been produced or issued without lawful authority,</text> </paragraph><continuation-text continuation-text-level="subsection">shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 15 years, or both.</continuation-text></subsection>
<subsection id="ID94BBDB275673478CBFAF14B75F8BF6A6"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Unlawful Production</header><text>Any person who knowingly and without lawful authority—</text>
<paragraph id="ID732CCFFEFAAE4CE6B2861B18D883A3A8"><enum>(1)</enum><text>produces, issues, authorizes, or verifies a passport in violation of the laws, regulations, or rules governing the issuance of the passport;</text> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="IDD404AA14A26D4581A33540403F442711"><enum>(2)</enum><text>produces, issues, authorizes, or verifies a United States passport for or to any person knowing or in reckless disregard of the fact that such person is not entitled to receive a passport; or</text> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="ID2AAF6B42CD7D4A9DA9B4DFD793B3ACCE"><enum>(3)</enum><text>transfers or furnishes a passport to any person for use by any person other than the person for whom the passport was issued or designed,</text> </paragraph><continuation-text continuation-text-level="subsection">shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 15 years, or both.</continuation-text></subsection></section><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block> </section>
<section id="idA334617F1C074C14BF1B8133F9294E1C"><enum>104.</enum><header>Misuse of a passport</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Section 1544 of title 18, United States Code, is amended to read as follows:</text>
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<section id="IDABCC191881154B23ACF3E0936EA22C56"><enum>1544.</enum><header>Misuse of a passport</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Any person who knowingly—</text>
<paragraph id="ID8582BCE7A9DC4A708DDF27855CFAEA2C"><enum>(1)</enum><text>uses any passport issued or designed for the use of another;</text> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="IDE0E720BB42C341E08A1A5C324EFC5978"><enum>(2)</enum><text>uses any passport in violation of the conditions or restrictions therein contained, or in violation of the laws, regulations, or rules governing the issuance and use of the passport;</text> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="IDA9EAFBCCE1204C7AA56E144092298E67"><enum>(3)</enum><text>secures, possesses, uses, receives, buys, sells, or distributes any passport knowing it to be forged, counterfeited, altered, falsely made, procured by fraud, or produced or issued without lawful authority; or</text> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="IDC0163B0108B0448AB751F0CE22092B0F"><enum>(4)</enum><text>violates the terms and conditions of any safe conduct duly obtained and issued under the authority of the United States,</text> </paragraph><continuation-text continuation-text-level="section">shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 15 years, or both.</continuation-text></section><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block> </section>
<section id="id60D5A4ECCB3B401C8F9270A0806ABB3C"><enum>105.</enum><header>Schemes to defraud aliens</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Section 1545 of title 18, United States Code, is amended to read as follows:</text>
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<section id="IDC53AB25E60744525A2BFFE9C9D011F9C"><enum>1545.</enum><header>Schemes to defraud aliens</header>
<subsection id="IDA5E188BAE1DE4CDAB85BE207CD9E738B"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In General</header><text>Any person who knowingly executes a scheme or artifice, in connection with any matter that is authorized by or arises under Federal immigration laws or any matter the offender claims or represents is authorized by or arises under Federal immigration laws, to—</text>
<paragraph id="ID7C232177AECE42DEA29EB872DA8AB289"><enum>(1)</enum><text>defraud any person; or</text> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="ID62D6D872B364460FB681BB8636D7315D"><enum>(2)</enum><text>obtain or receive money or anything else of value from any person by means of false or fraudulent pretenses, representations, promises,</text> </paragraph><continuation-text continuation-text-level="subsection">shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 15 years, or both.</continuation-text></subsection>
<subsection id="IDA90C6DC80CCF4E3286F20EEDFBD0C897"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Misrepresentation</header><text>Any person who knowingly and falsely represents that such person is an attorney or an accredited representative (as that term is defined in section 1292.1 of title 8, Code of Federal Regulations (or any successor regulation to such section)) in any matter arising under Federal immigration laws shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 15 years, or both.</text> </subsection></section><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block> </section>
<section id="idED5A2A7D8D54413D8179362668ED8395"><enum>106.</enum><header>Immigration and visa fraud</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Section 1546 of title 18, United States Code, is amended to read as follows:</text>
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<section id="ID0E8FDF2C1D4447D0B1BA4C9C2B367D61"><enum>1546.</enum><header>Immigration and visa fraud</header>
<subsection id="ID3EBA6B9908D74D9FA7A593B2547BBB67"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text>Any person who knowingly—</text>
<paragraph id="ID2043CB644ADF4CA3B14E0DA5845BD0C7"><enum>(1)</enum><text>uses any immigration document issued or designed for the use of another;</text> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="ID377E1924456E48BDAB5292DAFCC7689B"><enum>(2)</enum><text>forges, counterfeits, alters, or falsely makes any immigration document;</text> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="IDD9641473EFD24C0EA2B3CE0D0AA99A08"><enum>(3)</enum><text>completes, mails, prepares, presents, signs, or submits any immigration document knowing it to contain any materially false statement or representation;</text> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="IDC51F0BD11D374EBC8F4A7B053E91A8F0"><enum>(4)</enum><text>secures, possesses, uses, transfers, receives, buys, sells, or distributes any immigration document knowing it to be forged, counterfeited, altered, falsely made, stolen, procured by fraud, or produced or issued without lawful authority;</text> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="IDAA855BE20ECC45B8BDB7F8AF28814119"><enum>(5)</enum><text>adopts or uses a false or fictitious name to evade or to attempt to evade the immigration laws; or</text> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="ID5444DAD6250B4B56870E7C7262287696"><enum>(6)</enum><text>transfers or furnishes, without lawful authority, an immigration document to another person for use by a person other than the person for whom the passport was issued or designed,</text> </paragraph><continuation-text continuation-text-level="subsection">shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 15 years, or both.</continuation-text></subsection>
<subsection id="IDE9598F47E94541FAB366780CC5498867"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Trafficking</header><text>Any person who, during any period of 3 years or less, knowingly—</text>
<paragraph id="ID8C26B72863B24FEBAA16FEB42314148D"><enum>(1)</enum><text>and without lawful authority produces, issues, or transfers 10 or more immigration documents;</text> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="IDEA2DB8F4050F4C389852A6C79F681A8B"><enum>(2)</enum><text>forges, counterfeits, alters, or falsely makes 10 or more immigration documents;</text> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="IDD705825218D24358B65B895665252DAB"><enum>(3)</enum><text>secures, possesses, uses, buys, sells, or distributes 10 or more immigration documents, knowing the immigration documents to be forged, counterfeited, altered, stolen, falsely made, procured by fraud, or produced or issued without lawful authority; or</text> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="ID392BADA87FA34B508D146FE1CD561CF2"><enum>(4)</enum><text>completes, mails, prepares, presents, signs, or submits 10 or more immigration documents knowing the documents to contain any materially false statement or representation,</text> </paragraph><continuation-text continuation-text-level="subsection">shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both.</continuation-text></subsection>
<subsection id="ID6F1925C42C5A4E69AD4BFDB6F6BBEFDB"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Immigration document materials</header><text>Any person who knowingly and without lawful authority produces, buys, sells, possesses, or uses any official material (or counterfeit of any official material) used to make immigration documents, including any distinctive paper, seal, hologram, image, text, symbol, stamp, engraving, or plate, shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both.</text> </subsection>
<subsection id="id66D1D31B8F3B44B19A8967D3742A4B45"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Employment documents</header><text>Whoever uses—</text>
<paragraph id="IDc92e601df4124c40be283d9c62688f7c"><enum>(1)</enum><text>an identification document, knowing (or having reason to know) that the document was not issued lawfully for the use of the possessor;</text> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="ID00a945f9307d48e9a0f6d3d507a2fefe"><enum>(2)</enum><text>an identification document knowing (or having reason to know) that the document is false; or</text> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="IDc5a485219a8a49c68d47eae42132b8c0"><enum>(3)</enum><text>a false attestation,</text> </paragraph><continuation-text continuation-text-level="subsection">for the purpose of satisfying a requirement of section 274A(b) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1324a(b)), shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both.</continuation-text></subsection></section><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block> </section>
<section id="id383DCA8F334C4FCD92729F4D164DB8E4"><enum>107.</enum><header>Alternative imprisonment maximum for certain offenses</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Section 1547 of title 18, United States Code, is amended—</text>
<paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id8A80D0354AE549369B8B698C7830B3BD"><enum>(1)</enum><text>in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking <quote>(other than an offense under section 1545)</quote>;</text> </paragraph>
<paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id75426ED4BDB64F32B5AB250B0781E0C5"><enum>(2)</enum><text>in paragraph (1), by striking <quote>15</quote> and inserting <quote>20</quote>; and</text> </paragraph>
<paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id92EE7525A5E54454BC6F5FB68931589F"><enum>(3)</enum><text>in paragraph (2), by striking <quote>20</quote> and inserting <quote>25</quote>.</text> </paragraph></section>
<section id="id85E26DB1F88C44CDB1D5B613CBFEF715"><enum>108.</enum><header>Attempts, conspiracies, jurisdiction, and definitions</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Chapter 75 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding after section 1547 the following new sections:</text>
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<section id="ID5592C2E36AA544B6A1202F163FB6C98E"><enum>1548.</enum><header>Attempts and conspiracies</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Any person who attempts or conspires to violate any section of this chapter shall be punished in the same manner as a person who completed a violation of that section.</text> </section>
<section id="ID14A200D77D104E57898A5BC9C86CC125"><enum>1549.</enum><header>Additional jurisdiction</header>
<subsection id="ID15F839A2FC694FDCAD46294A0D6D3E1B"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In General</header><text>Any person who commits an offense under this chapter within the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United States shall be punished as provided under this chapter.</text> </subsection>
<subsection id="ID292559AAE9084A8F86AE3B72FECFC7EC"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Extraterritorial Jurisdiction</header><text>Any person who commits an offense under this chapter outside the United States shall be punished as provided under this chapter if—</text>
<paragraph id="ID1A8D2F098B5B4231A1357C0BD708C66D"><enum>(1)</enum><text>the offense involves a United States passport or immigration document (or any document purporting to be such a document) or any matter, right, or benefit arising under or authorized by Federal immigration laws;</text> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="IDF5BC0B7E3C6C42E6823D455483DE6C1D"><enum>(2)</enum><text>the offense is in or affects foreign commerce;</text> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="ID966408093C584FF8A658A8267AB3F962"><enum>(3)</enum><text>the offense affects, jeopardizes, or poses a significant risk to the lawful administration of Federal immigration laws, or the national security of the United States;</text> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="ID72B5829D3F8540E78D502108B4241987"><enum>(4)</enum><text>the offense is committed to facilitate an act of international terrorism (as defined in section 2331) or a drug trafficking crime (as defined in section 929(a)(2)) that affects or would affect the national security of the United States;</text> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="IDF2A2F04646C742B58DBDD0677A1606C0"><enum>(5)</enum><text>the offender is a national of the United States or an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence (as those terms are defined in section 101(a) of the <act-name parsable-cite="INA">Immigration and Nationality Act</act-name> (8 U.S.C. 1101(a))); or</text> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="IDC863626E526E46DB83226128E4CC2C96"><enum>(6)</enum><text>the offender is a stateless person whose habitual residence is in the United States.</text> </paragraph></subsection></section>
<section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id13C9F5CF3C804E938D6F09560E947090" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>1550.</enum><header display-inline="yes-display-inline">Authorized law enforcement activities</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Nothing in this chapter shall prohibit any lawfully authorized investigative, protective, or intelligence activity of a law enforcement agency of the United States, a State, or a political subdivision of a State, or an intelligence agency of the United States, or any activity authorized under title V of the Organized Crime Control Act of 1970 (Public Law 91–452; 84 Stat. 933).</text> </section>
<section id="IDFCD86B173BAE4AA3A1ED76B2FEA672B1"><enum>1551.</enum><header>Definitions</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">As used in this chapter:</text>
<paragraph id="idEF3701E96A0C4FBFADD6B49D7869B16D"><enum>(1)</enum><text>The term <quote>application for a United States passport</quote> includes any document, photograph, or other piece of evidence submitted in support of an application for a United States passport.</text> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="ID07D3540BC9EB4A3CBBF149B8010351E4"><enum>(2)</enum><text>The term <quote>false statement or representation</quote> includes a personation or an omission.</text> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="id0D4B04C1544B4F4D888C23DE8B9300F0"><enum>(3)</enum><text>The term <quote>immigration document</quote>—</text>
<subparagraph id="ID57bdec9d743141499d0744bda109f536"><enum>(A)</enum><text>means any application, petition, affidavit, declaration, attestation, form, visa, identification card, alien registration document, employment authorization document, border crossing card, certificate, permit, order, license, stamp, authorization, grant of authority, or other official document, arising under or authorized by the immigration laws of the United States; and</text> </subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="ID5cde83eb9b16486dbfa531ddb8d39a7f"><enum>(B)</enum><text>includes any document, photograph, or other piece of evidence attached to or submitted in support of an immigration document described in subparagraph (A).</text> </subparagraph></paragraph>
<paragraph id="idE95E5E6F5FF34CC3BE5456626B5A620C"><enum>(4)</enum><text>The term <term>immigration laws</term> includes—</text>
<subparagraph id="ID885044D798A44632B0387F981CDBB2EB"><enum>(A)</enum><text>the laws described in section 101(a)(17) of the <act-name parsable-cite="INA">Immigration and Nationality Act</act-name> (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(17));</text> </subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="IDE90609E7CC6140B6BD7BC032847387F0"><enum>(B)</enum><text>the laws relating to the issuance and use of passports; and</text> </subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="IDB14D52DC60C246E9BFD0079E26A38D66"><enum>(C)</enum><text>the regulations prescribed under the authority of any law described in subparagraph (A) or (B).</text> </subparagraph></paragraph>
<paragraph id="IDBBE7C622B10D473A92622CF52ADAFA09"><enum>(5)</enum><text>A person does not exercise <quote>lawful authority</quote> if the person abuses or improperly exercises lawful authority the person otherwise holds.</text> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="id82CABA4762754783963917808BD5C207"><enum>(6)</enum><text>The term <term>passport</term> means—</text>
<subparagraph id="id66F9AA1E032449CF93D7D67DDBB2731D"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">a travel document attesting to the identity and nationality of the bearer that is issued under the authority of the Secretary of State, a foreign government, or an international organization; or</text> </subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="idC552CE55436A4F12BB71FCA499DAC13E"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">any instrument purporting to be a document described in subparagraph (A).</text> </subparagraph></paragraph>
<paragraph id="IDA3032B7DF7E74D7080B0C91D11DE186E"><enum>(7)</enum><text>The term <term>produce</term> means to make, prepare, assemble, issue, print, authenticate, or alter.</text> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="idD491E87A6BB84BA5B6F6EB35960AF35B"><enum>(8)</enum><text>The term <quote>to present</quote> means to offer or submit for official processing, examination, or adjudication. Any such presentation continues until the official processing, examination, or adjudication is complete.</text> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="idB5C358B8620E4CB79A2B30FFE67481A0"><enum>(9)</enum><text>The <quote>use</quote> of a passport or an immigration document referred to in section 1541(a), 1543(b), 1544, 1546(a), and 1546(b) of this chapter includes—</text>
<subparagraph id="idFB69C64255054F3885DF6FF0F1D830D8"><enum>(A)</enum><text>any officially authorized use;</text> </subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="idAEE08B9132C44F8DA3D82DC8978A7FFD"><enum>(B)</enum><text>use to travel;</text> </subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="id57421DE15E0849FAA04A633FC932B0DE"><enum>(C)</enum><text>use to demonstrate identity, residence, nationality, citizenship, or immigration status;</text> </subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="id963B8A7902BD45C7A3D7FBB4784AC859"><enum>(D)</enum><text>use to seek or maintain employment; or</text> </subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="idE63E0A2DA2C2461BA4D13E5898A4253F"><enum>(E)</enum><text>use in any matter within the jurisdiction of the Federal government or of a State government.</text> </subparagraph></paragraph></section><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block> </section>
<section id="IDCF881F021D554505BF582D3DB1591917"><enum>109.</enum><header>Clerical amendment</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">The table of sections for chapter 75 of title 18, United States Code, is amended to read as follows:</text>
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<toc regeneration="no-regeneration">
<toc-entry level="section">Sec.</toc-entry>
<toc-entry level="section">1541. Trafficking in passports.</toc-entry>
<toc-entry level="section">1542. False statement in an application for a passport.</toc-entry>
<toc-entry level="section">1543. Forgery and unlawful production of a passport.</toc-entry>
<toc-entry level="section">1544. Misuse of a passport.</toc-entry>
<toc-entry level="section">1545. Schemes to defraud aliens.</toc-entry>
<toc-entry level="section">1546. Immigration and visa fraud.</toc-entry>
<toc-entry level="section">1547. Alternative imprisonment maximum for certain offenses.</toc-entry>
<toc-entry level="section">1548. Attempts and conspiracies.</toc-entry>
<toc-entry level="section">1549. Additional jurisdiction.</toc-entry>
<toc-entry level="section">1550. Authorized law enforcement activities.</toc-entry>
<toc-entry level="section">1550. Definitions.</toc-entry> </toc> <after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block> </section>
<enum>II</enum><header>Other reforms</header>
<section id="id371EBBFACC0B40BAA68D16BF3F2B1D8A"><enum>201.</enum><header>Directive to the United States Sentencing Commission</header>
<subsection id="idA7805B9D6BAB4118A59CB37BD3C40FC4"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Pursuant to the authority under section 994 of title 28, United States Code, the United States Sentencing Commission shall promulgate or amend the sentencing guidelines, policy statements, and official commentaries related to passport fraud offenses, including the offenses described in chapter 75 of title 18, United States Code, as amended by section 2, to reflect the serious nature of such offenses.</text> </subsection>
<subsection id="id5B4ACC10C32D4EE6B79220E7C7A0F7F6"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Report</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the United States Sentencing Commission shall submit to the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives a report on the implementation of this section.</text> </subsection></section>
<section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idDBA5456B21D0452280088376FD520F6C" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>202.</enum><header>Release and detention prior to disposition</header>
<subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id5959AEDF53E745C0AFDA19B2359549C7"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Detention</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Section 3142(e) of title 18, United States Code, is amended to read as follows:</text>
<quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id407604ECD4064B1FA0A8F07325824AAF" style="OLC">
<subsection id="ID32EA7E4B8A6542668D79E3A6AD821DE9"><enum>(e)</enum><header>Detention</header>
<paragraph commented="no" display-inline="yes-display-inline" id="id792E8B1C44504DAE883854DFB8FF17D7"><enum>(1)</enum><text>If, after a hearing pursuant to the provisions of subsection (f) of this section, the judicial officer finds that no condition or combination of conditions will reasonably assure the appearance of the person as required and the safety of any other person and the community, such judicial officer shall order the detention of the person before trial.</text> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="id45B5801EB69546D88DFE9A401B1B53F0" indent="up1"><enum>(2)</enum><text>In a case described in subsection (f)(1) of this section, a rebuttable presumption arises that no condition or combination of conditions will reasonably assure the safety of any other person and the community if such judicial officer finds that—</text>
<subparagraph id="ID173AD115C0544D86A0079A31737B4A3A"><enum>(A)</enum><text>the person has been convicted of a Federal offense that is described in subsection (f)(1) of this section, or of a State or local offense that would have been an offense described in subsection (f)(1) of this section if a circumstance giving rise to Federal jurisdiction had existed;</text> </subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="ID5A5236032D25476AB0E389A32B88CA35"><enum>(B)</enum><text>the offense described in subparagraph (A) of this paragraph was committed while the person was on release pending trial for a Federal, State, or local offense; and</text> </subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="ID84BE5DE25CC64EE5AC8E414AB86C750C"><enum>(C)</enum><text>a period of not more than five years has elapsed since the date of conviction, or the release of the person from imprisonment, for the offense described in subparagraph (A) of this paragraph, whichever is later.</text> </subparagraph></paragraph>
<paragraph id="idD6E0A2AD77854CFFA98BED6C6F96B37D" indent="up1"><enum>(3)</enum><text>Subject to rebuttal by the person, it shall be presumed that no condition or combination of conditions will reasonably assure the appearance of the person as required and the safety of the community if the judicial officer finds that there is probable cause to believe that the person committed an offense for which a maximum term of imprisonment of ten years or more is prescribed in the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 801 et seq.), the Controlled Substances Import and Export Act (21 U.S.C. 951 et seq.), or chapter 705 of title 46, an offense under section 924(c), 956(a), or 2332b of this title, or an offense listed in section 2332b(g)(5)(B) of this title for which a maximum term of imprisonment of 10 years or more is prescribed, or an offense involving a minor victim under section 1201, 1591, 2241, 2242, 2244(a)(1), 2245, 2251, 2251A, 2252(a)(1), 2252(a)(2), 2252(a)(3), 2252A(a)(1), 2252A(a)(2), 2252A(a)(3), 2252A(a)(4), 2260, 2421, 2422, 2423, or 2425 of this title.</text> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="IDfe69577f7907436984e2caa00567c1ed" indent="up1"><enum>(4)</enum><text>Subject to rebuttal by the person, it shall be presumed that no condition or combination of conditions will reasonably assure the appearance of the person as required if the judicial officer finds that there is probable cause to believe that the person—</text>
<subparagraph id="IDfd5baaeba84f4640ae5373f778b4760e"><enum>(A)</enum><text>is an alien; and</text> </subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="IDff63bbbafaf44ab4ab552e95ebb3ce0e"><enum>(B)</enum>
<clause commented="no" display-inline="yes-display-inline" id="idD96E948F81014BC4A23035D878B8E3D5"><enum>(i)</enum><text>has no lawful immigration status in the United States;</text> </clause>
<clause id="IDd294263aee3b4873b959536c87aeed6b" indent="up1"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>is the subject of a final order of removal; or</text> </clause>
<clause id="IDc2c5ad5e67df472980e84838997326a8" indent="up1"><enum>(iii)</enum><text>has committed a felony offense under chapter 75 of this title.</text> </clause></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block> </subsection>
<subsection id="IDcce92244d04543c09f5e59d4f8af0c5e"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Factors to be considered</header><text>Section 3142(g)(3) of title 18, United States Code, is amended—</text>
<paragraph id="id33FD093F28064680BBBC2E5AB5DFE048"><enum>(1)</enum><text>in subparagraph (A), by striking <quote>and</quote> at the end; and</text> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="IDfe3c1a485815466ca4c9d5376e034da5"><enum>(2)</enum><text>by adding at the end the following new subparagraph:</text>
<quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id644FAEA6120A4C0A92A4B2F7378EC3C1" style="OLC">
<subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id70D6A1F2074341ACBCAECF146F3A6C26"><enum>(C)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the person's immigration status; and</text> </subparagraph><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block> </paragraph></subsection></section>
<section id="ID5033C9C783A84C4AB8193A0C964122B2"><enum>203.</enum><header>Protection for legitimate refugees and asylum seekers</header>
<subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID67BB94E64F2A4D0A8072B1CBFDA7804F"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Protection for legitimate refugees and asylum seekers</header><text>The Attorney General, in consultation with the Secretary of Homeland Security, shall develop binding prosecution guidelines for Federal prosecutors to ensure that any prosecution of an alien seeking entry into the United States by fraud is consistent with the United States treaty obligations under Article 31(1) of the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, done at Geneva July 28, 1951 (as made applicable by the Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees, done at New York January 31, 1967 (19 UST 6223)).</text> </subsection>
<subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id61ADF891A9724DC29C4B4CB291BC6768"><enum>(b)</enum><header>No private right of action</header><text>The guidelines required by subsection (a), and any internal office procedures adopted pursuant thereto, are intended solely for the guidance of attorneys for the United States. This section, such guidelines, and the process for determining such guidelines are not intended to, do not, and may not be relied upon to create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law by any party in any administrative, civil, or criminal matter</text> </subsection></section>
<section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id124DB72438E649FAA5119AA6A7BF8986"><enum>204.</enum><header>Diplomatic security service</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Section 37(a)(1) of the State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C. 2709(a)(1)) is amended to read as follows:</text>
<quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id541F68F5142445F0B912F66184CFF7F7" style="OLC">
<paragraph id="IDf6e06881738d47448998f7056744b902"><enum>(1)</enum><text>conduct investigations concerning—</text>
<subparagraph id="ID375f447a0aa34989990f11ff66a949bc"><enum>(A)</enum><text>illegal passport or visa issuance or use;</text> </subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="ID7cda6ac8f0b3495d947a22b4ca98286b"><enum>(B)</enum><text>identity theft or document fraud affecting or relating to the programs, functions, and authorities of the Department of State;</text> </subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="ID00808c987dde414583f1ae053bdc1f68"><enum>(C)</enum><text>violations of chapter 77 of title 18, United States Code; and</text> </subparagraph>
<subparagraph id="IDa8105bdf23c24251bab7c363e0c9b177"><enum>(D)</enum><text>Federal offenses committed within the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction defined in paragraph (9) of section 7 of title 18, United States Code;</text> </subparagraph></paragraph><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block> </section>
<section id="idA853C365120F4087BA967FFE32F37F11"><enum>205.</enum><header>Uniform statute of limitations for certain immigration, passport, and naturalization offenses</header>
<subsection id="id71B64B5DF88847F683EFD4A91923D6E6"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text>Section 3291 of title 18, United States Code, is amended to read as follows:</text>
<quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id229AEFA37F5D414197D8EB2B38338C8A" style="USC">
<section id="id345DD40032AE4DF19A776A5038586F11"><enum>3291.</enum><header>Immigration, passport, and naturalization offenses</header>
<subsection id="IDb7e2ba5fe2ff4342a69c15116c4414cb"><enum></enum><text>No person shall be prosecuted, tried, or punished for a violation of any section of chapters 69 (relating to nationality and citizenship offenses) or 75 (relating to passport and visa offenses) of this title, or for an attempt or conspiracy to violate any such section, unless the indictment is returned or the information is filed within ten years after the commission of the offense.</text> </subsection></section><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block> </subsection>
<subsection id="IDCD9467E8273D409AA87A21C9448DC6BC"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Clerical Amendment</header><text>The table of sections for chapter 213 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking the item relating to section 3291 and inserting the following:</text>
<quoted-block id="ID33F99BEF71754DB291601B25EB1B98BD" style="OLC">
<toc regeneration="no-regeneration">
<toc-entry level="section">3291. Immigration, passport, and naturalization offenses</toc-entry> </toc> <after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block> </subsection></section>