1.This Act may be cited as
the Farmer Red Tape Reduction Act of
2008
.
2.Agricultural
regulatory flexibilityThe
Federal Crop Insurance Reform and Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act
of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6901 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the
following:
<enum>IV</enum><header>Agricultural
regulatory flexibility</header>
<section id="IDe65007ce9de94001b578433223ef2924"><enum>401.</enum><header>Definitions</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">In this title:</text>
<paragraph id="IDb3cf70b75de04ae494499fc164731337"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Agency</header><text>The
term <term>agency</term> has the meaning given the term in section 551 of title
5, United States Code.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="IDb142847905f7454fb724751f4952c760"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Agricultural
entity</header><text>The term <term>agricultural entity</term> means any person
or entity that has income derived from—</text>
<subparagraph id="id3E501D1C4BCE4F66B2B489CEEDCC23BB"><enum>(A)</enum><text>farming,
ranching, or forestry operations;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="idA434778204F542F2BCBD3624751B2EF8"><enum>(B)</enum><text>the production of
crops, livestock, or unfinished raw forestry products;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="id48CFAFCAB48144AFA25A30A59F262FDF"><enum>(C)</enum><text>the sale
(including the sale of easements and development rights) of farm, ranch, or
forest products, including water or hunting rights;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="idF52131623C9A4473B837A5DC6B1B5E2E"><enum>(D)</enum><text>the sale of
equipment to conduct farming, ranching, or forestry operations;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="id892A7FA6D05A486392760CD2AE38AC84"><enum>(E)</enum><text>the rental or
lease of land used for farming, ranching, or forestry operations, including
water or hunting rights;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="idF7B4789283FC43A9A4A07835533AC47D"><enum>(F)</enum><text>the provision of
production inputs or services to farmers, ranchers, or foresters;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="id58EFB29812A346B781060B2036E429F6"><enum>(G)</enum><text>the processing
(including packing), storing (including shedding), or transporting of farm,
ranch, or forestry products; or</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="id20FA6AA1045F44769EA1630D0D8D8B40"><enum>(H)</enum><text>the sale of land
used for agriculture.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="idE41E444F81DB4E8D9D158B868112CBD2"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Chief Counsel
for Advocacy</header><text>The term <term>Chief Counsel for Advocacy</term>
means the Chief Counsel for Advocacy of the Office of Advocacy of the
Department of Agriculture appointed under section 413(b).</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID1401f643520d4bfaa23438360e20b847"><enum>(4)</enum><header>Collection of
information</header>
<subparagraph id="idD6698ACB6059481CABE302C6FFE40760"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>The term <term>collection of information</term> means
obtaining, causing to be obtained, soliciting, or requiring the disclosure to
third parties or the public, of facts or opinions by or for an agency,
regardless of form or format, calling for—</text>
<clause id="ID7d313a6b5e444c819fff9127244ab9ca"><enum>(i)</enum><text>answers to
identical questions posed to, or identical reporting or recordkeeping
requirements imposed on, 10 or more persons, other than agencies,
instrumentalities, or employees of the United States; or</text>
</clause><clause id="IDf87b7bc271c34978ad902d54752e28f9"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>answers to
questions posed to agencies, instrumentalities, or employees of the United
States that are to be used for general statistical purposes.</text>
</clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="ID14fadb02615e4be5bc23a967039b4b75"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Exclusion</header><text>The
term <term>collection of information</term> does not include collection of
information described in section 3518(c)(1) of title 44, United States
Code.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="ID2c77b608a8b14894a50673ea4d54e4b2"><enum>(5)</enum><header>Recordkeeping
requirement</header><text>The term <term>recordkeeping requirement</term> means
a requirement imposed by an agency on persons to maintain specified
records.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID07fa314993444b6aa86b59843638197c"><enum>(6)</enum><header>Rule</header>
<subparagraph id="idC7BBE03D61274C17B6EACB7B031EB91C"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>The term <term>rule</term> means any rule for which an
agency publishes a general notice of proposed rulemaking pursuant to section
553(b) of title 5, United States Code, or any other law.</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="id5BC811BBA6234B3688AD151CBD47BFC6"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Inclusion</header><text>The
term <term>rule</term> includes any rule of general applicability governing
Federal grants to State and local governments for which an agency provides an
opportunity for notice and public comment.</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="id33BB8B8FBECB4855AE7AF3DAF5734FC8"><enum>(C)</enum><header>Exclusions</header><text>The
term <term>rule</term> does not include a rule of particular applicability
relating to—</text>
<clause id="id9580E26460924E2B87320B4052247504"><enum>(i)</enum><text>rates, wages,
corporate or financial structures or reorganizations of the structures, prices,
facilities, appliances, services, or allowances; or</text>
</clause><clause id="id5EBD0A1DBF834D2F886630D420963E0B"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>valuations,
costs, accounting, or practices relating to those rates, wages, structures,
prices, facilities, appliances, services, or allowances.</text>
</clause></subparagraph></paragraph></section><section id="ID4b0ea388a0894f759cb171c69da9ff27"><enum>402.</enum><header>Agricultural
regulatory flexibility agenda</header>
<subsection id="IDb63202a07c674118bbdeb9eb19dddc35"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>During the months of October and April of each year, each
agency shall publish in the Federal Register an agricultural regulatory
flexibility agenda that shall contain—</text>
<paragraph id="IDae4e980adf874d91b89de4822a822506"><enum>(1)</enum><text>a brief
description of the subject area of any rule that the agency expects to propose
or promulgate that is likely to have a significant economic impact on a
substantial number of agricultural entities;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID7c966baaa2c4420a90ba19f83f0bc5c6"><enum>(2)</enum><text>a summary
of—</text>
<subparagraph id="idD7663DDB006846759C15030C54DDFC64"><enum>(A)</enum><text>the nature of the
rule under consideration for each subject area listed in the agenda under
paragraph (1);</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="id8286455AC4E94193B89C72FBEBC2E920"><enum>(B)</enum><text>the objectives
and legal basis for the issuance of the rule; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="id73793D9395F94F5AAA2FA1EF3284AB38"><enum>(C)</enum><text>an approximate
schedule for completing action on any rule for which the agency has issued a
general notice of proposed rulemaking; and</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="IDc8e34958be9a401a96b3ad1cd2f4d248"><enum>(3)</enum><text>the name and
telephone number of an agency official who is knowledgeable concerning the rule
described in paragraph (1).</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="IDbb9a491baf0742079d930fe696732d84"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Notice and
comment by Chief Counsel for Advocacy</header><text>Each agency shall transmit
the agricultural regulatory flexibility agenda of the agency to the Chief
Counsel for Advocacy for any comment.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="IDbc266268ac4f4ae5a9a070a7824a33b6"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Notice and
comment by agricultural entities</header><text>Each agency shall, to the
maximum extent practicable—</text>
<paragraph id="idD7335752BFA64D759322052F7E5EDAF1"><enum>(1)</enum><text>provide notice of
each agricultural regulatory flexibility agenda to agricultural entities or the
representatives of agricultural entities through direct notification or
publication of the agenda in publications likely to be obtained by the
agricultural entities; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="id259DC9E15B7D4836A3DE8A2DEB83D874"><enum>(2)</enum><text>invite comments
on each subject area on the agenda.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="idF871F7AE8E2D405BA5D34DD2CE23C9C6"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Administration</header><text>Nothing
in this section—</text>
<paragraph id="idC555E36C49904A33AA5DF0CBFBE44735"><enum>(1)</enum><text>precludes an
agency from considering or acting on any matter not included in an agricultural
regulatory flexibility agenda; or</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="id1AB685FF60764C988AB56CAB58012A04"><enum>(2)</enum><text>requires an
agency to consider or act on any matter listed in the agenda.</text>
</paragraph></subsection></section><section id="ID9aa0ff6287b34ada895a0cf4fb221916"><enum>403.</enum><header>Initial
agricultural regulatory flexibility analysis</header>
<subsection id="ID52a1e0429a8441ac95101347b6af813b"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>If an agency is required by section 553 of title 5,
United States Code, or any other law, to publish general notice of proposed
rulemaking for any proposed rule, or publishes a notice of proposed rulemaking
for an interpretative rule involving the internal revenue laws of the United
States, the agency shall prepare and make available for public comment an
initial agricultural regulatory flexibility analysis of the proposed rule that
describes the impact of the proposed rule on agricultural entities.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="idA76F127DF29144BF94ED95E2A3D61C4E"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Publication</header><text>The
agency shall publish the initial agricultural regulatory flexibility analysis
or a summary of the analysis in the Federal Register at the time of the
publication of general notice of proposed rulemaking for the rule.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="id6C96C5459EC94DECBCAFB7EF7BF5D93B"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Notice and
comment by Chief Counsel for Advocacy</header><text>The agency shall transmit a
copy of the initial agricultural regulatory flexibility analysis to the Chief
Counsel for Advocacy for any comment.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="idE4BC02D7DC1E4A2392E5E88E22906A5A"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Interpretative
rules</header><text>In the case of an interpretative rule that involves the
internal revenue laws of the United States, this title applies to
interpretative rules published in the Federal Register for codification in the
Code of Federal Regulations only to the extent that the interpretative rule
impose on agricultural entities a collection of information requirement.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="IDb17ccada641c4afaa92f0f15310b139c"><enum>(e)</enum><header>Contents</header><text>Each
initial agricultural regulatory flexibility analysis of an agency for a
proposed rule required under this section shall contain—</text>
<paragraph id="IDb50b434433fc4ac9a34c57c79dd9035c"><enum>(1)</enum><text>a description of
the reasons why action by the agency is being considered;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="IDaa6902da208f454088d2c36cdae1e263"><enum>(2)</enum><text>a succinct
statement of the objectives of, and legal basis for, the proposed rule;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="IDb27b32da18924aa0961993ca92a75b6b"><enum>(3)</enum><text>a description of
and, if feasible, an estimate of the number of agricultural entities to which
the proposed rule will apply;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="IDd620e2f48d4042129ae452e9dd77d796"><enum>(4)</enum><text>a description of
the projected reporting, recordkeeping, and other compliance requirements of
the proposed rule, including an estimate of the classes of agricultural
entities that will be subject to the requirement and the type of professional
skills necessary for preparation of the report or record; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID5271398aba6b405f930ca3ab861362a8"><enum>(5)</enum><text>an
identification, to the maximum extent practicable, of all relevant Federal
rules that may duplicate, overlap, or conflict with the proposed rule.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="ID4dc43ac8e1d0495bb88be81cab504a55"><enum>(f)</enum><header>Alternatives</header>
<paragraph id="id8A48DEAA44F5419BA7198C2CD14EF45D"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>Each initial agricultural regulatory flexibility analysis
of an agency for a proposed rule shall contain a description of any significant
alternatives to the proposed rule that—</text>
<subparagraph id="idD41F0AA91285449595796BBB0766ECCB"><enum>(A)</enum><text>accomplish the
purposes of the applicable law; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="idF5CFD3267B7740169DE2C47535C4E30E"><enum>(B)</enum><text>minimize any
significant economic impact of the proposed rule on agricultural
entities.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="id74F92DF2A68540DC8D12CFAB0FC9683F"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Types of
alternatives</header><text>Consistent with the purposes of the applicable law,
the analysis shall discuss significant alternatives such as—</text>
<subparagraph id="IDfc6bb8b0b4064f3993b691e2fdf74664"><enum>(A)</enum><text>the establishment
of differing compliance or reporting requirements or timetables that take into
account the resources available to agricultural entities;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="IDd295ea5e10534e039b71ae8ddf808d45"><enum>(B)</enum><text>the
clarification, consolidation, or simplification of compliance and reporting
requirements under the rule for agricultural entities;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="IDfdc4a17feade425682e4d7d11090870f"><enum>(C)</enum><text>the use of
performance rather than design standards; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="IDa2df4c20d5e348a88c020898dfadbc7b"><enum>(D)</enum><text>an exemption from
coverage of the rule, or any part of the rule, for agricultural
entities.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph></subsection></section><section id="IDacc92f1503324774a5deb4d8a2f5741d"><enum>404.</enum><header>Final
agricultural regulatory flexibility analysis</header>
<subsection id="ID494d0ce8ac444ea78aaeb3f30510e9d5"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>If an agency promulgates a final rule under section 553
of title 5, United States Code, after being required by that section or any
other law to publish a general notice of proposed rulemaking, or promulgates a
final interpretative rule involving the internal revenue laws of the United
States as described in section 403(a), the agency shall prepare a final
agricultural regulatory flexibility analysis of the final rule that describes
the impact of the final rule on agricultural entities.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="id5C4D9EC879FC456D881342FEFDF8F22B"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Contents</header><text>Each
final agricultural regulatory flexibility analysis of an agency for a final
rule required under this section shall contain—</text>
<paragraph id="ID7a9f2f86aa1d4c5688b48855b1274db6"><enum>(1)</enum><text>a succinct
statement of the need for, and objectives of, the rule;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="IDecda12eb341a424d92fb415d8b305f77"><enum>(2)</enum><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="yes-display-inline" id="id17673E63D9AD497786C5297EFA830DAD"><enum>(A)</enum><text>a summary of the
significant issues raised by the public comments in response to the initial
agricultural regulatory flexibility analysis;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="id5E6F98F54A3845F498B31E225DF12C26" indent="up1"><enum>(B)</enum><text>a summary of the assessment of the
agency of the issues; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="idBB11DFECE0C54BBD806084C861652A07" indent="up1"><enum>(C)</enum><text>a statement of any changes made in the
proposed rule as a result of the comments;</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="ID2e21fb888b404170ba798d07edf61d2d"><enum>(3)</enum><text>a description of
and an estimate of the number of agricultural entities to which the rule will
apply or an explanation of why no such estimate is available;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID574e4bc0fc244ba093448026535c8a74"><enum>(4)</enum><text>a description of
the projected reporting, recordkeeping, and other compliance requirements of
the rule, including an estimate of the classes of agricultural entities that
will be subject to the requirements and the type of professional skills
necessary for preparation of the report or record; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="IDc237741f1daf44ed8be12f313df4729d"><enum>(5)</enum><text>a description of
the steps the agency has taken to minimize the significant economic impact on
agricultural entities consistent with the purposes of applicable law, including
a statement of—</text>
<subparagraph id="idFB0FB38205214594BA6478AF1A1C6809"><enum>(A)</enum><text>the factual,
policy, and legal reasons for selecting the alternative adopted in the final
rule; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="idEFF65BFD248A4D3C9DF6E8CF036E45E8"><enum>(B)</enum><text>why each 1 of the
other significant alternatives to the rule considered by the agency that affect
the impact on agricultural entities was rejected.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="IDb18017a7e255480295b46e92ece73078"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Public
availability</header><text>The agency shall—</text>
<paragraph id="id4A806CBD70C04BA5A592C8EDD2B09907"><enum>(1)</enum><text>make copies of
the final agricultural regulatory flexibility analysis available to members of
the public; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="id126C23369A334F369AFA4F7BC63136B1"><enum>(2)</enum><text>publish in the
Federal Register the analysis or a summary of the analysis.</text>
</paragraph></subsection></section><section id="ID551d2d1a134144cdab3bb97fcdd2e0b3"><enum>405.</enum><header>Avoidance of
duplicative or unnecessary analysis</header>
<subsection id="ID2241f28e7a524de4877808da83f0157f"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Other agenda or
analysis</header><text>An agency may perform the analyses required by section
402, 403, or 404 in conjunction with or as a part of any other agenda or
analysis required by any other law if the other analysis meets the requirements
of that section.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="ID569bd856633e4065ac6762ce96abc075"><enum>(b)</enum><header>No significant
economic impact on agricultural entities</header>
<paragraph id="idAE416FAC94AD41D6B2BA64A62395377E"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>Sections 403 and 404 shall not apply to a proposed or
final rule of an agency if the head of the agency certifies that the rule will
not, if promulgated, have a significant economic impact on a substantial number
of agricultural entities.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="id76F57A06EE514FE0891ED11A01573471"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Publication of
certification</header><text>If the head of the agency makes a certification
under subsection (a), at the time of publication of general notice of proposed
rulemaking for the rule or at the time of publication of the final rule, the
agency shall publish in the Federal Register the certification and a statement
providing the factual basis for the certification.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="id382F92BD27B648BEA908D827FC41FACD"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Notice and
comment by Chief Counsel for Advocacy</header><text>The agency shall provide
the certification and statement to the Chief Counsel for Advocacy for
comment.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="ID3a1a5b1785a94fa891dd5ec3c3181d06"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Closely related
rules</header><text>In order to avoid duplicative action, an agency may
consider a series of closely related rules as 1 rule for the purposes of
sections 402, 403, 404, and 410.</text>
</subsection></section><section id="IDdb5053c4345f47a88e40034ce7c4710a"><enum>406.</enum><header>Effect on
other law</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">The requirements of
sections 403 and 404 do not alter any standards otherwise applicable by law to
agency action.</text>
</section><section id="IDf02c75c3fa9d4b43be360c2cc52a9ac7"><enum>407.</enum><header>Preparation of
analyses</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">In complying with
sections 403 and 404, an agency may provide—</text>
<paragraph id="idC4D5045A7C7D4AEA86FBBE385FB47FAC"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">a quantifiable or numerical description of
the effects of a proposed rule or alternatives to the proposed rule; or</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="id8CE6775352294E39AF9AD9F4B99D1545"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">more general descriptive statements, if
quantification is not practicable or reliable.</text>
</paragraph></section><section id="IDcc89046e5b3a45f5a278a997709177a5"><enum>408.</enum><header>Waiver or
delay of completion</header>
<subsection id="ID10e398b852a842079ae68f1b84e5117c"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Initial
agricultural regulatory flexibility analysis</header><text>An agency head may
waive or delay the completion of all or part of the requirements of section 403
for a proposed rule by publishing in the Federal Register, not later than the
date of publication of the proposed rule, a written finding, with a statements
of the reasons for the finding, that the final rule is being promulgated in
response to an emergency that makes compliance or timely compliance with
section 403 impracticable.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="ID8b603c43b54d4ec9b3ae08cc3749d00b"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Final
agricultural regulatory flexibility analysis</header>
<paragraph id="idD24D32BD3F484C4DBBA75EBBC10A30FD"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>Except as provided in section 405(b), an agency head may
not waive the requirements of section 404 for a final rule.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="id130EEC7A8E9444CCB39AD464000C68A6"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Delayed
completion</header><text>An agency head may delay the date for complying with
section 404 for a final rule for a period of not more than 180 days after the
date of publication in the Federal Register of the final rule by publishing in
the Federal Register, not later than the date of publication of the final rule,
a written finding, with a statement of the reasons for the finding, that the
final rule is being promulgated in response to an emergency that makes timely
compliance with section 104 impracticable.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="idD7CC02A8FD8E4FCAB37ECD858960EEF7"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Effect of
noncompliance</header><text>If the agency has not prepared a final agricultural
regulatory analysis for a final rule pursuant to section 404 within 180 days
after the date of publication of the final rule—</text>
<subparagraph id="id8BE04B97946B4CF79C8E33BF20D5A02C"><enum>(A)</enum><text>the rule shall
lapse and have no effect; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="id7CC2B0E20456490F9FD7EA64BD44EA83"><enum>(B)</enum><text>the rule shall
not be repromulgated until a final regulatory flexibility analysis has been
completed by the agency.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph></subsection></section><section id="IDc249b6f68e3c4b2a82b2df1acfaa3ff4"><enum>409.</enum><header>Comments</header>
<subsection id="ID5ced56d7b708451ebda60b16ca5588cf"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Definition of
covered agency</header><text>In this section, the term <term>covered
agency</term> means—</text>
<paragraph id="idA171F49EDE894553A6B57AC04D744B2F"><enum>(1)</enum><text>the Environmental
Protection Agency; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="id68E72B3D4773474BBDCEAFA960D220F3"><enum>(2)</enum><text>the Department of
the Interior.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="ID563c722b012a41328d20482cd1237a9e"><enum>(b)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>If a rule is promulgated that will have a significant
economic impact on a substantial number of agricultural entities, the head of
the agency promulgating the rule or the official of the agency with statutory
responsibility for the promulgation of the rule shall ensure that agricultural
entities are given an opportunity to participate in the rulemaking for the rule
through the use of techniques such as—</text>
<paragraph id="ID26bb58f73d1b4ef5bcc3275650664b35"><enum>(1)</enum><text>the inclusion in
an advanced notice of proposed rulemaking, if issued, of a statement that the
proposed rule may have a significant economic effect on a substantial number of
agricultural entities;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="IDc0cc547785c24ce2b4197bc9e16f4f68"><enum>(2)</enum><text>the publication
of general notice of proposed rulemaking in publications likely to be obtained
by agricultural entities;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="IDb195bad3c6c646c3b9f9c76c2c50866e"><enum>(3)</enum><text>the direct
notification of interested agricultural entities;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="IDfb4350fe779b467eb5882896ac56b268"><enum>(4)</enum><text>the conduct of
open conferences or public hearings concerning the rule for agricultural
entities, including soliciting and receiving comments over computer networks;
and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID4071722413c649e6add0d155e3b2cc23"><enum>(5)</enum><text>the adoption or
modification of agency procedural rules to reduce the cost or complexity of
participation in the rulemaking by agricultural entities.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="IDcd3f9844998d4dd3b5b8398f3106e5bd"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Requirements
for covered agencies</header><text>Prior to publication of an initial
agricultural regulatory flexibility analysis for a proposed rule that a covered
agency is required to conduct under this title—</text>
<paragraph id="ID045c9c64958a456b9d0fa9d25db510ef"><enum>(1)</enum><text>the covered
agency shall—</text>
<subparagraph id="id6DA21CD1846C46789FEE1126D436B9D5"><enum>(A)</enum><text>notify the Chief
Counsel for Advocacy of the proposed rule; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="id6B97C509643D41D29DBD05F33A06FCDD"><enum>(B)</enum><text>provide the Chief
Counsel for Advocacy with information on the potential impact of the proposed
rule on agricultural entities;</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="ID686977fd44a54856aef77f3d1207974f"><enum>(2)</enum><text>not later than 15
days after the date of receipt of the materials described in paragraph (1), the
Chief Counsel for Advocacy shall identify individuals representative of
affected agricultural entities for the purpose of obtaining advice and
recommendations from those individuals on the potential impact of the proposed
rule;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID8260254a43cc4da5abc744627084c59e"><enum>(3)</enum><text>the covered
agency shall convene a review panel for the proposed rule consisting of—</text>
<subparagraph id="idEB5C7FB6BCF6452FB56DD7E54F37B0D4"><enum>(A)</enum><text>full-time Federal
employees of the office within the covered agency responsible for carrying out
the proposed rule;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="idE529CE208D39489BB84058357B09274C"><enum>(B)</enum><text>the Office of
Information and Regulatory Affairs of the Office of Management and Budget;
and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="idDFF95D29ED8C44488EBB884E5622364E"><enum>(C)</enum><text>the Chief Counsel
for Advocacy;</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="IDebd67c0e6d1b4398a96a6c7a010ab5d7"><enum>(4)</enum><text>the panel
convened under paragraph (3) for the proposed rule of a covered agency
shall—</text>
<subparagraph id="id327CF072E2364C9CB2AD6C762C6B2D37"><enum>(A)</enum><text>review any
material the covered agency has prepared in connection with the proposed rule,
including any draft proposed rule;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="idAF553D76423F41E986944283127F556A"><enum>(B)</enum><text>collect advice
and recommendations of each individual agricultural entity representative
identified by the covered agency, after consultation with the Chief Counsel for
Advocacy, on issues related to paragraphs (3), (4), and (5) of subsection (b),
and subsection (c), of section 403(e); and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="IDe1480a671ba94a7cac601f771bd00bad"><enum>(C)</enum><text>not later than 60
days after the date the panel is convened, submit to the covered agency a
report on—</text>
<clause id="idF4B50248C7F44446B5793E5EAE25C626"><enum>(i)</enum><text>the comments of
the agricultural entity representatives; and</text>
</clause><clause id="idA3E60B6498F44F4EA142E036D27E1E09"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>the findings of
the panel on issues related to paragraphs (3), (4), and (5) of subsection (b),
and subsection (c), of section 403(e); and</text>
</clause></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="id3A6068452018465C9A0102F5D5C4F20B"><enum>(5)</enum><text>the covered
agency shall—</text>
<subparagraph id="idCA145999354C4D8793643D8C50AA18E1"><enum>(A)</enum><text>make the report
provided under paragraph (4)(C) public as part of the rulemaking record;
and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="ID83b4ae1584994bd5b48368985970589b"><enum>(B)</enum><text>if appropriate,
modify—</text>
<clause id="idB53BFFFC01704B44B58E12AC8C121043"><enum>(i)</enum><text>the proposed
rule;</text>
</clause><clause id="idDEA0945E2B7E4F839CD4AC79F38D0C4F"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>the initial
agricultural flexibility analysis; or</text>
</clause><clause id="idF114B61A11204EEB85DB86E2FA04E558"><enum>(iii)</enum><text>the decision on
whether an initial flexibility analysis is required.</text>
</clause></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="IDff5ef76c9b084ba291c49e2602b45b6b"><enum>(d)</enum><header>No significant
economic impact on agricultural entities</header><text>A covered agency may
apply subsection (c) to rules that the covered agency—</text>
<paragraph id="idDE483DB8AD724C04AF2A219B13CA9B6F"><enum>(1)</enum><text>intends to
certify under subsection 405(b); but</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="idDBE720510AD747F5B0195FB7E9656949"><enum>(2)</enum><text>believes may have
a greater than de minimis impact on a substantial number of agricultural
entities.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="IDe47ad916f14b40429c48bfb545ff787d"><enum>(e)</enum><header>Waivers</header>
<paragraph id="id401C4E7E071B4486A288308AC58F5B71"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>The Chief Counsel for Advocacy, in consultation with the
individuals described in subsection (c)(2) and the Administrator of the Office
of Information and Regulatory Affairs of the Office of Management and Budget,
may waive the requirements of paragraphs (3), (4), and (5) of subsection (c) by
including in the rulemaking record a written finding, with a statement of the
reasons for the finding, that those requirements would not advance the
effective participation of agricultural entities in the rulemaking
process.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="id6C905EB2D37E4FD29D1755829BC0E4D7"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Factors</header><text>In
making a determination on a proposed rule of a covered agency under this
subsection, the Chief Counsel for Advocacy shall consider—</text>
<subparagraph id="IDaf7a06dc044546fab68547b05d6de877"><enum>(A)</enum><text>in developing the
proposed rule, the extent to which the covered agency—</text>
<clause id="idC46F70C3D32B4010850EFF95111DDA0F"><enum>(i)</enum><text>consulted with
individuals representative of affected agricultural entities with respect to
the potential impact of the proposed rule; and</text>
</clause><clause id="idAB529DB98D2B47219CD1F827E23EB977"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>took those
concerns into consideration;</text>
</clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="ID3a817251831147fc95c1cc51c92de55d"><enum>(B)</enum><text>special
circumstances requiring prompt issuance of the rule; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="IDc7dbdd94570d4e2bb453f1804d30baef"><enum>(C)</enum><text>whether the
requirements of subsection (c) would provide the individuals described in
subsection (b)(2) with a competitive advantage relative to other agricultural
entities.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph></subsection></section><section id="ID55167d0d2978474d95983427a6a3d752"><enum>410.</enum><header>Periodic
review of rules</header>
<subsection id="ID34066ed5dc7b4f1ab65fe6acf8043798"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Plan for
periodic review of rules</header>
<paragraph id="idF95768983E824B6482FF37AE9364B2C1"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of
this title, each agency shall publish in the Federal Register a plan for the
periodic review of the rules issued by the agency that have or will have a
significant economic impact on a substantial number of agricultural
entities.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="idBFD8261E112E41C69EA1531F4F6C522B"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Amendments</header><text>The
agency may amend the plan by publishing the amendment in the Federal
Register.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="idCD63C16E89DF43CEAE43623C71F5CFF4"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Purpose of
review</header><text>The purpose of the review shall be to determine whether
the rules should be continued without change, or should be amended or
rescinded, consistent with the purposes of applicable law, to minimize any
significant economic impact of the rules on a substantial number of
agricultural entities.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="idEBB32F0178424D5FA79023033B353F26"><enum>(4)</enum><header>Timetable</header><text>Subject
to paragraph (5), the plan shall provide for—</text>
<subparagraph id="idC9800E94AACA46FD91995263D5BCC116"><enum>(A)</enum><text>the review of all
such agency rules existing on the date of enactment of this title not later
than 10 years after that date of enactment; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="idF696B9D2C41A4BC3A3821B4CCA7F514F"><enum>(B)</enum><text>the review of
each rule adopted after the date of enactment of this title not later than 10
years after the date of the publication of the rule as the final rule.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="idD241B92606AC4A629E58771754F8FCC1"><enum>(5)</enum><header>Extension</header><text>If
the head of the agency determines that completion of the review of existing
rules is not feasible by the date required under paragraph (4), the head of the
agency—</text>
<subparagraph id="id22905F87E1F34C7DACEC83D34114056D"><enum>(A)</enum><text>shall certify the
determination in a statement published in the Federal Register; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="id5612127F4DC24C9DAEB374063838E144"><enum>(B)</enum><text>may extend the
completion date by 1 year at a time for a total of not more than 5
years.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="IDf99eb1970ccc497e8ecda1e89502156e"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Factors for
minimizing impact</header><text>In reviewing rules to minimize any significant
economic impact of a rule on a substantial number of agricultural entities in a
manner consistent with the purposes of applicable law, the agency shall
consider—</text>
<paragraph id="ID57ba8702a666428588793cb175c25778"><enum>(1)</enum><text>the continued
need for the rule;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID83164d3b14f243a4a55392a6d645eba1"><enum>(2)</enum><text>the nature of
complaints or comments received concerning the rule from the public;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID0e5775eebb494b14afe8ea67cc969b79"><enum>(3)</enum><text>the complexity of
the rule;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID52ddd61b26b74b4ba920281aca7f098b"><enum>(4)</enum><text>the extent to
which the rule overlaps, duplicates, or conflicts with other Federal rules,
and, to the maximum extent feasible, with State and local governmental rules;
and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID118cee429e02457d8346a69b709b198e"><enum>(5)</enum><text>the length of
time since the rule has been evaluated or the degree to which technology,
economic conditions, or other factors have changed in the area affected by the
rule.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="ID6243a9c34c1743f083c1cdfcaf7c4c40"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Publication of
list of rules</header>
<paragraph id="id78F3EC6554CF4E64BDEE7BFD1BB00B19"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>Each year, each agency shall publish in the Federal
Register a list of the rules that have a significant economic impact on a
substantial number of agricultural entities, which are to be reviewed pursuant
to this section during the succeeding 1-year period.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="id62674EDD5E6142168837CF854774BF61"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Content</header><text>The
list shall include a brief description of each rule and the need for and legal
basis of the rule.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="id2B32835BD0A549D0BC289E65E6032FF1"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Public
comments</header><text>The agency shall invite public comment on the
rule.</text>
</paragraph></subsection></section><section id="ID32b983ca1d7d4c5cb977b5e05a7cdf1c"><enum>411.</enum><header>Judicial
review</header>
<subsection id="idD1B0FECA18A64BB6A5C46892A4ECF7F6"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>In the case of any rule subject to this title, an
agricultural entity that is adversely affected or aggrieved by final agency
action may seek judicial review, of agency compliance with—</text>
<paragraph id="id18AC265ACB0D49AEBAC8C701C42B50E4"><enum>(1)</enum><text>sections 404,
405(b), 408(b), and 410, in accordance with chapter 7 of title 5, United States
Code; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="id68338412BCEF46E29347D9CF29D8E63D"><enum>(2)</enum><text>sections 407 and
409(a), in connection with judicial review of section 404.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="id2A1E398AAB7147899369926C98B144E1"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Jurisdiction</header><text>Each
court having jurisdiction to review a rule for compliance with section 553,
United States Code, or under any other provision of law, shall have
jurisdiction to review any claim of noncompliance with—</text>
<paragraph id="id5516A4F07C9544318B6D1B3AD9CF11FA"><enum>(1)</enum><text>section 404,
405(b), 108(b), and 110 in accordance with chapter 7 of title 5, United States
Code; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="id5BD366D57CB244A9A69FCC2A0CB70418"><enum>(2)</enum><text>sections 407 and
409(a), in connection with judicial review of section 404.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="idE563EF76E57048478B339FB30B0F8597"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Timing</header>
<paragraph id="idD91683FAEA74420CBE4B1A31FDFB86DA"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, an
agricultural entity may seek review under this section during—</text>
<subparagraph id="idAAB5BD4514C143378E7E4A53AC515D2A"><enum>(A)</enum><text>the 1-year period
beginning on the date of final agency action; or</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="id1BC24F9D24574D27B500842DF6ADC1F4"><enum>(B)</enum><text>if a provision of
law requires that an action challenging a final agency action be commenced
before the expiration of that 1-year, during the period established under the
provision of law.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="id9FA4695A61214A3F8482A0DC168ED151"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Final
agricultural regulatory flexibility analysis</header><text>If an agency delays
the issuance of a final agricultural flexibility analysis pursuant to section
408(b), an action for judicial review under this section shall be filed not
later than—</text>
<subparagraph id="id64C7852883534CC79EDE0FE104DB003E"><enum>(A)</enum><text>1 year after the
date the analysis is made available to the public; or</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="id902D8B2557C447B89C6824A4B2063880"><enum>(B)</enum><text>if a provision of
law requires that an action challenging a final agency regulation be commenced
before the expiration of the 1-year period, the number of days specified in the
provision of law that is after the date the analysis is made available to the
public.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="id1A164A17E13B4C089E66D12DC46EC9CE"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Relief</header><text>In
granting any relief in an action under this section, the court shall order the
agency to take corrective action consistent with this title and chapter 7 of
title 5, United States Code, including—</text>
<paragraph id="idB7C615F3C4F940E1B74AF0923863C9ED"><enum>(1)</enum><text>remanding the
rule to the agency; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="idF58F3A6EFA2E49069474EA1E993E3FA7"><enum>(2)</enum><text>deferring the
enforcement of the rule against agricultural entities unless the court finds
that continued enforcement of the rule is in the public interest.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="idDBC7B94BB5164C578BA56E4078C75AF9"><enum>(e)</enum><header>Effective date
of rule</header><text>Nothing in this subsection limits the authority of any
court to stay the effective date of any rule or provision of any rule under any
other provision of law or to grant any other relief in addition to the relief
authorized under this section.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="IDdd42b99cf02e4437840056c1e6d49467"><enum>(f)</enum><header>Agricultural
flexibility analysis</header><text>In an action for the judicial review of a
rule, the agricultural flexibility analysis for the rule (including an analysis
prepared or corrected pursuant to subsection (d)) shall constitute part of the
entire record of agency action in connection with the review.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="ID84c1fbea646a45099bc3027fb8831906"><enum>(g)</enum><header>Sole means of
review</header><text>Compliance or noncompliance by an agency with this title
shall be subject to judicial review only in accordance with this
section.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="IDc51846411536443a9640fd0e0ac42b39"><enum>(h)</enum><header>Other impact
statements</header><text>Nothing in this section bars judicial review of any
other impact statement or similar analysis required by any other law if
judicial review of the statement or analysis is otherwise permitted by
law.</text>
</subsection></section><section id="ID28cb044cd3d84272ab40d5fe3b6174f6"><enum>412.</enum><header>Reports and
intervention rights</header>
<subsection id="ID64c883a3b9114e7dae6c7bbf18ed81c1"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Monitoring and
reporting</header><text>The Chief Counsel for Advocacy shall—</text>
<paragraph id="idB8645C87C6ED455595DF039A8EAD73CD"><enum>(1)</enum><text>monitor agency
compliance with this title; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="id8DB31ABE1E15429A8258B3797CA1A35A"><enum>(2)</enum><text>report at least
annually to the President and to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of
Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry of the
Senate on agency compliance with this title.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="ID7641fad6f6b54a9e831fb3cc8831ddd2"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Intervention</header>
<paragraph id="idC8F7B4263F2A4A099011424A8066B97A"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>The Chief Counsel for Advocacy may appear as amicus
curiae in any action brought in a court of the United States to review a
rule.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="idE9DD0CF9992C4EC8A49E54CF3A517813"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Views</header><text>In
any action described in paragraph (1), the Chief Counsel for Advocacy may
present the views of the Chief Counsel for Advocacy with respect to—</text>
<subparagraph id="idDC0BA0F4E2CA4542982F234C7271398A"><enum>(A)</enum><text>compliance with
this title;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="id3DA0799E8A1844DB990E41D459F3ACAE"><enum>(B)</enum><text>the adequacy of
the rulemaking record with respect to agricultural entities; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="id109B40257EA349869ADE8A7C63CD9AC1"><enum>(C)</enum><text>the effect of the
rule on agricultural entities.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="ID0c8ecef6a7614a5da2095f6eeeeb5a8e"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Granting of
application</header><text>A court of the United States shall grant the
application of the Chief Counsel for Advocacy to appear in any action under
this subsection for the purposes described in paragraph (2).</text>
</paragraph></subsection></section><section id="IDe2e4da8de0394776b2d1c96884ec8451"><enum>413.</enum><header> Office of
Advocacy of the Department of Agriculture</header>
<subsection id="idA4D57EB0EBC14AD183EE400D1DBFED3B"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Establishment</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">There is established within the Department
of Agriculture an Office of Advocacy of the Department of Agriculture.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="id06F92D1CAFEC4E24A60FF4EBABB28524"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Chief Counsel
for Advocacy</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The management
of the Office shall be vested in a Chief Counsel for Advocacy who shall be a
private citizen appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent
of the Senate.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="idC284542136D043E8B9B1F4D61C755AE3"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Primary
functions</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The primary
functions of the Office of Advocacy shall be—</text>
<paragraph id="id4461283E4BC846FF84F69DDDDF7074B5"><enum>(1)</enum><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="yes-display-inline" id="id28A37130454741ABA678FE184F7A2DF2"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">to measure the direct costs and other
effects of government regulation on agricultural entities; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="idEA471F17C8644C47B21E2C0CD50996B4" indent="up1"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">to
make legislative and nonlegislative proposals for eliminating excessive or
unnecessary regulations of agricultural entities;</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="ID2443a54b4c7d446cb12a1f98b77c0bab"><enum>(2)</enum><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="yes-display-inline" id="id891C6F2AD6D7483A844C6EEA5C46B6FE"><enum>(A)</enum><text>to study the ability of
financial markets and institutions to meet agricultural entity credit needs;
and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="idD1F9C3EA629F4A32B80112D1B2A752C6" indent="up1"><enum>(B)</enum><text>to determine the impact of government
demands for credit on agricultural entities;</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="IDaa42647395a64a93b27b5e5f3d7cfc10"><enum>(3)</enum><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="yes-display-inline" id="id69297F79F9E04295B61FCEF05CF3ECA6"><enum>(A)</enum><text>to recommend specific
measures for creating an environment in which all agricultural entities will
have the opportunity to compete effectively and expand to the full potential of
agricultural entities; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="id21970BF549154E61BE2D7595C5B724E6" indent="up1"><enum>(B)</enum><text>to ascertain the common reasons, if
any, for agricultural entity successes and failures; and</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="ID418ef3bfb47e4036b1e41cbb70365abc"><enum>(4)</enum><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="yes-display-inline" id="id88EA49EB2A814773B434D8C709BC5220"><enum>(A)</enum><text>to evaluate the efforts
of each department and agency of the United States, and of private industry, to
assist agricultural entities owned and controlled by veterans, and agricultural
entities concerns owned and controlled by serviced-disabled veterans;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="id1BCA52462D914ADEA2B6631660A1BB30" indent="up1"><enum>(B)</enum><text>to provide statistical information on
the use of the programs by the agricultural entities; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="id751C3CA46B2C4B578F7AAE20FB2767CF" indent="up1"><enum>(C)</enum><text>to make appropriate recommendations to
the Secretary and to Congress in order to promote the establishment and growth
of those agricultural entities.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="id5BE2ABD325E1486EAF58C46A426D5CE0"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Additional
duties</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Office of Advocacy
shall—</text>
<paragraph id="idA536228B7C3F4ED89C3523D26E66BB9E"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">serve as a focal point for the receipt of
complaints, criticisms, and suggestions concerning the policies and activities
of the President and any other Federal agency that affects agricultural
entities;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID7dfc0bcd7eb1491bbd3641ed2c6acac0"><enum>(2)</enum><text>counsel
agricultural entities on how to resolve questions and problems concerning the
relationship of the agricultural entity to the Federal Government;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="IDa8fb2331bba04f299b47d3ea52f5ba72"><enum>(3)</enum><text>develop proposals
for changes in the policies and activities of any agency of the Federal
Government that will better fulfill the purposes of agricultural entities and
communicate the proposals to the appropriate Federal agencies;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="IDc7802b15a16f4b74950511b57e1e0732"><enum>(4)</enum><text>represent the
views and interests of agricultural entities before other Federal agencies
whose policies and activities may affect agricultural entities; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="IDe6a8c67d7fac41b0a15401c2c8ddbc7d"><enum>(5)</enum><text>enlist the
cooperation and assistance of public and private agencies, businesses, and
other organizations in disseminating—</text>
<subparagraph id="idB9EA74C400084965ACF7419EBC1C3A67"><enum>(A)</enum><text>information about
the programs and services provided by the Federal Government that are of
benefit to agricultural entities; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="idDA14390EB427482CBB3F8AD1FDE0C5CA"><enum>(B)</enum><text>information on
how agricultural entities can participate in or make use of the programs and
services.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph></subsection></section>.