[Congressional Bills 110th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 2155 Introduced in Senate (IS)]







110th CONGRESS
  1st Session
                                S. 2155

To amend the Energy Policy Act of 1992 to encourage the development of 
 clean energy technologies for deployment in markets abroad, to assist 
  the Department of Energy's promotion of research and development of 
  clean and efficient energy systems, to encourage the Department of 
   Energy and other Federal agencies to work together to improve the 
    advancement of sustainable energy use and reduce greenhouse gas 
                   emissions, and for other purposes.


_______________________________________________________________________


                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                            October 4, 2007

   Mr. Byrd introduced the following bill; which was read twice and 
             referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
To amend the Energy Policy Act of 1992 to encourage the development of 
 clean energy technologies for deployment in markets abroad, to assist 
  the Department of Energy's promotion of research and development of 
  clean and efficient energy systems, to encourage the Department of 
   Energy and other Federal agencies to work together to improve the 
    advancement of sustainable energy use and reduce greenhouse gas 
                   emissions, and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``International Clean Energy 
Technologies Deployment and Global Energy Markets Investment Act of 
2007''.

SEC. 2. INTERNATIONAL CLEAN ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES DEPLOYMENT AND GLOBAL 
              ENERGY MARKETS INVESTMENT.

    Title XXI of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (Public Law 102-486; 106 
Stat. 3067) is amended by adding at the end the following new subtitle:

 ``Subtitle D--International Clean Energy Technologies Deployment and 
                    Global Energy Markets Investment

``SEC. 2131. PURPOSES.

    ``The purposes of this subtitle are--
            ``(1) to facilitate the export of clean energy technologies 
        to developing countries;
            ``(2) to retain and create manufacturing and related 
        service jobs in the United States;
            ``(3) to reduce the trade deficit of the United States 
        through the export of United States energy technologies, 
        technological expertise, and project development and 
        deployment;
            ``(4) to promote sustainable economic development, increase 
        access to modern energy services, reduce greenhouse gas 
        emissions, and strengthen energy security and independence in 
        developing countries through the deployment of clean energy 
        technologies in partnership with the private sector;
            ``(5) to ensure that activities funded under this subtitle 
        contribute to economic growth, poverty reduction, good 
        governance, the rule of law, property rights, safety and 
        development best practices, and environmental protection; and
            ``(6) to authorize funds for clean energy development 
        activities in developing countries.

``SEC. 2132. DEFINITIONS.

    ``In this subtitle:
            ``(1) Clean energy technology.--The term `clean energy 
        technology' means an energy supply or end-use technology that, 
        over its lifecycle and compared to a similar technology already 
        in commercial use in any developing country--
                    ``(A) is reliable, affordable, economically viable, 
                socially acceptable, and compatible with the needs and 
                norms of the host country;
                    ``(B) results in--
                            ``(i) reduced emissions of greenhouse 
                        gases;
                            ``(ii) increased geological sequestration; 
                        or
                            ``(iii) increased energy efficiency; and
                    ``(C) may--
                            ``(i) substantially lower emissions of air 
                        pollutants; and
                            ``(ii) generate substantially smaller or 
                        less hazardous quantities of solid or liquid 
                        waste.
            ``(2) Developing country.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The term `developing country' 
                means any country not listed in Annex I of the United 
                Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, done at 
                New York May 9, 1992.
                    ``(B) Inclusion.--The term `developing country' may 
                include a country with an economy in transition, as 
                determined by the Secretary of State.
            ``(3) Geological sequestration.--The term `geological 
        sequestration' means the capture and long-term storage in a 
        geological formation of a greenhouse gas from an energy 
        producing facility, which prevents the release of greenhouse 
        gases into the atmosphere.
            ``(4) Greenhouse gas.--The term `greenhouse gas' means--
                    ``(A) carbon dioxide;
                    ``(B) methane;
                    ``(C) nitrous oxide;
                    ``(D) hydrofluorocarbons;
                    ``(E) perfluorocarbons; and
                    ``(F) sulfur hexafluoride.
            ``(5) Institution of higher education.--The term 
        `institution of higher education' has the meaning given the 
        term in section 101(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 
        U.S.C. 1001(a)).
            ``(6) Interagency working group.--The term `Interagency 
        Working Group' means the Interagency Working Group on Clean 
        Energy Technology Exports established under section 
        2136(b)(1)(A).
            ``(7) National laboratory.--The term `National Laboratory' 
        means any of the following laboratories owned by the Department 
        of Energy:
                    ``(A) Ames Laboratory.
                    ``(B) Argonne National Laboratory.
                    ``(C) Brookhaven National Laboratory.
                    ``(D) Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory.
                    ``(E) Idaho National Laboratory.
                    ``(F) Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
                    ``(G) Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.
                    ``(H) Los Alamos National Laboratory.
                    ``(I) National Energy Technology Laboratory.
                    ``(J) National Renewable Energy Laboratory.
                    ``(K) Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
                    ``(L) Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.
                    ``(M) Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory.
                    ``(N) Sandia National Laboratories.
                    ``(O) Savannah River National Laboratory.
                    ``(P) Stanford Linear Accelerator Center.
                    ``(Q) Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator 
                Facility.
            ``(8) Qualifying project.--The term `qualifying project' 
        means a project meeting the criteria established under section 
        2134(c).
            ``(9) State.--The term `State' means--
                    ``(A) a State;
                    ``(B) the District of Columbia;
                    ``(C) the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico; and
                    ``(D) any other territory or possession of the 
                United States.
            ``(10) Task force.--The term `Task Force' means the Task 
        Force on International Clean Energy Cooperation established 
        under section 2136(a).
            ``(11) United states.--The term `United States', when used 
        in a geographical sense, means all of the States.

``SEC. 2133. CLEAN ENERGY ASSISTANCE TO DEVELOPING COUNTRIES.

    ``(a) In General.--Subject to section 2135, the Secretary of 
Energy, in coordination with the Secretary of State and the 
Administrator of the United States Agency for International 
Development, shall provide assistance for activities in developing 
countries that are consistent with the priorities established in the 
strategy.
    ``(b) Assistance.--The assistance may be provided through--
            ``(1) the Millennium Challenge Corporation established 
        under section 604(a) of the Millennium Challenge Act of 2003 
        (22 U.S.C. 7703(a));
            ``(2) the Global Village Energy Partnership; and
            ``(3) other international assistance programs or activities 
        of--
                    ``(A) the Department of Energy;
                    ``(B) the Department of State;
                    ``(C) the United States Agency for International 
                Development; and
                    ``(D) other Federal agencies.
    ``(c) Eligible Activities.--The activities supported under this 
section include--
            ``(1) development of national action plans and policies 
        to--
                    ``(A) facilitate the provision of clean energy 
                services and the adoption of energy efficiency 
                measures;
                    ``(B) identify linkages between the use of clean 
                energy technologies and the provision of agricultural, 
                transportation, water, health, educational, and other 
                development-related services; and
                    ``(C) integrate the use of clean energy 
                technologies into national strategies for economic 
                growth, poverty reduction, and sustainable development;
            ``(2) strengthening of public and private sector capacity 
        to--
                    ``(A) assess clean energy needs and options;
                    ``(B) identify opportunities to reduce, avoid, or 
                sequester greenhouse gas emissions;
                    ``(C) establish enabling policy frameworks;
                    ``(D) develop and access financing mechanisms; and
                    ``(E) monitor progress in implementing clean energy 
                and greenhouse gas reduction strategies;
            ``(3) enactment and implementation of market-favoring 
        measures to promote commercial-based energy service provision 
        and to improve the governance, efficiency, and financial 
        performance of the energy sector; and
            ``(4) development and use of innovative public and private 
        mechanisms to catalyze and leverage financing for clean energy 
        technologies, including use of the development credit authority 
        of the United States Agency for International Development and 
        credit enhancements through the Export-Import Bank and the 
        Overseas Private Investment Corporation.

``SEC. 2134. PILOT PROGRAM FOR DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS.

    ``(a) In General.--Not later than 2 years after the date of the 
enactment of the International Clean Energy Technologies Deployment and 
Global Energy Markets Investment Act of 2007, the Secretary of Energy, 
in consultation with the Secretary of State and the Administrator of 
the United States Agency for International Development, shall, by 
regulation, establish a pilot program that provides financial 
assistance for qualifying projects consistent with the strategy and the 
performance criteria established under section 2135.
    ``(b) Demonstration Projects.--The pilot program shall include 
demonstration projects that showcase clean energy technologies, 
including clean coal, small or advanced nuclear, small or advanced 
hydropower, biofuels, renewable, and energy efficiency technologies. 
Each clean energy technology shall be included in at least one 
demonstration project under the pilot program.
    ``(c) Qualifying Projects.--To be qualified to receive assistance 
under this section, a project shall--
            ``(1) be a project--
                    ``(A) to construct an energy production facility in 
                a developing country for the production of energy to be 
                consumed in the developing country; or
                    ``(B) to improve the efficiency of energy use in a 
                developing country;
            ``(2) be a project that--
                    ``(A) is submitted by a firm of the United States 
                to the Secretary of Energy in accordance with 
                procedures established by the Secretary by regulation;
                    ``(B) meets the requirements of section 1608(k);
                    ``(C) uses technology that has been successfully 
                developed or deployed in the United States; and
                    ``(D) is selected by the Secretary of Energy 
                without regard to the developing country in which the 
                project is located, with notice of the selection 
                published in the Federal Register; and
            ``(3) when deployed, result in a greenhouse gas emission 
        reduction (when compared to the technology that would otherwise 
        be deployed) of at least--
                    ``(A) in the case of a unit or energy-efficiency 
                measure placed in service during the period beginning 
                on the date of the enactment of the International Clean 
                Energy Technologies Deployment and Global Energy 
                Markets Investment Act of 2007 and ending on December 
                31, 2011, 20 percentage points;
                    ``(B) in the case of a unit or energy-efficiency 
                measure placed in service during the period beginning 
                on January 1, 2012, and ending on December 31, 2021, 40 
                percentage points; and
                    ``(C) in the case of a unit or energy-efficiency 
                measure placed in service after December 31, 2021, 60 
                percentage points.
    ``(d) Financial Assistance.--
            ``(1) In general.--For each qualifying project selected by 
        the Secretary of Energy to participate in the pilot program, 
        the Secretary shall make a loan or loan guarantee available for 
        not more than 50 percent of the total cost of the project.
            ``(2) Interest rate.--The interest rate on a loan made 
        under this subsection shall be equal to the current average 
        yield on outstanding obligations of the United States with 
        remaining periods of maturity comparable to the maturity of the 
        loan.
            ``(3) Host country contribution.--To be eligible for a loan 
        or loan guarantee for a project in a host country under this 
        subsection, the host country shall--
                    ``(A) make at least a 10 percent contribution 
                toward the total cost of the project; and
                    ``(B) verify to the Secretary of Energy (using the 
                methodology established under section 2137(c)(7)) the 
                quantity of annual greenhouse gas emissions reduced, 
                avoided, or sequestered as a result of the deployment 
                of the project.
            ``(4) Capacity building research.--
                    ``(A) In general.--A proposal made for a qualifying 
                project may include a research component intended to 
                build technological capacity within the host country.
                    ``(B) Research.--To be eligible for a loan or loan 
                guarantee under this paragraph, the research shall--
                            ``(i) be related to the technology being 
                        deployed; and
                            ``(ii) involve--
                                    ``(I) an institution in the host 
                                country; and
                                    ``(II) a participant from the 
                                United States that is an industrial 
                                entity, an institution of higher 
                                education, or a National Laboratory.
                    ``(C) Host country contribution.--To be eligible 
                for a loan or loan guarantee for research in a host 
                country under this paragraph, the host country shall 
                make at least a 50 percent contribution toward the 
                total cost of the research.

``SEC. 2135. PERFORMANCE CRITERIA FOR MAJOR ENERGY CONSUMERS.

    ``(a) Identification of Major Energy Consumers.--Not later than 1 
year after the date of enactment of the International Clean Energy 
Technologies Deployment and Global Energy Markets Investment Act of 
2007, the Task Force shall identify those developing countries that, by 
virtue of present and projected energy consumption, represent the 
predominant share of energy use among developing countries.
    ``(b) Performance Criteria.--As a condition of accepting assistance 
provided under sections 2133 or 2134, any developing country identified 
under subsection (a) shall--
            ``(1) meet the eligibility criteria established under 
        section 607 of the Millennium Challenge Act of 2003 (22 U.S.C. 
        7706), notwithstanding the eligibility of the developing 
        country as a candidate country under section 606 of that Act 
        (22 U.S.C. 7705); and
            ``(2) agree to establish and report on progress in meeting 
        specific goals for reduced energy-related greenhouse gas 
        emissions and specific goals for--
                    ``(A) increased access to clean energy services 
                among unserved and underserved populations;
                    ``(B) increased use of renewable energy resources;
                    ``(C) increased use of lower greenhouse gas-
                emitting fossil fuel-burning technologies;
                    ``(D) more efficient production and use of energy;
                    ``(E) greater reliance on advanced energy 
                technologies;
                    ``(F) the sustainable use of traditional energy 
                resources; or
                    ``(G) other goals for improving energy-related 
                environmental performance, including improving local 
                air and water quality and reducing or eliminating solid 
                waste contaminants.

``SEC. 2136. ORGANIZATION.

    ``(a) Task Force.--
            ``(1) Establishment.--Not later than 90 days after the date 
        of enactment of the International Clean Energy Technologies 
        Deployment and Global Energy Markets Investment Act of 2007, 
        the President shall establish a Task Force on International 
        Clean Energy Technologies Cooperation.
            ``(2) Composition.--The Task Force shall be composed of 
        representatives, appointed by the head of the respective 
        Federal agency, of--
                    ``(A) the Council on Environmental Quality;
                    ``(B) the Department of Energy;
                    ``(C) the Department of Commerce;
                    ``(D) the Department of the Treasury;
                    ``(E) the Department of State;
                    ``(F) the Environmental Protection Agency;
                    ``(G) the United States Agency for International 
                Development;
                    ``(H) the Export-Import Bank;
                    ``(I) the Overseas Private Investment Corporation;
                    ``(J) the Trade and Development Agency;
                    ``(K) the Small Business Administration;
                    ``(L) the Office of the United States Trade 
                Representative; and
                    ``(M) other Federal agencies, as determined by the 
                President.
            ``(3) Chairperson.--The President shall designate one of 
        the representatives appointed under paragraph (2) to serve as 
        the Chairperson of the Task Force.
            ``(4) Duties.--
                    ``(A) Lead agency.--The Task Force shall act as the 
                lead agency in the development and implementation of 
                the strategy required under section 2137.
                    ``(B) Coordination and implementation.--The Task 
                Force shall support the coordination and implementation 
                of programs under sections 1331, 1332, and 1608.
            ``(5) Termination.--The Task Force, including any working 
        group established by the Task Force, shall terminate 12 years 
        after the date of the enactment of the International Clean 
        Energy Technologies Deployment and Global Energy Markets 
        Investment Act of 2007.
    ``(b) Working Groups.--
            ``(1) Establishment.--The Task Force--
                    ``(A) shall establish an Interagency Working Group 
                on Clean Energy Technology Exports; and
                    ``(B) may establish other working groups as 
                necessary to carry out this subtitle.
            ``(2) Composition of interagency working group.--The 
        Interagency Working Group shall be composed of--
                    ``(A) the Secretary of Energy, the Secretary of 
                Commerce, and the Administrator of the United States 
                Agency for International Development, who shall jointly 
                serve as Chairpersons; and
                    ``(B) other members, as determined by the 
                Chairperson of the Task Force.
            ``(3) Activities.--In support of the development, 
        deployment, and transfer of clean energy technologies developed 
        or demonstrated in the United States, the Interagency Working 
        Group shall coordinate the resources and relevant programs of 
        its members to ensure the export and application of clean 
        energy technologies pursuant to sections 2133 and 2134, and to 
        take advantage of other opportunities where such clean energy 
        technologies may be exported from the United States and 
        deployed or applied in other countries.
            ``(4) Areas of responsibility.--The members of the 
        Interagency Working Group shall have the following 
        responsibilities:
                    ``(A) Chairpersons.--The chairpersons of the 
                Interagency Working Group shall be responsible for 
                identifying opportunities for clean energy 
                technologies, including for providing and coordinating 
                support for clean energy technology exports and 
                implementing necessary export finance mechanisms for 
                clean energy technologies.
                    ``(B) Secretary of energy.--The Secretary of Energy 
                shall focus on activities that provide opportunities in 
                foreign countries--
                            ``(i) to demonstrate and deploy clean 
                        energy technologies for new generating capacity 
                        or to retrofit or replace existing generation 
                        facilities;
                            ``(ii) to improve procedures, processes, 
                        and methodologies for operating power 
                        generation facilities;
                            ``(iii) to lower the intensity of end use 
                        through energy efficiency upgrades; and
                            ``(iv) to address other risk factors that 
                        are market barriers.
                    ``(C) Secretary of commerce.--The Secretary of 
                Commerce shall--
                            ``(i) focus on activities that help create 
                        opportunities to export clean energy 
                        technologies through the elimination of trade 
                        barriers and tariffs for necessary products in 
                        foreign countries and the adoption of policy 
                        reforms and legal structure necessary to 
                        support the use of clean energy technologies 
                        developed or demonstrated in the United States; 
                        and
                            ``(ii) address other risk factors that are 
                        market barriers.
                    ``(D) Administrator of the united states agency for 
                international development.--The Administrator of the 
                United States Agency for International Development 
                shall--
                            ``(i) promote policy reforms to encourage 
                        the use of clean energy technologies developed 
                        or demonstrated in the United States;
                            ``(ii) conduct resource assessments for the 
                        various types of clean energy technologies; and
                            ``(iii) address other risk factors that are 
                        market barriers.
    ``(c) Interagency Center.--There shall be established an 
Interagency Center to help carry out the activities of the Interagency 
Working Group. The Interagency Center shall be located at a site agreed 
upon by the chairpersons with the approval of the representatives of 
the Task Force.

``SEC. 2137. STRATEGY.

    ``(a) Initial Strategy.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
        enactment of the International Clean Energy Technologies 
        Deployment and Global Energy Markets Investment Act of 2007, 
        the Task Force shall develop and submit to the President a 
        strategy to--
                    ``(A) support the development and implementation of 
                programs, policies, and initiatives in developing 
                countries to promote the adoption and deployment of 
                clean energy technologies and energy efficiency 
                technologies and strategies, with an emphasis on those 
                developing countries that are expected to experience 
                the most significant growth in energy production and 
                use over the next 20 years;
                    ``(B) open and expand clean energy technology 
                markets and facilitate the export of clean energy 
                technology to developing countries, in a manner 
                consistent with the subsidy codes of the World Trade 
                Organization;
                    ``(C) integrate into the foreign policy objectives 
                of the United States the promotion of--
                            ``(i) clean energy technology deployment 
                        and reduced greenhouse gas emissions in 
                        developing countries; and
                            ``(ii) clean energy technology exports;
                    ``(D) establish a pilot program that provides 
                financial assistance for qualifying activities, 
                partnerships, or projects; and
                    ``(E) develop financial mechanisms and instruments 
                (including securities that mitigate the political and 
                foreign exchange risks of uses that are consistent with 
                the foreign policy of the United States by combining 
                the private sector market and government enhancements) 
                that--
                            ``(i) are cost-effective; and
                            ``(ii) facilitate private capital 
                        investment in clean energy technology projects 
                        in developing countries.
            ``(2) Transmission to congress.--On receiving the strategy 
        from the Task Force under paragraph (1), the President shall 
        transmit to Congress the strategy.
    ``(b)  Updates.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than 3 years after the date of 
        submission of the initial strategy under subsection (a)(1), and 
        every 4 years thereafter--
                    ``(A) the Task Force shall--
                            ``(i) review and update the strategy; and
                            ``(ii) report the results of the review and 
                        update to the President; and
                    ``(B) the President shall submit to Congress a 
                report on the strategy.
            ``(2) Inclusions.--The report shall include--
                    ``(A) the updated strategy;
                    ``(B) a description of the assistance provided 
                under this subtitle;
                    ``(C) the results of the pilot projects carried out 
                under this subtitle, including a comparative analysis 
                of the relative merits of each pilot project;
                    ``(D) the activities and progress reported by 
                developing countries to the Department of Energy under 
                section 2135(b)(2); and
                    ``(E) the activities and progress reported towards 
                meeting the goals established under section 2135(b)(2).
    ``(c) Content.--In developing, updating, and submitting a report on 
the strategy, the Task Force shall--
            ``(1) assess--
                    ``(A) energy trends, energy needs, and potential 
                energy resource bases in developing countries; and
                    ``(B) the implications of the trends and needs for 
                domestic and global economic and security interests;
            ``(2) analyze technology, policy, and market opportunities 
        for international development, demonstration, and deployment of 
        clean energy technologies and strategies;
            ``(3) examine relevant trade, tax, finance, international, 
        and other policy issues to assess what policies, in the United 
        States and in developing countries, would help open markets and 
        improve clean energy technology exports of the United States in 
        support of--
                    ``(A) enhancing energy innovation and cooperation, 
                including energy sector and market reform, capacity 
                building, and financing measures;
                    ``(B) improving energy end-use efficiency 
                technologies (including buildings and facilities) and 
                vehicle, industrial, and co-generation technology 
                initiatives; and
                    ``(C) promoting energy supply technologies, 
                including fossil, nuclear, hydroelectric, and renewable 
                technology initiatives;
            ``(4) investigate issues associated with building capacity 
        to deploy clean energy technology in developing countries, 
        including--
                    ``(A) energy-sector reform;
                    ``(B) creation of open, transparent, and 
                competitive markets for clean energy technologies;
                    ``(C) the availability of trained personnel to 
                deploy and maintain clean energy technology; and
                    ``(D) demonstration and cost-buydown mechanisms to 
                promote first adoption of clean energy technology;
            ``(5) establish priorities for promoting the diffusion and 
        adoption of clean energy technologies and strategies in 
        developing countries, taking into account economic and security 
        interests of the United States and opportunities for the export 
        of technology of the United States;
            ``(6) identify the means of integrating the priorities 
        established under paragraph (5) into bilateral, multilateral, 
        and assistance activities and commitments of the United States;
            ``(7) establish methodologies for the measurement, 
        monitoring, verification, and reporting under section 
        2135(b)(2) of the greenhouse gas emission impacts of clean 
        energy projects and policies in developing countries;
            ``(8) establish a registry that is accessible to the public 
        through electronic means (including through the Internet) in 
        which information reported under section 2135(b)(2) shall be 
        collected;
            ``(9) make recommendations to the heads of appropriate 
        Federal agencies on ways to streamline Federal programs and 
        policies to improve the role of the agencies in the 
        international development, demonstration, and deployment of 
        clean energy technology;
            ``(10) make assessments and recommendations regarding the 
        distinct technological, market, regional, and stakeholder 
        challenges necessary to deploy clean energy technology;
            ``(11) recommend conditions and criteria that will help 
        ensure that funds provided by the United States promote sound 
        energy policies in developing countries while simultaneously 
        opening their markets and exporting clean energy technology of 
        the United States;
            ``(12) establish an advisory committee, composed of 
        representatives of the private sector and other interested 
        groups, on the export and deployment of clean energy 
        technology;
            ``(13) establish a coordinated mechanism for disseminating 
        information to the private sector and the public on clean 
        energy technologies and clean energy technology transfer 
        opportunities; and
            ``(14) monitor the progress of each Federal agency in 
        promoting the purposes of this subtitle, in accordance with--
                    ``(A) the Five-Year Strategic Plan of the Clean 
                Energy Technology Exports Initiative submitted to 
                Congress in October 2002; and
                    ``(B) other applicable law.

``SEC. 2138. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    ``(a) Interagency Center.--There is authorized to be appropriated 
for the Interagency Center $3,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2008 
through 2020.
    ``(b) International Clean Energy Deployment and Global Energy 
Markets Investment.--There is authorized to be appropriated, in 
addition to the amounts authorized under subsection (a), $20,000,000 
for each of fiscal years 2008 through 2020 to carry out activities 
under this subtitle.''.
                                 <all>