[Congressional Bills 110th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H. Res. 1316 Engrossed in House (EH)]


                In the House of Representatives, U. S.,

                                                        August 1, 2008.
Whereas the Landing Ship Tank (LST) was the military designation for naval 
        vessels created during World War II to support amphibious operations by 
        carrying significant quantities of vehicles, cargo, and landing troops 
        directly onto an unimproved shore;
Whereas the British evacuation from Dunkirk in 1940 demonstrated to the British 
        Admiralty that the Allied Forces needed relatively large, ocean-going 
        ships, capable of the shore-to-shore delivery of tanks, other vehicles, 
        and troops for amphibious assault upon the continent of Europe;
Whereas at their first meeting at the Atlantic Conference in August 1941, 
        President Franklin D. Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston 
        Churchill agreed with the Admiralty about the need for improved ships 
        that could land on and retract off a beach;
Whereas in 3 separate acts, dated February 6, 1942, May 26, 1943, and December 
        17, 1943, Congress provided the authority for the construction of LSTs;
Whereas 1,051 LST amphibious craft were constructed during World War II;
Whereas 70 percent of LSTs were built at inland shipyards on the Illinois and 
        Ohio Rivers, mainly by female construction, welding, and assembly line 
        workers;
Whereas the first LST, commissioned on October 27, 1942, was a 328-foot ship 
        with unique characteristics of bow doors and a ramp to transport troops, 
        a reduced forward draft of fewer than 4 feet for successful beaching, 9 
        knot speed, a flat bottom, and equipped with 20-millimeter and 40-
        millimeter guns on the upper and main decks;
Whereas the LST saw action in every theater of World War II, receiving the 
        second most battle stars after Destroyers, and mission flexibility was 
        its hallmark;
Whereas the multiple missions performed by the LSTs included not only the 
        amphibious landings of troops, vehicles, and other materiel, but also 
        serving as motor torpedo boat tenders, battle damage repair ships, 
        aircraft engine repair ships, mini-aircraft carriers, launch craft for 
        fixed wing reconnaissance aircraft, and medical care;
Whereas LSTs led the D-Day evacuation of 41,035 wounded men back across the 
        English Channel from the Normandy beaches;
Whereas World War II naval historian Samuel Eliot Morison described the LST as 
        the ``most useful all-around craft invented by the Navy'';
Whereas during World War II, Navy and Coast Guard sailors manned the LST from 
        the ships' combat debut in the Solomon Islands in June 1943 until the 
        end of hostilities in August 1945;
Whereas LSTs were involved in the invasions of Sicily, Italy, Normandy, and 
        southern France;
Whereas LSTs served as an essential element in the island-hopping campaigns in 
        the Pacific Theater, including the liberation of the Philippines and the 
        capture of Iwo Jima and Okinawa;
Whereas the brave sailors serving on the LSTs survived typhoons and other harsh 
        weather, attacks by kamikaze planes and enemy submarines, ocean mines, 
        and the dangers and stress of combat;
Whereas the Navy's amphibious forces rolled out tons of equipment and thousands 
        of men onto the beaches at Normandy, France, in June of 1944, leading 
        the way for the massive Allied invasion that wrested Europe from the 
        power of the Nazis;
Whereas the LSTs and the sailors who manned them continued to provide amphibious 
        landing and other services for 57 years following World War II, serving 
        in the Inchon Landing and other operations during the Korean war, the 
        Vietnam war, the 1974 refugee evacuations from Vietnam, Operation Sea 
        Angel to provide humanitarian assistance to Bangladesh, Operation Desert 
        Shield, Operation Desert Storm, and Operation Restore Hope in Somalia;
Whereas several thousand surviving Navy and Coast Guard World War II veterans 
        are members of the United States LST Association, headquartered in 
        Oregon, Ohio;
Whereas members of the United States LST Association and the USS LST Ship 
        Memorial, Inc., successfully secured legislation that allowed for the 
        retransfer of the LST 325 from Greece and volunteered members to go to 
        Greece in 2000 to restore and refurbish the LST 325;
Whereas World War II-era LST veterans sailed the LST 325 from Greece to the 
        United States, arriving in Mobile, Alabama, on January 10, 2001;
Whereas the LST 325 is 1 of only 2 World War II-era LSTs to be preserved in the 
        United States, and volunteers with the USS LST Ship Memorial have 
        converted the LST 325 into an operational museum and memorial ship based 
        in Evansville, Indiana, to preserve the historic legacy of these ships 
        and honor the men who bravely served their country aboard LSTs;
Whereas the LST 325 has sailed over 9,000 miles and visited 13 cities since 
        returning to the United States, and is scheduled to sail up the 
        Mississippi River in August 2008; and
Whereas the Navy decommissioned the last LST, the USS Frederick (LST 1184), at a 
        ceremony at Naval Station Pearl Harbor on October 5, 2002: Now, 
        therefore, be it
    Resolved, That the House of Representatives--
            (1) recognizes the essential role played by Landing Ship Tanks 
        (LSTs) during World War II, the Korean war, the Vietnam war, Operation 
        Desert Shield, Operation Desert Storm, and many other military and 
        humanitarian operations;
            (2) honors the service of the Navy and Coast Guard sailors who 
        bravely served their country aboard the LSTs;
            (3) acknowledges the debt modern amphibious operations owe to the 
        LST sailors and ships in pioneering the multiple missions carried out by 
        amphibious landing craft; and
            (4) commends the many volunteers of the USS LST Ship Memorial who 
        have preserved the LST 325 as a living memorial in honor and remembrance 
        of the ships and veterans in their service.
            Attest:

                                                                          Clerk.