110 HR 3624 IH: Consumer Food Safety Act of
U.S. House of Representatives
2007-09-20
text/xml
EN
Pursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain.
1.Short title; table of
contents
(a)This Act may be cited as the Consumer Food Safety Act of 2007
.
(b)
Sec. 1. Short title; table of
contents.
Sec. 2. Definitions.
Title I—National food safety
program
Sec. 101. Administration of national
program.
Sec. 102. Process controls to reduce the
adulteration of food products.
Sec. 103. Inspections of processors and
importers.
Sec. 104. Tolerances for contaminants in
food.
Sec. 105. State and Federal
cooperation.
Sec. 106. Imports.
Title II—Research and education
Sec. 201. Public health assessment
system.
Sec. 202. Public education and advisory
system.
Sec. 203. Research.
Title III—Enforcement
Sec. 301. Amendments to the
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic
Act.
Title IV—Authorization of
appropriations
Sec. 401. Authorization of
appropriations.
2.For purposes of this Act:
(1)The term
contaminants includes bacteria, chemical contaminants, natural
toxins, viruses, parasites, and physical hazards that when found on or in food
can cause human illness or injury.
(2)The term
facility includes any factory, warehouse, establishment, or
importer that handles or processes food.
(3)The
term process means the commercial harvesting, preparation,
manufacture, or transportation of food products.
(4)The term
Secretary means the Secretary of Health and Human Services.
<enum>I</enum><header>National food
safety program</header>
<section id="H11DA6BAE70E04FE49E881EEF4BAC50E7"><enum>101.</enum><header>Administration
of national program</header>
<subsection id="H269FE478B5BC47468B00741DFAD30072"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>Persons who produce or process food for human consumption
have the responsibility to prevent or minimize food safety hazards related to
their products. The Secretary shall administer a national program for the
purpose of protecting human health by ensuring that the food industry has
effective programs in place to assure the safety of food products consumed in
the United States.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="HA24B092F77564E0E8BB220C713D948CD"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Program
requirements</header><text>The program shall—</text>
<paragraph id="HBCA763291F3D48BFA65F59D5F3DE7226"><enum>(1)</enum><text>be based on a
comprehensive analysis of the hazards associated with different food products
and with the harvesting, processing, and handling of different food products,
including the identification and evaluation of—</text>
<subparagraph id="H19C2D5EBEC1D4F7E961641D4203CCF8"><enum>(A)</enum><text>the severity of the
potential health risks;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H5ADE5D81257A441DA8B0F0FD4DC6E11E"><enum>(B)</enum><text>the sources and
specific points of potential contamination that may render food products unsafe
for human consumption; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H3191C7CF2CFE43379B210030F799DFD6"><enum>(C)</enum><text>the potential for
persistence, multiplication, or concentration of naturally occurring or added
contaminants in foods and food products;</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H246189D23DC5479F9C038B6D35C7792E"><enum>(2)</enum><text>take into
consideration the distinctive characteristics of food production and
processing;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HE72A9F6836444A52001070E3D39C31C1"><enum>(3)</enum><text>establish
inspection and oversight procedures to monitor that facilities are utilizing
preventive controls to minimize or eliminate identifiable hazards; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H84D70228FB94426EA77850DCD7D72B1D"><enum>(4)</enum><text>require each food
processing facility to annually register with the Secretary.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H8C268F430B0C46B799423B39E75CC218"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Additional
program elements</header><text>The program shall provide for—</text>
<paragraph id="H52FD2BEFBAF444D89715A52C4E8090F3"><enum>(1)</enum><text>implementation of
a national system for the registration and quarterly inspection of facilities
and importers, which quarterly inspections may be waived by plants that meet
the Secretary’s standards for exceptional or negligible-risk facilities or
importers;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H1D44E51C13704B4798766100EEBF9E85"><enum>(2)</enum><text>development of a
program to oversee the implementation of process controls in food processing
facilities;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H81A577CB557147049076FFD80481F54C"><enum>(3)</enum><text>the establishment
and enforcement of health-based standards for—</text>
<subparagraph id="HF530976F532F485F88C1AE87B2E044E"><enum>(A)</enum><text>substances which
may contaminate food; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HF5993F81D00A462B8899C964E1003C37"><enum>(B)</enum><text>safety and
sanitation in the processing and handling of food products;</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HA981AA7740D5491BA7FC9D4132000009"><enum>(4)</enum><text>implementation of
a sampling program to ensure that industry programs to prevent food
contamination are effective and that food products meet the standards
established under paragraph (1);</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HAFF19F7EDF9947FEB1696300082EED76"><enum>(5)</enum><text>implementation of
procedures and requirements to ensure the safety of imported food
products;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H1DFB48DC37BC4CE5AF9600C292782E70"><enum>(6)</enum><text>coordination with
other Federal agencies or State governments in carrying out inspection,
enforcement, and monitoring;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H982194075FD94B53974F87EA25E3CDC"><enum>(7)</enum><text>implementation of a
national surveillance system to assess the health risks associated with the
human consumption of food products, in cooperation with the Secretary of
Agriculture and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H41CDAE3769BE4C9F976B3D9F040767D8"><enum>(8)</enum><text>development of
public education and advisory programs; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H9155FAF5AF22424AB918333209D17DAE"><enum>(9)</enum><text>implementation of
a research program in furtherance of the purposes of this Act.</text>
</paragraph></subsection></section><section id="H07B08D9BA40B454995169143AA1DB1C"><enum>102.</enum><header>Process controls
to reduce the adulteration of food products</header>
<subsection id="H5A73A59167FF4933A9B2E37CCC6FB14"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>The Secretary shall, upon the basis of the best available
scientific and technological data, prescribe regulations to—</text>
<paragraph id="H258FAA84AF554DB5A5337C73EDD7C910"><enum>(1)</enum><text>limit the presence
of human pathogens and other potentially harmful substances in food
products;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HC6E50CE5995942828353AFB164551830"><enum>(2)</enum><text>ensure that all
registered facilities implement appropriate measures to control and reduce the
presence and growth of human pathogens and other potentially harmful substances
on food products;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HE435C543DA68499BB97051ED97CA2DB"><enum>(3)</enum><text>ensure that all
fully processed or ready-to-eat food products are processed in a sanitary
manner, using reasonably available techniques and technologies to eliminate any
human pathogens or other potentially harmful substances likely to cause
foodborne illness; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HB06070AC1F6B4A6EA262C2324870F2D1"><enum>(4)</enum><text>ensure that food
products intended for final processing outside commercial establishments are
labeled with instructions for handling and preparation for consumption which,
when adhered to, will destroy any human pathogens or other potentially harmful
substance likely to cause foodborne illness.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H6F2401D7B2464E4FBB1BC85100A1345F"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Regulations</header><text>The
Secretary shall, within one year of the enactment of this Act, issue
regulations that require all registered facilities to adopt processing controls
adequate to protect public health and to limit the presence and growth of human
pathogens and other potentially harmful substances in food products prepared in
any registered facility. Such regulations shall—</text>
<paragraph id="H3A2D2517C43B4E4EBAFD8E2F04110019"><enum>(1)</enum><text>set standards for
sanitation;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HC0F28D7F4A274E509FF89C2D4DF2B16B"><enum>(2)</enum><text>set tolerances for
biological, chemical, and physical hazards as appropriate;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H62D96A152D94475FB029630050AF1B43"><enum>(3)</enum><text>require process
controls to assure that food is safe and that relevant regulatory and safety
standards are met;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HA757E8704D69443B88AABAA1148FA5E4"><enum>(4)</enum><text>require
recordkeeping to monitor compliance;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HE6596CB7F300449B96ACB3FBC15D02F8"><enum>(5)</enum><text>require sampling
to assure that processing controls are effective and that regulatory standards
are being met; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H99A8C307B1294A36992466A565CAEEA"><enum>(6)</enum><text>provide for agency
access to records kept by official establishments and submission of copies of
such records to the Secretary as the Secretary deems appropriate.</text>
</paragraph><continuation-text continuation-text-level="subsection">Public
access to records that relate to the adequacy of measures taken by official
establishments to protect the public health and to limit the presence and
growth of human pathogens and other potentially harmful substances shall be
governed by <external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/5/552">section 552</external-xref> of title 5, United States Code. The Secretary may, as
the Secretary deems necessary, require any person, firm, or corporation with
responsibility for or control over food ingredients to adopt processing
controls, where such processing controls are needed to assure the protection of
public health.</continuation-text></subsection></section><section id="H9BD40A9D732447A8A80081813FA88CA2"><enum>103.</enum><header>Inspections of
processors and importers</header>
<subsection id="HCD0D7933587F4DED002382B5008145B3"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Nature of
inspections</header>
<paragraph id="HBE847179B74B4AFD8324DB9FDD29EAD9"><enum>(1)</enum><text>The inspection
system shall provide for frequent unannounced inspections of food processing
and importing facilities to determine whether such facilities are operated in a
sanitary manner and whether food products are unsafe for human consumption, or
adulterated or misbranded under the <act-name parsable-cite="FFDCA">Federal
Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act</act-name> (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/21/301">21 U.S.C. 301 et seq.</external-xref>). Inspections
shall include review of processing records and sampling of food
products.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H0FBF0FC76EE147A197507424E03505A1"><enum>(2)</enum><text>Inspections shall
be conducted at least quarterly, unless the Secretary determines that the
facility is an exceptional or negligible-risk facility under standards
established by the Secretary.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H12DEEA6A1E714DEF865E999D64DA315B"><enum>(3)</enum><text>Standards for
exceptional or negligible-risk facilities shall consider the hazards associated
with the type of product being produced; and the facility’s history of
compliance, food safety problems and such other factors as the Secretary may
deem appropriate. The Secretary shall specify an alternative inspection
frequency for each facility which is deemed exceptional or negligible-risk.
Each inspection shall include an examination of whether the facility continues
to meet the standards for exceptional or negligible-risk facilities.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H93E6FA33F865435B0031E58DE3F76716"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Conduct of
inspections</header>
<paragraph id="H0B2B1A542C91455585DECF09F7B97C7F"><enum>(1)</enum><text>An inspection
under subsection (a) of any domestic, foreign, or importing facility shall
extend to all things therein (including records required to be maintained under
subsection (e), processes, controls, and premises) that bear on whether food
products are in compliance with this Act or the <act-name parsable-cite="FFDCA">Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act</act-name> (21
U.S.C. 301 et seq.). Access to records may include the copying of such
records.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H64786560748045DB811C63D8938B6E1E"><enum>(2)</enum><text>In conducting such
inspections, officers or employees duly designated by the Secretary, upon
presenting appropriate credentials to the owner, operator, or agent in charge,
are authorized—</text>
<subparagraph id="H559FAE8A65F8426DB8F5BAB1C543ADE2"><enum>(A)</enum><text>to enter at
reasonable times any facility in which persons are engaged in the food
processing or importing of food products, or to enter any vehicle being used to
transport or hold such food products;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HA8E73E2B85C144A29836DA0088CAD3CE"><enum>(B)</enum><text>to inspect in a
reasonable manner such facility or vehicle and all pertinent equipment,
finished and unfinished materials, containers, labeling, processes, controls,
and premises; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HEC2F7D07E23D48A3A0831248F509E272"><enum>(C)</enum><text>to collect and
retain samples of food products or ingredients or of any other items found
during an inspection that may contribute to a finding of whether such food
products are unsafe for human consumption or adulterated or misbranded under
the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/21/301">21 U.S.C. 301 et seq.</external-xref>).</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HB9AEE1F2D0A644F89432F68DB3F56A7"><enum>(3)</enum><text>Immediately after
completion of inspection, the officer or employee making the inspection shall
give to the owner, operator, or agent in charge a report in writing setting
forth any conditions or practices observed which indicate that either
processing controls are inadequate to prevent or minimize food safety hazards
or that any food from such facility is unsafe for human consumption, or
adulterated or misbranded under the <act-name parsable-cite="FFDCA">Federal
Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act</act-name> (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/21/301">21 U.S.C. 301 et seq.</external-xref>).</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HE76731C287464B54A6993CA5078FBD84"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Product
detention and condemnation</header>
<paragraph id="H35068568B1C64AC7B0EACD2DBEBB4B21"><enum>(1)</enum><text>If, during an
inspection conducted under this section, an officer or employee making the
inspection has reason to believe that a food product is unsafe for human
consumption, or adulterated or misbranded under the
<act-name parsable-cite="FFDCA">Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act</act-name>
(<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/21/301">21 U.S.C. 301 et seq.</external-xref>), such officer or employee may order the food product
segregated, impounded, and if objection is not made within 48 hours, condemned.
If objection is made, such food products that are in perishable form may be
processed to the extent necessary to prevent spoilage, and a hearing shall be
commenced expeditiously.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H53E9796026E04034BF4F2782C0AD34BF"><enum>(2)</enum><text>If the Secretary
determines that, through relabeling or other action, such food products can be
brought into compliance with this Act and the <act-name parsable-cite="FFDCA">Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act</act-name> (21
U.S.C. 301 et seq.), the food may be released following a determination by the
Secretary that such relabeling or other action as specified by the Secretary
has been performed.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H4CB78BDAAA2641BA972D3E4D864EB778"><enum>(3)</enum><text>Any food product
condemned without objection, or after hearing and judicial review, shall be
destroyed under supervision of the Secretary.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HE4AA52EF6A2847068ED401F3B1FF0481"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Official
mark</header><text>The Secretary shall prescribe by regulation the conditions
under which any food product shall display an official mark, when needed to
facilitate exports, that signifies that the food product has been processed in
accordance with standards approved by the Secretary. Such a mark may be subject
to a fee.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="HB3F3E97B623640BDB3501BDCC94FD8F"><enum>(e)</enum><header>Maintenance of
records</header><text>Each facility or person registered under this section
shall maintain and make available for inspection by the Secretary such records
as the Secretary may prescribe. Such records shall be maintained for a
reasonable period of time as determined by the Secretary. The records shall
include, but are not limited to, information concerning—</text>
<paragraph id="H32FD9C42E7D04D06B9684B14F55BF4B1"><enum>(1)</enum><text>the origin,
receipt, delivery, sale, movement, holding, and disposition of food products or
ingredients; the identity and amount of ingredients used in the food; the
processing of the food; the results of laboratory, sanitation, or other quality
control tests performed on the food or in the facility; consumer complaints
concerning the food or its packaging; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HE475B433E5F44F2E99FBE51BA974DA6"><enum>(2)</enum><text>other matters
reasonably related to whether food products may be unsafe for human
consumption, or adulterated or misbranded under the
<act-name parsable-cite="FFDCA">Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act</act-name>
(<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/21/301">21 U.S.C. 301 et seq.</external-xref>).</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H81B8FAEA5E35459AB21FCD2F64BCE4AC"><enum>(f)</enum><header>Other inspection
rights and duties</header><text>Section 704 of the
<act-name parsable-cite="FFDCA">Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act</act-name>
(<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/21/374">21 U.S.C. 374</external-xref>) is amended by adding at the end the following new
subsection:</text>
<quoted-block act-name="Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act" id="HF104F7FD1DF84632A628C5775F274B18">
<subsection id="H826F70A9A10A4CAEA88C27ACDAA8EC7"><enum>(h)</enum><text>The rights and
duties under this section of duly designated officers and employees and of
other persons shall apply to enforcement of the
<short-title>Consumer Food Safety Act of
2007</short-title> to the same extent and in the same manner as they apply to
enforcement of this
Act.</text>
</subsection><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block>
</subsection></section><section id="H36CCA183622E4A9193ABF53425948B6C"><enum>104.</enum><header>Tolerances for
contaminants in food</header>
<subsection id="H4D617949B4F44C5782CEF9CFD8A9CF61"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Tolerances</header><text>The
Secretary shall establish tolerances limiting the quantity of contaminants,
except for pesticide residues regulated under section 408 or food additives
regulated under section 409 of the <act-name parsable-cite="FFDCA">Federal
Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act</act-name> (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/21/301">21 U.S.C. 301 et seq.</external-xref>), that, when
found in food products, may render such products unsafe for human consumption.
Contaminants include but are not limited to bacteria, chemical contaminants,
natural toxins, viruses and parasites that when found on or in food can cause
human illness. Such tolerances may include indicators (including indicator
organisms) from which it may reasonably be inferred that a contaminant is
present in a food product. In developing a tolerance, the Secretary shall take
into account the extent to which consumers may be exposed to such contaminant
from sources other than food, and the extent to which such contaminant can be
avoided or minimized in the commercial handling and processing of such
food.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="HEFA8C2BEBDA94C91A3FA8344A9C9F93B"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Regulations</header>
<paragraph id="H333DE7F599A54D2AB1761C165FE395BE"><enum>(1)</enum><text>The Secretary,
after notice and an opportunity for comment, shall promulgate regulations to
implement subsection (a) within 48 months after the date of enactment of this
Act. In promulgating such regulations, the Secretary shall establish tolerances
for the contaminants that the Secretary determines are having the greatest
public health impact as early as feasible after implementation of this
Act.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H72A5B8003AF249199DCA9853FB1B6BC"><enum>(2)</enum><text>A
tolerance established under this section shall be based on—</text>
<subparagraph id="HCEA8121A00834353BC5501A81BD6ECA6"><enum>(A)</enum><text>a scientific
analysis of the health risks attributable to the contaminant for which the
tolerance is established; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H88B16971F2524124B6D0079B67E70F8"><enum>(B)</enum><text>analysis of the
risks for sensitive groups, such as children, elderly, pregnant women and the
immune compromised.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H24008FF065BB4FC2B0F011DE86D062B6"><enum>(3)</enum><text>The Secretary
shall, in a timely manner, issue revisions to the regulations under paragraph
(1) which take into account new information. The Secretary may contract with
the National Academy of Sciences to provide such data or assistance as the
Secretary deems necessary.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HCC1C4A25ED3D42C9A34BCD927DE2F624"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Report</header><text>The
Secretary shall report to the Congress on the progress of the Secretary in
establishing tolerances under this section. The report shall include a
description of the research that has been conducted with respect to such
tolerances and the research that must be conducted before additional tolerances
may be established, the health significance of the lack of such additional
tolerances, a timetable for the establishment of such tolerances, and the
estimated costs, including costs of research, associated with the establishment
of such tolerances. The report shall be transmitted on or about the end of the
18th month after the date of enactment of this Act, and biennially thereafter
during the 6-year period that begins on such date of enactment.</text>
</subsection></section><section id="H319AF3E1FD114D1297AC81D7EC84C3"><enum>105.</enum><header>State and Federal
cooperation</header>
<subsection id="HA33524E7CC2E46A4B37BB3FA1DECE6A4"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>The Secretary shall work with the States in undertaking
activities and programs that contribute to the national food safety program so
that State and Federal programs function in a coordinated and cost-effective
manner. With the assistance provided in subsection (b), the Secretary shall
encourage States to—</text>
<paragraph id="HF165A84F7158460587DF391453EA041"><enum>(1)</enum><text>continue,
strengthen, or establish State food safety programs, especially with respect to
the regulation of retail commercial food establishments, transportation,
harvesting, and fresh markets; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H568CC43670F8451BA77D1CDFA6354771"><enum>(2)</enum><text>establish
procedures and requirements for ensuring that food products under the
jurisdiction of the State are not unsafe for human consumption.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H1E9CFBCBADCA4406A400CDAC88F1F7B2"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Assistance</header>
<paragraph id="H8D2BD21CA89840EB8DAB111919CD4140"><enum>(1)</enum><text>The Secretary may
provide to a State, for planning, developing, and implementing a food safety
program—</text>
<subparagraph id="H5347E4A356114D16A95985A405DD9C05"><enum>(A)</enum><text>advisory
assistance;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HBB4826D8F800431E958E98E61FD98D42"><enum>(B)</enum><text>technical and
laboratory assistance and training (including necessary materials and
equipment); and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H21FC1BF49D564FCE948D56CCDC209F50"><enum>(C)</enum><text>financial and
other aid.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H8132DCE286ED436FB1EB1091F8684100"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Service
agreements</header><text>The Secretary may, under agreements entered into with
Federal, State, or local agencies, use on a reimbursable basis or otherwise the
personnel, services, and facilities of such agencies in carrying out their
responsibilities under this Act. Such an agreement shall provide that any
compliance records, notices, or reports issued in connection with activities
under the agreement and in the possession of the agency or government which
entered into the agreement shall be made available in accordance with section
552 of title 5, United States Code. Agreements with a State under this
subsection may provide for training of State employees.</text>
</subsection></section><section id="HAB95D9FD5E144E8B9D4804D92B96B1F6"><enum>106.</enum><header>Imports</header>
<subsection id="H8AD69CE4BD0847B996E74B2C57BB9999"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Role of
Secretary</header><text>Within 24 months after the date of enactment of this
Act, the Secretary shall establish and administer a comprehensive and efficient
system to ensure the safety of food imported into the United States. The
Secretary shall routinely inspect processing facilities in exporting nations
and imports at ports of entry into the United States. The Secretary shall
assure the effective operation through verification and other activities as the
Secretary considers necessary.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="H21A34BE263884290AC10EFA79D5B4635"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Import
requirements</header>
<paragraph id="H10D3D67A5C52475CA2AD2091A76CC3B"><enum>(1)</enum><text>No
food product may enter the United States, or be withdrawn from a warehouse, for
consumption in the United States if such food product—</text>
<subparagraph id="H93303AA1B6F64235A9FFCCF68B070792"><enum>(A)</enum><text>appears unsafe for
human consumption, or adulterated or misbranded under the
<act-name parsable-cite="FFDCA">Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act</act-name>
(<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/21/301">21 U.S.C. 301 et seq.</external-xref>);</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H1CCEA5B5DF0E419FB03B97F5331C371B"><enum>(B)</enum><text>is not marked or
labeled as required by regulations for domestic or imported articles; or</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HB3AE9475A30D437C94CE3739B674971B"><enum>(C)</enum><text>does not comply
with the requirements of this section.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HDF95B84D60A04A839501AE33F184135"><enum>(2)</enum><text>Upon entry for
consumption in the United States, food products that are not prohibited from
entry or from withdrawal from a warehouse under paragraph (1) shall be deemed
to be and treated as domestic food products, except that all labeling of such
products shall clearly identify the country of origin to facilitate the
identification of products linked to outbreaks of illness.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H073A7FD6B4CA45979E52B0FF391A91B"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Inspection of
imports</header>
<paragraph id="HE7777C225A574B1A8F5BE13BFE40C8F7"><enum>(1)</enum><text>Food products that
are offered for importation, or withdrawn from a warehouse, for consumption in
the United States, shall be subject to examinations inspections, sampling, and
such other procedures at the port of entry or in the exporting nation by
officers or employees duly designated by the Secretary. Such procedures shall
be conducted with such frequency and in such manner as the Secretary may
prescribe by regulation.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HB640ADDAABED4E53A712EB6B73561BAB"><enum>(2)</enum><text>Food products from
a nation that is certified for such food products under subsection (e)(3) shall
be subject to random examinations, inspections, sampling, and other procedures.
Food products from a nation that is not certified for such food products under
subsection (e)(3) shall be subject to such intensified examinations,
inspections, sampling, and other verification procedures, including inspection
in the country of origin, as the Secretary determines are necessary to ensure
compliance with this Act.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H6B921E3FFA7F45EC9536007DFA378DC1"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Detention of
imported food product</header><text>If during an inspection or other
verification procedure carried out under this section, an officer or employee
conducting the procedure has reason to believe that a food product is unsafe
for human consumption, or adulterated or misbranded under the
<act-name parsable-cite="FFDCA">Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act</act-name>
(<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/21/301">21 U.S.C. 301 et seq.</external-xref>), such officer or employee may order the food product
segregated, impounded, and if objection is not made within 48 hours, condemned.
If objection is made, such food products that are in perishable form may be
processed to the extent necessary to prevent spoilage, and a hearing shall be
commenced expeditiously. The final condemnation or other disposition of such
food product shall be subject to the provisions of section 103(c).</text>
</subsection><subsection id="H6EB1F2BF202443B386BE80E241AFACD6"><enum>(e)</enum><header>Agreements with
foreign nations</header>
<paragraph id="H7CBAE90D8CF04F19A313A80BEDE093F"><enum>(1)</enum><text>The Secretary may
enter into an agreement with any nation desiring to export food products to the
United States. Prior to concluding such an agreement, the Secretary shall
evaluate the food safety program of the foreign nation to determine if such
program provides at least the same level of protection, with respect to food
products intended for export to the United States, as domestic laws that affect
the safety of the food supply. In such evaluation, the Secretary shall
consider—</text>
<subparagraph id="H4517DD81538B4ACFB6294BDF2312F63E"><enum>(A)</enum><text>the potential for
health, sanitary, environmental, or other conditions within the foreign nation
to adversely affect the safety of food products exported from such nation;
and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H73680D9AD27B4061B6A77F841359314B"><enum>(B)</enum><text>how well the food
safety programs of the foreign nation functions to minimize any adverse effects
on such safety.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H5D9A92D08A4E4A5E00CAF1DF0A17CB"><enum>(2)</enum><text>Any
agreement under this subsection with a nation desiring to export food products
to the United States shall—</text>
<subparagraph id="H4781B8C923024F1CAE00C04EBEF6CA9D"><enum>(A)</enum><text>require that the
exporting nation shall—</text>
<clause id="H00E9099745874B129FD609C69FDAB76F"><enum>(i)</enum><text>establish and
maintain a food safety system that is adequate to ensure that the food products
intended for export to the United States are safe for human consumption, and
not adulterated or misbranded under the <act-name parsable-cite="FFDCA">Federal
Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act</act-name> (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/21/301">21 U.S.C. 301 et seq.</external-xref>); and</text>
</clause><clause id="H91FDC8980E214BB29039508836009172"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>promptly notify
the Secretary of any violations affecting the safety of food products exported
or intended for export to the United States;</text>
</clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HFF02710FA9A94B8D8F4108D1C300A17F"><enum>(B)</enum><text>provide for such
activities (whether in the exporting nation or at the port of entry during
importation) by the Secretary, including examinations, inspections, sampling,
and testing, at such stages in the growth or harvest of food, or in the
processing or handling of food products, as the Secretary considers appropriate
to ensure that the food safety program of the exporting nation continues to
provide at least the same level of protection, with respect to food products
intended for export to the United States, as domestic laws that affect the
safety of the food supply; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H5A0F0C07D3E34659B3003C873351EE05"><enum>(C)</enum><text>provide for
reciprocity with respect to the treatment of food imports and exports between
the United States and the exporting nation.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H7F1DFCB71A7E47F6868453B9D668B818"><enum>(3)</enum><text>If the Secretary
determines that a nation desiring to export food products to the United States
has a program that provides at least the same level of protection, with respect
to food products intended for export to the United States, as domestic laws
that affect the safety of the food supply, the Secretary shall, upon entry into
force of an agreement under subsection (e)(1), certify the types of food
products for which the nation maintains such a program.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H66A389C8EC70437E893CD200D5E0FA7C"><enum>(4)</enum><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="yes-display-inline" id="H6946D1D494854D4A8BBE96D912E52995"><enum>(A)</enum><text>The Secretary shall
periodically or for good cause, and not less than once every 3 years, review
certifications made under paragraph (3), and shall revoke the certification of
any nation that the Secretary determines is not maintaining a food safety
program that provides at least the same level of protection, with respect to
food products intended for export to the United States, as domestic laws that
affect the safety of the food supply.</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HCA590C80A0704F4594008687507FE0E7" indent="up1"><enum>(B)</enum><text>The Secretary shall review and modify,
as needed, an agreement made under paragraph (1) with any nation whose
certification has been revoked under subparagraph (A) of this paragraph.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph></subsection></section><enum>II</enum><header>Research and
education</header>
<section id="HCE19383E3DB143CDB4E90720BFCEBA0"><enum>201.</enum><header>Public health
assessment system</header>
<subsection id="H4D00002099B5459EB073A76F93912800"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Cooperation with
the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</header><text>The Secretary
shall work, through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, to include
food in an active surveillance system, based on a representative proportion of
the population of the United States, and to assess more accurately the
frequency and sources of human illness in the United States associated with the
consumption of food.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="HFA493E86E4484E298B03C88247E75D2"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Public health
sampling</header>
<paragraph id="H415A1417BB7947F29913EA18E6695DB5"><enum>(1)</enum><text>Within 12 months
after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary in cooperation with the
Secretary of Agriculture shall establish guidelines for a sampling system under
which the Secretary and the Secretary of Agriculture shall take and analyze
samples of food products to assist the Secretary in carrying out this Act and
the <act-name parsable-cite="FFDCA">Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic
Act</act-name> (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/21/301">21 U.S.C. 301 et seq.</external-xref>), and to more accurately assess the
nature, frequency of occurrence, and amounts of contaminants in food
products.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H6196B49D72004673A5FBD705E7665735"><enum>(2)</enum><text>Such sampling
system shall provide—</text>
<subparagraph id="HCAD82C70D18449C5AADC039CC614197C"><enum>(A)</enum><text>statistically
valid monitoring, including market-basket studies, on the nature, frequency of
occurrence, and amounts of contaminants in food products available to
consumers; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HBE22519779F04631A5C9B36151D3302B"><enum>(B)</enum><text>at the request of
the Secretary, such other information, including analysis of monitoring and
verification samples, as the Secretary determines may be useful in assessing
the occurrence of contaminants in food products.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H558BFD1884CC4AB884DA7B7D2629BADA"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Assessment of
health hazards</header><text>Through the surveillance system referred to in
subsection (a) and the sampling system described in subsection (b), the
Secretary shall rank food categories based on their hazard to human health and
identify appropriate industry and regulatory approaches to minimize hazards in
the food supply. Such analysis could include—</text>
<paragraph id="HC36F1CF00EF147A481172E4EDC5D73F6"><enum>(1)</enum><text>the safety of
commercial harvesting and processing, as compared with the health hazards
associated with food products that are harvested for recreational or
subsistence purposes and prepared noncommercially;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HE8F918C6BFF74D7993B18EA85D055DDB"><enum>(2)</enum><text>the safety of food
products that are domestically harvested and processed, as compared with the
health hazards associated with food products that are harvested or processed
outside the United States; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H863FC26D1FC24D698CEBA4380FC3079"><enum>(3)</enum><text>contamination
originating from handling practices that occur prior to or after sale of food
products to consumers.</text>
</paragraph></subsection></section><section id="HB80EF8A97B2F4ECBA3787500FCAD30F6"><enum>202.</enum><header>Public
education and advisory system</header>
<subsection id="H390709A64DBC4FF5AC19E7E324379F1E"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Public
education</header><text>The Secretary, in cooperation with private and public
organizations, including the cooperative extension services and appropriate
State entities, shall design and implement a national public education program
on food safety. The program shall provide—</text>
<paragraph id="H3A4CE9BAEA4248BB85AB89F205A06938"><enum>(1)</enum><text>information to the
public regarding Federal standards and good practice requirements and promotion
of public awareness understanding and acceptance of such standards and
requirements;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H9B7DC28C70E642FBAF35CCD1D28435F6"><enum>(2)</enum><text>information to
health professionals so that they may improve diagnosis and treatment of
food-related illness and advise individuals whose health conditions place them
in particular risk; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H2B694ACA4E8846DBA8E19BCDC14F485D"><enum>(3)</enum><text>such other
information or advice to consumers and other persons as the Secretary
determines will promote the purposes of this Act.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H615A0091D36C4B65AFE4CE2389EFA262"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Health
advisories</header><text>The Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of
Agriculture and the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, shall
work with the States and other appropriate entities to—</text>
<paragraph id="H83379D9B16874444A04B764D23AA1169"><enum>(1)</enum><text>develop and
distribute regional and national advisories concerning food safety;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H7558567CF97F4AD68B7237B1744B0056"><enum>(2)</enum><text>develop
standardized formats for written and broadcast advisories; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HEE15CFDC23984E96AD2827152DEA3CCD"><enum>(3)</enum><text>incorporate State
and local advisories into the national public education program required under
subsection (a).</text>
</paragraph></subsection></section><section id="H7F0FF2B0C66647449336DBA464C22717"><enum>203.</enum><header>Research</header>
<subsection id="HC621CC6DCDDA430E860741814F3744CA"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>The Secretary shall conduct research to assist in the
implementation of this Act, including studies to—</text>
<paragraph id="H74913FE2233B4FCE0006C83B295685A5"><enum>(1)</enum><text>improve sanitation
and food safety practices in the processing of food products;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H04FAEF675A35437590427E0321909F04"><enum>(2)</enum><text>develop improved
techniques for the monitoring of food and inspection of food products;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H89E816717B41499FB2A3006277F3DC77"><enum>(3)</enum><text>develop efficient,
rapid, and sensitive methods for determining and detecting the presence of
contaminants in food products;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HF75282E994944F3BAC093DF500441363"><enum>(4)</enum><text>determine the
sources of contamination of food and food products with contaminants;
and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HCDF60C5F42AC4E09A8C2C0D225533686"><enum>(5)</enum><text>develop
consumption data with respect to food products.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H7910A4CF8F5A4AC38C3D2E97ABE2A400"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Contract
authority</header><text>The Secretary is authorized to enter into contracts and
agreements with any State, university, other government agencies or other
persons to carry out the activities under this section.</text>
</subsection></section><enum>III</enum><header>Enforcement</header>
<section id="HBD1CA673E7034B30B628B232C7086800"><enum>301.</enum><header>Amendments to
the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act</header>
<subsection id="H9DF9980AB64A49B5BB4E9E54B5FD76E5"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>The <act-name parsable-cite="FFDCA">Federal Food, Drug,
and Cosmetic Act</act-name> (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/21/301">21 U.S.C. 301 et seq.</external-xref>) is amended by adding after
section 416 the following new sections:</text>
<quoted-block act-name="Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act" id="HE2C22E9BBA424A579DE546002250FFF7">
<section id="HA452230D19CB408589597913B8A800AA"><enum>417.</enum><header>Notification
and recall</header>
<subsection id="H4A6D4B81EB2B4586B40000F06F9B6200"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Notice to
Secretary of adulteration or misbranding</header><text>Any person (other than a
household consumer or other individual who is the intended consumer of an
article of food) that has a reasonable basis for believing that any article of
food introduced into or in interstate commerce, or held for sale (whether or
not the first sale) after shipment in interstate commerce, may be adulterated
or misbranded or otherwise in violation of the
<short-title>Consumer Food Safety Act of
2007</short-title> shall immediately notify the Secretary, in such manner and
by such means as the Secretary may by regulation prescribe, of the identity and
location of such article.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="H7A78D57F15B3410CA9B0B72F7454A33E"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Recall and
consumer notification</header>
<paragraph id="H9040F88A6D61444CB6AA86B908F3AE68"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Voluntary
procedures</header><text>If the Secretary finds, upon notification under
subsection (a) or otherwise, that any article of food is adulterated or
misbranded when introduced into or while in interstate commerce or while held
for sale (whether or not the first sale) after shipment in interstate commerce
and there is a reasonable probability that such article, if consumed, would
present a threat to public health, as determined by the Secretary, the
Secretary shall provide the appropriate persons (including the manufacturers,
importers, distributors, or retailers) with an opportunity to—</text>
<subparagraph id="HD9EB1B18404F43E38B006E77F9A4B93D"><enum>(A)</enum><text>cease distribution
of such article;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H7F2AD6603E51452B9600008E35D8CE74"><enum>(B)</enum><text>notify all
persons—</text>
<clause id="HD4076617F97D475BA4CFA65CB8BBBF4"><enum>(i)</enum><text>producing,
manufacturing, packing, processing, preparing, treating, packaging,
distributing, or holding such article; or</text>
</clause><clause id="HA1CB1F406759471BBA345DC1F39C6C3E"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>to which such
article has been distributed, transported, or sold, to immediately cease
distribution of such article;</text>
</clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="H8A3E3C90D291404291411DA7BE82FEBF"><enum>(C)</enum><text>recall such
article;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H8F1B5C047F274374968D8BA0F5B75C3"><enum>(D)</enum><text>provide, in
consultation with the Secretary, notice to consumers to whom such article was,
or may have been, distributed; or</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H2962D39AEE6245DCB7CC7B587E0196E6"><enum>(E)</enum><text>take any
combination of the above measures, as appropriate in the circumstances.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H5D4D2419A59F438187DB6EBFC0B52F10"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Pre-hearing
order to cease distribution and give notice</header><text>If such person
refuses to or does not voluntarily cease distribution, make notification,
recall such article, or provide notice to consumers, as applicable, within the
time and in the manner prescribed by the Secretary, the Secretary shall, by
order, require, as the Secretary deems necessary, such person to—</text>
<subparagraph id="H58DFDB6E2CD1414BA625D71547E771F3"><enum>(A)</enum><text>immediately cease
distribution of such article;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H27E14CBFF1DA4952A60037CB145C2DA4"><enum>(B)</enum><text>immediately notify
all persons—</text>
<clause id="HAB2EE494F38B4946A0B7D05CB069AA6C"><enum>(i)</enum><text>producing,
manufacturing, packing, processing, preparing, treating, packaging,
distributing, or holding such article; or</text>
</clause><clause id="H65DF20FD11254ECCBD8BE0BE49A5004B"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>to which such
article has been distributed, transported, or sold, to immediately cease
distribution of such article; or</text>
</clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="HA5CD49C6479B4F399327BD92FAE641C8"><enum>(C)</enum><text>immediately take
the actions specified in both subparagraphs (A) and (B).</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H347521C27366423500063500A06B828D"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Notification of
consumers by Secretary</header><text>The Secretary shall, as the Secretary
deems necessary, provide notice to consumers to whom such article was, or may
have been, distributed.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H0EDDAB45AB0A43E2BB044300BA409E84"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Hearing on
order</header><text>The Secretary shall provide any person subject to an order
under subsection (b) with an opportunity for a hearing, to be held as soon as
possible but not later than 2 days after the issuance of the order, on the
actions required by the order and on why the article that is the subject of the
order should not be recalled.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="H58E7D70E0595492CA113F753FB166693"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Post-hearing
recall order</header>
<paragraph id="H2E31D05236924BC9AD1791339029A72D"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Amendment of
order</header><text>If, after providing opportunity for a hearing under
subsection (c), the Secretary determines that there is a reasonable probability
that the article that is the subject of an order under subsection (b), if
consumed, presents a threat to public health, the Secretary, as the Secretary
deems necessary, may—</text>
<subparagraph id="H1377217AF1C941F491FF2174092121E1"><enum>(A)</enum><text>amend the order to
require recall of such article or other appropriate action;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H00F10F66DF3848DCB4A08821A10AD00"><enum>(B)</enum><text>specify a timetable
in which the recall shall occur;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HD8EFECD6D1874140B391BC91807082C"><enum>(C)</enum><text>require periodic
reports to the Secretary describing the progress of the recall; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HFB55C3D473A6451CB3C2DBB659BD610"><enum>(D)</enum><text>provide notice to
consumers to whom such article was, or may have been, distributed.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HF292340E021348F80083E8CAEEE0ACB"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Vacation of
order</header><text>If, after such a hearing, the Secretary determines that
adequate grounds do not exist to continue the actions required by the order,
the Secretary shall vacate the order.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H185CDBF5647A49BF8E0625131EFCC68C"><enum>(e)</enum><header>Remedies not
exclusive</header><text>The remedies provided in this section shall be in
addition to and not exclusive of other remedies that may be available.</text>
</subsection></section><section id="H1F9AD7D9393541CE0077958C874944A4"><enum>418.</enum><header>Civil
penalties</header>
<subsection id="H937D6125C7934716005392167CDA1CF8"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In
general</header>
<paragraph id="H92E458E8C9204DA38297E3A4CB7BA2C8"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Acts subject to
penalty; penalty amount</header><text>Any person that commits an act that
violates this Act with respect to food or the <short-title>Consumer Food Safety Act of 2007</short-title> may be
assessed a civil penalty by the Secretary of not more than $100,000 for each
such act. Each such act and each day during which such act continues shall be a
separate offense.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HB1A167E62C0A4C40BFA630E98DC98209"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Notice and
hearing</header><text>No penalty shall be assessed by the Secretary under this
section unless such person is given notice and opportunity for a hearing on the
record before the Secretary in accordance with sections <external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/5/554">554</external-xref> and <external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/5/556">556</external-xref> of title 5,
United States Code.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H748C3D47EBAD4C9CB02D2BA49E9CE65B"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Other
requirements</header><text>The amount of such civil penalty shall be assessed
by the Secretary by written order, taking into account the gravity of the
violation, degree of culpability, size and type of business, and any history of
prior offenses; and may be reviewed only as provided in subsection (b).</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HD1EE5787F879440083D8F3247281CCFF"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Judicial
review</header><text>An order assessing a civil penalty under subsection (a)
shall be final and conclusive unless the person files, within 30 days from the
effective date of the order, an application for judicial review in the Court of
Appeals of the United States for the circuit in which such person resides or
has its principal place of business or in the United States Court of Appeals
for the District of Columbia Circuit by filing a notice of appeal in such court
and by simultaneously sending a copy of such notice by certified mail to the
Secretary. The Secretary shall promptly file in such court a certified copy of
the record upon which such penalty was assessed. The findings of the Secretary
shall be set aside only if found to be unsupported by substantial evidence on
the record as a whole.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="HE8E93600F19D4ABE9BAA52F87DB7014E"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Collection
actions</header><text>If any person fails to pay an assessment of a civil
penalty after it has become a final and unappealable order, or after the
appropriate court of appeals has entered final judgment in favor of the
Secretary, the Secretary shall refer the matter to the Attorney General, who
shall institute a civil action to recover the amount assessed in an appropriate
district court of the United States. In such collection action, the validity
and appropriateness of the Secretary’s order imposing the civil penalty shall
not be subject to review.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="H3DB927C88F9E480E9335B097B1D4FAA"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Penalties paid
into treasury</header><text>All penalties collected under authority of this
section shall be paid into the Treasury of the United States.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="H2282A279F9054FC1A70195D28B6FE761"><enum>(e)</enum><header>Secretary’s
discretion to prosecute</header><text>Nothing in this Act shall be construed as
requiring the Secretary to report for prosecution, or for the institution of
libel or injunction proceedings, violations of this Act whenever the Secretary
believes that the public interest will be adequately served by assessment of
civil penalties.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="H55A4E1BD056F47819422803E831D65CD"><enum>(f)</enum><header>Remedies not
exclusive</header><text>The remedies provided in this section shall be in
addition to and not exclusive of other remedies that may be available.</text>
</subsection></section><section id="H3EDFB63B7B194308954D767185D37FE"><enum>419.</enum><header>Whistleblower
protection</header>
<subsection id="H6005C2BF96174E7BAD5014EF00853F74"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>No employee or other person may be harassed, prosecuted,
held liable, or discriminated against in any way because that person—</text>
<paragraph id="HD127174418AD482C859CFFB4E1A5D6F0"><enum>(1)</enum><text>has commenced,
caused to be commenced, or is about to commence a proceeding, testified or is
about to testify at a proceeding, or assisted or participated or is about to
assist or participate in any manner in such a proceeding or in any other action
to carry out the purposes, functions, or responsibilities of the
<short-title>Consumer Food Safety Act of
2007</short-title>, the <act-name parsable-cite="FFDCA">Federal Food, Drug, and
Cosmetic Act</act-name>, the Meat Inspection Act, or the Poultry Products
Inspection Act; or</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HFCC34BC370A84B5A80A9587157786D2B"><enum>(2)</enum><text>is refusing to
violate or assist in violation of law, rule, or regulation.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HDF20F0621933441C815BFCF1F9B1F376"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Procedures</header><text>The
process and procedures with respect to prohibited discrimination under
subsection (a) shall be governed by the applicable provisions of section 31105
of title 49, United States Code, unless the party bringing an action under this
subsection chooses alternative dispute resolution procedures such as mediation
or arbitration.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="H44F706128DB641FFAEE2CADD8CA09C70"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Burdens of
proof</header><text>The legal burdens of proof with respect to prohibited
discrimination under subsection (a) shall be governed by the applicable
provisions of sections <external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/5/1214">1214</external-xref> and <external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/5/1221">1221</external-xref> of title 5, United States Code.</text>
</subsection></section><section id="H9313446DA9C74CAC9B06D0007488A4D9"><enum>420.</enum><header>Administration
and enforcement; applicability of penalty provisions; conduct of inquiries;
power and jurisdiction of courts</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">For the efficient administration and
enforcement of this chapter, the provisions (including penalties) of sections
6, 8, 9, and 10 of the Federal Trade Commission Act (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/15/46">15 U.S.C. 46</external-xref>, 48, 49, and
50) (except subsections (c) through (h) of section 6 of such Act), are made
applicable to the jurisdiction, powers, and duties of the Secretary in
administrating and enforcing the provisions of this chapter and to any person
with respect to whom such authority is exercised. The Secretary, in person or
by such agents as he may designate, may prosecute any inquiry necessary to his
duties under this chapter in any part of the United States, and the powers
conferred by said sections 9 and 10 if the Federal Trade Commission Act (15
U.S.C. 49, 50) on the district courts of the United States may be exercised for
the purposes of this chapter by any appropriate court.</text>
</section><section id="H9B1C03DF9712493F8831301E488505EE"><enum>421.</enum><header>Traceback</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">The Secretary may impose on a food product
requirements for the traceability of such type or class of food product
whenever such requirements are necessary to assure the protection of the public
health. Traceability requirements shall be established in accordance with
regulations and guidelines issued by the Secretary.</text>
</section><section id="H1448826717D4444B998B282095C0346D"><enum>422.</enum><header>Citizen’s civil
actions</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Any person may
commence a civil action against—</text>
<paragraph id="HB9CCE7B900D3489D9C9DF4999F6D4452"><enum>(1)</enum><text>any person who
violated any rule, tolerance, order, or other action of the Secretary to ensure
the safety of food products; or</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HCA52BB85335141D2AE239B00625CEA41"><enum>(2)</enum><text>the Secretary
where there is alleged a failure of the Secretary to perform any act or duty to
ensure the safety of food products, which is not discretionary.</text>
</paragraph><continuation-text continuation-text-level="section">The district
courts shall have jurisdiction, without regard for the amount in controversy,
or the citizenship of the parties, to enforce such rule, tolerance, order, or
other action of the Secretary, or to order the Secretary to perform such act or
duty. The suit shall be commenced in the district in which the defendant
resides or is found or has an agent. The court may award damages sustained and
if the court determines it to be in the interest of justice, may award the
plaintiff the costs of suit, including reasonable attorney’s fees, reasonable
expert witness fees, and penalties. The remedies provided for in this section
shall be in addition to and not in lieu of any other remedies provided by
common law or under Federal or State
law.</continuation-text></section><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block>
</subsection><subsection id="H62A3A54F18A54105A0C22161ACE49AC"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Conforming
amendment; prohibited Act</header><text>Section 301 of the
<act-name parsable-cite="FFDCA">Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act</act-name>
(<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/21/331">21 U.S.C. 331</external-xref>) is amended by adding at the end the following:</text>
<quoted-block act-name="Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act" id="H487E49208D6A41E8A83735004D13691C">
<item id="HCF0CB801B10D4916B5EA35785B8D4737" indent="up5"><enum>(jj)</enum><text>The failure or refusal to comply
with an order issued under section 417(b)(2) or 417(d).</text>
</item><item id="H11F25A3BAD5E4A90813B0902FAB574C" indent="up5"><enum>(kk)</enum><text>The failure to comply with the
<short-title>Consumer Food Safety Act of
2007</short-title>.</text>
</item><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block>
</subsection></section><enum>IV</enum><header>Authorization of
Appropriations</header>
<section id="HF9DD12D16C8F41BE9D5ED1EFE8731C41"><enum>401.</enum><header>Authorization
of appropriations</header>
<subsection id="H080C90F2C61B4FA3A583137D02401C05"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>There are authorized to be appropriated, to carry out
this Act, such sums as may be necessary for fiscal years 2008 through
2012.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="HB480F338C5724081A8C0EF00C7E3555B"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Assistance to
States</header><text>Of the funds authorized to be appropriated under
subsection (a), there are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be
necessary for fiscal years 2008 through 2012, for carrying out State program
assistance activities under section 105.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="H771C4DA83A024CC1B2288CE261640013"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Research program
authorization</header><text>Of the funds authorized to be appropriated under
subsection (a), there are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be
necessary for fiscal years 2008 through 2012, for carrying out the research
program authorized by section 203.</text>
</subsection></section>