110 HR 2332 IH: Syria Accountability and Liberation
U.S. House of Representatives
2007-05-15
text/xml
EN
Pursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain.
1.Short title; table of
contents
(a)This Act may be cited as the Syria Accountability and Liberation
Act
.
(b)The table of contents of this Act is as follows:
Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Definitions.
Title I—Strengthening United States sanctions against
Syria
Sec. 101. Declarations of policy.
Sec. 102. Codification of existing sanctions.
Sec. 103. Sanctions against certain persons.
Sec. 104. Sanctions against certain foreign
countries.
Title II—Sanctions targeting Syria’s energy sector
Sec. 201. Imposition of sanctions.
Sec. 202. Advisory opinions.
Sec. 203. Termination of sanctions.
Sec. 204. Duration of sanctions; presidential
waiver.
Sec. 205. Determinations not reviewable.
Sec. 206. Exclusion of certain activities.
Title III—Diplomatic efforts to isolate the Government of
Syria
Sec. 301. Sense of Congress relating to bilateral
efforts.
Sec. 302. Opposition to Syria’s membership and candidacy for
leadership posts in United Nations institutions.
Sec. 303. Actions at the United Nations General
Assembly.
Sec. 304. Actions at international financial
institutions.
Sec. 305. Actions at the International Atomic Energy
Agency.
Sec. 306. Establishment of United States and regional contact
groups.
Sec. 307. Report on assistance to, and commerce with,
Syria.
Title IV—Assistance to support democracy in Syria
Sec. 401. Declarations of policy.
Sec. 402. Assistance to support a transition to democracy in
Syria.
2.In this Act:
(1)Appropriate
congressional committeesThe term appropriate congressional
committees means—
(A)the Committee on
Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of
Representatives; and
(B)the Committee on
Foreign Relations and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate.
(2)To
develop
, or the development
of, petroleum
resources means the exploration for, or the extraction, refining, or
transportation by pipeline of, petroleum resources.
(3)The terms
goods and technology have the meanings given those
terms in section 16 of the Export Administration Act of 1979 (50 U.S.C. App.
2415).
(4)The term Government of Syria includes any
agency or instrumentality of the Government of Syria, including any entity that
is controlled by the Government of Syria.
(5)
(A)The term investment means any of the
following activities if the activity is undertaken pursuant to an agreement, or
pursuant to the exercise of rights under such an agreement, that is entered
into with the Government of Syria or a nongovernmental entity in Syria on or
after the date of the enactment of this Act:
(i)The entry into a
contract that includes responsibility for the development of petroleum
resources located in Syria, or the entry into a contract providing for the
general supervision and guarantee of another person's performance of such a
contract.
(ii)The purchase of a
share of ownership, including an equity interest, in that development.
(iii)The entry into a
contract providing for the participation in royalties, earnings, or profits in
that development, without regard to the form of the participation.
(B)The term investment does not
include the entry into, performance, or financing of a contract to sell or
purchase goods, services, or technology.
(C)Amendments or
modificationsFor purposes of
this paragraph, an amendment or other modification that is made, on or after
the date of the enactment of this Act, to an agreement or contract shall be
treated as the entry of an agreement or contract.
(6)The term person means—
(A)a natural person;
and
(B)a corporation,
business association, partnership, society, trust, any other nongovernmental
entity, organization, or group, and any governmental entity operating as a
business enterprise.
(7)The term
petroleum resources includes petroleum and natural gas resources.
(8)The term United States assistance
means—
(A)any assistance
under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2251 et seq.), other than
urgent humanitarian assistance or medicine;
(B)sales and
assistance under the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.);
(C)financing by the
Commodity Credit Corporation for export sales of agricultural commodities;
and
(D)financing under
the Export-Import Bank Act of 1945 (12 U.S.C. 635 et seq.).
<enum>I</enum><header>Strengthening
United States sanctions against Syria</header>
<section id="H29E8434193204517B728F1653F06EA5D"><enum>101.</enum><header>Declarations of
policy</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Congress makes the
following declarations of policy:</text>
<paragraph id="H11DFB141903D4AF9B21DF4EDB005F74"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The actions of the Government of the Syrian
Arab Republic, including its support for, and facilitation of, terrorist
activities, including inside of Iraq, its development of long-range missiles
and weapons of mass destruction programs and capabilities, its continued
interference with the internal affairs of the Lebanese Republic in violation of
multiple United Nations Security Council resolutions and of its international
obligations, and its massive, systematic, and extraordinary violations of human
rights of the Syrian people, are a threat to the national security interests of
the United States and international peace.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H10F656A7D87E471BB44D2910C2FA6C65"><enum>(2)</enum><text>The policy of the
United States shall be to deny the Government of Syria the ability to carry out
the following:</text>
<subparagraph id="H8383AC7FDF0D4B9A90B54FE0EE95CA6B"><enum>(A)</enum><text>To finance,
provide safe-haven, or otherwise support terrorist organizations.</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HDCFAE882857847F9AAFF919EAB11732B"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">To develop chemical, biological,
radiological, or nuclear weapons and long-range ballistic missiles.</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HC4D071FD6F484E73B15C2B3C83999FF9"><enum>(C)</enum><text>To continue to
interfere in the affairs of the Government of Lebanon in contravention of
multiple United Nations Security Council Resolutions, and other pertinent
obligations.</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H41A34A44E8B84EBCB972217626787973"><enum>(D)</enum><text>To continue to
oppress the people of Syria.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HBFB5C544AABC41DF8F006D7BB5F5275"><enum>(3)</enum><text>The President
should advocate for, and should instruct the United States Permanent
Representative to the United Nations to propose and seek within the United
Nations Security Council, a mandatory international embargo against the
Government of Syria, pursuant to Article 41 of the Charter of the United
Nations.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H165447155BFE4B0F95ADB68E47FB00E0"><enum>(4)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Any effort by a country that is a recipient
of United States assistance to facilitate, directly or indirectly, the
development of Syria’s chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear weapons
capabilities, long-range ballistic missile development programs, or to help
make operational any nuclear facility in Syria will have a detrimental impact
on United States assistance to, or commercial and financial relations with,
such country.</text>
</paragraph></section><section commented="no" id="HD3481A3AC6CD41509219040024AC11A1"><enum>102.</enum><header>Codification of
existing sanctions</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Restrictions against the Government of
Syria, and on persons by reason of their direction of, or contribution to,
activities of the Government of Syria, that were imposed pursuant to the
International Emergency Economic Powers Act, the Syria Accountability and
Lebanese Sovereignty Act of 2003, the Iran, North Korea, and Syria
Nonproliferation Act, or any similar provision of law, as in effect on the date
of the enactment of this Act, including the restrictions imposed under
Executive Order 12938 (as amended by Executive Order 13094), Executive Order
13338, Executive Order 13399, and any similar Executive Order, shall remain in
effect against the Government of Syria and may not be lifted pursuant to such
provisions of law until the President certifies to the appropriate
congressional committees that a government exists in Syria that—</text>
<paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="HC688BBBE00C44385B4F6797940F9D74"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">has ceased any and all support for
terrorism and has not provided such support during the preceding 5-year period,
including support for Palestinian terrorist groups, and has not been determined
by the Secretary of State, for the purposes of section 6(j) of the Export
Administration Act of 1979, section 620A of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961,
section 40 of the Arms Export Control Act, or any other provision of law, to be
a government that has repeatedly provided support for acts of international
terrorism at any time during that 5-year period;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="H4235DC93D75D470B93CBF51DC7FED8E7"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">has permanently dismantled Syria’s
chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear weapons programs and has taken
demonstrable steps to combat the proliferation of such weapons;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="HFF40B0AEFF434014AE5D16474BDB282"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">respects the boundaries, sovereignty, and
right to exist of all neighboring countries; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph commented="no" id="HDC85B08A56DC40EC8795E7A242E85640"><enum>(4)</enum><text>upholds and
defends the human rights and civil liberties of its people.</text>
</paragraph></section><section id="HF52B745E182148BC92D61AEB97D93D2"><enum>103.</enum><header>Sanctions
against certain persons</header>
<subsection id="HF21010180B774BE8B0EFA9FF3F69A41"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Prohibition</header><text>If
any person transfers or retransfers goods or technology so as to contribute to
the efforts by the Government of Syria to acquire or develop destabilizing
numbers or types of advanced conventional weapons, or to acquire, develop,
produce, or stockpile biological, chemical, radiological, or nuclear weapons or
long-range ballistic missiles, then the sanctions described in subsection (b)
shall be imposed.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="H8D81B939155D4C23B0A2A45700BFB75F"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Sanctions</header><text>The
sanctions to be imposed pursuant to subsection (a) are as follows:</text>
<paragraph id="H383BA3BC3B5E409090ED55A3943C1679"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Procurement
sanction</header><text>The United States Government shall not procure, or enter
into any contract for the procurement of, any goods or services from the
sanctioned person.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HF8894BDC1BB947B7A4994BBFFF67F4C"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Export
sanction</header><text>The United States Government shall not issue any license
for any export by or to the sanctioned person.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H4F191127882A472F9D4670A59010D710"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Import
sanction</header><text>The President shall ban the importation of any article
that is a product of the sanctioned person.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection display-inline="no-display-inline" id="H802C65FBD37A47459BC1F1D1C0997DD7"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Persons against
whom sanctions are To be imposed</header><text>The sanctions described in
subsections (a) and (b) shall be imposed on—</text>
<paragraph id="H7FD9E5F1C24F444BAF90D107C0E6D319"><enum>(1)</enum><text>any person the
President determines has carried out the activities described in subsection
(a); and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HACF4A4325C5A48B4BEBE384FB71B747D"><enum>(2)</enum><text>any person the
President determines—</text>
<subparagraph id="H9D3FF594BECC45D9AA00183F4E2E10EB"><enum>(A)</enum><text>is a successor
entity to the person referred to in paragraph (1);</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HB3F0F61D6AF84E3492F1D7A675614C94"><enum>(B)</enum><text>is a parent or
subsidiary of the person referred to in paragraph (1) if that parent or
subsidiary engaged in the activities referred to in paragraph (1); or</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HCBE716B85ABC4A33981552EE9F666E52"><enum>(C)</enum><text>is an affiliate of
the person referred to in paragraph (1) if that affiliate engaged in the
activities referred to in paragraph (1) and if that affiliate is controlled in
fact by the person referred to in paragraph (1).</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H0F6EC3CC8725498B8E8608FE431100EA"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Sanctioned
person defined</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">For purposes
of this title, the term <term>sanctioned person</term> means any person or
entity described in paragraph (1).</text>
</subsection></section><section id="H7185D14D259642A980F6AF864FCA7212"><enum>104.</enum><header>Sanctions
against certain foreign countries</header>
<subsection id="H821F78B18F9B434F9FBAB100FD024B28"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Prohibition</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">If the President determines that the
government of any foreign country transfers or retransfers goods or technology,
or provides assistance, so as to contribute to the efforts by the Government of
Syria to acquire or develop destabilizing numbers and types of advanced
conventional weapons, or to acquire, develop, produce, or stockpile chemical,
biological, radiological, or nuclear weapons and long-range ballistic missiles,
then the President shall impose two or more of the sanctions described in
subsection (b), and the sanctions described in subsection (c).</text>
</subsection><subsection id="HD8C65287032547CC9509B30454B81BA"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Sanctions</header><text>The
sanctions referred to in subsection (a) are as follows:</text>
<paragraph id="HAFB37458E6FB47E9985C26E1B2A7D796"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Suspension of
united states assistance</header><text>The United States Government shall
suspend United States assistance to the sanctioned country.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H6CBE4912CFF44A60981BE984D565AB5"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Export
sanction</header><text>The United States Government shall not issue any license
for any export by or to the sanctioned country.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H7435FCF7C0F64FE09299545E24A6E536"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Import
sanction</header><text>The President shall ban the importation of any article
that is a product of the sanctioned country.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HAF730D65955D48979B09AA9DB00932C"><enum>(4)</enum><header>International
financial institution assistance</header><text>The Secretary of the Treasury
shall instruct the United States Executive Director at each international
financial institution (as defined in section 1701(c)(2) of the International
Financial Institutions Act) to oppose and vote against the extension by such
institution of any financial or technical assistance to the sanctioned
country.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H0E6188DD593F43C39882223D310053AA"><enum>(5)</enum><header>Suspension of
codevelopment or coproduction agreements</header><text>The United States
Government shall suspend compliance with its obligations under any memorandum
of understanding with the sanctioned country for the codevelopment or
coproduction of any item on the United States Munitions List (established under
section 38 of the Arms Export Control Act (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/22/2778">22 U.S.C. 2778</external-xref>)), including any
obligation for implementation of the memorandum of understanding through the
sale to the sanctioned country of technical data or assistance or the licensing
for export to the sanctioned country of any component part.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HFE8183701A284B44A3BFCDE595D831F"><enum>(6)</enum><header>United states
munitions list</header><text>No item on the United States Munitions List
(established pursuant to section 38 of the Arms Export Control Act) may be
exported to the sanctioned country.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HAFEA5212C4DC43B2BB7EA21D6553B7A7"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Suspension of
military and dual-use technical exchange agreements</header><text>The United
States Government shall suspend compliance with its obligations under any
technical exchange agreement involving military and dual-use technology between
the United States and the sanctioned country that does not directly contribute
to the security of the United States, and no military or dual-use technology
may be exported from the United States to the sanctioned country pursuant to
that agreement during that period.</text>
</subsection></section><enum>II</enum><header>Sanctions
targeting Syria’s energy sector</header>
<section id="H70D2FF1F422342B49704EE3B08FE5DA7"><enum>201.</enum><header>Imposition of
sanctions</header>
<subsection id="H62FE5516E59B4365957F6F04C3BF117"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Imposition of
sanctions</header><text>Except as provided in subsection (f), the President
shall impose the sanctions specified in paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection
(b) and one more of the sanctions specified in paragraphs (3) through (6) of
such subsection, if the President determines that a person has, on or after the
date of the enactment of this Act, made an investment of $5,000,000 or more (or
any combination of investments thereof, which in the aggregate equals or
exceeds $5,000,000 in any 12-month period), that contributed to the enhancement
of the Government of Syria’s ability to develop petroleum resources in
Syria.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="H8D42EC43E1B0411488AED05FFD11D9C5"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Sanctions
specified</header><text>The sanctions specified in this subsection are as
follows:</text>
<paragraph id="H6CE4F925CB1D4A6AA05D1101CF80D48B"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Export-import
bank assistance for exports to sanctioned persons</header><text>The President
shall direct the Export-Import Bank of the United States not to give approval
to the issuance of any guarantee, insurance, extension of credit, or
participation in the extension of credit in connection with the export of any
goods or services to any sanctioned person.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HA40CEB2347D94147BE40098E37A9002B"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Loans from
united states financial institutions</header><text>The United States Government
shall prohibit any United States financial institution from making loans or
providing credits to any sanctioned person totaling more than $10,000,000 in
any 12-month period unless such person is engaged in activities to relieve
human suffering and the loans or credits are provided for such
activities.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HFB58E0CB917744ED8E7F36677F5E0000"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Export
sanction</header><text>The President may order the United States Government not
to issue any specific license and not to grant any other specific permission or
authority to export any goods or technology to a sanctioned person
under—</text>
<subparagraph id="HA84E4E5B50524FA2AA43FBB1E9FA2884"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the Export Administration Act of
1979;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H186F4529D90542DFB6C397758400179C"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the Arms Export Control Act;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HA0168858F8574DF08C86FA18B6AC8FF0"><enum>(C)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the Atomic Energy Act of 1954; or</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HE9BE4585FBEC4D49B2D4CF4EC888F121"><enum>(D)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">any other statute that requires the prior
review and approval of the United States Government as a condition for the
export or reexport of goods or services.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H29390C9F20534D3BB38F27C5833E45A1"><enum>(4)</enum><header>Prohibitions on
financial institutions</header><text>The following prohibitions may be imposed
against a sanctioned person that is a financial institution:</text>
<subparagraph id="H5279C9BDB7CF4567AC283808DF55CC44"><enum>(A)</enum><header>Prohibition on
designation as primary dealer</header><text>Neither the Board of Governors of
the Federal Reserve System nor the Federal Reserve Bank of New York may
designate, or permit the continuation of any prior designation of, such
financial institution as a primary dealer in United States Government debt
instruments.</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H4A2AC593012349FF87F472BBEEF30000"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Prohibition on
service as a repository of government funds</header><text>Such financial
institution may not serve as an agent of the United States Government or serve
as repository for United States Government funds.</text>
</subparagraph><continuation-text continuation-text-level="paragraph">The
imposition of either sanction under subparagraph (A) or (B) shall be treated as
one sanction for purposes of this title, and the imposition of both such
sanctions shall be treated as two sanctions for purposes of this title.</continuation-text></paragraph><paragraph id="HC8BE235967754D7E80372339B4D8BF9D"><enum>(5)</enum><header>Procurement
sanction</header><text>The United States Government may not procure, or enter
into any contract for the procurement of, any goods or services from a
sanctioned person.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H5A539CBFE0DF424893D149DCADD83676"><enum>(6)</enum><header>Additional
sanctions</header><text>The President may impose sanctions, as appropriate, to
restrict imports with respect to a sanctioned person, in accordance with the
International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 and
following).</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H0E33383A2BBD4C22988B678C690874D"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Persons against
which the sanctions are To be imposed</header>
<paragraph id="HAE6C2A07A92C4C7292CFA98DDA9B2B04"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>The sanctions described in subsections (a) and (b) shall
be imposed on—</text>
<subparagraph id="H19C4DDC9D94F4AA59D00A94ED2411DF5"><enum>(A)</enum><text>any person the
President determines has carried out the activities described in subsection
(a); and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H1280F88CADF64B1BB27CFCACFB27F5C3"><enum>(B)</enum><text>any person the
President determines—</text>
<clause id="HE7218B850DF14EC200E8DDAB4D342C3"><enum>(i)</enum><text>is a
successor entity to the person referred to in subparagraph (A);</text>
</clause><clause id="H0BFA553EF3F04D22B3DCA02B4D912F2C"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>is
a parent or subsidiary of the person referred to in subparagraph (A) if that
parent or subsidiary engaged in the activities referred to in subparagraph (A);
or</text>
</clause><clause id="H7BCFAC6DE77342EA955C4B8640CDF0B8"><enum>(iii)</enum><text>is
an affiliate of the person referred to in subparagraph (A) if that affiliate
engaged in the activities referred to in paragraph (1) and if that affiliate is
controlled in fact by the person referred to in subparagraph (A).</text>
</clause></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H80C46CC7D81744609B91D333C291E4F"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Sanctioned person
defined</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">For purposes of this
title, the term <term>sanctioned person</term> means any person or entity
described in paragraph (1).</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HEA90DBE705E4496191D880ADCEFDC959"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Publication in
Federal Register</header><text>The President shall cause to be published in the
Federal Register a current list of sanctioned persons. The removal of persons
or entities from, and the addition of persons and entities to, the list of
sanctioned persons, shall also be so published.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="H5D23CC947C6C418085B611C640EA8314"><enum>(e)</enum><header>Publication of
projects</header><text>The President shall cause to be published in the Federal
Register a list of all projects which have been publicly tendered in the oil
and gas sector in Syria.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="H0807C1641D554B14A3E1921DC163345"><enum>(f)</enum><header>Exceptions</header><text>The
President shall not be required to apply or maintain the sanctions specified in
subsection (b)—</text>
<paragraph id="HE43EA6AFE5E2479AB7FB004271CB8149"><enum>(1)</enum><text>in the case of
procurement of defense articles or defense services—</text>
<subparagraph id="H2B778090A2A54751BEAB23A479A877BC"><enum>(A)</enum><text>under existing
contracts or subcontracts, including the exercise of options for production
quantities to satisfy requirements essential to the national security of the
United States;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HA7FDCC4250524C3AABD6307511DEA1B"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">if the President determines and certifies
in writing to the appropriate congressional committees that the person to which
the sanctions would otherwise be applied is a sole source supplier of the
defense articles or services, that the defense articles or services are
essential, and that alternative sources are not readily or reasonably
available; or</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HEB140B4EBDF841578878B01CD0547370"><enum>(C)</enum><text>if the President
determines and certifies in writing to the appropriate congressional committees
that such articles or services are essential to the national security of the
United States under defense coproduction agreements;</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HF1137F0915AC4FA4BAFD24852741CAA8"><enum>(2)</enum><text>in the case of
procurement, to eligible products, as defined in section 308(4) of the Trade
Agreements Act of 1979 (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/19/2518">19 U.S.C. 2518(4)</external-xref>), of any foreign country or
instrumentality designated under section 301(b)(1) of that Act (19 U.S.C.
2511(b)(1));</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H4A3665BE3C6C475E88D7D1EF5785D62"><enum>(3)</enum><text>to
products, technology, or services provided under contracts entered into before
the date on which the President publishes in the Federal Register the name of
the person with respect to whom the sanctions are to be imposed;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H886F611E839F4BA5B5EBACFAA7BD76AA"><enum>(4)</enum><text>to—</text>
<subparagraph id="HECEE0B1FD96447138806B22B5EA35EC6"><enum>(A)</enum><text>spare parts which
are essential to United States products or production; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HB4ED43B3782B45D395723450D510C00"><enum>(B)</enum><text>component parts,
but not finished products, essential to United States products or production;
and</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H88BDBB2612134A349389CDBE0EE0091"><enum>(5)</enum><text>to
medicines, medical supplies, or other humanitarian items.</text>
</paragraph></subsection></section><section id="H5254BE0463FB45FD87C5A09760EB6E1D"><enum>202.</enum><header>Advisory
opinions</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">The Secretary of
State may, upon the request of any person, issue an advisory opinion to that
person as to whether a proposed activity by that person would subject that
person to sanctions under section 201. Any person who relies in good faith on
such an advisory opinion which states that the proposed activity would not
subject a person to such sanctions, and any person who thereafter engages in
such activity, shall not be made subject to such sanctions on account of such
activity.</text>
</section><section id="H299EB2BC55DE425EA4C7E82907C3A1B0"><enum>203.</enum><header>Termination of
sanctions</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">The requirement to
impose sanctions under section 201 shall no longer have force or effect with
respect to the Government of Syria if the President determines and certifies to
the appropriate congressional committees that the Government of Syria—</text>
<paragraph id="H3AABE38FB28E4E79ACD2D16B99B49187"><enum>(1)</enum><text>has ceased its
efforts to design, develop, manufacture, or acquire—</text>
<subparagraph id="HE81833343D6043AE0055A2E3BC8C4244"><enum>(A)</enum><text>a nuclear
explosive device or related materials and technology;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HAF8809993B734F8689620034D030B830"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">chemical, biological, and radiological
weapons; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="HA893FE58223C4A32987250EB07F76C8E"><enum>(C)</enum><text>ballistic missiles
and ballistic missile launch technology;</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HC1554C02073F48B283F86BD8F4FA2814"><enum>(2)</enum><text>is no longer a
country the government of which the Secretary of State has determined, for the
purposes of section 6(j) of the Export Administration Act of 1979, section 620A
of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, section 40 of the Arms Export Control
Act, or any other provision of law, to be a government that has repeatedly
provided support for acts of international terrorism;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H3A606F3D92644723B11D7F017B1868BD"><enum>(3)</enum><text>is in compliance
with all of its international commitments, including pertinent United Nations
Security Council resolutions;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H4F6F70D09DB041638136816100F401BC"><enum>(4)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">respects the territorial integrity,
sovereignty, and right to exist of neighboring countries; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H5A204B1179BF4B5784C7AFB1BFCF2376"><enum>(5)</enum><text>poses no threat to
United States security, United States interests, and United States allies in
the region.</text>
</paragraph></section><section id="H7F89AECBDD69433F8EF3ACC31BDFF2E5"><enum>204.</enum><header>Duration of
sanctions; presidential waiver</header>
<subsection id="H2E614E81CB324EAD8F6071A67D2046B4"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Delay of
Sanctions</header>
<paragraph id="H465FFB3D67234850BD323674235041B1"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Consultations</header><text>If
the President makes a determination under section 201 that a sanction specified
in such section should be imposed with respect to a foreign person, Congress
urges the President to initiate consultations immediately with the government
with primary jurisdiction over the foreign person with respect to the
imposition of sanctions under such section.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HC511817DA6084A2CAACE433F63E0B89D"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Actions by
government of jurisdiction</header><text>In order to pursue consultations under
paragraph (1) with the government with primary jurisdiction over a foreign
person described in such paragraph, the President may delay imposition of
sanctions under section 201 with respect to the foreign person for up to 90
days. Following such consultations with the government involved, the President
shall immediately impose such sanctions unless the President determines and
certifies to the appropriate congressional committees that the government has
taken specific and effective actions, including the imposition of appropriate
penalties, to terminate the involvement of the foreign person in the activities
that resulted in the determination by the President to impose sanctions under
section 201 with respect to the person.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H9B427EDBFD254AB4B805262B81B49EC1"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Duration of
sanctions</header><text>A sanction imposed under section 201 shall remain in
effect—</text>
<paragraph id="HFDA2316B850644B7A5D4DF379567ECC"><enum>(1)</enum><text>for a period of not
less than two years from the date on which it is imposed; or</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H4A2393B63701422C995D5400D071FD51"><enum>(2)</enum><text>until such time as
the President determines and certifies to the Congress that the person whose
activities were the basis for imposing the sanction is no longer engaging in
such activities and that the President has received reliable assurances that
such person will not engage in such activities in the future, except that such
sanction shall remain in effect for a period of not less than one year.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H3E9FB23BA251498796120096C31F481E"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Presidential
Waiver</header>
<paragraph id="H80EFC87208574209B3D4FAA26395E410"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>The President may, on a case by case basis, waive for a
single period of not more than six months the application of a sanction imposed
under section 201 with respect to a foreign person, if the President certifies
to the appropriate congressional committees at least 30 days before such waiver
is to take effect that—</text>
<subparagraph id="HC7CB92885A8D4E9980FBA55123D5E53D"><enum>(A)</enum><text>such waiver is
vital to the national security of the United States; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H19B76C7FCC494392B9170714665CD9AD"><enum>(B)</enum><text>the government of
the country with respect to which the foreign person is a national has
undertaken substantial measures to prevent the acquisition and development of
weapons of mass destruction by the Government of Syria and to deny the
Government of Syria the resources and capability to engage in the
state-sponsorship of terrorism.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph></subsection></section><section commented="no" id="HA0693484C8724C90B8FF95ECEB23FECB"><enum>205.</enum><header>Determinations
not reviewable</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">A determination
to impose sanctions under section 201 shall not be reviewable in any
court.</text>
</section><section commented="no" id="HDDF6EF86C0604E83B3918800F3825918"><enum>206.</enum><header>Exclusion of
certain activities</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Nothing in
this title shall apply to any activities subject to the reporting requirements
of title V of the National Security Act of 1947.</text>
</section><enum>III</enum><header>Diplomatic
efforts to isolate the Government of Syria</header>
<section id="HA08683169A8F4C7F862F574205AA021D"><enum>301.</enum><header>Sense of
Congress relating to bilateral efforts</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">It is the sense of Congress that the
Secretary of State should ensure that United States diplomatic personnel abroad
understand and, in their contacts with foreign officials, are communicating the
reasons for United States policy and sanctions against the Government of Syria,
and are urging foreign governments to cooperate more effectively with the
Government of the United States in compelling the Government of Syria to cease
policies and activities that threaten global peace and security.</text>
</section><section id="H08554A693C02464DA1C5BD491BE5385F"><enum>302.</enum><header>Opposition to
Syria’s membership and candidacy for leadership posts in United Nations
institutions</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">The President
shall direct the United States Permanent Representative to the United Nations,
United Nations organizations and entities, and United Nations-affiliated
agencies and bodies, to continue to use the voice and vote of the United States
to oppose Syria’s membership and candidacy for leadership posts in such
institutions, and engage in diplomatic efforts to secure multilateral support
for such efforts.</text>
</section><section id="H63A0F405996748F687D6ACD6EACC6995"><enum>303.</enum><header>Actions at the
United Nations General Assembly</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">The President shall take the necessary steps
to secure support for the adoption of a resolution at the United Nations
General Assembly holding the Government of Syria accountable for its systematic
violations of human rights of Syrian and Lebanese citizens and calling for the
appointment of a United Nations Special Rapporteur to investigate such human
rights violations.</text>
</section><section id="H60C389F3108247D6B5C7447BF6D2AF37"><enum>304.</enum><header>Actions at
international financial institutions</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">The President shall instruct the United
States Executive Director at each international financial institution (as
defined in section 1701(c)(2) of the International Financial Institutions Act)
to use the voice and vote of the United States to oppose any loan or other
assistance to Syria and to oppose Syria’s membership in the institution.</text>
</section><section id="H4E9A632B958D4B31BBACE468005B34B9"><enum>305.</enum><header>Actions at the
International Atomic Energy Agency</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">The President shall instruct the United
States Permanent Representative to the International Atomic Energy Agency
(IAEA) to—</text>
<paragraph id="HF3D36ED090474DC9B7AAB18410C9973E"><enum>(1)</enum><text>seek the adoption
of a resolution calling on Syria to declare all nuclear-related facilities,
immediately and unconditionally suspend any activity which could be used to
develop nuclear-weapons capability, and provide full access to IAEA inspectors
to its nuclear-related facilities;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HBDD0DED034CD4F88B7D3EB198E551F1B"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">block the allocation of funds for IAEA
development, environmental, or nuclear-related assistance or activity to the
Government of Syria or any agency or instrumentality thereof until the
determinations set forth in paragraphs (1) through (4) of section 102 have been
met; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HE5827F20B4574AC6B70540DBC61CE6E"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">block membership of the Government of Syria
on the Board of Governors of the IAEA.</text>
</paragraph></section><section id="H4D9F5574983347A2828E1FBD143D39D6"><enum>306.</enum><header>Establishment
of United States and regional contact groups</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">The President shall seek to establish
contact groups with relevant countries in the Middle East to provide forums in
which United States officials who are responsible for counter-proliferation
efforts are able to meet, at least twice each year, with their counterpart from
such countries to—</text>
<paragraph id="H0C370A3E5F234E5DAE7257B4EB53285"><enum>(1)</enum><text>discuss the global
threats presented by Syrian nuclear proliferation and sponsorship of
international terrorism; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H8B2C51927BC3470EAC6E00E50947EFB7"><enum>(2)</enum><text>develop strategies
to effectively address these threats.</text>
</paragraph></section><section id="HDB14E91BAE9D4DCCB56018008D00AEF4"><enum>307.</enum><header>Report on
assistance to, and commerce with, Syria</header>
<subsection id="HDDC97ED1CAFE4529A8F36DC18B2DF214"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Report</header><text>Not
later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and on an
annual basis thereafter, the President shall transmit to the appropriate
congressional committees a report on assistance to, and commerce with, Syria by
other foreign countries during the preceding 12-month period.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="H0F49F77F34A84C18921780D5E3851100"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Contents</header><text>Each
report required by subsection (a) shall, for the period covered by the report,
contain the following information, to the extent such information is
available:</text>
<paragraph id="HDECB91A9285E45C1BD97E17459918D60"><enum>(1)</enum><text>A
description of all bilateral assistance provided to Syria by other foreign
countries, including humanitarian assistance.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HBEC4B6F200164E708990357C19881B03"><enum>(2)</enum><text>A
description of Syria’s commerce with foreign countries, including an
identification of Syria’s trading partners and the extent of such trade.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HB4E7DFF70F9443049439F13283A98BEE"><enum>(3)</enum><text>A
description of the joint ventures completed, or under consideration, by foreign
nationals and business firms involving facilities in Syria, including an
identification of the location of the facilities involved and a description of
the terms of agreement of the joint ventures and the names of the parties that
are involved.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H1D1A116816B44BC888F5FB7FB8B22421"><enum>(4)</enum><text>A
determination of the amount of debt of the Government of Syria that is owed to
each foreign country, including—</text>
<subparagraph id="H15BA8C691E2A4123830441757F04447D"><enum>(A)</enum><text>the amount of debt
exchanged, forgiven, or reduced under the terms of each investment or operation
in Syria involving foreign nationals; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H9D75A44B72344E08ACB3A712CC2445E0"><enum>(B)</enum><text>the amount of debt
owed to the foreign country that has been exchanged, forgiven, or reduced in
return for a grant by the Government of Syria of an equity interest in a
property, investment, or operation of the Syrian Government or of a Syrian
national.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="H76C9C2092C83448B9E7E6C31DDD7CB04"><enum>(5)</enum><text>A
description of the steps taken to assure that raw materials and semifinished or
finished goods produced by facilities in Syria involving foreign nationals do
not enter the United States market, either directly or through third countries
or parties.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HD1B757EB29F542ECAB38001E13511D6C"><enum>(6)</enum><text>An identification
of countries and entities that provide, or have provided, arms or military
supplies from Syria or that otherwise have entered into agreements with Syria
that could have a military application, including—</text>
<subparagraph id="H73AB2F64D07C49ABBE6591C3D2281E3C"><enum>(A)</enum><text>a description of
the military supplies, equipment, or other material sold, bartered, or
exchanged between Syria and such countries;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H69B8146D21DD47ABBFFC4E2168F9D246"><enum>(B)</enum><text>a listing of the
goods, services, credits, or other consideration received by Syria in exchange
for military supplies, equipment, or material; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="H237C0F8687A1476BBAA94116EC7FB24D"><enum>(C)</enum><text>the terms or
conditions of any such agreement.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HC30D34C635B1467CB5B8C57E6EC653A5"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Form</header><text>The
report submitted under subsection (a) shall be in unclassified form but may
include a classified annex.</text>
</subsection></section><enum>IV</enum><header>Assistance to
support democracy in Syria </header>
<section id="H7005B73996764584B63841692B336965"><enum>401.</enum><header>Declarations of
policy</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">It shall be the policy
of the United States to support independent human rights and pro-democracy
forces in Syria to promote the emergence of a democratic government in Syria
that will—</text>
<paragraph id="H30BB5C3398A843D4AF1F8F9E35BB6400"><enum>(1)</enum><text>denounce and
combat terrorism;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H89A1C9F7D7614E2A9918CBFDA1D6804E"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">dismantle its chemical, biological,
radiological, and nuclear weapons programs and commit to combating the
proliferation of such weapons;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HDB6775F8A3D140E587F23DB2D1B429E7"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">respect the boundaries, sovereignty, and
right to exist of its neighbors and live in peace and security with all the
countries in the region; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="HB3BDC2CE87844A50BC31B84E952B84B5"><enum>(4)</enum><text>uphold and defend
the human rights and civil liberties of its citizens.</text>
</paragraph></section><section id="H1E3BCC41737F4D8389E0D28231F7EA00"><enum>402.</enum><header>Assistance to
support a transition to democracy in Syria</header>
<subsection id="H56DE5598C1154FE58200E4E92EFFB6FB"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Authorization</header><text>Notwithstanding
any other provision of law, the President is authorized to provide assistance
and other support for individuals and independent nongovernmental organizations
to support a transition to a freely-elected, internationally recognized
democratic government in Syria.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="HC6F13034224C42B3BD4BD61FCA5F918"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Activities
supported</header><text>Assistance provided under subsection (a) shall, to the
maximum extent practicable, be used to carry out the following
activities:</text>
<paragraph id="HAC15105B1E3F48699DE08E4CEFB5401E"><enum>(1)</enum><text>Democracy-building
and civil society efforts in Syria, including the provision of assistance to
organizations certified by the President to be independent democratic
organizations, victims of political repression and their families, and
prisoners of conscience and their families.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="H4CD35FF378C94FCAAB8DBDE52FCD7509"><enum>(2)</enum><text>Radio and
television broadcasting to Syria to support democracy-building and civil
society efforts in Syria.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HB4DCD917B26A4F369D00007F368D8272"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Authorization of
appropriations</header><text>To carry out this section, there are authorized to
be appropriated to the President sums as may be necessary for fiscal year 2008
and each subsequent fiscal year.</text>
</subsection></section>