[Congressional Bills 110th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 2332 Introduced in House (IH)]







110th CONGRESS
  1st Session
                                H. R. 2332

  To strengthen sanctions against the Government of Syria, to enhance 
     multilateral commitment to address the Government of Syria's 
threatening policies, to establish a program to support a transition to 
 a democratically-elected government in Syria, and for other purposes.


_______________________________________________________________________


                    IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                              May 15, 2007

Ms. Ros-Lehtinen (for herself, Mr. Engel, Mr. Blunt, Mr. Hoekstra, Mr. 
 Hunter, Mr. Cantor, Mr. McCotter, Mr. Chabot, Mr. Burton of Indiana, 
Mr. Pence, Mr. Rohrabacher, Mr. Fortuno, Mr. Wilson of South Carolina, 
 Mr. Mack, Mr. Poe, Mr. McCaul of Texas, Mr. Burgess, Mr. Tiberi, Mrs. 
   Myrick, Mr. Gerlach, Mr. LaTourette, Mr. Terry, Mr. Lamborn, Mr. 
 Goodlatte, Mr. Linder, Mr. Kline of Minnesota, Mr. Saxton, Mr. Mario 
Diaz-Balart of Florida, and Mr. McHugh) introduced the following bill; 
which was referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and in addition 
to the Committees on Ways and Means, Financial Services, and Oversight 
 and Government Reform, for a period to be subsequently determined by 
the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall 
           within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
  To strengthen sanctions against the Government of Syria, to enhance 
     multilateral commitment to address the Government of Syria's 
threatening policies, to establish a program to support a transition to 
 a democratically-elected government in Syria, and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Syria 
Accountability and Liberation Act''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents of this Act is as 
follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Definitions.
      TITLE I--STRENGTHENING UNITED STATES SANCTIONS AGAINST SYRIA

Sec. 101. Declarations of policy.
Sec. 102. Codification of existing sanctions.
Sec. 103. Sanctions against certain persons.
Sec. 104. Sanctions against certain foreign countries.
          TITLE II--SANCTIONS TARGETING SYRIA'S ENERGY SECTOR

Sec. 201. Imposition of sanctions.
Sec. 202. Advisory opinions.
Sec. 203. Termination of sanctions.
Sec. 204. Duration of sanctions; presidential waiver.
Sec. 205. Determinations not reviewable.
Sec. 206. Exclusion of certain activities.
    TITLE III--DIPLOMATIC EFFORTS TO ISOLATE THE GOVERNMENT OF SYRIA

Sec. 301. Sense of Congress relating to bilateral efforts.
Sec. 302. Opposition to Syria's membership and candidacy for leadership 
                            posts in United Nations institutions.
Sec. 303. Actions at the United Nations General Assembly.
Sec. 304. Actions at international financial institutions.
Sec. 305. Actions at the International Atomic Energy Agency.
Sec. 306. Establishment of United States and regional contact groups.
Sec. 307. Report on assistance to, and commerce with, Syria.
           TITLE IV--ASSISTANCE TO SUPPORT DEMOCRACY IN SYRIA

Sec. 401. Declarations of policy.
Sec. 402. Assistance to support a transition to democracy in Syria.

SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.

    In this Act:
            (1) Appropriate congressional committees.--The term 
        ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
                    (A) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the 
                Committee on Appropriations of the House of 
                Representatives; and
                    (B) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the 
                Committee on Appropriations of the Senate.
            (2) Develop; development.--To ``develop'', or the 
        ``development'' of, petroleum resources means the exploration 
        for, or the extraction, refining, or transportation by pipeline 
        of, petroleum resources.
            (3) Goods and technology.--The terms ``goods'' and 
        ``technology'' have the meanings given those terms in section 
        16 of the Export Administration Act of 1979 (50 U.S.C. App. 
        2415).
            (4) Government of syria.--The term ``Government of Syria'' 
        includes any agency or instrumentality of the Government of 
        Syria, including any entity that is controlled by the 
        Government of Syria.
            (5) Investment.--
                    (A) In general.--The term ``investment'' means any 
                of the following activities if the activity is 
                undertaken pursuant to an agreement, or pursuant to the 
                exercise of rights under such an agreement, that is 
                entered into with the Government of Syria or a 
                nongovernmental entity in Syria on or after the date of 
                the enactment of this Act:
                            (i) The entry into a contract that includes 
                        responsibility for the development of petroleum 
                        resources located in Syria, or the entry into a 
                        contract providing for the general supervision 
                        and guarantee of another person's performance 
                        of such a contract.
                            (ii) The purchase of a share of ownership, 
                        including an equity interest, in that 
                        development.
                            (iii) The entry into a contract providing 
                        for the participation in royalties, earnings, 
                        or profits in that development, without regard 
                        to the form of the participation.
                    (B) Exclusion.--The term ``investment'' does not 
                include the entry into, performance, or financing of a 
                contract to sell or purchase goods, services, or 
                technology.
                    (C) Amendments or modifications.--For purposes of 
                this paragraph, an amendment or other modification that 
                is made, on or after the date of the enactment of this 
                Act, to an agreement or contract shall be treated as 
                the entry of an agreement or contract.
            (6) Person.--The term ``person'' means--
                    (A) a natural person; and
                    (B) a corporation, business association, 
                partnership, society, trust, any other nongovernmental 
                entity, organization, or group, and any governmental 
                entity operating as a business enterprise.
            (7) Petroleum resources.--The term ``petroleum resources'' 
        includes petroleum and natural gas resources.
            (8) United states assistance.--The term ``United States 
        assistance'' means--
                    (A) any assistance under the Foreign Assistance Act 
                of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2251 et seq.), other than urgent 
                humanitarian assistance or medicine;
                    (B) sales and assistance under the Arms Export 
                Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.);
                    (C) financing by the Commodity Credit Corporation 
                for export sales of agricultural commodities; and
                    (D) financing under the Export-Import Bank Act of 
                1945 (12 U.S.C. 635 et seq.).

      TITLE I--STRENGTHENING UNITED STATES SANCTIONS AGAINST SYRIA

SEC. 101. DECLARATIONS OF POLICY.

    Congress makes the following declarations of policy:
            (1) The actions of the Government of the Syrian Arab 
        Republic, including its support for, and facilitation of, 
        terrorist activities, including inside of Iraq, its development 
        of long-range missiles and weapons of mass destruction programs 
        and capabilities, its continued interference with the internal 
        affairs of the Lebanese Republic in violation of multiple 
        United Nations Security Council resolutions and of its 
        international obligations, and its massive, systematic, and 
        extraordinary violations of human rights of the Syrian people, 
        are a threat to the national security interests of the United 
        States and international peace.
            (2) The policy of the United States shall be to deny the 
        Government of Syria the ability to carry out the following:
                    (A) To finance, provide safe-haven, or otherwise 
                support terrorist organizations.
                    (B) To develop chemical, biological, radiological, 
                or nuclear weapons and long-range ballistic missiles.
                    (C) To continue to interfere in the affairs of the 
                Government of Lebanon in contravention of multiple 
                United Nations Security Council Resolutions, and other 
                pertinent obligations.
                    (D) To continue to oppress the people of Syria.
            (3) The President should advocate for, and should instruct 
        the United States Permanent Representative to the United 
        Nations to propose and seek within the United Nations Security 
        Council, a mandatory international embargo against the 
        Government of Syria, pursuant to Article 41 of the Charter of 
        the United Nations.
            (4) Any effort by a country that is a recipient of United 
        States assistance to facilitate, directly or indirectly, the 
        development of Syria's chemical, biological, radiological, or 
        nuclear weapons capabilities, long-range ballistic missile 
        development programs, or to help make operational any nuclear 
        facility in Syria will have a detrimental impact on United 
        States assistance to, or commercial and financial relations 
        with, such country.

SEC. 102. CODIFICATION OF EXISTING SANCTIONS.

    Restrictions against the Government of Syria, and on persons by 
reason of their direction of, or contribution to, activities of the 
Government of Syria, that were imposed pursuant to the International 
Emergency Economic Powers Act, the Syria Accountability and Lebanese 
Sovereignty Act of 2003, the Iran, North Korea, and Syria 
Nonproliferation Act, or any similar provision of law, as in effect on 
the date of the enactment of this Act, including the restrictions 
imposed under Executive Order 12938 (as amended by Executive Order 
13094), Executive Order 13338, Executive Order 13399, and any similar 
Executive Order, shall remain in effect against the Government of Syria 
and may not be lifted pursuant to such provisions of law until the 
President certifies to the appropriate congressional committees that a 
government exists in Syria that--
            (1) has ceased any and all support for terrorism and has 
        not provided such support during the preceding 5-year period, 
        including support for Palestinian terrorist groups, and has not 
        been determined by the Secretary of State, for the purposes of 
        section 6(j) of the Export Administration Act of 1979, section 
        620A of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, section 40 of the 
        Arms Export Control Act, or any other provision of law, to be a 
        government that has repeatedly provided support for acts of 
        international terrorism at any time during that 5-year period;
            (2) has permanently dismantled Syria's chemical, 
        biological, radiological, and nuclear weapons programs and has 
        taken demonstrable steps to combat the proliferation of such 
        weapons;
            (3) respects the boundaries, sovereignty, and right to 
        exist of all neighboring countries; and
            (4) upholds and defends the human rights and civil 
        liberties of its people.

SEC. 103. SANCTIONS AGAINST CERTAIN PERSONS.

    (a) Prohibition.--If any person transfers or retransfers goods or 
technology so as to contribute to the efforts by the Government of 
Syria to acquire or develop destabilizing numbers or types of advanced 
conventional weapons, or to acquire, develop, produce, or stockpile 
biological, chemical, radiological, or nuclear weapons or long-range 
ballistic missiles, then the sanctions described in subsection (b) 
shall be imposed.
    (b) Sanctions.--The sanctions to be imposed pursuant to subsection 
(a) are as follows:
            (1) Procurement sanction.--The United States Government 
        shall not procure, or enter into any contract for the 
        procurement of, any goods or services from the sanctioned 
        person.
            (2) Export sanction.--The United States Government shall 
        not issue any license for any export by or to the sanctioned 
        person.
            (3) Import sanction.--The President shall ban the 
        importation of any article that is a product of the sanctioned 
        person.
    (c) Persons Against Whom Sanctions Are To Be Imposed.--The 
sanctions described in subsections (a) and (b) shall be imposed on--
            (1) any person the President determines has carried out the 
        activities described in subsection (a); and
            (2) any person the President determines--
                    (A) is a successor entity to the person referred to 
                in paragraph (1);
                    (B) is a parent or subsidiary of the person 
                referred to in paragraph (1) if that parent or 
                subsidiary engaged in the activities referred to in 
                paragraph (1); or
                    (C) is an affiliate of the person referred to in 
                paragraph (1) if that affiliate engaged in the 
                activities referred to in paragraph (1) and if that 
                affiliate is controlled in fact by the person referred 
                to in paragraph (1).
    (d) Sanctioned Person Defined.--For purposes of this title, the 
term ``sanctioned person'' means any person or entity described in 
paragraph (1).

SEC. 104. SANCTIONS AGAINST CERTAIN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.

    (a) Prohibition.--If the President determines that the government 
of any foreign country transfers or retransfers goods or technology, or 
provides assistance, so as to contribute to the efforts by the 
Government of Syria to acquire or develop destabilizing numbers and 
types of advanced conventional weapons, or to acquire, develop, 
produce, or stockpile chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear 
weapons and long-range ballistic missiles, then the President shall 
impose two or more of the sanctions described in subsection (b), and 
the sanctions described in subsection (c).
    (b) Sanctions.--The sanctions referred to in subsection (a) are as 
follows:
            (1) Suspension of united states assistance.--The United 
        States Government shall suspend United States assistance to the 
        sanctioned country.
            (2) Export sanction.--The United States Government shall 
        not issue any license for any export by or to the sanctioned 
        country.
            (3) Import sanction.--The President shall ban the 
        importation of any article that is a product of the sanctioned 
        country.
            (4) International financial institution assistance.--The 
        Secretary of the Treasury shall instruct the United States 
        Executive Director at each international financial institution 
        (as defined in section 1701(c)(2) of the International 
        Financial Institutions Act) to oppose and vote against the 
        extension by such institution of any financial or technical 
        assistance to the sanctioned country.
            (5) Suspension of codevelopment or coproduction 
        agreements.--The United States Government shall suspend 
        compliance with its obligations under any memorandum of 
        understanding with the sanctioned country for the codevelopment 
        or coproduction of any item on the United States Munitions List 
        (established under section 38 of the Arms Export Control Act 
        (22 U.S.C. 2778)), including any obligation for implementation 
        of the memorandum of understanding through the sale to the 
        sanctioned country of technical data or assistance or the 
        licensing for export to the sanctioned country of any component 
        part.
            (6) United states munitions list.--No item on the United 
        States Munitions List (established pursuant to section 38 of 
        the Arms Export Control Act) may be exported to the sanctioned 
        country.
    (c) Suspension of Military and Dual-Use Technical Exchange 
Agreements.--The United States Government shall suspend compliance with 
its obligations under any technical exchange agreement involving 
military and dual-use technology between the United States and the 
sanctioned country that does not directly contribute to the security of 
the United States, and no military or dual-use technology may be 
exported from the United States to the sanctioned country pursuant to 
that agreement during that period.

          TITLE II--SANCTIONS TARGETING SYRIA'S ENERGY SECTOR

SEC. 201. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS.

    (a) Imposition of Sanctions.--Except as provided in subsection (f), 
the President shall impose the sanctions specified in paragraphs (1) 
and (2) of subsection (b) and one more of the sanctions specified in 
paragraphs (3) through (6) of such subsection, if the President 
determines that a person has, on or after the date of the enactment of 
this Act, made an investment of $5,000,000 or more (or any combination 
of investments thereof, which in the aggregate equals or exceeds 
$5,000,000 in any 12-month period), that contributed to the enhancement 
of the Government of Syria's ability to develop petroleum resources in 
Syria.
    (b) Sanctions Specified.--The sanctions specified in this 
subsection are as follows:
            (1) Export-import bank assistance for exports to sanctioned 
        persons.--The President shall direct the Export-Import Bank of 
        the United States not to give approval to the issuance of any 
        guarantee, insurance, extension of credit, or participation in 
        the extension of credit in connection with the export of any 
        goods or services to any sanctioned person.
            (2) Loans from united states financial institutions.--The 
        United States Government shall prohibit any United States 
        financial institution from making loans or providing credits to 
        any sanctioned person totaling more than $10,000,000 in any 12-
        month period unless such person is engaged in activities to 
        relieve human suffering and the loans or credits are provided 
        for such activities.
            (3) Export sanction.--The President may order the United 
        States Government not to issue any specific license and not to 
        grant any other specific permission or authority to export any 
        goods or technology to a sanctioned person under--
                    (A) the Export Administration Act of 1979;
                    (B) the Arms Export Control Act;
                    (C) the Atomic Energy Act of 1954; or
                    (D) any other statute that requires the prior 
                review and approval of the United States Government as 
                a condition for the export or reexport of goods or 
                services.
            (4) Prohibitions on financial institutions.--The following 
        prohibitions may be imposed against a sanctioned person that is 
        a financial institution:
                    (A) Prohibition on designation as primary dealer.--
                Neither the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve 
                System nor the Federal Reserve Bank of New York may 
                designate, or permit the continuation of any prior 
                designation of, such financial institution as a primary 
                dealer in United States Government debt instruments.
                    (B) Prohibition on service as a repository of 
                government funds.--Such financial institution may not 
                serve as an agent of the United States Government or 
                serve as repository for United States Government funds.
        The imposition of either sanction under subparagraph (A) or (B) 
        shall be treated as one sanction for purposes of this title, 
        and the imposition of both such sanctions shall be treated as 
        two sanctions for purposes of this title.
            (5) Procurement sanction.--The United States Government may 
        not procure, or enter into any contract for the procurement of, 
        any goods or services from a sanctioned person.
            (6) Additional sanctions.--The President may impose 
        sanctions, as appropriate, to restrict imports with respect to 
        a sanctioned person, in accordance with the International 
        Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 and following).
    (c) Persons Against Which the Sanctions Are To Be Imposed.--
            (1) In general.--The sanctions described in subsections (a) 
        and (b) shall be imposed on--
                    (A) any person the President determines has carried 
                out the activities described in subsection (a); and
                    (B) any person the President determines--
                            (i) is a successor entity to the person 
                        referred to in subparagraph (A);
                            (ii) is a parent or subsidiary of the 
                        person referred to in subparagraph (A) if that 
                        parent or subsidiary engaged in the activities 
                        referred to in subparagraph (A); or
                            (iii) is an affiliate of the person 
                        referred to in subparagraph (A) if that 
                        affiliate engaged in the activities referred to 
                        in paragraph (1) and if that affiliate is 
                        controlled in fact by the person referred to in 
                        subparagraph (A).
            (2) Sanctioned person defined.--For purposes of this title, 
        the term ``sanctioned person'' means any person or entity 
        described in paragraph (1).
    (d) Publication in Federal Register.--The President shall cause to 
be published in the Federal Register a current list of sanctioned 
persons. The removal of persons or entities from, and the addition of 
persons and entities to, the list of sanctioned persons, shall also be 
so published.
    (e) Publication of Projects.--The President shall cause to be 
published in the Federal Register a list of all projects which have 
been publicly tendered in the oil and gas sector in Syria.
    (f) Exceptions.--The President shall not be required to apply or 
maintain the sanctions specified in subsection (b)--
            (1) in the case of procurement of defense articles or 
        defense services--
                    (A) under existing contracts or subcontracts, 
                including the exercise of options for production 
                quantities to satisfy requirements essential to the 
                national security of the United States;
                    (B) if the President determines and certifies in 
                writing to the appropriate congressional committees 
                that the person to which the sanctions would otherwise 
                be applied is a sole source supplier of the defense 
                articles or services, that the defense articles or 
                services are essential, and that alternative sources 
                are not readily or reasonably available; or
                    (C) if the President determines and certifies in 
                writing to the appropriate congressional committees 
                that such articles or services are essential to the 
                national security of the United States under defense 
                coproduction agreements;
            (2) in the case of procurement, to eligible products, as 
        defined in section 308(4) of the Trade Agreements Act of 1979 
        (19 U.S.C. 2518(4)), of any foreign country or instrumentality 
        designated under section 301(b)(1) of that Act (19 U.S.C. 
        2511(b)(1));
            (3) to products, technology, or services provided under 
        contracts entered into before the date on which the President 
        publishes in the Federal Register the name of the person with 
        respect to whom the sanctions are to be imposed;
            (4) to--
                    (A) spare parts which are essential to United 
                States products or production; and
                    (B) component parts, but not finished products, 
                essential to United States products or production; and
            (5) to medicines, medical supplies, or other humanitarian 
        items.

SEC. 202. ADVISORY OPINIONS.

    The Secretary of State may, upon the request of any person, issue 
an advisory opinion to that person as to whether a proposed activity by 
that person would subject that person to sanctions under section 201. 
Any person who relies in good faith on such an advisory opinion which 
states that the proposed activity would not subject a person to such 
sanctions, and any person who thereafter engages in such activity, 
shall not be made subject to such sanctions on account of such 
activity.

SEC. 203. TERMINATION OF SANCTIONS.

    The requirement to impose sanctions under section 201 shall no 
longer have force or effect with respect to the Government of Syria if 
the President determines and certifies to the appropriate congressional 
committees that the Government of Syria--
            (1) has ceased its efforts to design, develop, manufacture, 
        or acquire--
                    (A) a nuclear explosive device or related materials 
                and technology;
                    (B) chemical, biological, and radiological weapons; 
                and
                    (C) ballistic missiles and ballistic missile launch 
                technology;
            (2) is no longer a country the government of which the 
        Secretary of State has determined, for the purposes of section 
        6(j) of the Export Administration Act of 1979, section 620A of 
        the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, section 40 of the Arms 
        Export Control Act, or any other provision of law, to be a 
        government that has repeatedly provided support for acts of 
        international terrorism;
            (3) is in compliance with all of its international 
        commitments, including pertinent United Nations Security 
        Council resolutions;
            (4) respects the territorial integrity, sovereignty, and 
        right to exist of neighboring countries; and
            (5) poses no threat to United States security, United 
        States interests, and United States allies in the region.

SEC. 204. DURATION OF SANCTIONS; PRESIDENTIAL WAIVER.

    (a) Delay of Sanctions.--
            (1) Consultations.--If the President makes a determination 
        under section 201 that a sanction specified in such section 
        should be imposed with respect to a foreign person, Congress 
        urges the President to initiate consultations immediately with 
        the government with primary jurisdiction over the foreign 
        person with respect to the imposition of sanctions under such 
        section.
            (2) Actions by government of jurisdiction.--In order to 
        pursue consultations under paragraph (1) with the government 
        with primary jurisdiction over a foreign person described in 
        such paragraph, the President may delay imposition of sanctions 
        under section 201 with respect to the foreign person for up to 
        90 days. Following such consultations with the government 
        involved, the President shall immediately impose such sanctions 
        unless the President determines and certifies to the 
        appropriate congressional committees that the government has 
        taken specific and effective actions, including the imposition 
        of appropriate penalties, to terminate the involvement of the 
        foreign person in the activities that resulted in the 
        determination by the President to impose sanctions under 
        section 201 with respect to the person.
    (b) Duration of Sanctions.--A sanction imposed under section 201 
shall remain in effect--
            (1) for a period of not less than two years from the date 
        on which it is imposed; or
            (2) until such time as the President determines and 
        certifies to the Congress that the person whose activities were 
        the basis for imposing the sanction is no longer engaging in 
        such activities and that the President has received reliable 
        assurances that such person will not engage in such activities 
        in the future, except that such sanction shall remain in effect 
        for a period of not less than one year.
    (c) Presidential Waiver.--
            (1) In general.--The President may, on a case by case 
        basis, waive for a single period of not more than six months 
        the application of a sanction imposed under section 201 with 
        respect to a foreign person, if the President certifies to the 
        appropriate congressional committees at least 30 days before 
        such waiver is to take effect that--
                    (A) such waiver is vital to the national security 
                of the United States; and
                    (B) the government of the country with respect to 
                which the foreign person is a national has undertaken 
                substantial measures to prevent the acquisition and 
                development of weapons of mass destruction by the 
                Government of Syria and to deny the Government of Syria 
                the resources and capability to engage in the state-
                sponsorship of terrorism.

SEC. 205. DETERMINATIONS NOT REVIEWABLE.

    A determination to impose sanctions under section 201 shall not be 
reviewable in any court.

SEC. 206. EXCLUSION OF CERTAIN ACTIVITIES.

    Nothing in this title shall apply to any activities subject to the 
reporting requirements of title V of the National Security Act of 1947.

    TITLE III--DIPLOMATIC EFFORTS TO ISOLATE THE GOVERNMENT OF SYRIA

SEC. 301. SENSE OF CONGRESS RELATING TO BILATERAL EFFORTS.

    It is the sense of Congress that the Secretary of State should 
ensure that United States diplomatic personnel abroad understand and, 
in their contacts with foreign officials, are communicating the reasons 
for United States policy and sanctions against the Government of Syria, 
and are urging foreign governments to cooperate more effectively with 
the Government of the United States in compelling the Government of 
Syria to cease policies and activities that threaten global peace and 
security.

SEC. 302. OPPOSITION TO SYRIA'S MEMBERSHIP AND CANDIDACY FOR LEADERSHIP 
              POSTS IN UNITED NATIONS INSTITUTIONS.

    The President shall direct the United States Permanent 
Representative to the United Nations, United Nations organizations and 
entities, and United Nations-affiliated agencies and bodies, to 
continue to use the voice and vote of the United States to oppose 
Syria's membership and candidacy for leadership posts in such 
institutions, and engage in diplomatic efforts to secure multilateral 
support for such efforts.

SEC. 303. ACTIONS AT THE UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY.

    The President shall take the necessary steps to secure support for 
the adoption of a resolution at the United Nations General Assembly 
holding the Government of Syria accountable for its systematic 
violations of human rights of Syrian and Lebanese citizens and calling 
for the appointment of a United Nations Special Rapporteur to 
investigate such human rights violations.

SEC. 304. ACTIONS AT INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS.

    The President shall instruct the United States Executive Director 
at each international financial institution (as defined in section 
1701(c)(2) of the International Financial Institutions Act) to use the 
voice and vote of the United States to oppose any loan or other 
assistance to Syria and to oppose Syria's membership in the 
institution.

SEC. 305. ACTIONS AT THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY.

    The President shall instruct the United States Permanent 
Representative to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) to--
            (1) seek the adoption of a resolution calling on Syria to 
        declare all nuclear-related facilities, immediately and 
        unconditionally suspend any activity which could be used to 
        develop nuclear-weapons capability, and provide full access to 
        IAEA inspectors to its nuclear-related facilities;
            (2) block the allocation of funds for IAEA development, 
        environmental, or nuclear-related assistance or activity to the 
        Government of Syria or any agency or instrumentality thereof 
        until the determinations set forth in paragraphs (1) through 
        (4) of section 102 have been met; and
            (3) block membership of the Government of Syria on the 
        Board of Governors of the IAEA.

SEC. 306. ESTABLISHMENT OF UNITED STATES AND REGIONAL CONTACT GROUPS.

    The President shall seek to establish contact groups with relevant 
countries in the Middle East to provide forums in which United States 
officials who are responsible for counter-proliferation efforts are 
able to meet, at least twice each year, with their counterpart from 
such countries to--
            (1) discuss the global threats presented by Syrian nuclear 
        proliferation and sponsorship of international terrorism; and
            (2) develop strategies to effectively address these 
        threats.

SEC. 307. REPORT ON ASSISTANCE TO, AND COMMERCE WITH, SYRIA.

    (a) Report.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment 
of this Act, and on an annual basis thereafter, the President shall 
transmit to the appropriate congressional committees a report on 
assistance to, and commerce with, Syria by other foreign countries 
during the preceding 12-month period.
    (b) Contents.--Each report required by subsection (a) shall, for 
the period covered by the report, contain the following information, to 
the extent such information is available:
            (1) A description of all bilateral assistance provided to 
        Syria by other foreign countries, including humanitarian 
        assistance.
            (2) A description of Syria's commerce with foreign 
        countries, including an identification of Syria's trading 
        partners and the extent of such trade.
            (3) A description of the joint ventures completed, or under 
        consideration, by foreign nationals and business firms 
        involving facilities in Syria, including an identification of 
        the location of the facilities involved and a description of 
        the terms of agreement of the joint ventures and the names of 
        the parties that are involved.
            (4) A determination of the amount of debt of the Government 
        of Syria that is owed to each foreign country, including--
                    (A) the amount of debt exchanged, forgiven, or 
                reduced under the terms of each investment or operation 
                in Syria involving foreign nationals; and
                    (B) the amount of debt owed to the foreign country 
                that has been exchanged, forgiven, or reduced in return 
                for a grant by the Government of Syria of an equity 
                interest in a property, investment, or operation of the 
                Syrian Government or of a Syrian national.
            (5) A description of the steps taken to assure that raw 
        materials and semifinished or finished goods produced by 
        facilities in Syria involving foreign nationals do not enter 
        the United States market, either directly or through third 
        countries or parties.
            (6) An identification of countries and entities that 
        provide, or have provided, arms or military supplies from Syria 
        or that otherwise have entered into agreements with Syria that 
        could have a military application, including--
                    (A) a description of the military supplies, 
                equipment, or other material sold, bartered, or 
                exchanged between Syria and such countries;
                    (B) a listing of the goods, services, credits, or 
                other consideration received by Syria in exchange for 
                military supplies, equipment, or material; and
                    (C) the terms or conditions of any such agreement.
    (c) Form.--The report submitted under subsection (a) shall be in 
unclassified form but may include a classified annex.

           TITLE IV--ASSISTANCE TO SUPPORT DEMOCRACY IN SYRIA

SEC. 401. DECLARATIONS OF POLICY.

    It shall be the policy of the United States to support independent 
human rights and pro-democracy forces in Syria to promote the emergence 
of a democratic government in Syria that will--
            (1) denounce and combat terrorism;
            (2) dismantle its chemical, biological, radiological, and 
        nuclear weapons programs and commit to combating the 
        proliferation of such weapons;
            (3) respect the boundaries, sovereignty, and right to exist 
        of its neighbors and live in peace and security with all the 
        countries in the region; and
            (4) uphold and defend the human rights and civil liberties 
        of its citizens.

SEC. 402. ASSISTANCE TO SUPPORT A TRANSITION TO DEMOCRACY IN SYRIA.

    (a) Authorization.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the 
President is authorized to provide assistance and other support for 
individuals and independent nongovernmental organizations to support a 
transition to a freely-elected, internationally recognized democratic 
government in Syria.
    (b) Activities Supported.--Assistance provided under subsection (a) 
shall, to the maximum extent practicable, be used to carry out the 
following activities:
            (1) Democracy-building and civil society efforts in Syria, 
        including the provision of assistance to organizations 
        certified by the President to be independent democratic 
        organizations, victims of political repression and their 
        families, and prisoners of conscience and their families.
            (2) Radio and television broadcasting to Syria to support 
        democracy-building and civil society efforts in Syria.
    (c) Authorization of Appropriations.--To carry out this section, 
there are authorized to be appropriated to the President sums as may be 
necessary for fiscal year 2008 and each subsequent fiscal year.
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