[Congressional Bills 110th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 1593 Enrolled Bill (ENR)]

        H.R.1593

                       One Hundred Tenth Congress

                                 of the

                        United States of America


                          AT THE SECOND SESSION

          Begun and held at the City of Washington on Thursday,
            the third day of January, two thousand and eight


                                 An Act


 
   To reauthorize the grant program for reentry of offenders into the 
community in the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968, to 
  improve reentry planning and implementation, and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
    This Act may be cited as the ``Second Chance Act of 2007: Community 
Safety Through Recidivism Prevention'' or the ``Second Chance Act of 
2007''.
SEC. 2. TABLE OF CONTENTS.
    The table of contents for this Act is as follows:

Sec. 1. Short title.
Sec. 2. Table of contents.
Sec. 3. Purposes; findings.
Sec. 4. Definition of Indian tribe.
Sec. 5. Submission of reports to Congress.
Sec. 6. Rule of construction.

   TITLE I--AMENDMENTS RELATED TO THE OMNIBUS CRIME CONTROL AND SAFE 
                           STREETS ACT OF 1968

              Subtitle A--Improvements to Existing Programs

Sec. 101. Reauthorization of adult and juvenile offender State and local 
          reentry demonstration projects.
Sec. 102. Improvement of the residential substance abuse treatment for 
          State offenders program.
Sec. 103 Definition of violent offender for drug court grant program.
Sec. 104. Use of violent offender truth-in-sentencing grant funding for 
          demonstration project activities.

  Subtitle B--New and Innovative Programs To Improve Offender Reentry 
                                Services

Sec. 111. State, tribal, and local reentry courts.
Sec. 112. Prosecution drug treatment alternative to prison programs.
Sec. 113. Grants for family-based substance abuse treatment.
Sec. 114. Grant to evaluate and improve education at prisons, jails, and 
          juvenile facilities.
Sec. 115. Technology Careers Training Demonstration Grants.

     TITLE II--ENHANCED DRUG TREATMENT AND MENTORING GRANT PROGRAMS

                       Subtitle A--Drug Treatment

Sec. 201. Offender reentry substance abuse and criminal justice 
          collaboration program.

                          Subtitle B--Mentoring

Sec. 211. Mentoring grants to nonprofit organizations.
Sec. 212. Responsible reintegration of offenders.
Sec. 213. Bureau of prisons policy on mentoring contacts.
Sec. 214. Bureau of prisons policy on chapel library materials.

              Subtitle C--Administration of Justice Reforms

              Chapter 1--Improving Federal Offender Reentry

Sec. 231. Federal prisoner reentry initiative.
Sec. 232. Bureau of prisons policy on restraining of female prisoners.

                       Chapter 2--Reentry Research

Sec. 241. Offender reentry research.
Sec. 242. Grants to study parole or post-incarceration supervision 
          violations and revocations.
Sec. 243. Addressing the needs of children of incarcerated parents.
Sec. 244. Study of effectiveness of depot naltrexone for heroin 
          addiction.
Sec. 245. Authorization of appropriations for research.

             Chapter 3--Correctional Reforms to Existing Law

Sec. 251. Clarification of authority to place prisoner in community 
          corrections.
Sec. 252. Residential drug abuse program in Federal prisons.
Sec. 253. Contracting for services for post-conviction supervision 
          offenders.

                   Chapter 4--Miscellaneous Provisions

Sec. 261. Extension of national prison rape elimination commission.
SEC. 3. PURPOSES; FINDINGS.
    (a) Purposes.--The purposes of the Act are--
        (1) to break the cycle of criminal recidivism, increase public 
    safety, and help States, local units of government, and Indian 
    Tribes, better address the growing population of criminal offenders 
    who return to their communities and commit new crimes;
        (2) to rebuild ties between offenders and their families, while 
    the offenders are incarcerated and after reentry into the 
    community, to promote stable families and communities;
        (3) to encourage the development and support of, and to expand 
    the availability of, evidence-based programs that enhance public 
    safety and reduce recidivism, such as substance abuse treatment, 
    alternatives to incarceration, and comprehensive reentry services;
        (4) to protect the public and promote law-abiding conduct by 
    providing necessary services to offenders, while the offenders are 
    incarcerated and after reentry into the community, in a manner that 
    does not confer luxuries or privileges upon such offenders;
        (5) to assist offenders reentering the community from 
    incarceration to establish a self-sustaining and law-abiding life 
    by providing sufficient transitional services for as short of a 
    period as practicable, not to exceed one year, unless a longer 
    period is specifically determined to be necessary by a medical or 
    other appropriate treatment professional; and
        (6) to provide offenders in prisons, jails or juvenile 
    facilities with educational, literacy, vocational, and job 
    placement services to facilitate re-entry into the community.
    (b) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
        (1) In 2002, over 7,000,000 people were incarcerated in Federal 
    or State prisons or in local jails. Nearly 650,000 people are 
    released from Federal and State incarceration into communities 
    nationwide each year.
        (2) There are over 3,200 jails throughout the United States, 
    the vast majority of which are operated by county governments. Each 
    year, these jails will release more than 10,000,000 people back 
    into the community.
        (3) Recent studies indicate that over \2/3\ of released State 
    prisoners are expected to be rearrested for a felony or serious 
    misdemeanor within 3 years after release.
        (4) According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, expenditures 
    on corrections alone increased from $9,000,000,000 in 1982, to 
    $59,600,000,000 in 2002. These figures do not include the cost of 
    arrest and prosecution, nor do they take into account the cost to 
    victims.
        (5) The Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative (SVORI) 
    provided $139,000,000 in funding for State governments to develop 
    and implement education, job training, mental health treatment, and 
    substance abuse treatment for serious and violent offenders. This 
    Act seeks to build upon the innovative and successful State reentry 
    programs developed under the SVORI, which terminated after fiscal 
    year 2005.
        (6) Between 1991 and 1999, the number of children with a parent 
    in a Federal or State correctional facility increased by more than 
    100 percent, from approximately 900,000 to approximately 2,000,000. 
    According to the Bureau of Prisons, there is evidence to suggest 
    that inmates who are connected to their children and families are 
    more likely to avoid negative incidents and have reduced sentences.
        (7) Released prisoners cite family support as the most 
    important factor in helping them stay out of prison. Research 
    suggests that families are an often underutilized resource in the 
    reentry process.
        (8) Approximately 100,000 juveniles (ages 17 years and under) 
    leave juvenile correctional facilities, State prison, or Federal 
    prison each year. Juveniles released from secure confinement still 
    have their likely prime crime years ahead of them. Juveniles 
    released from secure confinement have a recidivism rate ranging 
    from 55 to 75 percent. The chances that young people will 
    successfully transition into society improve with effective reentry 
    and aftercare programs.
        (9) Studies have shown that between 15 percent and 27 percent 
    of prisoners expect to go to homeless shelters upon release from 
    prison.
        (10) Fifty-seven percent of Federal and 70 percent of State 
    inmates used drugs regularly before going to prison, and the Bureau 
    of Justice statistics report titled ``Trends in State Parole, 1990-
    2000'' estimates the use of drugs or alcohol around the time of the 
    offense that resulted in the incarceration of the inmate at as high 
    as 84 percent.
        (11) Family-based treatment programs have proven results for 
    serving the special populations of female offenders and substance 
    abusers with children. An evaluation by the Substance Abuse and 
    Mental Health Services Administration of family-based treatment for 
    substance-abusing mothers and children found that 6 months after 
    such treatment, 60 percent of the mothers remained alcohol and drug 
    free, and drug-related offenses declined from 28 percent to 7 
    percent. Additionally, a 2003 evaluation of residential family-
    based treatment programs revealed that 60 percent of mothers 
    remained clean and sober 6 months after treatment, criminal arrests 
    declined by 43 percent, and 88 percent of the children treated in 
    the program with their mothers remained stabilized.
        (12) A Bureau of Justice Statistics analysis indicated that 
    only 33 percent of Federal inmates and 36 percent of State inmates 
    had participated in residential in-patient treatment programs for 
    alcohol and drug abuse 12 months before their release. Further, 
    over one-third of all jail inmates have some physical or mental 
    disability and 25 percent of jail inmates have been treated at some 
    time for a mental or emotional problem.
        (13) State Substance Abuse Agency Directors, also known as 
    Single State Authorities, manage the publicly funded substance 
    abuse prevention and treatment system of the Nation. Single State 
    Authorities are responsible for planning and implementing statewide 
    systems of care that provide clinically appropriate substance abuse 
    services. Given the high rate of substance use disorders among 
    offenders reentering our communities, successful reentry programs 
    require close interaction and collaboration with each Single State 
    Authority as the program is planned, implemented, and evaluated.
        (14) According to the National Institute of Literacy, 70 
    percent of all prisoners function at the lowest literacy levels.
        (15) Less than 32 percent of State prison inmates have a high 
    school diploma or a higher level of education, compared to 82 
    percent of the general population.
        (16) Approximately 38 percent of inmates who completed 11 years 
    or less of school were not working before entry into prison.
        (17) The percentage of State prisoners participating in 
    educational programs decreased by more than 8 percent between 1991 
    and 1997, despite growing evidence of how educational programming 
    while incarcerated reduces recidivism.
        (18) The National Institute of Justice has found that 1 year 
    after release, up to 60 percent of former inmates are not employed.
        (19) Transitional jobs programs have proven to help people with 
    criminal records to successfully return to the workplace and to the 
    community, and therefore can reduce recidivism.
SEC. 4. DEFINITION OF INDIAN TRIBE.
    In this Act, the term ``Indian Tribe'' has the meaning given that 
term in section 901 of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act 
of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3791).
SEC. 5. SUBMISSION OF REPORTS TO CONGRESS.
    Not later than January 31 of each year, the Attorney General shall 
submit to the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate and the 
Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives each report 
required by the Attorney General under this Act or an amendment made by 
this Act during the preceding year.
SEC. 6. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.
    Nothing in this Act or an amendment made by this Act shall be 
construed as creating a right or entitlement to assistance or services 
for any individual, program, or grant recipient. Each grant made under 
this Act or an amendment made by this Act shall--
        (1) be made as competitive grants to eligible entities for a 
    12-month period, except that grants awarded under section 113, 201, 
    211, and 212 may be made for a 24-month period; and
        (2) require that services for participants, when necessary and 
    appropriate, be transferred from programs funded under this Act or 
    the amendment made by this Act, respectively, to State and 
    community-based programs not funded under this Act or the amendment 
    made by this Act, respectively, before the expiration of the grant.

   TITLE I--AMENDMENTS RELATED TO THE OMNIBUS CRIME CONTROL AND SAFE 
                          STREETS ACT OF 1968
             Subtitle A--Improvements to Existing Programs

    SEC. 101. REAUTHORIZATION OF ADULT AND JUVENILE OFFENDER STATE AND 
      LOCAL REENTRY DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS.
    (a) Adult and Juvenile Offender Demonstration Projects 
Authorized.--Section 2976(b) of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe 
Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3797w(b)) is amended by striking 
paragraphs (1) through (4) and inserting the following:
        ``(1) providing offenders in prisons, jails, or juvenile 
    facilities with educational, literacy, vocational, and job 
    placement services to facilitate re-entry into the community;
        ``(2) providing substance abuse treatment and services 
    (including providing a full continuum of substance abuse treatment 
    services that encompasses outpatient and comprehensive residential 
    services and recovery);
        ``(3) providing coordinated supervision and comprehensive 
    services for offenders upon release from prison, jail, or a 
    juvenile facility, including housing and mental and physical health 
    care to facilitate re-entry into the community, and which, to the 
    extent applicable, are provided by community-based entities 
    (including coordinated reentry veteran-specific services for 
    eligible veterans);
        ``(4) providing programs that--
            ``(A) encourage offenders to develop safe, healthy, and 
        responsible family relationships and parent-child 
        relationships; and
            ``(B) involve the entire family unit in comprehensive 
        reentry services (as appropriate to the safety, security, and 
        well-being of the family and child);
        ``(5) encouraging the involvement of prison, jail, or juvenile 
    facility mentors in the reentry process and enabling those mentors 
    to remain in contact with offenders while in custody and after 
    reentry into the community;
        ``(6) providing victim-appropriate services, encouraging the 
    timely and complete payment of restitution and fines by offenders 
    to victims, and providing services such as security and counseling 
    to victims upon release of offenders; and
        ``(7) protecting communities against dangerous offenders by 
    using validated assessment tools to assess the risk factors of 
    returning inmates and developing or adopting procedures to ensure 
    that dangerous felons are not released from prison prematurely.''.
    (b) Juvenile Offender Demonstration Projects Reauthorized.--Section 
2976(c) of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (42 
U.S.C. 3797w(c)) is amended by striking ``may be expended for'' and all 
that follows through the period at the end and inserting ``may be 
expended for any activity described in subsection (b).''.
    (c) Applications; Requirements; Priorities; Performance 
Measurements.--Section 2976 of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe 
Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3797w) is amended--
        (1) by redesignating subsection (h) as subsection (o); and
        (2) by striking subsections (d) through (g) and inserting the 
    following:
    ``(d) Applications.--A State, unit of local government, territory, 
or Indian Tribe, or combination thereof, desiring a grant under this 
section shall submit an application to the Attorney General that--
        ``(1) contains a reentry strategic plan, as described in 
    subsection (h), which describes the long-term strategy and 
    incorporates a detailed implementation schedule, including the 
    plans of the applicant to pay for the program after the Federal 
    funding is discontinued;
        ``(2) identifies the local government role and the role of 
    governmental agencies and nonprofit organizations that will be 
    coordinated by, and that will collaborate on, the offender reentry 
    strategy of the applicant, and certifies the involvement of such 
    agencies and organizations;
        ``(3) describes the evidence-based methodology and outcome 
    measures that will be used to evaluate the program funded with a 
    grant under this section, and specifically explains how such 
    measurements will provide valid measures of the impact of that 
    program; and
        ``(4) describes how the project could be broadly replicated if 
    demonstrated to be effective.
    ``(e) Requirements.--The Attorney General may make a grant to an 
applicant under this section only if the application--
        ``(1) reflects explicit support of the chief executive officer 
    of the State, unit of local government, territory, or Indian Tribe 
    applying for a grant under this section;
        ``(2) provides extensive discussion of the role of State 
    corrections departments, community corrections agencies, juvenile 
    justice systems, or local jail systems in ensuring successful 
    reentry of offenders into their communities;
        ``(3) provides extensive evidence of collaboration with State 
    and local government agencies overseeing health, housing, child 
    welfare, education, substance abuse, victims services, and 
    employment services, and with local law enforcement agencies;
        ``(4) provides a plan for analysis of the statutory, 
    regulatory, rules-based, and practice-based hurdles to 
    reintegration of offenders into the community; and
        ``(5) includes the use of a State, local, territorial, or 
    Tribal task force, described in subsection (i), to carry out the 
    activities funded under the grant.
    ``(f) Priority Considerations.--The Attorney General shall give 
priority to grant applications under this section that best--
        ``(1) focus initiative on geographic areas with a 
    disproportionate population of offenders released from prisons, 
    jails, and juvenile facilities;
        ``(2) include--
            ``(A) input from nonprofit organizations, in any case where 
        relevant input is available and appropriate to the grant 
        application;
            ``(B) consultation with crime victims and offenders who are 
        released from prisons, jails, and juvenile facilities; and
            ``(C) coordination with families of offenders;
        ``(3) demonstrate effective case assessment and management 
    abilities in order to provide comprehensive and continuous reentry, 
    including--
            ``(A) planning while offenders are in prison, jail, or a 
        juvenile facility, prerelease transition housing, and community 
        release;
            ``(B) establishing prerelease planning procedures to ensure 
        that the eligibility of an offender for Federal or State 
        benefits upon release is established prior to release, subject 
        to any limitations in law, and to ensure that offenders obtain 
        all necessary referrals for reentry services; and
            ``(C) delivery of continuous and appropriate drug 
        treatment, medical care, job training and placement, 
        educational services, or any other service or support needed 
        for reentry;
        ``(4) review the process by which the applicant adjudicates 
    violations of parole, probation, or supervision following release 
    from prison, jail, or a juvenile facility, taking into account 
    public safety and the use of graduated, community-based sanctions 
    for minor and technical violations of parole, probation, or 
    supervision (specifically those violations that are not otherwise, 
    and independently, a violation of law);
        ``(5) provide for an independent evaluation of reentry programs 
    that include, to the maximum extent possible, random assignment and 
    controlled studies to determine the effectiveness of such programs; 
    and
        ``(6) target high-risk offenders for reentry programs through 
    validated assessment tools.
    ``(g) Uses of Grant Funds.--
        ``(1) Federal share.--
            ``(A) In general.--The Federal share of a grant received 
        under this section may not exceed 50 percent of the project 
        funded under such grant.
            ``(B) In-kind contributions.--
                ``(i) In general.--Subject to clause (ii), the 
            recipient of a grant under this section may meet the 
            matching requirement under subparagraph (A) by making in-
            kind contributions of goods or services that are directly 
            related to the purpose for which such grant was awarded.
                ``(ii) Maximum percentage.--Not more than 50 percent of 
            the amount provided by a recipient of a grant under this 
            section to meet the matching requirement under subparagraph 
            (A) may be provided through in-kind contributions under 
            clause (i).
        ``(2) Supplement not supplant.--Federal funds received under 
    this section shall be used to supplement, not supplant, non-Federal 
    funds that would otherwise be available for the activities funded 
    under this section.
    ``(h) Reentry Strategic Plan.--
        ``(1) In general.--As a condition of receiving financial 
    assistance under this section, each applicant shall develop a 
    comprehensive strategic reentry plan that contains measurable 
    annual and 5-year performance outcomes, and that uses, to the 
    maximum extent possible, random assigned and controlled studies to 
    determine the effectiveness of the program funded with a grant 
    under this section. One goal of that plan shall be to reduce the 
    rate of recidivism (as defined by the Attorney General, consistent 
    with the research on offender reentry undertaken by the Bureau of 
    Justice Statistics) by 50 percent over a 5-year period for 
    offenders released from prison, jail, or a juvenile facility who 
    are served with funds made available under this section.
        ``(2) Coordination.--In developing a reentry plan under this 
    subsection, an applicant shall coordinate with communities and 
    stakeholders, including persons in the fields of public safety, 
    juvenile and adult corrections, housing, health, education, 
    substance abuse, children and families, victims services, 
    employment, and business and members of nonprofit organizations 
    that can provide reentry services.
        ``(3) Measurements of progress.--Each reentry plan developed 
    under this subsection shall measure the progress of the applicant 
    toward increasing public safety by reducing rates of recidivism and 
    enabling released offenders to transition successfully back into 
    their communities.
    ``(i) Reentry Task Force.--
        ``(1) In general.--As a condition of receiving financial 
    assistance under this section, each applicant shall establish or 
    empower a Reentry Task Force, or other relevant convening 
    authority, to--
            ``(A) examine ways to pool resources and funding streams to 
        promote lower recidivism rates for returning offenders and 
        minimize the harmful effects of offenders' time in prison, 
        jail, or a juvenile facility on families and communities of 
        offenders by collecting data and best practices in offender 
        reentry from demonstration grantees and other agencies and 
        organizations; and
            ``(B) provide the analysis described in subsection (e)(4).
        ``(2) Membership.--The task force or other authority under this 
    subsection shall be comprised of--
            ``(A) relevant State, Tribal, territorial, or local 
        leaders; and
            ``(B) representatives of relevant--
                ``(i) agencies;
                ``(ii) service providers;
                ``(iii) nonprofit organizations; and
                ``(iv) stakeholders.
    ``(j) Strategic Performance Outcomes.--
        ``(1) In general.--Each applicant shall identify in the reentry 
    strategic plan developed under subsection (h), specific performance 
    outcomes relating to the long-term goals of increasing public 
    safety and reducing recidivism.
        ``(2) Performance outcomes.--The performance outcomes 
    identified under paragraph (1) shall include, with respect to 
    offenders released back into the community--
            ``(A) reduction in recidivism rates, which shall be 
        reported in accordance with the measure selected by the 
        Director of the Bureau of Justice Statistics under section 
        234(c)(2) of the Second Chance Act of 2007;
            ``(B) reduction in crime;
            ``(C) increased employment and education opportunities;
            ``(D) reduction in violations of conditions of supervised 
        release;
            ``(E) increased payment of child support;
            ``(F) increased housing opportunities;
            ``(G) reduction in drug and alcohol abuse; and
            ``(H) increased participation in substance abuse and mental 
        health services.
        ``(3) Other outcomes.--A grantee under this section may include 
    in the reentry strategic plan developed under subsection (h) other 
    performance outcomes that increase the success rates of offenders 
    who transition from prison, jails, or juvenile facilities.
        ``(4) Coordination.--A grantee under this section shall 
    coordinate with communities and stakeholders about the selection of 
    performance outcomes identified by the applicant, and shall consult 
    with the Attorney General for assistance with data collection and 
    measurement activities as provided for in the grant application 
    materials.
        ``(5) Report.--Each grantee under this section shall submit to 
    the Attorney General an annual report that--
            ``(A) identifies the progress of the grantee toward 
        achieving its strategic performance outcomes; and
            ``(B) describes other activities conducted by the grantee 
        to increase the success rates of the reentry population, such 
        as programs that foster effective risk management and treatment 
        programming, offender accountability, and community and victim 
        participation.
    ``(k) Performance Measurement.--
        ``(1) In general.--The Attorney General, in consultation with 
    grantees under this section, shall--
            ``(A) identify primary and secondary sources of information 
        to support the measurement of the performance indicators 
        identified under this section;
            ``(B) identify sources and methods of data collection in 
        support of performance measurement required under this section;
            ``(C) provide to all grantees technical assistance and 
        training on performance measures and data collection for 
        purposes of this section; and
            ``(D) consult with the Substance Abuse and Mental Health 
        Services Administration and the National Institute on Drug 
        Abuse on strategic performance outcome measures and data 
        collection for purposes of this section relating to substance 
        abuse and mental health.
        ``(2) Coordination.--The Attorney General shall coordinate with 
    other Federal agencies to identify national and other sources of 
    information to support performance measurement of grantees.
        ``(3) Standards for analysis.--Any statistical analysis of 
    population data conducted pursuant to this section shall be 
    conducted in accordance with the Federal Register Notice dated 
    October 30, 1997, relating to classification standards.
    ``(l) Future Eligibility.--To be eligible to receive a grant under 
this section in any fiscal year after the fiscal year in which a 
grantee receives a grant under this section, a grantee shall submit to 
the Attorney General such information as is necessary to demonstrate 
that--
        ``(1) the grantee has adopted a reentry plan that reflects 
    input from nonprofit organizations, in any case where relevant 
    input is available and appropriate to the grant application;
        ``(2) the reentry plan of the grantee includes performance 
    measures to assess progress of the grantee toward a 10 percent 
    reduction in the rate of recidivism over a 2-year period;
        ``(3) the grantee will coordinate with the Attorney General, 
    nonprofit organizations (if relevant input from nonprofit 
    organizations is available and appropriate), and other experts 
    regarding the selection and implementation of the performance 
    measures described in subsection (k); and
        ``(4) the grantee has made adequate progress, as determined by 
    the Attorney General, toward reducing the rate of recidivism by 10 
    percent over a 2-year period.
    ``(m) National Adult and Juvenile Offender Reentry Resource 
Center.--
        ``(1) Authority.--The Attorney General may, using amounts made 
    available to carry out this subsection, make a grant to an eligible 
    organization to provide for the establishment of a National Adult 
    and Juvenile Offender Reentry Resource Center.
        ``(2) Eligible organization.--An organization eligible for the 
    grant under paragraph (1) is any national nonprofit organization 
    approved by the Interagency Task Force on Federal Programs and 
    Activities Relating to the Reentry of Offenders Into the Community, 
    that provides technical assistance and training to, and has special 
    expertise and broad, national-level experience in, offender reentry 
    programs, training, and research.
        ``(3) Use of funds.--The organization receiving a grant under 
    paragraph (1) shall establish a National Adult and Juvenile 
    Offender Reentry Resource Center to--
            ``(A) provide education, training, and technical assistance 
        for States, tribes, territories, local governments, service 
        providers, nonprofit organizations, and corrections 
        institutions;
            ``(B) collect data and best practices in offender reentry 
        from demonstration grantees and others agencies and 
        organizations;
            ``(C) develop and disseminate evaluation tools, mechanisms, 
        and measures to better assess and document coalition 
        performance measures and outcomes;
            ``(D) disseminate information to States and other relevant 
        entities about best practices, policy standards, and research 
        findings;
            ``(E) develop and implement procedures to assist relevant 
        authorities in determining when release is appropriate and in 
        the use of data to inform the release decision;
            ``(F) develop and implement procedures to identify 
        efficiently and effectively those violators of probation, 
        parole, or supervision following release from prison, jail, or 
        a juvenile facility who should be returned to prisons, jails, 
        or juvenile facilities and those who should receive other 
        penalties based on defined, graduated sanctions;
            ``(G) collaborate with the Interagency Task Force on 
        Federal Programs and Activities Relating to the Reentry of 
        Offenders Into the Community, and the Federal Resource Center 
        for Children of Prisoners;
            ``(H) develop a national reentry research agenda; and
            ``(I) establish a database to enhance the availability of 
        information that will assist offenders in areas including 
        housing, employment, counseling, mentoring, medical and mental 
        health services, substance abuse treatment, transportation, and 
        daily living skills.
        ``(4) Limit.--Of amounts made available to carry out this 
    section, not more than 4 percent of the authorized level shall be 
    available to carry out this subsection.
    ``(n) Administration.--Of amounts made available to carry out this 
section--
        ``(1) not more than 2 percent of the authorized level shall be 
    available for administrative expenses in carrying out this section; 
    and
        ``(2) not more than 2 percent of the authorized level shall be 
    made available to the National Institute of Justice to evaluate the 
    effectiveness of the demonstration projects funded under this 
    section, using a methodology that--
            ``(A) includes, to the maximum extent feasible, random 
        assignment of offenders (or entities working with such persons) 
        to program delivery and control groups; and
            ``(B) generates evidence on which reentry approaches and 
        strategies are most effective.''.
    (d) Grant Authorization.--Section 2976(a) of the Omnibus Crime 
Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3797w(a)) is amended by 
striking ``States, Territories'' and all that follows through the 
period at the end and inserting the following: ``States, local 
governments, territories, or Indian Tribes, or any combination thereof, 
in partnership with stakeholders, service providers, and nonprofit 
organizations.''.
    (e) Authorization of Appropriations.--Section 2976(o) of the 
Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3797w), 
as so redesignated by subsection (c) of this section, is amended--
        (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``$15,000,000 for fiscal year 
    2003'' and all that follows and inserting ``$55,000,000 for each of 
    fiscal years 2009 and 2010.''; and
        (2) by amending paragraph (2) to read as follows:
        ``(2) Limitation; equitable distribution.--
            ``(A) Limitation.--Of the amount made available to carry 
        out this section for any fiscal year, not more than 3 percent 
        or less than 2 percent may be used for technical assistance and 
        training.
            ``(B) Equitable distribution.--The Attorney General shall 
        ensure that grants awarded under this section are equitably 
        distributed among the geographical regions and between urban 
        and rural populations, including Indian Tribes, consistent with 
        the objective of reducing recidivism among criminal 
        offenders.''.
    SEC. 102. IMPROVEMENT OF THE RESIDENTIAL SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT 
      FOR STATE OFFENDERS PROGRAM.
    (a) Requirement for Aftercare Component.--Section 1902(c) of the 
Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3796ff-
1(c)), is amended--
        (1) by striking the subsection heading and inserting 
    ``Requirement for Aftercare Component''; and
        (2) by amending paragraph (1) to read as follows:
        ``(1) To be eligible for funding under this part, a State shall 
    ensure that individuals who participate in the substance abuse 
    treatment program established or implemented with assistance 
    provided under this part will be provided with aftercare services, 
    which may include case management services and a full continuum of 
    support services that ensure providers furnishing services under 
    that program are approved by the appropriate State or local agency, 
    and licensed, if necessary, to provide medical treatment or other 
    health services.''.
    (b) Definition.--Section 1904(d) of the Omnibus Crime Control and 
Safe Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3796ff-3(d)) is amended to read as 
follows:
    ``(d) Residential Substance Abuse Treatment Program Defined.--In 
this part, the term `residential substance abuse treatment program' 
means a course of comprehensive individual and group substance abuse 
treatment services, lasting a period of at least 6 months, in 
residential treatment facilities set apart from the general population 
of a prison or jail (which may include the use of pharmacological 
treatment, where appropriate, that may extend beyond such period).''.
    (c) Requirement for Study and Report on Aftercare Services.--The 
Attorney General, through the National Institute of Justice, and in 
consultation with the National Institute on Drug Abuse, shall conduct a 
study on the use and effectiveness of funds used by the Department of 
Justice for aftercare services under section 1902(c) of the Omnibus 
Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968, as amended by subsection 
(a) of this section, for offenders who reenter the community after 
completing a substance abuse program in prison or jail.
  SEC. 103 DEFINITION OF VIOLENT OFFENDER FOR DRUG COURT GRANT PROGRAM.
    (a) Definition.--Section 2953(a)(1) of the Omnibus Crime Control 
and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3797u-2(a)(1)) is amended by 
inserting ``that is punishable by a term of imprisonment exceeding one 
year'' after ``convicted of an offense''.
    (b) Period for Compliance.--Notwithstanding section 2952(2) of the 
Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3797u-
1(2)), each grantee under part EE of such Act shall have not more than 
3 years from the date of the enactment of this Act to adopt the 
definition of ``violent offender'' under such part, as amended by 
subsection (a) of this section.
    (c) Regulations.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall revise any regulations or 
guidelines described in section 2952 of the Omnibus Crime Control and 
Safe Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3797u-1) in accordance with the 
amendments made by subsection (a). Such regulations shall specify that 
grant amounts under part EE of such Act shall be reduced for any drug 
court that does not adopt the definition of ``violent offender'' under 
such part, as amended by subsection (a) of this section, within 3 years 
after such date of enactment.
    SEC. 104. USE OF VIOLENT OFFENDER TRUTH-IN-SENTENCING GRANT FUNDING 
      FOR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT ACTIVITIES.
    (a) Permissible Uses.--Section 20102(a) of the Violent Crime 
Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 (42 U.S.C. 13702(a)) is 
amended--
        (1) in paragraph (2) by striking ``and'' at the end;
        (2) in paragraph (3) by striking the period at the end and 
    inserting ``; and''; and
        (3) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
        ``(4) to carry out any activity referred to in section 2976(b) 
    of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (42 
    U.S.C. 3797w(b)).''.
    (b) Use of Funds Appropriated.--Section 20108(b)(4) of the Violent 
Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 (42 U.S.C. 13708(b)(4)) 
is amended by adding at the end the following: ``Funds obligated, but 
subsequently unspent and deobligated, may remain available, to the 
extent as may provided in appropriations Acts, for the purpose 
described in section 20102(a)(4) for any subsequent fiscal year. The 
further obligation of such funds by an official for such purpose shall 
not be delayed, directly or indirectly, in any manner by any officer or 
employee in the executive branch.''.

  Subtitle B--New and Innovative Programs To Improve Offender Reentry 
                                Services

    SEC. 111. STATE, TRIBAL, AND LOCAL REENTRY COURTS.
    Part FF of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets 
Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3797w et seq.) is amended by adding at the end 
the following:
``SEC. 2978. STATE, TRIBAL, AND LOCAL REENTRY COURTS.
    ``(a) Grants Authorized.--The Attorney General may award grants, in 
accordance with this section, of not more than $500,000 to--
        ``(1) State, Tribal, and local courts; and
        ``(2) State agencies, municipalities, public agencies, 
    nonprofit organizations, territories, and Indian Tribes that have 
    agreements with courts to take the lead in establishing a reentry 
    court (as described in section 2976(b)(19)).
    ``(b) Use of Grant Funds.--Grant funds awarded under this section 
shall be administered in accordance with such guidelines, regulations, 
and procedures as promulgated by the Attorney General, and may be used 
to--
        ``(1) monitor juvenile and adult offenders reentering the 
    community;
        ``(2) provide juvenile and adult offenders reentering the 
    community with coordinated and comprehensive reentry services and 
    programs such as--
            ``(A) drug and alcohol testing and assessment for 
        treatment;
            ``(B) assessment for substance abuse from a substance abuse 
        professional who is approved by the State or Indian Tribe and 
        licensed by the appropriate entity to provide alcohol and drug 
        addiction treatment, as appropriate;
            ``(C) substance abuse treatment from a provider that is 
        approved by the State or Indian Tribe, and licensed, if 
        necessary, to provide medical and other health services;
            ``(D) health (including mental health) services and 
        assessment;
            ``(E) aftercare and case management services that--
                ``(i) facilitate access to clinical care and related 
            health services; and
                ``(ii) coordinate with such clinical care and related 
            health services; and
            ``(F) any other services needed for reentry;
        ``(3) convene community impact panels, victim impact panels, or 
    victim impact educational classes;
        ``(4) provide and coordinate the delivery of community services 
    to juvenile and adult offenders, including--
            ``(A) housing assistance;
            ``(B) education;
            ``(C) job training;
            ``(D) conflict resolution skills training;
            ``(E) batterer intervention programs; and
            ``(F) other appropriate social services; and
        ``(5) establish and implement graduated sanctions and 
    incentives.
    ``(c) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be 
construed as preventing a grantee that operates a drug court under part 
EE at the time a grant is awarded under this section from using funds 
from such grant to supplement such drug court in accordance with 
paragraphs (1) through (5) of subsection (b).
    ``(d) Application.--To be eligible for a grant under this section, 
an entity described in subsection (a) shall, in addition to any other 
requirements required by the Attorney General, submit to the Attorney 
General an application that--
        ``(1) describes the program to be assisted under this section 
    and the need for such program;
        ``(2) describes a long-term strategy and detailed 
    implementation plan for such program, including how the entity 
    plans to pay for the program after the Federal funding is 
    discontinued;
        ``(3) identifies the governmental and community agencies that 
    will be coordinated by the project;
        ``(4) certifies that--
            ``(A) all agencies affected by the program, including 
        community corrections and parole entities, have been 
        appropriately consulted in the development of the program;
            ``(B) there will be appropriate coordination with all such 
        agencies in the implementation of the program; and
            ``(C) there will be appropriate coordination and 
        consultation with the Single State Authority for Substance 
        Abuse (as that term is defined in section 201(e) of the Second 
        Chance Act of 2007) of the State; and
        ``(5) describes the methodology and outcome measures that will 
    be used to evaluate the program.
    ``(e) Federal Share.--
        ``(1) Matching requirement.--The Federal share of a grant under 
    this section may not exceed 50 percent of the program funded under 
    such grant.
        ``(2) In-kind contributions.--
            ``(A) In general.--Subject to subparagraph (B), the 
        recipient of a grant under this section may meet the matching 
        requirement under paragraph (1) by making in-kind contributions 
        of goods or services that are directly related to the purpose 
        for which such grant was awarded.
            ``(B) Maximum percentage.--Not more than 50 percent of the 
        amount provided by a recipient of a grant under this section to 
        meet the matching requirement under paragraph (1) may be 
        provided through in-kind contributions under subparagraph (A).
        ``(3) Supplement not supplant.--Federal funds received under 
    this section shall be used to supplement, not supplant, non-Federal 
    funds that would otherwise be available for the activities funded 
    under this section.
    ``(f) Annual Report.--Each entity receiving a grant under this 
section shall submit to the Attorney General, for each fiscal year in 
which funds from the grant are expended, a report, at such time and in 
such manner as the Attorney General may reasonably require, that 
contains--
        ``(1) a summary of the activities carried out under the program 
    assisted by the grant;
        ``(2) an assessment of whether the activities are meeting the 
    need for the program identified in the application submitted under 
    subsection (d); and
        ``(3) such other information as the Attorney General may 
    require.
    ``(g) Authorization of Appropriations.--
        ``(1) In general.--There are authorized to be appropriated 
    $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 and 2010 to carry out 
    this section.
        ``(2) Limitations; equitable distribution.--
            ``(A) Limitations.--Of the amount made available to carry 
        out this section in any fiscal year--
                ``(i) not more than 2 percent may be used by the 
            Attorney General for salaries and administrative expenses; 
            and
                ``(ii) not more than 5 percent nor less than 2 percent 
            may be used for technical assistance and training.
            ``(B) Equitable distribution.--The Attorney General shall 
        ensure that grants awarded under this section are equitably 
        distributed among the geographical regions and between urban 
        and rural populations, including Indian Tribes, consistent with 
        the objective of reducing recidivism among criminal 
        offenders.''.
    SEC. 112. PROSECUTION DRUG TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE TO PRISON 
      PROGRAMS.
    (a) Authorization.--Title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe 
Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3711 et seq.) is amended by inserting 
after part BB the following:

  ``PART CC--PROSECUTION DRUG TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE TO PRISON PROGRAM

``SEC. 2901. GRANT AUTHORITY.
    ``(a) In General.--The Attorney General may make grants to State, 
Tribal, and local prosecutors to develop, implement, or expand 
qualified drug treatment programs that are alternatives to 
imprisonment, in accordance with this part.
    ``(b) Qualified Drug Treatment Programs Described.--For purposes of 
this part, a qualified drug treatment program is a program--
        ``(1) that is administered by a State, Tribal, or local 
    prosecutor;
        ``(2) that requires an eligible offender who is sentenced to 
    participate in the program (instead of incarceration) to 
    participate in a comprehensive substance abuse treatment program 
    that is approved by the State or Indian Tribe and licensed, if 
    necessary, to provide medical and other health services;
        ``(3) that requires an eligible offender to receive the consent 
    of the State, Tribal, or local prosecutor involved to participate 
    in such program;
        ``(4) that, in the case of an eligible offender who is 
    sentenced to participate in the program, requires the offender to 
    serve a sentence of imprisonment with respect to the crime involved 
    if the prosecutor, in conjunction with the treatment provider, 
    determines that the offender has not successfully completed the 
    relevant substance abuse treatment program described in paragraph 
    (2);
        ``(5) that provides for the dismissal of the criminal charges 
    involved in an eligible offender's participation in the program if 
    the offender is determined to have successfully completed the 
    program;
        ``(6) that requires each substance abuse provider treating an 
    eligible offender under the program to--
            ``(A) make periodic reports of the progress of the 
        treatment of that offender to the State, Tribal, or local 
        prosecutor involved and to the appropriate court in which the 
        eligible offender was convicted; and
            ``(B) notify such prosecutor and such court if the eligible 
        offender absconds from the facility of the treatment provider 
        or otherwise violates the terms and conditions of the program, 
        consistent with Federal and State confidentiality requirements; 
        and
        ``(7) that has an enforcement unit comprised of law enforcement 
    officers under the supervision of the State, Tribal, or local 
    prosecutor involved, the duties of which shall include verifying an 
    eligible offender's addresses and other contacts, and, if 
    necessary, locating, apprehending, and arresting an eligible 
    offender who has absconded from the facility of a substance abuse 
    treatment provider or otherwise violated the terms and conditions 
    of the program, consistent with Federal and State confidentiality 
    requirements, and returning such eligible offender to court for 
    sentencing for the crime involved.
``SEC. 2902. USE OF GRANT FUNDS.
    ``(a) In General.--A State, Tribal, or local prosecutor that 
receives a grant under this part shall use such grant for expenses of a 
qualified drug treatment program, including for the following expenses:
        ``(1) Salaries, personnel costs, equipment costs, and other 
    costs directly related to the operation of the program, including 
    the enforcement unit.
        ``(2) Payments for substance abuse treatment providers that are 
    approved by the State or Indian Tribe and licensed, if necessary, 
    to provide alcohol and drug addiction treatment to eligible 
    offenders participating in the program, including aftercare 
    supervision, vocational training, education, and job placement.
        ``(3) Payments to public and nonprofit private entities that 
    are approved by the State or Indian Tribe and licensed, if 
    necessary, to provide alcohol and drug addiction treatment to 
    offenders participating in the program.
    ``(b) Supplement and Not Supplant.--Grants made under this part 
shall be used to supplement, and not supplant, non-Federal funds that 
would otherwise be available for programs described in this part.
``SEC. 2903. APPLICATIONS.
    ``To request a grant under this part, a State, Tribal, or local 
prosecutor shall submit an application to the Attorney General in such 
form and containing such information as the Attorney General may 
reasonably require. Each such application shall contain the 
certification by the State, Tribal, or local prosecutor that the 
program for which the grant is requested is a qualified drug treatment 
program, in accordance with this part.
``SEC. 2904. FEDERAL SHARE.
    ``(a) Matching Requirement.--The Federal share of a grant under 
this part may not exceed 50 percent of the total costs of the qualified 
drug treatment program funded under such grant.
    ``(b) In-Kind Contributions.--
        ``(1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), the recipient of a 
    grant under this part may meet the matching requirement under 
    subsection (a) by making in-kind contributions of goods or services 
    that are directly related to the purpose for which such grant was 
    awarded.
        ``(2) Maximum percentage.--Not more than 50 percent of the 
    amount provided by a recipient of a grant under this part to meet 
    the matching requirement under subsection (a) may be provided 
    through in-kind contributions under paragraph (1).
``SEC. 2905. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
    ``The Attorney General shall ensure that, to the extent 
practicable, the distribution of grants under this part is equitable 
and includes State, Tribal, or local prosecutors--
        ``(1) in each State; and
        ``(2) in rural, suburban, Tribal, and urban jurisdictions.
``SEC. 2906. REPORTS AND EVALUATIONS.
    ``For each fiscal year, each recipient of a grant under this part 
during that fiscal year shall submit to the Attorney General a report 
with respect to the effectiveness of activities carried out using that 
grant. Each report shall include an evaluation in such form and 
containing such information as the Attorney General may reasonably 
require. The Attorney General shall specify the dates on which such 
reports shall be submitted.
``SEC. 2907. DEFINITIONS.
    ``In this part:
        ``(1) State or local prosecutor.--The term `State, Tribal, or 
    local prosecutor' means any district attorney, State attorney 
    general, county attorney, tribal attorney, or corporation counsel 
    who has authority to prosecute criminal offenses under State, 
    Tribal, or local law.
        ``(2) Eligible offender.--The term `eligible offender' means an 
    individual who--
            ``(A) has been convicted, pled guilty, or admitted guilt 
        with respect to a crime for which a sentence of imprisonment is 
        required and has not completed such sentence;
            ``(B) has never been charged with or convicted of an 
        offense, during the course of which--
                ``(i) the individual carried, possessed, or used a 
            firearm or dangerous weapon; or
                ``(ii) there occurred the use of force against the 
            person of another, without regard to whether any of the 
            behavior described in clause (i) is an element of the 
            offense or for which the person is charged or convicted;
            ``(C) does not have 1 or more prior convictions for a 
        felony crime of violence involving the use or attempted use of 
        force against a person with the intent to cause death or 
        serious bodily harm; and
            ``(D)(i) has received an assessment for alcohol or drug 
        addiction from a substance abuse professional who is approved 
        by the State or Indian Tribe and licensed by the appropriate 
        entity to provide alcohol and drug addiction treatment, as 
        appropriate; and
            ``(ii) has been found to be in need of substance abuse 
        treatment because that individual has a history of substance 
        abuse that is a significant contributing factor to the criminal 
        conduct of that individual.''.
    (b) Authorization of Appropriations.--Section 1001(a) of title I of 
the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 
3793(a)) is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
        ``(26) There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out 
    part CC $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 and 2010.''.
    SEC. 113. GRANTS FOR FAMILY-BASED SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT.
    Title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 
(42 U.S.C. 3711 et seq.) is amended by inserting after part CC, as 
added by this Act, the following:

      ``PART DD--GRANTS FOR FAMILY-BASED SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT

``SEC. 2921. GRANTS AUTHORIZED.
    ``The Attorney General may make grants to States, units of local 
government, territories, and Indian Tribes to--
        ``(1) develop, implement, and expand comprehensive and 
    clinically-appropriate family-based substance abuse treatment 
    programs as alternatives to incarceration for nonviolent parent 
    drug offenders; and
        ``(2) to provide prison-based family treatment programs for 
    incarcerated parents of minor children.
``SEC. 2922. USE OF GRANT FUNDS.
    ``Grants made to an entity under section 2921 for a program 
described in such section may be used for--
        ``(1) the development, implementation, and expansion of prison-
    based family treatment programs in correctional facilities for 
    incarcerated parents with minor children (except for any such 
    parent who there is reasonable evidence to believe engaged in 
    domestic violence or child abuse);
        ``(2) the development, implementation, and expansion of 
    residential substance abuse treatment;
        ``(3) coordination between appropriate correctional facility 
    representatives and the appropriate governmental agencies;
        ``(4) payments to public and nonprofit private entities to 
    provide substance abuse treatment to nonviolent parent drug 
    offenders participating in that program; and
        ``(5) salaries, personnel costs, facility costs, and other 
    costs directly related to the operation of that program.
``SEC. 2923. PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS.
    ``(a) In General.--A program for which a grant is made under 
section 2921(1) shall comply with the following requirements:
        ``(1) The program shall ensure that all providers of substance 
    abuse treatment are approved by the State or Indian Tribe and are 
    licensed, if necessary, to provide medical and other health 
    services.
        ``(2) The program shall ensure appropriate coordination and 
    consultation with the Single State Authority for Substance Abuse of 
    the State (as that term is defined in section 201(e) of the Second 
    Chance Act of 2007).
        ``(3) The program shall consist of clinically-appropriate, 
    comprehensive, and long-term family treatment, including the 
    treatment of the nonviolent parent drug offender, the child of such 
    offender, and any other appropriate member of the family of the 
    offender.
        ``(4) The program shall be provided in a residential setting 
    that is not a hospital setting or an intensive outpatient setting.
        ``(5) The program shall provide that if a nonviolent parent 
    drug offender who participates in that program does not 
    successfully complete the program the offender shall serve an 
    appropriate sentence of imprisonment with respect to the underlying 
    crime involved.
        ``(6) The program shall ensure that a determination is made as 
    to whether a nonviolent drug offender has completed the substance 
    abuse treatment program.
        ``(7) The program shall include the implementation of a system 
    of graduated sanctions (including incentives) that are applied 
    based on the accountability of the nonviolent parent drug offender 
    involved throughout the course of that program to encourage 
    compliance with that program.
        ``(8) The program shall develop and implement a reentry plan 
    for each participant.
    ``(b) Prison-Based Programs.--A program for which a grant is made 
under section 2921(2) shall comply with the following requirements:
        ``(1) The program shall integrate techniques to assess the 
    strengths and needs of immediate and extended family of the 
    incarcerated parent to support a treatment plan of the incarcerated 
    parent.
        ``(2) The program shall ensure that each participant in that 
    program has access to consistent and uninterrupted care if 
    transferred to a different correctional facility within the State 
    or other relevant entity.
        ``(3) The program shall be located in an area separate from the 
    general population of the prison.
``SEC. 2924. APPLICATIONS.
    ``(a) In General.--An entity described in section 2921 desiring a 
grant under this part shall submit to the Attorney General an 
application in such form and manner and at such time as the Attorney 
General requires.
    ``(b) Contents.--An application under subsection (a) shall include 
a description of the methods and measurements the applicant will use 
for purposes of evaluating the program involved.
``SEC. 2925. REPORTS.
    ``An entity that receives a grant under this part during a fiscal 
year shall submit to the Attorney General, not later than a date 
specified by the Attorney General, a report that describes and 
evaluates the effectiveness of that program during such fiscal year 
that--
        ``(1) is based on evidence-based data; and
        ``(2) uses the methods and measurements described in the 
    application of that entity for purposes of evaluating that program.
``SEC. 2926. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.
    ``(a) In General.--There are authorized to be appropriated to carry 
out this part $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 and 2010.
    ``(b) Use of Amounts.--Of the amount made available to carry out 
this part in any fiscal year, not less than 5 percent shall be used for 
grants to Indian Tribes.
``SEC. 2927. DEFINITIONS.
    ``In this part:
        ``(1) Nonviolent parent drug offender.--The term `nonviolent 
    parent drug offender' means an offender who is--
            ``(A) a parent of an individual under 18 years of age; and
            ``(B) convicted of a drug (or drug-related) felony that is 
        a nonviolent offense.
        ``(2) Nonviolent offense.--The term `nonviolent offense' has 
    the meaning given that term in section 2991(a).
        ``(3) Prison-based family treatment program.--The term `prison-
    based family treatment program' means a program for incarcerated 
    parents in a correctional facility that provides a comprehensive 
    response to offender needs, including substance abuse treatment, 
    child early intervention services, family counseling, legal 
    services, medical care, mental health services, nursery and 
    preschool, parenting skills training, pediatric care, physical 
    therapy, prenatal care, sexual abuse therapy, relapse prevention, 
    transportation, and vocational or GED training.''.
    SEC. 114. GRANT TO EVALUATE AND IMPROVE EDUCATION AT PRISONS, 
      JAILS, AND JUVENILE FACILITIES.
    Title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 
(42 U.S.C. 3711 et seq.), is further amended--
        (1) by redesignating part X as part KK; and
        (2) by inserting after part II the following:

``PART JJ--GRANT PROGRAM TO EVALUATE AND IMPROVE EDUCATIONAL METHODS AT 
                PRISONS, JAILS, AND JUVENILE FACILITIES

``SEC. 3001. GRANT PROGRAM TO EVALUATE AND IMPROVE EDUCATIONAL METHODS 
AT PRISONS, JAILS, AND JUVENILE FACILITIES.
    ``(a) Grant Program Authorized.--The Attorney General may carry out 
a grant program under which the Attorney General may make grants to 
States, units of local government, territories, Indian Tribes, and 
other public and private entities to--
        ``(1) evaluate methods to improve academic and vocational 
    education for offenders in prisons, jails, and juvenile facilities;
        ``(2) identify, and make recommendations to the Attorney 
    General regarding, best practices relating to academic and 
    vocational education for offenders in prisons, jails, and juvenile 
    facilities, based on the evaluation under paragraph (1); and
        ``(3) improve the academic and vocational education programs 
    (including technology career training) available to offenders in 
    prisons, jails, and juvenile facilities.
    ``(b) Application.--To be eligible for a grant under this part, a 
State or other entity described in subsection (a) shall submit to the 
Attorney General an application in such form and manner, at such time, 
and accompanied by such information as the Attorney General specifies.
    ``(c) Report.--Not later than 90 days after the last day of the 
final fiscal year of a grant under this part, each entity described in 
subsection (a) receiving such a grant shall submit to the Attorney 
General a detailed report of the progress made by the entity using such 
grant, to permit the Attorney General to evaluate and improve academic 
and vocational education methods carried out with grants under this 
part.
``SEC. 3002. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.
    ``There are authorized to be appropriated $5,000,000 to carry out 
this part for each of fiscal years 2009 and 2010.''.
    SEC. 115. TECHNOLOGY CAREERS TRAINING DEMONSTRATION GRANTS.
    (a) Authority to Make Grants.--From amounts made available to carry 
out this section, the Attorney General shall make grants to States, 
units of local government, territories, and Indian Tribes to provide 
technology career training to prisoners.
    (b) Use of Funds.--Grants awarded under subsection (a) may be used 
for establishing a technology careers training program to train 
prisoners for technology-based jobs and careers during the 3-year 
period before release from prison, jail, or a juvenile facility.
    (c) Control of Internet Access.--An entity that receives a grant 
under subsection (a) shall restrict access to the Internet by 
prisoners, as appropriate, to ensure public safety.
    (d) Reports.--Not later than the last day of each fiscal year, an 
entity that receives a grant under subsection (a) during the preceding 
fiscal year shall submit to the Attorney General a report that 
describes and assesses the uses of such grant during the preceding 
fiscal year.
    (e) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out this section $10,000,000 for each of fiscal 
years 2009 and 2010.

     TITLE II--ENHANCED DRUG TREATMENT AND MENTORING GRANT PROGRAMS
                       Subtitle A--Drug Treatment

    SEC. 201. OFFENDER REENTRY SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE 
      COLLABORATION PROGRAM.
    (a) Grant Program Authorized.--The Attorney General may make 
competitive grants to States, units of local government, territories, 
and Indian Tribes, in accordance with this section, for the purposes 
of--
        (1) improving the provision of drug treatment to offenders in 
    prisons, jails, and juvenile facilities; and
        (2) reducing the use of alcohol and other drugs by long-term 
    substance abusers during the period in which each such long-term 
    substance abuser is in prison, jail, or a juvenile facility, and 
    through the completion of parole or court supervision of such long-
    term substance abuser.
    (b) Use of Grant Funds.--A grant made under subsection (a) may be 
used--
        (1) for continuing and improving drug treatment programs 
    provided at a prison, jail, or juvenile facility;
        (2) to develop and implement programs for supervised long-term 
    substance abusers that include alcohol and drug abuse assessments, 
    coordinated and continuous delivery of drug treatment, and case 
    management services;
        (3) to strengthen rehabilitation efforts for offenders by 
    providing addiction recovery support services; and
        (4) to establish pharmacological drug treatment services as 
    part of any drug treatment program offered by a grantee to 
    offenders who are in a prison or jail.
    (c) Application.--
        (1) In general.--An entity described in subsection (a) desiring 
    a grant under that subsection shall submit to the Attorney General 
    an application in such form and manner and at such time as the 
    Attorney General requires.
        (2) Contents.--An application for a grant under subsection (a) 
    shall--
            (A) identify any agency, organization, or researcher that 
        will be involved in administering a drug treatment program 
        carried out with a grant under subsection (a);
            (B) certify that such drug treatment program has been 
        developed in consultation with the Single State Authority for 
        Substance Abuse;
            (C) certify that such drug treatment program shall--
                (i) be clinically-appropriate; and
                (ii) provide comprehensive treatment;
            (D) describe how evidence-based strategies have been 
        incorporated into such drug treatment program; and
            (E) describe how data will be collected and analyzed to 
        determine the effectiveness of such drug treatment program and 
        describe how randomized trials will be used where practicable.
    (d) Reports to Congress.--
        (1) Interim report.--Not later than September 30, 2009, the 
    Attorney General shall submit to Congress a report that identifies 
    the best practices relating to--
            (A) substance abuse treatment in prisons, jails, and 
        juvenile facilities; and
            (B) the comprehensive and coordinated treatment of long-
        term substance abusers, including the best practices identified 
        through the activities funded under subsection (b)(3).
        (2) Final report.--Not later than September 30, 2010, the 
    Attorney General shall submit to Congress a report on the drug 
    treatment programs funded under this section, including on the 
    matters specified in paragraph (1).
    (e) Definition of Single State Authority for Substance Abuse.--The 
term ``Single State Authority for Substance Abuse'' means an entity 
designated by the Governor or chief executive officer of a State as the 
single State administrative authority responsible for the planning, 
development, implementation, monitoring, regulation, and evaluation of 
substance abuse services.
    (f) Authorization of Appropriations.--
        (1) In general.--There are authorized to be appropriated to 
    carry out this section $15,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 
    and 2010.
        (2) Equitable distribution of grant amounts.--Of the amount 
    made available to carry out this section in any fiscal year, the 
    Attorney General shall ensure that grants awarded under this 
    section are equitably distributed among geographical regions and 
    between urban and rural populations, including Indian Tribes, 
    consistent with the objective of reducing recidivism among criminal 
    offenders.

                         Subtitle B--Mentoring

    SEC. 211. MENTORING GRANTS TO NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS.
    (a) Authority to Make Grants.--From amounts made available to carry 
out this section, the Attorney General shall make grants to nonprofit 
organizations and Indian Tribes for the purpose of providing mentoring 
and other transitional services essential to reintegrating offenders 
into the community.
    (b) Use of Funds.--A grant awarded under subsection (a) may be used 
for--
        (1) mentoring adult and juvenile offenders during 
    incarceration, through transition back to the community, and post-
    release;
        (2) transitional services to assist in the reintegration of 
    offenders into the community; and
        (3) training regarding offender and victims issues.
    (c) Application; Priority Consideration.--
        (1) In general.--To be eligible to receive a grant under this 
    section, a nonprofit organization or Indian Tribe shall submit an 
    application to the Attorney General at such time, in such manner, 
    and accompanied by such information as the Attorney General may 
    require.
        (2) Priority consideration.--Priority consideration shall be 
    given to any application under this section that--
            (A) includes a plan to implement activities that have been 
        demonstrated effective in facilitating the successful reentry 
        of offenders; and
            (B) provides for an independent evaluation that includes, 
        to the maximum extent feasible, random assignment of offenders 
        to program delivery and control groups.
    (d) Strategic Performance Outcomes.--The Attorney General shall 
require each applicant under this section to identify specific 
performance outcomes related to the long-term goal of stabilizing 
communities by reducing recidivism (using a measure that is consistent 
with the research undertaken by the Bureau of Justice Statistics under 
section 241(b)(6)), and reintegrating offenders into the community.
    (e) Reports.--An entity that receives a grant under subsection (a) 
during a fiscal year shall, not later than the last day of the 
following fiscal year, submit to the Attorney General a report that 
describes and assesses the uses of that grant during that fiscal year 
and that identifies the progress of the grantee toward achieving its 
strategic performance outcomes.
    (f) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Attorney General to carry out this section 
$15,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 and 2010.
    SEC. 212. RESPONSIBLE REINTEGRATION OF OFFENDERS.
    (a) Eligible Offenders.--
        (1) In general.--In this section, the term ``eligible 
    offender'' means an individual who--
            (A) is 18 years of age or older;
            (B) has been convicted as an adult and imprisoned under 
        Federal or State law;
            (C) has never been convicted of a violent or sex-related 
        offense; and
            (D) except as provided in paragraph (2), has been released 
        from a prison or jail for not more than 180 days before the 
        date on which the individual begins participating in a grant 
        program carried out under this section.
        (2) Exception.--Each grantee under this section may permit not 
    more than 10 percent of the individuals served with a grant under 
    this section to be individuals who--
            (A) meet the conditions of subparagraphs (A) through (C) of 
        paragraph (1); and
            (B) have been released from a prison or jail for more than 
        180 days before the date on which the individuals begin 
        participating in the grant program carried out under this 
        section.
        (3) Priority of service.--Grantees shall provide a priority of 
    service in projects funded under this section to individuals 
    meeting the requirements of paragraph (1) who have been released 
    from State correctional facilities.
    (b) Authority to Make Grants.--The Secretary of Labor may make 
grants to nonprofit organizations for the purpose of providing 
mentoring, job training and job placement services, and other 
comprehensive transitional services to assist eligible offenders in 
obtaining and retaining employment.
    (c) Use of Funds.--
        (1) In general.--A grant awarded under this section may be used 
    for--
            (A) mentoring eligible offenders, including the provision 
        of support, guidance, and assistance in the community and the 
        workplace to address the challenges faced by such offenders;
            (B) providing job training and job placement services to 
        eligible offenders, including work readiness activities, job 
        referrals, basic skills remediation, educational services, 
        occupational skills training, on-the-job training, work 
        experience, and post-placement support, in coordination with 
        the one-stop partners and one-stop operators (as such terms are 
        defined in section 101 of the Workforce Investment Act of 1998 
        (29 U.S.C. 2801)) that provide services at any center operated 
        under a one-stop delivery system established under section 
        134(c) of the Workforce Investment Act of 1998 (29 U.S.C. 
        2864(c)), businesses, and educational institutions; and
            (C) providing outreach, orientation, intake, assessments, 
        counseling, case management, and other transitional services to 
        eligible offenders, including prerelease outreach and 
        orientation.
        (2) Limitations.--
            (A) Certain services excluded.--A grant under this section 
        may not be used to provide substance abuse treatment services, 
        mental health treatment services, or housing services, except 
        that such a grant may be used to coordinate with other programs 
        and entities to arrange for such programs and entities to 
        provide substance abuse treatment services, mental health 
        treatment services, or housing services to eligible offenders.
            (B) Administrative cost limit.--Not more than 15 percent of 
        the amounts awarded to a grantee under this section may be used 
        for the costs of administration, as determined by the Secretary 
        of Labor.
    (d) Application.--
        (1) In general.--
            (A) Application required.--A nonprofit organization 
        desiring a grant under this section shall submit an application 
        to the Secretary of Labor at such time, in such manner, and 
        accompanied by such information as the Secretary of Labor may 
        require.
            (B) Contents.--At a minimum, an application for a grant 
        under this section shall include--
                (i) the identification of the eligible area that is to 
            be served and a description of the need for support in such 
            area;
                (ii) a description of the mentoring, job training and 
            job placement, and other services to be provided;
                (iii) a description of partnerships that have been 
            established with the criminal justice system (including 
            coordination with demonstration projects carried out under 
            section 2976 of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets 
            Act of 1968, as amended by this Act, where applicable), the 
            local workforce investment boards established under section 
            117 of the Workforce Investment Act of 1998 (29 U.S.C. 
            2832)), and housing authorities that will be used to assist 
            in carrying out grant activities under this section; and
                (iv) a description of how other Federal, State, local, 
            or private funding will be leveraged to provide support 
            services that are not directly funded under this section, 
            such as mental health and substance abuse treatment and 
            housing.
        (2) Eligible area.--In this subsection, the term ``eligible 
    area'' means an area that--
            (A) is located within an urbanized area or urban cluster, 
        as determined by the Bureau of the Census in the most recently 
        available census;
            (B) has a large number of prisoners returning to the area 
        each year; and
            (C) has a high rate of recidivism among prisoners returning 
        to the area.
    (e) Performance Outcomes.--
        (1) Core indicators.--Each nonprofit organization receiving a 
    grant under this section shall report to the Secretary of Labor on 
    the results of services provided to eligible offenders with that 
    grant with respect to the following indicators of performance:
            (A) Rates of recidivism.
            (B) Entry into employment.
            (C) Retention in employment.
            (D) Average earnings.
        (2) Additional indicators.--In addition to the indicators 
    described in paragraph (1), the Secretary of Labor may require a 
    nonprofit organization receiving a grant under this section to 
    report on additional indicators of performance.
    (f) Reports.--Each nonprofit organization receiving a grant under 
this section shall maintain such records and submit such reports, in 
such form and containing such information, as the Secretary of Labor 
may require regarding the activities carried out under this section.
    (g) Technical Assistance.--The Secretary of Labor may reserve not 
more than 4 percent of the amounts appropriated to carry out this 
section to provide technical assistance and for management information 
systems to assist grantees under this section.
    (h) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary of Labor to carry out this section 
$20,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 and 2010.
    SEC. 213. BUREAU OF PRISONS POLICY ON MENTORING CONTACTS.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Director of the Bureau of Prisons shall, in order to 
promote stability and continued assistance to offenders after release 
from prison, adopt and implement a policy to ensure that any person who 
provides mentoring services to an incarcerated offender is permitted to 
continue such services after that offender is released from prison. 
That policy shall permit the continuation of mentoring services unless 
the Director demonstrates that such services would be a significant 
security risk to the released offender, incarcerated offenders, persons 
who provide such services, or any other person.
    (b) Report.--Not later than September 30, 2009, the Director of the 
Bureau of Prisons shall submit to Congress a report on the extent to 
which the policy described in subsection (a) has been implemented and 
followed.
    SEC. 214. BUREAU OF PRISONS POLICY ON CHAPEL LIBRARY MATERIALS.
    (a) In General.--Not later than 30 days after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Director of the Bureau of Prisons shall discontinue 
the Standardized Chapel Library project, or any other project by 
whatever designation that seeks to compile, list, or otherwise restrict 
prisoners' access to reading materials, audiotapes, videotapes, or any 
other materials made available in a chapel library, except that the 
Bureau of Prisons may restrict access to--
        (1) any materials in a chapel library that seek to incite, 
    promote, or otherwise suggest the commission of violence or 
    criminal activity; and
        (2) any other materials prohibited by any other law or 
    regulation.
    (b) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be 
construed to impact policies of the Bureau of Prisons related to access 
by specific prisoners to materials for security, safety, sanitation, or 
disciplinary reasons.

             Subtitle C--Administration of Justice Reforms

             CHAPTER 1--IMPROVING FEDERAL OFFENDER REENTRY

    SEC. 231. FEDERAL PRISONER REENTRY INITIATIVE.
    (a) In General.--The Attorney General, in coordination with the 
Director of the Bureau of Prisons, shall, subject to the availability 
of appropriations, conduct the following activities to establish a 
Federal prisoner reentry initiative:
        (1) The establishment of a Federal prisoner reentry strategy to 
    help prepare prisoners for release and successful reintegration 
    into the community, including, at a minimum, that the Bureau of 
    Prisons--
            (A) assess each prisoner's skill level (including academic, 
        vocational, health, cognitive, interpersonal, daily living, and 
        related reentry skills) at the beginning of the term of 
        imprisonment of that prisoner to identify any areas in need of 
        improvement prior to reentry;
            (B) generate a skills development plan for each prisoner to 
        monitor skills enhancement and reentry readiness throughout 
        incarceration;
            (C) determine program assignments for prisoners based on 
        the areas of need identified through the assessment described 
        in subparagraph (A);
            (D) ensure that priority is given to the reentry needs of 
        high-risk populations, such as sex offenders, career criminals, 
        and prisoners with mental health problems;
            (E) coordinate and collaborate with other Federal agencies 
        and with State, Tribal, and local criminal justice agencies, 
        community-based organizations, and faith-based organizations to 
        help effectuate a seamless reintegration of prisoners into 
        communities;
            (F) collect information about a prisoner's family 
        relationships, parental responsibilities, and contacts with 
        children to help prisoners maintain important familial 
        relationships and support systems during incarceration and 
        after release from custody; and
            (G) provide incentives for prisoner participation in skills 
        development programs.
        (2) Incentives for a prisoner who participates in reentry and 
    skills development programs which may, at the discretion of the 
    Director, include--
            (A) the maximum allowable period in a community confinement 
        facility; and
            (B) such other incentives as the Director considers 
        appropriate (not including a reduction of the term of 
        imprisonment).
    (b) Identification and Release Assistance for Federal Prisoners.--
        (1) Obtaining identification.--The Director shall assist 
    prisoners in obtaining identification (including a social security 
    card, driver's license or other official photo identification, or 
    birth certificate) prior to release.
        (2) Assistance developing release plan.--At the request of a 
    direct-release prisoner, a representative of the United States 
    Probation System shall, prior to the release of that prisoner, help 
    that prisoner develop a release plan.
        (3) Direct-release prisoner defined.--In this section, the term 
    ``direct-release prisoner'' means a prisoner who is scheduled for 
    release and will not be placed in prerelease custody.
    (c) Improved Reentry Procedures for Federal Prisoners.--The 
Attorney General shall take such steps as are necessary to modify the 
procedures and policies of the Department of Justice with respect to 
the transition of offenders from the custody of the Bureau of Prisons 
to the community--
        (1) to enhance case planning and implementation of reentry 
    programs, policies, and guidelines;
        (2) to improve such transition to the community, including 
    placement of such individuals in community corrections facilities; 
    and
        (3) to foster the development of collaborative partnerships 
    with stakeholders at the national, State, and local levels to 
    facilitate the exchange of information and the development of 
    resources to enhance opportunities for successful offender reentry.
    (d) Duties of the Bureau of Prisons.--
        (1) Duties of the bureau of prisons expanded.--Section 4042(a) 
    of title 18, United States Code, is amended--
            (A) in paragraph (4), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (B) in paragraph (5), by striking the period and inserting 
        a semicolon; and
            (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(D) establish prerelease planning procedures that help 
        prisoners--
                ``(i) apply for Federal and State benefits upon release 
            (including Social Security Cards, Social Security benefits, 
            and veterans' benefits); and
                ``(ii) secure such identification and benefits prior to 
            release, subject to any limitations in law; and
            ``(E) establish reentry planning procedures that include 
        providing Federal prisoners with information in the following 
        areas:
                ``(i) Health and nutrition.
                ``(ii) Employment.
                ``(iii) Literacy and education.
                ``(iv) Personal finance and consumer skills.
                ``(v) Community resources.
                ``(vi) Personal growth and development.
                ``(vii) Release requirements and procedures.''.
        (2) Measuring the removal of obstacles to reentry.--
            (A) Coding required.--The Director shall ensure that each 
        institution within the Bureau of Prisons codes the reentry 
        needs and deficits of prisoners, as identified by an assessment 
        tool that is used to produce an individualized skills 
        development plan for each inmate.
            (B) Tracking.--In carrying out this paragraph, the Director 
        shall quantitatively track the progress in responding to the 
        reentry needs and deficits of individual inmates.
            (C) Annual report.--On an annual basis, the Director shall 
        prepare and submit to the Committee on the Judiciary of the 
        Senate and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of 
        Representatives a report that documents the progress of the 
        Bureau of Prisons in responding to the reentry needs and 
        deficits of inmates.
            (D) Evaluation.--The Director shall ensure that--
                (i) the performance of each institution within the 
            Bureau of Prisons in enhancing skills and resources to 
            assist in reentry is measured and evaluated using 
            recognized measurements; and
                (ii) plans for corrective action are developed and 
            implemented as necessary.
        (3) Measuring and improving recidivism outcomes.--
            (A) Annual report required.--
                (i) In general.--At the end of each fiscal year, the 
            Director shall submit to the Committee on the Judiciary of 
            the Senate and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House 
            of Representatives a report containing statistics 
            demonstrating the relative reduction in recidivism for 
            inmates released by the Bureau of Prisons within that 
            fiscal year and the 2 prior fiscal years, comparing inmates 
            who participated in major inmate programs (including 
            residential drug treatment, vocational training, and prison 
            industries) with inmates who did not participate in such 
            programs. Such statistics shall be compiled separately for 
            each such fiscal year.
                (ii) Scope.--A report under this paragraph is not 
            required to include statistics for a fiscal year that 
            begins before the date of the enactment of this Act.
            (B) Measure used.--In preparing the reports required by 
        subparagraph (A), the Director shall, in consultation with the 
        Director of the Bureau of Justice Statistics, select a measure 
        for recidivism (such as rearrest, reincarceration, or any other 
        valid, evidence-based measure) that the Director considers 
        appropriate and that is consistent with the research undertaken 
        by the Bureau of Justice Statistics under section 241(b)(6).
            (C) Goals.--
                (i) In general.--After the Director submits the first 
            report required by subparagraph (A), the Director shall 
            establish goals for reductions in recidivism rates and 
            shall work to attain those goals.
                (ii) Contents.--The goals established under clause (i) 
            shall use the relative reductions in recidivism measured 
            for the fiscal year covered by the first report required by 
            subparagraph (A) as a baseline rate, and shall include--

                    (I) a 5-year goal to increase, at a minimum, the 
                baseline relative reduction rate of recidivism by 2 
                percent; and
                    (II) a 10-year goal to increase, at a minimum, the 
                baseline relative reduction rate of recidivism by 5 
                percent within 10 fiscal years.

        (4) Format.--Any written information that the Bureau of Prisons 
    provides to inmates for reentry planning purposes shall use common 
    terminology and language.
        (5) Medical care.--The Bureau of Prisons shall provide the 
    United States Probation and Pretrial Services System with relevant 
    information on the medical care needs and the mental health 
    treatment needs of inmates scheduled for release from custody. The 
    United States Probation and Pretrial Services System shall take 
    this information into account when developing supervision plans in 
    an effort to address the medical care and mental health care needs 
    of such individuals. The Bureau of Prisons shall provide inmates 
    with a sufficient amount of all necessary medications (which will 
    normally consist of, at a minimum, a 2-week supply of such 
    medications) upon release from custody.
    (e) Encouragement of Employment of Former Prisoners.--The Attorney 
General, in consultation with the Secretary of Labor, shall take such 
steps as are necessary to educate employers and the one-stop partners 
and one-stop operators (as such terms are defined in section 101 of the 
Workforce Investment Act of 1998 (29 U.S.C. 2801)) that provide 
services at any center operated under a one-stop delivery system 
established under section 134(c) of the Workforce Investment Act of 
1998 (29 U.S.C. 2864(c)) regarding incentives (including the Federal 
bonding program of the Department of Labor and tax credits) for hiring 
former Federal, State, or local prisoners.
    (f) Medical Care for Prisoners.--Section 3621 of title 18, United 
States Code, is further amended by adding at the end the following new 
subsection:
    ``(g) Continued Access to Medical Care.--
        ``(1) In general.--In order to ensure a minimum standard of 
    health and habitability, the Bureau of Prisons should ensure that 
    each prisoner in a community confinement facility has access to 
    necessary medical care, mental health care, and medicine through 
    partnerships with local health service providers and transition 
    planning.
        ``(2) Definition.--In this subsection, the term `community 
    confinement' has the meaning given that term in the application 
    notes under section 5F1.1 of the Federal Sentencing Guidelines 
    Manual, as in effect on the date of the enactment of the Second 
    Chance Act of 2007.''.
    (g) Elderly and Family Reunification for Certain Nonviolent 
Offenders Pilot Program.--
        (1) Program authorized.--
            (A) In general.--The Attorney General shall conduct a pilot 
        program to determine the effectiveness of removing eligible 
        elderly offenders from a Bureau of Prisons facility and placing 
        such offenders on home detention until the expiration of the 
        prison term to which the offender was sentenced.
            (B) Placement in home detention.--In carrying out a pilot 
        program as described in subparagraph (A), the Attorney General 
        may release some or all eligible elderly offenders from the 
        Bureau of Prisons facility to home detention.
            (C) Waiver.--The Attorney General is authorized to waive 
        the requirements of section 3624 of title 18, United States 
        Code, as necessary to provide for the release of some or all 
        eligible elderly offenders from the Bureau of Prisons facility 
        to home detention for the purposes of the pilot program under 
        this subsection.
        (2) Violation of terms of home detention.--A violation by an 
    eligible elderly offender of the terms of home detention (including 
    the commission of another Federal, State, or local crime) shall 
    result in the removal of that offender from home detention and the 
    return of that offender to the designated Bureau of Prisons 
    institution in which that offender was imprisoned immediately 
    before placement on home detention under paragraph (1), or to 
    another appropriate Bureau of Prisons institution, as determined by 
    the Bureau of Prisons.
        (3) Scope of pilot program.--A pilot program under paragraph 
    (1) shall be conducted through at least one Bureau of Prisons 
    facility designated by the Attorney General as appropriate for the 
    pilot program and shall be carried out during fiscal years 2009 and 
    2010.
        (4) Implementation and evaluation.--The Attorney General shall 
    monitor and evaluate each eligible elderly offender placed on home 
    detention under this section, and shall report to Congress 
    concerning the experience with the program at the end of the period 
    described in paragraph (3). The Administrative Office of the United 
    States Courts and the United States probation offices shall provide 
    such assistance and carry out such functions as the Attorney 
    General may request in monitoring, supervising, providing services 
    to, and evaluating eligible elderly offenders released to home 
    detention under this section.
        (5) Definitions.--In this section:
            (A) Eligible elderly offender.--The term ``eligible elderly 
        offender'' means an offender in the custody of the Bureau of 
        Prisons--
                (i) who is not less than 65 years of age;
                (ii) who is serving a term of imprisonment that is not 
            life imprisonment based on conviction for an offense or 
            offenses that do not include any crime of violence (as 
            defined in section 16 of title 18, United States Code), sex 
            offense (as defined in section 111(5) of the Sex Offender 
            Registration and Notification Act), offense described in 
            section 2332b(g)(5)(B) of title 18, United States Code, or 
            offense under chapter 37 of title 18, United States Code, 
            and has served the greater of 10 years or 75 percent of the 
            term of imprisonment to which the offender was sentenced;
                (iii) who has not been convicted in the past of any 
            Federal or State crime of violence, sex offense, or other 
            offense described in clause (ii);
                (iv) who has not been determined by the Bureau of 
            Prisons, on the basis of information the Bureau uses to 
            make custody classifications, and in the sole discretion of 
            the Bureau, to have a history of violence, or of engaging 
            in conduct constituting a sex offense or other offense 
            described in clause (ii);
                (v) who has not escaped, or attempted to escape, from a 
            Bureau of Prisons institution;
                (vi) with respect to whom the Bureau of Prisons has 
            determined that release to home detention under this 
            section will result in a substantial net reduction of costs 
            to the Federal Government; and
                (vii) who has been determined by the Bureau of Prisons 
            to be at no substantial risk of engaging in criminal 
            conduct or of endangering any person or the public if 
            released to home detention.
            (B) Home detention.--The term ``home detention'' has the 
        same meaning given the term in the Federal Sentencing 
        Guidelines as of the date of the enactment of this Act, and 
        includes detention in a nursing home or other residential long-
        term care facility.
            (C) Term of imprisonment.--The term ``term of 
        imprisonment'' includes multiple terms of imprisonment ordered 
        to run consecutively or concurrently, which shall be treated as 
        a single, aggregate term of imprisonment for purposes of this 
        section.
    (h) Federal Remote Satellite Tracking and Reentry Training 
Program.--
        (1) Establishment of program.--The Director of the 
    Administrative Office of the United States Courts, in consultation 
    with the Attorney General, may establish the Federal Remote 
    Satellite Tracking and Reentry Training (ReStart) program to 
    promote the effective reentry into the community of high risk 
    individuals.
        (2) High risk individuals.--For purposes of this section, the 
    term ``high risk individual'' means--
            (A) an individual who is under supervised release, with 
        respect to a Federal offense, and who has previously violated 
        the terms of a release granted such individual following a term 
        of imprisonment; or
            (B) an individual convicted of a Federal offense who is at 
        a high risk for recidivism, as determined by the Director of 
        the Bureau of Prisons, and who is eligible for early release 
        pursuant to voluntary participation in a program of residential 
        substance abuse treatment under section 3621(e) of title 18, 
        United States Code, or a program described in this section.
        (3) Program elements.--The program authorized under paragraph 
    (1) shall include, with respect to high risk individuals 
    participating in such program, the following core elements:
            (A) A system of graduated levels of supervision, that uses, 
        as appropriate and indicated--
                (i) satellite tracking, global positioning, remote 
            satellite, and other tracking or monitoring technologies to 
            monitor and supervise such individuals in the community; 
            and
                (ii) community corrections facilities and home 
            confinement.
            (B) Substance abuse treatment and aftercare related to such 
        treatment, mental and medical health treatment and aftercare 
        related to such treatment, vocational and educational training, 
        life skills instruction, conflict resolution skills training, 
        batterer intervention programs, and other programs to promote 
        effective reentry into the community as appropriate.
            (C) Involvement of the family of such an individual, a 
        victim advocate, and the victim of the offense committed by 
        such an individual, if such involvement is safe for such victim 
        (especially in a domestic violence case).
            (D) A methodology, including outcome measures, to evaluate 
        the program.
            (E) Notification to the victim of the offense committed by 
        such an individual of the status and nature of such an 
        individual's reentry plan.
    (i) Authorization for Appropriations for Bureau of Prisons.--There 
are authorized to be appropriated to the Attorney General to carry out 
this section, $5,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 and 2010.
    SEC. 232. BUREAU OF PRISONS POLICY ON RESTRAINING OF FEMALE 
      PRISONERS.
    Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Attorney General shall submit to Congress a report on the practices and 
policies of agencies within the Department of Justice relating to the 
use of physical restraints on pregnant female prisoners during 
pregnancy, labor, delivery of a child, or post-delivery recuperation, 
including the number of instances occurring after the date of enactment 
of this Act in which physical restraints are used on such prisoners, 
the reasons for the use of the physical restraints, the length of time 
that the physical restraints were used, and the security concerns that 
justified the use of the physical restraints.

                      CHAPTER 2--REENTRY RESEARCH

    SEC. 241. OFFENDER REENTRY RESEARCH.
    (a) National Institute of Justice.--The National Institute of 
Justice may conduct research on juvenile and adult offender reentry, 
including--
        (1) a study identifying the number and characteristics of minor 
    children who have had a parent incarcerated, and the likelihood of 
    such minor children becoming adversely involved in the criminal 
    justice system some time in their lifetime;
        (2) a study identifying a mechanism to compare rates of 
    recidivism (including rearrest, violations of parole, probation, 
    post-incarceration supervision, and reincarceration) among States; 
    and
        (3) a study on the population of offenders released from 
    custody who do not engage in recidivism and the characteristics 
    (housing, employment, treatment, family connection) of that 
    population.
    (b) Bureau of Justice Statistics.--The Bureau of Justice Statistics 
may conduct research on offender reentry, including--
        (1) an analysis of special populations (including prisoners 
    with mental illness or substance abuse disorders, female offenders, 
    juvenile offenders, offenders with limited English proficiency, and 
    the elderly) that present unique reentry challenges;
        (2) studies to determine which offenders are returning to 
    prison, jail, or a juvenile facility and which of those returning 
    offenders represent the greatest risk to victims and community 
    safety;
        (3) annual reports on the demographic characteristics of the 
    population reentering society from prisons, jails, and juvenile 
    facilities;
        (4) a national recidivism study every 3 years;
        (5) a study of parole, probation, or post-incarceration 
    supervision violations and revocations; and
        (6) a study concerning the most appropriate measure to be used 
    when reporting recidivism rates (whether rearrest, reincarceration, 
    or any other valid, evidence-based measure).
    SEC. 242. GRANTS TO STUDY PAROLE OR POST-INCARCERATION SUPERVISION 
      VIOLATIONS AND REVOCATIONS.
    (a) Grants Authorized.--From amounts made available to carry out 
this section, the Attorney General may make grants to States to study 
and to improve the collection of data with respect to individuals whose 
parole or post-incarceration supervision is revoked, and which such 
individuals represent the greatest risk to victims and community 
safety.
    (b) Application.--As a condition of receiving a grant under this 
section, a State shall--
        (1) certify that the State has, or intends to establish, a 
    program that collects comprehensive and reliable data with respect 
    to individuals described in subsection (a), including data on--
            (A) the number and type of parole or post-incarceration 
        supervision violations that occur with the State;
            (B) the reasons for parole or post-incarceration 
        supervision revocation;
            (C) the underlying behavior that led to the revocation; and
            (D) the term of imprisonment or other penalty that is 
        imposed for the violation; and
        (2) provide the data described in paragraph (1) to the Bureau 
    of Justice Statistics, in a form prescribed by the Bureau.
    (c) Analysis.--Any statistical analysis of population data under 
this section shall be conducted in accordance with the Federal Register 
Notice dated October 30, 1997, relating to classification standards.
    SEC. 243. ADDRESSING THE NEEDS OF CHILDREN OF INCARCERATED PARENTS.
    (a) Best Practices.--
        (1) In general.--From amounts made available to carry out this 
    section, the Attorney General may collect data and develop best 
    practices of State corrections departments and child protection 
    agencies relating to the communication and coordination between 
    such State departments and agencies to ensure the safety and 
    support of children of incarcerated parents (including those in 
    foster care and kinship care), and the support of parent-child 
    relationships between incarcerated (and formerly incarcerated) 
    parents and their children, as appropriate to the health and well-
    being of the children.
        (2) Contents.--The best practices developed under paragraph (1) 
    shall include information related to policies, procedures, and 
    programs that may be used by States to address--
            (A) maintenance of the parent-child bond during 
        incarceration;
            (B) parental self-improvement; and
            (C) parental involvement in planning for the future and 
        well-being of their children.
    (b) Dissemination to States.--Not later than 1 year after the 
development of best practices described in subsection (a), the Attorney 
General shall disseminate to States and other relevant entities such 
best practices.
    (c) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that States and 
other relevant entities should use the best practices developed and 
disseminated in accordance with this section to evaluate and improve 
the communication and coordination between State corrections 
departments and child protection agencies to ensure the safety and 
support of children of incarcerated parents (including those in foster 
care and kinship care), and the support of parent-child relationships 
between incarcerated (and formerly incarcerated) parents and their 
children, as appropriate to the health and well-being of the children.
    SEC. 244. STUDY OF EFFECTIVENESS OF DEPOT NALTREXONE FOR HEROIN 
      ADDICTION.
    (a) Grant Program Authorized.--From amounts made available to carry 
out this section, the Attorney General, through the National Institute 
of Justice, and in consultation with the National Institute on Drug 
Abuse, may make grants to public and private research entities 
(including consortia, single private research entities, and individual 
institutions of higher education) to evaluate the effectiveness of 
depot naltrexone for the treatment of heroin addiction.
    (b) Evaluation Program.--An entity described in subsection (a) 
desiring a grant under this section shall submit to the Attorney 
General an application that--
        (1) contains such information as the Attorney General 
    specifies, including information that demonstrates that--
            (A) the applicant conducts research at a private or public 
        institution of higher education, as that term is defined in 
        section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
        1101);
            (B) the applicant has a plan to work with parole officers 
        or probation officers for offenders who are under court 
        supervision; and
            (C) the evaluation described in subsection (a) will measure 
        the effectiveness of such treatments using randomized trials; 
        and
        (2) is in such form and manner and at such time as the Attorney 
    General specifies.
    (c) Reports.--An entity that receives a grant under subsection (a) 
during a fiscal year shall, not later than the last day of the 
following fiscal year, submit to the Attorney General a report that 
describes and assesses the uses of that grant.
    SEC. 245. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS FOR RESEARCH.
    There are authorized to be appropriated to the Attorney General to 
carry out sections 241, 242, 243, and 244 of this chapter, $10,000,000 
for each of the fiscal years 2009 and 2010.

            CHAPTER 3--CORRECTIONAL REFORMS TO EXISTING LAW

    SEC. 251. CLARIFICATION OF AUTHORITY TO PLACE PRISONER IN COMMUNITY 
      CORRECTIONS.
    (a) Prerelease Custody.--Section 3624(c) of title 18, United States 
Code, is amended to read as follows:
    ``(c) Prerelease Custody.--
        ``(1) In general.--The Director of the Bureau of Prisons shall, 
    to the extent practicable, ensure that a prisoner serving a term of 
    imprisonment spends a portion of the final months of that term (not 
    to exceed 12 months), under conditions that will afford that 
    prisoner a reasonable opportunity to adjust to and prepare for the 
    reentry of that prisoner into the community. Such conditions may 
    include a community correctional facility.
        ``(2) Home confinement authority.--The authority under this 
    subsection may be used to place a prisoner in home confinement for 
    the shorter of 10 percent of the term of imprisonment of that 
    prisoner or 6 months.
        ``(3) Assistance.--The United States Probation System shall, to 
    the extent practicable, offer assistance to a prisoner during 
    prerelease custody under this subsection.
        ``(4) No limitations.--Nothing in this subsection shall be 
    construed to limit or restrict the authority of the Director of the 
    Bureau of Prisons under section 3621.
        ``(5) Reporting.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the 
    enactment of the Second Chance Act of 2007 (and every year 
    thereafter), the Director of the Bureau of Prisons shall transmit 
    to the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate and the Committee 
    on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives a report 
    describing the Bureau's utilization of community corrections 
    facilities. Each report under this paragraph shall set forth the 
    number and percentage of Federal prisoners placed in community 
    corrections facilities during the preceding year, the average 
    length of such placements, trends in such utilization, the reasons 
    some prisoners are not placed in community corrections facilities, 
    and any other information that may be useful to the committees in 
    determining if the Bureau is utilizing community corrections 
    facilities in an effective manner.
        ``(6) Issuance of regulations.--The Director of the Bureau of 
    Prisons shall issue regulations pursuant to this subsection not 
    later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of the Second 
    Chance Act of 2007, which shall ensure that placement in a 
    community correctional facility by the Bureau of Prisons is--
            ``(A) conducted in a manner consistent with section 3621(b) 
        of this title;
            ``(B) determined on an individual basis; and
            ``(C) of sufficient duration to provide the greatest 
        likelihood of successful reintegration into the community.''.
    (b) Courts May Not Require a Sentence of Imprisonment to Be Served 
in a Community Corrections Facility.--Section 3621(b) of title 18, 
United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following: 
``Any order, recommendation, or request by a sentencing court that a 
convicted person serve a term of imprisonment in a community 
corrections facility shall have no binding effect on the authority of 
the Bureau under this section to determine or change the place of 
imprisonment of that person.''.
    SEC. 252. RESIDENTIAL DRUG ABUSE PROGRAM IN FEDERAL PRISONS.
    Section 3621(e)(5)(A) of title 18, United States Code, is amended 
by striking ``means a course of'' and all that follows and inserting 
the following: ``means a course of individual and group activities and 
treatment, lasting at least 6 months, in residential treatment 
facilities set apart from the general prison population (which may 
include the use of pharmocotherapies, where appropriate, that may 
extend beyond the 6-month period);''.
    SEC. 253. CONTRACTING FOR SERVICES FOR POST-CONVICTION SUPERVISION 
      OFFENDERS.
    Section 3672 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by 
inserting after the third sentence in the seventh undesignated 
paragraph the following: ``He also shall have the authority to contract 
with any appropriate public or private agency or person to monitor and 
provide services to any offender in the community authorized by this 
Act, including treatment, equipment and emergency housing, corrective 
and preventative guidance and training, and other rehabilitative 
services designed to protect the public and promote the successful 
reentry of the offender into the community.''.

                  CHAPTER 4--MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

    SEC. 261. EXTENSION OF NATIONAL PRISON RAPE ELIMINATION COMMISSION.
    Section 7(d)(3)(A) of the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003 (42 
U.S.C. 15606(d)(3)(A)) is amended by striking ``3 years'' and inserting 
``5 years''.

                               Speaker of the House of Representatives.

                            Vice President of the United States and    
                                               President of the Senate.