III 109th CONGRESS 2d Session S. RES. 631 IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES December 9 (legislative day, December 8), 2006 Mr. Durbin (for himself, Mr. Brownback, Mr. Kennedy, Mr. Biden, Mr. Reid, Mr. Feingold, Mr. Frist, Mrs. Dole, Mr. Coleman, Mr. Smith, Mr. Cornyn, Mr. Menendez, Mr. Levin, Mr. Hagel, Mr. Martinez, Mrs. Clinton, and Ms. Snowe) submitted the following resolution; which was considered and agreed to RESOLUTION Urging the Government of Sudan and the international community to implement the agreement for a peacekeeping force under the command and control of the United Nations in Darfur.

Whereas Congress declared on July 22, 2004 that the atrocities in Darfur were genocide; Whereas, on September 9, 2004, Secretary of State Colin Powell testified that genocide has been committed in Darfur; Whereas, on June 30, 2005, President Bush confirmed that the violence in Darfur region is clearly genocide [and t]he human cost is beyond calculation; Whereas, on May 8, 2006, President Bush stated, We will call genocide by its rightful name, and we will stand up for the innocent until the peace of Darfur is secured.; Whereas hundreds of thousands of people have died and over 2,500,000 have been displaced in Darfur since 2003; Whereas the Government of Sudan has failed in its responsibility to protect the many peoples of Darfur; Whereas the international community has failed to hold persons responsible for crimes against humanity in Darfur accountable; Whereas, on May 5, 2006, the Government of Sudan and the largest rebel faction in Darfur, the Sudan Liberation Movement, led by Minni Minnawi, signed the Darfur Peace Agreement (DPA); Whereas the Government of Sudan has not disarmed and demobilized the Janjaweed despite repeated pledges to do so, including in the DPA; Whereas violence in Darfur escalated in the months following the signing of the DPA, with increased attacks against civilians and humanitarian workers; Whereas violence has spread to the neighboring states of Chad and the Central African Republic, threatening regional peace and security; Whereas, in July 2006, more humanitarian aid workers were killed than in the previous 3 years combined; Whereas increased violence has forced some humanitarian organizations to suspend operations, leaving 40 percent of the population of Darfur inaccessible to aid workers; Whereas, on August 30, 2006, the United Nations Security Council passed Security Council Resolution 1706 (2006), asserting that the existing United Nations Mission in Sudan (UNMIS) shall take over from [African Mission in Sudan] AMIS responsibility for supporting the implementation of the Darfur Peace Agreement upon the expiration of AMIS' mandate but in any event no later than 31 December 2006, and that UNMIS shall be strengthened by up to 17,300 military personnel . . . up to 3,300 civilian police personnel and up to 16 Formed Police Units, which shall begin to be deployed [to Darfur] no later than 1 October 2006; Whereas, on September 19, 2006, President Bush announced the appointment of Andrew Natsios as Presidential Special Envoy to Sudan to lead United States efforts to bring peace to the Darfur region in Sudan; Whereas, on November 16, 2006, high-level consultations led by Kofi Annan, Secretary General of the United Nations, and Alpha Oumar Konare, Chairperson of the African Union Commission, and including representatives of the Arab League, the European Union, the Government of Sudan, and other national governments, produced the Addis Ababa Agreement; Whereas the Agreement stated that the Darfur conflict could be resolved only through an all-inclusive political process; Whereas the Agreement stated that the DPA must be made more inclusive, and called upon all parties—Government and DPA non-signatories—to immediately commit to a cessation of hostilities in Darfur in order to give [the peace process] the best chances for success; Whereas the Agreement included a plan to establish a United Nations–African Union peacekeeping operation; Whereas the Agreement stated that the peacekeeping operation would consist of 17,000 military troops and 3,000 police, and would have a primarily African character; Whereas the Agreement stated that the peacekeeping operation must be logistically and financially sustainable, with support coming from the United Nations; Whereas the Agreement stated that command and control structures for the United Nations–African Union force would be provided by the United Nations; Whereas the Government of Sudan's Foreign Minister agreed to the conclusions of the High Level Consultation on the Situation in Darfur, though the Foreign Minister indicated that he would need to consult with his government on the size of the peacekeeping mission; Whereas, at an international press conference on November 27, 2006, Sudanese President Omar Hassan Al-Bashir rejected the Addis Ababa Agreement and reiterated his objections to any substantive United Nations involvement in Darfur, saying, Troops in Darfur should be part of the [African Union] AU and under command of the AU; Whereas it is imperative that a peacekeeping force in Darfur have the sufficient strength and mandate to provide adequate security to the people of Darfur; and Whereas Presidential Special Envoy Andrew Natsios set December 31, 2006 as the deadline for the Government of Sudan to comply with the demands of the international community or face serious consequences: Now, therefore, be it

That the Senate— (1)supports, given the rapidly deteriorating situation on the ground in Darfur, the principles of the Addis Ababa Agreement in order to increase security and stability for the people of Darfur; (2)declares that the deployment of a United Nations–African Union peacekeeping force under the command and control of the United Nations, as laid out in the Addis Ababa Agreement, is the minimum acceptable effort on the part of the international community to protect the people of Darfur; (3)further supports the strengthening of the African Union peacekeeping mission in Sudan so that it may improve its performance with regards to civilian protection as the African Union peacekeeping mission begins to transfer responsibility for protecting the people of Darfur to the United Nations–African Union peacekeeping force under the command and control of the United Nations, as laid out in the Addis Ababa Agreement; (4)calls upon the Government of Sudan to immediately— (A)allow the implementation of the United Nations light and heavy support packages as provided for in the Addis Ababa Agreement; and (B)work with the United Nations and the international community to deploy United Nations peacekeepers to Darfur in keeping with United Nations Security Council Resolution 1706 (2006); (5)calls upon all parties to the conflict to immediately— (A)adhere to the 2004 N’Djamena ceasefire; and (B)respect the impartiality and neutrality of humanitarian agencies so that relief workers can have unfettered access to their beneficiary populations and deliver desperately needed assistance; (6)urges the President to— (A)continue to work with other members of the international community, including the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council, the African Union, the European Union, the Arab League, Sudan's trading partners, and the Government of Sudan to facilitate the urgently needed deployment of the peacekeeping force called for by United Nations Security Council Resolution 1706; (B)ensure the ability of any peacekeeping force deployed to Darfur to carry out its mandate by providing adequate funding and working with our international partners to provide technical assistance, logistical support, intelligence gathering capabilities, and military assets; (C)work with members of the United Nations Security Council and the international community to develop and impose a set of meaningful economic and diplomatic sanctions against the Government of Sudan should the Government of Sudan continue to refuse to cooperate with the implementation of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1706 and the principles contained in the Addis Ababa Agreement; and (D)work with members of the United Nations Security Council and the international community to address escalating insecurity in Chad and the Central African Republic; and (7)strongly supports United Nations Security Council Resolution 1706 and the principles embedded therein.