II 109th CONGRESS 2d Session S. 2412 IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES March 14, 2006 Mr. Biden introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation A BILL To address homeland security issues relating to first responders, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the use of technology, Federal, State, and local coordination, and critical infrastructure, and for other purposes.
1.
Short title
This Act may be cited as the 9/11 Commission Recommendations Implementation Act of 2006.
2.
Table of contents
The table of contents of this Act is as follows: Sec. 1. Short title. Sec. 2. Table of contents. TITLE I—Enhancing Law Enforcement and First Responders Subtitle A—First Responders Sec. 101. Findings. Sec. 102. Restoration of justice assistance funding. Sec. 103. COPS authorization of appropriations. Sec. 104. State and local first responders authorization of appropriations. Subtitle B—Federal Bureau of Investigation Enhancement Sec. 120. Findings. Sec. 121. Authorization for more agents. Subtitle C—Utilizing Technology to Prevent and Respond to Terrorist Attacks and Natural Disasters Sec. 141. Communications. Sec. 142. Terrorist watch lists. Subtitle D—Improving Planning and Coordination among Federal, State, and Local First Responders Sec. 161. National response plan. TITLE II—Critical infrastructure protection Subtitle A—Comprehensive Critical Infrastructure Vulnerability Assessments Sec. 201. Threat reductions. Subtitle B—Rail Security Sec. 221. Rail transportation security risk assessment. Sec. 222. Rail security. Sec. 223. Study of foreign rail transport security programs. Sec. 224. Passenger, baggage, and cargo screening. Sec. 225. Certain personnel limitations not to apply. Sec. 226. Fire and life-safety improvements. Sec. 227. Memorandum of understanding. Sec. 228. Amtrak plan to assist families of passengers involved in rail passenger accidents. Sec. 229. Systemwide Amtrak security upgrades. Sec. 230. Freight and passenger rail security upgrades. Sec. 231. Rail security research and development. Sec. 232. Welded rail and tank car safety improvements. Sec. 233. Northern border rail passenger report. Sec. 234. Whistleblower protection program. Subtitle C—Transportation of Hazardous Materials by Rail Sec. 241. Findings. Sec. 242. Definitions. Sec. 243. Regulations for transport of extremely hazardous materials. Sec. 244. Safety training. Sec. 245. Research and development. Sec. 246. Whistleblower protection. Sec. 247. Penalties. Subtitle D—Chemical Plant Security Sec. 261. Plant security grants. Subtitle E—Seaport Protection Sec. 281. Findings. Sec. 282. Port security grant funding. Subtitle F—Bag Screening Sec. 291. Checked bag screening.
<enum>I</enum><header>Enhancing Law Enforcement and First Responders</header> <subtitle id="id3C8CB190136640F68741F7BB00625721"><enum>A</enum><header>First Responders</header> <section id="ID48AA3634BDDC49F2A72C92BD08A5132D"><enum>101.</enum><header>Findings</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Congress makes the following findings:</text> <paragraph id="ID2F2CE202D49949AA83DD5E131F855099"><enum>(1)</enum><text>In a report entitled <quote>Emergency First Responders: Drastically Underfunded, Dangerously Unprepared</quote>, an independent task force sponsored by the Council on Foreign Relations found that <quote>America’s local emergency responders will always be the first to confront a terrorist incident and will play the central role in managing its immediate consequences. Their efforts in the first minutes and hours following an attack will be critical to saving lives, establishing order, and preventing mass panic. The United States has both a responsibility and a critical need to provide them with the equipment, training, and other resources necessary to do their jobs safely and effectively.</quote>.</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="IDA2717B12A5BC45E2B1FD2094F3371363"><enum>(2)</enum><text>The task force further concluded that many State and local emergency responders, including police officers and firefighters, lack the equipment and training needed to respond effectively to a terrorist attack involving weapons of mass destruction.</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="ID40F74C070CBD4951ADFAB9BAD1D33335"><enum>(3)</enum><text>The Federal Government has a responsibility to ensure that the people of the United States are protected to the greatest possible extent against a terrorist attack, especially an attack that utilizes nuclear, chemical, biological, or radiological weapons, and consequently, the Federal Government has a critical responsibility to address the equipment, training, and other needs of State and local first responders.</text> </paragraph></section><section id="IDAFEE6F132A334023B302F7B417DF8366"><enum>102.</enum><header>Restoration of justice assistance funding</header> <subsection id="ID0C7BD7DBDE6746DA910FBFBAEBD6DF05"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Sense of Congress</header><text>It is the sense of Congress that the President should request in the annual budget proposal, and Congress should appropriate, the full amount authorized to be appropriated in subsection (b).</text> </subsection><subsection id="IDDC3C766B89674E1898CDAF77DD560CDF"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Authorization of Appropriations</header><text>There are authorized to be appropriated for the Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant Program $900,000,000 for fiscal year 2007.</text> </subsection></section><section id="id2C2C5930DACF435AA7C1FCC3B355CB93"><enum>103.</enum><header>COPS authorization of appropriations</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">In addition to any other amounts authorized to be appropriated, there are authorized to be appropriated to the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services $1,150,000,000, for fiscal year 2007.</text> </section><section id="ID799FC00DEF614BDDB996ABAC632C3D21"><enum>104.</enum><header>State and local first responders authorization of appropriations</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">In addition to any other amounts authorized to be appropriated, there are authorized to be appropriated, for each of the fiscal years 2007 through 2017—</text> <paragraph id="idA8BAA46B2EB14B1FBFC5474385B17EDF"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">$1,000,000,000 for the State Homeland Security Grant Program;</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="idC9B456B3DF304535981C93905FD0477C"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">$1,000,000,000 for the Urban Area Security Initiative Grant Program; and</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="id9B656922315E46A7BC3BEE67B131D111"><enum>(3)</enum><text>$600,000,000 for the Law Enforcement Terrorism Prevention Program.</text> </paragraph></section></subtitle><subtitle id="id41EFD044B89E4E07BC606750C7C4C363"><enum>B</enum><header>Federal Bureau of Investigation Enhancement</header> <section id="IDfb11fd1a3f1449569d37dd157119ca6b"><enum>120.</enum><header>Findings</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Congress finds the following:</text> <paragraph id="ID826178a431b446c4b541139757a188fe"><enum>(1)</enum><text>Throughout its history, the Federal Bureau of Investigation has been an integral part of anti-crime investigatory efforts in the United States.</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="IDb23a3a0697a9499e989d7a156c556519"><enum>(2)</enum><text>While the Federal Bureau of Investigation has increased its overall field agent numbers by more than 1,000 since pre-September 11, 2001, levels, it has increased its counter-terror agents by more than 2,000. While this staffing-up of increased resources for counter-terror investigations is necessary and proper, it has had the unintended consequence of precluding the Federal Bureau of Investigation from adequately and satisfactorily discharging its traditional anti-crime investigatory efforts.</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="ID9706774bd5bc4bb5ba99d12e7c940f5c"><enum>(3)</enum><text>The shift of the focus of the Federal Bureau of Investigation to counterterrorism has reduced the Bureau’s involvement in traditional crime investigations, including—</text> <subparagraph id="id8B7CE7F1BA474A45BA397C67983D3B8E"><enum>(A)</enum><text>fewer agents to the successful High Intensity Drug Trafficking Area task forces;</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph id="idA15F159CD8C645409D7FC8419996B57B"><enum>(B)</enum><text>fewer violent crime cases, as the Bureau has reduced the number of agents committed to Federal, State, and local task forces like the Safe Streets and Violent Crime Task Forces; and</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph id="id59457113B61E416BBB4B017C68EAAE23"><enum>(C)</enum><text>fewer agents handling bank robbery and white collar crimes, which involve technical areas of investigative expertise that State and locals often lack.</text> </subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="IDa75530285e18411a9088fc622635daaa"><enum>(4)</enum><text>Before September 11, 2001, the Federal Bureau of Investigation had 7,738 field agents fulfilling traditional anti-crime efforts. The President proposed a fiscal year 2006 budget with less than 6,700 field agents fulfilling these same functions.</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="IDff8cb3cf11074e7b8218d262dba46678"><enum>(5)</enum><text>The Federal Bureau of Investigation is thus faced with a gap of 1,000 field agents in its traditional anti-crime function, compromising the investigations the Federal Bureau of Investigation is able to undertake and to assist in conducting.</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="ID46f36708aa85435b9be836cff01eefd5"><enum>(6)</enum><text>The traditional anti-crime investigations of the Federal Bureau of Investigation complement and assist investigations by State and local law enforcement around the country.</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="ID255fddd402f940359b095d2acf437a8c"><enum>(7)</enum><text>Through direct assistance and various joint task forces, the Federal Bureau of Investigation provides invaluable expertise and resources to help State and local law enforcement agencies combat criminal enterprises impacting their local communities.</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="ID0ec3b267a2f043f3affcd8e727a5c1bd"><enum>(8)</enum><text>The post-September 11, 2001, reprogramming of Federal Bureau of Investigation agents from criminal to counterterrorism investigations is occurring at the many State and local agencies that are facing tough budget cuts that is reducing their capacity to fight crime.</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="ID0f922b6dfb574f3d8bedbe7a90256e63"><enum>(9)</enum><text>In a recent survey, 27 of 44 major urban police departments surveyed are experiencing a <quote>cop crunch</quote>. Cleveland, Ohio, has lost 250 officers in 2004, 15 percent of its force. New York City has lost 3,400 over the last 3 years. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, has lost <fraction>1/4</fraction> of its force, and Philadelphia has lost 2,000 officers.</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="ID202e668ca2dc443a88c5048fe821655d"><enum>(10)</enum><text>Compounding the lack of local revenue many local jurisdictions are faced with since September 11, 2001, Federal financial assistance to local law enforcement has been reduced every year for the past 4 years.</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="ID9dd5f6bab8ed441a829bdabadc9c371b"><enum>(11)</enum><text>The Federal Bureau of Investigation is charged with preventing terrorism and fighting traditional crime. In order for the Federal Bureau of Investigation to attain both critical goals, the Federal Bureau of Investigation needs an additional 1,000 agents to do the job.</text> </paragraph></section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id776D64DC8EB34F8986F463791DC88442" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>121.</enum><header>Authorization for more agents</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">There are authorized to be appropriated $160,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2007 through 2011 to fund 1,000 Federal Bureau of Investigation field agents, in addition to the number of Federal Bureau of Investigation field agents serving on the date of enactment of this Act.</text> </section></subtitle><subtitle id="id2CA0FDF9F2D042CC83EE8F38FD0DE179"><enum>C</enum><header>Utilizing Technology to Prevent and Respond to Terrorist Attacks and Natural Disasters</header> <section id="id7521DA2E1D3C44FDB6538A76B693FC0D"><enum>141.</enum><header>Communications</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">There are authorized to be appropriated $1,000,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2007 through 2011, to the Office of Community Oriented Policy Services for grants for interoperable communications technology.</text> </section><section id="id4D27C2F7B1644FA4A9C8FEA5D3679EE9"><enum>142.</enum><header>Terrorist watch lists</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">There are authorized to be appropriated $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2007, to the Federal Bureau of Investigation for the consolidation of terrorist watch lists by the Terrorist Screening Center.</text> </section></subtitle><subtitle id="id30003E4E75344030A0E0E824546385C6"><enum>D</enum><header>Improving Planning and Coordination among Federal, State, and Local First Responders</header> <section id="idE954F2B694C243BE850EF6B6EE408FCA"><enum>161.</enum><header>National response plan</header> <subsection id="id77EC2C44E0554403B3C29BA81B2EB5F3"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Report</header><text>Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall conduct a study and submit a report to Congress regarding any failures related to the use of the national response plan prepared under section 502(6) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 312(6)).</text> </subsection><subsection id="idFCF8FDC6D5A04F94A4F7BF58BE4F5A59"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Update of plan</header> <paragraph id="idD498CFB5DA11498885E5A83400587207"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>Not later than the earlier of the date that is 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act or the date that is 180 days after the submission of the report under subsection (a), the Secretary of Homeland Security shall conduct a review and update the national response plan prepared under section 502(6) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 312(6)) to coordinate a response within 8 to 24 hours after the occurrence of a natural disaster or terrorist attack, utilizing State and local government resources.</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="id289E98761A3043DDB7C638D52B2EA63A"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Consultation</header><text>In conducting the study required by paragraph (1), the Secretary shall form a working group consisting of State and local law enforcement officials, State and local fire officials, local paramedics and other State and local emergency planners and practitioners as well as relevant Federal officials.</text> </paragraph></subsection></section></subtitle><enum>II</enum><header>Critical infrastructure protection</header> <subtitle id="id42A2D6B038864DC9967829AC88DDC714"><enum>A</enum><header>Comprehensive Critical Infrastructure Vulnerability Assessments</header> <section id="id064C5DCA217949E1A442CFBF47DA4622"><enum>201.</enum><header>Threat reductions</header> <subsection id="id897809CED08C4D84A9ABBD4D22209787"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text>Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall conduct a study of and submit to Congress an unclassified report on the security vulnerability and a comprehensive threat reduction recommendations for each of the following areas:</text> <paragraph id="id26C65CA4DF0A46C9BDA52F90A4FA381A"><enum>(1)</enum><text>Financial markets.</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="id12A613CF02BB48CF91963FFB48BD9922"><enum>(2)</enum><text>Chemical plants.</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="id23006D0EFB964FD2BA8F84D6FDC6F8AC"><enum>(3)</enum><text>Nuclear plants.</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="id8F5CD757C21E422FA7909CC47CB6ECC2"><enum>(4)</enum><text>Ports.</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="idC5C502D1E7DD4D639170C021D1260720"><enum>(5)</enum><text>Transportation infrastructure.</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="id1B25B798D278410E9F107FFF1B4A677B"><enum>(6)</enum><text>Electricity grid.</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="idCE7025F0D0354F12A0D9CD9638131EBC"><enum>(7)</enum><text>Communications Systems.</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="id8A1E92C2BC3B49399B17FF85B07FC9A3"><enum>(8)</enum><text>Computer Networks.</text> </paragraph></subsection><subsection id="id20FDBF650071469695A7BEF3C606DD94"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Authorization of appropriations</header><text>There are authorized to be appropriated $80,000,000 for fiscal year 2007 to carry out this section.</text> </subsection></section></subtitle><subtitle id="id3A75F9A0218F48BEAD9003719C809343"><enum>B</enum><header>Rail Security</header> <section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id30A24EE9F6354290907E9E00A32811AA" section-type="subsequent-section"><enum>221.</enum><header>Rail transportation security risk assessment</header> <subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idB3EE53B49A324ECFB9D4FAC5C768F7FA"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header> <paragraph id="ID38FE85C63F744E23A0BD8EB4B50FDB04"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Vulnerability assessment</header> <subparagraph id="idDA332935AEA6492AB3EFD1C6C86A44BE"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Under Secretary of Homeland Security for Border and Transportation Security, in consultation with the Secretary of Transportation, shall complete a vulnerability assessment of freight and passenger rail transportation (encompassing railroads, as that term is defined in section 20102(1) of title 49, United States Code).</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph id="id5DC93F5D4BA34D498CFD79F9243BF931"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Contents</header><text>The assessment under subparagraph (A) shall include—</text> <clause id="IDD81393D01CF84047A1F2B7D0BC3D5782"><enum>(i)</enum><text>identification and evaluation of critical assets and infrastructures;</text> </clause><clause id="ID39AFBF0BE3D9467682A8BFF231480633"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>identification of threats to those assets and infrastructures;</text> </clause><clause id="ID4C7F5450B09C45D78171DE4F65E8CFCB"><enum>(iii)</enum><text>identification of vulnerabilities that are specific to the transportation of hazardous materials by railroad; and</text> </clause><clause id="ID78941E76D0864C9E8C3DFCDE2AFFD44B"><enum>(iv)</enum><text>identification of security weaknesses in passenger and cargo security, transportation infrastructure, protection systems, procedural policies, communications systems, employee training, emergency response planning, and any other area identified by the assessment.</text> </clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="ID18E4B23A2A204A0F8D189E022EEA532C"><enum>(C)</enum><header>Existing private and public sector efforts</header><text>The assessment shall take into account actions taken or planned by both public and private entities to address identified security issues and assess the effective integration of such actions.</text> </subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="ID41AD23F7431A40BE8F54F4F497F619B5"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Recommendations</header><text>Based on the assessment conducted under paragraph (1), the Under Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Transportation, shall develop prioritized recommendations for improving rail security, including any recommendations the Under Secretary has for—</text> <subparagraph id="ID4AA190D9FC51403285C34FC4B2685E77"><enum>(A)</enum><text>improving the security of rail tunnels, rail bridges, rail switching and car storage areas, other rail infrastructure and facilities, information systems, and other areas identified by the Under Secretary as posing significant rail-related risks to public safety and the movement of interstate commerce, taking into account the impact that any proposed security measure might have on the provision of rail service;</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph id="ID1D4B8502E0774EB8BD713FF36C41E86A"><enum>(B)</enum><text>deploying equipment to detect explosives and hazardous chemical, biological, and radioactive substances, and any appropriate countermeasures;</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph id="IDDF981FB95BBD4AD9BD64A6248CC6BFB2"><enum>(C)</enum><text>training employees in terrorism prevention, passenger evacuation, and response activities;</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph id="ID44FE7FDF19CE4801947655C9FF977981"><enum>(D)</enum><text>conducting public outreach campaigns on passenger railroads;</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph id="ID52F329EFBBFD42C286CE0B787ED3884E"><enum>(E)</enum><text>deploying surveillance equipment; and</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph id="IDC552DFC0A7BA449EA68527F6996DAC31"><enum>(F)</enum><text>identifying the immediate and long-term costs of measures that may be required to address those risks.</text> </subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="ID358CB12C2ABE410B8B3304A663C1AB98"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Plans</header><text>The report required by subsection (c) shall include—</text> <subparagraph id="ID89BC5C8F66984C5CB281829C533B41E1"><enum>(A)</enum><text>a plan, developed in consultation with the freight and intercity passenger railroads, and State and local governments, for the government to provide increased security support at high or severe threat levels of alert; and</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph id="IDC01F49C612B746BB81EDF541B32F3F99"><enum>(B)</enum><text>a plan for coordinating rail security initiatives undertaken by the public and private sectors.</text> </subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="ID448D2E3E68D94BACB91D9DAE05A81E9B"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Consultation; Use of Existing Resources</header><text>In carrying out the assessment required by subsection (a)(1), the Under Secretary of Homeland Security for Border and Transportation Security shall consult with rail management, rail labor, owners or lessors of rail cars used to transport hazardous materials, first responders, shippers of hazardous materials, public safety officials (including those within other agencies and offices within the Department of Homeland Security), and other relevant parties.</text> </subsection><subsection id="IDA2636FCD703F4486B5B3A0BF9FB88871"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Report</header> <paragraph id="IDA3345F3E5E784C2EA357DD7733BEBCC4"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Contents</header><text>Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Under Secretary of Homeland Security for Border and Transportation Security shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a report containing the assessment and prioritized recommendations required by subsection (a) and an estimate of the cost to implement such recommendations.</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="IDA6191D92B3FE4E40BB53605AB516B8F2"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Format</header><text>The Under Secretary may submit the report in both classified and redacted formats if the Under Secretary determines that such action is appropriate or necessary.</text> </paragraph></subsection><subsection id="ID2DFEF4C7A4434A3098624BA3202CBE7A"><enum>(d)</enum><header>2-Year Updates</header><text>The Under Secretary of Homeland Security for Border and Transportation Security, in consultation with the Secretary of Transportation, shall update the assessment and recommendations every 2 years and submit to the committees named in subsection (c)(1) a report, which may be submitted in both classified and redacted formats, containing the updated assessment and recommendations.</text> </subsection><subsection id="ID25D87E2E75604EE2B269406531BE0452"><enum>(e)</enum><header>Authorization of Appropriations</header><text>There are authorized to be appropriated to the Under Secretary of Homeland Security for Border and Transportation Security $5,000,000 for fiscal year 2007 for the purpose of carrying out this section.</text> </subsection></section><section id="IDD13BB3F754714A2BBC9B88542E89D8DA"><enum>222.</enum><header>Rail security</header> <subsection id="ID9CB473439C804B499C977FC900C41E1A"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Rail Police Officers</header><text>Section 28101 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by striking <quote>the rail carrier</quote> each place it appears and inserting <quote>any rail carrier</quote>.</text> </subsection><subsection id="ID8BD73992ECB44B96B481D181350D939E"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Review of Rail Regulations</header><text>Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation, in consultation with the Under Secretary of Homeland Security for Border and Transportation Security, shall review the rail regulations of the Department of Transportation for the purpose of identifying areas in which those regulations need to be revised to improve rail security.</text> </subsection></section><section id="ID0C922A6B62E543EB8D9F8406C3B8397C"><enum>223.</enum><header>Study of foreign rail transport security programs</header> <subsection id="IDD1C8630A6CAA441AA75366660C4E2E72"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Requirement for Study</header><text>Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall complete a study of the rail passenger transportation security programs that are carried out for rail transportation systems in Japan, member nations of the European Union, and other foreign countries.</text> </subsection><subsection id="IDF5E251A099044590B12A49A2D317C902"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Purpose</header><text>The purpose of the study completed under subsection (a) shall be to identify effective rail transportation security measures that are in use in foreign rail transportation systems, including innovative measures and screening procedures determined effective.</text> </subsection><subsection id="IDD0224F3CEDCF451A864BE2DF7A8C1E37"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Report</header><text>The Comptroller General shall submit a report on the results of the study completed under subsection (a) to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives. The report shall include the Comptroller General’s assessment regarding whether it is feasible to implement within the United States any of the same or similar security measures that are determined effective under the study.</text> </subsection></section><section id="ID07F6241D23E9474BB07CF4B6E30D288D"><enum>224.</enum><header>Passenger, baggage, and cargo screening</header> <subsection id="ID569414743DDA43A2BC007F1A6AE90FDB"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Requirement for Study and Report</header><text>The Under Secretary of Homeland Security for Border and Transportation Security, in cooperation with the Secretary of Transportation, shall—</text> <paragraph id="ID146F11F159B04115937BA66A5DCBE089"><enum>(1)</enum><text>analyze the cost and feasibility of requiring security screening for passengers, baggage, and cargo on passenger trains; and</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="IDAE87CC509E4840B4BEE2BC1FA85BA61D"><enum>(2)</enum><text>not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, report the results of the study, together with any recommendations that the Under Secretary may have for implementing a rail security screening program to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives.</text> </paragraph></subsection><subsection id="ID1780C6BEB0A74EC0851503D97635D34F"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Pilot Program</header> <paragraph id="id6DC3DD12B5324159B04997E1C2295447"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>As part of the study under subsection (a), the Under Secretary shall conduct a pilot program of random security screening of passengers and baggage at 5 passenger rail stations served by Amtrak that are selected by the Under Secretary.</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="id58CB3BEBF5B442FCAAE32575294DCFC8"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Conduct of program</header><text>In conducting the pilot program, the Under Secretary shall—</text> <subparagraph id="IDC541E702CB78421CA18678BA481CACE7"><enum>(A)</enum><text>test a wide range of explosives detection technologies, devices, and methods;</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph id="IDC849698EE5164E5DBDF75B8F40F71D61"><enum>(B)</enum><text>require that intercity rail passengers produce government-issued photographic identification that matches the name on the passenger’s tickets prior to boarding trains; and</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph id="IDAF3F228D558A461681AE22C5BA4E66D3"><enum>(C)</enum><text>attempt to give preference to locations at the highest risk of terrorist attack and achieve a distribution of participating train stations in terms of geographic location, size, passenger volume, and whether the station is used by commuter rail passengers as well as Amtrak passengers.</text> </subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="ID217A25E984984D969D57457ACA416A57"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Authorization of Appropriations</header><text>There are authorized to be appropriated to the Under Secretary of Homeland Security for Border and Transportation Security $5,000,000 for fiscal year 2007 to carry out this section.</text> </subsection></section><section id="ID06D42A2ED236426F9107B30BA8CC837C"><enum>225.</enum><header>Certain personnel limitations not to apply</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Any statutory limitation on the number of employees in the Transportation Security Administration of the Department of Transportation, before or after its transfer to the Department of Homeland Security, shall not apply to the extent that any such employees are responsible for implementing the provisions of this subtitle.</text> </section><section id="ID5D013091536F426781883288542967B7"><enum>226.</enum><header>Fire and life-safety improvements</header> <subsection id="ID341633C94A184BFE993A7B70D5F0792B"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Life-Safety Needs</header><text>The Secretary of Transportation is authorized to make grants to Amtrak for the purpose of making fire and life-safety improvements to Amtrak tunnels on the Northeast Corridor in New York, New York, Baltimore, Maryland, and Washington, District of Columbia.</text> </subsection><subsection id="IDD3BB29A73F704B57A1B0049C72B07E2F"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Authorization of Appropriations</header><text>There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of Transportation for the purposes of carrying out subsection (a) the following amounts:</text> <paragraph id="ID5288F8FCFD3B4071B7A346C37142DEB5"><enum>(1)</enum><text>For the 6 New York tunnels to provide ventilation, electrical, and fire safety technology upgrades, emergency communication and lighting systems, and emergency access and egress for passengers—</text> <subparagraph id="ID941A196274E248C886ED5F9176657FD7"><enum>(A)</enum><text>$100,000,000 for fiscal year 2007;</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph id="IDE6D4AE50315947C09C9B3D7AAA3F51BD"><enum>(B)</enum><text>$100,000,000 for fiscal year 2008;</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph id="ID77E08D8D582841A299466D34C37E7D86"><enum>(C)</enum><text>$100,000,000 for fiscal year 2009;</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph id="id7D5583D5CCDB4AF19024D2FC1D6FFFFF"><enum>(D)</enum><text>$100,000,000 for fiscal year 2010; and</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph id="IDC288909C477C4E5E854E42B1E08F9583"><enum>(E)</enum><text>$170,000,000 for fiscal year 2011.</text> </subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="IDF89BFA7C60354F599BDA923A47B0B6B5"><enum>(2)</enum><text>For the Baltimore & Potomac tunnel and the Union tunnel, together, to provide adequate drainage, ventilation, communication, lighting, and passenger egress upgrades—</text> <subparagraph id="IDE61A645EF1F2458FA3815DCB9FFA0231"><enum>(A)</enum><text>$10,000,000 for fiscal year 2007;</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph id="IDE298E5E76D6141C09FD9C2A2EB7CD909"><enum>(B)</enum><text>$10,000,000 for fiscal year 2008;</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph id="IDEDC152A1239A45C4A2A8A852EB48D8A8"><enum>(C)</enum><text>$10,000,000 for fiscal year 2009;</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph id="ID38546D9D9BEB4F79B9D46E41CD100831"><enum>(D)</enum><text>$10,000,000 for fiscal year 2010; and</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph id="IDCBB8DDD1087D4D8AB6398CC700DD2D1A"><enum>(E)</enum><text>$17,000,000 for fiscal year 2011.</text> </subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="ID73AF6E482D1C48FD8E627B2007B3D66C"><enum>(3)</enum><text>For the Washington, District of Columbia, Union Station tunnels to improve ventilation, communication, lighting, and passenger egress upgrades—</text> <subparagraph id="IDFC63B5A9C6304447AD74F776C8679C33"><enum>(A)</enum><text>$8,000,000 for fiscal year 2007;</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph id="IDA8D0A051D93E43999CB289CB0F87850A"><enum>(B)</enum><text>$8,000,000 for fiscal year 2008;</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph id="IDFF0D1EF50611439A98E340B4EF14BEF7"><enum>(C)</enum><text>$8,000,000 for fiscal year 2009;</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph id="ID8E3668E9CDCC4853B0B99AFB056576A3"><enum>(D)</enum><text>$8,000,000 for fiscal year 2010; and</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph id="ID32C672364FDF4D2C87E91BAB665F3EEF"><enum>(E)</enum><text>$8,000,000 for fiscal year 2011.</text> </subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="ID7DAC495279E54C2CB51B3E4F0605925B"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Infrastructure Upgrades</header><text>There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of Transportation $3,000,000 for fiscal year 2007 for the preliminary design of options for a new tunnel on a different alignment to augment the capacity of the Baltimore, Maryland, tunnels.</text> </subsection><subsection id="IDFC5B3129844445D1BEFB7FD425498B2B"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Availability of Appropriated Funds</header><text>Amounts appropriated pursuant to this section shall remain available until expended.</text> </subsection><subsection id="ID2DCBB3E1905A4020BA07899DB9BECBE0"><enum>(e)</enum><header>Plans Required</header><text>The Secretary of Transportation may not make amounts available to Amtrak for obligation or expenditure under subsection (a)—</text> <paragraph id="ID012C63EDCA1F4E9DB09F902D968CF87C"><enum>(1)</enum><text>until Amtrak has submitted to the Secretary, and the Secretary has approved, an engineering and financial plan for such projects; and</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="IDC9E69FD81455487686D95BE120F024C9"><enum>(2)</enum><text>unless, for each project funded pursuant to this section, the Secretary has approved a project management plan prepared by Amtrak addressing appropriate project budget, construction schedule, recipient staff organization, document control and record keeping, change order procedure, quality control and assurance, periodic plan updates, periodic status reports, and such other matters the Secretary determines appropriate.</text> </paragraph></subsection><subsection id="IDB04C687BA3D44469931B9A8A919BD762"><enum>(f)</enum><header>Review of Plans</header> <paragraph id="id955B771BF6EC4397B205D562E5B42413"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Secretary of Transportation shall complete the review of the plans required under subsection (e) and approve or disapprove the plans not later than 45 days after the date on which each such plan is submitted by Amtrak.</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="idDA117C95C3E24ACA833D3A73957EBE4A"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Deficient plans</header><text>If the Secretary determines that a plan is incomplete or deficient, the Secretary shall notify Amtrak of the incomplete items or deficiencies and Amtrak shall, not later than 30 days after receiving such notification, submit a modified plan for the Secretary’s review.</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="idAAF6BC9049604A5089F98FF8E177857E"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Review of modified plans</header><text>Not later than 15 days after receiving additional information on items previously included in the plan, and not later than 45 days after receiving items newly included in a modified plan, the Secretary shall either approve the modified plan, or, if the Secretary finds the plan is still incomplete or deficient, the Secretary shall identify in writing to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives the portions of the plan the Secretary finds incomplete or deficient, approve all other portions of the plan, obligate the funds associated with those other portions, and execute an agreement with Amtrak not later than 15 days thereafter on a process for resolving the remaining portions of the plan.</text> </paragraph></subsection><subsection id="ID0D56295BC7214BEAB7689EA28978FFF6"><enum>(g)</enum><header>Financial Contribution From Other Tunnel Users</header><text>The Secretary shall, taking into account the need for the timely completion of all portions of the tunnel projects described in subsection (a)—</text> <paragraph id="ID4B644BDB024E4119B045A90FFC195B63"><enum>(1)</enum><text>consider the extent to which rail carriers other than Amtrak use the tunnels;</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="ID9CCA69DD41F049C2AD3508EAD2FFBD19"><enum>(2)</enum><text>consider the feasibility of seeking a financial contribution from those other rail carriers toward the costs of the projects; and</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="ID0421A21FBE5D45CEB6BE4468D7BACD16"><enum>(3)</enum><text>obtain financial contributions or commitments from such other rail carriers at levels reflecting the extent of their use of the tunnels, if feasible.</text> </paragraph></subsection></section><section id="ID62CF554444C340349DCF5701298DEEE8"><enum>227.</enum><header>Memorandum of understanding</header> <subsection id="ID500E9AFF0C944FEEB95071D33433C270"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Memorandum of understanding</header><text>Not later than 60 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation and the Secretary of Homeland Security shall execute a memorandum of agreement governing the roles and responsibilities of the Department of Transportation and the Department of Homeland Security, respectively, in addressing railroad transportation security matters, including the processes the departments will follow to promote communications, efficiency, and nonduplication of effort.</text> </subsection><subsection id="ID3DB5D305109B4818A78E89B6595B8A55"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Rail Safety Regulations</header><text>Section 20103(a) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by striking <quote>safety</quote> the first place it appears, and inserting <quote>safety, including security,</quote>.</text> </subsection></section><section id="ID72FB57B4C423467A96C9DEC315A098CD"><enum>228.</enum><header>Amtrak plan to assist families of passengers involved in rail passenger accidents</header> <subsection id="ID8C1C60A4BD8D44D29B17B09C833DED68"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In General</header><text>Chapter 243 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new section:</text> <quoted-block id="ID69EC4817E51E437BAFCF7CE8493C6DE0" style="USC"> <section id="IDEC883344BFF1496DBC8C59CF26A8283C"><enum>24316.</enum><header>Plan to address needs of families of passengers involved in rail passenger accidents</header> <subsection id="IDEB00B40C6B0F4D78A059F4B52933DAF1"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Submission of Plan</header><text>Not later than 6 months after the date of enactment of this section, Amtrak shall submit to the Chairman of the National Transportation Safety Board and the Secretary of Transportation a plan for addressing the needs of the families of passengers involved in any rail passenger accident involving an Amtrak intercity train and resulting in a loss of life.</text> </subsection><subsection id="ID91180F19656445CEAFE992347F989213"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Contents of Plans</header><text>The plan to be submitted by Amtrak under subsection (a) shall include, at a minimum, the following:</text> <paragraph id="ID0546FE6FC5C3496BA8E46F7079A187C7"><enum>(1)</enum><text>A process by which Amtrak shall maintain and provide to the National Transportation Safety Board and the Secretary of Transportation, immediately upon request, a list (which is based on the best available information at the time of the request) of the names of the passengers aboard the train (whether or not such names have been verified), and will periodically update the list. The process shall include a procedure, with respect to unreserved trains and passengers not holding reservations on other trains, for Amtrak to use reasonable efforts to ascertain the number and names of passengers aboard a train involved in an accident.</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="ID6022A18AEB62462C94D2989DEC1D0605"><enum>(2)</enum><text>A plan for creating and publicizing a reliable, toll-free telephone number within 4 hours after such an accident occurs, and for providing staff, to handle calls from the families of the passengers.</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="ID582E98341A3A44B88260FAB46B992F47"><enum>(3)</enum><text>A process using suitably trained individuals to notify the families of the passengers before any public notice of the names of the passengers is provided.</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="ID1562F0A4FA324135AD42E44E1E3D244C"><enum>(4)</enum><text>A process for providing the notice described in paragraph (2) to the family of a passenger as soon as Amtrak has verified that the passenger was aboard the train (whether or not the names of all of the passengers have been verified).</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="ID44F087592B0543DAB7E932E5368B0B15"><enum>(5)</enum><text>A process by which the family of each passenger will be—</text> <subparagraph id="IDDFA74966A7FD43DE8ACCED4563125836"><enum>(A)</enum><text>consulted about the disposition of all remains and personal effects of the passenger within Amtrak’s control;</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph id="ID341CFC08EA2943C0B364609553C995ED"><enum>(B)</enum><text>notified that any possession of the passenger within Amtrak’s control will be returned to the family unless the possession is needed for the accident investigation or any criminal investigation; and</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph id="ID0D46878425874FF8AC270015824B65A7"><enum>(C)</enum><text>notified that any unclaimed possession of a passenger within Amtrak’s control will be retained by the rail passenger carrier for at least 18 months.</text> </subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="IDFC034DE0FAD0406D93516E6DF8E8AC6F"><enum>(6)</enum><text>A process by which the treatment of the families of nonrevenue passengers will be the same as the treatment of the families of revenue passengers.</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="IDE31A710F12924BC9AA651EC0C75BE1CD"><enum>(7)</enum><text>An assurance that Amtrak will provide adequate training to its employees and agents to meet the needs of survivors and family members following an accident.</text> </paragraph></subsection><subsection id="ID20F5A96C5876420B886714603D7633C3"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Use of Information</header><text>The National Transportation Safety Board, the Secretary of Transportation, and Amtrak may not release to any person information on a list obtained under subsection (b)(1) but may provide information on the list about a passenger to the family of the passenger to the extent that the Board or Amtrak considers appropriate.</text> </subsection><subsection id="ID8B62A7991C764F2A9CD8F50C449CFBB0"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Limitation on Liability</header><text>Amtrak shall not be liable for damages in any action brought in a Federal or State court arising out of the performance of Amtrak in preparing or providing a passenger list, or in providing information concerning a train reservation, under the plan submitted by Amtrak under subsection (b), unless such liability was caused by Amtrak’s conduct.</text> </subsection><subsection id="ID36EA38CDC4734841A19285370356EE39"><enum>(e)</enum><header>Limitation on Statutory Construction</header><text>Nothing in this section may be construed as limiting the actions that Amtrak may take, or the obligations that Amtrak may have, in providing assistance to the families of passengers involved in a rail passenger accident.</text> </subsection><subsection id="IDDF9E1150E4DC4D7C9BCDF625B26E2E77"><enum>(f)</enum><header>Authorization of Appropriations</header><text>There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of Transportation for the use of Amtrak $500,000 for fiscal year 2007 to carry out this section. Amounts appropriated pursuant to this subsection shall remain available until expended.</text> </subsection></section><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block> </subsection><subsection id="ID3E7CF96D23AF406985F7AE450963A23A"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Conforming Amendment</header><text>The chapter analysis for chapter 243 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:</text> <quoted-block id="ID18FA53FD175B4F2B9D34A48C23BB423B" style="OLC"> <toc regeneration="no-regeneration"> <toc-entry level="section">24316. Plan to address needs of families of passengers involved in rail passenger accidents.</toc-entry> </toc> <after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block> </subsection></section><section id="ID39CC4D31A1104723828C5AE2C1D82FBD"><enum>229.</enum><header>Systemwide Amtrak security upgrades</header> <subsection id="ID2CDA5B9BE1FD413E9B5D3FD3082C6C5D"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In General</header><text>Subject to subsection (c), the Under Secretary of Homeland Security for Border and Transportation Security is authorized to make grants, through the Secretary of Transportation, to Amtrak—</text> <paragraph id="ID8AEE0741B8144407B891A4D9B041D135"><enum>(1)</enum><text>to secure major tunnel access points and ensure tunnel integrity in New York, New York, Baltimore, Maryland, and Washington, District of Columbia;</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="ID9C949B2FCDD54A48A87D8AB894A6B3B3"><enum>(2)</enum><text>to secure Amtrak trains;</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="ID3588A08CEB7342509FB2F82B04C9E303"><enum>(3)</enum><text>to secure Amtrak stations;</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="ID89A22F7471C241968CBFA4F446EF0A6B"><enum>(4)</enum><text>to obtain a watch list identification system approved by the Under Secretary;</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="IDAF0CAB8811B8443284AC2E631059F277"><enum>(5)</enum><text>to obtain train tracking and interoperable communications systems that are coordinated to the maximum extent possible;</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="ID40637F8F74C24BAAA1F03EBCE61A4917"><enum>(6)</enum><text>to hire additional police and security officers, including canine units;</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="idBD73D35371C54D608D306A740DE2CD65"><enum>(7)</enum><text>to supplement salaries and benefits of authorized sworn law enforcement personnel of the Amtrak Police Department; and</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="ID929A9C6B8DD44E3D8C54BAF3EE967AA1"><enum>(8)</enum><text>to expand emergency preparedness efforts.</text> </paragraph></subsection><subsection id="IDC38AE391A29143F5942BB5157AFFC62D"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Conditions</header><text>The Secretary of Transportation may not disburse funds to Amtrak under subsection (a) unless the projects are contained in a systemwide security plan approved by the Under Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Transportation, and, for capital projects, meet the requirements of section 226(e)(2). The plan shall include appropriate measures to address security awareness, emergency response, and passenger evacuation training.</text> </subsection><subsection id="IDAB901D8B03E2429CA529CD9972C838CF"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Equitable Geographic Allocation</header><text>The Under Secretary shall ensure that, subject to meeting the highest security needs on Amtrak’s entire system, stations and facilities located outside of the Northeast Corridor receive an equitable share of the security funds authorized by this section.</text> </subsection><subsection id="IDA74D29696B464DEC9EB161667688CDA7"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Authorization of appropriations</header> <paragraph id="idBE22BAFDF10A46208886F4B952F78879"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>There are authorized to be appropriated to the Under Secretary of Homeland Security for Border and Transportation Security—</text> <subparagraph id="id877119E257FE46A7BA271002CE47B57B"><enum>(A)</enum><text>$81,900,000 for fiscal year 2007 to carry out this section; and</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph id="idE0B131FF51A446EA9058551492530818"><enum>(B)</enum><text>$18,400,000 for each of the fiscal years 2007 through 2011, to carry out paragraphs (6) and (7) of subsection (a).</text> </subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="id3DAE5F1987304EF2966726612E7BB758"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Availability</header><text>Amounts appropriated pursuant to this subsection shall remain available until expended.</text> </paragraph></subsection></section><section id="ID6FB34526AFB949F0A1F411B27CC2DDB2"><enum>230.</enum><header>Freight and passenger rail security upgrades</header> <subsection id="ID6E7E49708DF74A0F84404351A93843C7"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Security Improvement Grants</header><text>The Under Secretary of Homeland Security for Border and Transportation Security is authorized to make grants to freight railroads, the Alaska Railroad, hazardous materials shippers, owners of rail cars used in the transportation of hazardous materials, universities, colleges and research centers, State and local governments (for passenger facilities and infrastructure not owned by Amtrak), and, through the Secretary of Transportation, to Amtrak, for full or partial reimbursement of costs incurred in the conduct of activities to prevent or respond to acts of terrorism, sabotage, or other intercity passenger rail and freight rail security threats, including—</text> <paragraph id="IDB2B13AE9D65A405AB7434A10B9414041"><enum>(1)</enum><text>security and redundancy for critical communications, computer, and train control systems essential for secure rail operations;</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="ID8875CEBFEF3B443EB956981EF3A39E66"><enum>(2)</enum><text>accommodation of cargo or passenger screening equipment at the United States-Mexico border or the United States-Canada border;</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="ID58F887C8C7A549DDA146F28655A0A412"><enum>(3)</enum><text>the security of hazardous material transportation by rail;</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="ID8552981B1CB84FE18D1604F6F1CFFF51"><enum>(4)</enum><text>secure intercity passenger rail stations, trains, and infrastructure;</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="IDE4A20D9D727740868F3BE72E9A27D8D7"><enum>(5)</enum><text>structural modification or replacement of rail cars transporting extremely hazardous materials (as defined in section 242) to improve their resistance to acts of terrorism;</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="ID9A97284A617D460EBB3474147A33CBFA"><enum>(6)</enum><text>employee security awareness, preparedness, passenger evacuation, and emergency response training;</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="IDAEBFE8A27753413289E35BFEA7DD4EAC"><enum>(7)</enum><text>public security awareness campaigns for passenger train operations;</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="IDE71E23CA73D94D2F8F81CA3CDF8FFEA8"><enum>(8)</enum><text>the sharing of intelligence and information about security threats;</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="ID6F37F7F3B1BD4B0488A0621CEC98F0FF"><enum>(9)</enum><text>train tracking and interoperable communications systems that are coordinated to the maximum extent possible;</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="ID73B82B4831F74A5D9C5E4A3059885316"><enum>(10)</enum><text>the hiring of additional police and security officers, including canine units; and</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="IDBF269C920AC64CC691AA56FEC89CD3D6"><enum>(11)</enum><text>other improvements recommended by the reports submitted under subsections (c) and (d) of section 221, including infrastructure, facilities, and equipment upgrades.</text> </paragraph></subsection><subsection id="ID5FB4A19A51FA4FF0AA75E03FFD2AF1BE"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Accountability</header><text>The Under Secretary shall adopt necessary procedures, including audits, to ensure that grants made under this section are expended in accordance with the purposes of this subtitle and the priorities and other criteria developed by the Under Secretary.</text> </subsection><subsection id="ID4F83125041414C118CFF02A234D52021"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Equitable Allocation</header><text>The Under Secretary shall equitably distribute the funds authorized by this section, taking into account geographic location, and shall encourage non-Federal financial participation in awarding grants. With respect to grants for passenger rail security, the Under Secretary shall also take into account passenger volume and whether a station is used by commuter rail passengers as well as intercity rail passengers.</text> </subsection><subsection id="ID2DB5B69089CE40EB8E495B242E30BF2B"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Conditions</header><text>The Secretary of Transportation may not disburse funds to Amtrak under subsection (a) unless Amtrak meets the conditions set forth in section 229(b).</text> </subsection><subsection id="ID83B302C76FAF4455B126821D1988843E"><enum>(e)</enum><header>Allocation Between Railroads and Others</header><text>Unless as a result of the assessment required by section 201(a) the Under Secretary of Homeland Security for Border and Transportation Security determines that critical rail transportation security needs require reimbursement in greater amounts to any eligible entity, no grants under this section may be made—</text> <paragraph id="ID66DE90D6BE914F21BB8AAB717D925009"><enum>(1)</enum><text>in excess of $65,000,000 to Amtrak; or</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="IDD8BD6B9B9E8A4C65AF3400D0308D0E16"><enum>(2)</enum><text>in excess of $100,000,000 for the purposes described in paragraphs (3) and (5) of subsection (a).</text> </paragraph></subsection><subsection id="ID6EA816225FCE4C3CA00E5242AB71A402"><enum>(f)</enum><header>Authorization of Appropriations</header><text>There are authorized to be appropriated to the Under Secretary of Homeland Security for Border and Transportation Security $350,000,000 for fiscal year 2007 to carry out this section. Amounts appropriated pursuant to this subsection shall remain available until expended.</text> </subsection></section><section id="IDA16B06B30A604D299D27401D6E5C2385"><enum>231.</enum><header>Rail security research and development</header> <subsection id="ID966FBE46DED243B2A4402D975C47AC7D"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Establishment of Research and Development Program</header><text>The Under Secretary of Homeland Security for Border and Transportation Security, in conjunction with the Secretary of Transportation, shall carry out a research and development program for the purpose of improving freight and intercity passenger rail security that may include research and development projects to—</text> <paragraph id="ID0C3ED244FDAF4470904E0B757BB5D8C7"><enum>(1)</enum><text>reduce the vulnerability of passenger trains, stations, and equipment to explosives and hazardous chemical, biological, and radioactive substances;</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="ID6C7A0DDBA8F440879D906F4E4A9669D8"><enum>(2)</enum><text>test new emergency response techniques and technologies;</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="IDAD41BFC7F2B54FAE81085AC5DA39B09A"><enum>(3)</enum><text>develop improved freight technologies, including—</text> <subparagraph id="ID188E808E6DA64F6B80D14CF51E4A3A73"><enum>(A)</enum><text>technologies for sealing rail cars;</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph id="IDE90C98F5376B49239F97133FC3209B59"><enum>(B)</enum><text>automatic inspection of rail cars;</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph id="IDF758D3817B8B42E7B442A784EFE68406"><enum>(C)</enum><text>communication-based train controls; and</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph id="IDA64E48CC503C4497BCF496C2F63D3824"><enum>(D)</enum><text>emergency response training;</text> </subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="IDEFF3253AFCB84FD9A5570AD8A41D6CE9"><enum>(4)</enum><text>test wayside detectors that can detect tampering with railroad equipment;</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="ID0A8C2FB67176495F94620607493035EC"><enum>(5)</enum><text>support enhanced security for the transportation of hazardous materials by rail, including—</text> <subparagraph id="ID5DCB154FDC7545CAA9BE6E99ADD9B836"><enum>(A)</enum><text>technologies to detect a breach in a tank car and transmit information about the integrity of tank cars to the train crew;</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph id="ID72A62473C7794E4BBFBC9B90D3DD016C"><enum>(B)</enum><text>research to improve tank car integrity, with a focus on tank cars that carry extremely hazardous materials (as defined in section 242); and</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph id="ID0248FCCC6C854809AF0E2F9DF97A5754"><enum>(C)</enum><text>techniques to transfer hazardous materials from rail cars that are damaged or otherwise represent an unreasonable risk to human life or public safety; and</text> </subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="IDA9359B5357D146B1BC59EC5C2A59F98F"><enum>(6)</enum><text>other projects recommended in reports submitted under section 221.</text> </paragraph></subsection><subsection id="ID55AF8C7F98504065AA97458D31516AAE"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Coordination With Other Research Initiatives</header> <paragraph id="id536BE7EFAFAD4050B520CC1F1332FBDE"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The Under Secretary of Homeland Security for Border and Transportation Security shall ensure that the research and development program authorized by this section is coordinated with other research and development initiatives at the Department of Homeland Security and the Department of Transportation.</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="id05318E129EC7441DB2AA2B427484781A"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Agreement for implementation</header><text>The Under Secretary of Homeland Security for Border and Transportation Security shall carry out any research and development project authorized by this section through a reimbursable agreement with the Secretary of Transportation if the Secretary of Transportation—</text> <subparagraph id="ID32D1C6A3F4FE4F5FA5854C15CA5663C0"><enum>(A)</enum><text>is already sponsoring a research and development project in a similar area; or</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph id="ID6B7849935D984D729ECC056812DD0C39"><enum>(B)</enum><text>has a unique facility or capability that would be useful in carrying out the project.</text> </subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection id="ID4A4D1C1D411345BAA9ACD6E4D8947780"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Accountability</header><text>The Under Secretary shall adopt necessary procedures, including audits, to ensure that grants made under this section are expended in accordance with the purposes of this Act and the priorities and other criteria developed by the Under Secretary.</text> </subsection><subsection id="ID8A3C4F3DF1BE40F6A247EC5EE9222EE6"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Authorization of Appropriations</header><text>There are authorized to be appropriated to the Under Secretary of Homeland Security for Border and Transportation Security $50,000,000 in each of fiscal years 2007 and 2008 to carry out this section. Amounts appropriated pursuant to this subsection shall remain available until expended.</text> </subsection></section><section id="IDF2A5453BD0684C74A85014EC42855055"><enum>232.</enum><header>Welded rail and tank car safety improvements</header> <subsection id="ID59164CE0F4304749939DA2CFB6D1DB89"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Track Standards</header><text>Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Railroad Administration shall—</text> <paragraph id="ID0F44B3063AF04754BFA819A6A857A0AA"><enum>(1)</enum><text>require each track owner using continuous welded rail track to include procedures (in its procedures filed with the Administration under section 213.119 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations) to improve the identification of cracks in rail joint bars;</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="ID747709E39F7C49F48ED24BE45A6C3C62"><enum>(2)</enum><text>instruct Administration track inspectors to obtain copies of the most recent continuous welded rail programs of each railroad within the inspectors’ areas of responsibility and require that inspectors use those programs when conducting track inspections; and</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="ID970D9992CD534932B717D86997AF7600"><enum>(3)</enum><text>establish a program to periodically review continuous welded rail joint bar inspection data from railroads and Administration track inspectors and, whenever the Administrator determines that it is necessary or appropriate, require railroads to increase the frequency or improve the methods of inspection of joint bars in continuous welded rail.</text> </paragraph></subsection><subsection id="ID04A691DD0A744151A0A8C2D0A97D2DE0"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Tank Car Standards</header><text>The Administrator of the Federal Railroad Administration shall—</text> <paragraph id="IDDCAB2536D31249DD85AB128488AE6B16"><enum>(1)</enum><text>not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, validate the predictive model it is developing to quantify the relevant dynamic forces acting on railroad tank cars under accident conditions; and</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="IDF846B70C63BA4187AD68092F21FC51F3"><enum>(2)</enum><text>not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act, initiate a rulemaking to develop and implement appropriate design standards for pressurized tank cars.</text> </paragraph></subsection><subsection id="IDBBCE773ADC7A414B8BD8ABDAFC237C60"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Older Tank Car Impact Resistance Analysis and Report</header><text>Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Railroad Administration shall—</text> <paragraph id="IDB236A057B8F14B4A976B69B5C39F18E1"><enum>(1)</enum><text>conduct a comprehensive analysis to determine the impact resistance of the steels in the shells of pressure tank cars constructed before 1989; and</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="ID5BFAB48E0A324CA4BC54FEE109ADF996"><enum>(2)</enum><text>submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a report with recommendations for measures to eliminate or mitigate the risk of catastrophic failure.</text> </paragraph></subsection></section><section id="ID241D0E66610D46D286018B0A027E413D"><enum>233.</enum><header>Northern border rail passenger report</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Under Secretary of Homeland Security for Border and Transportation Security, in consultation with the heads of other appropriate Federal departments and agencies and the National Railroad Passenger Corporation, shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a report that contains—</text> <paragraph id="IDA8D71F95DAEE464688B7E9F7B027D646"><enum>(1)</enum><text>a description of the system for screening passengers and baggage on passenger rail service between the United States and Canada;</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="ID975D81906F524A2EB092548306A2598B"><enum>(2)</enum><text>an assessment of the program to provide preclearance of airline passengers between the United States and Canada as outlined in <quote>The Agreement on Air Transport Preclearance between the Government of Canada and the Government of the United States of America</quote>, dated January 18, 2001;</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="IDE85B8ED280D54E39A8857F57B37608FB"><enum>(3)</enum><text>an assessment of the program to provide preclearance of freight railroad traffic between the United States and Canada as outlined in the <quote>Declaration of Principle for the Improved Security of Rail Shipments by Canadian National Railway and Canadian Pacific Railway from Canada to the United States</quote>, dated April 2, 2003;</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="ID0736D990BD79487BA55052F5005C73A8"><enum>(4)</enum><text>information on progress by the Department of Homeland Security and other Federal agencies towards finalizing a bilateral protocol with Canada that would provide for preclearance of passengers on trains operating between the United States and Canada;</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="ID88DE478F65224C34B21ECEAEDCE98051"><enum>(5)</enum><text>a description of legislative, regulatory, budgetary, or policy barriers within the United States Government to providing prescreened passenger lists for rail passengers traveling between the United States and Canada to the Department of Homeland Security;</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="ID3780DF3A7A74428D86009FF0804694E4"><enum>(6)</enum><text>a description of the position of the Government of Canada and relevant Canadian agencies with respect to preclearance of such passengers; and</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="IDB4CDDFFB8ED54A11B22CA497F692FB73"><enum>(7)</enum><text>a draft of any changes in Federal law necessary to provide for prescreening of such passengers and providing prescreened passenger lists to the Department of Homeland Security.</text> </paragraph></section><section id="ID98491BEB24D84071875F565A0250D3B5"><enum>234.</enum><header>Whistleblower protection program</header> <subsection id="ID6C9D2A0AE93F42B592194F4826239122"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In General</header><text>Subchapter I of chapter 201 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by inserting after section 20115 the following:</text> <quoted-block id="ID451ECE7F6AA045B28D1C5BCC89819EC6" style="USC"> <section id="ID61C5262B631A40DE88539803D06CDC6D"><enum>20116.</enum><header>Whistleblower protection for rail security matters</header> <subsection id="IDD89BABF0F5D24A9D807E419ECDDD5B69"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Discrimination Against Employee</header><text>No rail carrier engaged in interstate or foreign commerce may discharge a railroad employee or otherwise discriminate against a railroad employee because the employee (or any person acting under a request of the employee)—</text> <paragraph id="IDD351D0D6B8C147FCBFC843F631743680"><enum>(1)</enum><text>provided, caused to be provided, or is about to provide or cause to be provided, to the employer or the Federal Government information relating to a perceived threat to security;</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="IDB4D1A4A7D3C14EDE87EEB0B8895D2623"><enum>(2)</enum><text>provided, caused to be provided, or is about to provide or cause to be provided, testimony before Congress or at any Federal or State proceeding regarding a perceived threat to security; or</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="ID13C3E9F1471D4D08BD8B75280AC1A42C"><enum>(3)</enum><text>refused to violate or assist in the violation of any law, rule, or regulation related to rail security.</text> </paragraph></subsection><subsection id="IDBF9ABF6BEFBF4BA99A011E5AFB9017A2"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Dispute Resolution</header><text>A dispute, grievance, or claim arising under this section is subject to resolution under section 3 of the Railway Labor Act (45 U.S.C. 153). In a proceeding by the National Railroad Adjustment Board, a division or delegate of the Board, or another board of adjustment established under such section to resolve the dispute, grievance, or claim, the proceeding shall be expedited and the dispute, grievance, or claim shall be resolved not later than 180 days after it is filed. If the violation is a form of discrimination that does not involve discharge, suspension, or another action affecting pay, and no other remedy is available under this subsection, the Board, division, delegate, or other board of adjustment may award the employee reasonable damages, including punitive damages, of not more than $20,000.</text> </subsection><subsection id="ID06159ECF2C1C4EC6BF6DB4EA366DB9E4"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Procedural Requirements</header><text>Except as provided in subsection (b), the procedure set forth in section 42121(b)(2)(B), including the burdens of proof, applies to any complaint brought under this section.</text> </subsection><subsection id="ID519EF7116C334395B804CDF0678F484B"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Election of Remedies</header><text>An employee of a railroad carrier may not seek protection under both this section and another provision of law for the same allegedly unlawful act of the carrier.</text> </subsection><subsection id="IDD7FE5BA0A1FB414C898DE47B5A0DAADA"><enum>(e)</enum><header>Disclosure of Identity</header> <paragraph id="ID4F7BC17C0F754A6D872B359962EEBC42"><enum>(1)</enum><text>Except as provided in paragraph (2), or with the written consent of the employee, the Secretary of Transportation may not disclose the name of an employee of a railroad carrier who has provided information about an alleged violation of this section.</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="IDF474C65F007342F1A9AEA230DD45FF0B"><enum>(2)</enum><text>The Secretary shall disclose to the Attorney General the name of an employee described in paragraph (1) if the matter is referred to the Attorney General for enforcement.</text> </paragraph></subsection></section><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block> </subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="IDAACAFB643C8F44408D226B3B212A5997"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Conforming Amendment</header><text>The chapter analysis for chapter 201 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 20115 the following:</text> <quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id30D3972AC8B84BE9902EDE0D394DEE2F" style="OLC"> <toc> <toc-entry bold="off" level="section">20116. Whistleblower protection for rail security matters.</toc-entry> </toc> <after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block> </subsection></section></subtitle><subtitle id="idF50BC0138BF04B958D723F2CB4B61D4A"><enum>C</enum><header>Transportation of Hazardous Materials by Rail</header> <section id="idF1DDC9409CD447CC948292213E603797"><enum>241.</enum><header>Findings</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Congress makes the following findings:</text> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID9ef9dff6fee943baa4ae2068f21d1c43"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Congress has specifically given the Department of Homeland Security, working in conjunction with the Department of Transportation and other Federal agencies, the primary authority for the security of the United States transportation sector, including passenger and freight rail.</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="IDacc3ae80fe884a3681be85684f106abd"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">This authority includes the responsibility to protect American citizens from terrorist incidents related to the transport by rail of extremely hazardous materials.</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="IDfba015ead5d3415c9cab634668ed2502"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Federal agencies have determined that hazardous materials can be used as tools of destruction and terror and that extremely hazardous materials are particularly vulnerable to sabotage or misuse during transport.</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="IDb60b55a6221249eebe7abbe443ae8652"><enum>(4)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Central Intelligence Agency have found evidence suggesting that chemical tankers used to transport and store extremely hazardous chemicals have been targeted by terrorist groups.</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="IDaa8d09f95a33424ab6e4f4f234370ab8"><enum>(5)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Rail shipments of extremely hazardous materials are often routed through highly attractive targets and densely populated areas, including within a few miles of the White House and United States Capitol.</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id972C715844724E82871DC5A046977918"><enum>(6)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">According to security experts, certain extremely hazardous materials present a mass casualty terrorist potential rivaled only by improvised nuclear devices, certain acts of bioterrorism, and the collapse of large occupied buildings.</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="IDc778fb0cb2004f99bfb079e7310a1083"><enum>(7)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">A report by the Chlorine Institute found that a 90-ton rail tanker, if successfully targeted by an explosive device, could cause a catastrophic release of an extremely hazardous material, creating a toxic cloud 40 miles long and 10 miles wide.</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id7A983EA35FE24090BAE4A6BDEDBAF7E8"><enum>(8)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Environmental Protection Agency estimates that in an urban area a toxic cloud could extend for 14 miles.</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID747e9a099b0a4b8ab4b3a9d333590f8b"><enum>(9)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The United States Naval Research Laboratories concluded that a toxic plume of this type, created while there was a public event on the National Mall, could kill or injure up to 100,000 people in less than 30 minutes.</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID8a06cd9db2bc454ab924ed084d602b24"><enum>(10)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">According to security experts, rail shipments of extremely hazardous materials are particularly vulnerable and dangerous, however the Federal Government has made no material reduction in the inherent vulnerability of hazardous chemical targets inside the United States.</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="IDfa87a31117ff4669b6d4bde3ec84fd52"><enum>(11)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">While the safety record related to rail shipments of hazardous materials is very good, recent accidental releases of extremely hazardous materials in rural South Carolina and San Antonio, Texas, demonstrate the fatal danger posed by extremely hazardous materials.</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="IDa9584210790747b5b230da265f4954fc"><enum>(12)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Security experts have determined that re-routing these rail shipments is the only way to immediately eliminate this danger in high threat areas, which currently puts hundreds of thousands of people at risk.</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idF8355E770BC142868C111CAE45CA7CD9"><enum>(13)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Security experts have determined that the primary benefit of re-routing the shipment of extremely hazardous materials is a reduction in the number of people that would be exposed to the deadly impact of the release due to an attack, and the principal cost would be the additional operating expense associated with possible increased mileage for the shipment of extremely hazardous materials.</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID1a1d6c09dffa4305869e537e5b2a1198"><enum>(14)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Less than 5 percent of all hazardous materials shipped by rail will meet the definition of extremely hazardous materials under this Act.</text> </paragraph></section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id3AB61359BCD74939B5395BC8130DD8F7"><enum>242.</enum><header>Definitions</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">In this subtitle, the following definitions apply:</text> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id064A70A124C54CFCA574EBBB6E53D086"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Extremely hazardous material</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The term <term>extremely hazardous material</term> means any chemical, toxin, or other material being shipped or stored in sufficient quantities to represent an acute health threat or have a high likelihood of causing injuries, casualties, or economic damage if successfully targeted by a terrorist attack, including materials that—</text> <subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="IDf64a8a80db09412a955c7b314623d4e5"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">are—</text> <clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id824A31D973404F449D606B8755989AF2"><enum>(i)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">toxic by inhalation;</text> </clause><clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID19a1a99277ec4dc9b4edc84e7490babb"><enum>(ii)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">extremely flammable; or</text> </clause><clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID2a90035273154d38a4e2b5e4e9ca9c3e"><enum>(iii)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">highly explosive;</text> </clause></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="IDdbb51a353b5e4db5a707e9b88cd76b92"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">contain high level nuclear waste; or</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="IDa70c6a757de1400e861458ed199466f6"><enum>(C)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">are otherwise designated by the Secretary as extremely hazardous.</text> </subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID7e34515e939a43079cfc598172ae0678"><enum>(2)</enum><header>High threat corridor</header> <subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id1A9806F886EC4B51A805AD15AC687955"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The term <term>high threat corridor</term> means a geographic area that has been designated by the Secretary as particularly vulnerable to damage from the release of extremely hazardous materials, including—</text> <clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id389837FBD8434880948E6930D224C663"><enum>(i)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">large populations centers;</text> </clause><clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id116D4671A81B4DAD9118738F98AEA643"><enum>(ii)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">areas important to national security;</text> </clause><clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id601A0996970242039BCDBD9B1B8A9B87"><enum>(iii)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">areas that terrorists may be particularly likely to attack; or</text> </clause><clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idED93B558F06B4DF2A01C0BC415E8B138"><enum>(iv)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">any other area designated by the Secretary as vulnerable to damage from the rail shipment or storage of extremely hazardous materials.</text> </clause></subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idED2A852FFBA54D059A42239D3BA811EF"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Other areas</header> <clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id711F0FFE9D2947608C91A9E5A96F168B"><enum>(i)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Any city that is not designated as a high threat corridor under subparagraph (A) may file a petition with the Secretary to be so designated.</text> </clause><clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idABC2411F077E4F49BAC82D38B200EF2A"><enum>(ii)</enum><header>Procedure</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Secretary shall establish, by rule, regulation, or order, procedures for petitions under clause (i), including—</text> <subclause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID3f18266becc94c90a4a06aa43d19d353"><enum>(I)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">designating the local official eligible to file a petition;</text> </subclause><subclause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID3ae4454fb3ee40bc9a84704b22cb4710"><enum>(II)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">establishing the criteria a city shall include in a petition;</text> </subclause><subclause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID53279a4853934670b751437910dab569"><enum>(III)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">allowing a city to submit evidence supporting its petition; and</text> </subclause><subclause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID41f6c9f2a24a484784c6c7c599c7fce6"><enum>(IV)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">requiring the Secretary to rule on the petition not later than 60 days after the date of submission of the petition.</text> </subclause></clause><clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id52F61B57262D43D08D720B8164F1897A"><enum>(iii)</enum><header>Notice</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Secretary’s decision regarding any petition under clause (i) shall be communicated to the requesting city, the Governor of the State in which the city is located, and the Senators and Members of the House of Representatives that represent the State in which the city is located.</text> </clause></subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID4d9a7f985f534c9f8bd3d206d2e7faa3"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Secretary</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The term <term>Secretary</term> means the Secretary of Homeland Security or the Secretary’s designee.</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id34ECAEC41B06496E831E328D4F86679D"><enum>(4)</enum><header>Storage</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The term <term>storage</term> means any temporary or long-term storage of extremely hazardous materials in rail tankers or any other medium utilized to transport extremely hazardous materials by rail.</text> </paragraph></section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idDCFD1B5CFAAD49DAA2EBD41CB15DE016"><enum>243.</enum><header>Regulations for transport of extremely hazardous materials</header> <subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idC7FE4279B4764E4AB0A1D0B8CFFF84BF"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Purposes of regulations</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The regulations issued under this section shall establish a national, risk-based policy for extremely hazardous materials transported by rail or being stored. To the extent the Secretary determines appropriate, the regulations issued under this section shall be consistent with other Federal, State, and local regulations and international agreements relating to shipping or storing extremely hazardous materials.</text> </subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id90099C5E656447FBA0350F4E62689826"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Issuance of regulations</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall issue, after notice and opportunity for public comment, regulations concerning the rail shipment and storage of extremely hazardous materials by owners and operators of railroads. In developing such regulations, the Secretary shall consult with other Federal, State, and local government entities, security experts, representatives of the hazardous materials rail shipping industry, labor unions representing persons who work with hazardous materials in the rail shipping industry, and other interested persons, including private sector interest groups.</text> </subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idD330CB5429564B0B99754464B822E494"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Requirements</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The regulations issued under this section shall—</text> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id06A0DEFF876448009C91A03AB5B81821"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">include a list of the high threat corridors designated by the Secretary;</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id6828F0A3702F488CA193D992583FE91A"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">contain the criteria used by the Secretary to determine whether an area qualifies as a high threat corridor;</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idC4BB822A7A69472F9ACE0DD9EAE2444E"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">include a list of extremely hazardous materials;</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id86154E07D65748A28B92D86E24A9423C"><enum>(4)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">establish protocols for owners and operators of railroads that ship extremely hazardous materials regarding notifying all governors, mayors, and other designated officials and local emergency responders in a high threat corridor of the quantity and type of extremely hazardous materials that are transported by rail through the high threat corridor;</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idFEAB61FD1D9A4550BA665B366FCE288B"><enum>(5)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">require reports regarding the transport by railroad of extremely hazardous materials by the Secretary to local governmental officials designated by the Secretary, and Local Emergency Planning Committees, established under the Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act of 1986 (42 U.S.C. 11001 et seq.);</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id48272F9D3F914B2894CCB12B7741DAF8"><enum>(6)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">establish protocols for the coordination of Federal, State, and local law enforcement authorities in creating a plan to respond to a terrorist attack, sabotage, or accident involving a rail shipment of extremely hazardous materials that causes the release of such materials;</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id7F7AA04FD39747F5AEA49BDDE1812CE7"><enum>(7)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">require that any rail shipment containing extremely hazardous materials be re-routed around any high threat corridor; and</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idB678AF754B154E44A2E53DBF0D2FFFF3"><enum>(8)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">establish standards for the Secretary to grant exceptions to the re-routing requirement under paragraph (7).</text> </paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id30F0DCAFCBDC4518BD23EF7B7764006C"><enum>(d)</enum><header>High threat corridors</header> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idFAA7FA4B40514EEC80970F9854926526"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The criteria under subsection (c)(2) for determining whether an area qualifies as a high threat corridor may be the same criteria used for the distribution of funds under the Urban Area Security Initiative Program.</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id3F994CC6458D46AE90B6C1FAC7C739ED"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Initial list</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">If the Secretary is unable to complete the review necessary to determine which areas should be designated as high threat corridors within 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the initial list shall be the cities that received funding under the Urban Area Security Initiative Program in fiscal year 2004.</text> </paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idB734816419584F71908D9B97592FA37E"><enum>(e)</enum><header>Extremely hazardous materials list</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">If the Secretary is unable to complete the review necessary to determine which materials should be designated extremely hazardous materials under subsection (c)(3) within 90 days of the date of enactment of this Act, the initial list shall include—</text> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id6E3D8E2A8C17450B898A37DBB4925333"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">explosives classified as Class 1, Division 1.1, or Class 1, Division 1.2, under section 173.2 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, in a quantity greater than 500 kilograms;</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="IDf6825535c3844c71af2b66e01ebf6e19"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">flammable gasses classified as Class 2, Division 2.1, under section 173.2 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, in a quantity greater than 10,000 liters;</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="IDd9d025cdaf584b2e9ea4c00fab492672"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">poisonous gasses classified as Class 2, Division 2.3, under section 173.2 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, that are also assigned to Hazard Zones A or B under section 173.116 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, in a quantity greater than 500 liters;</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID9d6908b5b8c949909be27babbbfc7a59"><enum>(4)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">poisonous materials, other than gasses, classified as Class 6, Division 6.1, under section 173.2 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, that are also assigned to Hazard Zones A or B under section 173.116 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, in a quantity greater than 1,000 kilograms; and</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID1353aeda13524061b6e2eb63850e0a0e"><enum>(5)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">anhydrous ammonia classified as Class 2, Division 2.2, under section 173.2 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, in a quantity greater than 1,000 kilograms.</text> </paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id706AC3B507A6454D87847F0300CFF12A"><enum>(f)</enum><header>Notification</header> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id2D9D95160AA04F8AB2956FDDEB43DEDD"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The protocols under subsection (c)(4) shall establish the required frequency of reporting by an owner and operator of a railroad to the Governors, Mayors, and other designated officials and local emergency responders in a high threat corridor.</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idC808EAC2A35C457D8FDF3AA7CB16AAC1"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Reports to secretary</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The protocols under subsection (c)(4) shall require owners and operators of railroad to make annual reports to the Secretary regarding the transportation of extremely hazardous materials, and to make quarterly updates if there has been any significant change in the type, quantity, or frequency of shipments.</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id7569846BFFA24FD587DA483709C1D4D4"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Considerations</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In developing protocols under subsection (c)(4), the Secretary shall consider both the security needs of the United States and the interests of State and local governmental officials.</text> </paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id8C620C494F964A9CA872AD27FC905C7D"><enum>(g)</enum><header>Reports</header> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id5A6976A19CAD48968BA112FCAEA57BEC"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Frequency</header> <subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id926FDBEF657C41F7BB3302D004310837"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Secretary shall make an annual report to local governmental officials and Local Emergency Planning Committees under subsection (c)(5).</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idBFF774E28A024B1FA8ED14E0A771EFF2"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Updates</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">If there has been any significant change in the type, quantity, or frequency of rail shipments in a geographic area, the Secretary shall make a quarterly update report to local governmental officials and Local Emergency Planning Committees in that geographic area.</text> </subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idCA83B393760B4AE2963B5D35636BF85F"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Contents</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Each report made under subsection (c)(5) shall incorporate information from the reports under subsection (c)(4) and shall include—</text> <subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id3DC5C1BD565A4CD6B2840370DF292F93"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">a good-faith estimate of the total number of rail cars containing extremely hazardous materials shipped through or stored in each metropolitan statistical area; and</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idFF1C647FBE3F4736869640FA7CDC9733"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">if a release from a railcar carrying or storing extremely hazardous materials is likely to harm persons or property beyond the property of the owner or operator of the railroad, a risk management plan that provides—</text> <clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id1DCCA20CB5B74F468D0EDD2FBB5520B3"><enum>(i)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">a hazard assessment of the potential effects of a release of the extremely hazardous materials, including—</text> <subclause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID68349bbb72a946d3a82c73876c2d4be9"><enum>(I)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">an estimate of the potential release quantities; and</text> </subclause><subclause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="IDf0aeabb1838f4ba5920e6d0054458346"><enum>(II)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">a determination of the downwind effects, including the potential exposures to affected populations;</text> </subclause></clause><clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID4451d62952c444239e7f389f20f417df"><enum>(ii)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">a program to prevent a release of extremely hazardous materials, including—</text> <subclause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID67dedfd5727942ef8cd2d02093a64a57"><enum>(I)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">security precautions;</text> </subclause><subclause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="IDa6e655bd32ea4a7f87db09f9d713939a"><enum>(II)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">monitoring programs; and</text> </subclause><subclause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="IDa164a8e483f94b099a5b0a7a7628399a"><enum>(III)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">employee training measures utilized; and</text> </subclause></clause><clause commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="IDf560b36f9e934df790744b8e36b8dc8e"><enum>(iii)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">an emergency response program that provides for specific actions to be taken in response to the release of an extremely hazardous material, including procedures for informing the public and Federal, State, and local agencies responsible for responding to the release of an extremely hazardous material.</text> </clause></subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idC253D378EF7A4EC2BDA613D919C2B8AC"><enum>(h)</enum><header>Transportation and storage of extremely hazardous materials through high threat corridors</header> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id5D7CB08359D24C859C48DFB3F7013CFE"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The standards for the Secretary to grant exceptions under subsection (c)(8) shall require a finding of special circumstances by the Secretary, including that—</text> <subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id2D81B6287A3D45F1825AD91A6649F171"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the shipment originates in or is destined to the high threat corridor;</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id29AADCFBF30D48888E173993B4B3C441"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">there is no practical alternate route;</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idD08A906FEB1D47EA9EF6C2C751E26FC0"><enum>(C)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">there is an unanticipated, temporary emergency that threatens the lives of people in the high threat corridor; or</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id0F02904A5E72406F84929504728679E5"><enum>(D)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">there would be no harm to persons or property beyond the property of the owner or operator of the railroad in the event of a successful terrorist attack on the shipment.</text> </subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id2623232A14A2440498102060056C125F"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Practical alternate routes</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Whether a shipper must utilize an interchange agreement or otherwise utilize a system of tracks or facilities owned by another operator shall not be considered by the Secretary in determining whether there is a practical alternate route under paragraph (1)(B).</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id1D153DE91FDE4B9899F0867CF1F4833A"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Grant of exception</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">If the Secretary grants an exception under subsection (c)(8)—</text> <subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id947D283D75B94DABAA1123B016965049"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the extremely hazardous material may not be stored in the high threat corridor, including under a leased track or rail siding agreement; and</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id656C2CDAA8334AD99B06DB0E12B6BA69"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the Secretary shall notify Federal, State, and local law enforcement and first responder agencies (including, if applicable, transit, railroad, or port authority agencies) within the high threat corridor.</text> </subparagraph></paragraph></subsection></section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id23C9ED3C3C9242D69DD73210443DD651"><enum>244.</enum><header>Safety training</header> <subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idFFBDC22AC83241A1A93D9A2623FA7597"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Homeland security grant program</header> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idE6F76633743F47D298B945F890AA6CD3"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Secretary may award grants to local governments and owners and operators of railroads to conduct training regarding safety procedures for handling and responding to emergencies involving extremely hazardous materials.</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id4A8A8BF8FBCF4A1ABD07A4B817398ED4"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Use of funds</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Grants under this subsection may be used to provide training and purchase safety equipment for individuals who—</text> <subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idE3570FA338364401B9FB36430E59C8AB"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">transport, load, unload, or are otherwise involved in the shipment of extremely hazardous materials;</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id633D9749A58848FD9620A0A84BCA0749"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">would respond to an accident or incident involving a shipment of extremely hazardous materials; and</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idE6EB2866D0C14CDEB61BE7722A3681DB"><enum>(C)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">would repair transportation equipment and facilities in the event of such an accident or incident.</text> </subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idD9C95D50E63542A98EA49C80C8D37031"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Application</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">A local government or owner or operator of a railroad desiring a grant under this subsection shall submit an application at such time, in such manner, and accompanied by such information as the Secretary may reasonably establish.</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idF1A7FF99BD1B46F5BEA36DA39C115158"><enum>(4)</enum><header>Authorization of appropriations</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">There are authorized to be appropriated $100,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2007 through 2011 to carry out this subsection.</text> </paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idD003AF260CA94C26AFE686F7545BDD3C"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Railway hazmat training program</header> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id48D6CE9BD89442D5BAEADEEA06ECDFC4"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Program</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Section 5116(j) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:</text> <quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idADFFE60E17274697AA7C20FC05A2C320" style="OLC"> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idB8A1DA94472E48E88649EB3320832506"><enum>(6)</enum><header>Railway hazmat training program</header> <subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idEAD51E823D28445A9AF553B7F4BB705F"><enum>(A)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In order to further the purposes of subsection (b), the Secretary of Transportation shall, subject to the availability of funds, make grants to national nonprofit employee organizations with experience in conducting training regarding the transportation of hazardous materials on railways for the purpose of training railway workers who are likely to discover, witness, or otherwise identify a release of extremely hazardous materials and to prevent or respond appropriately to the incident.</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idF36C8C5601AA486999150203647DA774"><enum>(B)</enum><header>Delegation</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Secretary of Transportation shall delegate authority for the administration of the Railway Hazmat Training Program to the Director of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences under subsection (g). In administering the program under this paragraph, the Director of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences shall consult closely with the Secretary of Transportation and the Secretary of Homeland Security.</text> </subparagraph></paragraph><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id0E7791552E9940928F9C3DD78679D22B"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Authorization of appropriations</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Section 5128 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:</text> <quoted-block display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id312EFC8674154DB2891AACC952170AE8" style="OLC"> <subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id7154607C738845CDBB093FBE1E0F681D"><enum>(g)</enum><header>Railway hazmat training program</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">There are authorized to be appropriated $10,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2007 through 2011, to carry out section 5116(j)(6).</text> </subsection><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block> </paragraph></subsection></section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idBC4DEF3C13204D7194D120994059A660"><enum>245.</enum><header>Research and development</header> <subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id88CEC34948994B8693D8D4A2B90C39F8"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Transport</header> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id3DBFF0BA525A4F5199EB671FA65A2B18"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall conduct a study of the benefits and availability of technology and procedures that may be utilized to—</text> <subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idBA63D1B39C044DC3B587D3F1FF9DF7EB"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">reduce the likelihood of a terrorist attack on a rail shipment of extremely hazardous materials;</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id9A191AC0AA4447319B16095470538052"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">reduce the likelihood of a catastrophic release of extremely hazardous materials in the event of a terrorist attack; and</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id918A1BDA76FC4E4DB56AE0262195532A"><enum>(C)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">enhance the ability of first responders to respond to a terrorist attack on a rail shipment of extremely hazardous materials and other required activities in the event of such an attack.</text> </subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID3dae377cab9d422f9d55296426ffa738"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Matters studied</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The study conducted under this subsection shall include the evaluation of—</text> <subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idA0E9F7F23EBF472497B294A9B4606502"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">whether safer alternatives to 90-ton rail tankers exist;</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id03ADF7150B34434AAC491B54DC357E35"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the feasibility of requiring chemical shippers to electronically track the movements of all shipments of extremely hazardous materials and report this information to the Department of Homeland Security on an ongoing basis as such shipments are transported; and</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id1CFDBB50EA7F419EA7140E778BD75908"><enum>(C)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the feasibility of utilizing fingerprint based access controls for all chemical conveyances.</text> </subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="IDbd7eb89db2ca47dd872b0c32c8043434"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Reporting</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit a report to Congress describing the findings of the study conducted under this subsection, which shall include recommendations and cost estimates for securing shipments of extremely hazardous materials.</text> </paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id3282EF063CDE4F56849B602068FE5BA9"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Physical security</header> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id56810B7E07BC416A98E71AB89E47597F"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall conduct a study of the physical security measures available for rail shipments of extremely hazardous materials that will reduce the risk of leakage or release in the event of a terrorist attack or sabotage.</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id1E33EB4731F141338C82372A1B07BF12"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Matters studied</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The study conducted under this subsection shall consider the use of passive secondary containment of tanker valves, additional security force personnel, surveillance technologies, barriers, decoy rail cars, and methods to minimize delays during shipping.</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id952472C448494F518C385572CC99A881"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Reporting</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit a report to Congress describing the findings of the study conducted under this subsection, which shall contain recommendations and cost estimates for securing shipments of extremely hazardous materials.</text> </paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idDD04211F66BF4744B9C37DBBAAEE3578"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Leased track storage arrangements</header> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idDB21EE635E2C4F9F95B134A92B943566"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 90 days after enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall conduct a study of available alternatives to storing extremely hazardous materials in or on leased track facilities.</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id0331D032116544B8B84C5C48B4FCA1AB"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Matters studied</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The study conducted under this subsection shall—</text> <subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idE03AE674046745DA9850F0FF23CDA57F"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">evaluate the extent of the use of leased track facilities and the security measures that should be taken to secure leased track facilities; and</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id4103AE02853C49C9BF1E7D82C81FCEF5"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">assess means to limit the consequences of an attack on extremely hazardous materials stored on leased track facilities to nearby communities.</text> </subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id8B6E0E8D2F06456EBB21DC845939F0FE"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Report</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit a report to Congress describing the findings of the study conducted under this subsection, which shall contain recommendations and cost estimates for securing shipments of extremely hazardous materials.</text> </paragraph></subsection></section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id8EA0B058BD2B4B1197E7D62A6B3E7FFC"><enum>246.</enum><header>Whistleblower protection</header> <subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id630A1616E72A45319B34A519B74685AD"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Prohibition against discrimination</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">No owner or operator of a railroad may discharge or otherwise discriminate against any employee with respect to compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment because the employee (or any person acting under the request of the employee) provided information to the Secretary, the Attorney General, or any Federal supervisory agency regarding a possible violation of any provision of this subtitle by the owner or operator of a railroad or any director, officer, or employee of an owner or operator of a railroad.</text> </subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idF6019C4CE1BE4FF0A07E48908F624E9D"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Enforcement</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Any employee or former employee who believes that such employee has been discharged or discriminated against in violation of subsection (a) may file a civil action in the appropriate United States district court before the end of the 2-year period beginning on the date of such discharge or discrimination.</text> </subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID1fcc4c2202c849bf8bc75b2a570a0536"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Remedies</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">If the district court determines that a violation has occurred, the court may order the owner or operator of a railroad that committed the violation to—</text> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID7c6788c9676f4c3fb8f2d7566f8fcfb2"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">reinstate the employee to the employee's former position;</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID777b0ef0afc44a55a5cf1c05a9bc9556"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">pay compensatory damages; or</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="IDeea844a58b8341f8a6e1c6f92d7dce63"><enum>(3)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">take other appropriate actions to remedy any past discrimination.</text> </paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID2e5c3211998d47d3974912453a25da3a"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Limitation</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The protections of this section shall not apply to any employee who—</text> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="IDb85ca884ceaa4718a83c156cfb6a64c3"><enum>(1)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">deliberately causes or participates in the alleged violation of law or regulation; or</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="ID692994309b2f4408a51d059085eb3cf7"><enum>(2)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">knowingly or recklessly provides substantially false information to the Secretary, the Attorney General, or any Federal supervisory agency.</text> </paragraph></subsection></section><section commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idBE9D9BCF5BDC46CFB63E9AE29EED5E4D"><enum>247.</enum><header>Penalties</header> <subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idA6CE5BBE8E5D4DBB95E0EA58442AEBF2"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Right of action</header> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id9E7CAB0B8D294127A586A93B288FFFF4"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Any State or local government may bring a civil action in a United States district court for redress of injuries caused by a violation of this subtitle against any person (other than an individual) who transports, loads, unloads, or is otherwise involved in the shipping of extremely hazardous materials by rail and who violated this subtitle.</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id86F3DC9C9A874E4680CB914209EF4177"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Relief</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">In an action under paragraph (1), a State or local government may seek, for each violation of this subtitle—</text> <subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="IDb47cd974ca594de7b46595801c8cb7b4"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">an order for injunctive relief; and</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idCE9B45456BF3458296AD62D5B244FAB3"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">a civil penalty of not more than $1,000,000.</text> </subparagraph></paragraph></subsection><subsection commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idE6A19B4AB7504F20A03C4F0571620C9B"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Administrative penalties</header> <paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="idC46E890C230F438680FD458D81ECBAB4"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Secretary may issue an order imposing an administrative penalty of not more than $1,000,000 for each failure by a person (other than an individual) who transports, loads, unloads, or is otherwise involved in the shipping of extremely hazardous materials to comply with this subtitle.</text> </paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id5323453FAC814B51B979B86E355B61FB"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Notice and hearing</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Before issuing an order under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall provide the person who allegedly violated this subtitle—</text> <subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id527B55078C624516A7A2370C22A6B349"><enum>(A)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">written notice of the proposed order; and</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id4731B3B8B2FD4059AF7BE8FC7DF6BB68"><enum>(B)</enum><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">the opportunity to request, not later than 30 days after the date on which the person received the notice, a hearing on the proposed order.</text> </subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph commented="no" display-inline="no-display-inline" id="id1C64B0732D5B40AD89A9F74BD2FFA646"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Procedures</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall issue regulations establishing procedures for administrative hearings and the appropriate review of penalties issued under this subsection, including establishing deadlines.</text> </paragraph></subsection></section></subtitle><subtitle id="id21DC475943BD4A4183D13A4A5DF38674"><enum>D</enum><header>Chemical Plant Security</header> <section id="id2E9C1CE1B51F4FC19FD9158F32E9AE31"><enum>261.</enum><header>Plant security grants</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">There are authorized to be appropriated $15,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2007 through 2011, to the Secretary of Homeland Security to make grants for improving the security of chemical plants.</text> </section></subtitle><subtitle id="ID3701D16D05364721904998BD4D927FD1"><enum>E</enum><header>Seaport Protection</header> <section id="ID384F07331AEE4C408CF00B7972F3F078"><enum>281.</enum><header>Findings</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Congress makes the following findings:</text> <paragraph id="ID24AE3801BC604329B97A860396D43C09"><enum>(1)</enum><text>The United States port system is a vital artery of the economy of the United States. Almost 95 percent of all foreign trade passes through 1 or more of the 361 ports in the United States. Such seaports handle more than 2,000,000,000 tons of domestic and international freight each year of which has a value of more than $740,000,000. The shipment of cargo in vessels creates employment for 13,000,000 people within the United States.</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="IDF2EAE43CE392421AA1EC4E06D541A501"><enum>(2)</enum><text>The United States Coast Guard has estimated that, given this tremendous commerce, a terrorist attack shutting down a major port in the United States would have a $60,000,000 impact on the United States economy during the first 30 days after such an attack.</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="ID19401D50048B42AC86A40C345802E6EB"><enum>(3)</enum><text>Although 6,000,000 cargo containers, each a possible hiding place for a bomb or other weapon, are off-loaded at ports in the United States each year, less than <fraction>1/10</fraction> of these containers are physically inspected. A container ship can carry as many as 3,000 containers, each one weighing up to 45,000 pounds, hundreds of which may be off-loaded at a port.</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="ID2915D0B820084214A2D04C79E1DE1F8B"><enum>(4)</enum><text>The United States Coast Guard has estimated that the maritime security requirements set for ports by the Maritime Transportation Security Act of 2002 (Public Law 107–295; 116 Stat. 2064), which are critical to protecting United States ports from a nuclear terrorist attack, will cost $5,400,000,000 to implement over a 10-year period.</text> </paragraph></section><section id="ID386CE1DB38F14064B8C2FD2706FFBC1D"><enum>282.</enum><header>Port security grant funding</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Section 70107(h) of title 46, United States Code, is amended to read as follows:</text> <quoted-block id="IDED2E6208723C4F9E9084969420F6DD74" style="OLC"> <subsection id="IDC9623CAB59B544F6831A0FAC4B1CD868"><enum>(h)</enum><header>Authorization of Appropriations</header><text>There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out subsections (a) through (g) $1,000,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2007 through 2011.</text> </subsection><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block> </section></subtitle><subtitle id="id1859AAAC13A34FF8AE3F08F16C4529B4"><enum>F</enum><header>Bag Screening</header> <section id="id3641905340F74A7B86D83CD240191E59"><enum>291.</enum><header>Checked bag screening</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">There are authorized to be appropriated $200,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2007 through 2011, to the Transportation Security Administration to ensure adequate screening of all checked passenger luggage and cargo on commercial flights.</text> </section></subtitle>