1.Short
title; table of contents
(a)This Act may be cited
as the End Racial Profiling Act of
2005
or ERPA
.
(b)The table of contents of this Act is as follows:
Sec. 1. Short title; table of
contents.
Sec. 2. Findings, purposes, and intent.
Sec. 3. Definitions.
TITLE I—Prohibition of racial profiling
Sec. 101. Prohibition.
Sec. 102. Enforcement.
TITLE II—Programs to eliminate racial profiling by Federal law
enforcement agencies
Sec. 201. Policies to eliminate racial profiling.
TITLE III—Programs to eliminate racial profiling by State, local,
and Indian tribal law enforcement agencies
Sec. 301. Policies required for grants.
Sec. 302. Administrative complaint procedure or independent
auditor program required for grants.
Sec. 303. Involvement of Attorney General.
Sec. 304. Data collection demonstration project.
Sec. 305. Best practices development grants.
Sec. 306. Authorization of appropriations.
TITLE IV—Data collection
Sec. 401. Attorney General to issue regulations.
Sec. 402. Publication of data.
Sec. 403. Limitations on publication of data.
TITLE V—Department of Justice regulations and reports on racial
profiling in the United States
Sec. 501. Attorney General to issue regulations and
reports.
TITLE VI—Miscellaneous provisions
Sec. 601. Severability.
Sec. 602. Savings clause.
2.Findings,
purposes, and intent
(a)Congress
finds the following:
(1)Federal, State,
and local law enforcement agents play a vital role in protecting the public
from crime and protecting the Nation from terrorism. The vast majority of law
enforcement agents nationwide discharge their duties professionally and without
bias.
(2)The use by police
officers of race, ethnicity, national origin, or religion in deciding which
persons should be subject to traffic stops, stops and frisks, questioning,
searches, and seizures is improper.
(3)In his address to
a joint session of Congress on February 27, 2001, President George W. Bush
declared that racial profiling is wrong and we will end it in
America.
. He directed the Attorney General to implement this
policy.
(4)In June 2003, the
Department of Justice issued a Policy Guidance regarding racial profiling by
Federal law enforcement agencies which stated: Racial profiling in law
enforcement is not merely wrong, but also ineffective. Race-based assumptions
in law enforcement perpetuate negative racial stereotypes that are harmful to
our rich and diverse democracy, and materially impair our efforts to maintain a
fair and just society.
.
(5)The Department of
Justice Guidance is a useful first step, but does not achieve the President's
stated goal of ending racial profiling in America, as—
(A)it does not apply
to State and local law enforcement agencies;
(B)it does not
contain a meaningful enforcement mechanism;
(C)it does not
require data collection; and
(D)it contains an
overbroad exception for immigration and national security matters.
(6)Current efforts
by State and local governments to eradicate racial profiling and redress the
harms it causes, while also laudable, have been limited in scope and
insufficient to address this national problem. Therefore, Federal legislation
is needed.
(7)Statistical
evidence from across the country demonstrates that racial profiling is a real
and measurable phenomenon.
(8)As of November
15, 2000, the Department of Justice had 14 publicly noticed, ongoing, pattern
or practice investigations involving allegations of racial profiling and had
filed 5 pattern or practice lawsuits involving allegations of racial profiling,
with 4 of those cases resolved through consent decrees.
(9)A large majority
of individuals subjected to stops and other enforcement activities based on
race, ethnicity, national origin, or religion are found to be law abiding and
therefore racial profiling is not an effective means to uncover criminal
activity.
(10)A 2001
Department of Justice report on citizen-police contacts that occurred in 1999,
found that, although Blacks and Hispanics were more likely to be stopped and
searched, they were less likely to be in possession of contraband. On average,
searches and seizures of Black drivers yielded evidence only 8 percent of the
time, searches and seizures of Hispanic drivers yielded evidence only 10
percent of the time, and searches and seizures of White drivers yielded
evidence 17 percent of the time.
(11)A 2000 General
Accounting Office report on the activities of the United States Customs Service
during fiscal year 1998 found that—
(A)Black women who
were United States citizens were 9 times more likely than White women who were
United States citizens to be x-rayed after being frisked or patted down;
(B)Black women who
were United States citizens were less than half as likely as White women who
were United States citizens to be found carrying contraband; and
(C)in general, the
patterns used to select passengers for more intrusive searches resulted in
women and minorities being selected at rates that were not consistent with the
rates of finding contraband.
(12)A 2005 report of
the Bureau of Justice Statistics of the Department of Justice on citizen-police
contacts that occurred in 2002, found that, although Whites, Blacks, and
Hispanics were stopped by the police at the same rate—
(A)Blacks and
Hispanics were much more likely to be arrested than Whites;
(B)Hispanics were
much more likely to be ticketed than Blacks or Whites;
(C)Blacks and
Hispanics were much more likely to report the use or threatened use of force by
a police officer;
(D)Blacks and
Hispanics were much more likely to be handcuffed than Whites; and
(E)Blacks and
Hispanics were much more likely to have their vehicles searched than
Whites.
(13)In some
jurisdictions, local law enforcement practices, such as ticket and arrest
quotas and similar management practices, may have the unintended effect of
encouraging law enforcement agents to engage in racial profiling.
(14)Racial profiling
harms individuals subjected to it because they experience fear, anxiety,
humiliation, anger, resentment, and cynicism when they are unjustifiably
treated as criminal suspects. By discouraging individuals from traveling
freely, racial profiling impairs both interstate and intrastate
commerce.
(15)Racial profiling
damages law enforcement and the criminal justice system as a whole by
undermining public confidence and trust in the police, the courts, and the
criminal law.
(16)In the wake of
the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, many Arabs, Muslims, Central and
South Asians, and Sikhs, as well as other immigrants and Americans of foreign
descent, were treated with generalized suspicion and subjected to searches and
seizures based upon religion and national origin, without trustworthy
information linking specific individuals to criminal conduct. Such profiling
has failed to produce tangible benefits, yet has created a fear and mistrust of
law enforcement agencies in these communities.
(17)Racial profiling
violates the equal protection clause of the fourteenth amendment to the
Constitution of the United States. Using race, ethnicity, religion, or national
origin as a proxy for criminal suspicion violates the constitutional
requirement that police and other government officials accord to all citizens
the equal protection of the law. Batson v. Kentucky, 476 U.S. 79 (1986);
Palmore v. Sidoti, 466 U.S. 429 (1984).
(18)Racial profiling
is not adequately addressed through suppression motions in criminal cases for 2
reasons. First, the Supreme Court held, in Whren v. United States, 517 U.S. 806
(1996), that the racially discriminatory motive of a police officer in making
an otherwise valid traffic stop does not warrant the suppression of evidence
under the fourth amendment to the Constitution of the United States. Second,
since most stops do not result in the discovery of contraband, there is no
criminal prosecution and no evidence to suppress.
(19)A comprehensive
national solution is needed to address racial profiling at the Federal, State,
and local levels. Federal support is needed to combat racial profiling through
specialized training of law enforcement agents, improved management systems,
and the acquisition of technology such as in-car video cameras.
(b)The
purposes of this Act are—
(1)to enforce the
constitutional right to equal protection of the laws, pursuant to the fifth
amendment and section 5 of the fourteenth amendment to the Constitution of the
United States;
(2)to enforce the
constitutional right to protection against unreasonable searches and seizures,
pursuant to the fourteenth amendment to the Constitution of the United
States;
(3)to enforce the
constitutional right to interstate travel, pursuant to section 2 of article IV
of the Constitution of the United States; and
(4)to regulate
interstate commerce, pursuant to clause 3 of section 8 of article I of the
Constitution of the United States.
(c)This
Act is not intended to and should not impede the ability of Federal, State, and
local law enforcement to protect the country and its people from any threat, be
it foreign or domestic.
3.In this Act:
(1)The term covered program means any program
or activity funded in whole or in part with funds made available under—
(A)the Edward Byrne
Memorial State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance Program (part E of title I
of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3750 et
seq.));
(B)the Edward Byrne
Memorial Justice Assistance Grant Program, as described in appropriations Acts;
and
(C)the Cops
on the Beat
program under part Q of title I of the Omnibus Crime
Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3796dd et seq.), but not
including any program, project, or other activity specified in section
1701(d)(8) of that Act (42 U.S.C. 3796dd(d)(8)).
(2)The term governmental body means any
department, agency, special purpose district, or other instrumentality of
Federal, State, local, or Indian tribal government.
(3)The term Indian tribe has the same meaning as
in section 103 of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974
(42 U.S.C. 5603)).
(4)The term law enforcement agency means any
Federal, State, local, or Indian tribal public agency engaged in the
prevention, detection, or investigation of violations of criminal, immigration,
or customs laws.
(5)The term law enforcement agent means any
Federal, State, local, or Indian tribal official responsible for enforcing
criminal, immigration, or customs laws, including police officers and other
agents of a law enforcement agency.
(6)The term racial profiling means the
practice of a law enforcement agent or agency relying, to any degree, on race,
ethnicity, national origin, or religion in selecting which individual to
subject to routine or spontaneous investigatory activities or in deciding upon
the scope and substance of law enforcement activity following the initial
investigatory procedure, except when there is trustworthy information, relevant
to the locality and timeframe, that links a person of a particular race,
ethnicity, national origin, or religion to an identified criminal incident or
scheme.
(7)Routine or
spontaneous investigatory activitiesThe term routine or
spontaneous investigatory activities means the following activities by a
law enforcement agent:
(A)Interviews.
(B)Traffic
stops.
(C)Pedestrian
stops.
(D)Frisks and other
types of body searches.
(E)Consensual or
nonconsensual searches of the persons or possessions (including vehicles) of
motorists or pedestrians.
(F)Inspections and
interviews of entrants into the United States that are more extensive than
those customarily carried out.
(G)Immigration
related workplace investigations.
(H)Such other types
of law enforcement encounters compiled by the Federal Bureau of Investigation
and the Justice Departments Bureau of Justice Statistics.
(8)The term reasonable request means all
requests for information, except for those that—
(A)are immaterial to
the investigation;
(B)would result in
the unnecessary exposure of personal information; or
(C)would place a
severe burden on the resources of the law enforcement agency given its
size.
(9)The term unit of local government
means—
(A)any city, county,
township, town, borough, parish, village, or other general purpose political
subdivision of a State;
(B)any law
enforcement district or judicial enforcement district that—
(i)is
established under applicable State law; and
(ii)has the
authority to, in a manner independent of other State entities, establish a
budget and impose taxes;
(C)any Indian tribe
that performs law enforcement functions, as determined by the Secretary of the
Interior; or
(D)for the purposes
of assistance eligibility, any agency of the government of the District of
Columbia or the Federal Government that performs law enforcement functions in
and for—
(i)the
District of Columbia; or
(ii)any Trust
Territory of the United States.
<enum>I</enum><header>Prohibition of
racial profiling</header>
<section id="ID07104c79e01c414f831e1ccd1f3f937e"><enum>101.</enum><header>Prohibition</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">No law enforcement agent or law enforcement
agency shall engage in racial profiling.</text>
</section><section id="ID76388df395aa4e5cb116b20d119724cc"><enum>102.</enum><header>Enforcement</header>
<subsection id="IDb5a8a3a99006463298a231ff06050860"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Remedy</header><text>The
United States, or an individual injured by racial profiling, may enforce this
title in a civil action for declaratory or injunctive relief, filed either in a
State court of general jurisdiction or in a district court of the United
States.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="ID5c81577fd9674f789a522e15a1c2277f"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Parties</header><text>In
any action brought under this title, relief may be obtained against—</text>
<paragraph id="ID28923a26b5044658a0bf719ecc2c411e"><enum>(1)</enum><text>any governmental
body that employed any law enforcement agent who engaged in racial
profiling;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="IDd6f2011fdcad475b8b096d4af4a4a6b3"><enum>(2)</enum><text>any agent of such
body who engaged in racial profiling; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="IDee429dc630f04a3ba0be6d3cf326a7f0"><enum>(3)</enum><text>any person with
supervisory authority over such agent.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="ID94654f9dc2ba4becbb49c565c1ce1a76"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Nature of
proof</header><text>Proof that the routine or spontaneous investigatory
activities of law enforcement agents in a jurisdiction have had a disparate
impact on racial, ethnic, or religious minorities shall constitute prima facie
evidence of a violation of this title.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="ID85ff4c02cb6946bdb5bd13b7af46bec7"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Attorney's
fees</header><text>In any action or proceeding to enforce this title against
any governmental unit, the court may allow a prevailing plaintiff, other than
the United States, reasonable attorney's fees as part of the costs, and may
include expert fees as part of the attorney's fee.</text>
</subsection></section><enum>II</enum><header>Programs to
eliminate racial profiling by Federal law enforcement agencies</header>
<section id="ID54d86ecbd9b34b309bb1eab14fa470f2"><enum>201.</enum><header>Policies to
eliminate racial profiling</header>
<subsection id="ID6b6bf7b166a247b0bc4bf646a05b077c"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>Federal law enforcement agencies shall—</text>
<paragraph id="IDdb3f66761b7c46ba9eceb75a21289a01"><enum>(1)</enum><text>maintain adequate
policies and procedures designed to eliminate racial profiling; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="IDc3abb2443c8940838d43e8eb002b1ab7"><enum>(2)</enum><text>cease existing
practices that permit racial profiling.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="ID42cead3e527a45cb99ea6d8dafd37615"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Policies</header><text>The
policies and procedures described in subsection (a)(1) shall include—</text>
<paragraph id="IDf10bf07ebd8d4983ba94cc1e291611fa"><enum>(1)</enum><text>a prohibition on
racial profiling;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="IDf58f87db23d94fd1a1afd76db3736bb7"><enum>(2)</enum><text>training on
racial profiling issues as part of Federal law enforcement training;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID277f89e0c0e640be954b455b38635825"><enum>(3)</enum><text>the collection of
data in accordance with the regulations issued by the Attorney General under
section 401;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="IDdddf9a6b487046cba80f4fc09da55cbe"><enum>(4)</enum><text>procedures for
receiving, investigating, and responding meaningfully to complaints alleging
racial profiling by law enforcement agents;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID728a95068722486aac244c318b61024f"><enum>(5)</enum><text>policies
requiring that appropriate action be taken when law enforcement agents are
determined to have engaged in racial profiling; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID3caaf185611e4526b3730a330f2dd950"><enum>(6)</enum><text>such other
policies or procedures that the Attorney General deems necessary to eliminate
racial profiling.</text>
</paragraph></subsection></section><enum>III</enum><header>Programs to
eliminate racial profiling by state, local, and indian tribal law enforcement
agencies</header>
<section id="ID2b7cb91790774897a604e6b6d0b4a313"><enum>301.</enum><header>Policies
required for grants</header>
<subsection id="IDa6f6d527e1374494bc2bf8d96f991d55"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>An application by a State, a unit of local government, or
a State, local, or Indian tribal law enforcement agency for funding under a
covered program shall include a certification that such State, unit of local
government, or law enforcement agency, and any law enforcement agency to which
it will distribute funds—</text>
<paragraph id="ID215e167767194b5491dcefe6f9ef76f5"><enum>(1)</enum><text>maintains
adequate policies and procedures designed to eliminate racial profiling;
and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID0a12f5ef5d5a4313aee256ff0abd99f7"><enum>(2)</enum><text>does not engage
in any existing practices that permit racial profiling.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="IDe5a6e23dc168490b93f013af669cc4ad"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Policies</header><text>The
policies and procedures described in subsection (a)(1) shall include—</text>
<paragraph id="ID2c73c8e1e2034366800da22c1ff9ea07"><enum>(1)</enum><text>a prohibition on
racial profiling;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID521b4fb70911473fb660a9393f4fd6be"><enum>(2)</enum><text>training on
racial profiling issues as part of law enforcement training;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID7466e73b8cbb4bdb922a685104327734"><enum>(3)</enum><text>the collection of
data in accordance with the regulations issued by the Attorney General under
section 401;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="IDd1a1f65f74f6477c8c751c8cd46d6db4"><enum>(4)</enum><text>procedures for
receiving, investigating, and responding meaningfully to complaints alleging
racial profiling by law enforcement agents, including procedures that allow a
complaint to be made through any of the methods described in section
302(b)(2);</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="IDd45e38cc3335442c8a20c3319363f37f"><enum>(5)</enum><text>mechanisms for
providing information to the public relating to the administrative complaint
procedure or independent auditor program established under section 302;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="IDb7b743b62170442e9b0febd48ccb2cf6"><enum>(6)</enum><text>policies
requiring that appropriate action be taken when law enforcement agents are
determined to have engaged in racial profiling; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="id37D2A58B067040DAB2D29BF8C9377D2B"><enum>(7)</enum><text>such other
policies or procedures that the Attorney General deems necessary to eliminate
racial profiling.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="ID9719188cfe254c98ab6774127ccb04f1"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Effective
date</header><text>This section shall take effect 12 months after the date of
enactment of this Act.</text>
</subsection></section><section id="IDd2834a5e8d4d405fb1a0142cb8f9d3d4"><enum>302.</enum><header>Administrative
complaint procedure or independent auditor program required for grants</header>
<subsection id="ID68a0f6d809b44f9a8415573210467e74"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Establishment
of administrative complaint procedure or independent auditor
program</header><text>An application by a State or unit of local government for
funding under a covered program shall include a certification that the
applicant has established and is maintaining, for each law enforcement agency
of the applicant, either—</text>
<paragraph id="IDde13ee4379934851a5b5bf929e870623"><enum>(1)</enum><text>an administrative
complaint procedure that meets the requirements of subsection (b); or</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID03aef0f0891b4727895270b154fe385b"><enum>(2)</enum><text>an independent
auditor program that meets the requirements of subsection (c).</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="IDd56b0e4e56cd4c73bdf88e9fb0fcb05c"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Requirements
for administrative complaint procedure</header><text>To meet the requirements
of this subsection, an administrative complaint procedure shall—</text>
<paragraph id="ID99dfdc65f59244d3a22341892ea77084"><enum>(1)</enum><text>allow any person
who believes there has been a violation of section 101 to file a
complaint;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="IDc31de06f12594148a385ff612a90a97b"><enum>(2)</enum><text>allow a complaint
to be made—</text>
<subparagraph id="idF062943F81834D6BAD8DBC4CB4E54A9A"><enum>(A)</enum><text>in writing or
orally;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="id884DA1878B094600AF0C27EA1EEA1EBD"><enum>(B)</enum><text>in person or by
mail, telephone, facsimile, or electronic mail; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="id7D62602AD309411DB0A1D70AE52466AB"><enum>(C)</enum><text>anonymously or
through a third party;</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="ID67e95ec4d6074f21833b116baa8231b2"><enum>(3)</enum><text>require that the
complaint be investigated and heard by an independent review board that—</text>
<subparagraph id="ID969f6df7ece7412cab7f142ac272ac1a"><enum>(A)</enum><text>is located
outside of any law enforcement agency or the law office of the State or unit of
local government;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="ID5ac3d3d3c8b141a4afc39194bae5df72"><enum>(B)</enum><text>includes, as at
least a majority of its members, individuals who are not employees of the State
or unit of local government;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="id848110BFFE06459E8485FB964F9E95F8"><enum>(C)</enum><text>does not include
as a member any individual who is then serving as a law enforcement
agent;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="IDb4b5ce86f16345d69059c3262c4fbff1"><enum>(D)</enum><text>possesses the
power to request all relevant information from a law enforcement agency;
and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="idF453C523643F4D099461D7666178890D"><enum>(E)</enum><text>possesses staff
and resources sufficient to perform the duties assigned to the independent
review board under this subsection;</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="id5264B955413F433BA41ACA3B840E0D9A"><enum>(4)</enum><text>provide that the
law enforcement agency shall comply with all reasonable requests for
information in a timely manner;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="id50921AAFEE9B4874AC4012CE9B7736A9"><enum>(5)</enum><text>require the
review board to inform the Attorney General when a law enforcement agency fails
to comply with a request for information under this subsection;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="IDce6779114d6546d89e89fa090033f8db"><enum>(6)</enum><text>provide that a
hearing be held, on the record, at the request of the complainant;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="IDf6db629432404f30a9c4fd5fd81749f8"><enum>(7)</enum><text>provide for an
appropriate remedy, and publication of the results of the inquiry by the review
board, if the review board determines that a violation of section 101 has
occurred;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="IDc34f4e6bf38c44ff9bb6de752e57c0ae"><enum>(8)</enum><text>provide that the
review board shall dismiss the complaint and publish the results of the inquiry
by the review board, if the review board determines that no violation has
occurred;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID07bdf543d1aa4d22bf3327ee9653477f"><enum>(9)</enum><text>provide that the
review board shall make a final determination with respect to a complaint in a
reasonably timely manner;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID50d813031b6142709fce0237bdef992b"><enum>(10)</enum><text>provide that a
record of all complaints and proceedings be sent to the Civil Rights Division
and the Bureau of Justice Statistics of the Department of Justice;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="IDd6ba5f9ade944b2dba8ca1f4bec9e7bc"><enum>(11)</enum><text>provide that no
published information shall reveal the identity of the law enforcement officer,
the complainant, or any other individual who is involved in a detention;
and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID46687d3a31fb47a79df2353a64a48e58"><enum>(12)</enum><text>otherwise
operate in a manner consistent with regulations promulgated by the Attorney
General under section 303.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="IDbeb4d743ae7843d4a9b737544cf42e91"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Requirements
for independent auditor program</header><text>To meet the requirements of this
subsection, an independent auditor program shall—</text>
<paragraph id="IDdfe3e999f703420bbf4bddebc3a30828"><enum>(1)</enum><text>provide for the
appointment of an independent auditor who is not a sworn officer or employee of
a law enforcement agency;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID630db39de62c487880c5b370f2fd776d"><enum>(2)</enum><text>provide that the
independent auditor be given staff and resources sufficient to perform the
duties of the independent auditor program under this section;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID8cb38014ef02488085fb91c6292c7222"><enum>(3)</enum><text>provide that the
independent auditor be given full access to all relevant documents and data of
a law enforcement agency;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="idE4667FE47E404074A8BB5896F79F133F"><enum>(4)</enum><text>require the
independent auditor to inform the Attorney General when a law enforcement
agency fails to comply with a request for information under this
subsection;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID5162c9583cee4ea49eba635593a2906c"><enum>(5)</enum><text>require the
independent auditor to issue a public report each year that—</text>
<subparagraph id="ID9c3e92bdf539459cac64c6ef22340e15"><enum>(A)</enum><text>addresses the
efforts of each law enforcement agency of the State or unit of local government
to combat racial profiling; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="ID84b99f053b454332b7a811b520db7941"><enum>(B)</enum><text>recommends any
necessary changes to the policies and procedures of any law enforcement
agency;</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="ID08fe1ca6c1884faeaced3582fa362657"><enum>(6)</enum><text>require that each
law enforcement agency issue a public response to each report issued by the
auditor under paragraph (5);</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="IDbdb2af188bf34390aa2e7ca172c2e326"><enum>(7)</enum><text>provide that the
independent auditor, upon determining that a law enforcement agency is not in
compliance with this Act, shall forward the public report directly to the
Attorney General;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="IDca263184c9be453181d22122ac651be5"><enum>(8)</enum><text>provide that the
independent auditor shall engage in community outreach on racial profiling
issues; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="IDaa4a97c3dc4b4631806a3b1e91c5c19d"><enum>(9)</enum><text>otherwise operate
in a manner consistent with regulations promulgated by the Attorney General
under section 303.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="IDb63cea4829664607bd2522fe6fc80e18"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Local use of
state complaint procedure or independent auditor program</header>
<paragraph id="id9ADC97E546F44C2C9EA51E0BBD6A922D"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>A State shall permit a unit of local government within
its borders to use the administrative complaint procedure or independent
auditor program it establishes under this section.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="id5F4B785DF4E8455C9EB76E6DCB4F2737"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Effect of
use</header><text>A unit of local government shall be deemed to have
established and maintained an administrative complaint procedure or independent
auditor program for purposes of this section if the unit of local government
uses the administrative complaint procedure or independent auditor program of
either the State in which it is located, or another unit of local government in
the State in which it is located.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="ID1d716d54df5641c8ae27ca4b71065ef6"><enum>(e)</enum><header>Effective
date</header><text>This section shall go into effect 12 months after the date
of enactment of this Act.</text>
</subsection></section><section id="ID1904f9ae544544f6b7a3b474b39267b8"><enum>303.</enum><header>Involvement of
Attorney General</header>
<subsection id="idD0AD9FCCA50D4856BA59BA354F4F56D0"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Regulations</header>
<paragraph id="id8DD3DF572FC944C897A0CFEA47E9A7A4"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>Not later than 6 months after the date of enactment of
this Act and in consultation with stakeholders, including Federal, State, and
local law enforcement agencies and community, professional, research, and civil
rights organizations, the Attorney General shall issue regulations for the
operation of the administrative complaint procedures and independent auditor
programs required under subsections (b) and (c) of section 302.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="id38200F46C272491CB1CC0D6D37A0CC06"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Guidelines</header><text>The
regulations issued under paragraph (1) shall contain guidelines that ensure the
fairness, effectiveness, and independence of the administrative complaint
procedures and independent auditor programs.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="id11B068816746472D8B3CC60AAEFA4D13"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Noncompliance</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">If the Attorney General determines that the
recipient of any covered grant is not in compliance with the requirements of
section 301 or 302 or the regulations issued under subsection (a), the Attorney
General shall withhold, in whole or in part, funds for 1 or more covered
grants, until the grantee establishes compliance.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="id93A6B18F84C0460A97D9213B2782FE4B"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Private
parties</header><text display-inline="yes-display-inline">The Attorney General
shall provide notice and an opportunity for private parties to present evidence
to the Attorney General that a grantee is not in compliance with the
requirements of this title.</text>
</subsection></section><section id="IDf6fe4f46b3f44c2d8a687c56e3946c02"><enum>304.</enum><header>Data
collection demonstration project</header>
<subsection id="ID719a7bbbf88447e382e1e961ff4c3275"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>The Attorney General shall, through competitive grants or
contracts, carry out a 2-year demonstration project for the purpose of
developing and implementing data collection on hit rates for stops and
searches. The data shall be disaggregated by race, ethnicity, national origin,
and religion.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="IDb11f3d628cb74536b9a53dd6da610036"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Competitive
awards</header><text>The Attorney General shall provide not more than 5 grants
or contracts to police departments that—</text>
<paragraph id="id4854966FB4EB4584B7D7985046E27E54"><enum>(1)</enum><text>are not already
collecting data voluntarily or otherwise; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="idECBF21EC7ECE489EB792C03580050A9B"><enum>(2)</enum><text>serve communities
where there is a significant concentration of racial or ethnic
minorities.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="IDdd8ec0c677314fe68bfaf1f7de7fef2f"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Required
Activities</header><text>Activities carried out under subsection (b) shall
include—</text>
<paragraph id="ID99a9d67fc95b43c193b75f429eebdf87"><enum>(1)</enum><text>developing a data
collection tool;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID73ffedeb63cf4c4a83260559f6c8b0b4"><enum>(2)</enum><text>training of law
enforcement personnel on data collection;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="IDa61bd4d190d3497a946c650cead43ede"><enum>(3)</enum><text>collecting data
on hit rates for stops and searches; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID0792973825b443e6b2658ffa5a24ac76"><enum>(4)</enum><text>reporting the
compiled data to the Attorney General.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="ID0fd5311c7d95439a88852650ca32e5cb"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Evaluation</header><text>Not
later than 3 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Attorney
General shall enter into a contract with an institution of higher education to
analyze the data collected by each of the 5 sites funded under this
section.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="ID38884c4d19b44ff89b3343479b45c021"><enum>(e)</enum><header>Authorization
of Appropriations</header><text>There are authorized to be appropriated to
carry out activities under this section—</text>
<paragraph id="id2D19B36A73C7401D8FAEB28324621CAB"><enum>(1)</enum><text>$5,000,000, over
a 2-year period for a demonstration project on 5 sites; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="idCAFCEEB601924649BD62A453B04F8988"><enum>(2)</enum><text>$500,000 to carry
out the evaluation in subsection (d).</text>
</paragraph></subsection></section><section id="ID3544a92fd4dd4d0abd258fc2420f07c3"><enum>305.</enum><header>Best practices
development grants</header>
<subsection id="ID4bc713f4e6c041cf9898037aa7c0b72a"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Grant
authorization</header><text>The Attorney General, through the Bureau of Justice
Assistance, may make grants to States, law enforcement agencies, and units of
local government to develop and implement best practice devices and systems to
eliminate racial profiling.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="ID0e3b492d6b9040979b7730234193fbe2"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Use of
funds</header><text>The funds provided under subsection (a) may be used
for—</text>
<paragraph id="IDa14709d9af5b499b887eaf188caf9e2f"><enum>(1)</enum><text>the development
and implementation of training to prevent racial profiling and to encourage
more respectful interaction with the public;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="IDaabfb9beb56c40a88ef8e3d06e9a0fb6"><enum>(2)</enum><text>the acquisition
and use of technology to facilitate the collection of data regarding routine
investigatory activities sufficient to permit an analysis of these activities
by race, ethnicity, national origin, and religion;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID5df4600cf2e04ee38a9e2350202ba7a8"><enum>(3)</enum><text>the analysis of
data collected by law enforcement agencies to determine whether the data
indicate the existence of racial profiling;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID6c0fd3caaff84009a9612c464635b554"><enum>(4)</enum><text>the acquisition
and use of technology to verify the accuracy of data collection, including
in-car video cameras and portable computer systems;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID9b5050bfd1ee4d9b913aabb52795280a"><enum>(5)</enum><text>the development
and acquisition of early warning systems and other feedback systems that help
identify officers or units of officers engaged in, or at risk of engaging in,
racial profiling or other misconduct, including the technology to support such
systems;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID117c3da5031240ec8e21f76933d4bb79"><enum>(6)</enum><text>the establishment
or improvement of systems and procedures for receiving, investigating, and
responding meaningfully to complaints alleging racial, ethnic, or religious
bias by law enforcement agents;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID15dda270ad3d4eb9b1d1d880d90da871"><enum>(7)</enum><text>the establishment
or improvement of management systems to ensure that supervisors are held
accountable for the conduct of their subordinates; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="id5FE45D97D4874206B11767D99CFB1C28"><enum>(8)</enum><text>the establishment
and maintenance of an administrative complaint procedure or independent auditor
program under section 302.</text>
</paragraph></subsection><subsection id="ID1007122842cd40309c5409f4be7032ff"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Equitable
distribution</header><text>The Attorney General shall ensure that grants under
this section are awarded in a manner that reserves an equitable share of
funding for small and rural law enforcement agencies.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="IDad242b7cb6e546cba8a4db94a8b38766"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Application</header><text>Each
State, local law enforcement agency, or unit of local government desiring a
grant under this section shall submit an application to the Attorney General at
such time, in such manner, and accompanied by such information as the Attorney
General may reasonably require.</text>
</subsection></section><section id="IDfc2a4ce59d1f4f70b1ded603f1e27454"><enum>306.</enum><header>Authorization
of appropriations</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">There are
authorized to be appropriated such sums as are necessary to carry out this
title.</text>
</section><enum>IV</enum><header>Data
collection</header>
<section id="ID5e996b99a60845f7888b22774a1c2c72"><enum>401.</enum><header>Attorney
General to issue regulations</header>
<subsection id="IDf2c11a0f91994aa68100669723b2f86e"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Regulations</header><text>Not
later than 6 months after the enactment of this Act, the Attorney General, in
consultation with stakeholders, including Federal, State, and local law
enforcement agencies and community, professional, research, and civil rights
organizations, shall issue regulations for the collection and compilation of
data under sections 201 and 301.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="IDcbefeea9869942dfbddc698a4f963132"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Requirements</header><text>The
regulations issued under subsection (a) shall—</text>
<paragraph id="ID32b6a0f274a64a088fa9186a98276554"><enum>(1)</enum><text>provide for the
collection of data on all routine or spontaneous investigatory
activities;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="id09AED82B43B74C4889035DC1E1D8E9D1"><enum>(2)</enum><text>provide that the
data collected shall—</text>
<subparagraph id="ID691de23d63f74ecb812a2a3a147e484c"><enum>(A)</enum><text>be collected by
race, ethnicity, national origin, gender, and religion, as perceived by the law
enforcement officer;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="ID8de2f43bb5c74feaa22aeb34bb7848d4"><enum>(B)</enum><text>include the date,
time, and location of the investigatory activities; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="ID26c0d050bbb043e58c3fc4d904f3bbf4"><enum>(C)</enum><text>include detail
sufficient to permit an analysis of whether a law enforcement agency is
engaging in racial profiling;</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="ID5b510369cb67442e9b6f118225c06f5b"><enum>(3)</enum><text>provide that a
standardized form shall be made available to law enforcement agencies for the
submission of collected data to the Department of Justice;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID6736757abda540f3a2bfdef1af9df53c"><enum>(4)</enum><text>provide that law
enforcement agencies shall compile data on the standardized form created under
paragraph (3), and submit the form to the Civil Rights Division and the Bureau
of Justice Statistics of the Department of Justice;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="IDace730f43e9d4910a8ade5523b363c1f"><enum>(5)</enum><text>provide that law
enforcement agencies shall maintain all data collected under this Act for not
less than 4 years;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="IDe4be3e3bef054f85a0d6ce6854a37e0a"><enum>(6)</enum><text>include
guidelines for setting comparative benchmarks, consistent with best practices,
against which collected data shall be measured; and</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID5a4c68aff596450299594df8c904f211"><enum>(7)</enum><text>provide that the
Bureau of Justice Statistics shall—</text>
<subparagraph id="id6C4907EC9C594C5181876C6D45E5CB9C"><enum>(A)</enum><text>analyze the data
for any statistically significant disparities, including—</text>
<clause id="IDc7520c6833e54ba98b32be3cc570e524"><enum>(i)</enum><text>disparities in
the percentage of drivers or pedestrians stopped relative to the proportion of
the population passing through the neighborhood;</text>
</clause><clause id="ID471a4c120f5e4dbfbc85fb57bbf7defd"><enum>(ii)</enum><text>disparities in
the percentage of false stops relative to the percentage of drivers or
pedestrians stopped; and</text>
</clause><clause id="IDe5478f625a0442d987f9a401c7000b0c"><enum>(iii)</enum><text>disparities in
the frequency of searches performed on minority drivers and the frequency of
searches performed on non-minority drivers; and</text>
</clause></subparagraph><subparagraph id="ID5b9e387382b24db2adef60be22f257df"><enum>(B)</enum><text>not later than 3
years after the date of enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, prepare
a report regarding the findings of the analysis conducted under subparagraph
(A) and provide the report to Congress and make the report available to the
public, including on a website of the Department of Justice.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph></subsection></section><section id="idA47E379D60E844DDAB7F6E74B042896A"><enum>402.</enum><header>Publication of
data</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">The Bureau of Justice
Statistics shall provide to Congress and make available to the public, together
with each annual report described in section 401, the data collected pursuant
to this Act.</text>
</section><section id="ID5594f30525f14f7d8c2e7aa3d0d4b74b"><enum>403.</enum><header>Limitations on
publication of data</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">The name
or identifying information of a law enforcement officer, complainant, or any
other individual involved in any activity for which data is collected and
compiled under this Act shall not be—</text>
<paragraph id="ID0ab3d667373141aeb298aa5ed25298fd"><enum>(1)</enum><text>released to the
public;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID0745dad236e54c439abb4c39f4836480"><enum>(2)</enum><text>disclosed to any
person, except for such disclosures as are necessary to comply with this
Act;</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID0f2f438243294d2fbb55c3b4aa8b6fb9"><enum>(3)</enum><text>subject to
disclosure under section 552 of title 5, United States Code (commonly know as
the Freedom of Information Act).</text>
</paragraph></section><enum>V</enum><header>Department of
Justice regulations and reports on racial profiling in the United
States</header>
<section id="ID16e686446ded400ca9badfcbbee90ce1"><enum>501.</enum><header>Attorney
General to issue regulations and reports</header>
<subsection id="IDc00149f419264867b0ed616a929c08f1"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Regulations</header><text>In
addition to the regulations required under sections 303 and 401, the Attorney
General shall issue such other regulations as the Attorney General determines
are necessary to implement this Act.</text>
</subsection><subsection id="ID3548916683844d128a80c39beb8b57e7"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Reports</header>
<paragraph id="IDa24144dd910b4c958eafb5d302418518"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In
general</header><text>Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of
this Act, and each year thereafter, the Attorney General shall submit to
Congress a report on racial profiling by law enforcement agencies.</text>
</paragraph><paragraph id="ID007c2eba9f8948e885aa6113ed159de5"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Scope</header><text>Each
report submitted under paragraph (1) shall include—</text>
<subparagraph id="idC062746995BD467AA0B8C2487128533F"><enum>(A)</enum><text>a summary of data
collected under sections 201(b)(3) and 301(b)(1)(C) and from any other reliable
source of information regarding racial profiling in the United States;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="id0205BB2DFA52496AB5FE3FDEF5AB1DFA"><enum>(B)</enum><text>a discussion of
the findings in the most recent report prepared by the Bureau of Justice
Statistics under section 401(a)(8);</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="ID933e9b21138a4c3fb7428cc60c3ec06a"><enum>(C)</enum><text>the status of the
adoption and implementation of policies and procedures by Federal law
enforcement agencies under section 201;</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="ID8ebba2c7d0454336a7f887ac10272fd0"><enum>(D)</enum><text>the status of the
adoption and implementation of policies and procedures by State and local law
enforcement agencies under sections 301 and 302; and</text>
</subparagraph><subparagraph id="IDcb3ee3ee19ce477d91d5288db715d021"><enum>(E)</enum><text>a description of
any other policies and procedures that the Attorney General believes would
facilitate the elimination of racial profiling.</text>
</subparagraph></paragraph></subsection></section><enum>VI</enum><header>Miscellaneous
provisions</header>
<section id="ID60135a0e789040dfafd1463d70601d56"><enum>601.</enum><header>Severability</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">If any provision of this Act or the
application of such provision to any person or circumstance is held to be
unconstitutional, the remainder of this Act and the application of the
provisions of this Act to any person or circumstance shall not be affected
thereby.</text>
</section><section id="ID9e05e806ee554ee0bd6e7a6db9337969"><enum>602.</enum><header>Savings
clause</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Nothing in this Act
shall be construed to limit legal or administrative remedies under section 1979
of the Revised Statutes of the United States (42 U.S.C. 1983), section 210401
of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 (42 U.S.C. 14141),
the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3701 et
seq.), and title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000d et
seq.).</text>
</section>