[Congressional Bills 109th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 6008 Introduced in House (IH)]








109th CONGRESS
  2d Session
                                H. R. 6008

 To reduce and prevent the sale and use of fraudulent degrees in order 
  to protect the integrity of valid higher education degrees that are 
                       used for Federal purposes.


_______________________________________________________________________


                    IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                             July 28, 2006

Ms. McCollum of Minnesota (for herself, Mr. Bishop of New York, and Mr. 
  Grijalva) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the 
   Committee on Education and the Workforce, and in addition to the 
 Committees on Energy and Commerce, Government Reform, Judiciary, and 
 Rules, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in 
   each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the 
                jurisdiction of the committee concerned

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
 To reduce and prevent the sale and use of fraudulent degrees in order 
  to protect the integrity of valid higher education degrees that are 
                       used for Federal purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Diploma Integrity Protection Act of 
2006''.

SEC. 2. PURPOSE; DEFINITIONS.

    (a) Purpose.--The purpose of this Act is to protect institutions of 
higher education, businesses and other employers, professional 
licensing boards, patients and clients of degree holders, taxpayers, 
and other individuals from any person claiming to possess a legitimate 
academic degree that in fact was issued by a fraudulent or nonexistent 
school, by a non-educational entity posing as a school, or by any 
entity in violation of Federal or State law.
    (b) Definitions.--In this Act:
            (1) Degree-granting institution.--The term ``degree-
        granting institution'' means any entity that offers or confers 
        an academic, professional, or occupational degree, diploma, or 
        certificate, if such degree, diploma, or certificate may be 
        used to represent to the general public that the individual 
        possessing such degree, diploma, or certificate has completed a 
        program of education or training beyond secondary education.
            (2) Diploma mill.--The term ``diploma mill'' means any 
        entity that--
                    (A) lacks valid accreditation by an agency 
                recognized by a Federal agency, a State government, or 
                the Council for Higher Education Accreditation as a 
                valid accrediting agency of institutions of higher 
                education; and
                    (B) offers degrees, diplomas, or certifications, 
                for a fee, that may be used to represent to the general 
                public that the individual possessing such a degree, 
                diploma, or certification has completed a program of 
                education or training beyond secondary education, but 
                little or no education or course work is required to 
                obtain such a degree, diploma, or certification.
            (3) Institution of higher education.--The term 
        ``institution of higher education'' has the meaning given such 
        term in section 102 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 
        U.S.C. 1002).

SEC. 3. FINDINGS.

    The Congress finds as follows:
            (1) Diploma mills (entities that sell fraudulent degrees, 
        diplomas, or certifications), have proliferated in recent 
        decades due to inconsistent law enforcement and technological 
        advances such as the Internet and electronic mail.
            (2) Diploma mills take many different forms but often share 
        common characteristics, such as--
                    (A) lack of accreditation or false claims of 
                accreditation by agencies not recognized by the 
                Department of Education or by the Council for Higher 
                Education Accreditation;
                    (B) no previous academic records are required for 
                admission;
                    (C) tuition is charged based on the number of 
                degrees purchased, rather than the number of credit 
                hours or courses taken;
                    (D) credits for degrees are offered based on life 
                experience rather than academic work;
                    (E) students can receive degrees in far less time 
                than at legitimate, accredited institutions of higher 
                education;
                    (F) faculty do not have degrees or credentials from 
                accredited institutions;
                    (G) the use of foreign or post office box addresses 
                for the entity, without a physical permanent address in 
                the United States; and
                    (H) names that are very similar to legitimate, 
                accredited institutions of higher education.
            (3) Several hundred diploma mills are operating at any 
        given time, with revenues estimated to total more than 
        $500,000,000 each year.
            (4) Rapidly growing commerce in fraudulent academic 
        credentials imperils the national security of the United 
        States.
            (5) The safety of the American public is particularly 
        endangered by the sale of fraudulent medical, engineering, 
        science, and education degrees.
            (6) The preeminence of the United States in science and 
        engineering, as well as the prestige and reputation of American 
        universities, is threatened by the trafficking of fraudulent 
        degrees, diplomas, and certifications.
            (7) Some individuals who obtain degrees from diploma mills 
        are conspirators in fraudulent behavior, but others are 
        innocent consumers who have become victims of financial scams.
            (8) Efforts to shut down diploma mills have been weak and 
        erratic due to variations in--
                    (A) the laws of Federal, State, and local 
                jurisdictions;
                    (B) available enforcement mechanisms; and
                    (C) political priorities.
            (9) In 2004, a Government Accountability Office 
        investigation revealed weaknesses in the Department of 
        Education's administration of the student loan programs for 
        higher education, including the possibility that a diploma mill 
        could participate in the Federal Family Education Loan Program 
        (FFELP) under title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965.
            (10) The 2004 Government Accountability Office 
        investigation included an examination of the credentials of a 
        sampling of Federal employees, and revealed that, of the 
        Federal employees selected for the examination, 463 Federal 
        employees held degrees from diploma mills and other 
        unaccredited universities, including 12 employees for the 
        Department of Homeland Security, 13 for the Department of 
        Justice, and 29 for the United States Postal Service. The 
        investigation also found that Federal agencies have paid more 
        than $150,000 in tuition payments to diploma mills and other 
        unaccredited universities on behalf of Federal employees.
            (11) Recent investigations of suspected diploma mills have 
        exposed a tangled web of fraudulent behavior that spans across 
        State lines and the United States border.
            (12) The regulation of education in the United States is, 
        in general, a State responsibility, and the development and 
        regulation of academic standards in higher education is the 
        responsibility of institutions of higher education.
            (13) The Federal Government should have uniform standards 
        to determine, for Federal purposes, the legitimacy of degrees, 
        diplomas, certifications, and degree-granting institutions.
            (14) This Act is necessary to prevent the use of fraudulent 
        degrees for Federal purposes, and to expand Federal authority 
        to investigate and penalize operators of diploma mills.

SEC. 4. RECOGNIZED ACCREDITING AGENCIES AND INSTITUTIONS.

    (a) Lists Maintained by the Department of Education.--Not later 
than 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary 
of Education shall make available (in a regularly updated, electronic 
format) to the Secretary of Homeland Security and the heads of other 
appropriate Federal agencies, a list of--
            (1) accrediting agencies and associations, recognized by 
        the Secretary of Education under section 496 of the Higher 
        Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1099b), or by the Council for 
        Higher Education Accreditation;
            (2) eligible institutions, as defined under section 435(a) 
        of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1085(a)); and
            (3) foreign degree-granting institutions that--
                    (A) have degree-granting authority, as granted by 
                the appropriate agency or ministry of jurisdiction in 
                the home country of such institution;
                    (B) issue degrees that are accepted for 
                professional licensure, public employment, and 
                admission into graduate programs of degree-granting 
                institutions in the home country (as determined by the 
                Secretary of State);
                    (C) are determined by the Secretary of Education to 
                be academically equivalent to an eligible institution, 
                as defined in section 435(a) of the Higher Education 
                Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1085(a)); and
                    (D) are located in a home country that is capable 
                of performing an effective academic evaluation of the 
                degree-granting institutions to which it issues degree-
                granting authority, as determined by the Secretary of 
                State, in consultation with the Secretary of Education,
for the purposes of allowing the Secretary of Homeland Security and the 
heads of such Federal agencies to determine, for immigration and 
Federal employment and hiring purposes, the legitimacy of degree-
granting institutions and degrees issued by such institutions.
    (b) Revisions to Lists.--The Secretary of Education shall modify 
and maintain the lists described in subsection (a) as necessary to 
ensure that the lists and the information contained in the lists are 
accurate and up-to-date, based on the most recent information available 
to the Secretary.
    (c) Notice of Recognition.--To be eligible to receive funds under 
title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965, each eligible institution 
described in subsection (a)(2) shall, not later than 60 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, prominently display on the 
institution's Internet website a notice indicating that the institution 
is recognized by the Secretary of Education as a legitimate degree-
granting institution for immigration and Federal employment and hiring 
purposes. If the Secretary of Education determines that an institution 
no longer qualifies as a legitimate degree-granting institutions 
described in subsection (a)(2), and removes the institution from the 
list maintained under such subsection, the institution shall, not later 
than 15 days after the removal of the institution from such list, 
delete the notice required by this subsection from the institution's 
Internet website.

SEC. 5. ACCREDITING AGENCIES.

    No accrediting agency or association may be considered to be a 
reliable authority as to the quality of education or training offered 
by a degree-granting institution for any purpose related to 
immigration, Federal employment and hiring practices, or for any other 
Federal purposes, unless the agency or association is on the list of 
accrediting agencies and associations recognized by the Secretary of 
Education or the Council for Higher Education Accreditation and 
provided to the Secretary of Homeland Security under section 4(a).

SEC. 6. STUDENT VISAS.

    No nonimmigrant visa under subsections (F), (J), or (M) of section 
101(a)(15) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 
1101(a)(15)) shall be issued to any alien unless the established 
college or university described in such section is on the list of 
eligible institutions recognized by the Secretary of Education and 
provided to the Secretary of Homeland Security under section 4.

SEC. 7. FEDERAL EMPLOYMENT.

    For purposes of applying any civil service law, rule, or regulation 
that requires or takes into consideration a degree from an institution 
of higher education for purposes of appointment or promotion of, or 
improved pay for, a Federal employee, only a degree from a degree-
granting institution that is on the list of eligible institutions 
recognized by the Secretary of Education and provided to the 
appropriate Federal agencies under section 4 shall be acceptable.

SEC. 8. TASK FORCE.

    (a) Task Force Established.--The Secretary of Education shall 
establish within the Department of Education the Diploma Mill Task 
Force (referred to in this Act as the ``Task Force'').
    (b) Membership.--
            (1) Number and appointment.--The Task Force shall, if 
        practicable, be composed of 19 members, as follows:
                    (A) The Assistant Secretary of Education for 
                Postsecondary Education.
                    (B) A representative of the Department of Education 
                with experience related to the determination of the 
                legitimacy and quality of degrees from foreign 
                institutions of higher education, selected by the 
                Secretary of Education.
                    (C) A representative of the Department of Justice, 
                selected by the Attorney General.
                    (D) A representative of the Federal Trade 
                Commission, selected by the Chairman of such agency.
                    (E) A representative of the Secret Service, 
                selected by the Director of the Secret Service.
                    (F) A representative of the Department of State, 
                selected by the Secretary of State.
                    (G) A representative of the Department of Homeland 
                Security, selected by the Secretary of Homeland 
                Security.
                    (H) A representative of the Office of Personnel 
                Management, selected by the Director of such Office.
                    (I) A representative of the Council for Higher 
                Education Accreditation.
                    (J) A representative of the American Association of 
                Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers.
                    (K) Two representatives of State degree approval 
                agencies, selected by agreement of at least 3 of the 
                Speaker of the House of Representatives, the Senate 
                Majority Leader, the House Minority Leader, and the 
                Senate Minority Leader.
                    (L) Two representatives from regionally accredited 
                institutions of higher education, selected by agreement 
                of at least 3 of the Speaker of the House of 
                Representatives, the Senate Majority Leader, the House 
                Minority Leader, and the Senate Minority Leader.
                    (M) One representative from a nationally accredited 
                institution of higher education, selected by agreement 
                of at least 3 of the Speaker of the House of 
                Representatives, the Senate Majority Leader, the House 
                Minority Leader, and the Senate Minority Leader.
                    (N) Four individuals from the general population 
                with experience in higher education, the detection of 
                fraudulent degrees and degree-granting institutions, or 
                law enforcement related to credential fraud, selected 
                as follows:
                            (i) One individual selected by the Speaker 
                        of the House of Representatives.
                            (ii) One individual selected by the 
                        Minority Leader of the House of 
                        Representatives.
                            (iii) One individual selected by the 
                        Majority Leader of the Senate.
                            (iv) One individual selected by the 
                        Minority Leader of the Senate.
            (2) Criteria for membership.--All members of the Task Force 
        shall be persons who are especially qualified to serve on the 
        Task Force by virtue of their education, training, or 
        experience, particularly in the fields of higher education, 
        accreditation of institutions of higher education, foreign 
        higher education standards, State regulation of institutions of 
        higher education, immigration, Federal employment requirements 
        and hiring practices, or fraud prevention, detection, or 
        enforcement.
            (3) Terms.--Each member shall be appointed for the life of 
        the Task Force.
            (4) Vacancies.--A vacancy in the Task Force shall be filled 
        in the manner in which the original appointment was made.
            (5) Chair.--At the first meeting of the Task Force, the 
        members of the Task Force shall elect a member of the Task 
        Force to serve as Chair.
    (c) Duties.--
            (1) Guidelines.--The Task Force shall develop guidelines, 
        to be used for the development of Federal legislation, to 
        identify degree-granting institutions as legitimate or 
        fraudulent degree-granting institutions for Federal purposes. 
        In developing such guidelines, the Task Force shall consider--
                    (A) characteristics of degree-granting institutions 
                that help determine the legitimacy of the institution, 
                such as whether an entity--
                            (i) offers or confers degrees, diplomas, or 
                        certificates--
                                    (I) for little or no meaningful 
                                academic work;
                                    (II) without requiring an 
                                appropriate level of academic 
                                achievement for the attainment of such 
                                degrees, diplomas, or certificates; or
                                    (III) without imposing academic or 
                                other requirements for admittance into 
                                the institutions or programs offering 
                                such degrees, diplomas, or 
                                certificates;
                            (ii) has fiscal and administrative 
                        structures and capacity appropriate to the 
                        specified scale of educational operations;
                            (iii) has resources to support claims as a 
                        degree-granting institution, including 
                        curricula, qualified faculty, facilities, 
                        equipment, and supplies, student support 
                        services, objectives of the degrees or 
                        credentials offered, admissions practices, 
                        academic calendars and catalogs, and a grading 
                        system; and
                            (iv) has degree-granting authority issued 
                        by the States in which degrees, or instruction 
                        leading to degrees, are offered, and is 
                        recognized by such States as an approved 
                        institution of higher education;
                    (B) the feasibility of defining the term 
                ``fraudulent degree-granting institution'' (commonly 
                referred to as ``diploma mills''), and if feasible, 
                shall define such term for use in Federal laws and 
                regulations;
                    (C) issues related to--
                            (i) the detection of new and existing 
                        fraudulent degree-granting institutions;
                            (ii) recognition and prevention of the 
                        practices used by such fraudulent degree-
                        granting institutions to avoid detection;
                            (iii) the enforcement of laws and 
                        regulations prohibiting such fraudulent degree-
                        granting institutions and practices and the use 
                        of fraudulent degrees; and
                            (iv) the prosecution of such fraudulent 
                        degree-granting institutions and practices and 
                        the use of fraudulent degrees;
                    (D) difficulties in identifying fraudulent degree-
                granting institutions located in foreign countries, or 
                that claim recognition or degree-granting authority 
                from foreign countries;
                    (E) means to alert and educate the public about 
                fraudulent degree-granting institutions and the use of 
                fraudulent degrees;
                    (F) laws, regulations, and other means used by 
                States to address fraudulent degree-granting 
                institutions and the use of fraudulent degrees;
                    (G) the potential need for coordination and 
                cooperation among various Federal agencies to 
                investigate and prosecute suspected fraudulent degree-
                granting institutions, and the detailed recommendations 
                of the Task Force regarding such coordination and 
                cooperation;
                    (H) the study and the report to the Task Force 
                required under section 11; and
                    (I) the purposes for which various agencies of the 
                United States need to identify fraudulent degree-
                granting institutions, and identify, prohibit, and 
                prevent the use of degrees issued by such fraudulent 
                institutions, and the ability of such agencies to 
                implement any guidelines considered by the Task Force.
            (2) Development of federal plan.--The Task Force shall 
        develop a strategic diploma integrity protection plan (referred 
        to in this section as the ``Plan'') to address the sale and use 
        of fraudulent degrees for Federal purposes. The Plan shall 
        include the following:
                    (A) Recommendations to Congress regarding the 
                implementation by Federal agencies of the guidelines 
                developed under paragraph (1).
                    (B) Recommendations to the Federal Trade Commission 
                regarding the application of the guidelines developed 
                under paragraph (1) to the rulemaking required under 
                section 9 and to the enforcement of the rules 
                promulgated under such section.
            (3) Submission of report to congress.--Not later one year 
        after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Task Force 
        shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a 
        report, including--
                    (A) the guidelines developed under paragraph (1);
                    (B) the Plan developed under paragraph (2); and
                    (C) legislative language in the form of a qualified 
                bill to effectuate such Plan.
            (4) Qualifying bill.--For the purposes of this section, a 
        ``qualifying bill'' means a bill--
                    (A) the title of which is the following: ``A bill 
                to establish and implement a strategic diploma 
                integrity protection plan to address the sale and use 
                of fraudulent degrees for Federal purposes.'';
                    (B) the text of which consists of the text of the 
                bill included in the report submitted under paragraph 
                (3); and
                    (C) the provisions of which shall apply to 
                applicable Federal agencies not later than the date 
                that is 180 days after the date of the enactment of 
                such bill.
    (d) Expedited Congressional Consideration of Legislative 
Proposal.--
            (1) Introduction.--The majority leader of each House or his 
        designee shall (by request) introduce a qualified bill as 
        defined in subsection (c)(4) not later than the tenth day of 
        session of that House after the date of receipt of the report 
        transmitted to the Congress under subsection (c)(3). If a 
        qualified bill is not introduced as provided in the preceding 
        sentence in either House, then, on the eleventh day of session 
        of that House after the date of receipt of such report, any 
        Member of that House may introduce the qualified bill.
            (2) Referral and reporting in the house of 
        representatives.--Any committee of the House of Representatives 
        to which a qualified bill is referred shall report it to the 
        House not later than the 30th day after the date of its 
        introduction. If a committee fails to report the bill within 
        that period or the House has adopted a concurrent resolution 
        providing for adjournment sine die at the end of a Congress, it 
        shall be in order to move that the House discharge the 
        committee from further consideration of the bill. Such a motion 
        shall be in order only at a time designated by the Speaker in 
        the legislative schedule within two legislative days after the 
        day on which the proponent announces his intention to offer the 
        motion. Such a motion shall not be in order after a committee 
        has reported a qualified bill. The previous question shall be 
        considered as ordered on the motion to its adoption without 
        intervening motion except twenty minutes of debate equally 
        divided and controlled by the proponent and an opponent. If 
        such a motion is adopted, the House shall proceed immediately 
        to consider the qualified bill.
    (e) Termination.--The Task Force shall terminate 60 calendar days 
after the date on which the Task Force submits the report under 
subsection (c)(3).

SEC. 9. SENSE OF THE CONGRESS REGARDING USE BY STATES OF THE FEDERAL 
              PLAN AS GUIDELINES.

    It is the sense of the Congress that--
            (1) each State should implement a strategic diploma 
        integrity plan similar to any such plan enacted by Congress in 
        accordance with section 8, to the extent practicable and as 
        soon as practicable after the date of the enactment of such a 
        plan under such section; and
            (2) States may adopt more stringent standards than those 
        standards contained in the Federal strategic diploma integrity 
        plan and used by agencies of the United States to identify 
        fraudulent degree-granting institutions operating within such 
        State, except that State law does not preempt Federal law as 
        applied to the employment and hiring practices of Federal 
        employees working in such State.

SEC. 10. UNFAIR AND DECEPTIVE ACTS AND PRACTICES REGARDING DIPLOMAS AND 
              PROFESSIONAL CERTIFICATIONS.

    (a) Conduct Prohibited.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Federal Trade Commission shall initiate a 
rulemaking to define as an unfair and deceptive act or practice under 
section 18 of Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 57a) the 
following:
            (1) The issuing of a degree, diploma, certificate, or any 
        similar document by an entity that is not recognized as a 
        legitimate degree-granting institution by the Secretary of 
        Education, if such degree, diploma, certificate, or similar 
        document misrepresents, directly or indirectly, the subject 
        matter, substance, or content of the course of study or any 
        other material fact concerning the course of study for which 
        such degree, diploma, certificate, or similar document was 
        awarded.
            (2) The offering or conferring of an academic, 
        professional, or occupational degree if the entity offering or 
        conferring the degree--
                    (A) is not an institution of higher education;
                    (B) has not been accredited by an accrediting 
                agency or association that is recognized for any 
                purpose by any appropriate Federal agency, or by the 
                Council for Higher Education Accreditation; or
                    (C) is not recognized by the Secretary of Education 
                as an eligible institution under section 4(a)(2),
        unless the entity offering or conferring such a degree clearly 
        and conspicuously discloses, in all advertising and promotional 
        materials that contain a reference to such a degree, that the 
        awarding of the degree has not been so authorized or that the 
        entity offering or conferring the degree has not been so 
        approved or recognized.
            (3) The claiming or asserting in any advertisements or 
        promotional material of an entity offering or conferring an 
        academic, professional, or occupational degree, that such 
        entity has--
                    (A) an accredited status unless it holds 
                accreditation from an accrediting agency that is 
                recognized by the Secretary of Education or the Council 
                for Higher Education Accreditation, or is recognized 
                for any purpose by any appropriate Federal agency or, 
                for foreign sources of accreditation, unless it holds 
                accreditation from an accrediting agency that is 
                recognized by the appropriate agency or ministry of 
                jurisdiction in the country of the accrediting agency; 
                or
                    (B) an unaccredited, but approved status that 
                misrepresents, directly or indirectly, the nature, 
                extent, or credibility of such approval.
            (4) The issuing of any accreditation, including 
        institutional, programmatic, or specialized accreditation, to 
        any degree-granting institution by any entity that is not 
        recognized for accreditation purposes by the Secretary of 
        Education, any other appropriate Federal agency, or the Council 
        for Higher Education Accreditation, or, for foreign 
        accreditors, any entity that is not recognized for 
        accreditation purposes by the appropriate agency or ministry of 
        jurisdiction in the country of the accrediting agency.
    (b) Guidelines for Legitimate Degree-Granting Institution.--For 
purposes of defining a legitimate degree-granting institution in the 
rule required under subsection (a), the Federal Trade Commission shall 
adopt the guidelines developed by the Task Force and submitted in its 
report to Congress as required by section 8(c).
    (c) Final Rule.--The Commission shall issue final rules under this 
section not later than 90 days after the Task Force submits its final 
report containing such guidelines to Congress pursuant to section 
8(c)(3).
    (d) Reporting Requirement.--
            (1) Federal trade commission.--In administering and 
        enforcing the rule required under subsection (a), the Federal 
        Trade Commission shall report regularly to the Secretary of 
        Education any information regarding entities which the 
        Commission knows or suspects to be in violation of such rule.
            (2) Secretary of education.--The Secretary of Education 
        shall make available to the general public, in paper and 
        electronic forms, the information reported to the Secretary in 
        accordance with paragraph (1).

SEC. 11. STUDY.

    (a) Study.--The Comptroller General shall conduct a study to gather 
the following information:
            (1) A determination of the numbers and types of degree-
        granting institutions that are enrolling students or otherwise 
        operating within the United States as of the date of the 
        enactment of this Act that are not accredited by an accrediting 
        agency or association recognized by the Secretary of Education 
        under section 496 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 
        U.S.C. 1099b) that--
                    (A) are legitimate degree-granting institutions; 
                and
                    (B) are fraudulent degree-granting institutions.
            (2) An analysis of why legitimate degree-granting 
        institutions do not obtain accreditation by an accrediting 
        agency or association described in paragraph (1), and 
        specifically why some such institutions voluntarily elect not 
        to obtain such accreditation.
            (3) An analysis of any steps taken by the Department of 
        Education to repair the vulnerabilities in the Federal Family 
        Education Loan Program revealed by the Office of Special 
        Investigations of the Government Accountability Office, as 
        reported to the Subcommittee on 21st Century Competitiveness of 
        the Committee on Education and the Workforce of the House of 
        Representatives on September 23, 2004.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the Diploma Mill Task 
Force established under section 8 a report on the study conducted under 
subsection (a) together with recommendations for such legislation and 
administrative action as the Comptroller General determines to be 
appropriate.
                                 <all>