<enum>I</enum><header>Amendment to the <act-name parsable-cite="CRA64">Civil Rights Act of 1964</act-name></header> <section id="HAFD37F877E6841A5AB54E6ECA122703B"><enum>101.</enum><header>Short title</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">This title may be cited as the <quote>Pregnancy Discrimination Act Amendments of 2005</quote>.</text> </section><section id="H4A9498005ECB4583835FBD37E9741015"><enum>102.</enum><header>Findings; purposes</header> <subsection id="H94ED8034B0EA4415A691D5FB7677004F"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Findings</header><text>Congress finds the following:</text> <paragraph id="H461F0CA6DD4B42BCBF61C84905B990D2"><enum>(1)</enum><text>Women with infants and toddlers are a rapidly growing segment of the labor force today.</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="H428638CC75FC43A50016D256A04884B2"><enum>(2)</enum><text>Statistical surveys of families show that over 50 percent of mothers with children less than 1 year of age are in the labor force.</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="H77377CDC0FF1428AA6B0784BEC277CB4"><enum>(3)</enum><text>The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that mothers breastfeed exclusively for six months but continuing for at least the 1st year of a child’s life and that arrangements be made to allow a mother’s expressing of milk if mother and child must separate.</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="HE06FAC6435834A6DBDF969A51FDBFE8D"><enum>(4)</enum><text>Research studies show that children who are not breastfed have higher rates of mortality, meningitis, some types of cancers, asthma and other respiratory illnesses, bacterial and viral infections, diarrhoeal diseases, ear infections, allergies, and obesity.</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="HFF307DAE7A56456EAFB55D76BD127FA1"><enum>(5)</enum><text>Research studies have also shown that breastmilk and breastfeeding have protective effects against the development of a number of chronic diseases, including juvenile diabetes, lymphomas, Crohn’s disease, celiac disease, some chronic liver diseases, and ulcerative colitis.</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="H55647FF228A54C94B54C773F00858846"><enum>(6)</enum><text>Maternal benefits of breastfeeding include a reduced risk for postpartum hemorrhage and decreased risk for developing osteoporosis, ovarian cancer, and premenopausal breast cancer.</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="HF20E3101CA56434F9281F72613002E19"><enum>(7)</enum><text>The health benefits to children from breastfeeding translate into a threefold decrease in parental absenteeism due to infant illness.</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="H34802BDB50FE489CA27836D88221C195"><enum>(8)</enum><text>Congress intended to include breastfeeding and expressing breast milk as protected conduct under the amendment made by the Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978 to title VII of the <act-name parsable-cite="CRA64">Civil Rights Act of 1964</act-name>.</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="H2BA30A7379C345DDBE5916476B1FEB17"><enum>(9)</enum><text>Although title VII of the <act-name parsable-cite="CRA64">Civil Rights Act of 1964</act-name>, as so amended, applies with respect to <quote>pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical conditions</quote>, a few courts have failed to reach the conclusion that breastfeeding and expressing breast milk in the workplace are covered by such title.</text> </paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HA8AF618BB3CE425B95B6B25DE75C2B00"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Purposes</header><text>The purposes of this title are—</text> <paragraph id="H875B342DF9A3476A9F31E712A0B6BF03"><enum>(1)</enum><text>to promote the health and well-being of infants whose mothers return to the workplace after childbirth, and</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="H52F1B86D2DC649E1A300B0547BC34E98"><enum>(2)</enum><text>to clarify that breastfeeding and expressing breast milk in the workplace are protected conduct under the amendment made by the Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978 to title VII of the <act-name parsable-cite="CRA64">Civil Rights Act of 1964</act-name>.</text> </paragraph></subsection></section><section id="H42735BE86D2845D6A0D76D54CD188133"><enum>103.</enum><header>Amendment to title VII of the <act-name parsable-cite="CRA64">Civil Rights Act of 1964</act-name></header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Section 701(k) of the <act-name parsable-cite="CRA64">Civil Rights Act of 1964</act-name> (42 U.S.C. 2000e(k)) is amended—</text> <paragraph id="H478C323E18DD4CA89508A8CC49CFE9BA"><enum>(1)</enum><text>by inserting <quote>(including lactation)</quote> after <quote>childbirth</quote>, and</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="H52E31F21158C46C4A93E02FEB1DE4421"><enum>(2)</enum><text>by adding at the end the following: <quote>For purposes of this subsection, the term <term>lactation</term> means a condition that may result in the feeding of a child directly from the breast or the expressing of milk from the breast.</quote>.</text> </paragraph></section>

109 HR 2122 IH: Pregnancy Discrimination Act U.S. House of Representatives 2005-05-05 text/xml EN Pursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain.

109th CONGRESS 1st Session

H. R. 2122

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

May 5, 2005

Mrs. Maloney (for herself, Ms. Lee, Mr. Wexler, Mr. Schiff, Ms. Woolsey, Mr. Sanders, Mr. Miller of North Carolina, Mr. Payne, Ms. Jackson-Lee of Texas, Mr. Kildee, Ms. Roybal-Allard, Mr. Conyers, Mr. Shays, Mr. Owens, Mr. Crowley, and Mr. McGovern) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Ways and Means, and in addition to the Committees on Energy and Commerce and Education and the Workforce, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned

A BILL

To amend the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to protect breastfeeding by new mothers; to provide for a performance standard for breast pumps; and to provide tax incentives to encourage breastfeeding.

Short title

This Act may be cited as the

Pregnancy Discrimination Act Amendments of 2005

<enum>I</enum><header>Amendment to the <act-name parsable-cite="CRA64">Civil Rights Act of 1964</act-name></header> <section id="HAFD37F877E6841A5AB54E6ECA122703B"><enum>101.</enum><header>Short title</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">This title may be cited as the <quote>Pregnancy Discrimination Act Amendments of 2005</quote>.</text> </section><section id="H4A9498005ECB4583835FBD37E9741015"><enum>102.</enum><header>Findings; purposes</header> <subsection id="H94ED8034B0EA4415A691D5FB7677004F"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Findings</header><text>Congress finds the following:</text> <paragraph id="H461F0CA6DD4B42BCBF61C84905B990D2"><enum>(1)</enum><text>Women with infants and toddlers are a rapidly growing segment of the labor force today.</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="H428638CC75FC43A50016D256A04884B2"><enum>(2)</enum><text>Statistical surveys of families show that over 50 percent of mothers with children less than 1 year of age are in the labor force.</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="H77377CDC0FF1428AA6B0784BEC277CB4"><enum>(3)</enum><text>The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that mothers breastfeed exclusively for six months but continuing for at least the 1st year of a child’s life and that arrangements be made to allow a mother’s expressing of milk if mother and child must separate.</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="HE06FAC6435834A6DBDF969A51FDBFE8D"><enum>(4)</enum><text>Research studies show that children who are not breastfed have higher rates of mortality, meningitis, some types of cancers, asthma and other respiratory illnesses, bacterial and viral infections, diarrhoeal diseases, ear infections, allergies, and obesity.</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="HFF307DAE7A56456EAFB55D76BD127FA1"><enum>(5)</enum><text>Research studies have also shown that breastmilk and breastfeeding have protective effects against the development of a number of chronic diseases, including juvenile diabetes, lymphomas, Crohn’s disease, celiac disease, some chronic liver diseases, and ulcerative colitis.</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="H55647FF228A54C94B54C773F00858846"><enum>(6)</enum><text>Maternal benefits of breastfeeding include a reduced risk for postpartum hemorrhage and decreased risk for developing osteoporosis, ovarian cancer, and premenopausal breast cancer.</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="HF20E3101CA56434F9281F72613002E19"><enum>(7)</enum><text>The health benefits to children from breastfeeding translate into a threefold decrease in parental absenteeism due to infant illness.</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="H34802BDB50FE489CA27836D88221C195"><enum>(8)</enum><text>Congress intended to include breastfeeding and expressing breast milk as protected conduct under the amendment made by the Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978 to title VII of the <act-name parsable-cite="CRA64">Civil Rights Act of 1964</act-name>.</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="H2BA30A7379C345DDBE5916476B1FEB17"><enum>(9)</enum><text>Although title VII of the <act-name parsable-cite="CRA64">Civil Rights Act of 1964</act-name>, as so amended, applies with respect to <quote>pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical conditions</quote>, a few courts have failed to reach the conclusion that breastfeeding and expressing breast milk in the workplace are covered by such title.</text> </paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HA8AF618BB3CE425B95B6B25DE75C2B00"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Purposes</header><text>The purposes of this title are—</text> <paragraph id="H875B342DF9A3476A9F31E712A0B6BF03"><enum>(1)</enum><text>to promote the health and well-being of infants whose mothers return to the workplace after childbirth, and</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="H52F1B86D2DC649E1A300B0547BC34E98"><enum>(2)</enum><text>to clarify that breastfeeding and expressing breast milk in the workplace are protected conduct under the amendment made by the Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978 to title VII of the <act-name parsable-cite="CRA64">Civil Rights Act of 1964</act-name>.</text> </paragraph></subsection></section><section id="H42735BE86D2845D6A0D76D54CD188133"><enum>103.</enum><header>Amendment to title VII of the <act-name parsable-cite="CRA64">Civil Rights Act of 1964</act-name></header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">Section 701(k) of the <act-name parsable-cite="CRA64">Civil Rights Act of 1964</act-name> (42 U.S.C. 2000e(k)) is amended—</text> <paragraph id="H478C323E18DD4CA89508A8CC49CFE9BA"><enum>(1)</enum><text>by inserting <quote>(including lactation)</quote> after <quote>childbirth</quote>, and</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="H52E31F21158C46C4A93E02FEB1DE4421"><enum>(2)</enum><text>by adding at the end the following: <quote>For purposes of this subsection, the term <term>lactation</term> means a condition that may result in the feeding of a child directly from the breast or the expressing of milk from the breast.</quote>.</text> </paragraph></section><enum>II</enum><header>Credit for employer expenses for providing appropriate environment on business premises for employed mothers to breastfeed or express milk for their children</header> <section id="H46224036EF114958A47B365D68EED79B"><enum>201.</enum><header>Allowance of credit for employer expenses for providing appropriate environment on business premises for employed mothers to breastfeed or express milk for their children</header> <subsection id="H26BB408678734EA78BB1C5D21FA2EABB"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text>Subpart D of part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to business related credits) is amended by adding at the end the following new section:</text> <quoted-block id="H26AAAFD6D31740DEA4E2150158FB93CF"> <section id="H79788984D174433999E9C181271BDF69"><enum>45I.</enum><header>Credit for employer expenses incurred to facilitate employed mothers who breastfeed or express milk for their children</header> <subsection id="H92F085C1C21E4635BCC2739DB6CF1548"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text>For purposes of section 38, the breastfeeding promotion and support credit determined under this section for the taxable year is an amount equal to 50 percent of the qualified breastfeeding promotion and support expenditures of the taxpayer for such taxable year.</text> </subsection><subsection id="HBB2AB9B3A7274790A082141DEDEB9754"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Dollar limitation</header><text>The credit allowable under subsection (a) for any taxable year shall not exceed $10,000.</text> </subsection><subsection id="HB25654B2ED544CE0865000FB934D7675"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Qualified breastfeeding promotion and support expenditure</header><text>For purposes of this section—</text> <paragraph id="H3B7CF1D0EB3540A4BBA8F0004B450059"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>The term <term>qualified breastfeeding promotion and support expenditure</term> means any amount paid or incurred in connection with a trade or business of the taxpayer—</text> <subparagraph id="H7341C5B259784B3182B400356C50C51F"><enum>(A)</enum><text>for breast pumps and other equipment specially designed to assist mothers who are employees of the taxpayer to breastfeed or express milk for their children but only if such pumps and equipment meet such standards (if any) prescribed by the Secretary of Health and Human Services, and</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph id="H3B1FF56DEA43404B9D8251119BBB7DC8"><enum>(B)</enum><text>for consultation services to the taxpayer or employees of the taxpayer relating to breastfeeding.</text> </subparagraph></paragraph><paragraph id="HEE7C134A892D44BDA20501EFA900C6F"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Costs of other exclusive use property included</header><text>Such term includes any amount paid or incurred for the acquisition or lease of tangible personal property (not described in paragraph (1)(A)) which is exclusively used by mothers who are employees of the taxpayer to breastfeed or express milk for their children unless such property is located in any residence of the taxpayer or any employee of the taxpayer.</text> </paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H8A9C4ACEE5CA4347BA316EB3FCD4B09F"><enum>(d)</enum><header>Recapture of credit</header> <paragraph id="H00BF4C67FDEA4FF8974BDBFB16BE13AC"><enum>(1)</enum><header>In general</header><text>If, during any taxable year, any property for which a credit was allowed under this section is disposed of or otherwise ceases to be used by the taxpayer as required by this section, then the tax of the taxpayer under this chapter for such taxable year shall be increased by an amount equal to the recapture percentage of the aggregate decrease in the credits allowed under section 38 for all prior taxable years which would have resulted solely from reducing to zero any credit determined under this section with respect to such property. The preceding sentence shall not apply to property leased to the taxpayer.</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="H60E4BFA77DC047CDA00000CBA1DA3F6E"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Recapture percentage</header><text>For purposes of this subsection, the recapture percentage shall be determined in accordance with the following table:</text> <table align-to-level="section" blank-lines-before="1" frame="none" line-rules="no-gen" rule-weights="4.4.4.4.4.17" subformat="S6211" table-type="2-General"> <tgroup cols="2" grid-typeface="1.1" thead-tbody-ldg-size="10.10.10" ttitle-size="0"><colspec coldef="txt" colname="col1" colsep="1" colwidth="78" min-data-value="50"></colspec><colspec coldef="fig" colname="col2" colsep="1" colwidth="93" min-data-value="10"></colspec> <thead> <row><entry align="center" colname="col1" rowsep="0">If the recapture event occurs in:</entry><entry align="center" colname="col2" rowsep="0">The recapture percentage is:</entry> </row> </thead> <tbody> <row><entry align="left" colname="col1" rowsep="0" stub-definition="txt-ldr" stub-hierarchy="1">Year 1</entry><entry align="right" colname="col2" leader-modify="force-ldr" rowsep="0">100</entry> </row> <row><entry align="left" colname="col1" rowsep="0" stub-definition="txt-ldr" stub-hierarchy="1">Year 2</entry><entry align="right" colname="col2" leader-modify="force-ldr" rowsep="0">60</entry> </row> <row><entry align="left" colname="col1" rowsep="0" stub-definition="txt-ldr" stub-hierarchy="1">Year 3</entry><entry align="right" colname="col2" leader-modify="force-ldr" rowsep="0">30</entry> </row> <row><entry align="left" colname="col1" rowsep="0" stub-definition="txt-ldr" stub-hierarchy="1">Year 4 or thereafter</entry><entry align="right" colname="col2" leader-modify="force-ldr" rowsep="0">0.</entry> </row> </tbody> </tgroup> </table> <continuation-text continuation-text-level="paragraph">The references to years in the preceding table are references to the consecutive taxable years beginning with the taxable year in which the property is placed in service by the taxpayer as year 1.</continuation-text></paragraph><paragraph id="H29821C98ABB1476E942CA30024198DA"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Certain rules to apply</header><text>Rules similar to the rules of paragraphs (3) and (4), and subparagraphs (B) and (C) of paragraph (5), of section 50(a) shall apply for purposes of this subsection.</text> </paragraph></subsection><subsection id="H72A107C6CC864FA6BBB6887DC07FB420"><enum>(e)</enum><header>Special rules</header><text>For purposes of this section—</text> <paragraph id="H132DA0401489459A80196926BC44BCEB"><enum>(1)</enum><header>Aggregation rules</header><text>For purposes of subsection (b), all persons which are treated as a single employer under subsection (a) or (b) of section 52 shall be treated as a single taxpayer, and the dollar amount contained in such subsection shall be allocated among such persons under regulations prescribed by the Secretary.</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="H3ECFEA2D0F2E45B68BC8D8A99B7E76BE"><enum>(2)</enum><header>Reduction in basis</header><text>Rules similar to the rules of paragraphs (1) and (2) of section 50(c), and section 1016(a)(19), shall apply with respect to property for which a credit is determined under this section.</text> </paragraph><paragraph id="H08FF3714656C4DC7BD92115300BF6B91"><enum>(3)</enum><header>Other deductions and credits</header><text>No deduction or credit shall be allowed under any other provision of this chapter with respect to any expenditure for which a credit is determined under this section.</text> </paragraph></subsection></section><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block> </subsection><subsection id="HC9088B6A2AFC4898A7B25C8070C7CB2F"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Conforming amendments</header> <paragraph id="HB8DBAE406C8D4EE58286C77829F63591"><enum>(1)</enum><text>Section 38(b) of such Code is amended by striking <quote>plus</quote> at the end of paragraph (18), by striking the period at the end of paragraph (19) and inserting <quote>, plus</quote>, and by adding at the end the following new paragraph:</text> <quoted-block id="H34E75E01FC8C49549DD6FA0344FF98B4"> <paragraph id="HB156FBFCAC5E4BB98DB88D2C0052BFC8"><enum>(20)</enum><text>the breastfeeding promotion and support credit determined under section 45I(a).</text> </paragraph><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block> </paragraph><paragraph id="H22475D24E1AD4EFB95D587F6845DF6AF"><enum>(2)</enum><text>The table of sections for subpart D of part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1 of such Code is amended by adding at the end the following new item:</text> <quoted-block id="HE566302B6899400D927BC16D6B1E9EB9" style="OLC"> <toc regeneration="no-regeneration"> <toc-entry level="section">Sec. 45I. Credit for employer expenses incurred to facilitate employed mothers who breastfeed or express milk for their children</toc-entry> </toc> <after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block> </paragraph></subsection><subsection id="HA48BBA54B80B4495A9711B829E6DF5CA"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Effective date</header><text>The amendments made by this section shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2004.</text> </subsection></section><enum>III</enum><header>Safe and effective breast pumps</header> <section id="H109167616ECA407AB2D127D582B8B96"><enum>301.</enum><header>Short title</header><text display-inline="no-display-inline">This title may be cited as the <quote>Safe and Effective Breast Pumps Act</quote>.</text> </section><section id="H9FDD6415DC2B4E798DB5998DC3025E81"><enum>302.</enum><header>Breast pumps</header> <subsection id="HED9F7B44CE1B4D2EB2DD42C9618511DC"><enum>(a)</enum><header>Performance standards</header><text>The Secretary of Health and Human Services shall take such action as may be appropriate to put into effect a performance standard for breast pumps irrespective of the class to which the breast pumps have been classified under section 513 of the <act-name parsable-cite="FFDCA">Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act</act-name> (<external-xref legal-doc="usc" parsable-cite="usc/21/360c">21 U.S.C. 360c</external-xref>). In establishing such standard, the Secretary shall identify those pumps appropriate for use on a regular basis in a place of employment based on the efficiency and effectiveness of the pump and on sanitation factors related to communal use. Action to put into effect a performance standard shall be taken within one year of the date of the enactment of this Act.</text> </subsection><subsection id="HFF20F2598F9048BC8908F1A037DD97E4"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Compliance policy guide</header><text>The Secretary of Health and Human Services, acting through the Commissioner of Food and Drugs, shall issue a compliance policy guide which will assure that women who want to breastfeed a child are given full and complete information respecting breast pumps.</text> </subsection></section><enum>IV</enum><header>Definition of medical care in Internal Revenue Code expanded to include breastfeeding equipment and services</header> <section id="H9D9EB418AFA94E6A9DDD86C15C2B20DD"><enum>401.</enum><header>Definition of medical care expanded to include breastfeeding equipment and services</header> <subsection id="HF0DF0B0E32C644918600BF791F52DE95"><enum>(a)</enum><header>In general</header><text>Paragraph (1) of section 213(d) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (defining medical care) is amended by striking <quote>or</quote> at the end of subparagraph (C), by striking the period at the end of subparagraph (D) and inserting <quote>, or</quote>, and by inserting after subparagraph (D) the following:</text> <quoted-block id="H3074B91CC63D4385A681D600DAB0C305"> <subparagraph id="H3350A6B7CA0B471DADC9C5EDC3970911"><enum>(E)</enum><text>qualified breastfeeding equipment and services.</text> </subparagraph><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block> </subsection><subsection id="H4D41C5B1915D4183B1C7D60586530059"><enum>(b)</enum><header>Qualified breastfeeding equipment and services</header><text>Subsection (d) of section 213 of such Code (relating to definitions) is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:</text> <quoted-block id="HB0E1CE337E4B4117B63B4CE6C2DC8100"> <paragraph id="H0E89FA2929B441F89B28214DD0B7CAB9"><enum>(12)</enum><header>Qualified breastfeeding equipment and services</header><text>For purposes of paragraph (1)(E), the term <term>qualified breastfeeding equipment and services</term> means—</text> <subparagraph id="H151EB730A6B0458387965113AA01D9AE"><enum>(A)</enum><text>breast pumps and other equipment specially designed to assist a mother to breastfeed or express milk for her child but only if such pumps and equipment meet such standards (if any) prescribed by the Secretary of Health and Human Services, and</text> </subparagraph><subparagraph id="H183D090FDE4B4E1D9260D44547A9F915"><enum>(B)</enum><text>consultation services relating to breastfeeding.</text> </subparagraph></paragraph><after-quoted-block>.</after-quoted-block></quoted-block> </subsection><subsection id="HB773AF3C5B1A4210AED082FA4E5280F2"><enum>(c)</enum><header>Effective date</header><text>The amendments made by this section shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2004.</text> </subsection></section>