[Congressional Bills 108th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 406 Introduced in Senate (IS)]







108th CONGRESS
  1st Session
                                 S. 406

To provide grants to States and outlying areas to encourage the States 
   and outlying areas to enhance existing or establish new statewide 
 coalitions among institutions of higher education, communities around 
the institutions, and other relevant organizations or groups, including 
 anti-drug or anti-alcohol coalitions, to reduce underage drinking and 
         illicit drug-use by students, both on and off campus.


_______________________________________________________________________


                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                           February 13, 2003

  Mr. DeWine (for himself and Mr. Lieberman) introduced the following 
  bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Health, 
                     Education, Labor, and Pensions

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
To provide grants to States and outlying areas to encourage the States 
   and outlying areas to enhance existing or establish new statewide 
 coalitions among institutions of higher education, communities around 
the institutions, and other relevant organizations or groups, including 
 anti-drug or anti-alcohol coalitions, to reduce underage drinking and 
         illicit drug-use by students, both on and off campus.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Communities Combating College 
Drinking and Drug Use Act''.

SEC 2. FINDINGS.

    Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) Alcohol is by far the drug most widely used and abused 
        by young people in the United States.
            (2)(A) In 2003, it is illegal for youths under the age of 
        21 to purchase alcohol in all of the 50 States and the District 
        of Columbia, and illicit drugs remain illegal.
            (B) According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, on 
        average, young people begin drinking at about age 13. However, 
        some start even younger. By the time young people are high 
        school seniors, more than 80 percent have used alcohol and 
        approximately 64 percent have been drunk.
            (C) When adolescents move on to college, they bring their 
        drinking habits with them. According to a 1993-1997 Harvard 
        School of Public Health College Alcohol Study, 40 percent of 
        college students are binge drinkers.
            (D) According to the Department of Health and Human 
        Services, in 1998, 10,400,000 current drinkers were under legal 
        age (age 12-21) and of these, 5,100,000 were binge drinkers, 
        including 2,300,000 heavy drinkers.
            (E) Among 10th graders the perceived harmfulness of 
        regularly taking LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) is 68.8 
        percent, and among 8th graders the perceived harmfulness is 
        52.9 percent, according to the 2001 Monitoring the Future Study 
        (MTF) funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse.
            (F) Only 45.7 percent of 12th graders perceived a great 
        risk in trying MDMA (ecstasy) once or twice.
            (G) The perceived availability of crack and cocaine among 
        10th graders was thought of as easy or fairly easy by 31 
        percent of 10th graders.
            (3)(A) Underage drinking particularly impacts institutions 
        of higher education.
            (B) In 1999, Harvard University's School of Public Health 
        College Alcohol Study surveyed 119 colleges and found that 
        students who were binge drinkers in high school were 3 times 
        more likely to binge drink in college.
            (C) According to a March 2002 article published in the 
        Journal of Studies on Alcohol, a study conducted by the Social 
        and Behavioral Sciences Department of the Boston University 
        School of Public Health reported that 1998 and 1999 studies 
        show over 2,000,000 of the 8,000,000 college students in the 
        United States drove under the influence of alcohol, over 
        500,000 were unintentionally injured while under the influence 
        of alcohol, and over 600,000 were hit or assaulted by another 
        student who had been drinking.
            (D) According to the same Boston University study, it is 
        estimated that over 1,400 students aged 18-24 and enrolled in 
        2-year and 4-year colleges died in 1998 from alcohol-related 
        unintentional injuries.
            (E) More than 600,000 students between the ages of 18 and 
        24 are assaulted by another student who has been drinking, and 
        another 500,000 students are unintentionally injured under the 
        influence of alcohol.
            (F) More than 70,000 students between the ages of 18 and 24 
        are victims of alcohol-related sexual assault or date rape, 
        more than 400,000 students reported having unprotected sex, and 
        more than 100,000 students reported having been too intoxicated 
        to know if they consented to having sex, according to the 
        Boston University study.
            (4)(A) Longstanding cultural influences perpetuate student 
        patterns of drinking.
            (B) Of frequent binge drinkers, 73 percent of males and 68 
        percent of females cited drinking to get drunk as an important 
reason for drinking according to ``Binge Drinking on Campus: Results of 
a National Study'', from Harvard School of Public Health.
            (C) The proportion of college students who drink varies 
        depending on where they live. Drinking rates are highest in 
        fraternities and sororities, followed by on-campus housing. 
        Students who live independently offsite (e.g., in apartments) 
        drink less, while commuting students who live with their 
        families drink the least.
            (D) Institutions of higher education in places with strict 
        laws such as keg registration, prohibitions on happy hours, and 
        open container in public bans, which restrict the volume of 
        alcohol sold or consumed, displayed lower rates of consumption 
        and binge drinking among underage students.
            (E) A 2000 report by the Department of Health and Human 
        Services, entitled ``Healthy People 2010'', observes that ``The 
        perception that alcohol use is socially acceptable correlates 
        with the fact that more than 80 percent of American youth 
        consume alcohol before their 21st birthday, whereas the lack of 
        social acceptance of other drugs correlates with comparatively 
        low rates of use. Similarly, widespread societal expectations 
        that young persons will engage in binge drinking may encourage 
        this highly dangerous form of alcohol consumption.''.
            (F) Mutually reinforcing interventions between the college 
        and surrounding community can change the broader environment 
        and help reduce alcohol abuse and alcohol-related problems over 
        the long term.
            (5)(A) The use of illicit drugs threatens the lives and 
        well-being of students at institutions of higher education.
            (B) According to the working paper, ``Alcohol and Marijuana 
        Use Among College Students: Economic Complements or 
        Substitutes'', for the National Bureau of Economic Research, 
        alcohol and marijuana are economic complements, meaning that as 
        the use of alcohol goes down on campuses, it is expected that 
        marijuana will as well, or that as marijuana usage falls, so 
        will alcohol usage.
            (C) The annual prevalence of the use of an illicit drug at 
        institutions of higher education is 36 percent. The annual 
        marijuana use is 34 percent. The annual use of cocaine and LSD 
        is 4.8 percent. The annual use of heroin is 4.5 percent.

SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS.

    In this Act:
            (1) Binge drinking.--The term ``binge drinking'' means the 
        consumption of 5 or more drinks on any 1 occasion.
            (2) Institution of higher education.--The term 
        ``institution of higher education'' has the meaning given the 
        term in section 101(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 
        U.S.C. 1001(a)).
            (3) Outlying area.--The term ``outlying area'' means the 
        United States Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the 
        Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.
            (4) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary 
        of Education.
            (5) State.--The term ``State'' means each of the 50 States, 
        the District of Columbia, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico
            (6) Statewide coalition.--The term ``statewide coalition'' 
        means a coalition that--
                    (A) includes--
                            (i) the entity a State designates to apply 
                        for a grant under this Act and to administer 
                        the grant funds; and
                            (ii)(I) institutions of higher education 
                        within that State; and
                            (II) a nonprofit group, a community anti-
                        drug or anti-alcohol coalition, or another 
                        substance abuse prevention group within the 
                        State; and
                    (B) works toward lowering the drug and alcohol 
                abuse rate at not fewer than 50 percent of the 
                institutions of higher education throughout the State 
                and in the communities surrounding the campuses of the 
                institutions.
            (7) Surrounding community.--The term ``surrounding 
        community'' means the community--
                    (A) which surrounds an institution of higher 
                education participating in a statewide coalition;
                    (B) where the students from the institution of 
                higher education take part in the community; and
                    (C) where students from the institution of higher 
                education live in off-campus housing.

SEC. 4. PURPOSE.

    The purpose of this Act is to encourage States, institutions of 
higher education, local communities, nonprofit groups, including 
community anti-drug or anti-alcohol coalitions, and other substance 
abuse groups within the State to enhance existing or, where none exist, 
to establish new statewide coalitions to reduce the usage of drugs and 
alcohol by college students both on campus and in the surrounding 
community at large.

SEC. 5. GRANTS.

    (a) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out this Act $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2004 and 
such sums as may be necessary for each of the 4 succeeding fiscal 
years.
    (b) Grants to States.--
            (1) Allotments.--
                    (A) In general.--From amounts appropriated under 
                subsection (a) for a fiscal year, the Secretary shall 
                make grants according to allotments under subparagraph 
                (B) to States having applications approved under 
                subsection (c) to pay the cost of carrying out the 
                activities described in the application.
                    (B) Determination of allotments.--
                            (i) Reservation of funds.--From the total 
                        amount appropriated under subsection (a) for a 
                        fiscal year, the Secretary shall reserve--
                                    (I) one-half of 1 percent for 
                                allotments to the outlying areas, to be 
                                distributed among those outlying areas 
                                on the basis of their relative need for 
                                assistance under this Act, as 
                                determined by the Secretary, to carry 
                                out the purpose of this Act; and
                                    (II) one-half of 1 percent for the 
                                Secretary of the Interior for programs 
                                under this Act for schools operated or 
                                funded by the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
                            (ii) State allotments.--From funds 
                        appropriated under subsection (a) for a fiscal 
                        year that remain after reserving funds under 
                        clause (i), the Secretary shall allot to each 
                        State an amount that bears the same relation to 
                        such remainder as the population of the State 
                        bears to the population of all States, as 
                        determined by the 2000 decennial census.
            (2) Matching funds required.--Each State receiving a grant 
        under this Act shall contribute matching funds, from non-
        Federal sources, toward the cost of the activities described in 
        the application, in an amount equal to--
                    (A) 100 percent of the Federal funds received under 
                the grant, in the case of a State supporting a new 
                statewide coalition; and
                    (B) 50 percent of the Federal funds received under 
                the grant, in the case of a State supporting a 
                statewide coalition that was in existence on the day 
                preceding the date of enactment of this Act.
            (3) Administrative costs.--Each State receiving a grant 
        under this section may expend not more than 25 percent of the 
        grant funds for administrative costs.
    (c) State Applications.--
            (1) In general.--For a State to be eligible to receive a 
        grant under this part, the State shall submit an application to 
        the Secretary at such time, in such manner, and containing such 
        information as the Secretary shall reasonably require.
            (2) Contents.--Each application submitted under this 
        section shall include the following:
                    (A) A description of how the State will work to 
                enhance existing, or where none exists, to build a 
                statewide coalition in cooperation with--
                            (i) not fewer than 50 percent of the 
                        institutions of higher education within the 
                        State;
                            (ii) local communities;
                            (iii) nonprofit groups, community anti-drug 
                        or anti-alcohol coalitions; and
                            (iv) other substance abuse prevention 
                        groups within the State.
                    (B) A description of how the State intends to 
                ensure that the statewide coalition is actually 
                implementing the purpose of this Act and moving toward 
                the achievement indicators described in subsection (d).
                    (C) A list of the members of the statewide 
                coalition or interested parties.
    (d) Accountability.--On the date on which the Secretary first 
publishes a notice in the Federal Register soliciting applications for 
grants under this section, the Secretary shall include in the notice 
achievement indicators for the program assisted under this section. The 
achievement indicators shall be designed--
            (1) to measure the impact that the statewide coalitions 
        assisted under this Act are having on the institutions of 
        higher education and the surrounding communities, including 
        changes in the number of alcohol or drug-related incidents of 
        any kind (including violations, physical assaults, sexual 
        assaults, reports of intimidation, disruptions of school 
        functions, disruptions of student studies, illnesses, or 
        deaths);
            (2) to measure the quality and accessibility of the 
        programs or information offered by the statewide coalitions; 
        and
            (3) to provide such other measures of program impact as the 
        Secretary determines appropriate.
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