[Congressional Bills 108th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 1938 Introduced in Senate (IS)]







108th CONGRESS
  1st Session
                                S. 1938

 To amend the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of 
     1974 and related laws to strengthen the protection of native 
  biodiversity and ban clearcutting on Federal land, and to designate 
  certain Federal land as Ancient forests, roadless areas, watershed 
 protection areas, and special areas where logging and other intrusive 
                       activities are prohibited.


_______________________________________________________________________


                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                           November 24, 2003

 Mr. Corzine (for himself, Mr. Schumer, Mr. Lautenberg, and Mr. Reed) 
introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the 
               Committee on Energy and Natural Resources

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
 To amend the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of 
     1974 and related laws to strengthen the protection of native 
  biodiversity and ban clearcutting on Federal land, and to designate 
  certain Federal land as Ancient forests, roadless areas, watershed 
 protection areas, and special areas where logging and other intrusive 
                       activities are prohibited.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Act to Save 
America's Forests''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents of this Act is as 
follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Findings and purposes.
                        TITLE I--LAND MANAGEMENT

Sec. 101. Committee of scientists.
Sec. 102. Continuous forest inventory.
Sec. 103. Administration and management.
Sec. 104. Conforming amendments.
  TITLE II--PROTECTION FOR ANCIENT FORESTS, ROADLESS AREAS, WATERSHED 
                  PROTECTION AREAS, AND SPECIAL AREAS

Sec. 201. Findings.
Sec. 202. Definitions.
Sec. 203. Designation of special areas.
Sec. 204. Restrictions on management activities in Ancient forests, 
                            roadless areas, watershed protection areas, 
                            and special areas.
                       TITLE III--EFFECTIVE DATE

Sec. 301. Effective date.
Sec. 302. Effect on existing contracts.
Sec. 303. Wilderness act exclusion.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS AND PURPOSES.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds that--
            (1) Federal agencies that permit clearcutting and other 
        forms of even-age logging operations include the Forest 
        Service, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, and the 
        Bureau of Land Management;
            (2) clearcutting and other forms of even-age logging 
        operations cause substantial alterations in native biodiversity 
        by--
                    (A) emphasizing the production of a limited number 
                of commercial species, and often only a single species, 
                of trees on each site;
                    (B) manipulating the vegetation toward greater 
                relative density of the commercial species;
                    (C) suppressing competing species; and
                    (D) requiring the planting, on numerous sites, of a 
                commercial strain of the species that reduces the 
                relative diversity of other genetic strains of the 
                species that were traditionally located on the same 
                sites;
            (3) clearcutting and other forms of even-age logging 
        operations--
                    (A) frequently lead to the death of immobile 
                species and the very young of mobile species of 
                wildlife; and
                    (B) deplete the habitat of deep-forest species of 
                animals, including endangered species and threatened 
                species;
            (4)(A) clearcutting and other forms of even-age logging 
        operations--
                    (i) expose the soil to direct sunlight and the 
                impact of precipitation;
                    (ii) disrupt the soil surface;
                    (iii) compact organic layers; and
                    (iv) disrupt the run-off restraining capabilities 
                of roots and low-lying vegetation, resulting in soil 
                erosion, the leaching of nutrients, a reduction in the 
                biological content of soil, and the impoverishment of 
                soil; and
            (B) all of the consequences described in subparagraph (A) 
        have a long-range deleterious effect on all land resources, 
        including timber production;
            (5) clearcutting and other forms of even-age logging 
        operations aggravate global climate change by--
                    (A) decreasing the capability of the soil to retain 
                carbon; and
                    (B) during the critical periods of felling and site 
                preparation, reducing the capacity of the biomass to 
                process and to store carbon, with a resultant loss of 
                stored carbon to the atmosphere;
            (6) clearcutting and other forms of even-age logging 
        operations render soil increasingly sensitive to acid deposits 
        by causing a decline of soil wood and coarse woody debris;
            (7) a decline of solid wood and coarse woody debris reduces 
        the capacity of soil to retain water and nutrients, which in 
        turn increases soil heat and impairs soil's ability to maintain 
        protective carbon compounds on the soil surface;
            (8) clearcutting and other forms of even-age logging 
        operations result in--
                    (A) increased stream sedimentation and the silting 
                of stream bottoms;
                    (B) a decline in water quality;
                    (C) the impairment of life cycles and spawning 
                processes of aquatic life from benthic organisms to 
                large fish; and
                    (D) as a result of the effects described in 
                subparagraphs (A) through (C), a depletion of the sport 
                and commercial fisheries of the United States;
            (9) clearcutting and other forms of even-age management of 
        Federal forests disrupt natural disturbance regimes that are 
        critical to ecosystem function;
            (10) clearcutting and other forms of even-age logging 
        operations increase harmful edge effects, including--
                    (A) blowdowns;
                    (B) invasions by weed species; and
                    (C) heavier losses to predators and competitors;
            (11) by reducing the number of deep, canopied, variegated, 
        permanent forests, clearcutting and other forms of even-age 
        logging operations--
                    (A) limit areas where the public can satisfy an 
                expanding need for recreation; and
                    (B) decrease the recreational value of land;
            (12) clearcutting and other forms of even-age logging 
        operations replace forests described in paragraph (11) with a 
        surplus of clearings that grow into relatively impenetrable 
        thickets of saplings, and then into monoculture tree 
        plantations;
            (13) because of the harmful and, in many cases, 
        irreversible, damage to forest species and forest ecosystems 
        caused by logging of Ancient and roadless forests, 
        clearcutting, and other forms of even-age management, it is 
        important that these practices be halted based on the 
        precautionary principle;
            (14) human beings depend on native biological resources, 
        including plants, animals, and micro-organisms--
                    (A) for food, medicine, shelter, and other 
                important products; and
                    (B) as a source of intellectual and scientific 
                knowledge, recreation, and aesthetic pleasure;
            (15) alteration of native biodiversity has serious 
        consequences for human welfare, as the United States 
        irretrievably loses resources for research and agricultural, 
        medicinal, and industrial development;
            (16) alteration of biodiversity in Federal forests 
        adversely affects the functions of ecosystems and critical 
        ecosystem processes that--
                    (A) moderate climate;
                    (B) govern nutrient cycles and soil conservation 
                and production;
                    (C) control pests and diseases; and
                    (D) degrade wastes and pollutants;
            (17)(A) clearcutting and other forms of even-age management 
        operations have significant deleterious effects on native 
        biodiversity, by reducing habitat and food for cavity-nesting 
        birds and insectivores such as the 3-toed woodpecker and hairy 
        woodpecker and for neotropical migratory bird species; and
            (B) the reduction in habitat and food supply could disrupt 
        the lines of dependency among species and their food resources 
        and thereby jeopardize critical ecosystem function, including 
        limiting outbreaks of destructive insect populations; for 
        example--
                    (i) the 3-toed woodpecker requires clumped snags in 
                spruce-fir forests, and 99 percent of its winter diet 
                is composed of insects, primarily spruce beetles; and
                    (ii) a 3-toed woodpecker can consume as much as 26 
                percent of the brood of an endemic population of spruce 
                bark beetle and reduce brood survival of the population 
                by 70 to 79 percent;
            (18) the harm of clearcutting and other forms of even-age 
        logging operations on the natural resources of the United 
        States and the quality of life of the people of the United 
        States is substantial, severe, and avoidable;
            (19) by substituting selection management, as required by 
        this Act, for clearcutting and other forms of even-age logging 
        operations, the Federal agencies involved with those logging 
        operations would substantially reduce devastation to the 
        environment and improve the quality of life of the people of 
        the United States;
            (20) selection management--
                    (A) retains natural forest structure and function;
                    (B) focuses on long-term rather than short-term 
                management;
                    (C) works with, rather than against, the checks and 
                balances inherent in natural processes; and
                    (D) permits the normal, natural processes in a 
                forest to allow the forest to go through the natural 
                stages of succession to develop a forest with old 
                growth ecological functions;
            (21) by protecting native biodiversity, as required by this 
        Act, Federal agencies would maintain vital native ecosystems 
        and improve the quality of life of the people of the United 
        States;
            (22) selection logging--
                    (A) is more job intensive, and therefore provides 
                more employment than clearcutting and other forms of 
                even-age logging operations to manage the same quantity 
                of timber production; and
                    (B) produces higher quality sawlogs than 
                clearcutting and other forms of even-age logging 
                operations; and
            (23) the judicial remedies available to enforce Federal 
        forest laws are inadequate, and should be strengthened by 
        providing for injunctions, declaratory judgments, statutory 
        damages, and reasonable costs of suit.
    (b) Purpose.--The purpose of this Act is to conserve native 
biodiversity and protect all native ecosystems on all Federal land 
against losses that result from--
            (1) clearcutting and other forms of even-age logging 
        operations; and
            (2) logging in Ancient forests, roadless areas, watershed 
        protection areas, and special areas.

                        TITLE I--LAND MANAGEMENT

SEC. 101. COMMITTEE OF SCIENTISTS.

    Section 6 of the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning 
Act of 1974 (16 U.S.C. 1604) is amended by striking subsection (h) and 
inserting the following:
    ``(h) Committee of Scientists.--
            ``(1) In general.--To carry out subsection (g), the 
        Secretary shall appoint a committee composed of scientists--
                    ``(A) who are not officers or employees of the 
                Forest Service, of any other public entity, or of any 
entity engaged in whole or in part in the production of wood or wood 
products;
                    ``(B) not more than one-third of whom have 
                contracted with or represented any entity described in 
                subparagraph (A) during the 5-year period ending on the 
                date of the proposed appointment to the committee; and
                    ``(C) not more than one-third of whom are 
                foresters.
            ``(2) Qualifications of foresters.--A forester appointed to 
        the committee shall be an individual with--
                    ``(A) extensive training in conservation biology; 
                and
                    ``(B) field experience in selection management.
            ``(3) Duties.--The committee shall provide scientific and 
        technical advice and counsel on proposed guidelines and 
        procedures and all other issues involving forestry and native 
        biodiversity to promote an effective interdisciplinary approach 
        to forestry and native biodiversity.
            ``(4) Termination.--The committee shall terminate on the 
        date that is 10 years after the date of enactment of the Act to 
        Save America's Forests.''

SEC. 102. CONTINUOUS FOREST INVENTORY.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment 
of this Act, each of the Chief of the Forest Service, the Director of 
the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Director of the 
Bureau of Land Management (referred to individually as an ``agency 
head'') shall prepare a continuous inventory of forest land 
administered by those agency heads, respectively.
    (b) Requirements.--A continuous forest inventory shall constitute a 
long-term monitoring and inventory system that--
            (1) is contiguous throughout affected Federal forest land; 
        and
            (2) is based on a set of permanent plots that are 
        inventoried every 10 years to--
                    (A) assess the impacts that human activities are 
                having on management of the ecosystem;
                    (B) gauge--
                            (i) floristic and faunistic diversity, 
                        abundance, and dominance; and
                            (ii) economic and social value; and
                    (C) monitor changes in the age, structure, and 
                diversity of species of trees and other vegetation.
    (c) Decennial Inventories.--Each decennial inventory under 
subsection (b)(2) shall be completed not more than 60 days after the 
date on which the inventory is begun.
    (d) National Academy of Sciences.--In preparing a continuous forest 
inventory, an agency head may use the services of the National Academy 
of Sciences to--
            (1) develop a system for the continuous forest inventory by 
        which certain guilds or indicator species are measured; and
            (2) identify any changes to the continuous forest inventory 
        that are necessary to ensure that the continuous forest 
        inventory is consistent with the most accurate scientific 
        methods.
    (e) Whole-System Measures.--At the end of each forest planning 
period, an agency head shall document whole-system measures that will 
be taken as a result of a decennial inventory.
    (f) Public Availability.--Results of a continuous forest inventory 
shall be made available to the public without charge.

SEC. 103. ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT.

    The Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of 1974 
is amended by adding after section 6 (16 U.S.C. 1604) the following:

``SEC. 6A. CONSERVATION OF NATIVE BIODIVERSITY; SELECTION LOGGING; 
              PROHIBITION OF CLEARCUTTING.

    ``(a) Applicability.--This section applies to the administration 
and management of--
            ``(1) National Forest System land, under this Act;
            ``(2) Federal land, under the Federal Land Policy and 
        Management Act of 1976 (43 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.); and
            ``(3) National Wildlife Refuge System land, under the 
        National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act of 1966 (16 
        U.S.C. 668dd et seq.).
    ``(b) Native Biodiversity in Forested Areas.--The Secretary shall 
provide for the conservation or restoration of native biodiversity in 
each stand and each watershed throughout each forested area, except 
during the extraction stage of authorized mineral development or during 
authorized construction projects, in which cases the Secretary shall 
conserve native biodiversity to the maximum extent practicable.
    ``(c) Restriction on Use of Certain Logging Practices.--
            ``(1) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                    ``(A) Age diversity.--The term `age diversity' 
                means the naturally occurring range and distribution of 
                age classes within a given species.
                    ``(B) Basal area.--The term `basal area' means the 
                area of the cross section of a tree stem, including the 
                bark, at 4.5 feet above the ground.
                    ``(C) Clearcutting.--The term `clearcutting' means 
                an even-age logging operation that removes all of the 
                trees over a considerable portion of a stand at 1 time.
                    ``(D) Conservation.--The term `conservation' means 
                protective measures for maintaining native biodiversity 
                and active and passive measures for restoring diversity 
                through management efforts, in order to protect, 
                restore, and enhance as much of the variety of species 
                and communities as practicable in abundances and 
                distributions that provide for their continued 
                existence and normal functioning, including the 
                viability of populations throughout their natural 
                geographic distributions.
                    ``(E) Even-age logging operation.--
                            ``(i) In general.--The term `even-age 
                        logging operation' means a logging activity 
                        that--
                                    ``(I) creates a clearing or opening 
                                that exceeds \1/5\ acre;
                                    ``(II) creates a stand in which the 
                                majority of trees are within 10 years 
                                of the same age; or
                                    ``(III) within a period of 30 
                                years, cuts or removes more than the 
                                lesser of--
                                            ``(aa) the growth of the 
                                        basal area of all tree species 
                                        (not including a tree of a non-
                                        native invasive tree species or 
                                        an invasive plantation species) 
                                        in a stand; or
                                            ``(bb) 20 percent of the 
                                        basal area of a stand.
                            ``(ii) Inclusion.--The term `even-age 
                        logging operation' includes the application of 
                        clearcutting, high grading, seed-tree cutting, 
                        shelterwood cutting, or any other logging 
                        method in a manner inconsistent with selection 
                        management.
                            ``(iii) Exclusion.--The term `even-age 
                        logging operation' does not include the cutting 
                        or removal of--
                                    ``(I) a tree of a non-native 
                                invasive tree species; or
                                    ``(II) an invasive plantation 
                                species, if native longleaf pine are 
                                planted in place of the removed 
                                invasive plantation species.
                    ``(F) Genetic diversity.--The term `genetic 
                diversity' means the differences in genetic composition 
                within and among populations of a species.
                    ``(G) High grading.--The term `high grading' means 
                the removal of only the larger or more commercially 
                valuable trees in a stand, resulting in an alteration 
                in the natural range of age diversity or species 
                diversity in the stand.
                    ``(H) Invasive plantation species.--The term 
                `invasive plantation species' means a loblolly pine or 
                slash pine that was planted or managed by the Forest 
                Service or any other Federal agency as part of an even-
                aged monoculture tree plantation.
                    ``(I) Native biodiversity.--
                            ``(i) In general.--The term `native 
                        biodiversity' means--
                                    ``(I) the full range of variety and 
                                variability within and among living 
                                organisms; and
                                    ``(II) the ecological complexes in 
                                which the living organisms would have 
                                occurred (including naturally occurring 
                                disturbance regimes) in the absence of 
                                significant human impact.
                            ``(ii) Inclusions.--The term `native 
                        biodiversity' includes diversity--
                                    ``(I) within a species (including 
                                genetic diversity, species diversity, 
                                and age diversity);
                                    ``(II) within a community of 
                                species;
                                    ``(III) between communities of 
                                species;
                                    ``(IV) within a discrete area, such 
                                as a watershed;
                                    ``(V) along a vertical plane from 
                                ground to sky, including application of 
                                the plane to all the other types of 
                                diversity; and
                                    ``(VI) along the horizontal plane 
                                of the land surface, including 
                                application of the plane to all the 
                                other types of diversity.
                    ``(J) Non-native invasive tree species.--
                            ``(i) In general.--The term `non-native 
                        invasive tree species' means a species of tree 
                        not native to North America.
                            ``(ii) Inclusions.--The term `non-native 
                        invasive tree species' includes--
                                    ``(I) Australian pine (Casaurina 
                                equisetifolia);
                                    ``(II) Brazilian pepper (Schinus 
                                terebinthifolius);
                                    ``(III) Common buckthorn (Rhamnus 
                                cathartica);
                                    ``(IV) Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus 
                                globulus);
                                    ``(V) Glossy buckthorn (Rhamnus 
                                frangula);
                                    ``(VI) Melaleuca (Melaleuca 
                                quinquenervia);
                                    ``(VII) Norway maple (Acer 
                                platanoides);
                                    ``(VIII) Princess tree (Paulownia 
                                tomentosa);
                                    ``(IX) Salt cedar (Tamarix 
                                species);
                                    ``(X) Silk tree (Albizia 
                                julibrissin);
                                    ``(XI) Strawberry guava (Psidium 
                                cattleianum);
                                    ``(XII) Tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus 
                                altissima);
                                    ``(XIII) Velvet tree (Miconia 
                                calvescens); and
                                    ``(XIV) White poplar (Populus 
                                alba).
                    ``(K) Seed-tree cut.--The term `seed-tree cut' 
                means an even-age logging operation that leaves a small 
                minority of seed trees in a stand for any period of 
                time.
                    ``(L) Selection management.--
                            ``(i) In general.--The term `selection 
                        management' means a method of logging that 
                        emphasizes the periodic, individual selection 
                        and removal of varying size and age classes of 
                        the weaker, nondominant cull trees in a stand 
                        and leaves uncut the stronger dominant trees to 
                        survive and reproduce, in a manner that works 
with natural forest processes and--
                                    ``(I) ensures the maintenance of 
                                continuous high forest cover where high 
                                forest cover naturally occurs;
                                    ``(II) ensures the maintenance or 
                                natural regeneration of all native 
                                species in a stand;
                                    ``(III) ensures the growth and 
                                development of trees through a range of 
                                diameter or age classes to provide a 
                                sustained yield of forest products 
                                including clean water, rich soil, and 
                                native plants and wildlife; and
                                    ``(IV) ensures that some dead 
                                trees, standing and downed, shall be 
                                left in each stand where selection 
                                logging occurs, to fulfill their 
                                necessary ecological functions in the 
                                forest ecosystem, including providing 
                                elemental and organic nutrients to the 
                                soil, water retention, and habitat for 
                                endemic insect species that provide the 
                                primary food source for predators 
                                (including various species of 
                                amphibians and birds, such as cavity 
                                nesting woodpeckers).
                            ``(ii) Exclusion.--
                                    ``(I) In general.--Subject to 
                                subclause (II), the term `selection 
                                management' does not include an even-
                                age logging operation.
                                    ``(II) Felling age; native 
                                biodiversity.--Subclause (I) does not--
                                            ``(aa) establish a 150-year 
                                        projected felling age as the 
                                        standard at which individual 
                                        trees in a stand are to be cut; 
                                        or
                                            ``(bb) limit native 
                                        biodiversity to that which 
                                        occurs within the context of a 
                                        150-year projected felling age.
                    ``(M) Shelterwood cut.--The term `shelterwood cut' 
                means an even-age logging operation that leaves--
                            ``(i) a minority of the stand (larger than 
                        a seed-tree cut) as a seed source; or
                            ``(ii) a protection cover remaining 
                        standing for any period of time.
                    ``(N) Species diversity.--The term `species 
                diversity' means the richness and variety of native 
                species in a particular location.
                    ``(O) Stand.--The term `stand' means a biological 
                community of trees on land described in subsection (a), 
                comprised of not more than 100 contiguous acres with 
                sufficient identity of 1 or more characteristics 
                (including location, topography, and dominant species) 
                to be managed as a unit.
                    ``(P) Timber purpose.--
                            ``(i) In general.--The term `timber 
                        purpose' means the use, sale, lease, or 
                        distribution of trees, including the felling of 
                        trees or portions of trees.
                            ``(ii) Exception.--The term `timber 
                        purpose' does not include the felling of trees 
                        or portions of trees to create land space for a 
                        Federal administrative structure.
                    ``(Q) Within-community diversity.--The term 
                `within-community diversity' means the distinctive 
                assemblages of species and ecological processes that 
                occur in various physical settings of the biosphere and 
                distinct locations.
            ``(2) Prohibition of clearcutting and other forms of even-
        age logging operations.--No clearcutting or other form of even-
        age logging operation shall be permitted in any stand or 
        watershed.
            ``(3) Management of native biodiversity.--On each stand on 
        which an even-age logging operation has been conducted on or 
        before the date of enactment of this section, and on each 
        deforested area managed for timber purposes on or before the 
        date of enactment of this section, excluding areas occupied by 
        existing buildings, the Secretary shall--
                    ``(A) prescribe a shift to selection management; or
                    ``(B) cease managing the stand for timber purposes, 
                in which case the Secretary shall--
                            ``(i) undertake an active restoration of 
                        the native biodiversity of the stand; or
                            ``(ii) permit the stand to regain native 
                        biodiversity.
            ``(4) Enforcement.--
                    ``(A) Finding.-- Congress finds that all people of 
                the United States are injured by actions on land to 
                which subsection (g)(3)(B) and this subsection applies.
                    ``(B) Purpose.--The purpose of this paragraph is to 
                foster the widest and most effective possible 
                enforcement of subsection (g)(3)(B) and this 
                subsection.
                    ``(C) Federal enforcement.--The Secretary of 
                Agriculture, the Secretary of the Interior, and the 
                Attorney General shall enforce subsection (g)(3)(B) and 
                this subsection against any person that violates 1 or 
                more of those provisions.
                    ``(D) Citizen suits.--
                            ``(i) In general.--A citizen harmed by a 
                        violation of subsection (g)(3)(B) or this 
                        subsection may bring a civil action in United 
                        States district court for a declaratory 
                        judgment, a temporary restraining order, an 
                        injunction, statutory damages, or other remedy 
                        against any alleged violator, including the 
                        United States.
                            ``(ii) Judicial relief.--If a district 
                        court of the United States determines that a 
                        violation of subsection (g)(3)(B) or this 
                        subsection has occurred, the district court--
                                    ``(I) shall impose a damage award 
                                of not less than $5,000;
                                    ``(II) may issue 1 or more 
                                injunctions or other forms of equitable 
                                relief; and
                                    ``(III) shall award to the 
                                plaintiffs reasonable costs of bringing 
                                the action, including attorney's fees, 
                                witness fees, and other necessary 
                                expenses.
                            ``(iii) Standard of proof.--The standard of 
                        proof in all actions under this subparagraph 
                        shall be the preponderance of the evidence.
                            ``(iv) Trial.--A trial for any action under 
                        this subsection shall be de novo.
                  ``(E) Payment of damages.--
                            ``(i) Non-federal violator.--A damage award 
                        under subparagraph (D)(ii) shall be paid to the 
                        Treasury by a non-Federal violator or violators 
                        designated by the court.
                            ``(ii) Federal violator.--
                                    ``(I) In general.--Not later than 
                                40 days after the date on which 
                                judgment is rendered, a damage award 
                                under subparagraph (D)(ii) for which 
                                the United States is determined to be 
                                liable shall be paid from the Treasury, 
                                as provided under section 1304 of title 
                                31, United States Code, to the person 
                                or persons designated to receive the 
                                damage award.
                                    ``(II) Use of damage award.--A 
                                damage award described under subclause 
                                (I) shall be used by the recipient to 
                                protect or restore native biodiversity 
                                on Federal land or on land adjoining 
                                Federal land.
                                    ``(III) Court costs.--Any award of 
                                costs of litigation and any award of 
                                attorney fees shall be paid by a 
                                Federal violator not later than 40 days 
                                after the date on which judgment is 
                                rendered.
                    ``(F) Waiver of sovereign immunity.--
                            ``(i) In general.--The United States 
                        (including agents and employees of the United 
                        States) waives its sovereign immunity in all 
                        respects in all actions under subsection 
                        (g)(3)(B) and this subsection.
                            ``(ii) Notice.--No notice is required to 
                        enforce this subsection.''.

SEC. 104. CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.

    Section 6(g)(3) of the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resource 
Planning Act of 1974 (16 U.S.C. 1604(g)(3)) is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (D), by inserting ``and'' after the 
        semicolon at the end;
            (2) in subparagraph (E), by striking ``; and'' and 
        inserting a period; and
            (3) by striking subparagraph (F).

  TITLE II--PROTECTION FOR ANCIENT FORESTS, ROADLESS AREAS, WATERSHED 
                  PROTECTION AREAS, AND SPECIAL AREAS

SEC. 201. FINDINGS.

    Congress finds that--
            (1) unfragmented forests on Federal land, unique and 
        valuable assets to the general public, are damaged by 
        extractive logging;
            (2) less than 10 percent of the original unlogged forests 
        of the United States remain, and the vast majority of the 
        remnants of the original forests of the United States are 
        located on Federal land;
            (3) large, unfragmented forest watersheds provide high-
        quality water supplies for drinking, agriculture, industry, and 
        fisheries across the United States;
            (4) the most recent scientific studies indicate that 
        several thousand species of plants and animals are dependent on 
        large, unfragmented forest areas;
            (5) many neotropical migratory songbird species are 
        experiencing documented broad-scale population declines and 
        require large, unfragmented forests to ensure their survival;
            (6) destruction of large-scale natural forests has resulted 
        in a tremendous loss of jobs in the fishing, hunting, tourism, 
        recreation, and guiding industries, and has adversely affected 
        sustainable nontimber forest products industries such as the 
        collection of mushrooms and herbs;
            (7) extractive logging programs on Federal land are carried 
        out at enormous financial costs to the Treasury and taxpayers 
        of the United States;
            (8) Ancient forests continue to be threatened by logging 
        and deforestation and are rapidly disappearing;
            (9) Ancient forests help regulate atmospheric balance, 
        maintain biodiversity, and provide valuable scientific 
        opportunity for monitoring the health of the planet;
            (10) prohibiting extractive logging in the Ancient forests 
        would create the best conditions for ensuring stable, well 
        distributed, and viable populations of the northern spotted 
        owl, marbled murrelet, American marten, and other vertebrates, 
        invertebrates, vascular plants, and nonvascular plants 
        associated with those forests;
            (11) prohibiting extractive logging in the Ancient forests 
        would create the best conditions for ensuring stable, well 
        distributed, and viable populations of anadromous salmonids, 
        resident salmonids, and bull trout;
            (12) roadless areas are de facto wilderness that provide 
        wildlife habitat and recreation;
            (13) large unfragmented forests, contained in large part on 
        roadless areas on Federal land, are among the last refuges for 
        native animal and plant biodiversity, and are vital to 
        maintaining viable populations of threatened, endangered, 
        sensitive, and rare species;
            (14) roads cause soil erosion, disrupt wildlife migration, 
        and allow nonnative species of plants and animals to invade 
        native forests;
            (15) the mortality and reproduction patterns of forest 
        dwelling animal populations are adversely affected by traffic-
        related fatalities that accompany roads;
            (16) the exceptional recreational, biological, scientific, 
        or economic assets of certain special forested areas on Federal 
        land are valuable to the public of the United States and are 
        damaged by extractive logging;
            (17) in order to gauge the effectiveness and 
        appropriateness of current and future resource management 
        activities, and to continue to broaden and develop our 
        understanding of silvicultural practices, many special forested 
        areas need to remain in a natural, unmanaged state to serve as 
        scientifically established baseline control forests;
            (18) certain special forested areas provide habitat for the 
        survival and recovery of endangered and threatened plant and 
        wildlife species, such as grizzly bears, spotted owls, Pacific 
        salmon, and Pacific yew, that are harmed by extractive logging;
            (19) many special forested areas on Federal land are 
        considered sacred sites by native peoples; and
            (20) as a legacy for the enjoyment, knowledge, and well-
        being of future generations, provisions must be made for the 
        protection and perpetuation of the Ancient forests, roadless 
        areas, watershed protection areas, and special areas of the 
        United States.

SEC. 202. DEFINITIONS.

    In this title:
            (1) Ancient forest.--The term ``Ancient forest'' means--
                    (A) the northwest Ancient forests, including--
                            (i) Federal land identified as late-
                        successional reserves, riparian reserves, and 
                        key watersheds under the heading ``Alternative 
                        1'' of the report entitled ``Final Supplemental 
                        Environmental Impact Statement on Management of 
                        Habitat for Late-Successional and Old-Growth 
                        Forest Related Species Within the Range of the 
                        Northern Spotted Owl, Vol. I.'', and dated 
                        February 1994; and
                            (ii) Federal land identified by the term 
                        ``medium and large conifer multi-storied, 
                        canopied forests'' as defined in the report 
                        described in clause (i);
                    (B) the eastside Cascade Ancient forests, 
                including--
                            (i) Federal land identified as ``Late-
                        Succession/Old-growth Forest (LS/OG)'' depicted 
                        on maps for the Colville National Forest, 
                        Fremont National Forest, Malheur National 
                        Forest, Ochoco National Forest, Umatilla 
                        National Forest, Wallowa-Whitman National 
                        Forest, and Winema National Forest in the 
                        report entitled ``Interim Protection for Late-
                        Successional Forests, Fisheries, and 
                        Watersheds: National Forests East of the 
                        Cascade Crest, Oregon, and Washington'', 
                        prepared by the Eastside Forests Scientific 
                        Society Panel (The Wildlife Society, Technical 
                        Review 94-2, August 1994);
                            (ii) Federal land east of the Cascade crest 
                        in the States of Oregon and Washington, defined 
                        as ``late successional and old-growth forests'' 
                        in the general definition on page 28 of the 
                        report described in clause (i); and
                            (iii) Federal land classified as ``Oregon 
                        Aquatic Diversity Areas'', as defined in the 
                        report described in clause (i); and
                    (C) the Sierra Nevada Ancient forests, including--
                            (i) Federal land identified as ``Areas of 
                        Late-Successional Emphasis (ALSE)'' in the 
                        report entitled, ``Final Report to Congress: 
                        Status of the Sierra Nevada'', prepared by the 
                        Sierra Nevada Ecosystem Project (Wildland 
                        Resources Center Report #40, University of 
                        California, Davis, 1996/97);
                            (ii) Federal land identified as ``Late-
                        Succession/Old-Growth Forests Rank 3, 4 or 5'' 
                        in the report described in clause (i); and
                            (iii) Federal land identified as 
                        ``Potential Aquatic Diversity Management 
                        Areas'' on the map on page 1497 of Volume II of 
                        the report described in clause (i).
            (2) Extractive logging.--The term ``extractive logging'' 
        means the felling or removal of any trees from Federal forest 
        land for any purpose.
            (3) Improved road.--The term ``improved road'' means any 
        road maintained for travel by standard passenger type vehicles.
            (4) Roadless area.--The term ``roadless area'' means a 
        contiguous parcel of Federal land that is--
                    (A) devoid of improved roads, except as provided in 
                subparagraph (B); and
                    (B) composed of--
                            (i) at least 1,000 acres west of the 100th 
                        meridian (with up to \1/2\ mile of improved 
                        roads per 1,000 acres);
                            (ii) at least 1,000 acres east of the 100th 
                        meridian (with up to \1/2\ mile of improved 
                        roads per 1,000 acres); or
                            (iii) less than 1,000 acres, but share a 
                        border that is not an improved road with a 
                        wilderness area, primitive area, or wilderness 
                        study area.
            (5) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'', with respect to any 
        Federal land in an Ancient forest, roadless area, watershed 
        protection area, or special area, means the head of the Federal 
        agency having jurisdiction over the Federal land.
            (6) Special area.--The term ``special area'' means an area 
        of Federal forest land designated under section 3 that may not 
        meet the definition of an Ancient forest, roadless area, or 
        watershed protection area, but that--
                    (A) possesses outstanding biological, scenic, 
                recreational, or cultural values; and
                    (B) is exemplary on a regional, national, or 
                international level.
            (7) Watershed protection area.--The term ``watershed 
        protection area'' means Federal land that extends--
                    (A) 300 feet from both sides of the active stream 
                channel of any permanently flowing stream or river;
                    (B) 100 feet from both sides of the active channel 
                of any intermittent, ephemeral, or seasonal stream, or 
                any other nonpermanently flowing drainage feature 
                having a definable channel and evidence of annual scour 
                or deposition of flow-related debris;
                    (C) 300 feet from the edge of the maximum level of 
                any natural lake or pond; or
                    (D) 150 feet from the edge of the maximum level of 
                a constructed lake, pond, or reservoir, or a natural or 
                constructed wetland.

SEC. 203. DESIGNATION OF SPECIAL AREAS.

    (a) In General.--
            (1) Finding.--A special area shall possess at least 1 of 
        the values described in paragraphs (2) through (5).
            (2) Biological values.--The biological values of a special 
        area may include the presence of--
                    (A) threatened species or endangered species of 
                plants or animals;
                    (B) rare or endangered ecosystems;
                    (C) key habitats necessary for the recovery of 
                endangered species or threatened species;
                    (D) recovery or restoration areas of rare or 
                underrepresented forest ecosystems;
                    (E) migration corridors;
                    (F) areas of outstanding biodiversity;
                    (G) old growth forests;
                    (H) commercial fisheries; and
                    (I) sources of clean water such as key watersheds.
            (3) Scenic values.--The scenic values of a special area may 
        include the presence of--
                    (A) unusual geological formations;
                    (B) designated wild and scenic rivers;
                    (C) unique biota; and
                    (D) vistas.
            (4) Recreational values.--The recreational values of a 
        special area may include the presence of--
                    (A) designated national recreational trails or 
                recreational areas;
                    (B) areas that are popular for such recreation and 
                sporting activities as--
                            (i) hunting;
                            (ii) fishing;
                            (iii) camping;
                            (iv) hiking;
                            (v) aquatic recreation; and
                            (vi) winter recreation;
                    (C) Federal land in regions that are underserved in 
                terms of recreation;
                    (D) land adjacent to designated wilderness areas; 
                and
                    (E) solitude.
            (5) Cultural values.--The cultural values of a special area 
        may include the presence of--
                    (A) sites with Native American religious 
                significance; and
                    (B) historic or prehistoric archaeological sites 
                eligible for listing on the national historic register.
    (b) Size Variation.--A special area may vary in size to encompass 
the outstanding biological, scenic, recreational, or cultural value or 
values to be protected.
    (c) Designation of Special Areas.--There are designated the 
following special areas, which shall be subject to the management 
restrictions specified in section 204:
            (1) Alabama.--
                    (A) Sipsey wilderness headwaters.--Certain land in 
                the Bankhead National Forest, Bankhead Ranger District, 
                in Lawrence County, totaling approximately 22,000 
                acres, located directly north and upstream of the 
                Sipsey Wilderness, and directly south of Forest Road 
                213.
                    (B) Brushy fork.--Certain land in the Bankhead 
                National Forest, Bankhead Ranger District, in Lawrence 
                County, totaling approximately 6,200 acres, bounded by 
                Forest Roads 249, 254, and 246 and Alabama Highway 33.
                    (C) Rebecca mountain.--Certain land in the 
                Talladega National Forest, Talladega Ranger District, 
                Talladega County and Clay County, totaling 
                approximately 9,000 acres, comprised of all Talladega 
                National Forest lands south of Forest Roads 621 and 621 
                B, east of Alabama Highway 48/77 and County Highway 
                308, and north of the power transmission line.
                    (D) Augusta mine ridge.--Certain land in the 
                Talladega National Forest, Shoal Creek Ranger District, 
                Cherokee County and Cleburn County, totaling 
                approximately 6,000 acres, and comprised of all 
                Talladega National Forest land north of the Chief 
                Ladiga Rail Trail.
                    (E) Mayfield creek.--Certain land in the Talladega 
                National Forest, Oakmulgee Ranger District, in Rail 
                County, totaling approximately 4,000 acres, and bounded 
                by Forest Roads 731, 723, 718, and 718A.
                    (F) Bear bay.--Certain land in the Conecuh National 
                Forest, Conecuh District, in Covington County, totaling 
                approximately 3,000 acres, bounded by County Road 11, 
                Forest Road 305, County Road 3, and the County Road 
                connecting County Roads 3 and 11.
            (2) Alaska.--
                    (A) Turnagain arm.--Certain land in the Chugach 
                National Forest, on the Kenai Peninsula, totaling 
                approximately 100,000 acres, extending from sea level 
                to ridgetop surrounding the inlet of Turnagain Arm, 
                known as ``Turnagain Arm''.
                    (B) Honker divide.--Certain land in the Tongass 
                National Forest, totaling approximately 75,000 acres, 
                located on north central Prince of Wales Island, 
                comprising the Thorne River and Hatchery Creek 
                watersheds, stretching approximately 40 miles northwest 
                from the vicinity of the town of Thorne Bay to the 
                vicinity of the town of Coffman Cove, generally known 
                as the ``Honker Divide''.
            (3) Arizona: north rim of the grand canyon.--Certain land 
        in the Kaibab National Forest that is included in the Grand 
        Canyon Game Preserve, totaling approximately 500,000 acres, 
        abutting the northern side of the Grand Canyon in the area 
        generally known as the ``North Rim of the Grand Canyon''.
            (4) Arkansas.--
                    (A) Cow creek drainage, arkansas.--Certain land in 
                the Ouachita National Forest, Mena Ranger District, in 
                Polk County, totaling approximately 7,000 acres, known 
                as ``Cow Creek Drainage, Arkansas'', and bounded 
                approximately--
                            (i) on the north, by County Road 95;
                            (ii) on the south, by County Road 157;
                            (iii) on the east, by County Road 48; and
                            (iv) on the west, by the Arkansas-Oklahoma 
                        border.
                    (B) Leader and brush mountains.--Certain land in 
                the Ouachita National Forest, Montgomery County and 
                Polk County, totaling approximately 120,000 acres, 
                known as ``Leader Mountain'' and ``Brush Mountain'', 
                located in the vicinity of the Blaylock Creek Watershed 
                between Long Creek and the South Fork of the Saline 
                River.
                    (C) Polk creek area.--Certain land in the Ouachita 
                National Forest, Mena Ranger District, totaling 
                approximately 20,000 acres, bounded by Arkansas Highway 
                4 and Forest Roads 73 and 43, known as the ``Polk Creek 
                area''.
                    (D) Lower buffalo river watershed.--Certain land in 
                the Ozark National Forest, Sylamore Ranger District, 
                totaling approximately 6,000 acres, including Forest 
                Service land that has not been designated as a 
                wilderness area before the date of enactment of this 
                Act, located in the watershed of Big Creek southwest of 
                the Leatherwood Wilderness Area, Searcy County and 
                Marion County, and known as the ``Lower Buffalo River 
                Watershed''.
                    (E) Upper buffalo river watershed.--Certain land in 
                the Ozark National Forest, Buffalo Ranger District, 
                totaling approximately 220,000 acres, comprised of 
                Forest Service that has not been designated as a 
                wilderness area before the date of enactment of this 
                Act, known as the ``Upper Buffalo River Watershed'', 
                located approximately 35 miles from the town of 
                Harrison, Madison County, Newton County, and Searcy 
                County, upstream of the confluence of the Buffalo River 
                and Richland Creek in the watersheds of--
                            (i) the Buffalo River;
                            (ii) the various streams comprising the 
                        Headwaters of the Buffalo River;
                            (iii) Richland Creek;
                            (iv) Little Buffalo Headwaters;
                            (v) Edgmon Creek;
                            (vi) Big Creek; and
                            (vii) Cane Creek.
            (5) California: giant sequoia preserve.--Certain land in 
        the Sequoia National Forest and Sierra National Forest, known 
        as the ``Giant Sequoia Preserve'', comprised of 3 discontinuous 
        parcels and approximately 442,425 acres, located in Fresno 
        County, Tulare County, and Kern County, in the Southern Sierra 
        Nevada mountain range, including--
                    (A) the Kings River Unit (145,600 acres) and nearby 
                Redwood Mountain Unit (11,730 acres), located 
                approximately 25 miles east of the city of Fresno; and
                    (B) the South Unit (285,095 acres), located 
                approximately 15 miles east of the city of Porterville.
            (6) Colorado: cochetopa hills.--Certain land in the 
        Gunnison Basin area, known as the ``Cochetopa Hills'', 
        administered by the Gunnison National Forest, Grand Mesa 
National Forest, Uncompahgre National Forest, and Rio Grand National 
Forest, totaling approximately 500,000 acres, spanning the continental 
divide south and east of the city of Gunnison, in Saguache County, and 
including--
                    (A) Elk Mountain and West Elk Mountain;
                    (B) the Grand Mesa;
                    (C) the Uncompahgre Plateau;
                    (D) the northern San Juan Mountains;
                    (E) the La Garitas Mountains; and
                    (F) the Cochetopa Hills.
            (7) Georgia.--
                    (A) Armuchee cluster.--Certain land in the 
                Chattahoochee National Forest, Armuchee Ranger 
                District, known as the ``Armuchee Cluster'', totaling 
                approximately 19,700 acres, comprised of 3 parcels 
                known as ``Rocky Face'', ``Johns Mountain'', and 
                ``Hidden Creek'', located approximately 10 miles 
                southwest of Dalton and 14 miles north of Rome, in 
                Whitfield County, Walker County, Chattooga County, 
                Floyd County, and Gordon County.
                    (B) Blue ridge corridor cluster, georgia areas.--
                Certain land in the Chattahoochee National Forest, 
                Chestatee Ranger District, totaling approximately 
                15,000 acres, known as the ``Blue Ridge Corridor 
                Cluster, Georgia Areas'', comprised of 5 parcels known 
                as ``Horse Gap'', ``Hogback Mountain'', ``Blackwell 
                Creek'', ``Little Cedar Mountain'', and ``Black 
                Mountain'', located approximately 15 to 20 miles north 
                of the town of Dahlonega, in Union County and Lumpkin 
                County.
                    (C) Chattooga watershed cluster, georgia areas.--
                Certain land in the Chattahoochee National Forest, 
                Tallulah Ranger District, totaling 63,500 acres, known 
                as the ``Chattooga Watershed Cluster, Georgia Areas'', 
                comprised of 7 areas known as ``Rabun Bald'', ``Three 
                Forks'', ``Ellicott Rock Extension'', ``Rock Gorge'', 
                ``Big Shoals'', ``Thrift's Ferry'', and ``Five Falls'', 
                in Rabun County, near the towns of Clayton, Georgia, 
                and Dillard, South Carolina.
                    (D) Cohutta cluster.--Certain land in the 
                Chattahoochee National Forest, Cohutta Ranger District, 
                totaling approximately 28,000 acres, known as the 
                ``Cohutta Cluster'', comprised of 4 parcels known as 
                ``Cohutta Extensions'', ``Grassy Mountain'', ``Emery 
                Creek'', and ``Mountaintown'', near the towns of 
                Chatsworth and Ellijay, in Murray County, Fannin 
                County, and Gilmer County.
                    (E) Duncan ridge cluster.--Certain land in the 
                Chattahoochee National Forest, Brasstown and Toccoa 
                Ranger Districts, totaling approximately 17,000 acres, 
                known as the ``Duncan Ridge Cluster'', comprised of the 
                parcels known as ``Licklog Mountain'', ``Duncan 
                Ridge'', ``Board Camp'', and ``Cooper Creek Scenic Area 
                Extension'', approximately 10 to 15 miles south of the 
                town of Blairsville, in Union County and Fannin County.
                    (F) Ed jenkins national recreation area cluster.--
                Certain land in the Chattahoochee National Forest, 
                Toccoa and Chestatee Ranger Districts, totaling 
                approximately 19,300 acres, known as the ``Ed Jenkins 
                National Recreation Area Cluster'', comprised of the 
                Springer Mountain, Mill Creek, and Toonowee parcels, 30 
                miles north of the town of Dahlonega, in Fannin County, 
                Dawson County, and Lumpkin County.
                    (G) Gainesville ridges cluster.--Certain land in 
                the Chattahoochee National Forest, Chattooga Ranger 
                District, totaling approximately 14,200 acres, known as 
                the ``Gainesville Ridges Cluster'', comprised of 3 
                parcels known as ``Panther Creek'', ``Tugaloo 
                Uplands'', and ``Middle Fork Broad River'', 
                approximately 10 miles from the town of Toccoa, in 
                Habersham County and Stephens County.
                    (H) Northern blue ridge cluster, georgia areas.--
                Certain land in the Chattahoochee National Forest, 
                Brasstown and Tallulah Ranger Districts, totaling 
                approximately 46,000 acres, known as the ``Northern 
                Blue Ridge Cluster, Georgia Areas'', comprised of 8 
                areas known as ``Andrews Cove'', ``Anna Ruby Falls 
                Scenic Area Extension'', ``High Shoals'', ``Tray 
                Mountain Extension'', ``Kelly Ridge-Moccasin Creek'', 
                ``Buzzard Knob'', ``Southern Nantahala Extension'', and 
                ``Patterson Gap'', approximately 5 to 15 miles north of 
                Helen, 5 to 15 miles southeast of Hiawassee, north of 
                Clayton, and west of Dillard, in White County, Towns 
                County, and Rabun County.
                    (I) Rich mountain cluster.--Certain land in the 
                Chattahoochee National Forest, Toccoa Ranger District, 
                totaling approximately 9,500 acres, known as the ``Rich 
                Mountain Cluster'', comprised of the parcels known as 
                ``Rich Mountain Extension'' and ``Rocky Mountain'', 
                located 10 to 15 miles northeast of the town of 
                Ellijay, in Gilmer County and Fannin County.
                    (J) Wilderness heartlands cluster, georgia areas.--
                Certain land in the Chattahoochee National Forest, 
                Chestatee, Brasstown and Chattooga Ranger Districts, 
                totaling approximately 16,500 acres, known as the 
                ``Wilderness Heartlands Cluster, Georgia Areas'', 
                comprised of 4 parcels known as the ``Blood Mountain 
                Extensions'', ``Raven Cliffs Extensions'', ``Mark Trail 
                Extensions'', and ``Brasstown Extensions'', near the 
                towns of Dahlonega, Cleveland, Helen, and Blairsville, 
                in Lumpkin County, Union County, White County, and 
                Towns County.
            (8) Idaho.--
                    (A) Cove/mallard.--Certain land in the Nez Perce 
                National Forest, totaling approximately 94,000 acres, 
                located approximately 30 miles southwest of the town of 
                Elk City, and west of the town of Dixie, in the area 
                generally known as ``Cove/Mallard''.
                    (B) Meadow creek.--Certain land in the Nez Perce 
                National Forest, totaling approximately 180,000 acres, 
                located approximately 8 miles east of the town of Elk 
                City in the area generally known as ``Meadow Creek''.
                    (C) French creek/patrick butte.--Certain land in 
                the Payette National Forest, totaling approximately 
                141,000 acres, located approximately 20 miles north of 
                the town of McCall in the area generally known as 
                ``French Creek/Patrick Butte''.
            (9) Illinois.--
                    (A) Cripps bend.--Certain land in the Shawnee 
                National Forest, totaling approximately 39 acres, 
                located in Jackson County in the Big Muddy River 
                watershed, in the area generally known as ``Cripps 
                Bend''.
                    (B) Opportunity area 6.--Certain land in the 
                Shawnee National Forest, totaling approximately 50,000 
                acres, located in northern Pope County surrounding Bell 
                Smith Springs Natural Area, in the area generally known 
                as ``Opportunity Area 6''.
                    (C) Quarrel creek.--Certain land in the Shawnee 
                National Forest, totaling approximately 490 acres, 
                located in northern Pope County in the Quarrel Creek 
                watershed, in the area generally known as ``Quarrel 
                Creek''.
            (10) Michigan: trap hills.--Certain land in the Ottawa 
        National Forest, Bergland Ranger District, totaling 
        approximately 37,120 acres, known as the ``Trap Hills'', 
        located approximately 5 miles from the town of Bergland, in 
        Ontonagon County.
            (11) Minnesota.--
                    (A) Trout lake and suomi hills.--Certain land in 
                the Chippewa National Forest, totaling approximately 
                12,000 acres, known as ``Trout Lake/Suomi Hills'' in 
                Itasca County.
                    (B) Lullaby white pine reserve.--Certain land in 
                the Superior National Forest, Gunflint Ranger District, 
                totaling approximately 2,518 acres, in the South Brule 
                Opportunity Area, northwest of Grand Marais in Cook 
                County, known as the ``Lullaby White Pine Reserve''.
            (12) Missouri: eleven point-big springs area.--Certain land 
        in the Mark Twain National Forest, Eleven Point Ranger 
        District, totaling approximately 200,000 acres, comprised of 
        the administrative area of the Eleven Point Ranger District, 
        known as the ``Eleven Point-Big Springs Area''.
            (13) Montana: mount bushnell.--Certain land in the Lolo 
        National Forest, totaling approximately 41,000 acres, located 
        approximately 5 miles southwest of the town of Thompson Falls 
        in the area generally known as ``Mount Bushnell''.
            (14) New mexico.--
                    (A) Angostura.--Certain land in the eastern half of 
                the Carson National Forest, Camino Real Ranger 
                District, totaling approximately 10,000 acres, located 
                in Township 21, Ranges 12 and 13, known as 
                ``Angostura'', and bounded--
                            (i) on the northeast, by Highway 518;
                            (ii) on the southeast, by the Angostura 
                        Creek watershed boundary;
                            (iii) on the southern side, by Trail 19 and 
                        the Pecos Wilderness; and
                            (iv) on the west, by the Agua Piedra Creek 
                        watershed.
                    (B) La manga.--Certain land in the western half of 
                the Carson National Forest, El Rito Ranger District, at 
                the Vallecitos Sustained Yield Unit, totaling 
                approximately 5,400 acres, known as ``La Manga'', in 
                Township 27, Range 6, and bounded--
                            (i) on the north, by the Tierra Amarilla 
                        Land Grant;
                            (ii) on the south, by Canada Escondida;
                            (iii) on the west, by the Sustained Yield 
                        Unit boundary and the Tierra Amarilla Land 
                        Grant; and
                            (iv) on the east, by the Rio Vallecitos.
                    (C) Elk mountain.--Certain land in the Santa Fe 
                National Forest, totaling approximately 7,220 acres, 
                known as ``Elk Mountain'' located in Townships 17 and 
                18 and Ranges 12 and 13, and bounded--
                            (i) on the north, by the Pecos Wilderness;
                            (ii) on the east, by the Cow Creek 
                        Watershed;
                            (iii) on the west, by the Cow Creek; and
                            (iv) on the south, by Rito de la Osha.
                    (D) Jemez highlands.--Certain land in the Jemez 
                Ranger District of the Santa Fe National Forest, 
                totaling approximately 54,400 acres, known as the 
                ``Jemez Highlands'', located primarily in Sandoval 
                County.
            (15) North carolina.--
                    (A) Central nantahala cluster, north carolina 
                areas.--Certain land in the Nantahala National Forest, 
                Tusquitee, Cheoah, and Wayah Ranger Districts, totaling 
                approximately 107,000 acres, known as the ``Central 
                Nantahala Cluster, North Carolina Areas'', comprised of 
                9 parcels known as ``Tusquitee Bald'', ``Shooting Creek 
                Bald'', ``Cheoah Bald'', ``Piercy Bald'', ``Wesser 
                Bald'', ``Tellico Bald'', ``Split White Oak'', ``Siler 
                Bald'', and ``Southern Nantahala Extensions'', near the 
                towns of Murphy, Franklin, Bryson City, Andrews, and 
                Beechertown, in Cherokee County, Macon County, Clay 
                County, and Swain County.
                    (B) Chattooga watershed cluster, north carolina 
                areas.--Certain land in the Nantahala National Forest, 
Highlands Ranger District, totaling approximately 8,000 acres, known as 
the ``Chattooga Watershed Cluster, North Carolina Areas'', comprised of 
the Overflow (Blue Valley) and Terrapin Mountain parcels, 5 miles from 
the town of Highlands, in Macon County and Jackson County.
                    (C) Tennessee border cluster, north carolina 
                areas.--Certain land in the Nantahala National Forest, 
                Tusquitee and Cheoah Ranger Districts, totaling 
                approximately 28,000 acres, known as the ``Tennessee 
                Border Cluster, North Carolina Areas'', comprised of 
                the 4 parcels known as the ``Unicoi Mountains'', 
                ``Deaden Tree'', ``Snowbird'', and ``Joyce Kilmer-
                Slickrock Extension'', near the towns of Murphy and 
                Robbinsville, in Cherokee County and Graham County.
                    (D) Bald mountains.--Certain land in the Pisgah 
                National Forest, French Broad Ranger District, totaling 
                approximately 13,000 acres known as the ``Bald 
                Mountains'', located 12 miles northeast of the town of 
                Hot Springs, in Madison County.
                    (E) Big ivy tract.--Certain land in the Pisgah 
                National Forest, totaling approximately 14,000 acres, 
                located approximately 15 miles west of Mount Mitchell 
                in the area generally known as the ``Big Ivy Tract''.
                    (F) Black mountains cluster, north carolina 
                areas.--Certain land in the Pisgah National Forest, 
                Toecane and Grandfather Ranger Districts, totaling 
                approximately 62,000 acres, known as the ``Black 
                Mountains Cluster, North Carolina Areas'', comprised of 
                5 parcels known as ``Craggy Mountains'', ``Black 
                Mountains'', ``Jarrett Creek'', ``Mackey Mountain'', 
                and ``Woods Mountain'', near the towns of Burnsville, 
                Montreat and Marion, in Buncombe County, Yancey County, 
                and McDowell County.
                    (G) Linville cluster.--Certain land in the Pisgah 
                National Forest, Grandfather District, totaling 
                approximately 42,000 acres, known as the ``Linville 
                Cluster'', comprised of 7 parcels known as ``Dobson 
                Knob'', ``Linville Gorge Extension'', ``Steels Creek'', 
                ``Sugar Knob'', ``Harper Creek'', ``Lost Cove'', and 
                ``Upper Wilson Creek'', near the towns of Marion, 
                Morgantown, Spruce Pine, Linville, and Blowing Rock, in 
                Burke County, McDowell County, Avery County, and 
                Caldwell County.
                    (H) Nolichucky, north carolina area.--Certain land 
                in the Pisgah National Forest, Toecane Ranger District, 
                totaling approximately 4,000 acres, known as the 
                ``Nolichucky, North Carolina Area'', located 25 miles 
                northwest of Burnsville, in Mitchell County and Yancey 
                County.
                    (I) Pisgah cluster, north carolina areas.--Certain 
                land in the Pisgah National Forest, Pisgah Ranger 
                District, totaling approximately 52,000 acres, known as 
                the ``Pisgah Cluster, North Carolina Areas'', comprised 
                of 5 parcels known as ``Shining Rock and Middle Prong 
                Extensions'', ``Daniel Ridge'', ``Cedar Rock 
                Mountain'', ``South Mills River'', and ``Laurel 
                Mountain'', 5 to 12 miles north of the town of Brevard 
                and southwest of the city of Asheville, in Haywood 
                County, Transylvania County, and Henderson County.
                    (J) Wildcat.--Certain land in the Pisgah National 
                Forest, French Broad Ranger District, totaling 
                approximately 6,500 acres, known as ``Wildcat'', 
                located 20 miles northwest of the town of Canton, in 
                Haywood County.
            (16) Ohio.--
                    (A) Archers fork complex.--Certain land in the 
                Marietta Unit of the Athens Ranger District, in the 
                Wayne National Forest, in Washington County, known as 
                ``Archers Fork Complex'', totaling approximately 18,350 
                acres, located northeast of Newport and bounded--
                            (i) on the northwest, by State Highway 26;
                            (ii) on the northeast, by State Highway 
                        260;
                            (iii) on the southeast, by the Ohio River; 
                        and
                            (iv) on the southwest, by Bear Run and 
                        Danas Creek.
                    (B) Bluegrass ridge.--Certain land in the Ironton 
                Ranger District on the Wayne National Forest, in 
                Lawrence County, known as ``Bluegrass Ridge'', totaling 
                approximately 4,000 acres, located 3 miles east of Etna 
                in Township 4 North, Range 17 West, Sections 19 through 
                23 and 27 through 30.
                    (C) Buffalo creek.--Certain land in the Ironton 
                Ranger District of the Wayne National Forest, Lawrence 
                County, Ohio, known as ``Buffalo Creek'', totaling 
                approximately 6500 acres, located 4 miles northwest of 
                Waterloo in Township 5 North, Ranger 17 West, sections 
                3 through 10 and 15 through 18.
                    (D) Lake vesuvius.--Certain land in the Ironton 
                Ranger District of the Wayne National Forest, in 
                Lawrence County, totaling approximately 4,900 acres, 
                generally known as ``Lake Vesuvius'', located to the 
                east of Etna in Township 2 North, Range 18 West, and 
                bounded--
                            (i) on the southwest, by State Highway 93; 
                        and
                            (ii) on the northwest, by State Highway 4.
                    (E) Morgan sisters.--Certain land in the Ironton 
                Ranger District of the Wayne National Forest, in 
                Lawrence County, known as ``Morgan Sisters'', totaling 
                approximately 2,500 acres, located 1 mile east of 
                Gallia and bounded by State Highway 233 in Township 6 
                North, Range 17 West, sections 13, 14, 23 and 24 
and Township 5 North, Range 16 West, sections 18 and 19.
                    (F) Utah ridge.--Certain land in the Athens Ranger 
                District of the Wayne National Forest, in Athens 
                County, known as ``Utah Ridge'', totaling approximately 
                9,000 acres, located 1 mile northwest of Chauncey and 
                bounded--
                            (i) on the southeast, by State Highway 682 
                        and State Highway 13;
                            (ii) on the southwest, by US Highway 33 and 
                        State Highway 216; and
                            (iii) on the north, by State Highway 665.
                    (G) Wildcat hollow.--Certain land in the Athens 
                Ranger District of the Wayne National Forest, in Perry 
                County and Morgan County, known as ``Wildcat Hollow'', 
                totaling approximately 4,500 acres, located 1 mile east 
                of Corning in Township 12 North, Range 14 West, 
                sections 1, 2, 11-14, 23 and 24 and Township 8 North, 
                Range 13 West, sections 7, 18, and 19.
            (17) Oklahoma: cow creek drainage, oklahoma.--Certain land 
        in the Ouachita National Forest, Mena Ranger District, in Le 
        Flore County, totaling approximately 3,000 acres, known as 
        ``Cow Creek Drainage, Oklahoma'', and bounded approximately--
                    (A) on the west, by the Beech Creek National Scenic 
                Area;
                    (B) on the north, by State Highway 63;
                    (C) on the east, by the Arkansas-Oklahoma border; 
                and
                    (D) on the south, by County Road 9038 on the south.
            (18) Oregon: applegate wilderness.--Certain land in the 
        Siskiyou National Forest and Rogue River National Forest, 
        totaling approximately 20,000 acres, approximately 20 miles 
        southwest of the town of Grants Pass and 10 miles south of the 
        town of Williams, in the area generally known as the 
        ``Applegate Wilderness''.
            (19) Pennsylvania.--
                    (A) The bear creek special area.--Certain land in 
                the Allegheny National Forest, Marienville Ranger 
                District, Elk County, totaling approximately 7,800 
                acres, and comprised of Allegheny National Forest land 
                bounded--
                            (i) on the west, by Forest Service Road 
                        136;
                            (ii) on the north, by Forest Service Roads 
                        339 and 237;
                            (iii) on the east, by Forest Service Road 
                        143; and
                            (iv) on the south, by Forest Service Road 
                        135.
                    (B) The bogus rocks special area.--Certain land in 
                the Allegheny National Forest, Marienville Ranger 
                District, Forest County, totaling approximately 1,015 
                acres, and comprised of Allegheny National Forest land 
                in compartment 714 bounded--
                            (i) on the northeast and east, by State 
                        Route 948;
                            (ii) on the south, by State Route 66;
                            (iii) 0n the southwest and west, by 
                        Township Road 370;
                            (iv) on the northwest, by Forest Service 
                        Road 632; and
                            (v) on the north, by a pipeline.
                    (C) The chappel fork special area.--Certain land in 
                the Allegheny National Forest, Bradford Ranger 
                District, McKean County, totaling approximately 10,000 
                acres, and comprised of Allegheny National Forest land 
                bounded--
                            (i) on the south and southeast, by State 
                        Road 321;
                            (ii) on the south, by Chappel Bay;
                            (iii) on the west, by the Allegheny 
                        Reservoir;
                            (iv) on the north, by State Route 59; and
                            (v) on the east, by private land.
                    (D) The fools creek special area.--Certain land in 
                the Allegheny National Forest, Bradford Ranger 
                District, Warren County, totaling approximately 1,500 
                acres, and comprised of Allegheny National Forest land 
                south and west of Forest Service Road 255 and west of 
                FR 255A, bounded--
                            (i) on the west, by Minister Road; and
                            (ii) on the south, by private land.
                    (E) The hickory creek special area.--Certain land 
                in the Allegheny National Forest, Bradford Ranger 
                District, Warren County, totaling approximately 2,000 
                acres, and comprised of Allegheny National Forest land 
                bounded--
                            (i) on the east and northeast, by Heart's 
                        Content Road;
                            (ii) on the south, by Hickory Creek 
                        Wilderness Area;
                            (iii) on the northwest, by private land; 
                        and
                            (iv) on the north, by Allegheny Front 
                        National Recreation Area.
                    (F) The lamentation run special area.--Certain land 
                in the Allegheny National Forest, Marienville Ranger 
                District, Forest County, totaling approximately 4,500 
                acres, and--
                            (i) comprised of Allegheny National Forest 
                        land bounded--
                                    (I) on the north, by Tionesta 
                                Creek;
                                    (II) on the east, by Salmon Creek;
                                    (III) on the southeast and 
                                southwest, by private land; and
                                    (IV) on the south, by Forest 
                                Service Road 210; and
                            (ii) including the lower reaches of Bear 
                        Creek.
                    (G) The lewis run special area.--Certain land in 
                the Allegheny National Forest, Bradford Ranger 
                District, McKean County, totaling approximately 500 
                acres, and comprised of Allegheny National Forest land 
                north and east of Forest Service Road 312.3, including 
                land known as the ``Lewis Run Natural Area'' and 
                consisting of land within Compartment 466, Stands 1-3, 
                5-8, 10-14, and 18-27.
                    (H) The mill creek special area.--Certain land in 
                the Allegheny National Forest, Marienville Ranger 
                District, Elk County, totaling approximately 2,000 
                acres, and comprised of Allegheny National Forest land 
                within a 1-mile radius of the confluence of Red Mill 
                Run and Big Mill Creek and known as the ``Mill Creek 
                Natural Area''.
                    (I) The millstone creek special area.--Certain land 
                in the Allegheny National Forest, Marienville Ranger 
                District, Forest County, totaling approximately 30,000 
                acres, and comprised of Allegheny National Forest land 
                bounded--
                            (i) on the north, by State Route 66;
                            (ii) on the northeast, by Forest Service 
                        Road 226;
                            (iii) on the east, by Forest Service Roads 
                        130, 774, and 228;
                            (iv) on the southeast, by State Road 3002 
                        and Forest Service Road 189;
                            (v) on the south, by the Clarion River; and
                            (vi) on the southwest, west, and northwest, 
                        by private land.
                    (J) The minister creek special area.--Certain land 
                in the Allegheny National Forest, Bradford Ranger 
                District, Warren County, totalling approximately 6,600 
                acres, and comprised of Allegheny National Forest land 
                bounded--
                            (i) on the north, by a snowmobile trail;
                            (ii) on the east, by Minister Road;
                            (iii) on the south, by State Route 666 and 
                        private land;
                            (iv) on the southwest, by Forest Service 
                        Road 420; and
                            (v) on the west, by warrants 3109 and 3014.
                    (K) The muzette special area.--Certain land in the 
                Allegheny National Forest, Marienville Ranger District, 
                Forest County, totaling approximately 325 acres, and 
                comprised of Allegheny National Forest land bounded--
                            (i) on the west, by 79 deg.16' longitude, 
                        approximately;
                            (ii) on the north, by Forest Service Road 
                        561;
                            (iii) on the east, by Forest Service Road 
                        212; and
                            (iv) on the south, by private land.
                    (L) The sugar run special area.--Certain land in 
                the Allegheny National Forest, Bradford Ranger 
                District, McKean County, totaling approximately 8,800 
                acres, and comprised of Allegheny National Forest land 
                bounded--
                            (i) on the north, by State Route 346 and 
                        private land;
                            (ii) on the east, by Forest Service Road 
                        137; and
                            (iii) on the south and west, by State Route 
                        321.
                    (M) The tionesta special area.--Certain land in the 
                Allegheny National Forest, Bradford and Marienville 
                Ranger Districts, Elk, Forest, McKean, and Warren 
                Counties, totalling approximately 27,000 acres, and 
                comprised of Allegheny National Forest land bounded--
                            (i) on the west, by private land and State 
                        Route 948;
                            (ii) on the northwest, by Forest Service 
                        Road 258;
                            (iii) on the north, by Hoffman Farm 
                        Recreation Area and Forest Service Road 486;
                            (iv) on the northeast, by private land and 
                        State Route 6;
                            (v) on the east, by private land south to 
                        Forest Road 133, then by snowmobile trail from 
                        Forest Road 133 to Windy City, then by private 
                        land and Forest Road 327 to Russell City; and
                            (vi) on the southwest, by State Routes 66 
                        and 948.
            (20) South carolina.--
                    (A) Big shoals, south carolina area.--Certain land 
                in the Sumter National Forest, Andrew Pickens Ranger 
                District, in Oconee County, totaling approximately 
                2,000 acres, known as ``Big Shoals, South Carolina 
                Area'', 15 miles south of Highlands, North Carolina.
                    (B) Brasstown creek, south carolina area.--Certain 
                land in the Sumter National Forest, Andrew Pickens 
                Ranger District, in Oconee County, totaling 
                approximately 3,500 acres, known as ``Brasstown Creek, 
                South Carolina Area'', approximately 15 miles west of 
                Westminster, South Carolina.
                    (C) Chauga.--Certain land in the Sumter National 
                Forest, Andrew Pickens Ranger District, in Oconee 
                County, totaling approximately 16,000 acres, known as 
                ``Chauga'', approximately 10 miles west of Walhalla, 
                South Carolina.
                    (D) Dark bottoms.--Certain land in the Sumter 
                National Forest, Andrew Pickens Ranger District, in 
                Oconee County, totaling approximately 4,000 acres, 
                known as ``Dark Bottoms'', approximately 10 miles 
northwest of Westminster, South Carolina.
                    (E) Ellicott rock extension, south carolina area.--
                Certain land in the Sumter National Forest, Andrew 
                Pickens Ranger District, in Oconee County, totaling 
                approximately 2,000 acres, known as ``Ellicott Rock 
                Extension, South Carolina Area'', located approximately 
                10 miles south of Cashiers, North Carolina.
                    (F) Five falls, south carolina area.--Certain land 
                in the Sumter National Forest, Andrew Pickens Ranger 
                District, in Oconee County, totaling approximately 
                3,500 acres, known as ``Five Falls, South Carolina 
                Area'', approximately 10 miles southeast of Clayton, 
                Georgia.
                    (G) Persimmon mountain.--Certain land in the Sumter 
                National Forest, Andrew Pickens Ranger District, in 
                Oconee County, totaling approximately 7,000 acres, 
                known as ``Persimmon Mountain'', approximately 12 miles 
                south of Cashiers, North Carolina.
                    (H) Rock gorge, south carolina area.--Certain land 
                in the Sumter National Forest, Andrew Pickens Ranger 
                District, in Oconee County, totaling approximately 
                2,000 acres, known as ``Rock Gorge, South Carolina 
                Area'', 12 miles southeast of Highlands, North 
                Carolina.
                    (I) Tamassee.--Certain land in the Sumter National 
                Forest, Andrew Pickens Ranger District, in Oconee 
                County, totaling approximately 5,500 acres, known as 
                ``Tamassee'', approximately 10 miles north of Walhalla, 
                South Carolina.
                    (J) Thrift's ferry, south carolina area.--Certain 
                land in the Sumter National Forest, Andrew Pickens 
                Ranger District, in Oconee County, totaling 
                approximately 5,000 acres, known as ``Thrift's Ferry, 
                South Carolina Area'', 10 miles east of Clayton, 
                Georgia.
            (21) South dakota.--
                    (A) Black fox area.--Certain land in the Black 
                Hills National Forest, totaling approximately 12,400 
                acres, located in the upper reaches of the Rapid Creek 
                watershed, known as the ``Black Fox Area'', and roughly 
                bounded--
                            (i) on the north, by FDR 206;
                            (ii) on the south, by the steep slopes 
                        north of Forest Road 231; and
                            (iii) on the west, by a fork of Rapid 
                        Creek.
                    (B) Breakneck area.--Certain land in the Black 
                Hills National Forest, totaling 6,700 acres, located 
                along the northeast edge of the Black Hills in the 
                vicinity of the Black Hills National Cemetery and the 
                Bureau of Land Management's Fort Meade Recreation Area, 
                known as the ``Breakneck Area'', and generally--
                            (i) bounded by Forest Roads 139 and 169 on 
                        the north, west, and south; and
                            (ii) demarcated along the eastern and 
                        western boundaries by the ridge-crests dividing 
                        the watershed.
                    (C) Norbeck preserve.--Certain land in the Black 
                Hills National Forest, totaling approximately 27,766 
                acres, known as the ``Norbeck Preserve'', and 
                encompassed approximately by a boundary that, starting 
                at the southeast corner--
                            (i) runs north along FDR 753 and United 
                        States Highway Alt. 16, then along SD 244 to 
                        the junction of Palmer Creek Road, which serves 
                        generally as a northwest limit;
                            (ii) heads south from the junction of 
                        Highways 87 and 89;
                            (iii) runs southeast along Highway 87; and
                            (iv) runs east back to FDR 753, excluding a 
                        corridor of private land along FDR 345.
                    (D) Pilger mountain area.--Certain land in the 
                Black Hills National Forest, totaling approximately 
                12,600 acres, known as the ``Pilger Mountain Area'', 
                located in the Elk Mountains on the southwest edge of 
                the Black Hills, and roughly bounded--
                            (i) on the east and northeast, by Forest 
                        Roads 318 and 319;
                            (ii) on the north and northwest, by Road 
                        312; and
                            (iii) on the southwest, by private land.
                    (E) Stagebarn canyons.--Certain land in the Black 
                Hills National Forest, known as ``Stagebarn Canyons'', 
                totaling approximately 7,300 acres, approximately 10 
miles west of Rapid City, South Dakota.
            (22) Tennessee.--
                    (A) Bald mountains cluster, tennessee areas.--
                Certain land in the Nolichucky and Unaka Ranger 
                Districts of the Cherokee National Forest, in Cocke 
                County, Green County, Washington County, and Unicoi 
                County, totaling approximately 46,133 acres, known as 
                the ``Bald Mountains Cluster, Tennessee Areas'', and 
                comprised of 10 parcels known as ``Laurel Hollow 
                Mountain'', ``Devil's Backbone'', ``Laurel Mountain'', 
                ``Walnut Mountain'', ``Wolf Creek'', ``Meadow Creek 
                Mountain'', ``Brush Creek Mountain'', ``Paint Creek'', 
                ``Bald Mountain'', and ``Sampson Mountain Extension'', 
                located near the towns of Newport, Hot Springs, 
                Greeneville, and Erwin.
                    (B) Big frog/cohutta cluster.--Certain land in the 
                Cherokee National Forest, in Polk County, Ocoee Ranger 
                District, Hiwassee Ranger District, and Tennessee 
                Ranger District, totaling approximately 28,800 acres, 
                known as the ``Big Frog/Cohutta Cluster'', comprised of 
                4 parcels known as ``Big Frog Extensions'', ``Little 
                Frog Extensions'', ``Smith Mountain'', and ``Rock 
                Creek'', located near the towns of Copperhill, 
                Ducktown, Turtletown, and Benton.
                    (C) Citico creek watershed cluster tennessee 
                areas.--Certain land in the Tellico Ranger District of 
                the Cherokee National Forest, in Monroe County, 
                totaling approximately 14,256 acres, known as the 
                ``Citico Creek Watershed Cluster, Tennessee Areas'', 
                comprised of 4 parcels known as ``Flats Mountain'', 
                ``Miller Ridge'', ``Cowcamp Ridge'', and ``Joyce 
                Kilmer-Slickrock Extension'', near the town of Tellico 
                Plains.
                    (D) Iron mountains cluster.--Certain land in the 
                Cherokee National Forest, Watauga Ranger District, 
                totaling approximately 58,090 acres, known as the 
                ``Iron Mountains Cluster'', comprised of 8 parcels 
                known as ``Big Laurel Branch Addition'', ``Hickory Flat 
                Branch'', ``Flint Mill'', ``Lower Iron Mountain'', 
                ``Upper Iron Mountain'', ``London Bridge'', ``Beaverdam 
                Creek'', and ``Rodgers Ridge'', located near the towns 
                of Bristol and Elizabethton, in Sullivan County and 
                Johnson County.
                    (E) Northern unicoi mountains cluster.--Certain 
                land in the Tellico Ranger District of the Cherokee 
                National Forest, in Monroe County, totaling 
                approximately 30,453 acres, known as the ``Northern 
                Unicoi Mountain Cluster'', comprised of 4 parcels known 
                as ``Bald River Gorge Extension'', ``Upper Bald 
                River'', ``Sycamore Creek'', and ``Brushy Ridge'', near 
                the town of Tellico Plains.
                    (F) Roan mountain cluster.--Certain land in the 
                Cherokee National Forest, Unaka and Watauga Ranger 
                Districts, totaling approximately 23,725 acres known as 
                the ``Roan Mountain Cluster'', comprised of 7 parcels 
                known as ``Strawberry Mountain'', ``Highlands of 
                Roan'', ``Ripshin Ridge'', ``Doe River Gorge Scenic 
                Area'', ``White Rocks Mountain'', ``Slide Hollow'' and 
                ``Watauga Reserve'', approximately 8 to 20 miles south 
                of the town of Elizabethton, in Unicoi County, Carter 
                County, and Johnson County.
                    (G) Southern unicoi mountains cluster.--Certain 
                land in the Hiwassee Ranger District of the Cherokee 
                National Forest, in Polk County, Monroe County, and 
                McMinn County, totaling approximately 11,251 acres, 
                known as the ``Southern Unicoi Mountains Cluster'', 
                comprised of 3 parcels known as ``Gee Creek 
                Extension'', ``Coker Creek'', and ``Buck Bald'', near 
                the towns of Etowah, Benton, and Turtletown.
                    (H) Unaka mountains cluster, tennessee areas.--
                Certain land in the Cherokee National Forest, Unaka 
                Ranger District, totaling approximately 15,669 acres, 
                known as the ``Unaka Mountains Cluster, Tennessee 
                Areas'', comprised of 3 parcels known as 
                ``Nolichucky'', ``Unaka Mountain Extension'', and 
                ``Stone Mountain'', approximately 8 miles from Erwin, 
                in Unicoi County and Carter County.
            (23) Texas: longleaf ridge.--Certain land in the Angelina 
        National Forest, in Jasper County and Angelina County, totaling 
        approximately 30,000 acres, generally known as ``Longleaf 
        Ridge'', and bounded--
                    (A) on the west, by Upland Island Wilderness Area;
                    (B) on the south, by the Neches River; and
                    (C) on the northeast, by Sam Rayburn Reservoir.
            (24) Vermont.--
                    (A) Glastenbury area.--Certain land in the Green 
                Mountain National Forest, totaling approximately 35,000 
                acres, located 3 miles northeast of Bennington, 
                generally known as the ``Glastenbury Area'', and 
                bounded--
                            (i) on the north, by Kelly Stand Road;
                            (ii) on the east, by Forest Road 71;
                            (iii) on the south, by Route 9; and
                            (iv) on the west, by Route 7.
                    (B) Lamb brook.--Certain land in the Green Mountain 
                National Forest, totaling approximately 5,500 acres, 
                located 3 miles southwest of Wilmington, generally 
                known as ``Lamb Brook'', and bounded--
                            (i) on the west, by Route 8;
                            (ii) on the south, by Route 100;
                            (iii) on the north, by Route 9; and
                            (iv) on the east, by land owned by New 
                        England Power Company.
                    (C) Robert frost mountain area.--Certain land in 
                the Green Mountain National Forest, totaling 
                approximately 8,500 acres, known as ``Robert Frost 
Mountain Area'', located northeast of Middlebury, consisting of the 
Forest Service land bounded--
                            (i) on the west, by Route 116;
                            (ii) on the north, by Bristol Notch Road;
                            (iii) on the east, by Lincoln/Ripton Road; 
                        and
                            (iv) on the south, by Route 125.
            (25) Virginia.--
                    (A) Bear creek.--Certain land in the Jefferson 
                National Forest, Wythe Ranger District, known as ``Bear 
                Creek'', north of Rural Retreat, in Smyth County and 
                Wythe County.
                    (B) Cave springs.--Certain land in the Jefferson 
                National Forest, Clinch Ranger District, totaling 
                approximately 3,000 acres, known as ``Cave Springs'', 
                between State Route 621 and the North Fork of the 
                Powell River, in Lee County.
                    (C) Dismal creek.--Certain land totaling 
                approximately 6,000 acres, in the Jefferson National 
                Forest, Blacksburg Ranger District, known as ``Dismal 
                Creek'', north of State Route 42, in Giles County and 
                Bland County.
                    (D) Stone coal creek.--Certain land in the 
                Jefferson National Forest, New Castle Ranger District, 
                totaling approximately 2,000 acres, known as ``Stone 
                Coal Creek'', in Craig County and Botentourt County.
                    (E) White oak ridge: terrapin mountain.--Certain 
                land in the Glenwood Ranger District of the Jefferson 
                National Forest, known as ``White Oak Ridge--Terrapin 
                Mountain'', totaling approximately 8,000 acres, east of 
                the Blue Ridge Parkway, in Botentourt County and 
                Rockbridge County.
                    (F) Whitetop mountain.--Certain land in the 
                Jefferson National Forest, Mt. Rodgers Recreation Area, 
                totaling 3,500 acres, known as ``Whitetop Mountain'', 
                in Washington County, Smyth County, and Grayson County.
                    (G) Wilson mountain.--Certain land known as 
                ``Wilson Mountain'', in the Jefferson National Forest, 
                Glenwood Ranger District, totaling approximately 5,100 
                acres, east of Interstate 81, in Botentourt County and 
                Rockbridge County.
                    (H) Feathercamp.--Certain land in the Mt. Rodgers 
                Recreation Area of the Jefferson National Forest, 
                totaling 4,974 acres, known as ``Feathercamp'', located 
                northeast of the town of Damascus and north of State 
                Route 58 on the Feathercamp ridge, in Washington 
                County.
            (26) Wisconsin.--
                    (A) Flynn lake.--Certain land in the Chequamegon-
                Nicolet National Forest, Washburn Ranger District, 
                totaling approximately 5,700 acres, known as ``Flynn 
                Lake'', in the Flynn Lake semi-primitive nonmotorized 
                area, in Bayfield County.
                    (B) Ghost lake cluster.--Certain land in the 
                Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest, Great Divide 
                Ranger District, totaling approximately 6,000 acres, 
                known as ``Ghost Lake Cluster'', including 5 parcels 
                known as ``Ghost Lake'', ``Perch Lake'', ``Lower Teal 
                River'', ``Foo Lake'', and ``Bulldog Springs'', in 
                Sawyer County.
                    (C) Lake owens cluster.--Certain land in the 
                Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest, Great Divide and 
                Washburn Ranger Districts, totaling approximately 3,600 
                acres, known as ``Lake Owens Cluster'', comprised of 
                parcels known as ``Lake Owens'', ``Eighteenmile 
                Creek'', ``Northeast Lake'', and ``Sugarbush Lake'', in 
                Bayfield County.
                    (D) Medford cluster.--Certain land in the 
                Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest, Medford-Park Falls 
                Ranger District, totaling approximately 23,000 acres, 
                known as the ``Medford Cluster'', comprised of 12 
                parcels known as ``County E Hardwoods'', ``Silver 
                Creek/Mondeaux River Bottoms'', ``Lost Lake Esker'', 
                ``North and South Fork Yellow Rivers'', ``Bear Creek'', 
                ``Brush Creek'', ``Chequamegon Waters'', ``John's and 
                Joseph Creeks'', ``Hay Creek Pine-Flatwoods'', ``558 
                Hardwoods'', ``Richter Lake'', and ``Lower Yellow 
                River'', in Taylor County.
                    (E) Park falls cluster.--Certain land in the 
                Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest, Medford-Park Falls 
                Ranger District, totaling approximately 23,000 acres, 
                known as ``Park Falls Cluster'', comprised of 11 
                parcels known as ``Sixteen Lakes'', ``Chippewa Trail'', 
                ``Tucker and Amik Lakes'', ``Lower Rice Creek'', 
                ``Doering Tract'', ``Foulds Creek'', ``Bootjack 
                Conifers'', ``Pond'', ``Mud and Riley Lake Peatlands'', 
                ``Little Willow Drumlin'', and ``Elk River'', in Price 
                County and Vilas County.
                    (F) Penokee mountain cluster.--Certain land in the 
                Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest, Great Divide 
                Ranger District, totaling approximately 23,000 acres, 
                known as ``Penokee Mountain Cluster'', comprised of--
                            (i) the Marengo River and Brunsweiler River 
                        semi-primitive nonmotorized areas; and
                            (ii) parcels known as ``St. Peters Dome'', 
                        ``Brunsweiler River Gorge'', ``Lake Three'', 
                        ``Hell Hole Creek'', and ``North Country Trail 
                        Hardwoods'', in Ashland County and Bayfield 
                        County.
                    (G) Southeast great divide cluster.--Certain land 
                in the Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest, Medford 
                Park Falls Ranger District, totaling approximately 
                25,000 acres, known as the ``Southeast Great Divide 
                Cluster'', comprised of parcels known as ``Snoose 
                Lake'', ``Cub Lake'', ``Springbrook Hardwoods'', 
                ``Upper Moose River'', ``East Fork Chippewa River'', 
                ``Upper Torch River'', ``Venison Creek'', ``Upper 
                Brunet River'', ``Bear Lake Slough'', and ``Noname 
Lake'', in Ashland County and Sawyer County.
                    (H) Diamond roof cluster.--Certain land in the 
                Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest, Lakewood-Laona 
                Ranger District, totaling approximately 6,000 acres, 
                known as ``Diamond Roof Cluster'', comprised of 4 
                parcels known as ``McCaslin Creek'', ``Ada Lake'', 
                ``Section 10 Lake'', and ``Diamond Roof'', in Forest 
                County, Langlade County, and Oconto County.
                    (I) Argonne forest cluster.--Certain land in the 
                Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest, Eagle River-
                Florence Ranger District, totaling approximately 12,000 
                acres, known as ``Argonne Forest Cluster'', comprised 
                of parcels known as ``Argonne Experimental Forest'', 
                ``Scott Creek'', ``Atkins Lake'', and ``Island Swamp'', 
                in Forest County.
                    (J) Bonita grade.--Certain land in the Chequamegon-
                Nicolet National Forest, Lakewood-Laona Ranger 
                District, totaling approximately 1,200 acres, known as 
                ``Bonita Grade'', comprised of parcels known as 
                ``Mountain Lakes'', ``Temple Lake'', ``Second South 
                Branch'', ``First South Branch'', and ``South Branch 
                Oconto River'', in Langlade County.
                    (K) Franklin and butternut lakes cluster.--Certain 
                land in the Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest, Eagle 
                River-Florence Ranger District, totaling approximately 
                12,000 acres, known as ``Franklin and Butternut Lakes 
                Cluster'', comprised of 8 parcels known as ``Bose Lake 
                Hemlocks'', ``Luna White Deer'', ``Echo Lake'', 
                ``Franklin and Butternut Lakes'', ``Wolf Lake'', 
                ``Upper Ninemile'', ``Meadow'', and ``Bailey Creeks'', 
                in Forest County and Oneida County.
                    (L) Lauterman lake and kieper creek.--Certain land 
                in the Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest, Eagle 
                River-Florence Ranger District, totaling approximately 
                2,500 acres, known as ``Lauterman Lake and Kieper 
                Creek'', in Florence County.
            (27) Wyoming: sand creek area.--
                    (A) In general.--Certain land in the Black Hills 
                National Forest, totaling approximately 8,300 acres 
                known as the ``Sand Creek area'', located in Crook 
                County, in the far northwest corner of the Black Hills.
                    (B) Boundary.--Beginning in the northwest corner 
                and proceeding counterclockwise, the boundary for the 
                Sand Creek Area roughly follows--
                            (i) forest Roads 863, 866, 866.1B;
                            (ii) a line linking forest roads 866.1B and 
                        802.1B;
                            (iii) forest road 802.1B;
                            (iv) forest road 802.1;
                            (v) an unnamed road;
                            (vi) Spotted Tail Creek (excluding all 
                        private land);
                            (vii) forest road 829.1;
                            (viii) a line connecting forest roads 829.1 
                        and 864;
                            (ix) forest road 852.1; and
                            (x) a line connecting forest roads 852.1 
                        and 863.
    (d) Committee of Scientists.--
            (1) Establishment.--The Secretaries concerned shall appoint 
        a committee consisting of scientists who--
                    (A) are not officers or employees of the Federal 
                Government;
                    (B) are not officers or employees of any entity 
                engaged in whole or in part in the production of wood 
                or wood products; and
                    (C) have not contracted with or represented any 
                entity described in subparagraph (A) or (B) in a period 
                beginning 5 years before the date on which the 
                scientist is appointed to the committee.
            (2) Recommendations for additional special areas.--Not 
        later than 2 years of the date of the enactment of this Act, 
        the committee shall provide Congress with recommendations for 
        additional special areas.
            (3) Candidate areas.--Candidate areas for recommendation as 
        additional special areas shall have outstanding biological 
        values that are exemplary on a local, regional, and national 
        level, including the presence of--
                    (A) threatened or endangered species of plants or 
                animals;
                    (B) rare or endangered ecosystems;
                    (C) key habitats necessary for the recovery of 
                endangered or threatened species;
                    (D) recovery or restoration areas of rare or 
                underrepresented forest ecosystems;
                    (E) migration corridors;
                    (F) areas of outstanding biodiversity;
                    (G) old growth forests;
                    (H) commercial fisheries; and
                    (I) sources of clean water such as key watersheds.
            (4) Governing principle--The committee shall adhere to the 
        principles of conservation biology in identifying special areas 
        based on biological values.

SEC. 204. RESTRICTIONS ON MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES IN ANCIENT FORESTS, 
              ROADLESS AREAS, WATERSHED PROTECTION AREAS, AND SPECIAL 
              AREAS.

    (a) Restriction of Management Activities in Ancient Forests.--On 
Federal land located in Ancient forests--
            (1) no roads shall be constructed or reconstructed;
            (2) no extractive logging shall be permitted; and
            (3) no improvements for the purpose of extractive logging 
        shall be permitted.
    (b) Restriction of Management Activities in Roadless Areas.--On 
Federal land located in roadless areas (except military 
installations)--
            (1) no roads shall be constructed or reconstructed;
            (2) no extractive logging shall be permitted except of non-
        native invasive tree species, in which case the limitations on 
        logging in title I shall apply; and
            (3) no improvements for the purpose of extractive logging 
        shall be permitted.
    (c) Restriction of Management Activities in Watershed Protection 
Areas.--On Federal land located in watershed protection areas--
            (1) no roads shall be constructed or reconstructed;
            (2) no extractive logging shall be permitted except of non-
        native invasive tree species, in which case the limitations on 
        logging in title I shall apply; and
            (3) no improvements for the purpose of extractive logging 
        shall be permitted.
    (d) Restriction of Management Activities in Special Areas.--On 
Federal land located in special areas--
            (1) no roads shall be constructed or reconstructed;
            (2) no extractive logging shall be permitted except of non-
        native invasive tree species, in which case the limitations on 
        logging in title I shall apply; and
            (3) no improvements for the purpose of extractive logging 
        shall be permitted.
    (e) Maintenance of Existing Roads.--
            (1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), the 
        restrictions described in subsection (a) shall not prohibit the 
        maintenance of an improved road, or any road accessing private 
        inholdings.
            (2) Abandoned roads.--Any road that the Secretary 
        determines to have been abandoned before the date of enactment 
        of this Act shall not be maintained or reconstructed.
    (f) Enforcement.--
            (1) Finding.--Congress finds that all people of the United 
        States are injured by actions on land to which this section 
        applies.
            (2) Purpose.--The purpose of this subsection is to foster 
        the widest possible enforcement of this section.
            (3) Federal enforcement.--The Secretary and the Attorney 
        General of the United States shall enforce this section against 
        any person that violates this section.
            (4) Citizen suits.--
                    (A) In general.--A citizen harmed by a violation of 
                this section may enforce this section by bringing a 
                civil action for a declaratory judgment, a temporary 
                restraining order, an injunction, statutory damages, or 
                other remedy against any alleged violator, including 
                the United States, in any district court of the United 
                States.
                    (B) Judicial relief.--If a district court of the 
                United States determines that a violation of this 
                section has occurred, the district court--
                            (i) shall impose a damage award of not less 
                        than $5,000;
                            (ii) may issue 1 or more injunctions or 
                        other forms of equitable relief; and
                            (iii) shall award to each prevailing party 
                        the reasonable costs of bringing the action, 
                        including attorney's fees, witness fees, and 
                        other necessary expenses.
                    (C) Standard of proof.--The standard of proof in 
                all actions under this paragraph shall be the 
                preponderance of the evidence.
                    (D) Trial.--A trial for any action under this 
                section shall be de novo.
                    (E) Payment of damages.--
                            (i) Non-federal violator.--A damage award 
                        under subparagraph (B)(i) shall be paid by a 
                        non-Federal violator or violators designated by 
                        the court to the Treasury.
                            (ii) Federal violator.--
                                    (I) In general.--Not later than 40 
                                days after the date on which judgment 
                                is rendered, a damage award under 
                                subparagraph (B)(i) for which the 
                                United States is determined to be 
                                liable shall be paid from the Treasury, 
                                as provided under section 1304 of title 
                                31, United States Code, to the person 
                                or persons designated to receive the 
                                damage award.
                                    (II) Use of damage award.--A damage 
                                award described under subclause (I) 
                                shall be used by the recipient to 
                                protect or restore native biodiversity 
                                on Federal land or on land adjoining 
                                Federal land.
                                    (III) Court costs.--Any award of 
                                costs of litigation and any award of 
                                attorney fees shall be paid by a 
                                Federal violator not later than 40 days 
                                after the date on which judgment is 
                                rendered.
            (5) Waiver of sovereign immunity.--
                    (A) In general.--The United States (including 
                agents and employees of the United States) waives its 
                sovereign immunity in all respects in all actions under 
                this section.
                    (B) Notice.--No notice is required to enforce this 
                subsection.

                       TITLE III--EFFECTIVE DATE

SEC. 301. EFFECTIVE DATE.

    This Act and the amendments made by this Act take effect on the 
date of enactment of this Act.

SEC. 302. EFFECT ON EXISTING CONTRACTS.

    This Act and the amendments made by this Act shall not apply to any 
contract for the sale of timber that was entered into on or before the 
date of enactment of this Act.

SEC. 303. WILDERNESS ACT EXCLUSION.

    This Act and the amendments made by this Act shall not apply to any 
Federal wilderness area designated under the Wilderness Act (16 U.S.C. 
1131 et seq.).
                                 <all>