[Congressional Bills 108th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 1194 Reported in Senate (RS)]






                                                       Calendar No. 321
108th CONGRESS
  1st Session
                                S. 1194

  To foster local collaborations which will ensure that resources are 
   effectively and efficiently used within the criminal and juvenile 
                            justice systems.


_______________________________________________________________________


                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                              June 5, 2003

  Mr. DeWine (for himself, Mr. Leahy, Mr. Grassley, Ms. Cantwell, Mr. 
  Domenici, Mr. Hatch, and Mr. Durbin) introduced the following bill; 
  which was read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary

                            October 23, 2003

                Reported by Mr. Hatch, with an amendment
 [Strike out all after the enacting clause and insert the part printed 
                               in italic]

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
  To foster local collaborations which will ensure that resources are 
   effectively and efficiently used within the criminal and juvenile 
                            justice systems.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

<DELETED>SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    This Act may be cited as the ``Mentally Ill Offender 
Treatment and Crime Reduction Act of 2003''.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 2. FINDINGS.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    Congress finds the following:</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, 
        over 16 percent of adults incarcerated in United States jails 
        and prisons have a mental illness.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) According to the Office of Juvenile Justice 
        and Delinquency Prevention, approximately 20 percent of youth 
        in the juvenile justice system have serious mental health 
        problems, and a significant number have co-occurring mental 
        health and substance abuse disorders.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (3) According to the National Alliance for the 
        Mentally Ill, up to 40 percent of adults who suffer from a 
        serious mental illness will come into contact with the American 
        criminal justice system at some point in their lives.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (4) According to the Office of Juvenile Justice 
        and Delinquency Prevention, over 150,000 juveniles who come 
        into contact with the juvenile justice system each year meet 
        the diagnostic criteria for at least 1 mental or emotional 
        disorder.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (5) A significant proportion of adults with a 
        serious mental illness who are involved with the criminal 
        justice system are homeless or at imminent risk of 
        homelessness; and many of these individuals are arrested and 
        jailed for minor, nonviolent offenses.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (6) The majority of individuals with a mental 
        illness or emotional disorder who are involved in the criminal 
        or juvenile justice systems are responsive to medical and 
        psychological interventions that integrate treatment, 
        rehabilitation, and support services.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (7) Collaborative programs between mental health, 
        substance abuse, and criminal or juvenile justice systems that 
        ensure the provision of services for those with mental illness 
        or co-occurring mental illness and substance abuse disorders 
        can reduce the number of such individuals in adult and juvenile 
        corrections facilities, while providing improved public 
        safety.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 3. PURPOSE.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    The purpose of this Act is to increase public safety by 
facilitating collaboration among the criminal justice, juvenile 
justice, mental health treatment, and substance abuse systems. Such 
collaboration is needed to--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) reduce rearrests among adult and juvenile 
        offenders with mental illness, or co-occurring mental illness 
        and substance abuse disorders;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) provide courts, including existing and new 
        mental health courts, with appropriate mental health and 
        substance abuse treatment options;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (3) maximize the use of alternatives to 
        prosecution through diversion in appropriate cases involving 
        non-violent offenders with mental illness;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (4) promote adequate training for criminal justice 
        system personnel about mental illness and substance abuse 
        disorders and the appropriate responses to people with such 
        illnesses;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (5) promote adequate training for mental health 
        treatment personnel about criminal offenders with mental 
        illness and the appropriate response to such offenders in the 
        criminal justice system;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (6) promote communication between criminal justice 
        or juvenile justice personnel, mental health treatment 
        personnel, nonviolent offenders with mental illness, and other 
        support services such as housing, job placement, community, and 
        faith-based organizations; and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (7) promote communication, collaboration, and 
        intergovernmental partnerships among municipal, county, and 
        State elected officials with respect to mentally ill 
        offenders.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 4. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE MENTAL HEALTH AND CRIMINAL 
              JUSTICE COLLABORATION PROGRAM.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    (a) In General.--Title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and 
Safe Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3711 et seq.) is amended by adding 
at the end the following:</DELETED>

     <DELETED>``PART HH--ADULT AND JUVENILE COLLABORATION PROGRAM 
                            GRANTS</DELETED>

<DELETED>``SEC. 2991. ADULT AND JUVENILE COLLABORATION 
              PROGRAMS.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section, the following 
definitions shall apply:</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(1) Applicant.--The term `applicant' means 
        States, units of local government, Indian tribes, and tribal 
        organizations that apply for a grant under this 
        section.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(2) Collaboration program.--The term 
        `collaboration program' means a program to promote public 
        safety by ensuring access to adequate mental health and other 
        treatment services for mentally ill adults or juveniles that is 
        overseen cooperatively by--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(A) a criminal justice agency, a 
                juvenile justice agency, or a mental health court; 
                and</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(B) a mental health agency.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(3) Criminal or juvenile justice agency.--The 
        term `criminal or juvenile justice agency' means an agency of a 
        State or local government that is responsible for detection, 
        arrest, enforcement, prosecution, defense, adjudication, 
        incarceration, probation, or parole relating to the violation 
        of the criminal laws of that State or local 
        government.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(4) Diversion and alternative prosecution and 
        sentencing.--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(A) In general.--The terms `diversion' 
                and `alternative prosecution and sentencing' mean the 
                appropriate use of effective mental health treatment 
                alternatives to juvenile justice or criminal justice 
                system institutional placements for preliminarily 
                qualified offenders.</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(B) Appropriate use.--In this paragraph, 
                the term `appropriate use' includes the discretion of 
                the judge or supervising authority and the leveraging 
                of justice sanctions to encourage compliance with 
                treatment.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(5) Mental health agency.--The term `mental 
        health agency' means an agency of a State or local government 
        that is responsible for mental health services.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(6) Mental health court.--The term `mental 
        health court' means a judicial program that meets the 
        requirements of part V of this title.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(7) Mental illness.--The term `mental illness' 
        means a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder--
        </DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(A) of sufficient duration to meet 
                diagnostic criteria within the most recent edition of 
                the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental 
                Disorders published by the American Psychiatric 
                Association; and</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(B) that has resulted in functional 
                impairment that substantially interferes with or limits 
                1 or more major life activities.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(8) Preliminarily qualified offender.--The term 
        `preliminarily qualified offender' means an adult or juvenile 
        who--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(A)(i) previously or currently has been 
                diagnosed by a qualified mental health professional as 
                having a mental illness or co-occurring mental illness 
                and substance abuse disorders; or</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(ii) manifests obvious signs of mental 
                illness or co-occurring mental illness and substance 
                abuse disorders during arrest or confinement or before 
                any court; and</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(B) has faced or is facing criminal 
                charges and is deemed eligible by a designated pretrial 
                screening and diversion process, or by a magistrate or 
                judge, on the ground that the commission of the offense 
                is the product of the person's mental 
                illness.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(9) Secretary.--The term `Secretary' means the 
        Secretary of the Department of Health and Human 
        Services.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(10) Unit of local government.--The term `unit 
        of local government' means any city, county, township, town, 
        borough, parish, village, or other general purpose political 
        subdivision of a State, including a State court, local court, 
        or a governmental agency located within a city, county, 
        township, town, borough, parish, or village.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    ``(b) Planning and Implementation Grants.--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(1) In general.--The Attorney General, in 
        consultation with the Secretary, may award nonrenewable grants 
        to eligible applicants to prepare a comprehensive plan for and 
        implement an adult or juvenile collaboration program, which 
        targets adults or juveniles with mental illness or co-occurring 
        mental illness and substance abuse disorders in order to 
        promote public safety and public health.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(2) Purposes.--Grants awarded under this section 
        shall be used to create or expand--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(A) mental health courts or other court-
                based programs for preliminarily qualified 
                offenders;</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(B) programs that offer specialized 
                training to the officers and employees of a criminal or 
                juvenile justice agency and mental health personnel in 
                procedures for identifying the symptoms of mental 
                illness and co-occurring mental illness and substance 
                abuse disorders in order to respond appropriately to 
                individuals with such illnesses;</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(C) programs that support cooperative 
                efforts by criminal and juvenile justice agencies and 
                mental health agencies to promote public safety by 
                offering mental health treatment services and, where 
                appropriate, substance abuse treatment services for--
                </DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(i) preliminarily qualified 
                        offenders with mental illness or co-occurring 
                        mental illness and substance abuse disorders; 
                        or</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(ii) adult offenders with mental 
                        illness during periods of incarceration, while 
                        under the supervision of a criminal justice 
                        agency, or following release from correctional 
                        facilities; and</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(D) programs that support 
                intergovernmental cooperation between State and local 
                governments with respect to the mentally ill 
                offender.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(3) Applications.--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(A) In general.--To receive a planning 
                grant or an implementation grant, the joint applicants 
                shall prepare and submit a single application to the 
                Attorney General at such time, in such manner, and 
                containing such information as the Attorney General and 
                the Secretary shall reasonably require. An application 
                under part V of this title may be made in conjunction 
                with an application under this section.</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(B) Combined planning and implementation 
                grant application.--The Attorney General and the 
                Secretary shall develop a procedure under which 
                applicants may apply at the same time and in a single 
                application for a planning grant and an implementation 
                grant, with receipt of the implementation grant 
                conditioned on successful completion of the activities 
                funded by the planning grant.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(4) Planning grants.--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(A) Application.--The joint applicants 
                may apply to the Attorney General for a nonrenewable 
                planning grant to develop a collaboration 
                program.</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(B) Contents.--The Attorney General and 
                the Secretary may not approve a planning grant unless 
                the application for the grant includes or provides, at 
                a minimum, for a budget and a budget justification, a 
                description of the outcome measures that will be used 
                to measure the effectiveness of the program in 
                promoting public safety and public health, the 
                activities proposed (including the provision of 
                substance abuse treatment services, where appropriate) 
                and a schedule for completion of such activities, and 
                the personnel necessary to complete such 
                activities.</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(C) Period of grant.--A planning grant 
                shall be effective for a period of 1 year, beginning on 
                the first day of the month in which the planning grant 
                is made. Applicants may not receive more than 1 such 
                planning grant.</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(D) Amount.--The amount of a planning 
                grant may not exceed $75,000, except that the Attorney 
                General may, for good cause, approve a grant in a 
                higher amount.</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(E) Collaboration set aside.--Up to 5 
                percent of all planning funds shall be used to foster 
                collaboration between State and local governments in 
                furtherance of the purposes set forth in the Mentally 
                Ill Offender Treatment and Crime Reduction Act of 
                2003.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(5) Implementation grants.--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(A) Application.--Joint applicants that 
                have prepared a planning grant application may apply to 
                the Attorney General for approval of a nonrenewable 
                implementation grant to develop a collaboration 
                program.</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(B) Collaboration.--To receive an 
                implementation grant, the joint applicants shall--
                </DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(i) document that at least 1 
                        criminal or juvenile justice agency (which can 
                        include a mental health court) and 1 mental 
                        health agency will participate in the 
                        administration of the collaboration 
                        program;</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(ii) describe the 
                        responsibilities of each participating agency, 
                        including how each agency will use grant 
                        resources to jointly ensure that the provision 
                        of mental health treatment services is 
                        integrated with the provision of substance 
                        abuse treatment services, where 
                        appropriate;</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(iii) in the case of an 
                        application from a unit of local government, 
                        document that a State mental health authority 
                        has provided comment and review; and</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(iv) involve, to the extent 
                        practicable, in developing the grant 
                        application--</DELETED>
                                <DELETED>    ``(I) individuals with 
                                mental illness or co-occurring mental 
                                illness and substance abuse disorders; 
                                or</DELETED>
                                <DELETED>    ``(II) the families and 
                                advocates of such individuals under 
                                subclause (I).</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(C) Content.--To be eligible for an 
                implementation grant, joint applicants shall comply 
                with the following:</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(i) Definition of target 
                        population.--Applicants for an implementation 
                        grant shall--</DELETED>
                                <DELETED>    ``(I) describe the 
                                population with mental illness or co-
                                occurring mental illness and substance 
                                abuse disorders that is targeted for 
                                the collaboration program; 
                                and</DELETED>
                                <DELETED>    ``(II) develop guidelines 
                                that can be used by personnel of a 
                                criminal or juvenile justice agency to 
                                identify individuals with mental 
                                illness or co-occurring mental illness 
                                and substance abuse 
                                disorders.</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(ii) Services.--Applicants for 
                        an implementation grant shall--</DELETED>
                                <DELETED>    ``(I) ensure that 
                                preliminarily qualified offenders who 
                                are to receive treatment services under 
                                the collaboration program will first 
                                receive individualized, needs-based 
                                assessments to determine, plan, and 
                                coordinate the most appropriate 
                                services for such 
                                individuals;</DELETED>
                                <DELETED>    ``(II) specify plans for 
                                making mental health treatment services 
                                available and accessible to mentally 
                                ill offenders at the time of their 
                                release from the criminal justice 
                                system, including outside of normal 
                                business hours;</DELETED>
                                <DELETED>    ``(III) ensure that 
                                preliminarily qualified offenders 
                                served by the collaboration program 
                                will have access to effective and 
                                appropriate community-based mental 
                                health services, or, where appropriate, 
                                integrated substance abuse and mental 
                                health treatment services;</DELETED>
                                <DELETED>    ``(IV) make available, to 
                                the extent practicable, other support 
                                services that will ensure the 
                                preliminarily qualified offender's 
                                successful reintegration into the 
                                community (such as housing, education, 
                                job placement, mentoring, and health 
                                care and benefits, as well as the 
                                services of faith-based and community 
                                organizations for mentally ill 
                                individuals served by the collaboration 
                                program); and</DELETED>
                                <DELETED>    ``(V) include strategies 
                                to address developmental and learning 
                                disabilities and problems arising from 
                                a documented history of physical or 
                                sexual abuse.</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(D) Housing and job placement.--
                Recipients of an implementation grant may use grant 
                funds to assist mentally ill offenders compliant with 
                the program in seeking housing or employment 
                assistance.</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(E) Policies and procedures.--Applicants 
                for an implementation grant shall strive to ensure 
                prompt access to defense counsel by criminal defendants 
                with mental illness who are facing charges that would 
                trigger a constitutional right to counsel.</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(F) Financial.--Applicants for an 
                implementation grant shall--</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(i) explain the applicant's 
                        inability to fund the collaboration program 
                        adequately without Federal 
                        assistance;</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(ii) specify how the Federal 
                        support provided will be used to supplement, 
                        and not supplant, State, local, Indian tribe, 
                        or tribal organization sources of funding that 
                        would otherwise be available, including billing 
                        third-party resources for services already 
                        covered under programs (such as medicaid, 
                        medicare, and the State Children's Insurance 
                        Program); and</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(iii) outline plans for 
                        obtaining necessary support and continuing the 
                        proposed collaboration program following the 
                        conclusion of Federal support.</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(G) Outcomes.--Applicants for an 
                implementation grant shall--</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(i) identify methodology and 
                        outcome measures, as required by the Attorney 
                        General and the Secretary, to be used in 
                        evaluating the effectiveness of the 
                        collaboration program;</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(ii) ensure mechanisms are in 
                        place to capture data, consistent with the 
                        methodology and outcome measures under clause 
                        (i); and</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(iii) submit specific agreements 
                        from affected agencies to provide the data 
                        needed by the Attorney General and the 
                        Secretary to accomplish the evaluation under 
                        clause (i).</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(H) State plans.--Applicants for an 
                implementation grant shall describe how the adult or 
                juvenile collaboration program relates to existing 
                State criminal or juvenile justice and mental health 
                plans and programs.</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(I) Use of funds.--Applicants that 
                receive an implementation grant may use funds for 1 or 
                more of the following purposes:</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(i) Mental health courts and 
                        diversion/alternative prosecution and 
                        sentencing programs.--Funds may be used to 
                        create or expand existing mental health courts 
                        that meet program requirements established by 
                        the Attorney General under part V of this title 
                        or diversion and alternative prosecution and 
                        sentencing programs (including crisis 
                        intervention teams and treatment accountability 
                        services for communities) that meet 
                        requirements established by the Attorney 
                        General and the Secretary.</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(ii) Training.--Funds may be 
                        used to create or expand programs, such as 
                        crisis intervention training, which offer 
                        specialized training to--</DELETED>
                                <DELETED>    ``(I) criminal justice 
                                system personnel to identify and 
                                respond appropriately to the unique 
                                needs of an adult or juvenile with 
                                mental illness or co-occurring mental 
                                illness and substance abuse disorders; 
                                or</DELETED>
                                <DELETED>    ``(II) mental health 
                                system personnel to respond 
                                appropriately to the treatment needs of 
                                preliminarily qualified 
                                offenders.</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(iii) Service delivery.--Funds 
                        may be used to create or expand programs that 
                        promote public safety by providing the services 
                        described in subparagraph (C)(ii) to 
                        preliminarily qualified offenders.</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(iv) In-jail and transitional 
                        services.--Funds may be used to promote and 
                        provide mental health treatment for those 
                        incarcerated or for transitional re-entry 
                        programs for those released from any penal or 
                        correctional institution.</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(J) Geographic distribution of grants.--
                The Attorney General, in consultation with the 
                Secretary, shall ensure that planning and 
                implementation grants are equitably distributed among 
                the geographical regions of the United States and 
                between urban and rural populations.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    ``(c) Priority.--The Attorney General, in awarding funds 
under this section, shall give priority to applications that--
</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(1) demonstrate the strongest commitment to 
        ensuring that such funds are used to promote both public health 
        and public safety;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(2) demonstrate the active participation of each 
        co-applicant in the administration of the collaboration 
        program; and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(3) have the support of both the Attorney 
        General and the Secretary.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    ``(d) Matching Requirements.--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(1) Federal share.--The Federal share of the 
        cost of a collaboration program carried out by a State, unit of 
        local government, Indian tribe, or tribal organization under 
        this section shall not exceed--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(A) 80 percent of the total cost of the 
                program during the first 2 years of the 
                grant;</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(B) 60 percent of the total cost of the 
                program in year 3; and</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(C) 25 percent of the total cost of the 
                program in years 4 and 5.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(2) Non-federal share.--The non-Federal share of 
        payments made under this section may be made in cash or in-kind 
        fairly evaluated, including planned equipment or 
        services.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    ``(e) Federal Use of Funds.--The Attorney General, in 
consultation with the Secretary, in administering grants under this 
section, may use up to 3 percent of funds appropriated to--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(1) research the use of alternatives to 
        prosecution through pretrial diversion in appropriate cases 
        involving individuals with mental illness;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(2) offer specialized training to personnel of 
        criminal and juvenile justice agencies in appropriate diversion 
        techniques;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(3) provide technical assistance to local 
        governments, mental health courts, and diversion programs, 
        including technical assistance relating to program 
        evaluation;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(4) help localities build public understanding 
        and support for community reintegration of individuals with 
        mental illness;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(5) develop a uniform program evaluation 
        process; and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(6) conduct a national evaluation of the 
        collaboration program that will include an assessment of its 
        cost-effectiveness.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    ``(f) Interagency Task Force.--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(1) In general.--The Attorney General and the 
        Secretary shall establish an interagency task force with the 
        Secretaries of Housing and Urban Development, Labor, Education, 
        and Veterans Affairs and the Commissioner of Social Security, 
        or their designees.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(2) Responsibilities.--The task force 
        established under paragraph (1) shall--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(A) identify policies within their 
                departments which hinder or facilitate local 
                collaborative initiatives for adults or juveniles with 
                mental illness or co-occurring mental illness and 
                substance abuse disorders; and</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(B) submit, not later than 2 years after 
                the date of enactment of this section, a report to 
                Congress containing recommendations for improved 
                interdepartmental collaboration regarding the provision 
                of services to adults and juveniles with mental illness 
                or co-occurring mental illness and substance abuse 
                disorders.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    ``(g) Minimum Allocation.--Unless all eligible 
applications submitted by any State or unit of local government within 
such State for a planning or implementation grant under this section 
have been funded, such State, together with grantees within the State 
(other than Indian tribes), shall be allocated in each fiscal year 
under this section not less than 0.75 percent of the total amount 
appropriated in the fiscal year for planning or implementation grants 
pursuant to this section.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    ``(h) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are 
authorized to be appropriated to the Department of Justice to carry out 
this section--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(1) $100,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2004 
        and 2005; and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(2) such sums as may be necessary for fiscal 
        years 2006 through 2008.''.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (b) List of ``Best Practices''.--The Attorney General, in 
consultation with the Secretary of Health and Human Services, shall 
develop a list of ``best practices'' for appropriate diversion from 
incarceration of adult and juvenile offenders.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (c) Technical Amendment.--The table of contents of title I 
of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 
3711 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:</DELETED>

  <DELETED>``Part HH--Adult and Juvenile Collaboration Program Grants

<DELETED>``Sec. 2991. Adult and juvenile collaboration programs.''.

</DELETED>SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Mentally Ill Offender Treatment and 
Crime Reduction Act of 2003''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    Congress finds the following:
            (1) According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, over 16 
        percent of adults incarcerated in United States jails and 
        prisons have a mental illness.
            (2) According to the Office of Juvenile Justice and 
        Delinquency Prevention, approximately 20 percent of youth in 
        the juvenile justice system have serious mental health 
        problems, and a significant number have co-occurring mental 
        health and substance abuse disorders.
            (3) According to the National Alliance for the Mentally 
        Ill, up to 40 percent of adults who suffer from a serious 
        mental illness will come into contact with the American 
        criminal justice system at some point in their lives.
            (4) According to the Office of Juvenile Justice and 
        Delinquency Prevention, over 150,000 juveniles who come into 
        contact with the juvenile justice system each year meet the 
        diagnostic criteria for at least 1 mental or emotional 
        disorder.
            (5) A significant proportion of adults with a serious 
        mental illness who are involved with the criminal justice 
        system are homeless or at imminent risk of homelessness; and 
        many of these individuals are arrested and jailed for minor, 
        nonviolent offenses.
            (6) The majority of individuals with a mental illness or 
        emotional disorder who are involved in the criminal or juvenile 
        justice systems are responsive to medical and psychological 
        interventions that integrate treatment, rehabilitation, and 
        support services.
            (7) Collaborative programs between mental health, substance 
        abuse, and criminal or juvenile justice systems that ensure the 
        provision of services for those with mental illness or co-
        occurring mental illness and substance abuse disorders can 
        reduce the number of such individuals in adult and juvenile 
        corrections facilities, while providing improved public safety.

SEC. 3. PURPOSE.

    The purpose of this Act is to increase public safety by 
facilitating collaboration among the criminal justice, juvenile 
justice, mental health treatment, and substance abuse systems. Such 
collaboration is needed to--
            (1) reduce rearrests among adult and juvenile offenders 
        with mental illness or co-occurring mental illness and 
        substance abuse disorders;
            (2) provide courts, including existing and new mental 
        health courts, with appropriate mental health and substance 
        abuse treatment options;
            (3) maximize the use of alternatives to prosecution through 
        diversion in appropriate cases involving non-violent offenders 
        with mental illness;
            (4) promote adequate training for criminal justice system 
        personnel about mental illness and substance abuse disorders 
        and the appropriate responses to people with such illnesses;
            (5) promote adequate training for mental health and 
        substance abuse treatment personnel about criminal offenders 
        with mental illness or co-occurring mental illness of substance 
        abuse disorders and the appropriate response to such offenders 
        in the criminal justice system;
            (6) promote communication between criminal justice or 
        juvenile justice personnel, mental health and co-occurring 
        mental illness and substance abuse disorders treatment 
        personnel, nonviolent offenders with mental illness or co-
        occurring mental illness and substance abuse disorders, and 
        other support services such as housing, job placement, 
        community, and faith-based organizations; and
            (7) promote communication, collaboration, and 
        intergovernmental partnerships among municipal, county, and 
        State elected officials with respect to mentally ill offenders.

SEC. 4. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE MENTAL HEALTH AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE 
              COLLABORATION PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--Title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe 
Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3711 et seq.) is amended by adding at 
the end the following:

       ``PART HH--ADULT AND JUVENILE COLLABORATION PROGRAM GRANTS

``SEC. 2991. ADULT AND JUVENILE COLLABORATION PROGRAMS.

    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section, the following definitions 
shall apply:
            ``(1) Applicant.--The term `applicant' means States, units 
        of local government, Indian tribes, and tribal organizations 
        that apply for a grant under this section.
            ``(2) Collaboration program.--The term `collaboration 
        program' means a program to promote public safety by ensuring 
        access to adequate mental health and other treatment services 
        for mentally ill adults or juveniles that is overseen 
        cooperatively by--
                    ``(A) a criminal justice agency, a juvenile justice 
                agency, or a mental health court; and
                    ``(B) a mental health agency.
            ``(3) Criminal or juvenile justice agency.--The term 
        `criminal or juvenile justice agency' means an agency of a 
        State or local government or its contracted agency that is 
        responsible for detection, arrest, enforcement, prosecution, 
        defense, adjudication, incarceration, probation, or parole 
        relating to the violation of the criminal laws of that State or 
        local government.
            ``(4) Diversion and alternative prosecution and 
        sentencing.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The terms `diversion' and 
                `alternative prosecution and sentencing' mean the 
                appropriate use of effective mental health treatment 
                alternatives to juvenile justice or criminal justice 
                system institutional placements for preliminarily 
                qualified offenders.
                    ``(B) Appropriate use.--In this paragraph, the term 
                `appropriate use' includes the discretion of the judge 
                or supervising authority, the leveraging of justice 
                sanctions to encourage compliance with treatment, and 
                law enforcement diversion, including crisis 
                intervention teams.
            ``(5) Mental health agency.--The term `mental health 
        agency' means an agency of a State or local government or its 
        contracted agency that is responsible for mental health 
        services or co-occurring mental health and substance abuse 
        disorders.
            ``(6) Mental health court.--The term `mental health court' 
        means a judicial program that meets the requirements of part V 
        of this title.
            ``(7) Mental illness.--The term `mental illness' means a 
        diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder--
                    ``(A) of sufficient duration to meet diagnostic 
                criteria within the most recent edition of the 
                Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 
                published by the American Psychiatric Association; and
                    ``(B)(i) that, in the case of an adult, has 
                resulted in functional impairment that substantially 
                interferes with or limits 1 or more major life 
                activities; or
                    ``(ii) that, in the case of a juvenile, has 
                resulted in functional impairment that substantially 
                interferes with or limits the juvenile's role or 
                functioning in family, school, or community activities.
            ``(8) Preliminarily qualified offender.--The term 
        `preliminarily qualified offender' means a nonviolent adult or 
        juvenile who--
                    ``(A)(i) previously or currently has been diagnosed 
                by a qualified mental health professional as having a 
                mental illness or co-occurring mental illness and 
                substance abuse disorders; or
                    ``(ii) manifests obvious signs of mental illness or 
                co-occurring mental illness and substance abuse 
                disorders during arrest or confinement or before any 
                court; and
                    ``(B) has faced, is facing, or could face criminal 
                charges and is deemed eligible by a diversion process, 
                designated pretrial screening process, or by a 
                magistrate or judge, on the ground that the commission 
                of the offense is the product of the person's mental 
                illness.
            ``(9) Secretary.--The term `Secretary' means the Secretary 
        of the Department of Health and Human Services.
            ``(10) Unit of local government.--The term `unit of local 
        government' means any city, county, township, town, borough, 
        parish, village, or other general purpose political subdivision 
        of a State, including a State court, local court, or a 
        governmental agency located within a city, county, township, 
        town, borough, parish, or village.
    ``(b) Planning and Implementation Grants.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Attorney General, in consultation 
        with the Secretary, may award nonrenewable grants to eligible 
        applicants to prepare a comprehensive plan for and implement an 
        adult or juvenile collaboration program, which targets 
        preliminary qualified offenders in order to promote public 
        safety and public health.
            ``(2) Purposes.--Grants awarded under this section shall be 
        used to create or expand--
                    ``(A) mental health courts or other court-based 
                programs for preliminarily qualified offenders;
                    ``(B) programs that offer specialized training to 
                the officers and employees of a criminal or juvenile 
                justice agency and mental health personnel serving 
                those with co-occurring mental illness and substance 
                abuse problems in procedures for identifying the 
                symptoms of preliminary qualified offenders in order to 
                respond appropriately to individuals with such 
                illnesses;
                    ``(C) programs that support cooperative efforts by 
                criminal and juvenile justice agencies and mental 
                health agencies to promote public safety by offering 
                mental health treatment services and, where 
                appropriate, substance abuse treatment services for--
                            ``(i) preliminarily qualified offenders 
                        with mental illness or co-occurring mental 
                        illness and substance abuse disorders; or
                            ``(ii) adult offenders with mental illness 
                        during periods of incarceration, while under 
                        the supervision of a criminal justice agency, 
                        or following release from correctional 
                        facilities; and
                    ``(D) programs that support intergovernmental 
                cooperation between State and local governments with 
                respect to the mentally ill offender.
            ``(3) Applications.--
                    ``(A) In general.--To receive a planning grant or 
                an implementation grant, the joint applicants shall 
                prepare and submit a single application to the Attorney 
                General at such time, in such manner, and containing 
                such information as the Attorney General and the 
                Secretary shall reasonably require. An application 
                under part V of this title may be made in conjunction 
with an application under this section.
                    ``(B) Combined planning and implementation grant 
                application.--The Attorney General and the Secretary 
                shall develop a procedure under which applicants may 
                apply at the same time and in a single application for 
                a planning grant and an implementation grant, with 
                receipt of the implementation grant conditioned on 
                successful completion of the activities funded by the 
                planning grant.
            ``(4) Planning grants.--
                    ``(A) Application.--The joint applicants may apply 
                to the Attorney General for a nonrenewable planning 
                grant to develop a collaboration program.
                    ``(B) Contents.--The Attorney General and the 
                Secretary may not approve a planning grant unless the 
                application for the grant includes or provides, at a 
                minimum, for a budget and a budget justification, a 
                description of the outcome measures that will be used 
                to measure the effectiveness of the program in 
                promoting public safety and public health, the 
                activities proposed (including the provision of 
                substance abuse treatment services, where appropriate) 
                and a schedule for completion of such activities, and 
                the personnel necessary to complete such activities.
                    ``(C) Period of grant.--A planning grant shall be 
                effective for a period of 1 year, beginning on the 
                first day of the month in which the planning grant is 
                made. Applicants may not receive more than 1 such 
                planning grant.
                    ``(D) Amount.--The amount of a planning grant may 
                not exceed $75,000, except that the Attorney General 
                may, for good cause, approve a grant in a higher 
                amount.
                    ``(E) Collaboration set aside.--Up to 5 percent of 
                all planning funds shall be used to foster 
                collaboration between State and local governments in 
                furtherance of the purposes set forth in the Mentally 
                Ill Offender Treatment and Crime Reduction Act of 2003.
            ``(5) Implementation grants.--
                    ``(A) Application.--Joint applicants that have 
                prepared a planning grant application may apply to the 
                Attorney General for approval of a nonrenewable 
                implementation grant to develop a collaboration 
                program.
                    ``(B) Collaboration.--To receive an implementation 
                grant, the joint applicants shall--
                            ``(i) document that at least 1 criminal or 
                        juvenile justice agency (which can include a 
                        mental health court) and 1 mental health agency 
                        or agency providing mental health and substance 
                        abuse services to those with co-occurring 
                        mental health and substance abuse disorders 
                        will participate in the administration of the 
                        collaboration program;
                            ``(ii) describe the responsibilities of 
                        each participating agency, including how each 
                        agency will use grant resources to jointly 
                        ensure that the provision of mental health 
                        treatment services and qualified substance 
                        abuse services is coordinated, which includes 
                        consultation, collaboration, and integrated 
                        services, where clinically appropriate;
                            ``(iii) in the case of an application from 
                        a unit of local government, document that a 
                        State mental health authority has provided 
                        comment and review; and
                            ``(iv) involve, to the extent practicable, 
                        in developing the grant application--
                                    ``(I) preliminary qualified 
                                offenders; or
                                    ``(II) the families and advocates 
                                of such individuals under subclause 
                                (I).
                    ``(C) Content.--To be eligible for an 
                implementation grant, joint applicants shall comply 
                with the following:
                            ``(i) Definition of target population.--
                        Applicants for an implementation grant shall--
                                    ``(I) describe the population with 
                                mental illness or co-occurring 
mental illness and substance abuse disorders that is targeted for the 
collaboration program; and
                                    ``(II) develop guidelines that can 
                                be used by personnel of a criminal or 
                                juvenile justice agency to identify 
                                preliminary qualified offenders.
                            ``(ii) Services.--Applicants for an 
                        implementation grant shall--
                                    ``(I) ensure that preliminarily 
                                qualified offenders who are to receive 
                                treatment services under the 
                                collaboration program will first 
                                receive individualized, needs-based 
                                assessments to determine, plan, and 
                                coordinate the most appropriate 
                                services for such individuals;
                                    ``(II) specify plans for making 
                                mental health, or mental health and 
                                substance abuse, treatment services 
                                available and accessible to preliminary 
                                qualified offenders at the time of 
                                their release from the criminal justice 
                                system, including outside of normal 
                                business hours;
                                    ``(III) ensure that there are 
                                substance abuse personnel available to 
                                respond appropriately to the treatment 
                                needs of preliminary qualified 
                                offenders;
                                    ``(IV) ensure that preliminarily 
                                qualified offenders served by the 
                                collaboration program will have access 
                                to effective and appropriate community-
                                based mental health services, or, where 
                                clinically appropriate, coordinated 
                                substance abuse and mental health 
                                treatment services;
                                    ``(V) make available, to the extent 
                                practicable, other support services 
                                that will ensure the preliminarily 
                                qualified offender's successful 
                                reintegration into the community (such 
                                as housing, education, job placement, 
                                mentoring, and health care and 
                                benefits, as well as the services of 
                                faith-based and community organizations 
                                for mentally ill individuals served by 
                                the collaboration program); and
                                    ``(VI) include strategies, to the 
                                extent practicable, to address 
                                developmental and learning disabilities 
                                and problems arising from a documented 
                                history of physical or sexual abuse.
                    ``(D) Housing and job placement.--Recipients of an 
                implementation grant may use grant funds to assist 
                mentally ill offenders compliant with the program in 
                seeking housing or employment assistance.
                    ``(E) Policies and procedures.--Applicants for an 
                implementation grant shall strive to ensure prompt 
                access to defense counsel by criminal defendants with 
                mental illness who are facing charges that would 
                trigger a constitutional right to counsel.
                    ``(F) Financial.--Applicants for an implementation 
                grant shall--
                            ``(i) explain the applicant's inability to 
                        fund the collaboration program adequately 
                        without Federal assistance;
                            ``(ii) specify how the Federal support 
                        provided will be used to supplement, and not 
                        supplant, State, local, Indian tribe, or tribal 
                        organization sources of funding that would 
                        otherwise be available, including billing 
                        third-party resources for services already 
                        covered under programs (such as medicaid, 
                        medicare, and the State Children's Insurance 
                        Program); and
                            ``(iii) outline plans for obtaining 
                        necessary support and continuing the proposed 
                        collaboration program following the conclusion 
                        of Federal support.
                    ``(G) Outcomes.--Applicants for an implementation 
                grant shall--
                            ``(i) identify methodology and outcome 
                        measures, as required by the Attorney General 
                        and the Secretary, to be used in evaluating the 
                        effectiveness of the collaboration program;
                            ``(ii) ensure mechanisms are in place to 
                        capture data, consistent with the methodology 
                        and outcome measures under clause (i); and
                            ``(iii) submit specific agreements from 
                        affected agencies to provide the data needed by 
                        the Attorney General and the Secretary to 
                        accomplish the evaluation under clause (i).
                    ``(H) State plans.--Applicants for an 
                implementation grant shall describe how the adult or 
                juvenile collaboration program relates to existing 
                State criminal or juvenile justice and mental health 
                plans and programs.
                    ``(I) Use of funds.--Applicants that receive an 
                implementation grant may use funds for 1 or more of the 
                following purposes:
                            ``(i) Mental health courts and diversion/
                        alternative prosecution and sentencing 
                        programs.--Funds may be used to create or 
                        expand existing mental health courts that meet 
                        program requirements established by the 
                        Attorney General under part V of this title, 
                        other court-based programs, or diversion and 
                        alternative prosecution and sentencing programs 
                        (including crisis intervention teams and 
                        treatment accountability services for 
                        communities) that meet requirements established 
                        by the Attorney General and the Secretary.
                            ``(ii) Training.--Funds may be used to 
                        create or expand programs, such as crisis 
                        intervention training, which offer specialized 
                        training to--
                                    ``(I) criminal justice system 
                                personnel to identify and respond 
                                appropriately to the unique needs of 
                                preliminary qualified offenders; or
                                    ``(II) mental health system 
                                personnel to respond appropriately to 
                                the treatment needs of preliminarily 
                                qualified offenders.
                            ``(iii) Service delivery.--Funds may be 
                        used to create or expand programs that promote 
                        public safety by providing the services 
                        described in subparagraph (C)(ii) to 
                        preliminarily qualified offenders.
                            ``(iv) In-jail and transitional services.--
                        Funds may be used to promote and provide mental 
                        health treatment for those incarcerated or for 
                        transitional re-entry programs for those 
                        released from any penal or correctional 
                        institution.
                    ``(J) Geographic distribution of grants.--The 
                Attorney General, in consultation with the Secretary, 
                shall ensure that planning and implementation grants 
                are equitably distributed among the geographical 
                regions of the United States and between urban and 
                rural populations.
    ``(c) Priority.--The Attorney General, in awarding funds under this 
section, shall give priority to applications that--
            ``(1) demonstrate the strongest commitment to ensuring that 
        such funds are used to promote both public health and public 
        safety;
            ``(2) demonstrate the active participation of each co-
        applicant in the administration of the collaboration program; 
        and
            ``(3) have the support of both the Attorney General and the 
        Secretary.
    ``(d) Matching Requirements.--
            ``(1) Federal share.--The Federal share of the cost of a 
        collaboration program carried out by a State, unit of local 
        government, Indian tribe, or tribal organization under this 
        section shall not exceed--
                    ``(A) 80 percent of the total cost of the program 
                during the first 2 years of the grant;
                    ``(B) 60 percent of the total cost of the program 
                in year 3; and
                    ``(C) 25 percent of the total cost of the program 
                in years 4 and 5.
            ``(2) Non-federal share.--The non-Federal share of payments 
        made under this section may be made in cash or in-kind fairly 
        evaluated, including planned equipment or services.
    ``(e) Federal Use of Funds.--The Attorney General, in consultation 
with the Secretary, in administering grants under this section, may use 
up to 3 percent of funds appropriated to--
            ``(1) research the use of alternatives to prosecution 
        through pretrial diversion in appropriate cases involving 
        individuals with mental illness;
            ``(2) offer specialized training to personnel of criminal 
        and juvenile justice agencies in appropriate diversion 
        techniques;
            ``(3) provide technical assistance to local governments, 
        mental health courts, and diversion programs, including 
        technical assistance relating to program evaluation;
            ``(4) help localities build public understanding and 
        support for community reintegration of individuals with mental 
        illness;
            ``(5) develop a uniform program evaluation process; and
            ``(6) conduct a national evaluation of the collaboration 
        program that will include an assessment of its cost-
        effectiveness.
    ``(f) Interagency Task Force.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Attorney General and the Secretary 
        shall establish an interagency task force with the Secretaries 
        of Housing and Urban Development, Labor, Education, and 
        Veterans Affairs and the Commissioner of Social Security, or 
        their designees.
            ``(2) Responsibilities.--The task force established under 
        paragraph (1) shall--
                    ``(A) identify policies within their departments 
                that hinder or facilitate local collaborative 
                initiatives for preliminary qualified offenders; and
                    ``(B) submit, not later than 2 years after the date 
                of enactment of this section, a report to Congress 
                containing recommendations for improved 
                interdepartmental collaboration regarding the provision 
                of services to preliminary qualified offenders.
    ``(g) Minimum Allocation.--Unless all eligible applications 
submitted by any State or unit of local government within such State 
for a planning or implementation grant under this section have been 
funded, such State, together with grantees within the State (other than 
Indian tribes), shall be allocated in each fiscal year under this 
section not less than 0.75 percent of the total amount appropriated in 
the fiscal year for planning or implementation grants pursuant to this 
section.
    ``(h) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Department of Justice to carry out this section--
            ``(1) $100,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2004 and 2005; 
        and
            ``(2) such sums as may be necessary for fiscal years 2006 
        through 2008.''.
    (b) List of ``Best Practices''.--The Attorney General, in 
consultation with the Secretary of Health and Human Services, shall 
develop a list of ``best practices'' for appropriate diversion from 
incarceration of adult and juvenile offenders.
    (c) Technical Amendment.--The table of contents of title I of the 
Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3711 et 
seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

       ``Part HH--Adult and Juvenile Collaboration Program Grants

``Sec. 2991. Adult and juvenile collaboration programs.''.




                                                       Calendar No. 321

108th CONGRESS

  1st Session

                                S. 1194

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL

  To foster local collaborations which will ensure that resources are 
   effectively and efficiently used within the criminal and juvenile 
                            justice systems.

_______________________________________________________________________

                            October 23, 2003

                       Reported with an amendment