1.This Act may be cited as the &short-title1;
.
2.
(a)Part II of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
237
Sec
3771. Crime victims’ rights
3771.
(a)A crime victim has the following rights:
(1)The right to be reasonably protected from the accused.
(2)The right to reasonable, accurate, and timely notice of any public proceeding involving the crime or of any release or escape of the accused.
(3)The right not to be excluded from any such public proceeding.
(4)The right to be reasonably heard at any public proceeding involving release, plea, or sentencing.
(5)The right to confer with the attorney for the Government in the case.
(6)The right to full and timely restitution as provided in law.
(7)The right to proceedings free from unreasonable delay.
(8)The right to be treated with fairness and with respect for the victim’s dignity and privacy.
(b)In any court proceeding involving an offense against a crime victim, the court shall ensure that the crime victim is afforded the rights described in subsection (a). The reasons for any decision denying relief under this chapter shall be clearly stated on the record.
(c)Best efforts to accord rights
(1)Officers and employees of the Department of Justice and other departments and agencies of the United States engaged in the detection, investigation, or prosecution of crime shall make their best efforts to see that crime victims are notified of, and accorded, the rights described in subsection (a).
(2)In the event of any material conflict of interest between the prosecutor and the crime victim, the prosecutor shall advise the crime victim of the conflict and take reasonable steps to direct the crime victim to the appropriate legal referral, legal assistance, or legal aid agency.
(3)Notice of release otherwise required pursuant to this chapter shall not be given if such notice may endanger the safety of any person.
(d)Enforcement and limitations
(1)The crime victim, the crime victim’s lawful representative, and the attorney for the Government may assert the rights established in this chapter. A person accused of the crime may not obtain any form of relief under this chapter.
(2)In a case where the court finds that the number of crime victims makes it impracticable to accord all of the crime victims the rights contained in this chapter, the court shall fashion a procedure to give effect to this chapter.
(3)If a Federal court denies any right of a crime victim under this chapter or under the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, the Government or the crime victim may apply for a writ of mandamus to the appropriate court of appeals. The court of appeals shall take up and decide such application forthwith and shall order such relief as may be necessary to protect the crime victim’s ability to exercise the rights.
(4)In any appeal in a criminal case, the Government may assert as error the district court’s denial of any crime victim’s right in the proceeding to which the appeal relates.
(5)In no case shall a failure to afford a right under this chapter provide grounds for a new trial.
(6)Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to authorize a cause of action for damages.
(e)For the purposes of this chapter, the term crime victim means a person directly and proximately harmed as a result of the commission of a Federal offense. In the case of a crime victim who is under 18 years of age, incompetent, incapacitated, or deceased, the legal guardians of the crime victim or the representatives of the crime victim’s estate, family members, or any other persons appointed as suitable by the court, may assume the crime victim’s rights under this chapter, but in no event shall the defendant be named as such guardian or representative.
(f)Procedures to promote compliance
(1)Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this chapter, the Attorney General of the United States shall promulgate regulations to enforce the rights of crime victims and to ensure compliance by responsible officials with the obligations described in law respecting crime victims.
(2)The regulations promulgated under paragraph (1) shall—
(A)establish an administrative authority within the Department of Justice to receive and investigate complaints relating to the provision or violation of the rights of a crime victim;
(B)require a course of training for employees and offices of the Department of Justice that fail to comply with provisions of Federal law pertaining to the treatment of crime victims, and otherwise assist such employees and offices in responding more effectively to the needs of crime victims;
(C)contain disciplinary sanctions, including suspension or termination from employment, for employees of the Department of Justice who willfully or wantonly fail to comply with provisions of Federal law pertaining to the treatment of crime victims; and
(D)provide that the Attorney General, or the designee of the Attorney General, shall be the final arbiter of the complaint, and that there shall be no judicial review of the final decision of the Attorney General by a complainant..
(b)The table of chapters for part II of title 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting at the end the following:
237.Crime victims’ rights3771.
(c)Section 502 of the Victims’ Rights and Restitution Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 10606) is repealed.
3.Increased resources for enforcement of crime victims’ rights
(a)Crime victims legal assistance grantsThe Victims of Crime Act of 1984 (42 U.S.C. 10601 et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 1404C the following:
1404D.Crime victims legal assistance grants
(a)The Director may make grants as provided in section 1404(c)(1)(A) to State, tribal, and local prosecutors’ offices, law enforcement agencies, courts, jails, and correctional institutions, and to qualified public and private entities, to develop, establish, and maintain programs for the enforcement of crime victims’ rights as provided in law.
(b)Notwithstanding any other provision of law, amounts collected pursuant to sections 3729 through 3731 of title 31, United States Code (commonly known as the False Claims Act
), may be used for grants under this section, subject to appropriation..
(b)Authorization of appropriationsIn addition to funds made available under section 1402(d) of the Victims of Crime Act of 1984, there are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this Act—
(1)$2,000,000 for fiscal year 2005 and $5,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2009 to United States Attorneys Offices for Victim/Witnesses Assistance Programs;
(2)$2,000,000 for fiscal year 2005 and $5,000,000 in each of the fiscal years 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2009, to the Office for Victims of Crime of the Department of Justice for enhancement of the Victim Notification System;
(3)$300,000 in fiscal year 2005 and $500,000 for each of the fiscal years 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2009, to the Office for Victims of Crime of the Department of Justice for staff to administer the appropriation for the support of the National Crime Victim Law Institute or other organizations as designated under paragraph (4);
(4)$7,000,000 for fiscal year 2005 and $11,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2009, to the Office for Victims of Crime of the Department of Justice, for the support of—
(A)the National Crime Victim Law Institute and the establishment and operation of the Institute’s programs to provide counsel for victims in criminal cases for the enforcement of crime victims’ rights in Federal jurisdictions, and in States and tribal governments that have laws substantially equivalent to the provisions of chapter 237 of title 18, United States Code; or
(B)other organizations substantially similar to that organization as determined by the Director of the Office for Victims of Crime.
(c)Increased resources to develop state-of-the-art systems for notifying crime victims of important dates and developmentsThe Victims of Crime Act of 1984 (42 U.S.C. 10601 et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 1404D the following:
1404E.Crime victims notification grants
(a)The Director may make grants as provided in section 1404(c)(1)(A) to State, tribal, and local prosecutors’ offices, law enforcement agencies, courts, jails, and correctional institutions, and to qualified public or private entities, to develop and implement state-of-the-art systems for notifying victims of crime of important dates and developments relating to the criminal proceedings at issue in a timely and efficient manner, provided that the jurisdiction has laws substantially equivalent to the provisions of chapter 237 of title 18, United States Code.
(b)Systems developed and implemented under this section may be integrated with existing case management systems operated by the recipient of the grant.
(c)Authorization of appropriationsIn addition to funds made available under section 1402(d), there are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section—
(1)$5,000,000 for fiscal year 2005; and
(2)$5,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2009.
(d)Notwithstanding any other provision of law, amounts collected pursuant to sections 3729 through 3731 of title 31, United States Code (commonly known as the False Claims Act
), may be used for grants under this section, subject to appropriation..
4.
(a)Administrative Office of the United States CourtsNot later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act and annually thereafter, the Administrative Office of the United States Courts, for each Federal court, shall report to Congress the number of times that a right established in chapter 237 of title 18, United States Code, is asserted in a criminal case and the relief requested is denied and, with respect to each such denial, the reason for such denial, as well as the number of times a mandamus action is brought pursuant to chapter 237 of title 18, and the result reached.
(b)General Accounting Office
(1)The Comptroller General shall conduct a study that evaluates the effect and efficacy of the implementation of the amendments made by this Act on the treatment of crime victims in the Federal system.
(2)Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General shall prepare and submit to the appropriate committees a report containing the results of the study conducted under subsection (a).