[Congressional Bills 107th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 2897 Introduced in Senate (IS)]







107th CONGRESS
  2d Session
                                S. 2897

    To assist in the conservation of marine turtles and the nesting 
            habitats of marine turtles in foreign countries.


_______________________________________________________________________


                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                           September 3, 2002

 Mr. Jeffords introduced the following bill; which was read twice and 
       referred to the Committee on Environment and Public Works

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
    To assist in the conservation of marine turtles and the nesting 
            habitats of marine turtles in foreign countries.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Marine Turtle Conservation Act of 
2002''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS AND PURPOSES.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds that--
            (1) marine turtle populations have declined to the point 
        that the long-term survival of the loggerhead, green, 
        hawksbill, Kemp's ridley, olive ridley, and leatherback turtle 
        in the wild is in serious jeopardy;
            (2) 6 of the 7 recognized species of marine turtles are 
        listed as threatened or endangered species under the Endangered 
        Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), and all 7 species 
        have been included in Appendix I of CITES;
            (3) because marine turtles are long-lived, late-maturing, 
        and highly migratory, marine turtles are particularly 
        vulnerable to the impacts of human exploitation and habitat 
        loss;
            (4) illegal international trade seriously threatens wild 
        populations of some marine turtle species, particularly the 
        hawksbill turtle;
            (5) the challenges facing marine turtles are immense, and 
        the resources available have not been sufficient to cope with 
        the continued loss of nesting habitats caused by human 
        activities and the consequent diminution of marine turtle 
        populations;
            (6) because marine turtles are flagship species for the 
        ecosystems in which marine turtles are found, sustaining 
        healthy populations of marine turtles provides benefits to many 
        other species of wildlife, including many other threatened or 
        endangered species;
            (7) marine turtles are important components of the 
        ecosystems that they inhabit, and studies of wild populations 
        of marine turtles have provided important biological insights;
            (8) changes in marine turtle populations are most reliably 
        indicated by changes in the numbers of nests and nesting 
        females; and
            (9) the reduction, removal, or other effective addressing 
        of the threats to the long-term viability of populations of 
        marine turtles will require the joint commitment and effort 
        of--
                    (A) countries that have within their boundaries 
                marine turtle nesting habitats; and
                    (B) persons with expertise in the conservation of 
                marine turtles.
    (b) Purpose.--The purpose of this Act is to assist in the 
conservation of marine turtles and the nesting habitats of marine 
turtles in foreign countries by supporting and providing financial 
resources for projects to conserve the nesting habitats, conserve 
marine turtles in those habitats, and address other threats to the 
survival of marine turtles.

SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS.

    In this Act:
            (1) CITES.--The term ``CITES'' means the Convention on 
        International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and 
        Flora (27 UST 1087; TIAS 8249).
            (2) Conservation.--The term ``conservation'' means the use 
        of all methods and procedures necessary to protect nesting 
        habitats of marine turtles in foreign countries and of marine 
        turtles in those habitats, including--
                    (A) protection, restoration, acquisition, and 
                management of nesting habitats;
                    (B) onsite research and monitoring of nesting 
                populations, nesting habitats, annual reproduction, and 
                species population trends;
                    (C) assistance in the development, implementation, 
                and improvement of national and regional management 
                plans for nesting habitat ranges;
                    (D) enforcement and implementation of CITES and 
                laws of foreign countries to--
                            (i) protect and manage nesting populations 
                        and nesting habitats; and
                            (ii) prevent illegal trade of marine 
                        turtles;
                    (E) training of local law enforcement officials in 
                the interdiction and prevention of--
                            (i) the illegal killing of marine turtles 
                        on nesting habitat; and
                            (ii) illegal trade in marine turtles;
                    (F) initiatives to resolve conflicts between humans 
                and marine turtles over habitat used by marine turtles 
                for nesting;
                    (G) community outreach and education; and
                    (H) strengthening of the ability of local 
                communities to implement nesting population and nesting 
                habitat conservation programs.
            (3) Fund.--The term ``Fund'' means the Marine Turtle 
        Conservation Fund established by 
        section 5.
            (4) Marine turtle.--
                    (A) In general.--The term ``marine turtle'' means 
                any member of the family Cheloniidae or Dermochelyidae.
                    (B) Inclusions.--The term ``marine turtle'' 
                includes--
                            (i) any part, product, egg, or offspring of 
                        a turtle described in subparagraph (A); and
                            (ii) a carcass of such a turtle.
            (5) Multinational species conservation fund.--The term 
        ``Multinational Species Conservation Fund'' means the fund 
        established under the heading ``multinational species 
        conservation fund'' in title I of the Department of the 
        Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1999 (16 
        U.S.C. 4246).
            (6) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary 
        of the Interior.

SEC. 4. MARINE TURTLE CONSERVATION ASSISTANCE.

    (a) In General.--Subject to the availability of funds and in 
consultation with other Federal officials, the Secretary shall use 
amounts in the Fund to provide financial assistance for projects for 
the conservation of marine turtles for which project proposals are 
approved by the Secretary in accordance with this section.
    (b) Project Proposals.--
            (1) Eligible applicants.--A proposal for a project for the 
        conservation of marine turtles may be submitted to the 
        Secretary by--
                    (A) any wildlife management authority of a foreign 
                country that has within its boundaries marine turtle 
                nesting habitat if the activities of the authority 
                directly or indirectly affect marine turtle 
                conservation; or
                    (B) any other person or group with the demonstrated 
                expertise required for the conservation of marine 
                turtles.
            (2) Required elements.--A project proposal shall include--
                    (A) a statement of the purposes of the project;
                    (B) the name of the individual with overall 
                responsibility for the project;
                    (C) a description of the qualifications of the 
                individuals that will conduct the project;
                    (D) a description of--
                            (i) methods for project implementation and 
                        outcome assessment;
                            (ii) staff and community management for the 
                        project; and
                            (iii) the logistics of the project;
                    (E) an estimate of the funds and time required to 
                complete the project;
                    (F) evidence of support for the project by 
                appropriate governmental entities of the countries in 
                which the project will be conducted, if the Secretary 
                determines that such support is required for the 
                success of the project;
                    (G) information regarding the source and amount of 
                matching funding available for the project; and
                    (H) any other information that the Secretary 
                considers to be necessary for evaluating the 
                eligibility of the project for funding under this Act.
    (c) Project Review and Approval.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary shall--
                    (A) not later than 30 days after receiving a 
                project proposal, provide a copy of the proposal to 
                other Federal officials, as appropriate; and
                    (B) review each project proposal in a timely manner 
                to determine whether the proposal meets the criteria 
                specified in subsection (d).
            (2) Consultation; approval or disapproval.--Not later than 
        180 days after receiving a project proposal, and subject to the 
        availability of funds, the Secretary, after consulting with 
        other Federal officials, as appropriate, shall--
                    (A) consult on the proposal with the government of 
                each country in which the project is to be conducted;
                    (B) after taking into consideration any comments 
                resulting from the consultation, approve or disapprove 
                the project proposal; and
                    (C) provide written notification of the approval or 
                disapproval to the person that submitted the project 
                proposal, other Federal officials, and each country 
                described in subparagraph (A).
    (d) Criteria for Approval.--The Secretary may approve a project 
proposal under this section if the project will help recover and 
sustain viable populations of marine turtles in the wild by assisting 
efforts in foreign countries to implement marine turtle conservation 
programs.
    (e) Project Sustainability.--To the maximum extent practicable, in 
determining whether to approve project proposals under this section, 
the Secretary shall give preference to conservation projects that are 
designed to ensure effective, long-term conservation of marine turtles 
and their nesting habitats.
    (f) Matching Funds.--In determining whether to approve project 
proposals under this section, the Secretary shall give preference to 
projects for which matching funds are available.
    (g) Project Reporting.--
            (1) In general.--Each person that receives assistance under 
        this section for a project shall submit to the Secretary 
        periodic reports (at such intervals as the Secretary may 
        require) that include all information that the Secretary, after 
        consultation with other government officials, determines is 
        necessary to evaluate the progress and success of the project 
        for the purposes of ensuring positive results, assessing 
        problems, and fostering improvements.
            (2) Availability to the public.--Reports under paragraph 
        (1), and any other documents relating to projects for which 
        financial assistance is provided under this Act, shall be made 
        available to the public.

SEC. 5. MARINE TURTLE CONSERVATION FUND.

    (a) Establishment.--There is established in the Multinational 
Species Conservation Fund a separate account to be known as the 
``Marine Turtle Conservation Fund'', consisting of--
            (1) amounts transferred to the Secretary of the Treasury 
        for deposit into the Fund under subsection (e);
            (2) amounts appropriated to the Fund under section 6; and
            (3) any interest earned on investment of amounts in the 
        Fund under subsection (c).
    (b) Expenditures From Fund.--
            (1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), on request by 
        the Secretary, the Secretary of the Treasury shall transfer 
        from the Fund to the Secretary, without further appropriation, 
        such amounts as the Secretary determines are necessary to carry 
        out section 4.
            (2) Administrative expenses.--Of the amounts in the account 
        available for each fiscal year, the Secretary may expand not 
        more than 3 percent, or up to $80,000, whichever is greater, to 
        pay the administrative expenses necessary to carry out this 
        Act.
    (c) Investment of Amounts.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary of the Treasury shall invest 
        such portion of the Fund as is not, in the judgment of the 
        Secretary of the Treasury, required to meet current 
        withdrawals. Investments may be made only in interest-bearing 
        obligations of the United States.
            (2) Acquisition of obligations.--For the purpose of 
        investments under paragraph (1), obligations may be acquired--
                    (A) on original issue at the issue price; or
                    (B) by purchase of outstanding obligations at the 
                market price.
            (3) Sale of obligations.--Any obligation acquired by the 
        Fund may be sold by the Secretary of the Treasury at the market 
        price.
            (4) Credits to fund.--The interest on, and the proceeds 
        from the sale or redemption of, any obligations held in the 
        Fund shall be credited to and form a part of the Fund.
    (d) Transfers of Amounts.--
            (1) In general.--The amounts required to be transferred to 
        the Fund under this section shall be transferred at least 
        monthly from the general fund of the Treasury to the Fund on 
        the basis of estimates made by the Secretary of the Treasury.
            (2) Adjustments.--Proper adjustment shall be made in 
        amounts subsequently transferred to the extent prior estimates 
        were in excess of or less than the amounts required to be 
        transferred.
    (e) Acceptance and Use of Donations.--The Secretary may accept and 
use donations to provide assistance under section 4. Amounts received 
by the Secretary in the form of donations shall be transferred to the 
Secretary of the Treasury for deposit in the Fund.

SEC. 6. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    There are authorized to be appropriated to the Fund $5,000,000 for 
each of fiscal years 2004 through 2008.
                                 <all>