[Congressional Bills 107th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 4114 Introduced in House (IH)]







107th CONGRESS
  2d Session
                                H. R. 4114

To increase the United States financial and programmatic contributions 
  to advancing the status of women and girls in low-income countries 
               around the world, and for other purposes.


_______________________________________________________________________


                    IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                             April 9, 2002

  Mrs. Morella (for herself and Mrs. Lowey) introduced the following 
 bill; which was referred to the Committee on International Relations, 
  and in addition to the Committees on Ways and Means, and Financial 
Services, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in 
   each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the 
                jurisdiction of the committee concerned

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
To increase the United States financial and programmatic contributions 
  to advancing the status of women and girls in low-income countries 
               around the world, and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS; FINDINGS AND DECLARATIONS OF 
              POLICY; GENERAL PROVISIONS.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Global Action and 
Investments for New Success for Women and Girls Act of 2002'' or 
``GAINS for Women and Girls Act of 2002''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents of this Act is as 
follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents; findings and declarations of 
                            policy; general provisions.
       TITLE I--INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT EFFECTIVENESS AND WOMEN

Sec. 101. Findings.
Sec. 102. Requirement to integrate women into United States 
                            international assistance programs.
Sec. 103. Annual report.
Sec. 104. Provisions relating to the Office of Women in Development 
                            (WID).
Sec. 105. Establishment of a supplemental fund for women in development 
                            activities.
Sec. 106. United States contribution to the United Nations Development 
                            Fund for Women (UNIFEM).
Sec. 107. Coordinating council to promote the advancement of women and 
                            girls.
       TITLE II--POVERTY REDUCTION AND WOMEN'S ECONOMIC EQUALITY

Sec. 201. Reducing women's poverty in developing countries.
Sec. 202. Supporting women's businesses through access to resources and 
                            financial markets.
Sec. 203. Improving the terms and conditions of women's work.
Sec. 204. Reviewing the impacts of trade liberalization on women and 
                            their communities.
    TITLE III--QUALITY EDUCATION FOR WOMEN AND GIRLS IN DEVELOPING 
                               COUNTRIES

Sec. 301. Findings.
Sec. 302. Amendment to Foreign Assistance Act of 1961.
 TITLE IV--LIFELONG HEALTH FOR WOMEN AND GIRLS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

Sec. 401. Health of children.
Sec. 402. Family planning and reproductive health and rights.
Sec. 403. Maternal health programs.
Sec. 404. Preventing and treating HIV/AIDS.
Sec. 405. Prevention and treatment of tuberculosis.
Sec. 406. Addressing female genital mutilation.
             TITLE V--WOMEN, AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY

Sec. 501. Findings.
Sec. 502. Programs to assist women farmers.
Sec. 503. International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD).
               TITLE VI--HUMAN RIGHTS OF WOMEN AND GIRLS

Sec. 601. Strengthening the human rights of women and girls.
Sec. 602. Prevention of trafficking in women and children.
Sec. 603. Access for Afghan Women Act of 2002.
Sec. 604. Ratification of Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of 
                            Discrimination Against Women.
                   TITLE VII--VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN

Sec. 701. Findings.
Sec. 702. United States international programs to prevent violence 
                            against women and girls.
Sec. 703. Report.
            TITLE VIII--WOMEN, CONFLICTS, AND PEACE BUILDING

Sec. 801. Findings.
Sec. 802. United States international programs.
Sec. 803. Ratification of the Optional Protocol to the Convention on 
                            the Rights of the Child on the Involvement 
                            of Children in Armed Conflict.
             TITLE IX--WOMEN'S LEADERSHIP AND PARTICIPATION

Sec. 901. Findings.
Sec. 902. United States international programs to increase women's 
                            leadership and participation.
Sec. 903. United States International Fund for Women's Leadership.
Sec. 904. International Museum of Women.
                   TITLE X--WOMEN AND THE ENVIRONMENT

Sec. 1001. Findings.
Sec. 1002. United States international environmental programs.
Sec. 1003. Negotiations of environmental treaties and protocols.
Sec. 1004. Ratification of the United Nations Convention on Persistent 
                            Organic Pollutants.
Sec. 1005. Global Environment Facility.
               TITLE XI--AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS

Sec. 1101. Authorization of appropriations.
    (c) Findings and Declarations of Policy.--Congress makes the 
following findings and declarations of policy:
            (1) Economic globalization is not reaching most of the 
        world's poorest women, girls, and communities. United States 
        international economic policies, particularly in the areas of 
        business development, multilateral development banks, trade 
        liberalization and debt relief for developing countries, should 
        help create a positive environment for women's economic 
        empowerment and equality between women and men.
            (2) As the complexity of the global economy increases, so 
        too does the important role of women. Women comprise 
        approximately 75 percent of workers in the ``shadow'', or 
        informal economy, and constitute an ever-greater share of the 
        workforce in developing countries.
            (3) Many studies have proven that international development 
        investments in women and girls bring the greatest gains for 
        economic growth and national development. When women increase 
        their incomes they directly invest this additional capital in 
        the education, health, and welfare of their children, breaking 
        the cycle of poverty.
            (4) The United States must substantially increase the 
        amount of attention and resources it contributes to implement 
        commitments made at the United Nations Fourth World Conference 
        on Women in 1995 and at the United Nations Special Assembly 
        Session on Women in 2000 in its foreign policy, development 
        assistance programs, and international economic policies.
            (5) Just as women's lives cannot be compartmentalized, no 
        one sectoral intervention is sufficient to create the 
        environment in which women and girls can thrive economically 
        and socially. Investments are necessary in many mutually 
        supporting areas, including consideration for the different 
        roles of women and men in all United States international 
        policies and programs, economic development and poverty 
        reduction activities for women, education and training, 
        comprehensive health care, agricultural development, protection 
        of women's human rights, violence prevention, leadership 
        development, assistance to women in conflict situations, and 
        environmental protection.
    (d) General Provisions.--All programs, projects, activities, or 
actions contained in this Act, or any amendment made by this Act, shall 
comply with the following requirements:
            (1) Collection and analysis of sex-disaggregated data for 
        all program development, implementation, evaluation, and 
        reporting activities.
            (2) Extensive consultation with in-country organizations 
        that work with target populations and directly with target 
        populations before project design begins and throughout the 
        project cycle.
            (3) Coordination and delivery of assistance through 
        locally-based nongovernmental organizations together with 
        financial and technical support to build the capacity of these 
        organizations to deliver effective programming.
            (4) Coordination of activities with other bilateral, 
        multilateral, nongovernmental, and private sector donors active 
        in the relevant sector and country.

       TITLE I--INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT EFFECTIVENESS AND WOMEN

SEC. 101. FINDINGS.

    Congress finds the following:
            (1) The most effective use of the United States development 
        dollar is an investment in women and girls. Numerous studies 
        show that programs to advance the health, education, economic 
        opportunity, and social status of women directly lead to 
        accelerated economic growth for developing and transitional 
        country economies.
            (2) Development programs and projects that take into 
        account the different cultural roles of women and men during 
        the design, implementation, and evaluation phases show far 
        better results than programs or projects that do not consider 
        these roles.
            (3) For nearly 3 decades, the United States has been a 
        leader in creating and supporting bilateral and multilateral 
        women in development policies and programs. In 1974, the United 
        States Agency for International Development (USAID) established 
        the Office of Women in Development (WID). This Office has 
        served as a focal point for increasing the effectiveness of 
        United States development efforts by taking gender issues into 
        account throughout all phases of development planning, 
        implementation, and evaluation.
            (4) Women's equality is a core development issue that 
        enhances United States global interests. Comprehensive policies 
        and programs of the Office of Women in Development reflect the 
        reality that women around the world play critical roles in 
        economic growth and development, and their contributions 
        reverberate from the global economy all the way down to the 
        poorest households.

SEC. 102. REQUIREMENT TO INTEGRATE WOMEN INTO U.S. INTERNATIONAL 
              ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS.

    (a) Part II of Foreign Assistance Act of 1961.--Section 113(a) of 
the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151k(a)) is amended by 
inserting after ``this part'' the following: ``and part II of this Act 
(including chapter 4 of such part)''.
    (b) Support for East European Democracy (SEED) Act of 1989.--
            (1) In general.--The Support for East European Democracy 
        (SEED) Act of 1989 (22 U.S.C. 5401 et seq.) is amended by 
        inserting after section 3 the following:

``SEC. 4. INTEGRATING WOMEN INTO NATIONAL ECONOMIES.

    ``In recognition of the fact that women in developing countries 
play a significant role in economic production, family support, and the 
overall development process of the national economies of such 
countries, this Act shall be administered so as to give particular 
attention to those programs, projects, and activities which integrate 
women into the national economies of developing countries, thus 
improving their status and assisting the total development effort.''.
            (2) Conforming amendment.--The table of contents of such 
        Act (22 U.S.C. 5401(a) note) is amended by inserting after the 
        item relating to section 3 the following:

Sec. 4. Integrating women into national economies.

    (c) Public Law 480.--The Agricultural Trade Development and 
Assistance Act of 1954 (7 U.S.C. 1691 et seq.) is amended by inserting 
after section 3 the following:

``SEC. 4. INTEGRATING WOMEN INTO NATIONAL ECONOMIES.

    ``In recognition of the fact that women in developing countries 
play a significant role in economic production, family support, and the 
overall development process of the national economies of such 
countries, this Act shall be administered so as to give particular 
attention to those programs, projects, and activities which integrate 
women into the national economies of developing countries, thus 
improving their status and assisting the total development effort.''.

SEC. 103. ANNUAL REPORT.

    The Administrator of the United States Agency for International 
Development shall prepare and submit to the  Congress an annual report 
on the extent to which the requirements contained in section 113(a) of 
the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, section 4 of the Support for East 
European Democracy (SEED) Act of 1989, and section 4 of the 
Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954 (each as 
added by section 102 of this Act) are being carried out.

SEC. 104. PROVISIONS RELATING TO THE OFFICE OF WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT 
              (WID).

    Not later than 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, 
the Administrator of the United States Agency for International 
Development shall carry out the following:
            (1) Appoint a head of the Office of Women in Development at 
        the Deputy Assistant Administrator level or higher.
            (2) Establish a working group within the Office consisting 
        of Deputy Assistant Administrators of the Agency. Members of 
        the working group shall meet on a routine basis to monitor and 
        assist with the ongoing implementation of and compliance with 
        gender integration policies and programs of the Agency and with 
        all provisions contained in title I of this Act.

SEC. 105. ESTABLISHMENT OF A SUPPLEMENTAL FUND FOR WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT 
              ACTIVITIES.

    The Administrator of the United States Agency for International 
Development shall establish a supplemental fund within the Office of 
Women in Development at the Agency to provide matching funds to 
missions of the Agency or to specific projects for the purposes of 
incorporating the different roles of women and men into program design, 
implementation, and evaluation and to implement activities to promote 
the advancement of women and girls. Matching funds shall be granted 
with the approval of the Deputy Assistant Administrator for Women in 
Development.

SEC. 106. UNITED STATES CONTRIBUTION TO THE UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT 
              FUND FOR WOMEN (UNIFEM).

    The President is authorized to make a voluntary contribution on a 
grant basis to the United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM).

SEC. 107. COORDINATING COUNCIL TO PROMOTE THE ADVANCEMENT OF WOMEN AND 
              GIRLS.

    (a) Establishment.--The President is authorized to establish a 
coordinating council to promote the advancement of women and girls in 
the programs and policies of all Federal agencies and departments and 
for providing a means for nongovernmental organizations to work in 
partnership with the Federal government on areas of mutual concern.
    (b) Composition.--The council shall be comprised of representatives 
of each Federal agency or department at the Deputy Assistant Secretary 
or Deputy Assistant Administrator level or higher and chaired by a 
Cabinet-level Secretary.
    (c) Location and Staffing.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) the council should be placed within the Office of the 
        President;
            (2) the full-time staff director of the council should be a 
        high-level appointee who has credibility both within the United 
        States Government and within the community of women's and 
        nongovernmental organizations; and
            (3) should be supported by sufficient staff and resources 
        to carry out this section.

       TITLE II--POVERTY REDUCTION AND WOMEN'S ECONOMIC EQUALITY

SEC. 201. REDUCING WOMEN'S POVERTY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES.

    (a) Findings and Declarations of Policy.--Congress makes the 
following findings and declarations of policy:
            (1) More than 1,000,000,000 people in the world today, the 
        great majority of whom are women, live in unacceptable 
        conditions of poverty, mostly in developing nations. Poverty is 
        a complex, multidimensional problem, with origins in both the 
        national and international domains.
            (2) Income inequality is growing in many countries around 
        the world. Gaps between rich and poor men and rich and poor 
        women have also widened.
            (3) The globalization of the world's economy and the 
        deepening interdependence among nations present challenges and 
        opportunities for sustained economic growth and poverty 
        elimination.
            (4) The international community has reached consensus on a 
        set of goals to promote human development in the 21st century. 
        The United States must now act on these goals and fulfill its 
        commitments by increasing its official development assistance 
        contribution from 0.03 percent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 
        to 0.07 percent of GDP.
            (5) The availability of basic services such as education, 
        health care, and water are crucial for the survival of poor 
        women and their families and important prerequisites for 
        assisting women in leaving poverty behind.
            (6) While the intentions behind the privatization of 
        education, health care, and water may be fiscally sound, 
        privatization can close access for the poor to these essential 
        services if it is not implemented with specific safeguards, 
        monitoring, and accountability mechanisms designed to protect 
        the poor.
    (b) Development of Poverty Indicators.--
            (1) Support for united nations.--The Secretary of Commerce, 
        acting through the Bureau of the Census, and the Secretary of 
        Labor, acting through the Bureau of Labor Statistics, shall 
        provide financial, human resource, and other programmatic 
        support to the United Nations Development Program and the 
        United Nation's Statistical Office to work in collaboration 
        with the World Bank to develop and agree upon standardized 
        measurements of women's relative and absolute poverty.
            (2) Support for developing countries.--The Secretary of 
        Commerce, acting through the Bureau of the Census, and the 
        Secretary of Labor, acting through the Bureau of Labor 
        Statistics, shall provide financial support and training to 
        statistical agencies within developing countries to help build 
        the capacity of these countries to collect, analyze, and use 
        gender-disaggregated poverty indicators for policy-making, 
        economic and social program development, and service delivery.
    (c) Monitoring and Accountability for Reducing Women's Poverty by 
Half by 2015.--
            (1) In general.--Of the amount made available from the 
        supplemental fund pursuant to section 105 of this Act for a 
        fiscal year, the Administrator of the United States Agency for 
        International Development is authorized to use up to $1,000,000 
        of such amount to establish baseline data and monitor progress 
        toward the goal of reducing the poverty of women by half by 
        2015.
            (2) Reports.--The Administrator shall, as part of the 
        annual congressional presentation documents of the Agency, 
        submit to Congress a report  that contains a description of the 
progress toward the goal referred to in paragraph (1), including a 
description of not only the relevant activities implemented, but also 
on the overall impact on reduction of indicators of women's poverty as 
developed and agreed upon pursuant to subsection (b)(1).
    (d) Removing Legal and Structural Barriers to Reducing Women's 
Poverty.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator of the United States 
        Agency for International Development, working closely with the 
        Deputy Assistant Administrator for Women in Development, shall 
        conduct an analysis of legal and structural barriers to 
        reducing women's poverty in developing countries in which the 
        Agency is conducting programs. Such barriers, for example, may 
        include laws that bar or discourage women's ownership of assets 
        such as land, property, financial resources, and other related 
        barriers.
            (2) New activities.--Based on the results of the analysis 
        under paragraph (1), the Administrator shall institute new 
        activities to assist developing countries in removing barriers 
        referred to in paragraph (1).
            (3) Funding.--Of the amount made available from the 
        supplemental fund pursuant to section 105 of this Act for a 
        fiscal year, the Administrator is authorized to use up to 
        $1,000,000 of such amount to carry out this subsection.
    (e) Development of Social Insurance Programs in Developing and 
Transitional Countries.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary of the Treasury shall 
        encourage governments of developing and transitional economy 
        countries to develop and implement social insurance programs as 
        part of their poverty alleviation and national development 
        strategies. At a minimum, the Secretary shall ensure that 
        actions and policies of the Department of the Treasury do not 
        hinder the abilities of such governments to provide social 
        insurance programs for their citizens, pursue national 
        employment goals, and implement programs to stimulate demand 
        for labor.
            (2) Multilateral development banks.--The Secretary of the 
        Treasury shall instruct the United States executive director to 
        each multilateral development bank to use the voice, vote, and 
        influence of the United States--
                    (A) to vote against any loan or project that will 
                negatively impact the ability of a government of a 
                developing or transitional economy country to provide 
                social insurance programs for its citizens, pursue 
                national employment goals, or implement programs to 
                stimulate demand for labor; and
                    (B) to vote against any loan or project in 
                countries receiving loans from the International 
                Development Association or participating in the program 
                for heavily indebted poor countries that includes user 
                fees or other cost recovery mechanisms that do not 
                include safeguards to ensure that such fees do not 
                adversely impact the poor or reduce access to basic 
                services such as health care, education, water, and 
                electricity.
    (f) Utilizing Debt Relief Programs to Reduce Women's Poverty.--
            (1) Report.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the 
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary of the Treasury shall 
        submit to Congress a report on debt relief programs led by, or 
        coordinated with, international financial institutions, 
        including the extent to which poor countries and the poorest of 
        the poor, especially women and girls, benefit from debt relief, 
        including measurable evidence of any such benefits.
            (2) Additional requirement.--The Secretary of the Treasury 
        shall instruct the United States Executive Directors at the 
        International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the 
        International Monetary Fund to use the voice, vote, and 
        influence of the United States to ensure that the savings from 
        debt cancellation are used for poverty reduction programs in a 
        process that is fair and transparent, and that includes the 
        participation of national governments, parliamentary bodies, 
        nongovernmental organizations, including women's organizations, 
        and other civil society institutions.
    (g) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) International financial institution.--The term 
        ``international financial institution'' means the International 
        Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the International 
        Development Association, the International Finance Corporation, 
        the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency, the International 
        Monetary Fund, the Asian Development Bank, the African 
        Development Bank, the African Development Fund, the Inter-
        American Investment Corporation, the Inter-American Development 
        Bank, and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development.
            (2) Social insurance programs.--The term ``social insurance 
        programs'' means all forms of public insurance that mitigate 
        against declines in income or against a particular risk, such 
        as unemployment, disability, or old age.
            (3) User fees.--The term ``user fees'' means fees applied 
        to services or utilities designed to recover full or partial 
        costs of services.

SEC. 202. SUPPORTING WOMEN'S BUSINESSES THROUGH ACCESS TO RESOURCES AND 
              FINANCIAL MARKETS

    (a) Findings.--Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) Many poor entrepreneurs are trapped in poverty because 
        they cannot obtain credit at reasonable rates to expand their 
        otherwise viable self-employment activities. Women in 
        particular have difficultly accessing credit because many 
        countries bar women from legally owning assets that they can 
        offer as collateral.
            (2) Microenterprise plays a vital role in the efforts of 
        the United States to lead the development of a new global 
        financial architecture. Recent shocks  to international 
financial markets demonstrate how the financial sector can shape 
national development and impact poverty. Microfinance is also a 
powerful tool for building a more inclusive financial sector serving 
the broad majority of the world's population, including poor women, 
generating social stability and prosperity.
            (3) Beyond microenterprise, women are generating the most 
        growth in the small- and medium-sized business sector in 
        developing and transitional economies. Around the world, 
        women's small- and medium-sized businesses represent one-
        quarter to one-third of all businesses. New jobs generated 
        through this sector can play an important role in providing 
        gainful, safe, and dignified employment to the poor.
            (4) Information technology is an important tool for 
        furthering women's economic advancement. For example, 
        information technology can help women gain market information 
        in order to sell their goods at a fair price and to expand 
        their market participation. In many developing countries less 
        than 1 percent of the population has access to information 
        technology--either male or female. High rates of illiteracy 
        among poor women represent a major barrier to women's use of 
        information technology.
    (b) Amendments to Foreign Assistance Act of 1961.--
            (1) Micro- and small enterprise development credits.--
        Section 108 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (b)(3), by inserting after 
                ``training programs for microentrepreneurs'' the 
                following: ``, with an emphasis on women,''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(g) Reporting Requirement.--The Administrator of the United 
States Agency for International Development shall, as part of the 
annual congressional presentation documents of the Agency, submit to 
Congress a report that contains--
            ``(1) indicators on the number of women living below the 
        national poverty line that have secured loans or received 
        training through the programs described in this Act; and
            ``(2) the percentage of women borrowers in programs funded 
        by the Agency, the percentage of total loan funds received by 
        women borrowers, and the impact of such loans on the economic 
        status of such women.''.
            (2) Microenterprise development grant assistance.--Section 
        131 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (b)(1)(D), by inserting at the 
                end before the period the following: ``, including 
                programs to eliminate legal and institutional barriers 
                to women's ownership of assets, access to credit, and 
                engagement in business activities within or outside of 
                the home'';
                    (B) in subsection (b)(2)(C), by inserting at the 
                end before the period the following: ``, including 
                women's organizations'';
                    (C) in subsection (b)(3), in the first sentence, by 
                striking ``as established by the national government of 
                the country''; and
                    (D) in subsection (c), by adding at the end the 
                following: ``All goals, reports, analyses and 
                recommendations required by this section shall be 
                disaggregated by sex.''.
    (c) Support for Women's Small- and Medium-Sized Businesses.--
            (1) USAID.--The Administrator of the United States Agency 
        for International Development, working closely with the Deputy 
        Assistant Administrator for Women in Development, shall 
        incorporate the following activities into existing and future 
        programs of the Agency to promote small businesses and medium-
        sized businesses in developing countries:
                    (A) Work with developing country governments to 
                enhance or create laws, regulations, and other 
                practices that promote the growth of banking and 
                financial services for small businesses and medium-
                sized businesses, and to eliminate or reduce regulatory 
                barriers that may exist in this regard. In particular, 
                promote specific policy or regulatory measures that 
                increase access to these services for women-owned small 
                businesses and medium-sized businesses.
                    (B) Strongly encourage developing country 
                governments to reduce corruption at the national, 
                regional, and local levels, which women's businesses 
                report as one of the leading barriers to their growth.
                    (C) Promote access to information technology (IT) 
                with training in IT for women-owned small businesses 
                and medium-sized businesses.
                    (D) Provide training, through local associations of 
                women-owned businesses and government programs, in 
                financial and personnel management, international 
                trade, business planning, marketing, and policy 
                advocacy.
                    (E) Provide resources to establish and enhance 
                local, national, and international networks and 
                associations of women-owned small businesses and 
                medium-sized businesses.
            (2) Department of commerce.--The Secretary of Commerce 
        shall encourage United States business participants on trade 
        missions to developing and transitional countries to meet with 
        women-owned small businesses and medium-sized businesses in 
        such countries.
    (d) Access to Information Technology (IT) and Training.--The 
Administrator of the United States Agency for International 
Development, working closely with the Deputy Assistant Administrator 
for Women in Development, shall incorporate the following activities 
into existing and future information technology programs of the Agency:
            (1) Assist and encourage developing countries to include 
        gender analysis and activities to promote the use of 
        information technology among women in their national 
        information technology policies.
            (2) Assist developing countries in building infrastructure 
        in wireless and commercial satellite communications, 
        particularly for rural and peri-urban areas.
            (3) Include the use of information technology in programs 
        in basic education and literacy training.
            (4) Develop programs to increase the number of girls and 
        women studying information technology-related subjects.
            (5) Provide assistance to nongovernmental organizations 
        working with poor women to deliver information technology 
        hardware and training to their beneficiaries.
    (e) Definitions.--In this title:
            (1) Microcredit program.--The term ``microcredit program'' 
        means a program that provides small loans and other financial 
        services such as savings to very poor microentrepreneurs.
            (2) Microenterprise.--The term ``microenterprise'' means a 
        business with 10 or fewer employees from among individuals who 
        are poor or disadvantaged.
            (3) Small business.--The term ``small business'' means a 
        business enterprise with approximately 10 to 100 employees.

SEC. 203. IMPROVING THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF WOMEN'S WORK.

    (a) Findings and Declarations of Policy.--Congress makes the 
following findings and declarations of policy:
            (1) Women work for pay in two primary and overlapping 
        fields of activity--the formal sector (that set of activities 
        in private or publicly owned enterprise or in the civil service 
        which conform generally to tax and labor laws and other state 
        regulations) and the informal sector (that set of economic 
        activities characterized by relative ease of entry, reliance on 
        indigenous resources, family ownership, small scale of 
        operations, labor intensity, and unregulated markets).
            (2) Once expected to dwindle with economic growth, the 
        informal sector today provides the majority of employment in 
        many developing countries. In Africa, this sector creates 93 
        percent of new jobs in the economy and as much as 80 percent of 
        non-agricultural employment is in the informal sector.
            (3) Street vending is a global phenomenon. In cities and 
        towns throughout the world millions of people earn their living 
        by selling a wide range of goods and services on the streets. 
        Despite a general belief that street vending recedes as 
        economies develop and incomes rise, it is actually on the 
        increase in many places. Street vendors represent a significant 
        share of the urban informal sector. In many parts of Asia, 
        Africa, and Latin America women represent a majority of these 
        vendors.
            (4) Home-based work (work carried out by a person (A) in 
        his or her home or in other premises of his or her own choice, 
        other than the workplace of the employer, (B) for remuneration, 
        and (C) which results in a product or service as specified by 
        the employer, irrespective of who provides the equipment, 
        materials or other inputs used, unless this person has degree 
        of autonomy and of economic independence necessary to be 
        considered an independent worker under national laws, 
        regulations or court decisions) is growing in developing 
        countries. Homeworkers are a major part of the workforce in the 
        garment, leather, footwear, carpet, and electronics industries. 
        Increasing numbers of homeworkers work in computer-based 
        services.
            (5) Women also spend considerable time in work that is not 
        paid, such as childcare, cooking, cleaning, sewing, subsistence 
        agriculture, or contributing to a family enterprise. If the 
        unpaid invisible work by women were fully taken into account in 
        labor statistics, their levels of economic activity would 
        increase from 10 percent to 20 percent. Global estimates 
        suggest that women's unpaid work produces an output of 
        $11,000,000,000,000, compared to a global GDP of about 
        $23,000,000,000,000. Without an adequate assessment of this 
        unpaid work, it is impossible to measure the transfer of state-
        supported or provided services to women's unpaid labor (for 
        example, health care shifted from public services to in-home 
        care provided by women) as governments cut or privatize social 
        services.
    (b) Improving Women's Work.--The Administrator of the United States 
Agency for International Development, working closely with the Deputy 
Assistant Administrator for Women in Development, shall provide 
technical assistance to developing countries to design and implement 
laws, regulations, and programs to promote child care, access to social 
security and unemployment insurance, parental leave, minimum wages, 
occupational health and safety, freedom of association and collective 
bargaining, and non-discrimination in employment and remuneration. 
Technical assistance and programs shall also be provided to eliminate 
the use of child or forced labor.
    (c) Improving Women's Work in the Formal Sector.--The Board of 
Directors of the Overseas Private Investment Corporation and the Board 
of Directors of the Export-Import Bank of the United States shall 
encourage United States businesses that receive support from the 
Corporation or the Bank for activities in developing or transitional 
economies to comply with the Social Accountability 8000 voluntary 
standards for corporations developed by Social Accountability 
International.
    (d) Improving Women's Work in the Informal Sector.--
            (1) Declaration of support.--Congress expresses its support 
        for the International Labor Organization Home Work Convention 
        (177) and urges the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 
        Senate to hold hearings on the convention and submit the 
        convention to the full floor of the Senate for a vote on advice 
        and consent to ratification.
            (2) Support by usaid.--The Administrator of the United 
        States Agency for International Development shall carry out the 
        following:
                    (A) Provide support to the United Nations 
                Statistical Office to develop a framework for the 
                inclusion of informal sector employment into the System 
                of National Accounts (SNA) which provides the basic 
                framework for defining what constitutes production and 
                economic activity and methods for assessing the value 
                of production in the economic sectors. Such support 
                shall include the development of improved guidelines on 
                how to determine the value of production for the 
                informal sector in relation to total production.
                    (B) Provide support to the International Labor 
                Organization to improve collection of data on the 
                informal sector in labor force statistics and 
                coordinate activities with international agencies and 
                networks such as the United Nations Development 
                Program's project on ``Engendering Labor Force 
                Statistics''.
                    (C) Make use of such improved information in 
                national income accounts and labor forces statistics 
                for the formulation of development assistance policies 
                and programs.
    (f) Efforts To Measure Unremunerated Work.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator of the United States 
        Agency for International Development, in conjunction with the 
        Secretary of State, shall support, on a financial and 
        programmatic basis, the efforts of the United Nations 
        Statistical Office to produce measurements on unremunerated  
work and the reporting of this work in satellite accounts. This data 
shall be used to monitor and evaluate United States international 
poverty reduction programs and in reviewing the impacts of trade 
liberalization on women as required by section 204 of this Act.
            (2) Definition.--In this subsection, the term ``satellite 
        accounts'' means accounts that provide measurements of non-
        monetized productive activities and are designed to be used in 
        conjunction with national income product accounts measures, as 
        established by the United Nations Convention on National 
        Accounts.

SEC. 204. REVIEWING THE IMPACTS OF TRADE LIBERALIZATION ON WOMEN AND 
              THEIR COMMUNITIES.

    (a) Short Title.--This section may be cited as the ``Women and 
International Trade Act of 2001''.
    (b) Findings.--Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) The various forces of globalization have brought 
        enormous wealth to some, but have also increased economic 
        inequality within and between nations.
            (2) Trade liberalization can open new employment to women, 
        while eliminating employment for others. Trade adjustment 
        assistance is an appropriate and effective tool in assisting 
        those who are displaced in finding new employment.
            (3) Women contribute to and are affected by trade 
        liberalization as workers, businesswomen, farmers, producers, 
        and consumers.
            (4) United States international trade, social development, 
        and international development policy should be linked with the 
        goal of improving women's social and economic status in the 
        United States and abroad.
            (5) Enhancing women's status not only improves individual 
        lives, but also eliminates market inefficiencies and leads to 
        greater economic growth and trade.
    (c) Availability of United States Market to HIPC Country 
Products.--The United States Trade Representative shall take 
appropriate steps to open the United States market to products that 
countries participating in the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries program 
have the ability to export, particularly in the agricultural sector.
    (d) Advisory Committee for Trade, Gender, and Development Policy.--
            (1) Establishment.--The United States Trade Representative, 
        pursuant to section 135(c)(2) of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 
        U.S.C. 2155(c)(2), shall establish within the Office of the 
        United States Trade Representative a Trade, Gender, and 
        Development Policy Advisory Committee (hereafter in this 
        section referred to as the ``Advisory Committee'') to provide 
        policy advice on issues involving trade, gender, and 
        international development.
            (2) Membership.--
                    (A) Number and appointment.--The Advisory Committee 
                shall be composed of not more than 35 members, 
                appointed by the Trade Representative, who shall 
                include, but not be limited to, representatives from 
                women's interest groups, private voluntary 
                organizations, international aid organizations, and 
                appropriate representatives from Federal departments 
                and agencies. The membership of the Advisory Committee 
                shall be broadly representative of key sectors and 
                groups of the economy with an interest in trade, 
                gender, and international development policy issues.
                    (B) Term.--Members of the Advisory Committee shall 
                be appointed for a term of 2 years and may be 
                reappointed for additional terms.
                    (C) Political affiliation.--Members may be 
                appointed the Advisory Committee without regard to 
                political affiliation.
                    (D) Vacancy.--A vacancy in the Advisory Committee 
                shall be filled in the manner in which the original 
                appointment was made.
                    (E) Chairperson.--The Chairperson of the Advisory 
                Committee shall be designated by the Trade 
                Representative at the time of appointment.
            (3) Designees.--The Trade Representative may request one or 
        more members of the Advisory Committee to designate a staff-
        level representative for discussions of technical issues 
        related to trade and environmental policy.
            (4) Duties.--The Advisory Committee--
                    (A) shall assess the impact of all current and 
                future United States bilateral and multilateral trade 
                agreements on women in accordance with such section; 
                and
                    (B) shall make recommendations to the Trade 
                Representative based upon assessments made pursuant to 
                subparagraph (A).
    (e) Review of United States Trade Agreements.--
            (1) Review.--The United States Trade Representative, the 
        Secretary of Labor, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, 
        the Secretary of State, and the Administrator of the United 
        States Agency for International Development, in conjunction 
        with the Advisory Committee for Trade, Gender, and Development 
        Policy (established under subsection (d)) and interested 
        nongovernmental organizations, shall carry out a review of--
                    (A) the impact of each United States bilateral and 
                multilateral trade agreement on areas important to the 
                well-being of women, men, and their communities in both 
                the United States and in developing and transitional 
                countries that receive assistance from the United 
                States government, including areas of employment, wages 
                and earnings, working conditions, occupational health 
                and safety, access to social services such as education 
                and health care, access to basic services such as water 
                and electricity, and other areas as recommended by the 
                Advisory Committee; and
                    (B) the coherence between United States goals for 
                sustainable economic, environmental, and social 
                development and United States trade policies carried 
                out by the Office of the United States Trade 
                Representative, including the extent to which issues 
                relating to gender are integrated into United States 
                negotiation positions relating to trade agreements.
            (2) Reports.--
                    (A) For future trade agreements.--Not later than 90 
                days after the date on which the United States Trade 
                Representative submits formal proposals for negotiation 
                with other parties to a trade agreement, the 
                individuals and entities referred to in paragraph (1) 
                shall prepare and submit to Congress a report that 
                contains--
                            (i) the results of the review conducted 
                        pursuant to paragraph (1) with respect to the 
                        trade agreement under negotiation; and
                            (ii) recommendations for changes in United 
                        States trade negotiating proposals, trade 
                        adjustment assistance programs in the United 
                        States, and international development 
                        assistance programs to ensure that women in 
                        particular can take advantage of new 
                        opportunities created by United States trade 
                        agreements and to respond to the needs of 
                        persons who may be adversely affected.
                    (B) Current trade agreements.--Not later than 1 
                year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the 
                individuals and entities referred to in paragraph (1) 
                shall prepare and submit to Congress a report that 
                contains--
                            (i) the results of the review conducted 
                        pursuant to subsection (a) with respect to 
                        trade agreements in effect as of the date of 
                        the enactment of this Act; and
                            (ii) recommendations for changes in United 
                        States trade negotiating proposals, trade 
                        adjustment assistance programs in the United 
                        States, and international development 
                        assistance programs to ensure that women in 
                        particular can take advantage of new 
                        opportunities created by United States trade 
                        agreements and to respond to the needs of 
                        persons who may be adversely affected.

    TITLE III--QUALITY EDUCATION FOR WOMEN AND GIRLS IN DEVELOPING 
                               COUNTRIES

SEC. 301. FINDINGS.

    Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) Investing in girls' education is one of the most 
        effective means of promoting economic growth and poverty 
        reduction. Educating girls has a significant impact on long-
        term development objectives, and has been proven to result in 
        reduced family size, reduced rates of infant and maternal 
        mortality, increased wages, improved family health, and 
        improved educational status for the next generation.
            (2) Girls account for two-thirds of the 125,000,000 
        children not in primary schools and millions of girls suffer in 
        poor learning environments that enforce gender stereotypes. 
        Girls are less likely to complete school than are boys and the 
        mean achievement level of girls is 40 percent lower than that 
        of boys.
            (3) Countries affected by HIV/AIDS have lost a large 
        proportion of primary and secondary school teachers. Training 
        of new teachers is a critical need in order to maintain and 
        increase primary school enrollment and completion.
            (4) Access to education is the most critical prerequisite 
        to the participation of women and girls in the global economy. 
        United States investments in education and training in the new 
        century must provide the required skills for an increasingly 
        knowledge-intensive and global economy. In particular, women 
        and girls need access to and skills in information 
        technologies.

SEC. 302. AMENDMENT TO FOREIGN ASSISTANCE ACT OF 1961.

    Section 105 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151c) 
is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(c)(1) Congress reaffirms the goals established by the 
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and the United 
Nations of achieving global gender equity in education by 2005 and 
achieving universal access to basic education by 2015.
    ``(2) Assistance provided under this section shall be used to 
support activities that promote gender equity and increased access to 
quality education for girls and women in developing and transitional 
countries. Such activities may include, but are not limited to--
            ``(A) support for policy reform, such as encouraging 
        governments to locate schools closer to communities, provide 
        appropriate facilities for girls, reduce the cost of schooling, 
        and recruit female teachers;
            ``(B) assistance to mobilize communities to promote girls' 
        education and participate in decision-making relating to 
        schooling;
            ``(C) training of teachers, including training in gender-
        equitable teaching methods;
            ``(D) support for the development of curriculum free from 
        gender bias;
            ``(E) literacy programs for adult women;
            ``(F) support for increased access of women and girls to 
        information technologies and training;
            ``(G) projects to increase women's participation in 
        secondary, technical, and higher education; and
            ``(H) assessment of the risks of school-based violence and 
        incorporation of specific measures to prevent such violence and 
        to ensure prosecution of individuals responsible for such 
        violence.''.

 TITLE IV--LIFELONG HEALTH FOR WOMEN AND GIRLS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

SEC. 401. HEALTH OF CHILDREN.

    (a) Findings.--Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) Health-related discrimination against girls and women 
        occurs throughout their life-span. It includes prenatal sex 
        selection, female infanticide, and preference for sons with 
        respect to nutrition and medical care.
            (2) Girls are also subject to harmful traditional practices 
        such as violence and female genital mutilation. Physical, 
        sexual, and psychological abuse that is present in all cultures 
        and countries affects far more girls than boys.
            (3) Poverty and war together have led to severe health 
        consequences for children. More than 10,000,000 children will 
        die before their fifth birthday of preventable causes in 
        developing countries, including pneumonia, diarrhea, malaria, 
        malnutrition, and measles. These diseases kill a child every 5 
        seconds.
            (4) With additional resources, it is estimated that 
        15,000,000 additional children could be saved by 2010 through 
        increased child immunization rates.
            (5) Child labor, increasing in the global economy, has also 
        directly affected the health of children. According to the 
        International Labor Organization (ILO), approximately 
        250,000,000 children between the ages of 5 and 14 work in 
        developing countries  and some 50,000,000 to 60,000,000 
children between the ages of 5 and 11 work in hazardous circumstances. 
Two-thirds of these children are girls.
    (b) Child Survival Programs.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator of the United States 
        Agency for International Development shall establish and carry 
        out programs to provide child survival assistance to 
        individuals in need in developing countries.
            (2) Program activities.--Programs established pursuant to 
        paragraph (1) shall include the following activities:
                    (A) Programs to end discrimination against girls 
                with respect to access to nutrition and health care, 
                including access by children under the age of 5 to 
                essential nutrients, such as vitamin A, diagnosing, 
                treating, and preventing the most common life-
                threatening childhood diseases, such as malaria, 
                measles, diarrhea and pneumonia, reducing hunger and 
                malnutrition, and increasing support and funding for 
                the health needs of the millions of children that are 
                being orphaned and affected by HIV/AIDS.
                    (B) Support for women's nongovernmental 
                organizations that seek to improve the health of girls 
                through education, advocacy, and services.
                    (C) Support for nongovernmental organizations that 
                directly address, treat, and work to eliminate all 
                forms of abuse and neglect of children.
                    (D) Recognition, through integrated programming in 
                education and economic growth, that children's health 
                cannot be isolated from broader structural and 
                institutional issues of gender inequality in the access 
                to economic resources, education, and power.
                    (E) Programs to enhance the health, including the 
                reproductive and sexual health, of adolescents, 
                especially girls.

SEC. 402. FAMILY PLANNING AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH AND RIGHTS.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
            (1) Hundreds of millions of women lack access to 
        comprehensive reproductive health care services, including 
        family planning services, which are basic elements of women's 
        reproductive health and rights. The low status of women in many 
        societies is a factor that perpetuates patterns of early and 
        frequent childbearing and is often an obstacle to women's use 
        of existing health care services. Population planning 
        assistance programs should provide comprehensive reproductive 
        health care, including family planning services that respect 
        and promote women's reproductive rights, privacy, and 
        empowerment.
            (2) Key elements of a comprehensive approach to 
        reproductive health and rights include the confidential 
        provision of a full range of family planning and services, 
        reproductive health and sexuality education, prenatal and 
        delivery care, including emergency obstetrical care, prevention 
        of HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmissible infections (STIs), 
        access to treatment for the complications of unsafe abortion, 
        and access to safe abortion services where legal, and, age-
        appropriate confidential reproductive health care and education 
        for adolescents.
            (3) By signing the agreements of the United Nations 
        International Conference on Population and Development in Cairo 
        (ICPD), the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing (FWCW), 
        and the 5-year reviews, the United States Government declared 
        that it would, among other things--
                    (A) promote women's empowerment and gender 
                equality;
                    (B) focus on the needs and rights of women and men;
                    (C) promote a comprehensive reproductive health and 
                rights approach; and
                    (D) involve women in leadership, planning, 
                decision-making, implementation, and evaluation of 
                United States international family planning programs.
            (4) Women's economic participation and reproductive rights 
        and health are inextricably linked. Increases in women's labor 
        force participation raises demand for safe and voluntary 
        reproductive health care, including family planning services, 
        which in turn enable women to control their own health and 
        fertility and their ability to work. Lack of comprehensive 
        reproductive health care severely limits women's ability to 
        gain from new opportunities resulting from the increasingly 
        globalized economy.
    (b) Assistance for Foreign Nongovernmental Organizations Under Part 
I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961.--Notwithstanding any other 
provision of law, regulation, or policy, in determining eligibility for 
assistance authorized under part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 
1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.), foreign nongovernmental organizations--
            (1) shall not be ineligible for such assistance solely on 
        the basis of health or medical services, including counseling 
        and referral services, provided by such organizations with non-
        United States Government funds if such services do not violate 
        the laws of the country in which they are being provided and 
        would not violate United States Federal law if provided in the 
        United States; and
            (2) shall not be subject to requirements relating to the 
        use of non-United States Government funds for advocacy and 
        lobbying activities other than those that apply to United 
        States nongovernmental organizations receiving assistance under 
        part I of such Act.
    (c) United States International Family Planning Programs.--United 
States international programs administered by the United States Agency 
for International Development, the Department of State, and other 
appropriate Federal departments and agencies shall incorporate the 
following:
            (1) A human rights, including reproductive rights, approach 
        as embodied in the United States commitments in the agreements 
        at the International Conference on Population and Development 
        (ICPD) and the United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women 
        (FWCW), and the 5-year reviews of promoting women's equality, 
        empowerment, and rights.
            (2) Design of monitoring, evaluation, and measurement of 
        results based on local contexts and, in particular, 
        measurements that prioritize the quality of services.
            (3) Design and implementation of, in cooperation with women 
        and community-based organizations, gender-sensitive 
        reproductive health and family planning programs that address 
        the needs of women throughout their lives and take into account 
        their multiple roles and responsibilities, the demands on their 
        time, the special needs of rural women and women with 
        disabilities and the diversity of women's needs arising from 
        age and socio-economic and cultural differences, among others.
            (4) Information, education, and communication programs to 
        promote the use of the female condom.
    (d) Funding for the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA).--
            (1) Statement of policy.--Congress recognizes the 
        effectiveness of multilateral agencies that deliver family 
        planning services.
            (2) Funding.--Of the amount appropriated pursuant to the 
        authorization of appropriations  under section 1101 of this Act 
for fiscal year 2003, $35,000,000 is authorized to be available for the 
United States voluntary contribution to the United Nations Population 
Fund (UNFPA). Amounts made available under the preceding sentence are 
in addition to amounts otherwise available for such purposes.

SEC. 403. MATERNAL HEALTH PROGRAMS.

    (a) Findings.--Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) Approximately 600,000 women die each year due to 
        complications of pregnancy, childbirth, and unsafe abortion. Of 
        these mostly preventable deaths, more than 95 percent occur in 
        developing countries.
            (2) Access to comprehensive maternal health care, including 
        quality pre-natal care and nutritional supplements (for 
        example, foliates), screening for pregnancy-related diseases, 
        basic fetal health tests, immunizations (for example, tetanus), 
        access to treatment for the complications of unsafe abortion, 
        access to safe abortion services where legal, and preparation 
        for safe birth (including safe delivery kits where needed) are 
        necessary for the health of women and children. Post-natal care 
        includes follow-up services to ensure that women recover from 
        birth without hemorrhaging or infection and that newborns 
        develop adequately.
            (3) When women cannot work because of health problems, the 
        loss of their income, as well as the costs of treatment, can 
        drive them and their families into debt. In India, a study 
        found that disability reduced the productivity of the female 
        labor force by about 20 percent.
    (b) Maternal Health Programs.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator of the United States 
        Agency for International Development shall establish and carry 
        out programs to provide maternal health assistance to 
        individuals in need in developing countries.
            (2) Conduct of programs.--In carrying out the programs 
        pursuant to paragraph (1), the Administrator shall include 
        programs that improve maternal health to protect the outcome of 
        pregnancy, neonatal and young infants and save the lives of 
        mothers by improving maternal nutrition, promoting birth 
        preparedness, improving safe delivery and postpartum care, and 
        managing and treating life-threatening complications of 
        pregnancy and childbirth. Maternal health programs may also 
        include interventions to protect women from violence and ensure 
        that women can exercise their reproductive rights without 
        coercion.

SEC. 404. PREVENTING AND TREATING HIV/AIDS.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
            (1) World leaders have acknowledged that the devastating 
        scale of the HIV/AIDS pandemic constitutes a global emergency 
        and that new, additional, and sustained resources are necessary 
        to meet the challenge of providing an integrated approach of 
        prevention, care, support, treatment, and research.
            (2) The United States and other donor countries must be at 
        the forefront in leading and mobilizing the level of resources 
        required--between $7,000,000,000 and $10,000,000,000--by 2005 
        in low- and middle-income countries and those countries 
        experiencing rapid expansion of HIV infections.
            (3) HIV disproportionately affects women and girls. The 
        rate of increase of new HIV infections is rising most rapidly 
        among women and young girls, particularly in societies 
        throughout Africa and Asia plagued by poverty and high levels 
        of gender inequality. Women account for more than half of the 
        deaths from AIDS since the beginning of the epidemic. Of the 
        34,700,000 adults currently living with HIV/AIDS, 16,400,000 
        are women. There are 1,400,000 children under the age of 15 
        living with HIV/AIDS, 90 percent of whom were infected through 
        transmission from their mother.
            (4) Rates of transmission of other sexually transmitted 
        infections, such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, and human 
        papillomavirus also are high and increasing in some countries 
        of the world. While not always life-threatening, such diseases 
        entail enormous health, social, and economic costs. Many of 
        these diseases increase the risk of transmission of HIV from 
        one partner to another. Women generally have less access to 
        information and services for the prevention and treatment of 
        common sexually transmitted infections and therefore suffer 
        disproportionately from common sexually transmitted infections 
        as well.
            (5) Differences in the roles and rights of men and women in 
        developing countries negatively impact women and girls thereby 
        increasing their vulnerability to sexually transmitted 
        infections and HIV/AIDS. For example, gender norms that 
        restrict women's access to productive resources such as 
        education, land, income, and credit, create an unequal balance 
        of power in society that favors men and greatly compromises 
        women's ability to protect themselves against infection, cope 
        with illness once infected, or care for those who are infected. 
        Successful programming takes into account gender equality and 
        the empowerment of women and girls through the use of special 
        measures.
            (6) Two key factors that dramatically increase women's 
        vulnerability to sexually transmitted infections and HIV 
        infection are their lack of economic opportunities and options 
        and the widespread incidence of violence against women.
            (7) Adolescent girls are among the most vulnerable to HIV 
        infection, but have relatively low access to information on 
        sexually transmitted infections. The causes of their 
        vulnerability are social, economic, and physiological. 
        Widespread violence against adolescent girls, including in 
        schools, is also an important factor contributing to high rates 
        of infection. One of the most profound ways in which adolescent 
        girls are put in jeopardy of contracting HIV infection is 
        through their increased risk to be raped or through sexual 
        coercion.-
            (8) Culturally defined expectations about acceptable roles 
        and behaviors of men and women are important factors 
        contributing to the spread of HIV/AIDS. The notion that sexual 
        domination over women is the defining characteristic of male 
        sexuality exposes women to the risk of physical and sexual 
        violence.
            (9) Studies and field evaluations show that interventions 
        that directly address gender inequality--through communication 
        and education strategies, economic empowerment, changes in 
        social norms, and efforts to enhance women's ability to 
        negotiate safe sex, among other things--are among the most 
        effective strategies in preventing transmission of sexually 
        transmitted infections and HIV among women and girls, and 
        improving the health and well-being of families overall. Yet 
        most large-scale programs funded by governments and donor 
        agencies as yet largely ignore the gender dimensions of the HIV 
        epidemic, thereby limiting their own success.
            (10)(A) Substantial evidence from a number of countries 
        worldwide now exists to show that female condoms are an 
        effective tool for the prevention of sexually transmitted 
        infections and HIV, are acceptable to a large share of those at 
        risk of infection, and offer increased levels of protection 
        when introduced as part of a program that emphasizes education 
        and negotiation skills.
            (B) Female condoms are the only female-initiated and 
        approved method available on the market today. Moreover, female 
        condoms offer ``dual protection'' from both unwanted pregnancy 
        and infection simultaneously. Access to the female condom is 
        limited in most countries worldwide, however, due to a lack of 
        investment in the purchasing, distribution, and programs needed 
        to support introduction and sustained use, and bias in favor of 
        the male condom. The United States Government must take the 
        lead on expanding access to the female condom to save millions 
        of lives today.
            (11) Since the early 1990's, topical microbicides have 
        attracted scientific attention as a possible new technology for 
        preventing sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV. For 
        individuals needing to use them without partner knowledge or 
        consent, safe, effective, acceptable, and affordable topical 
        microbicides could be formulated to be undetectable. Investment 
        in topical microbicides is critical for the future, while 
        sustained investments in female condoms are required for the 
        present.
    (b) Actions Relating to HIV/AIDS Protection for Women and Girls.--
            (1) Economic empowerment of women.--The Administrator of 
        the United States Agency for International Development, acting 
        through the Director of the Office of HIV/AIDS and the Director 
        of the Office on Women in Development of the Agency for 
        International Development, shall develop and integrate into the 
        HIV/AIDS prevention, care, and treatment programs of the Agency 
        for International Development specific initiatives to improve 
        women's economic status, including opportunities in both the 
        formal and informal economy, and improve access to credit, 
        land, technical assistance, and productive resources. A focus 
        on addressing the economic needs and improving economic 
        opportunities and vocational and life skills of adolescent 
        girls shall be included in these efforts.
            (2) Creating gender-sensitive sti and hiv prevention 
        programs.--The Administrator of the United States Agency for 
        International Development, acting through the Director of the 
        Office of HIV/AIDS of the Agency for International Development, 
        shall ensure that all Agency-supported programs account for and 
        respond to the gender dimensions of vulnerability to sexually 
        transmitted infections and HIV in diverse contexts, ensuring 
        that such programs address gender constraints through 
        communication and education strategies aimed at changing social 
        norms, informing women of their options, and providing them 
        with the tools required to negotiate and practice safe sex, 
        including access to vaginal microbicides.
            (3) Expanding access to and use of means of protection.--
        The Administrator of the United States Agency for International 
        Development, acting through the Director of the Office of HIV/
        AIDS of the Agency for International Development, shall ensure 
        that all Agency-supported programs evaluate their potential for 
        developing gender-sensitive efforts to promote expanded use of 
        both female and male condoms, and shall expend not less than 
        $35,000,000 in 2003 and each succeeding year to procure and 
        develop programs for the introduction and sustained use of 
        female condoms.
            (4) Integrating hiv/aids prevention with other reproductive 
        health programs.--The Administrator of the United States Agency 
        for International Development, acting through the Director of 
        the Office of HIV/AIDS and the Director of the Office on 
        Population, Health, and Nutrition of the Agency for 
        International Development, shall test models of programs that 
        integrate prevention of sexually transmitted infections and HIV 
        with other reproductive health services to identify approaches 
        that promote dual protection from unintended pregnancy and 
        infection. Particular attention should be given to integrating 
        HIV/AIDS prevention into family planning, maternal and child 
        health and primary care service programs, and to ensuring that 
        health sector reform initiatives do not undermine HIV/AIDS 
        programs.
            (5) Training of usaid personnel.--The Administrator of the 
        United States Agency for International Development shall ensure 
        that program officers of the Agency posted to countries with 
        HIV/AIDS prevalence rates of one percent or higher receive 
        training on gender analysis related to country-specific HIV/
        AIDS prevention, care, and treatment issues.
            (6) Development of topical microbicides for preventing 
        transmission of hiv and other sexually transmitted diseases.--
                    (A) Coordination with other institutes.--The 
                Administrator of the United States Agency for 
                International Development shall coordinate activities 
                to research and promote the use of microbicides for the 
                prevention of HIV and other sexually transmitted 
                diseases with appropriate institutes, including the 
                National Institute of Health, to the extent such 
                institutes have responsibilities that are related to 
                the development of microbicides and their distribution 
                in the developing world.
                    (B) Program for microbicide development.--The 
                Administrator of the United States Agency for 
                International Development shall establish a program to 
                support research to use microbicides to substantially 
                reduce transmission of HIV and other sexually 
                transmitted diseases in developing countries. 
                Activities under such program shall provide for an 
                expansion and intensification of the conduct and 
                support of--
                            (i) development of formulation and delivery 
                        approaches appropriate for developing 
                        countries;
                            (ii) research on designs of microbicides 
                        targeted for use in developing countries;
                            (iii) conduct of HIV incidence and 
                        microbicide feasibility studies with attention 
to the needs of developing countries; and
                            (iv) behavioral research on use, 
                        acceptability, and adherence to microbicides in 
                        developing countries.
                    (C) Grants for microbicide research.--In order to 
                contribute to the rapid evaluation of safe and 
                effective microbicides for the prevention of HIV and 
                other sexually transmitted diseases, the Administrator 
                may, in carrying out subparagraph (B) make grants to 
                public and nonprofit private entities for the purpose 
                of providing technical assistance to, and consultation 
                with, a wide variety of domestic and international 
                entities involved in developing and evaluating topical 
                microbicides, including health agencies, extramural 
                researchers, industry, health advocates, and nonprofit 
                organizations in the United States and in developing 
                countries.
    (c) Other Requirements.--The Administrator of the United States 
Agency for International Development shall appoint a senior level 
policy advisor for infectious diseases who shall report directly to the 
Administrator and shall be responsible for ensuring that the impact of 
infectious diseases are taken into account in programs in all divisions 
of the Agency, including from a gender perspective responding to the 
growth of the AIDS pandemic among women and girls.

SEC. 405. PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
            (1) Tuberculosis is one of the greatest infectious causes 
        of death of adults worldwide, killing nearly 2,000,000 people 
        per year--one person every 15 seconds. Globally, tuberculosis 
        is the leading infectious cause of death of young women and the 
        leading cause of death of people with HIV/AIDS.
            (2) Tuberculosis is an immense economic drain on families 
        and on nations and is a significant cause of poverty. Most 
        cases of tuberculosis and deaths caused by tuberculosis occur 
        among individuals in their most productive years of life, ages 
        15 to 50, decimating a country's ability to compete effectively 
        in the global economy.
            (3) There is a highly effective and inexpensive treatment 
        for tuberculosis. This strategy, known as Directly Observed 
        Treatment, Short Course (DOTS), includes low-cost effective 
        diagnosis, treatment, monitoring, and record keeping, as well 
        as a reliable drug supply.
            (4) Based on World Bank estimates, DOTS treatment is one of 
        the most cost-effective health interventions available--costing 
        just $20-$100 to save a life, and DOTS can produce cure rates 
        of up to 95 percent even in the poorest countries.
    (b) Amendments to Foreign Assistance Act of 1961.--Section 
104(c)(7) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151b(c)(7)) 
is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subparagraph (B) as subparagraph (C);
            (2) by inserting after subparagraph (A) the following:
    ``(B)(i) Of the amount appropriated pursuant to the authorization 
of appropriations under subparagraph (C) for a fiscal year, a 
substantial percentage of such amount is authorized to be used for (I) 
the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis for very poor, at-risk and 
affected populations utilizing Directly Observed Treatment, Short 
Course (DOTS), or other internationally accepted primary tuberculosis 
control strategies developed in consultation with the World Health 
Organization, and (II) the expansion of such strategies so that every 
individual with tuberculosis has access to treatment and to meet the 
goal of the cure of at least 85 percent of the cases detected in those 
countries in which the agency has established development programs by 
December 31, 2010.
    ``(ii) An appropriate percentage of the remaining amount 
appropriated pursuant to the authorization of appropriations under 
subparagraph (C) for a fiscal year is authorized to be made available 
for implementation of Directly Observed Treatment, Short Course (DOTS-
PLUS), or other internationally accepted tuberculosis control 
strategies, to treat multi-drug resistant tuberculosis, and for global 
tuberculosis coordination and surveillance efforts. In addition, 
assistance provided using amounts is authorized to be primarily used in 
those developing countries identified by the World Health Organization 
as having a high incidence of tuberculosis, with special emphasis given 
to the poorest regions of such countries.''.

SEC. 406. ADDRESSING FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION.

    (a) Findings.--Congress makes the following findings and 
declarations of policy:
            (1) Up to 180,000,000 women and girls around the world, 80 
        percent of them in Africa, have undergone some form of genital 
        mutilation. Approximately 2,000,000 girls undergo female 
        genital mutilation annually, most often between the ages of 7 
        and 10 years, although there is a trend to perform the 
        procedure on much younger girls.
            (2) Female genital mutilation performed against the will of 
        a girl or woman violates the basic human right to bodily 
        integrity.
            (3) The health risks of female genital mutilation are 
        significant, and include intense pain, hemorrhage, infection, 
        infertility, increased risk of maternal and child morbidity and 
        mortality, and HIV infection. The long-term risks are also 
        substantial. A study in Sierra Leone discovered that 83 percent 
        of women who have undergone female genital mutilation require 
        medical attention at some point in their lives for a condition 
        resulting from the procedure.
            (4) Research and experience by national and international 
        organizations has proven that the cessation of the practice of 
        female genital mutilation must involve efforts that facilitate 
        the empowerment of women overall and directly address female 
        genital mutilation, including economic development, local and 
        national level advocacy, health education, technical assistance 
        to nongovernmental organizations and health ministries, and 
        political support at all levels.
    (b) Additional Provision.--Amounts made available to carry out 
programs to address female genital mutilation should be targeted toward 
local nongovernmental organizations that provide medical and 
psychosocial services, develop culturally appropriate information, 
education, and communications materials related to female genital 
mutilation, and create greater political support at all levels to 
address female genital mutilation. Such amounts may also be used to 
support research on the economic, psychosocial, and health consequences 
of female genital mutilation and to evaluate intervention programs.
    (c) Definition.--In this section, the term ``female genital 
mutilation'' means procedures that involve partial or total removal of 
the external female genitalia or other injury to the female genital 
organs whether for cultural or any other non-therapeutic reasons.

             TITLE V--WOMEN, AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY

SEC. 501. FINDINGS.

    Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) Women produce, process, and market more than 70 percent 
        of the food in most developing countries, yet their key roles 
        as farmers and food providers critical to household food 
        security is only recently becoming recognized.
            (2) Because women dominate the agricultural sector in 
        developing countries, they can benefit from the rising demand 
        for food worldwide. However, women face enormous barriers that 
        prevent them from realizing this potential, including lack of 
        land tenure rights, exclusion from decision-making at all 
        levels, neglect by agricultural extension services, and limited 
        access to inputs such as fertilizer, improved seeds, credit, 
        and markets.
            (3) In spite of these constraints, recent evaluations of 
        international agribusiness projects have shown that women can 
        significantly raise their incomes through the production, 
        processing, and marketing of traditional and non-traditional 
        agricultural products. One of the best ways to improve rural 
        women's status is to increase their access to the land, 
        technology, inputs, finances, and markets they need to become 
        full participants in the global market.
            (4) The United States supplies more than half of food aid 
        worldwide to refugees and displaced persons. Yet we still see 
        significant nutritional deficiencies among these populations, 
        particularly micronutrient and caloric intake deficiencies.

SEC. 502. PROGRAMS TO ASSIST WOMEN FARMERS.

    In carrying out programs that provide assistance, directly or 
indirectly, to farmers in foreign countries, the Administrator of the 
United States Agency for International Development, the Secretary of 
State, the Secretary of Agriculture, and the heads of other appropriate 
Federal departments and agencies shall establish and carry out projects 
to assist women farmers in accessing global and domestic markets in 
order to increase their incomes. Such projects shall meet the following 
requirements:
            (1) Provide women with access to the resources they need to 
        produce, process, and market high-income crops and agricultural 
        products, including resources that provide rights to own and 
        use land, credit, market information, extension services, 
        appropriate technology, and all productive inputs (water, 
        seeds, fertilizers, chemicals that are safe for human exposure 
        and environmentally sound, and labor).
            (2) Ensure that agribusiness interventions do not diminish 
        farm families' food security, overall well-being, family 
        incomes, or their ownership and control over productive assets.
            (3) Provide education and training to women farmers and 
        food producers, processors, and traders. Education programs 
        shall include culturally appropriate agricultural extension 
        services (for example, women extension agents), basic literacy 
        and numeracy, and training in business skills.
            (4) Enhance women's access to nutritious food both within 
        the household and for the household to purchase, and increase 
        the household's knowledge of nutrition and good feeding 
        behaviors.
            (5) Research and address the impacts of the HIV/AIDS 
        epidemic on the choice of crops and processing technologies 
        suitable for women. Particular attention must be paid to 
        maintaining household food security in spite of loss of family 
        labor and other resources.
            (6) Assist countries in establishing effective food-safety 
        nets for the poor in times of economic downturns or low food 
        production (due to drought, floods, or other catastrophes).
            (7) Evaluate and increase the effectiveness of United 
        States emergency food aid programs for food security, nutrition 
        and health, and explore the potential for using monetized local 
        currency receipts for creating endowments from which food 
        security related projects could be funded.
            (8) Fortify staple foods contributed as part of United 
        States food aid programs with vitamins A, B, and C, zinc, 
        folate, iron, as appropriate, and fortify salt with iodine. 
        Food aid should also provide high-nutrient seeds in relief 
        situations to enable displaced persons to grow high-nutrient 
        foods.
            (9) Create food security profiles, including gender 
        analysis, for recipient countries to diagnose what types of 
        investments should be made, agricultural and non-agricultural, 
        to achieve food security for the poor.
            (10) Increase women's skills in advocacy and in their 
        ability to engage in decision-making activities relevant to 
        agriculture and food security at all levels--state, province, 
        national, and international.

SEC. 503. INTERNATIONAL FUND FOR AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT (IFAD).

    (a) Finding.--Congress finds that the International Fund for 
Agricultural Development (IFAD) has been a pioneer in reaching rural 
women and is an effective means of channeling scare United States 
resources for international agricultural programs.
    (b) Declaration of Policy.--Congress expresses its full support for 
significant United States contributions to future replenishments of the 
International Fund for Agricultural Development.

               TITLE VI--HUMAN RIGHTS OF WOMEN AND GIRLS

SEC. 601. STRENGTHENING THE HUMAN RIGHTS OF WOMEN AND GIRLS.

    (a) Findings and Declarations of Policy.--Congress makes the 
following findings and declarations of policy:
            (1) The indivisibility of human rights is most relevant to 
        women and girls because violations of their rights occur in all 
        areas, including the home, community, workplace, and civic 
        institutions.
            (2) Supporting women's human rights in all spheres of 
        women's lives, including home, work, school, health, political 
        participation, and other related areas, is critical to 
        sustainable development and the promotion of equality and 
        democracy around the world.
            (3) Violations of women's human rights can be cloaked in 
        law or exist in practice, they can be direct or indirect and 
        they can exist in the public and private sectors. The 
        eradication of gender discrimination remains a challenge even 
        within the international human rights system.
            (4) Many legal or administrative codes contain barriers to 
        women's access to resources and property, to basic information 
        about and access to services (including health and education), 
        to basic decisions concerning their family status, to 
        protection from violence, and to freedom of association. Even 
        where supportive legislation exists, these legal rights may be 
        weakly enforced or overridden by customary law.
            (5) It is important that international human rights 
        treaties that the United States has ratified be applied to 
        domestic and foreign policies and programs.
            (6) It is important to examine the implications of 
        accelerated economic globalization, structural adjustment, and 
        trade liberalization on women's rights and human rights, 
        particularly as these trends affect women as workers, farmers, 
        entrepreneurs, family care givers, and heads of household.
            (7) Global institutions such as the World Bank, 
        International Monetary Fund, multinational corporations, the 
        United Nations, and other institutions increasingly affect the 
        daily lives and human rights of women and girls, both 
        positively and negatively.
    (b) Ratification of the International Covenant on Economic, Social, 
and Cultural Rights.--Congress expresses its support for ratification 
of the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights 
and requests the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate to hold 
hearings on the Covenant, approve it, and submit the Covenant to the 
floor of the Senate for a vote on advice and consent to ratification.
    (c) Ratification of the International Convention on the Rights of 
the Child.--Congress expresses its support for ratification of the 
International Convention on the Rights of the Child and requests the 
Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate to hold hearings on the 
Covenant, approve it, and submit the Covenant to the floor of the 
Senate for a vote on advice and consent to ratification.
    (d) International Convention of the Protection of the Rights of All 
Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families.--Congress expresses its 
support for the United States to sign and ratify the International 
Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and 
Members of their Families and requests the Committee on Foreign 
Relations of the Senate to hold hearings on the Convention.
    (e) Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and 
Poltical Rights.--Congress expresses its support for the United States 
to sign and ratify the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant 
of Civil and Political Rights and requests the Committee on Foreign 
Relations of the Senate to hold hearings on the Protocol.
    (f) United States International Programs To Promote Democracy and 
Human Rights.--United States international programs to promote 
democracy and human rights shall include the following:
            (1) Financial support and technical assistance for legal 
        aid organizations that take on cases of the violations of human 
        rights of women and girls, in particular cases of violence 
        against women, denial of women's access to social services, and 
        violations of women employment rights.
            (2) Support to civil society organizations that are 
        promoting human rights education for women and men.
            (3) Support for capacity-building of young women leaders in 
        the field of human rights law.
            (4) Technical assistance to all bureaus and embassies to 
        ensure their compliance with international human rights 
        treaties that the United States has signed and ratified.
    (g) Audit of Multilateral Development Banks.--The Secretary of the 
Treasury, in conjunction with the United States Executive Directors to 
each multilateral development bank (as defined in section 201(g)), 
shall conduct an audit of each such bank to ensure that the bank is 
compliant with internationally recognized and universal human rights, 
as defined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
    (h) Assistance To Eliminate Discrimination Against Women.--
            (1) Assistance.--The Administrator of the United States 
        Agency for International Development shall establish and carry 
        out programs to assist governments of developing countries to 
        eliminate de jure discrimination against women.
            (2) Additional requirements.--Assistance provided under 
        subsection (a) shall include the following:
                    (A) Provide judges and other judicial officials in 
                developing countries with ongoing training in women's 
                human rights, particularly as such rights relate to 
                domestic violence.
                    (B) Provide technical and other assistance to 
                officials in ministries of justice of developing 
                countries to enable such officials to better collect 
                and analyze sex-disaggregated data on rates of 
                reporting, prosecution, conviction, and sentencing of 
                domestic and sexual violence cases.
            (3) Improve training for law enforcement personnel in 
        developing countries to improve their response to and 
        collection of evidence for domestic and sexual violence cases.

SEC. 602. PREVENTION OF TRAFFICKING IN WOMEN AND CHILDREN.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
            (1) Trafficking in persons is increasing exponentially 
        worldwide. The United Nations estimates that 4,000,000 
        individuals become victims of trafficking each year. The United 
        States Government estimates that 50,000 women and girls are 
        trafficked into the United States annually.
            (2) Trafficking is a labor and human rights violation that 
        involves physical and psychological coercion, deception, forced 
        labor, and servitude or slavery. Traffickers force people to 
        labor and serve in a growing number of arenas, including 
        factories, construction sites, farms, brothels, homes, and 
        streets.
            (3) Potential and actual victims of trafficking need 
        targeted assistance to provide them with skills and 
        opportunities at home. Trafficked individuals need shelter, 
        health care, psychological counseling, training, and living 
        assistance after they escape from their traffickers. Those 
        individuals who are in danger from retaliation by organized 
        criminal gangs require special protection.
            (4) Women are more likely than men to be trafficked. Women 
        are disproportionately affected by economic changes brought on 
        by structural adjustment policies, privatization, trade 
        liberalization, and economic globalization, such as the 
        movement away from agriculture toward a wage-based economy and 
        consumer society.
    (b) Programs in Foreign Countries of Origin or Destination.--
            (1) In general.--The President, acting through the heads of 
        appropriate Federal departments and agencies (such as the 
        Department of State, the Immigration and Naturalization 
        Service, the Department of Health and Human Services, and the 
        United States Agency for International Development), shall 
        establish and carry out programs in foreign countries to 
        prevent the trafficking of women and children, prosecute 
        traffickers, and meet the needs of victims of trafficking.
            (2) Additional requirements.--Programs established and 
        carried out under paragraph (1) shall include the following:
                    (A) Prevention.--(i) Support for local in-country 
                nongovernmental organizations to conduct public 
                education and advocacy programs for all relevant 
                sectors and levels of society with the purpose of 
                preventing trafficking.
                    (ii) Creation of education materials and networks 
                to reach out to the ethnic communities of those 
                individuals most likely to be trafficked, particularly 
                in the informal sectors where undocumented migrants and 
                trafficked individuals are more likely to be found.
                    (iii) Education, training, and business development 
                services for women and girls who are in vulnerable 
                populations to assist them in becoming economically 
                self-sufficient. These programs should emphasize non-
                traditional and economically viable activities and 
                include training on the rights of women, labor, and 
                migrants.
                    (B) Treatment and social services for victims.--(i) 
                Support for nongovernmental organization-operated 
                hotlines, culturally and linguistically appropriate 
                protective shelters, and regional and international 
                nongovernmental organization networks and databases on 
                trafficking. Support should also assist nongovernmental 
                organizations in creating service centers and systems 
                that are mobile and extend beyond large cities.
                    (ii) Support for nongovernmental organizations and 
                advocates to provide legal, social, and other services 
                and assistance to trafficked individuals, particularly 
                those individuals in detention.
                    (iii) Education and training for trafficked women 
                and girls upon their return home as described in clause 
                (iv).
                    (iv) The safe reintegration of trafficked 
                individuals into an appropriate community or family, 
                with full respect for the wishes, dignity, and safety 
                of the trafficked individual. Programs should seek to 
                integrate victim protection and safe reintegration.
                    (v) Support for increasing or developing programs 
                to assist families of victims in locating, 
                repatriating, and treating their trafficked family 
                members.
                    (C) Law enforcement.--High-quality training 
                programs emphasizing a human rights-based approach for 
                law enforcement personnel, prosecutors, immigration 
                agents and officers, housing and health inspectors, and 
                other government officials who may come into contact 
                with a situation of trafficking or trafficked 
                individuals in countries of origin or destination.
                    (D) Legal reforms.--(i) Analysis of existing 
                national legal frameworks and advocacy to develop 
                protective national laws and policies that are 
                consistent with, and improve upon, the United Nations 
                Protocol to Prevent, Suppress, and Punish Trafficking 
                in Persons, Especially Women and Children 
                (supplementing the United Nations Convention Against 
                Transnational Organized Crime).
                    (ii) Support for advocates working to ensure the 
                appropriate and timely implementation  of new anti-
trafficking or related legislation at the national, state, and local 
levels.
                    (iii) Support for countries to develop an effective 
                system for witness defense and protection, including 
                the establishment of immigration laws to allow 
                temporary residence to victims.
                    (E) Capacity building for nongovernmental 
                organizations.--(i) Assistance to build the capacities 
                of local nongovernmental organizations, such as local 
                unions, women's organizations, direct service 
                organizations, and civic associations to effectively 
                deliver programs in subparagraphs (A) through (D).
                    (ii) Assistance for nongovernmental organizations 
                to disseminate, share, and train other nongovernmental 
                organizations in successful techniques to prevent 
                trafficking, prosecute traffickers, and meet the 
                multiple needs of victims.

SEC. 603. ACCESS FOR AFGHAN WOMEN ACT OF 2002.

    (a) Short Title.--This section may be cited as the ``Access for 
Afghan Women Act of 2002''.
    (b) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
            (1) Before 1996, women in Afghanistan could exercise their 
        basic human rights and 70 percent of teachers, nurses, doctors, 
        and small business owners in Afghanistan were women.
            (2) More than 90 percent of Afghan men and women believe 
        that women should have access to education and work, freedom of 
        expression, legal protection, and participation in government. 
        Respondents also support the inclusion of women's human rights 
        issues in any peace negotiations with respect to Afghanistan.
            (3) Women make up more than 75 percent of the refugees in 
        camps, urban areas, and villages in Afghanistan. On the 
        Afghanistan border with Pakistan many organizations, including 
        women's organizations, are delivering critical services to 
        refugees and such women's organizations have the knowledge and 
        experience to assist the United States in delivering effective 
        relief aid to women.
            (4) The active participation of women in the government, 
        economy, and society of Afghanistan is necessary to ensure 
        lasting peace in the region.
            (5) During major conflicts in the region, women have 
        maintained local economies and have led the effort in 
        rebuilding economies after conflicts. Effective development and 
        reconstruction assistance, including microcredit assistance, 
        takes into account women's roles as economic leaders.
    (c) Requirements Relating to United States Activities in Central 
Asian Countries.--
            (1) In general.--Notwithstanding any other provision of 
        law, activities described in paragraphs (2) through (5) that 
        are carried out by the United States in Afghanistan and other 
        countries of Central Asia shall comply with the applicable 
        requirements contained in such paragraphs.
            (2) Peace negotiations to establish government of 
        afghanistan.--With respect to processes to establish a 
        government of Afghanistan, the applicable requirements are the 
        following:
                    (A) Consult with and include representatives of 
                women's organizations and networks from the major 
                ethnic groups in Afghanistan during peace negotiations 
                and post-conflict decisionmaking.
                    (B) Include the perspectives and advice of 
                organizations with expertise in human rights and 
                women's development in decisionmaking processes 
                relating to peace and the governance of Afghanistan.
                    (C) Support the efforts of Afghan women and Afghan 
                women's organizations to ensure that the full range of 
                human rights of women, as described in the 
                International Convention on Civil and Political Rights 
                and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, are 
                included in any constitution or legal structure of a 
                government in Afghanistan by including a significant 
                number of women in the drafting of the constitution.
            (3) Post-conflict reconstruction and development.--With 
        respect to activities relating to post-conflict stability in 
        Afghanistan and other countries of Central Asia, the applicable 
        requirements are the following:
                    (A) Provide financial and programmatic assistance 
                for the efforts of Afghan women's organizations that 
                represent the various ethnic groups.
                    (B) Promote multi-year women-centered economic 
                development programs, including programs to assist 
                widows and female heads of household.
                    (C) Increase women's access to and ownership of 
                productive assets such as land, agricultural inputs, 
                and microfinance, and property.
                    (D) Provide financial assistance for primary, 
                secondary, and higher education for all individuals in 
                Afghanistan.
                    (E) Provide financial assistance to build health 
                infrastructure and to deliver women-centered health 
                programs, particularly comprehensive and high quality 
                reproductive health and family planning services.
                    (F) Integrate education and training programs for 
                former combatants with economic development programs to 
                encourage their reintegration into society and to 
                promote post-conflict stability.
                    (G) Support educational efforts to increase 
                awareness with respect to landmines, facilitate the 
                removal of landmines, and provide services to 
                individuals with disabilities caused by landmines.
                    (H) Provide assistance to rehabilitate children 
                affected by the conflict, particularly child soldiers.
            (4) Relief, resettlement, and repatriation of refugees.--
        With respect to the relief, resettlement, and repatriation of 
        refugees in Afghanistan and other countries of Central Asia, 
        the applicable requirements are the following:
                    (A)(i) Take all necessary steps to protect women 
                refugees in camps, urban areas, and villages fleeing 
                from the conflict situation in Afghanistan from 
                violence.
                    (ii) Take all necessary steps to ensure that women 
                refugees in camps, urban areas, and villages fleeing 
                from the conflict situation in Afghanistan are directly 
                receiving food aid, shelter, relief supplies, and other 
                services from United States-sponsored programs.
                    (iii) Take all necessary steps to ensure that women 
                refugees in camps, urban areas, and villages are 
                accessing high quality health and medical services, 
                particularly reproductive, maternal, and child health 
                services.
                    (B) Take all necessary steps to ensure that 
                refugees that choose to return voluntarily to their 
                place of origin can do so in safety, dignity, and with 
                protection of their rights. United States-sponsored 
                efforts shall not coerce or encourage refugees to 
                return to their places of origin.
            (5) Peacekeeping operations.--With respect to peacekeeping 
        operations in Afghanistan and other countries of Central Asia, 
        the applicable requirements are the following:
                    (A) In preparation for deployment of peacekeeping 
                missions, provide training, guidelines, and materials 
                to military, police, and civilian personnel on the 
                protection, rights, and the particular needs of women, 
                as well as on the importance of involving women in all 
                peacekeeping and peace building measures.
                    (B) Encourage individuals and organizations that 
                will provide training to consult with women's 
                organizations within and outside of Afghanistan and 
                other countries of Central Asia to develop appropriate 
                training content and materials.
            (6) Definition.--In this subsection, the term ``other 
        countries of Central Asia'' means Pakistan, Tajikistan, 
        Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, and Uzbekistan.
    (d) Report.--Not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment 
of this Act, the President shall prepare and transmit to Congress a 
report that contains documentation (including documentation using data 
disaggregated by gender) of the progress in implementing the 
requirements of subsection (c).

SEC. 604. RATIFICATION OF CONVENTION ON THE ELIMINATION OF ALL FORMS OF 
              DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
            (1) The Senate has already agreed to the ratification of 
        several important human rights treaties, including the Genocide 
        Convention, the Convention Against Torture, the International 
        Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the Convention on 
        the Elimination of all Forms of Racial Discrimination Against 
        Women (CEDAW).
            (2) CEDAW establishes a worldwide commitment to combat 
        discrimination against women and girls.
            (3) 165 countries of the world have ratified or acceded to 
        CEDAW and the United States is among a small minority of 
        countries, including Afghanistan, North Korea, Iran, and Sudan, 
        which have not.
            (4) The Administration has proposed a small number of 
        reservations, understandings, and declarations to ensure that 
        United States ratification fully complies with all 
        constitutional requirements, including the rights of States and 
        individuals.
            (5) The legislatures of California, Iowa, Massachusetts, 
        New Hampshire, New York, North Carolina, South Dakota, and 
        Vermont have endorsed United States ratification of CEDAW.
            (6) More than 100 United States-based, civic, legal, 
        religious, education, and environmental organizations, 
        including many major national membership organizations, support 
        ratification of CEDAW.
            (7) Ratification of CEDAW would allow the United States to 
        nominate a representative to the CEDAW oversight committee.
    (b) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate should 
        hold hearings on the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms 
        of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW); and
            (2) the Senate should, therefore, give its advice and 
        consent to the ratification of the Convention on the 
        Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women.

                   TITLE VII--VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN

SEC. 701. FINDINGS.

    Congress finds the following:
            (1) Around the world, at least 1 woman in every 3 has been 
        beaten, coerced into sex, or otherwise abused in her lifetime.
            (2) Violence against women is a human rights violation that 
        takes many forms--physical, sexual, and psychological--and cuts 
        across most countries, social groups, and socio-economic 
        classes. Violence against women can occur in every setting--in 
        homes, streets, schools, and places of work.
            (3) Violence is a multidimensional issue that stems from 
        women's subordinate status in society, women's economic 
        dependence on men, and women's overall lack of power. All 
        societies have beliefs, norms, and social institutions that 
        legitimize and perpetuate violence against women.
            (4) Women are particularly vulnerable to violence during 
        times of political upheaval and economic instability. Although 
        rape as a weapon of war has been internationally condemned, 
        armies continue to use it in conflicts around the globe. For 
        example, in 1992, as many as 20,000 women were raped in the 
        first few months of the war in Bosnia-Herzegovina
            (5) Violence prohibits many women from participating in the 
        economy, being active in civic life, accessing educational 
        opportunities, and obtaining health care. One out of every 5 
        healthy years of life are lost to women ages 15 to 44 as a 
        result of violence. This loss of productivity impairs women's 
        economic development and overall national economic growth.

SEC. 702. UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMS TO PREVENT VIOLENCE 
              AGAINST WOMEN AND GIRLS.

    United States international programs administered by the United 
States Agency for International Development, the Department of State, 
and other appropriate Federal departments and agencies shall 
incorporate the following:
            (1) Support for programs that advocate for protective 
        legislation, judicial accountability and enforcement of 
        existing laws relating to the prevention of violence against 
        women and girls.
            (2) Strengthening of sites of first response, particularly 
        community-based responses and infrastructure.
            (3) Encouragement for the integration of violence 
        interventions into all sectors of United States international 
        development assistance.
            (4) Investment in a variety of prevention programs, 
        including research on the causes of violence, and education of 
        the public, law enforcement and judicial officials, and 
        journalists and the media. Public education programs should aim 
        to change the attitudes, beliefs, and norms that encourage men 
        to be violent.
            (5) Strengthening of women's economic opportunities in 
        order to improve their options and negotiating power outside of 
        and within the home.
            (6) Encouragement for communities to design all responses 
        (for example, health, police, judicial, and social services) to 
        respect the autonomy and meet the needs of survivors.
            (7) Design of monitoring, evaluation, and measurement of 
        results based on local needs and contexts. Measurement of 
        results should account for the long length of time violence 
        interventions aimed at profound behavioral and societal changes 
        take.
            (8) Support for research on and dissemination of best 
        practices for violence prevention and treatment programs.

SEC. 703. REPORT.

    As part of the congressional presentation documents for fiscal year 
2003, the Administrator of the United States Agency for International 
Development shall report on the Agency's programs to eradicate violence 
against women for those countries in which the 2000 State Department 
Country Report on Human Rights practices indicates a significant 
problem of domestic violence, rape, trafficking, sexual harassment, and 
other forms of violence against women.

            TITLE VIII--WOMEN, CONFLICTS, AND PEACE BUILDING

SEC. 801. FINDINGS.

    Congress makes the following findings and declarations of policy:
            (1) Civilians, particularly women and children, account for 
        the vast majority of those adversely affected by armed conflict 
        in ethnic, religious, and identity wars. In some cases of 
        ethno-political conflict, more than half of women have been 
        targeted for rape as a weapon of war. Little is done to protect 
        the safety and rights of women in conflict situations or to 
        prosecute perpetrators.
            (2) Today, as many as 300,000 children under the age of 18 
        serve in government forces or armed rebel groups. Some are as 
        young as 8 years old. Both girls and boys are used as child 
        soldiers. In case studies in El Salvador, Ethiopia, and Uganda, 
        almost a third of the child soldiers were reported to be girls. 
        Girls may be raped, or in some cases, given to military 
        commanders as ``wives''.
            (3) War and violence have uprooted and displaced 35,000,000 
        people worldwide from their homes, 80 percent of these refugees 
        are women and children. They have little access to basic food, 
        medical care, hygiene, and shelter.
            (4) Women are not just victims, they are taking the 
        initiative to reach across the conflict divide and foster 
        peace. In Mali and Liberia women joined together to collect 
        arms. In Northern Ireland, Catholic and Protestant women 
        created joint community development projects.
            (5) Despite women's positive roles in fostering peace, they 
        are excluded from most peace negotiations. Women's perspectives 
        and experiences in seeking solutions to conflicts are necessary 
        to ensure lasting peace.
            (6) Violence and conflict are major impediments to 
        participating in and benefiting from the global economy. Even 
        during major conflicts, it is women that keep local economies 
        running and work to rebuild economies after conflicts. 
        Therefore, economic aid that is linked to peace processes 
        should target and take into account women's roles as economic 
        leaders and assist women in accessing the global marketplace.

SEC. 802. UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMS.

    United States international programs administered by the United 
States Agency for International Development, the Department of State, 
the Department of Defense, and other appropriate Federal departments 
and agencies shall incorporate activities in the following areas:
            (1) Conflict prevention and post-conflict stability.--(A) 
        Support for women's efforts in conflict-resolution before, 
        during, and after conflicts.
            (B) Promotion of multi-year gender-balanced economic 
        development programs, particularly programs to assist female 
        heads of household.
            (C) Increased women's access to and ownership of productive 
        assets such as land, agricultural equipment, and credit.
            (D) Integration of education and training programs for 
        former combatants with economic development programs to 
        encourage their reintegration into society and to promote post-
        conflict stability.
            (E) Extension of education and training, including in 
        business development, to women.
            (2) Improving peace keeping operations.--(A) In preparation 
        for deployment, provide training, guidelines, and materials to 
        military, police, and civilian personnel on the protection, 
        rights, and the particular needs of women, as well as on the 
        importance of involving women in all peacekeeping and peace 
        building measures. The Secretary of Defense shall encourage 
        trainers to consult with women's organizations and leaders to 
        develop appropriate training content and materials.
            (B) Integration of a gender perspective in peace building 
        by each United States representative to the United Nations, 
        including encouraging close and meaningful collaboration 
        between United Nations Peacekeeping Operations and women 
        leaders working to end conflict. In addition, encouragement of 
        the United Nations to create a Gender Unit at the Department of 
        Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) headquarters to provide 
        technical assistance in this area.
            (3) Peace negotiations and decision-making.--(A) With 
        respect to peace negotiations, the consultation with women 
        leaders with experience in conflict prevention, mediation, and 
        traditional peacemaking processes in peace negotiations and 
        post-conflict decision-making.
            (B) Include women's perspectives in United States decision-
        making processes relating to peace and international security 
        by conducting an audit on the implementation of existing United 
        States commitments on addressing women's needs and concerns in 
        conflict and post-conflict situations.
            (4) Refugee resettlement and repatriation.--(A) Provide 
        protection and assistance to refugee women and internally 
        displaced women in or fleeing from conflict situations.
            (B) Ensure that high quality services are provided to 
        refugee women to meet their overall health needs, particularly 
        in the area of reproductive health.
            (C) Take all necessary steps to ensure that refugee and 
        displaced women are able to return voluntarily to their place 
        of origin in safety and with dignity, and to uphold their right 
        to protection after their return.
            (D) Provide assistance to rehabilitate children affected by 
        conflict, particularly child soldiers.

SEC. 803. RATIFICATION OF THE OPTIONAL PROTOCOL TO THE CONVENTION ON 
              THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD ON THE INVOLVEMENT OF CHILDREN IN 
              ARMED CONFLICT.

    Congress expresses its support for the Optional Protocol to the 
Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Children in 
Armed Conflict and urges the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 
Senate to hold hearings on the Protocol, approve the Protocol, and 
bring the Protocol to the floor of the full Senate for a vote on advice 
and consent to ratification.

             TITLE IX--WOMEN'S LEADERSHIP AND PARTICIPATION

SEC. 901. FINDINGS.

    Congress makes the following findings and declarations of policy:
            (1) Women's equal participation in political and civic life 
        plays a pivotal role in the general process of the advancement 
        of women. Women's equal participation in decision-making is not 
        only a demand for simple justice or democracy, but is also a 
        necessary condition for women's interests to be taken into 
        account.
            (2) From 1945 to 1995, the percentage of women in 
        parliaments increased four-fold; however, women's 
        representation in national legislatures is low at 12.7 percent 
        worldwide. Women representation at the local level is also 
        suppressed, with less than 5 percent in Africa and 7.5 percent 
        in Latin America.
            (3) In order to increase women's leadership and 
        participation, interventions must address both the skills and 
        characteristics of women as well as the overall context that 
        promotes or limits women's participation.

SEC. 902. UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMS TO INCREASE WOMEN'S 
              LEADERSHIP AND PARTICIPATION.

    (a) In General.--United States international programs administered 
by the United States Agency for International Development, the 
Department of State, and other appropriate Federal departments and 
agencies shall incorporate the following activities:
            (1) Building women's capacity to be effective leaders and 
        participants in civic life by--
                    (A) providing training to women and women's 
                organizations in the areas of legal systems, electoral 
                processes, legislation, advocacy, media and public 
                affairs, information technology, and leadership; and
                    (B) assisting women leaders once they are in office 
                to enhance their abilities to govern effectively, for 
                example by building strong relationships with women's 
                associations and developing connections to other 
                elected officials.
            (2) Creating a supportive environment for women's 
        leadership and participation by--
                    (A) sensitizing men and male leaders to support 
                women's leadership and participation in public life;
                    (B) developing and implementing gender-sensitive 
                programs to give girls, boys, and young adults skills 
                in civic participation and leadership; and
                    (C) reforming structures to integrate women 
                leaders, for example by encouraging countries to 
                utilize affirmative action programs to increase the 
                number of women in the politics and decision-making.
    (b) Additional Requirements.--The Administrator of the United 
States Agency for International Development shall work with the Office 
of Women in Development and the Bureau for Democracy and Governance in 
addressing women's needs and incorporating women's views in all 
programs relating to democracy and governance.

SEC. 903. UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL FUND FOR WOMEN'S LEADERSHIP.

    The President is authorized to establish a United States 
International Fund for Women's Leadership to provide grants to women's 
organizations in developing countries and to United States women's 
organizations for the purpose of promoting women's leadership in such 
countries.

SEC. 904. INTERNATIONAL MUSEUM OF WOMEN.

    Congress makes the following findings and declarations of policy:
            (1) Of the thousands of museums in the United States, there 
        is no museum that chronicles the vast contributions women from 
        around the world have made and continue to make to the 
        development of humanity.
            (2) Women have been virtually invisible in mainstream 
        textbooks and historical presentations. This ``traditional'' 
        telling of history perpetuates the inequalities that exist 
        between women and men.
            (3) Women have played critical roles in shaping economies 
        and politics, art and culture, home and family, yet there 
        exists no place where young women and men can go to learn about 
        global women's history.
            (4) An International Museum of Women will celebrate and 
        examine the role women have played in shaping our world through 
        the centuries. Through the critical exploration of women's 
        history, contemporary issues and visions of the future, the 
        museum will be a catalyst for continued social change.

                   TITLE X--WOMEN AND THE ENVIRONMENT

SEC. 1001. FINDINGS.

    Congress makes the following findings and declarations of policy:
            (1) Environmental degradation constitutes a serious threat 
        to the livelihood of the poor in developing countries, 
        especially women. It is women who are most intensively engaged 
        in household subsistence activities that depend closely on the 
        quality and availability of natural resources.
            (2) Women are more susceptible to health problems related 
        to changes in the environment due to the sensitivity of their 
        reproductive systems to toxins or pollutants. There is also 
        strong evidence of the irrevocable damage caused by chemical 
        exposures during various stages of the life cycle, particularly 
        to the fetus and growing child.
            (3) Increased trade liberalization, industrialization, 
        manufacturing, consumption, agricultural development, and 
        population dynamics in both developed and developing countries 
        have altered ecosystems and environmental quality in low-income 
        countries.
            (4) The privatization and commodification of natural 
        resources such as energy, water, and medicinal plants impacts 
        women more deeply and severely due to their roles as providers 
        of basic household needs.

SEC. 1002. UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMS.

    United States international environmental programs administered by 
the United States Agency for International Development, the Department 
of State, the United States Environmental Protection Agency, the 
Department of the Interior, United States Forest Service, the National 
Park Service, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, the 
Department of Commerce, and other appropriate Federal departments and 
agencies shall incorporate the following activities:
            (1) Increase resources to research the health impacts of 
        hazardous materials on women, children, and men, particularly 
        those chemicals prevalent in developing countries.
            (2) Foster the creation of information systems, such as 
        ``community right to know'' principles, for local communities 
        in developing countries to become aware of environmental and 
        health threats.
            (3) Encourage the development of environmental regulations 
        and agencies in developing countries. Promote the use of the 
        ``precautionary principle'' in which measures are put into 
        place to protect women, men, and children from toxic substances 
        until such substances are proven safe for these populations.
            (4) Provide low-income women with access to environmentally 
        and economically sound technologies, such as wind generators 
        and solar-powered cookers, that support healthy ecosystems, 
        promote the sustainable use of natural resources, and enhance 
        the well-being of women and their families.
            (5) Provide financial support and technical assistance to 
        developing country energy and natural resource ministries to 
        assess the energy needs of households living in poverty and 
        recommend actions to be taken to meet these energy needs both 
        sustainably and affordably for the poor. These assessments 
        shall account for the differing energy needs of men and women 
        when estimating overall household energy needs.
            (6) In countries that have privatized or are in the process 
        of privatizing basic commodities, such as energy and water, 
        ensure that poor households have access to services at 
        affordable rates.
            (7) Increase women's skills in engaging decision-making 
        bodies relevant to the environment, conservation, biodiversity, 
        energy and natural resource management, such as bodies at the 
        state level (including state agencies) and international 
        systems and institutions.
            (8) Support existing programs and encourage the 
        establishment of new programs in developing countries to limit 
        exposures to toxic substances in places of work to levels 
        accepted by the United States Environmental Protection Agency.

SEC. 1003. NEGOTIATIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL TREATIES AND PROTOCOLS.

    The Secretary of State shall take into account women's roles in 
natural resource management as well as the health impacts of 
environmental toxins on women's health when negotiating international 
environmental treaties and protocols.

SEC. 1004. RATIFICATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON PERSISTENT 
              ORGANIC POLLUTANTS.

    Congress recognizes the impact that persistent organic pollutants 
have on women and children, expresses its support for the Convention on 
Persistent Organic Pollutants, and urges the Committee on Foreign 
Relations of the Senate to hold hearings on the Convention, approve the 
Convention, and bring the Convention to the floor of the full Senate 
for a vote on advice and consent to ratification.

SEC. 1005. GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY.

    The Secretary of State shall instruct the United States 
representatives to the Global Environment Facility Council and Assembly 
to urge the Facility to integrate women's special needs and an analysis 
of gender roles into its programming in developing and transitional 
countries.

               TITLE XI--AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS

SEC. 1101. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out the activities 
contained in this Act an aggregate increase of $1,000,000,000 from 
appropriations for fiscal year 2002, as mandated in Public Law 107-115, 
for the following accounts: ``Development Assistance'', ``Migration and 
Refugee Assistance'', ``Emergency Refugee and Migration Assistance'', 
``International Disaster Assistance'', ``Office of Transition 
Initiatives of the United States Agency for International 
Development'', and ``International Organizations and Programs''. 
Programs in these accounts shall promote women's development as 
required by the relevant provisions contained in this Act.
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