[Congressional Bills 107th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 2356 Enrolled Bill (ENR)]

        H.R.2356

                      One Hundred Seventh Congress

                                 of the

                        United States of America


                          AT THE SECOND SESSION

         Begun and held at the City of Washington on Wednesday,
          the twenty-third day of January, two thousand and two


                                 An Act


 
To amend the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 to provide bipartisan 
                            campaign reform.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Bipartisan 
Campaign Reform Act of 2002''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents of this Act is as 
follows:
Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.

            TITLE I--REDUCTION OF SPECIAL INTEREST INFLUENCE

Sec. 101. Soft money of political parties.
Sec. 102. Increased contribution limit for State committees of political 
          parties.
Sec. 103. Reporting requirements.

              TITLE II--NONCANDIDATE CAMPAIGN EXPENDITURES

                Subtitle A--Electioneering Communications

Sec. 201. Disclosure of electioneering communications.
Sec. 202. Coordinated communications as contributions.
Sec. 203. Prohibition of corporate and labor disbursements for 
          electioneering 
          communications.
Sec. 204. Rules relating to certain targeted electioneering 
          communications.

          Subtitle B--Independent and Coordinated Expenditures

Sec. 211. Definition of independent expenditure.
Sec. 212. Reporting requirements for certain independent expenditures.
Sec. 213. Independent versus coordinated expenditures by party.
Sec. 214. Coordination with candidates or political parties.

                        TITLE III--MISCELLANEOUS

Sec. 301. Use of contributed amounts for certain purposes.
Sec. 302. Prohibition of fundraising on Federal property.
Sec. 303. Strengthening foreign money ban.
Sec. 304. Modification of individual contribution limits in response to 
          expenditures from personal funds.
Sec. 305. Limitation on availability of lowest unit charge for Federal 
          candidates 
          attacking opposition.
Sec. 306. Software for filing reports and prompt disclosure of 
          contributions.
Sec. 307. Modification of contribution limits.
Sec. 308. Donations to Presidential inaugural committee.
Sec. 309. Prohibition on fraudulent solicitation of funds.
Sec. 310. Study and report on clean money clean elections laws.
Sec. 311. Clarity standards for identification of sponsors of election-
          related advertising.
Sec. 312. Increase in penalties.
Sec. 313. Statute of limitations.
Sec. 314. Sentencing guidelines.
Sec. 315. Increase in penalties imposed for violations of conduit 
          contribution ban.
Sec. 316. Restriction on increased contribution limits by taking into 
          account 
          candidate's available funds.
Sec. 317. Clarification of right of nationals of the United States to 
          make political contributions.
Sec. 318. Prohibition of contributions by minors.
Sec. 319. Modification of individual contribution limits for House 
          candidates in 
          response to expenditures from personal funds.

                 TITLE IV--SEVERABILITY; EFFECTIVE DATE

Sec. 401. Severability.
Sec. 402. Effective dates and regulations.
Sec. 403. Judicial review.

                TITLE V--ADDITIONAL DISCLOSURE PROVISIONS

Sec. 501. Internet access to records.
Sec. 502. Maintenance of website of election reports.
Sec. 503. Additional disclosure reports.
Sec. 504. Public access to broadcasting records.

            TITLE I--REDUCTION OF SPECIAL INTEREST INFLUENCE

SEC. 101. SOFT MONEY OF POLITICAL PARTIES.

    (a) In General.--Title III of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 
1971 (2 U.S.C. 431 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:

``SEC. 323. SOFT MONEY OF POLITICAL PARTIES.

    ``(a) National Committees.--
        ``(1) In general.--A national committee of a political party 
    (including a national congressional campaign committee of a 
    political party) may not solicit, receive, or direct to another 
    person a contribution, donation, or transfer of funds or any other 
    thing of value, or spend any funds, that are not subject to the 
    limitations, prohibitions, and reporting requirements of this Act.
        ``(2) Applicability.--The prohibition established by paragraph 
    (1) applies to any such national committee, any officer or agent 
    acting on behalf of such a national committee, and any entity that 
    is directly or indirectly established, financed, maintained, or 
    controlled by such a national committee.
    ``(b) State, District, and Local Committees.--
        ``(1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), an 
    amount that is expended or disbursed for Federal election activity 
    by a State, district, or local committee of a political party 
    (including an entity that is directly or indirectly established, 
    financed, maintained, or controlled by a State, district, or local 
    committee of a political party and an officer or agent acting on 
    behalf of such committee or entity), or by an association or 
    similar group of candidates for State or local office or of 
    individuals holding State or local office, shall be made from funds 
    subject to the limitations, prohibitions, and reporting 
    requirements of this Act.
        ``(2) Applicability.--
            ``(A) In general.--Notwithstanding clause (i) or (ii) of 
        section 301(20)(A), and subject to subparagraph (B), paragraph 
        (1) shall not apply to any amount expended or disbursed by a 
        State, district, or local committee of a political party for an 
        activity described in either such clause to the extent the 
        amounts expended or disbursed for such activity are allocated 
        (under regulations prescribed by the Commission) among 
        amounts--
                ``(i) which consist solely of contributions subject to 
            the limitations, prohibitions, and reporting requirements 
            of this Act (other than amounts described in subparagraph 
            (B)(iii)); and
                ``(ii) other amounts which are not subject to the 
            limitations, prohibitions, and reporting requirements of 
            this Act (other than any requirements of this subsection).
            ``(B) Conditions.--Subparagraph (A) shall only apply if--
                ``(i) the activity does not refer to a clearly 
            identified candidate for Federal office;
                ``(ii) the amounts expended or disbursed are not for 
            the costs of any broadcasting, cable, or satellite 
            communication, other than a communication which refers 
            solely to a clearly identified candidate for State or local 
            office;
                ``(iii) the amounts expended or disbursed which are 
            described in subparagraph (A)(ii) are paid from amounts 
            which are donated in accordance with State law and which 
            meet the requirements of subparagraph (C), except that no 
            person (including any person established, financed, 
            maintained, or controlled by such person) may donate more 
            than $10,000 to a State, district, or local committee of a 
            political party in a calendar year for such expenditures or 
            disbursements; and
                ``(iv) the amounts expended or disbursed are made 
            solely from funds raised by the State, local, or district 
            committee which makes such expenditure or disbursement, and 
            do not include any funds provided to such committee from--

                    ``(I) any other State, local, or district committee 
                of any State party,
                    ``(II) the national committee of a political party 
                (including a national congressional campaign committee 
                of a political party),
                    ``(III) any officer or agent acting on behalf of 
                any committee described in subclause (I) or (II), or
                    ``(IV) any entity directly or indirectly 
                established, financed, maintained, or controlled by any 
                committee described in subclause (I) or (II).

            ``(C) Prohibiting involvement of national parties, federal 
        candidates and officeholders, and state parties acting 
        jointly.--Notwithstanding subsection (e) (other than subsection 
        (e)(3)), amounts specifically authorized to be spent under 
        subparagraph (B)(iii) meet the requirements of this 
        subparagraph only if the amounts--
                ``(i) are not solicited, received, directed, 
            transferred, or spent by or in the name of any person 
            described in subsection (a) or (e); and
                ``(ii) are not solicited, received, or directed through 
            fundraising activities conducted jointly by 2 or more 
            State, local, or district committees of any political party 
            or their agents, or by a State, local, or district 
            committee of a political party on behalf of the State, 
            local, or district committee of a political party or its 
            agent in one or more other States.
    ``(c) Fundraising Costs.--An amount spent by a person described in 
subsection (a) or (b) to raise funds that are used, in whole or in 
part, for expenditures and disbursements for a Federal election 
activity shall be made from funds subject to the limitations, 
prohibitions, and reporting requirements of this Act.
    ``(d) Tax-Exempt Organizations.--A national, State, district, or 
local committee of a political party (including a national 
congressional campaign committee of a political party), an entity that 
is directly or indirectly established, financed, maintained, or 
controlled by any such national, State, district, or local committee or 
its agent, and an officer or agent acting on behalf of any such party 
committee or entity, shall not solicit any funds for, or make or direct 
any donations to--
        ``(1) an organization that is described in section 501(c) of 
    the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from taxation under 
    section 501(a) of such Code (or has submitted an application for 
    determination of tax exempt status under such section) and that 
    makes expenditures or disbursements in connection with an election 
    for Federal office (including expenditures or disbursements for 
    Federal election activity); or
        ``(2) an organization described in section 527 of such Code 
    (other than a political committee, a State, district, or local 
    committee of a political party, or the authorized campaign 
    committee of a candidate for State or local office).
    ``(e) Federal Candidates.--
        ``(1) In general.--A candidate, individual holding Federal 
    office, agent of a candidate or an individual holding Federal 
    office, or an entity directly or indirectly established, financed, 
    maintained or controlled by or acting on behalf of 1 or more 
    candidates or individuals holding Federal office, shall not--
            ``(A) solicit, receive, direct, transfer, or spend funds in 
        connection with an election for Federal office, including funds 
        for any Federal election activity, unless the funds are subject 
        to the limitations, prohibitions, and reporting requirements of 
        this Act; or
            ``(B) solicit, receive, direct, transfer, or spend funds in 
        connection with any election other than an election for Federal 
        office or disburse funds in connection with such an election 
        unless the funds--
                ``(i) are not in excess of the amounts permitted with 
            respect to contributions to candidates and political 
            committees under paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) of section 
            315(a); and
                ``(ii) are not from sources prohibited by this Act from 
            making contributions in connection with an election for 
            Federal office.
        ``(2) State law.--Paragraph (1) does not apply to the 
    solicitation, receipt, or spending of funds by an individual 
    described in such paragraph who is or was also a candidate for a 
    State or local office solely in connection with such election for 
    State or local office if the solicitation, receipt, or spending of 
    funds is permitted under State law and refers only to such State or 
    local candidate, or to any other candidate for the State or local 
    office sought by such candidate, or both.
        ``(3) Fundraising events.--Notwithstanding paragraph (1) or 
    subsection (b)(2)(C), a candidate or an individual holding Federal 
    office may attend, speak, or be a featured guest at a fundraising 
    event for a State, district, or local committee of a political 
    party.
        ``(4) Permitting certain solicitations.--
            ``(A) General solicitations.--Notwithstanding any other 
        provision of this subsection, an individual described in 
        paragraph (1) may make a general solicitation of funds on 
        behalf of any organization that is described in section 501(c) 
        of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from taxation 
        under section 501(a) of such Code (or has submitted an 
        application for determination of tax exempt status under such 
        section) (other than an entity whose principal purpose is to 
        conduct activities described in clauses (i) and (ii) of section 
        301(20)(A)) where such solicitation does not specify how the 
        funds will or should be spent.
            ``(B) Certain specific solicitations.--In addition to the 
        general solicitations permitted under subparagraph (A), an 
        individual described in paragraph (1) may make a solicitation 
        explicitly to obtain funds for carrying out the activities 
        described in clauses (i) and (ii) of section 301(20)(A), or for 
        an entity whose principal purpose is to conduct such 
        activities, if--
                ``(i) the solicitation is made only to individuals; and
                ``(ii) the amount solicited from any individual during 
            any calendar year does not exceed $20,000.
    ``(f) State Candidates.--
        ``(1) In general.--A candidate for State or local office, 
    individual holding State or local office, or an agent of such a 
    candidate or individual may not spend any funds for a communication 
    described in section 301(20)(A)(iii) unless the funds are subject 
    to the limitations, prohibitions, and reporting requirements of 
    this Act.
        ``(2) Exception for certain communications.--Paragraph (1) 
    shall not apply to an individual described in such paragraph if the 
    communication involved is in connection with an election for such 
    State or local office and refers only to such individual or to any 
    other candidate for the State or local office held or sought by 
    such individual, or both.''.
    (b) Definitions.--Section 301 of the Federal Election Campaign Act 
of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 431) is amended by adding at the end thereof the 
following:
        ``(20) Federal election activity.--
            ``(A) In general.--The term `Federal election activity' 
        means--
                ``(i) voter registration activity during the period 
            that begins on the date that is 120 days before the date a 
            regularly scheduled Federal election is held and ends on 
            the date of the election;
                ``(ii) voter identification, get-out-the-vote activity, 
            or generic campaign activity conducted in connection with 
            an election in which a candidate for Federal office appears 
            on the ballot (regardless of whether a candidate for State 
            or local office also appears on the ballot);
                ``(iii) a public communication that refers to a clearly 
            identified candidate for Federal office (regardless of 
            whether a candidate for State or local office is also 
            mentioned or identified) and that promotes or supports a 
            candidate for that office, or attacks or opposes a 
            candidate for that office (regardless of whether the 
            communication expressly advocates a vote for or against a 
            candidate); or
                ``(iv) services provided during any month by an 
            employee of a State, district, or local committee of a 
            political party who spends more than 25 percent of that 
            individual's compensated time during that month on 
            activities in connection with a Federal election.
            ``(B) Excluded activity.--The term `Federal election 
        activity' does not include an amount expended or disbursed by a 
        State, district, or local committee of a political party for--
                ``(i) a public communication that refers solely to a 
            clearly identified candidate for State or local office, if 
            the communication is not a Federal election activity 
            described in subparagraph (A)(i) or (ii);
                ``(ii) a contribution to a candidate for State or local 
            office, provided the contribution is not designated to pay 
            for a Federal election activity described in subparagraph 
            (A);
                ``(iii) the costs of a State, district, or local 
            political convention; and
                ``(iv) the costs of grassroots campaign materials, 
            including buttons, bumper stickers, and yard signs, that 
            name or depict only a candidate for State or local office.
        ``(21) Generic campaign activity.--The term `generic campaign 
    activity' means a campaign activity that promotes a political party 
    and does not promote a candidate or non-Federal candidate.
        ``(22) Public communication.--The term `public communication' 
    means a communication by means of any broadcast, cable, or 
    satellite communication, newspaper, magazine, outdoor advertising 
    facility, mass mailing, or telephone bank to the general public, or 
    any other form of general public political advertising.
        ``(23) Mass mailing.--The term `mass mailing' means a mailing 
    by United States mail or facsimile of more than 500 pieces of mail 
    matter of an identical or substantially similar nature within any 
    30-day period.
        ``(24) Telephone bank.--The term `telephone bank' means more 
    than 500 telephone calls of an identical or substantially similar 
    nature within any 30-day period.''.

SEC. 102. INCREASED CONTRIBUTION LIMIT FOR STATE COMMITTEES OF 
              POLITICAL PARTIES.

    Section 315(a)(1) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 
U.S.C. 441a(a)(1)) is amended--
        (1) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``or'' at the end;
        (2) in subparagraph (C)--
            (A) by inserting ``(other than a committee described in 
        subparagraph (D))'' after ``committee''; and
            (B) by striking the period at the end and inserting ``; 
        or''; and
        (3) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(D) to a political committee established and maintained by a 
    State committee of a political party in any calendar year which, in 
    the aggregate, exceed $10,000.''.

SEC. 103. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.

    (a) Reporting Requirements.--Section 304 of the Federal Election 
Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 434) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
    ``(e) Political Committees.--
        ``(1) National and congressional political committees.--The 
    national committee of a political party, any national congressional 
    campaign committee of a political party, and any subordinate 
    committee of either, shall report all receipts and disbursements 
    during the reporting period.
        ``(2) Other political committees to which section 323 
    applies.--
            ``(A) In general.--In addition to any other reporting 
        requirements applicable under this Act, a political committee 
        (not described in paragraph (1)) to which section 323(b)(1) 
        applies shall report all receipts and disbursements made for 
        activities described in section 301(20)(A), unless the 
        aggregate amount of such receipts and disbursements during the 
        calendar year is less than $5,000.
            ``(B) Specific disclosure by state and local parties of 
        certain non-federal amounts permitted to be spent on federal 
        election activity.--Each report by a political committee under 
        subparagraph (A) of receipts and disbursements made for 
        activities described in section 301(20)(A) shall include a 
        disclosure of all receipts and disbursements described in 
        section 323(b)(2)(A) and (B).
        ``(3) Itemization.--If a political committee has receipts or 
    disbursements to which this subsection applies from or to any 
    person aggregating in excess of $200 for any calendar year, the 
    political committee shall separately itemize its reporting for such 
    person in the same manner as required in paragraphs (3)(A), (5), 
    and (6) of subsection (b).
        ``(4) Reporting periods.--Reports required to be filed under 
    this subsection shall be filed for the same time periods required 
    for political committees under subsection (a)(4)(B).''.
    (b) Building Fund Exception to the Definition of Contribution.--
        (1) In general.--Section 301(8)(B) of the Federal Election 
    Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 431(8)(B)) is amended--
            (A) by striking clause (viii); and
            (B) by redesignating clauses (ix) through (xv) as clauses 
        (viii) through (xiv), respectively.
        (2) Nonpreemption of state law.--Section 403 of such Act (2 
    U.S.C. 453) is amended--
            (A) by striking ``The provisions of this Act'' and 
        inserting ``(a) In General.--Subject to subsection (b), the 
        provisions of this Act''; and
            (B) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(b) State and Local Committees of Political Parties.--
Notwithstanding any other provision of this Act, a State or local 
committee of a political party may, subject to State law, use 
exclusively funds that are not subject to the prohibitions, 
limitations, and reporting requirements of the Act for the purchase or 
construction of an office building for such State or local 
committee.''.

              TITLE II--NONCANDIDATE CAMPAIGN EXPENDITURES
               Subtitle A--Electioneering Communications

SEC. 201. DISCLOSURE OF ELECTIONEERING COMMUNICATIONS.

    (a) In General.--Section 304 of the Federal Election Campaign Act 
of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 434), as amended by section 103, is amended by adding 
at the end the following new subsection:
    ``(f) Disclosure of Electioneering Communications.--
        ``(1) Statement required.--Every person who makes a 
    disbursement for the direct costs of producing and airing 
    electioneering communications in an aggregate amount in excess of 
    $10,000 during any calendar year shall, within 24 hours of each 
    disclosure date, file with the Commission a statement containing 
    the information described in paragraph (2).
        ``(2) Contents of statement.--Each statement required to be 
    filed under this subsection shall be made under penalty of perjury 
    and shall contain the following information:
            ``(A) The identification of the person making the 
        disbursement, of any person sharing or exercising direction or 
        control over the activities of such person, and of the 
        custodian of the books and accounts of the person making the 
        disbursement.
            ``(B) The principal place of business of the person making 
        the disbursement, if not an individual.
            ``(C) The amount of each disbursement of more than $200 
        during the period covered by the statement and the 
        identification of the person to whom the disbursement was made.
            ``(D) The elections to which the electioneering 
        communications pertain and the names (if known) of the 
        candidates identified or to be identified.
            ``(E) If the disbursements were paid out of a segregated 
        bank account which consists of funds contributed solely by 
        individuals who are United States citizens or nationals or 
        lawfully admitted for permanent residence (as defined in 
        section 101(a)(20) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 
        U.S.C. 1101(a)(20))) directly to this account for 
        electioneering communications, the names and addresses of all 
        contributors who contributed an aggregate amount of $1,000 or 
        more to that account during the period beginning on the first 
        day of the preceding calendar year and ending on the disclosure 
        date. Nothing in this subparagraph is to be construed as a 
        prohibition on the use of funds in such a segregated account 
        for a purpose other than electioneering communications.
            ``(F) If the disbursements were paid out of funds not 
        described in subparagraph (E), the names and addresses of all 
        contributors who contributed an aggregate amount of $1,000 or 
        more to the person making the disbursement during the period 
        beginning on the first day of the preceding calendar year and 
        ending on the disclosure date.
        ``(3) Electioneering communication.--For purposes of this 
    subsection--
            ``(A) In general.--(i) The term `electioneering 
        communication' means any broadcast, cable, or satellite 
        communication which--
                ``(I) refers to a clearly identified candidate for 
            Federal office;
                ``(II) is made within--

                    ``(aa) 60 days before a general, special, or runoff 
                election for the office sought by the candidate; or
                    ``(bb) 30 days before a primary or preference 
                election, or a convention or caucus of a political 
                party that has authority to nominate a candidate, for 
                the office sought by the candidate; and

                ``(III) in the case of a communication which refers to 
            a candidate for an office other than President or Vice 
            President, is targeted to the relevant electorate.
            ``(ii) If clause (i) is held to be constitutionally 
        insufficient by final judicial decision to support the 
        regulation provided herein, then the term `electioneering 
        communication' means any broadcast, cable, or satellite 
        communication which promotes or supports a candidate for that 
        office, or attacks or opposes a candidate for that office 
        (regardless of whether the communication expressly advocates a 
        vote for or against a candidate) and which also is suggestive 
        of no plausible meaning other than an exhortation to vote for 
        or against a specific candidate. Nothing in this subparagraph 
        shall be construed to affect the interpretation or application 
        of section 100.22(b) of title 11, Code of Federal Regulations.
            ``(B) Exceptions.--The term `electioneering communication' 
        does not include--
                ``(i) a communication appearing in a news story, 
            commentary, or editorial distributed through the facilities 
            of any broadcasting station, unless such facilities are 
            owned or controlled by any political party, political 
            committee, or candidate;
                ``(ii) a communication which constitutes an expenditure 
            or an independent expenditure under this Act;
                ``(iii) a communication which constitutes a candidate 
            debate or forum conducted pursuant to regulations adopted 
            by the Commission, or which solely promotes such a debate 
            or forum and is made by or on behalf of the person 
            sponsoring the debate or forum; or
                ``(iv) any other communication exempted under such 
            regulations as the Commission may promulgate (consistent 
            with the requirements of this paragraph) to ensure the 
            appropriate implementation of this paragraph, except that 
            under any such regulation a communication may not be 
            exempted if it meets the requirements of this paragraph and 
            is described in section 301(20)(A)(iii).
            ``(C) Targeting to relevant electorate.--For purposes of 
        this paragraph, a communication which refers to a clearly 
        identified candidate for Federal office is `targeted to the 
        relevant electorate' if the communication can be received by 
        50,000 or more persons--
                ``(i) in the district the candidate seeks to represent, 
            in the case of a candidate for Representative in, or 
            Delegate or Resident Commissioner to, the Congress; or
                ``(ii) in the State the candidate seeks to represent, 
            in the case of a candidate for Senator.
        ``(4) Disclosure date.--For purposes of this subsection, the 
    term `disclosure date' means--
            ``(A) the first date during any calendar year by which a 
        person has made disbursements for the direct costs of producing 
        or airing electioneering communications aggregating in excess 
        of $10,000; and
            ``(B) any other date during such calendar year by which a 
        person has made disbursements for the direct costs of producing 
        or airing electioneering communications aggregating in excess 
        of $10,000 since the most recent disclosure date for such 
        calendar year.
        ``(5) Contracts to disburse.--For purposes of this subsection, 
    a person shall be treated as having made a disbursement if the 
    person has executed a contract to make the disbursement.
        ``(6) Coordination with other requirements.--Any requirement to 
    report under this subsection shall be in addition to any other 
    reporting requirement under this Act.
        ``(7) Coordination with internal revenue code.--Nothing in this 
    subsection may be construed to establish, modify, or otherwise 
    affect the definition of political activities or electioneering 
    activities (including the definition of participating in, 
    intervening in, or influencing or attempting to influence a 
    political campaign on behalf of or in opposition to any candidate 
    for public office) for purposes of the Internal Revenue Code of 
    1986.''.
    (b) Responsibilities of Federal Communications Commission.--The 
Federal Communications Commission shall compile and maintain any 
information the Federal Election Commission may require to carry out 
section 304(f) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (as added 
by subsection (a)), and shall make such information available to the 
public on the Federal Communication Commission's website.

SEC. 202. COORDINATED COMMUNICATIONS AS CONTRIBUTIONS.

    Section 315(a)(7) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 
U.S.C. 441a(a)(7)) is amended--
        (1) by redesignating subparagraph (C) as subparagraph (D); and
        (2) by inserting after subparagraph (B) the following:
        ``(C) if--
            ``(i) any person makes, or contracts to make, any 
        disbursement for any electioneering communication (within the 
        meaning of section 304(f)(3)); and
            ``(ii) such disbursement is coordinated with a candidate or 
        an authorized committee of such candidate, a Federal, State, or 
        local political party or committee thereof, or an agent or 
        official of any such candidate, party, or committee;
    such disbursement or contracting shall be treated as a contribution 
    to the candidate supported by the electioneering communication or 
    that candidate's party and as an expenditure by that candidate or 
    that candidate's party; and''.

SEC. 203. PROHIBITION OF CORPORATE AND LABOR DISBURSEMENTS FOR 
              ELECTIONEERING COMMUNICATIONS.

    (a) In General.--Section 316(b)(2) of the Federal Election Campaign 
Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 441b(b)(2)) is amended by inserting ``or for any 
applicable electioneering communication'' before ``, but shall not 
include''.
    (b) Applicable Electioneering Communication.--Section 316 of such 
Act is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(c) Rules Relating to Electioneering Communications.--
        ``(1) Applicable electioneering communication.--For purposes of 
    this section, the term `applicable electioneering communication' 
    means an electioneering communication (within the meaning of 
    section 304(f)(3)) which is made by any entity described in 
    subsection (a) of this section or by any other person using funds 
    donated by an entity described in subsection (a) of this section.
        ``(2) Exception.--Notwithstanding paragraph (1), the term 
    `applicable electioneering communication' does not include a 
    communication by a section 501(c)(4) organization or a political 
    organization (as defined in section 527(e)(1) of the Internal 
    Revenue Code of 1986) made under section 304(f)(2)(E) or (F) of 
    this Act if the communication is paid for exclusively by funds 
    provided directly by individuals who are United States citizens or 
    nationals or lawfully admitted for permanent residence (as defined 
    in section 101(a)(20) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 
    U.S.C. 1101(a)(20))). For purposes of the preceding sentence, the 
    term `provided directly by individuals' does not include funds the 
    source of which is an entity described in subsection (a) of this 
    section.
        ``(3) Special operating rules.--
            ``(A) Definition under paragraph (1).--An electioneering 
        communication shall be treated as made by an entity described 
        in subsection (a) if an entity described in subsection (a) 
        directly or indirectly disburses any amount for any of the 
        costs of the communication.
            ``(B) Exception under paragraph (2).--A section 501(c)(4) 
        organization that derives amounts from business activities or 
        receives funds from any entity described in subsection (a) 
        shall be considered to have paid for any communication out of 
        such amounts unless such organization paid for the 
        communication out of a segregated account to which only 
        individuals can contribute, as described in section 
        304(f)(2)(E).
        ``(4) Definitions and rules.--For purposes of this subsection--
            ``(A) the term `section 501(c)(4) organization' means--
                ``(i) an organization described in section 501(c)(4) of 
            the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from taxation 
            under section 501(a) of such Code; or
                ``(ii) an organization which has submitted an 
            application to the Internal Revenue Service for 
            determination of its status as an organization described in 
            clause (i); and
            ``(B) a person shall be treated as having made a 
        disbursement if the person has executed a contract to make the 
        disbursement.
        ``(5) Coordination with internal revenue code.--Nothing in this 
    subsection shall be construed to authorize an organization exempt 
    from taxation under section 501(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 
    1986 to carry out any activity which is prohibited under such 
    Code.''.

SEC. 204. RULES RELATING TO CERTAIN TARGETED ELECTIONEERING 
              COMMUNICATIONS.

    Section 316(c) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 
U.S.C. 441b), as added by section 203, is amended by adding at the end 
the following:
        ``(6) Special rules for targeted communications.--
            ``(A) Exception does not apply.--Paragraph (2) shall not 
        apply in the case of a targeted communication that is made by 
        an organization described in such paragraph.
            ``(B) Targeted communication.--For purposes of subparagraph 
        (A), the term `targeted communication' means an electioneering 
        communication (as defined in section 304(f)(3)) that is 
        distributed from a television or radio broadcast station or 
        provider of cable or satellite television service and, in the 
        case of a communication which refers to a candidate for an 
        office other than President or Vice President, is targeted to 
        the relevant electorate.
            ``(C) Definition.--For purposes of this paragraph, a 
        communication is `targeted to the relevant electorate' if it 
        meets the requirements described in section 304(f)(3)(C).''.

          Subtitle B--Independent and Coordinated Expenditures

SEC. 211. DEFINITION OF INDEPENDENT EXPENDITURE.

    Section 301 of the Federal Election Campaign Act (2 U.S.C. 431) is 
amended by striking paragraph (17) and inserting the following:
        ``(17) Independent expenditure.--The term `independent 
    expenditure' means an expenditure by a person--
            ``(A) expressly advocating the election or defeat of a 
        clearly identified candidate; and
            ``(B) that is not made in concert or cooperation with or at 
        the request or suggestion of such candidate, the candidate's 
        authorized political committee, or their agents, or a political 
        party committee or its agents.''.

SEC. 212. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS FOR CERTAIN INDEPENDENT EXPENDITURES.

    (a) In General.--Section 304 of the Federal Election Campaign Act 
of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 434) (as amended by section 201) is amended--
        (1) in subsection (c)(2), by striking the undesignated matter 
    after subparagraph (C); and
        (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(g) Time for Reporting Certain Expenditures.--
        ``(1) Expenditures aggregating $1,000.--
            ``(A) Initial report.--A person (including a political 
        committee) that makes or contracts to make independent 
        expenditures aggregating $1,000 or more after the 20th day, but 
        more than 24 hours, before the date of an election shall file a 
        report describing the expenditures within 24 hours.
            ``(B) Additional reports.--After a person files a report 
        under subparagraph (A), the person shall file an additional 
        report within 24 hours after each time the person makes or 
        contracts to make independent expenditures aggregating an 
        additional $1,000 with respect to the same election as that to 
        which the initial report relates.
        ``(2) Expenditures aggregating $10,000.--
            ``(A) Initial report.--A person (including a political 
        committee) that makes or contracts to make independent 
        expenditures aggregating $10,000 or more at any time up to and 
        including the 20th day before the date of an election shall 
        file a report describing the expenditures within 48 hours.
            ``(B) Additional reports.--After a person files a report 
        under subparagraph (A), the person shall file an additional 
        report within 48 hours after each time the person makes or 
        contracts to make independent expenditures aggregating an 
        additional $10,000 with respect to the same election as that to 
        which the initial report relates.
        ``(3) Place of filing; contents.--A report under this 
    subsection--
            ``(A) shall be filed with the Commission; and
            ``(B) shall contain the information required by subsection 
        (b)(6)(B)(iii), including the name of each candidate whom an 
        expenditure is intended to support or oppose.''.
    (b) Time of Filing of Certain Statements.--
        (1) In general.--Section 304(g) of such Act, as added by 
    subsection (a), is amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(4) Time of filing for expenditures aggregating $1,000.--
    Notwithstanding subsection (a)(5), the time at which the statement 
    under paragraph (1) is received by the Commission or any other 
    recipient to whom the notification is required to be sent shall be 
    considered the time of filing of the statement with the 
    recipient.''.
        (2) Conforming amendments.--(A) Section 304(a)(5) of such Act 
    (2 U.S.C. 434(a)(5)) is amended by striking ``the second sentence 
    of subsection (c)(2)'' and inserting ``subsection (g)(1)''.
        (B) Section 304(d)(1) of such Act (2 U.S.C. 434(d)(1)) is 
    amended by inserting ``or (g)'' after ``subsection (c)''.

SEC. 213. INDEPENDENT VERSUS COORDINATED EXPENDITURES BY PARTY.

    Section 315(d) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 
U.S.C. 441a(d)) is amended--
        (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``and (3)'' and inserting ``, 
    (3), and (4)''; and
        (2) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(4) Independent versus coordinated expenditures by party.--
            ``(A) In general.--On or after the date on which a 
        political party nominates a candidate, no committee of the 
        political party may make--
                ``(i) any coordinated expenditure under this subsection 
            with respect to the candidate during the election cycle at 
            any time after it makes any independent expenditure (as 
            defined in section 301(17)) with respect to the candidate 
            during the election cycle; or
                ``(ii) any independent expenditure (as defined in 
            section 301(17)) with respect to the candidate during the 
            election cycle at any time after it makes any coordinated 
            expenditure under this subsection with respect to the 
            candidate during the election cycle.
            ``(B) Application.--For purposes of this paragraph, all 
        political committees established and maintained by a national 
        political party (including all congressional campaign 
        committees) and all political committees established and 
        maintained by a State political party (including any 
        subordinate committee of a State committee) shall be considered 
        to be a single political committee.
            ``(C) Transfers.--A committee of a political party that 
        makes coordinated expenditures under this subsection with 
        respect to a candidate shall not, during an election cycle, 
        transfer any funds to, assign authority to make coordinated 
        expenditures under this subsection to, or receive a transfer of 
        funds from, a committee of the political party that has made or 
        intends to make an independent expenditure with respect to the 
        candidate.''.

SEC. 214. COORDINATION WITH CANDIDATES OR POLITICAL PARTIES.

    (a) In General.--Section 315(a)(7)(B) of the Federal Election 
Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 441a(a)(7)(B)) is amended--
        (1) by redesignating clause (ii) as clause (iii); and
        (2) by inserting after clause (i) the following new clause:
        ``(ii) expenditures made by any person (other than a candidate 
    or candidate's authorized committee) in cooperation, consultation, 
    or concert with, or at the request or suggestion of, a national, 
    State, or local committee of a political party, shall be considered 
    to be contributions made to such party committee; and''.
    (b) Repeal of Current Regulations.--The regulations on coordinated 
communications paid for by persons other than candidates, authorized 
committees of candidates, and party committees adopted by the Federal 
Election Commission and published in the Federal Register at page 76138 
of volume 65, Federal Register, on December 6, 2000, are repealed as of 
the date by which the Commission is required to promulgate new 
regulations under subsection (c) (as described in section 402(c)(1)).
    (c) Regulations by the Federal Election Commission.--The Federal 
Election Commission shall promulgate new regulations on coordinated 
communications paid for by persons other than candidates, authorized 
committees of candidates, and party committees. The regulations shall 
not require agreement or formal collaboration to establish 
coordination. In addition to any subject determined by the Commission, 
the regulations shall address--
        (1) payments for the republication of campaign materials;
        (2) payments for the use of a common vendor;
        (3) payments for communications directed or made by persons who 
    previously served as an employee of a candidate or a political 
    party; and
        (4) payments for communications made by a person after 
    substantial discussion about the communication with a candidate or 
    a political party.
    (d) Meaning of Contribution or Expenditure for the Purposes of 
Section 316.--Section 316(b)(2) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 
1971 (2 U.S.C. 441b(b)(2)) is amended by striking ``shall include'' and 
inserting ``includes a contribution or expenditure, as those terms are 
defined in section 301, and also includes''.

                        TITLE III--MISCELLANEOUS

SEC. 301. USE OF CONTRIBUTED AMOUNTS FOR CERTAIN PURPOSES.

    Title III of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 
431 et seq.) is amended by striking section 313 and inserting the 
following:

``SEC. 313. USE OF CONTRIBUTED AMOUNTS FOR CERTAIN PURPOSES.

    ``(a) Permitted Uses.--A contribution accepted by a candidate, and 
any other donation received by an individual as support for activities 
of the individual as a holder of Federal office, may be used by the 
candidate or individual--
        ``(1) for otherwise authorized expenditures in connection with 
    the campaign for Federal office of the candidate or individual;
        ``(2) for ordinary and necessary expenses incurred in 
    connection with duties of the individual as a holder of Federal 
    office;
        ``(3) for contributions to an organization described in section 
    170(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986; or
        ``(4) for transfers, without limitation, to a national, State, 
    or local committee of a political party.
    ``(b) Prohibited Use.--
        ``(1) In general.--A contribution or donation described in 
    subsection (a) shall not be converted by any person to personal 
    use.
        ``(2) Conversion.--For the purposes of paragraph (1), a 
    contribution or donation shall be considered to be converted to 
    personal use if the contribution or amount is used to fulfill any 
    commitment, obligation, or expense of a person that would exist 
    irrespective of the candidate's election campaign or individual's 
    duties as a holder of Federal office, including--
            ``(A) a home mortgage, rent, or utility payment;
            ``(B) a clothing purchase;
            ``(C) a noncampaign-related automobile expense;
            ``(D) a country club membership;
            ``(E) a vacation or other noncampaign-related trip;
            ``(F) a household food item;
            ``(G) a tuition payment;
            ``(H) admission to a sporting event, concert, theater, or 
        other form of entertainment not associated with an election 
        campaign; and
            ``(I) dues, fees, and other payments to a health club or 
        recreational facility.''.

SEC. 302. PROHIBITION OF FUNDRAISING ON FEDERAL PROPERTY.

    Section 607 of title 18, United States Code, is amended--
        (1) by striking subsection (a) and inserting the following:
    ``(a) Prohibition.--
        ``(1) In general.--It shall be unlawful for any person to 
    solicit or receive a donation of money or other thing of value in 
    connection with a Federal, State, or local election from a person 
    who is located in a room or building occupied in the discharge of 
    official duties by an officer or employee of the United States. It 
    shall be unlawful for an individual who is an officer or employee 
    of the Federal Government, including the President, Vice President, 
    and Members of Congress, to solicit or receive a donation of money 
    or other thing of value in connection with a Federal, State, or 
    local election, while in any room or building occupied in the 
    discharge of official duties by an officer or employee of the 
    United States, from any person.
        ``(2) Penalty.--A person who violates this section shall be 
    fined not more than $5,000, imprisoned not more than 3 years, or 
    both.''; and
        (2) in subsection (b), by inserting ``or Executive Office of 
    the President'' after ``Congress''.

SEC. 303. STRENGTHENING FOREIGN MONEY BAN.

    Section 319 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 
441e) is amended--
        (1) by striking the heading and inserting the following: 
    ``contributions and donations by foreign nationals''; and
        (2) by striking subsection (a) and inserting the following:
    ``(a) Prohibition.--It shall be unlawful for--
        ``(1) a foreign national, directly or indirectly, to make--
            ``(A) a contribution or donation of money or other thing of 
        value, or to make an express or implied promise to make a 
        contribution or donation, in connection with a Federal, State, 
        or local election;
            ``(B) a contribution or donation to a committee of a 
        political party; or
            ``(C) an expenditure, independent expenditure, or 
        disbursement for an electioneering communication (within the 
        meaning of section 304(f)(3)); or
        ``(2) a person to solicit, accept, or receive a contribution or 
    donation described in subparagraph (A) or (B) of paragraph (1) from 
    a foreign national.''.

SEC. 304. MODIFICATION OF INDIVIDUAL CONTRIBUTION LIMITS IN RESPONSE TO 
              EXPENDITURES FROM PERSONAL FUNDS.

    (a) Increased Limits for Individuals.--Section 315 of the Federal 
Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 441a) is amended--
        (1) in subsection (a)(1), by striking ``No person'' and 
    inserting ``Except as provided in subsection (i), no person''; and
        (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(i) Increased Limit To Allow Response to Expenditures From 
Personal Funds.--
        ``(1) Increase.--
            ``(A) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), if the 
        opposition personal funds amount with respect to a candidate 
        for election to the office of Senator exceeds the threshold 
        amount, the limit under subsection (a)(1)(A) (in this 
        subsection referred to as the `applicable limit') with respect 
        to that candidate shall be the increased limit.
            ``(B) Threshold amount.--
                ``(i) State-by-state competitive and fair campaign 
            formula.--In this subsection, the threshold amount with 
            respect to an election cycle of a candidate described in 
            subparagraph (A) is an amount equal to the sum of--

                    ``(I) $150,000; and
                    ``(II) $0.04 multiplied by the voting age 
                population.

                ``(ii) Voting age population.--In this subparagraph, 
            the term `voting age population' means in the case of a 
            candidate for the office of Senator, the voting age 
            population of the State of the candidate (as certified 
            under section 315(e)).
            ``(C) Increased limit.--Except as provided in clause (ii), 
        for purposes of subparagraph (A), if the opposition personal 
        funds amount is over--
                ``(i) 2 times the threshold amount, but not over 4 
            times that amount--

                    ``(I) the increased limit shall be 3 times the 
                applicable limit; and
                    ``(II) the limit under subsection (a)(3) shall not 
                apply with respect to any contribution made with 
                respect to a candidate if such contribution is made 
                under the increased limit of subparagraph (A) during a 
                period in which the candidate may accept such a 
                contribution;

                ``(ii) 4 times the threshold amount, but not over 10 
            times that amount--

                    ``(I) the increased limit shall be 6 times the 
                applicable limit; and
                    ``(II) the limit under subsection (a)(3) shall not 
                apply with respect to any contribution made with 
                respect to a candidate if such contribution is made 
                under the increased limit of subparagraph (A) during a 
                period in which the candidate may accept such a 
                contribution; and

                ``(iii) 10 times the threshold amount--

                    ``(I) the increased limit shall be 6 times the 
                applicable limit;
                    ``(II) the limit under subsection (a)(3) shall not 
                apply with respect to any contribution made with 
                respect to a candidate if such contribution is made 
                under the increased limit of subparagraph (A) during a 
                period in which the candidate may accept such a 
                contribution; and
                    ``(III) the limits under subsection (d) with 
                respect to any expenditure by a State or national 
                committee of a political party shall not apply.

            ``(D) Opposition personal funds amount.--The opposition 
        personal funds amount is an amount equal to the excess (if any) 
        of--
                ``(i) the greatest aggregate amount of expenditures 
            from personal funds (as defined in section 304(a)(6)(B)) 
            that an opposing candidate in the same election makes; over
                ``(ii) the aggregate amount of expenditures from 
            personal funds made by the candidate with respect to the 
            election.
        ``(2) Time to accept contributions under increased limit.--
            ``(A) In general.--Subject to subparagraph (B), a candidate 
        and the candidate's authorized committee shall not accept any 
        contribution, and a party committee shall not make any 
        expenditure, under the increased limit under paragraph (1)--
                ``(i) until the candidate has received notification of 
            the opposition personal funds amount under section 
            304(a)(6)(B); and
                ``(ii) to the extent that such contribution, when added 
            to the aggregate amount of contributions previously 
            accepted and party expenditures previously made under the 
            increased limits under this subsection for the election 
            cycle, exceeds 110 percent of the opposition personal funds 
            amount.
            ``(B) Effect of withdrawal of an opposing candidate.--A 
        candidate and a candidate's authorized committee shall not 
        accept any contribution and a party shall not make any 
        expenditure under the increased limit after the date on which 
        an opposing candidate ceases to be a candidate to the extent 
        that the amount of such increased limit is attributable to such 
        an opposing candidate.
        ``(3) Disposal of excess contributions.--
            ``(A) In general.--The aggregate amount of contributions 
        accepted by a candidate or a candidate's authorized committee 
        under the increased limit under paragraph (1) and not otherwise 
        expended in connection with the election with respect to which 
        such contributions relate shall, not later than 50 days after 
        the date of such election, be used in the manner described in 
        subparagraph (B).
            ``(B) Return to contributors.--A candidate or a candidate's 
        authorized committee shall return the excess contribution to 
        the person who made the contribution.
    ``(j) Limitation on Repayment of Personal Loans.--Any candidate who 
incurs personal loans made after the effective date of the Bipartisan 
Campaign Reform Act of 2002 in connection with the candidate's campaign 
for election shall not repay (directly or indirectly), to the extent 
such loans exceed $250,000, such loans from any contributions made to 
such candidate or any authorized committee of such candidate after the 
date of such election.''.
    (b) Notification of Expenditures From Personal Funds.--Section 
304(a)(6) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 
434(a)(6)) is amended--
        (1) by redesignating subparagraph (B) as subparagraph (E); and
        (2) by inserting after subparagraph (A) the following:
    ``(B) Notification of expenditure from personal funds.--
        ``(i) Definition of expenditure from personal funds.--In this 
    subparagraph, the term `expenditure from personal funds' means--
            ``(I) an expenditure made by a candidate using personal 
        funds; and
            ``(II) a contribution or loan made by a candidate using 
        personal funds or a loan secured using such funds to the 
        candidate's authorized committee.
        ``(ii) Declaration of intent.--Not later than the date that is 
    15 days after the date on which an individual becomes a candidate 
    for the office of Senator, the candidate shall file a declaration 
    stating the total amount of expenditures from personal funds that 
    the candidate intends to make, or to obligate to make, with respect 
    to the election that will exceed the State-by-State competitive and 
    fair campaign formula with--
            ``(I) the Commission; and
            ``(II) each candidate in the same election.
        ``(iii) Initial notification.--Not later than 24 hours after a 
    candidate described in clause (ii) makes or obligates to make an 
    aggregate amount of expenditures from personal funds in excess of 2 
    times the threshold amount in connection with any election, the 
    candidate shall file a notification with--
            ``(I) the Commission; and
            ``(II) each candidate in the same election.
        ``(iv) Additional notification.--After a candidate files an 
    initial notification under clause (iii), the candidate shall file 
    an additional notification each time expenditures from personal 
    funds are made or obligated to be made in an aggregate amount that 
    exceed $10,000 with--
            ``(I) the Commission; and
            ``(II) each candidate in the same election.
    Such notification shall be filed not later than 24 hours after the 
    expenditure is made.
        ``(v) Contents.--A notification under clause (iii) or (iv) 
    shall include--
            ``(I) the name of the candidate and the office sought by 
        the candidate;
            ``(II) the date and amount of each expenditure; and
            ``(III) the total amount of expenditures from personal 
        funds that the candidate has made, or obligated to make, with 
        respect to an election as of the date of the expenditure that 
        is the subject of the notification.
    ``(C) Notification of disposal of excess contributions.--In the 
next regularly scheduled report after the date of the election for 
which a candidate seeks nomination for election to, or election to, 
Federal office, the candidate or the candidate's authorized committee 
shall submit to the Commission a report indicating the source and 
amount of any excess contributions (as determined under paragraph (1) 
of section 315(i)) and the manner in which the candidate or the 
candidate's authorized committee used such funds.
    ``(D) Enforcement.--For provisions providing for the enforcement of 
the reporting requirements under this paragraph, see section 309.''.
    (c) Definitions.--Section 301 of the Federal Election Campaign Act 
of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 431), as amended by section 101(b), is further 
amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(25) Election cycle.--For purposes of sections 315(i) and 
    315A and paragraph (26), the term `election cycle' means the period 
    beginning on the day after the date of the most recent election for 
    the specific office or seat that a candidate is seeking and ending 
    on the date of the next election for that office or seat. For 
    purposes of the preceding sentence, a primary election and a 
    general election shall be considered to be separate elections.
        ``(26) Personal funds.--The term `personal funds' means an 
    amount that is derived from--
            ``(A) any asset that, under applicable State law, at the 
        time the individual became a candidate, the candidate had legal 
        right of access to or control over, and with respect to which 
        the candidate had--
                ``(i) legal and rightful title; or
                ``(ii) an equitable interest;
            ``(B) income received during the current election cycle of 
        the candidate, including--
                ``(i) a salary and other earned income from bona fide 
            employment;
                ``(ii) dividends and proceeds from the sale of the 
            candidate's stocks or other investments;
                ``(iii) bequests to the candidate;
                ``(iv) income from trusts established before the 
            beginning of the election cycle;
                ``(v) income from trusts established by bequest after 
            the beginning of the election cycle of which the candidate 
            is the beneficiary;
                ``(vi) gifts of a personal nature that had been 
            customarily received by the candidate prior to the 
            beginning of the election cycle; and
                ``(vii) proceeds from lotteries and similar legal games 
            of chance; and
            ``(C) a portion of assets that are jointly owned by the 
        candidate and the candidate's spouse equal to the candidate's 
        share of the asset under the instrument of conveyance or 
        ownership, but if no specific share is indicated by an 
        instrument of conveyance or ownership, the value of \1/2\ of 
        the property.''.

SEC. 305. LIMITATION ON AVAILABILITY OF LOWEST UNIT CHARGE FOR FEDERAL 
              CANDIDATES ATTACKING OPPOSITION.

    (a) In General.--Section 315(b) of the Communications Act of 1934 
(47 U.S.C. 315(b)) is amended--
        (1) by striking ``(b) The charges'' and inserting the 
    following:
    ``(b) Charges.--
        ``(1) In general.--The charges'';
        (2) by redesignating paragraphs (1) and (2) as subparagraphs 
    (A) and (B), respectively; and
        (3) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(2) Content of broadcasts.--
            ``(A) In general.--In the case of a candidate for Federal 
        office, such candidate shall not be entitled to receive the 
        rate under paragraph (1)(A) for the use of any broadcasting 
        station unless the candidate provides written certification to 
        the broadcast station that the candidate (and any authorized 
        committee of the candidate) shall not make any direct reference 
        to another candidate for the same office, in any broadcast 
        using the rights and conditions of access under this Act, 
        unless such reference meets the requirements of subparagraph 
        (C) or (D).
            ``(B) Limitation on charges.--If a candidate for Federal 
        office (or any authorized committee of such candidate) makes a 
        reference described in subparagraph (A) in any broadcast that 
        does not meet the requirements of subparagraph (C) or (D), such 
        candidate shall not be entitled to receive the rate under 
        paragraph (1)(A) for such broadcast or any other broadcast 
        during any portion of the 45-day and 60-day periods described 
        in paragraph (1)(A), that occur on or after the date of such 
        broadcast, for election to such office.
            ``(C) Television broadcasts.--A candidate meets the 
        requirements of this subparagraph if, in the case of a 
        television broadcast, at the end of such broadcast there 
        appears simultaneously, for a period no less than 4 seconds--
                ``(i) a clearly identifiable photographic or similar 
            image of the candidate; and
                ``(ii) a clearly readable printed statement, 
            identifying the candidate and stating that the candidate 
            has approved the broadcast and that the candidate's 
            authorized committee paid for the broadcast.
            ``(D) Radio broadcasts.--A candidate meets the requirements 
        of this subparagraph if, in the case of a radio broadcast, the 
        broadcast includes a personal audio statement by the candidate 
        that identifies the candidate, the office the candidate is 
        seeking, and indicates that the candidate has approved the 
        broadcast.
            ``(E) Certification.--Certifications under this section 
        shall be provided and certified as accurate by the candidate 
        (or any authorized committee of the candidate) at the time of 
        purchase.
            ``(F) Definitions.--For purposes of this paragraph, the 
        terms `authorized committee' and `Federal office' have the 
        meanings given such terms by section 301 of the Federal 
        Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 431).''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--Section 315(b)(1)(A) of the 
Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 315(b)(1)(A)), as amended by this 
Act, is amended by inserting ``subject to paragraph (2),'' before 
``during the forty-five days''.
    (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply to broadcasts made after the effective date of this Act.

SEC. 306. SOFTWARE FOR FILING REPORTS AND PROMPT DISCLOSURE OF 
              CONTRIBUTIONS.

    Section 304(a) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 
U.S.C. 434(a)) is amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(12) Software for filing of reports.--
            ``(A) In general.--The Commission shall--
                ``(i) promulgate standards to be used by vendors to 
            develop software that--

                    ``(I) permits candidates to easily record 
                information concerning receipts and disbursements 
                required to be reported under this Act at the time of 
                the receipt or disbursement;
                    ``(II) allows the information recorded under 
                subclause (I) to be transmitted immediately to the 
                Commission; and
                    ``(III) allows the Commission to post the 
                information on the Internet immediately upon receipt; 
                and

                ``(ii) make a copy of software that meets the standards 
            promulgated under clause (i) available to each person 
            required to file a designation, statement, or report in 
            electronic form under this Act.
            ``(B) Additional information.--To the extent feasible, the 
        Commission shall require vendors to include in the software 
        developed under the standards under subparagraph (A) the 
        ability for any person to file any designation, statement, or 
        report required under this Act in electronic form.
            ``(C) Required use.--Notwithstanding any provision of this 
        Act relating to times for filing reports, each candidate for 
        Federal office (or that candidate's authorized committee) shall 
        use software that meets the standards promulgated under this 
        paragraph once such software is made available to such 
        candidate.
            ``(D) Required posting.--The Commission shall, as soon as 
        practicable, post on the Internet any information received 
        under this paragraph.''.

SEC. 307. MODIFICATION OF CONTRIBUTION LIMITS.

    (a) Increase in Individual Limits for Certain Contributions.--
Section 315(a)(1) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 
U.S.C. 441a(a)(1)) is amended--
        (1) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``$1,000'' and inserting 
    ``$2,000''; and
        (2) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``$20,000'' and inserting 
    ``$25,000''.
    (b) Increase in Annual Aggregate Limit on Individual 
Contributions.--Section 315(a)(3) of the Federal Election Campaign Act 
of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 441a(a)(3)) is amended to read as follows:
    ``(3) During the period which begins on January 1 of an odd-
numbered year and ends on December 31 of the next even-numbered year, 
no individual may make contributions aggregating more than--
        ``(A) $37,500, in the case of contributions to candidates and 
    the authorized committees of candidates;
        ``(B) $57,500, in the case of any other contributions, of which 
    not more than $37,500 may be attributable to contributions to 
    political committees which are not political committees of national 
    political parties.''.
    (c) Increase in Senatorial Campaign Committee Limit.--Section 
315(h) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 441a(h)) 
is amended by striking ``$17,500'' and inserting ``$35,000''.
    (d) Indexing of Contribution Limits.--Section 315(c) of the Federal 
Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 441a(c)) is amended--
        (1) in paragraph (1)--
            (A) by striking the second and third sentences;
            (B) by inserting ``(A)'' before ``At the beginning''; and
            (C) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(B) Except as provided in subparagraph (C), in any calendar year 
after 2002--
        ``(i) a limitation established by subsections (a)(1)(A), 
    (a)(1)(B), (a)(3), (b), (d), or (h) shall be increased by the 
    percent difference determined under subparagraph (A);
        ``(ii) each amount so increased shall remain in effect for the 
    calendar year; and
        ``(iii) if any amount after adjustment under clause (i) is not 
    a multiple of $100, such amount shall be rounded to the nearest 
    multiple of $100.
    ``(C) In the case of limitations under subsections (a)(1)(A), 
(a)(1)(B), (a)(3), and (h), increases shall only be made in odd-
numbered years and such increases shall remain in effect for the 2-year 
period beginning on the first day following the date of the last 
general election in the year preceding the year in which the amount is 
increased and ending on the date of the next general election.''; and
        (2) in paragraph (2)(B), by striking ``means the calendar year 
    1974'' and inserting ``means--
            ``(i) for purposes of subsections (b) and (d), calendar 
        year 1974; and
            ``(ii) for purposes of subsections (a)(1)(A), (a)(1)(B), 
        (a)(3), and (h), calendar year 2001''.
    (e) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply with respect to contributions made on or after January 1, 2003.

SEC. 308. DONATIONS TO PRESIDENTIAL INAUGURAL COMMITTEE.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 5 of title 36, United States Code, is 
amended by--
        (1) redesignating section 510 as section 511; and
        (2) inserting after section 509 the following:

``Sec. 510. Disclosure of and prohibition on certain donations

    ``(a) In General.--A committee shall not be considered to be the 
Inaugural Committee for purposes of this chapter unless the committee 
agrees to, and meets, the requirements of subsections (b) and (c).
    ``(b) Disclosure.--
        ``(1) In general.--Not later than the date that is 90 days 
    after the date of the Presidential inaugural ceremony, the 
    committee shall file a report with the Federal Election Commission 
    disclosing any donation of money or anything of value made to the 
    committee in an aggregate amount equal to or greater than $200.
        ``(2) Contents of report.--A report filed under paragraph (1) 
    shall contain--
            ``(A) the amount of the donation;
            ``(B) the date the donation is received; and
            ``(C) the name and address of the person making the 
        donation.
    ``(c) Limitation.--The committee shall not accept any donation from 
a foreign national (as defined in section 319(b) of the Federal 
Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 441e(b))).''.
    (b) Reports Made Available by FEC.--Section 304 of the Federal 
Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 434), as amended by sections 
103, 201, and 212 is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(h) Reports From Inaugural Committees.--The Federal Election 
Commission shall make any report filed by an Inaugural Committee under 
section 510 of title 36, United States Code, accessible to the public 
at the offices of the Commission and on the Internet not later than 48 
hours after the report is received by the Commission.''.

SEC. 309. PROHIBITION ON FRAUDULENT SOLICITATION OF FUNDS.

    Section 322 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 
441h) is amended--
        (1) by inserting ``(a) In General.--'' before ``No person''; 
    and
        (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(b) Fraudulent Solicitation of Funds.--No person shall--
        ``(1) fraudulently misrepresent the person as speaking, 
    writing, or otherwise acting for or on behalf of any candidate or 
    political party or employee or agent thereof for the purpose of 
    soliciting contributions or donations; or
        ``(2) willfully and knowingly participate in or conspire to 
    participate in any plan, scheme, or design to violate paragraph 
    (1).''.

SEC. 310. STUDY AND REPORT ON CLEAN MONEY CLEAN ELECTIONS LAWS.

    (a) Clean Money Clean Elections Defined.--In this section, the term 
``clean money clean elections'' means funds received under State laws 
that provide in whole or in part for the public financing of election 
campaigns.
    (b) Study.--
        (1) In general.--The Comptroller General shall conduct a study 
    of the clean money clean elections of Arizona and Maine.
        (2) Matters studied.--
            (A) Statistics on clean money clean elections candidates.--
        The Comptroller General shall determine--
                (i) the number of candidates who have chosen to run for 
            public office with clean money clean elections including--

                    (I) the office for which they were candidates;
                    (II) whether the candidate was an incumbent or a 
                challenger; and
                    (III) whether the candidate was successful in the 
                candidate's bid for public office; and

                (ii) the number of races in which at least one 
            candidate ran an election with clean money clean elections.
            (B) Effects of clean money clean elections.--The 
        Comptroller General of the United States shall describe the 
        effects of public financing under the clean money clean 
        elections laws on the 2000 elections in Arizona and Maine.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit a 
report to the Congress detailing the results of the study conducted 
under subsection (b).

SEC. 311. CLARITY STANDARDS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF SPONSORS OF ELECTION-
              RELATED ADVERTISING.

    Section 318 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 
441d) is amended--
        (1) in subsection (a)--
            (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1)--
                (i) by striking ``Whenever'' and inserting ``Whenever a 
            political committee makes a disbursement for the purpose of 
            financing any communication through any broadcasting 
            station, newspaper, magazine, outdoor advertising facility, 
            mailing, or any other type of general public political 
            advertising, or whenever'';
                (ii) by striking ``an expenditure'' and inserting ``a 
            disbursement'';
                (iii) by striking ``direct''; and
                (iv) by inserting ``or makes a disbursement for an 
            electioneering communication (as defined in section 
            304(f)(3))'' after ``public political advertising''; and
            (B) in paragraph (3), by inserting ``and permanent street 
        address, telephone number, or World Wide Web address'' after 
        ``name''; and
        (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(c) Specification.--Any printed communication described in 
subsection (a) shall--
        ``(1) be of sufficient type size to be clearly readable by the 
    recipient of the communication;
        ``(2) be contained in a printed box set apart from the other 
    contents of the communication; and
        ``(3) be printed with a reasonable degree of color contrast 
    between the background and the printed statement.
    ``(d) Additional Requirements.--
        ``(1) Communications by candidates or authorized persons.--
            ``(A) By radio.--Any communication described in paragraph 
        (1) or (2) of subsection (a) which is transmitted through radio 
        shall include, in addition to the requirements of that 
        paragraph, an audio statement by the candidate that identifies 
        the candidate and states that the candidate has approved the 
        communication.
            ``(B) By television.--Any communication described in 
        paragraph (1) or (2) of subsection (a) which is transmitted 
        through television shall include, in addition to the 
        requirements of that paragraph, a statement that identifies the 
        candidate and states that the candidate has approved the 
        communication. Such statement--
                ``(i) shall be conveyed by--

                    ``(I) an unobscured, full-screen view of the 
                candidate making the statement, or
                    ``(II) the candidate in voice-over, accompanied by 
                a clearly identifiable photographic or similar image of 
                the candidate; and

                ``(ii) shall also appear in writing at the end of the 
            communication in a clearly readable manner with a 
            reasonable degree of color contrast between the background 
            and the printed statement, for a period of at least 4 
            seconds.
        ``(2) Communications by others.--Any communication described in 
    paragraph (3) of subsection (a) which is transmitted through radio 
    or television shall include, in addition to the requirements of 
    that paragraph, in a clearly spoken manner, the following audio 
    statement: `__________ is responsible for the content of this 
    advertising.' (with the blank to be filled in with the name of the 
    political committee or other person paying for the communication 
    and the name of any connected organization of the payor). If 
    transmitted through television, the statement shall be conveyed by 
    an unobscured, full-screen view of a representative of the 
    political committee or other person making the statement, or by a 
    representative of such political committee or other person in 
    voice-over, and shall also appear in a clearly readable manner with 
    a reasonable degree of color contrast between the background and 
    the printed statement, for a period of at least 4 seconds.''.

SEC. 312. INCREASE IN PENALTIES.

    (a) In General.--Subparagraph (A) of section 309(d)(1) of the 
Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 437g(d)(1)(A)) is 
amended to read as follows:
    ``(A) Any person who knowingly and willfully commits a violation of 
any provision of this Act which involves the making, receiving, or 
reporting of any contribution, donation, or expenditure--
        ``(i) aggregating $25,000 or more during a calendar year shall 
    be fined under title 18, United States Code, or imprisoned for not 
    more than 5 years, or both; or
        ``(ii) aggregating $2,000 or more (but less than $25,000) 
    during a calendar year shall be fined under such title, or 
    imprisoned for not more than 1 year, or both.''.
    (b) Effective Date.--The amendment made by this section shall apply 
to violations occurring on or after the effective date of this Act.

SEC. 313. STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS.

    (a) In General.--Section 406(a) of the Federal Election Campaign 
Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 455(a)) is amended by striking ``3'' and 
inserting ``5''.
    (b) Effective Date.--The amendment made by this section shall apply 
to violations occurring on or after the effective date of this Act.

SEC. 314. SENTENCING GUIDELINES.

    (a) In General.--The United States Sentencing Commission shall--
        (1) promulgate a guideline, or amend an existing guideline 
    under section 994 of title 28, United States Code, in accordance 
    with paragraph (2), for penalties for violations of the Federal 
    Election Campaign Act of 1971 and related election laws; and
        (2) submit to Congress an explanation of any guidelines 
    promulgated under paragraph (1) and any legislative or 
    administrative recommendations regarding enforcement of the Federal 
    Election Campaign Act of 1971 and related election laws.
    (b) Considerations.--The Commission shall provide guidelines under 
subsection (a) taking into account the following considerations:
        (1) Ensure that the sentencing guidelines and policy statements 
    reflect the serious nature of such violations and the need for 
    aggressive and appropriate law enforcement action to prevent such 
    violations.
        (2) Provide a sentencing enhancement for any person convicted 
    of such violation if such violation involves--
            (A) a contribution, donation, or expenditure from a foreign 
        source;
            (B) a large number of illegal transactions;
            (C) a large aggregate amount of illegal contributions, 
        donations, or expenditures;
            (D) the receipt or disbursement of governmental funds; and
            (E) an intent to achieve a benefit from the Federal 
        Government.
        (3) Assure reasonable consistency with other relevant 
    directives and guidelines of the Commission.
        (4) Account for aggravating or mitigating circumstances that 
    might justify exceptions, including circumstances for which the 
    sentencing guidelines currently provide sentencing enhancements.
        (5) Assure the guidelines adequately meet the purposes of 
    sentencing under section 3553(a)(2) of title 18, United States 
    Code.
    (c) Effective Date; Emergency Authority To Promulgate Guidelines.--
        (1) Effective date.--Notwithstanding section 402, the United 
    States Sentencing Commission shall promulgate guidelines under this 
    section not later than the later of--
            (A) 90 days after the effective date of this Act; or
            (B) 90 days after the date on which at least a majority of 
        the members of the Commission are appointed and holding office.
        (2) Emergency authority to promulgate guidelines.--The 
    Commission shall promulgate guidelines under this section in 
    accordance with the procedures set forth in section 21(a) of the 
    Sentencing Reform Act of 1987, as though the authority under such 
    Act has not expired.

SEC. 315. INCREASE IN PENALTIES IMPOSED FOR VIOLATIONS OF CONDUIT 
              CONTRIBUTION BAN.

    (a) Increase in Civil Money Penalty for Knowing and Willful 
Violations.--Section 309(a) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 
1971 (2 U.S.C. 437g(a)) is amended--
        (1) in paragraph (5)(B), by inserting before the period at the 
    end the following: ``(or, in the case of a violation of section 
    320, which is not less than 300 percent of the amount involved in 
    the violation and is not more than the greater of $50,000 or 1,000 
    percent of the amount involved in the violation)''; and
        (2) in paragraph (6)(C), by inserting before the period at the 
    end the following: ``(or, in the case of a violation of section 
    320, which is not less than 300 percent of the amount involved in 
    the violation and is not more than the greater of $50,000 or 1,000 
    percent of the amount involved in the violation)''.
    (b) Increase in Criminal Penalty.--Section 309(d)(1) of such Act (2 
U.S.C. 437g(d)(1)) is amended by adding at the end the following new 
subparagraph:
    ``(D) Any person who knowingly and willfully commits a violation of 
section 320 involving an amount aggregating more than $10,000 during a 
calendar year shall be--
        ``(i) imprisoned for not more than 2 years if the amount is 
    less than $25,000 (and subject to imprisonment under subparagraph 
    (A) if the amount is $25,000 or more);
        ``(ii) fined not less than 300 percent of the amount involved 
    in the violation and not more than the greater of--
            ``(I) $50,000; or
            ``(II) 1,000 percent of the amount involved in the 
        violation; or
        ``(iii) both imprisoned under clause (i) and fined under clause 
    (ii).''.
    (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply with respect to violations occurring on or after the effective 
date of this Act.

SEC. 316. RESTRICTION ON INCREASED CONTRIBUTION LIMITS BY TAKING INTO 
              ACCOUNT CANDIDATE'S AVAILABLE FUNDS.

    Section 315(i)(1) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 
U.S.C. 441a(i)(1)), as added by this Act, is amended by adding at the 
end the following:
            ``(E) Special rule for candidate's campaign funds.--
                ``(i) In general.--For purposes of determining the 
            aggregate amount of expenditures from personal funds under 
            subparagraph (D)(ii), such amount shall include the gross 
            receipts advantage of the candidate's authorized committee.
                ``(ii) Gross receipts advantage.--For purposes of 
            clause (i), the term `gross receipts advantage' means the 
            excess, if any, of--

                    ``(I) the aggregate amount of 50 percent of gross 
                receipts of a candidate's authorized committee during 
                any election cycle (not including contributions from 
                personal funds of the candidate) that may be expended 
                in connection with the election, as determined on June 
                30 and December 31 of the year preceding the year in 
                which a general election is held, over
                    ``(II) the aggregate amount of 50 percent of gross 
                receipts of the opposing candidate's authorized 
                committee during any election cycle (not including 
                contributions from personal funds of the candidate) 
                that may be expended in connection with the election, 
                as determined on June 30 and December 31 of the year 
                preceding the year in which a general election is 
                held.''.

SEC. 317. CLARIFICATION OF RIGHT OF NATIONALS OF THE UNITED STATES TO 
              MAKE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS.

    Section 319(b)(2) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 
U.S.C. 441e(b)(2)) is amended by inserting after ``United States'' the 
following: ``or a national of the United States (as defined in section 
101(a)(22) of the Immigration and Nationality Act)''.

SEC. 318. PROHIBITION OF CONTRIBUTIONS BY MINORS.

    Title III of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 
431 et seq.), as amended by section 101, is further amended by adding 
at the end the following new section:


                 ``prohibition of contributions by minors

    ``Sec. 324. An individual who is 17 years old or younger shall not 
make a contribution to a candidate or a contribution or donation to a 
committee of a political party.''.

SEC. 319. MODIFICATION OF INDIVIDUAL CONTRIBUTION LIMITS FOR HOUSE 
              CANDIDATES IN RESPONSE TO EXPENDITURES FROM PERSONAL 
              FUNDS.

    (a) Increased Limits.--Title III of the Federal Election Campaign 
Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 431 et seq.) is amended by inserting after 
section 315 the following new section:


  ``modification of certain limits for house candidates in response to 
                personal fund expenditures of opponents

    ``Sec. 315A. (a) Availability of Increased Limit.--
        ``(1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (3), if the opposition 
    personal funds amount with respect to a candidate for election to 
    the office of Representative in, or Delegate or Resident 
    Commissioner to, the Congress exceeds $350,000--
            ``(A) the limit under subsection (a)(1)(A) with respect to 
        the candidate shall be tripled;
            ``(B) the limit under subsection (a)(3) shall not apply 
        with respect to any contribution made with respect to the 
        candidate if the contribution is made under the increased limit 
        allowed under subparagraph (A) during a period in which the 
        candidate may accept such a contribution; and
            ``(C) the limits under subsection (d) with respect to any 
        expenditure by a State or national committee of a political 
        party on behalf of the candidate shall not apply.
        ``(2) Determination of opposition personal funds amount.--
            ``(A) In general.--The opposition personal funds amount is 
        an amount equal to the excess (if any) of--
                ``(i) the greatest aggregate amount of expenditures 
            from personal funds (as defined in subsection (b)(1)) that 
            an opposing candidate in the same election makes; over
                ``(ii) the aggregate amount of expenditures from 
            personal funds made by the candidate with respect to the 
            election.
            ``(B) Special rule for candidate's campaign funds.--
                ``(i) In general.--For purposes of determining the 
            aggregate amount of expenditures from personal funds under 
            subparagraph (A), such amount shall include the gross 
            receipts advantage of the candidate's authorized committee.
                ``(ii) Gross receipts advantage.--For purposes of 
            clause (i), the term `gross receipts advantage' means the 
            excess, if any, of--

                    ``(I) the aggregate amount of 50 percent of gross 
                receipts of a candidate's authorized committee during 
                any election cycle (not including contributions from 
                personal funds of the candidate) that may be expended 
                in connection with the election, as determined on June 
                30 and December 31 of the year preceding the year in 
                which a general election is held, over
                    ``(II) the aggregate amount of 50 percent of gross 
                receipts of the opposing candidate's authorized 
                committee during any election cycle (not including 
                contributions from personal funds of the candidate) 
                that may be expended in connection with the election, 
                as determined on June 30 and December 31 of the year 
                preceding the year in which a general election is held.

        ``(3) Time to accept contributions under increased limit.--
            ``(A) In general.--Subject to subparagraph (B), a candidate 
        and the candidate's authorized committee shall not accept any 
        contribution, and a party committee shall not make any 
        expenditure, under the increased limit under paragraph (1)--
                ``(i) until the candidate has received notification of 
            the opposition personal funds amount under subsection 
            (b)(1); and
                ``(ii) to the extent that such contribution, when added 
            to the aggregate amount of contributions previously 
            accepted and party expenditures previously made under the 
            increased limits under this subsection for the election 
            cycle, exceeds 100 percent of the opposition personal funds 
            amount.
            ``(B) Effect of withdrawal of an opposing candidate.--A 
        candidate and a candidate's authorized committee shall not 
        accept any contribution and a party shall not make any 
        expenditure under the increased limit after the date on which 
        an opposing candidate ceases to be a candidate to the extent 
        that the amount of such increased limit is attributable to such 
        an opposing candidate.
        ``(4) Disposal of excess contributions.--
            ``(A) In general.--The aggregate amount of contributions 
        accepted by a candidate or a candidate's authorized committee 
        under the increased limit under paragraph (1) and not otherwise 
        expended in connection with the election with respect to which 
        such contributions relate shall, not later than 50 days after 
        the date of such election, be used in the manner described in 
        subparagraph (B).
            ``(B) Return to contributors.--A candidate or a candidate's 
        authorized committee shall return the excess contribution to 
        the person who made the contribution.
    ``(b) Notification of Expenditures From Personal Funds.--
        ``(1) In general.--
            ``(A) Definition of expenditure from personal funds.--In 
        this paragraph, the term `expenditure from personal funds' 
        means--
                ``(i) an expenditure made by a candidate using personal 
            funds; and
                ``(ii) a contribution or loan made by a candidate using 
            personal funds or a loan secured using such funds to the 
            candidate's authorized committee.
            ``(B) Declaration of intent.--Not later than the date that 
        is 15 days after the date on which an individual becomes a 
        candidate for the office of Representative in, or Delegate or 
        Resident Commissioner to, the Congress, the candidate shall 
        file a declaration stating the total amount of expenditures 
        from personal funds that the candidate intends to make, or to 
        obligate to make, with respect to the election that will exceed 
        $350,000.
            ``(C) Initial notification.--Not later than 24 hours after 
        a candidate described in subparagraph (B) makes or obligates to 
        make an aggregate amount of expenditures from personal funds in 
        excess of $350,000 in connection with any election, the 
        candidate shall file a notification.
            ``(D) Additional notification.--After a candidate files an 
        initial notification under subparagraph (C), the candidate 
        shall file an additional notification each time expenditures 
        from personal funds are made or obligated to be made in an 
        aggregate amount that exceeds $10,000. Such notification shall 
        be filed not later than 24 hours after the expenditure is made.
            ``(E) Contents.--A notification under subparagraph (C) or 
        (D) shall include--
                ``(i) the name of the candidate and the office sought 
            by the candidate;
                ``(ii) the date and amount of each expenditure; and
                ``(iii) the total amount of expenditures from personal 
            funds that the candidate has made, or obligated to make, 
            with respect to an election as of the date of the 
            expenditure that is the subject of the notification.
            ``(F) Place of filing.--Each declaration or notification 
        required to be filed by a candidate under subparagraph (C), 
        (D), or (E) shall be filed with--
                ``(i) the Commission; and
                ``(ii) each candidate in the same election and the 
            national party of each such candidate.
        ``(2) Notification of disposal of excess contributions.--In the 
    next regularly scheduled report after the date of the election for 
    which a candidate seeks nomination for election to, or election to, 
    Federal office, the candidate or the candidate's authorized 
    committee shall submit to the Commission a report indicating the 
    source and amount of any excess contributions (as determined under 
    subsection (a)) and the manner in which the candidate or the 
    candidate's authorized committee used such funds.
        ``(3) Enforcement.--For provisions providing for the 
    enforcement of the reporting requirements under this subsection, 
    see section 309.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--Section 315(a)(1) of the Federal 
Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 441a), as amended by section 
304(a), is amended by striking ``subsection (i),'' and inserting 
``subsection (i) and section 315A,''.

                 TITLE IV--SEVERABILITY; EFFECTIVE DATE

SEC. 401. SEVERABILITY.

    If any provision of this Act or amendment made by this Act, or the 
application of a provision or amendment to any person or circumstance, 
is held to be unconstitutional, the remainder of this Act and 
amendments made by this Act, and the application of the provisions and 
amendment to any person or circumstance, shall not be affected by the 
holding.

SEC. 402. EFFECTIVE DATES AND REGULATIONS.

    (a) General Effective Date.--
        (1) In general.--Except as provided in the succeeding 
    provisions of this section, the effective date of this Act, and the 
    amendments made by this Act, is November 6, 2002.
        (2) Modification of contribution limits.--The amendments made 
    by--
            (A) section 102 shall apply with respect to contributions 
        made on or after January 1, 2003; and
            (B) section 307 shall take effect as provided in subsection 
        (e) of such section.
        (3) Severability; effective dates and regulations; judicial 
    review.--Title IV shall take effect on the date of enactment of 
    this Act.
        (4) Provisions not to apply to runoff elections.--Section 
    323(b) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (as added by 
    section 101(a)), section 103(a), title II, sections 304 (including 
    section 315(j) of Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971, as added 
    by section 304(a)(2)), 305 (notwithstanding subsection (c) of such 
    section), 311, 316, 318, and 319, and title V (and the amendments 
    made by such sections and titles) shall take effect on November 6, 
    2002, but shall not apply with respect to runoff elections, 
    recounts, or election contests resulting from elections held prior 
    to such date.
    (b) Soft Money of National Political Parties.--
        (1) In general.--Except for subsection (b) of such section, 
    section 323 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (as added 
    by section 101(a)) shall take effect on November 6, 2002.
        (2) Transitional rules for the spending of soft money of 
    national political parties.--
            (A) In general.--Notwithstanding section 323(a) of the 
        Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (as added by section 
        101(a)), if a national committee of a political party described 
        in such section (including any person who is subject to such 
        section under paragraph (2) of such section), has received 
        funds described in such section prior to November 6, 2002, the 
        rules described in subparagraph (B) shall apply with respect to 
        the spending of the amount of such funds in the possession of 
        such committee as of such date.
            (B) Use of excess soft money funds.--
                (i) In general.--Subject to clauses (ii) and (iii), the 
            national committee of a political party may use the amount 
            described in subparagraph (A) prior to January 1, 2003, 
            solely for the purpose of--

                    (I) retiring outstanding debts or obligations that 
                were incurred solely in connection with an election 
                held prior to November 6, 2002; or
                    (II) paying expenses or retiring outstanding debts 
                or paying for obligations that were incurred solely in 
                connection with any runoff election, recount, or 
                election contest resulting from an election held prior 
                to November 6, 2002.

                (ii) Prohibition on using soft money for hard money 
            expenses, debts, and obligations.--A national committee of 
            a political party may not use the amount described in 
            subparagraph (A) for any expenditure (as defined in section 
            301(9) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 
            U.S.C. 431(9))) or for retiring outstanding debts or 
            obligations that were incurred for such an expenditure.
                (iii) Prohibition of building fund uses.--A national 
            committee of a political party may not use the amount 
            described in subparagraph (A) for activities to defray the 
            costs of the construction or purchase of any office 
            building or facility.
    (c) Regulations.--
        (1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), the 
    Federal Election Commission shall promulgate regulations to carry 
    out this Act and the amendments made by this Act that are under the 
    Commission's jurisdiction not later than 270 days after the date of 
    enactment of this Act.
        (2) Soft money of political parties.--Not later than 90 days 
    after the date of enactment of this Act, the Federal Election 
    Commission shall promulgate regulations to carry out title I of 
    this Act and the amendments made by such title.

SEC. 403. JUDICIAL REVIEW.

    (a) Special Rules for Actions Brought on Constitutional Grounds.--
If any action is brought for declaratory or injunctive relief to 
challenge the constitutionality of any provision of this Act or any 
amendment made by this Act, the following rules shall apply:
        (1) The action shall be filed in the United States District 
    Court for the District of Columbia and shall be heard by a 3-judge 
    court convened pursuant to section 2284 of title 28, United States 
    Code.
        (2) A copy of the complaint shall be delivered promptly to the 
    Clerk of the House of Representatives and the Secretary of the 
    Senate.
        (3) A final decision in the action shall be reviewable only by 
    appeal directly to the Supreme Court of the United States. Such 
    appeal shall be taken by the filing of a notice of appeal within 10 
    days, and the filing of a jurisdictional statement within 30 days, 
    of the entry of the final decision.
        (4) It shall be the duty of the United States District Court 
    for the District of Columbia and the Supreme Court of the United 
    States to advance on the docket and to expedite to the greatest 
    possible extent the disposition of the action and appeal.
    (b) Intervention by Members of Congress.--In any action in which 
the constitutionality of any provision of this Act or any amendment 
made by this Act is raised (including but not limited to an action 
described in subsection (a)), any member of the House of 
Representatives (including a Delegate or Resident Commissioner to the 
Congress) or Senate shall have the right to intervene either in support 
of or opposition to the position of a party to the case regarding the 
constitutionality of the provision or amendment. To avoid duplication 
of efforts and reduce the burdens placed on the parties to the action, 
the court in any such action may make such orders as it considers 
necessary, including orders to require intervenors taking similar 
positions to file joint papers or to be represented by a single 
attorney at oral argument.
    (c) Challenge by Members of Congress.--Any Member of Congress may 
bring an action, subject to the special rules described in subsection 
(a), for declaratory or injunctive relief to challenge the 
constitutionality of any provision of this Act or any amendment made by 
this Act.
    (d) Applicability.--
        (1) Initial claims.--With respect to any action initially filed 
    on or before December 31, 2006, the provisions of subsection (a) 
    shall apply with respect to each action described in such section.
        (2) Subsequent actions.--With respect to any action initially 
    filed after December 31, 2006, the provisions of subsection (a) 
    shall not apply to any action described in such section unless the 
    person filing such action elects such provisions to apply to the 
    action.

               TITLE V--ADDITIONAL DISCLOSURE PROVISIONS

SEC. 501. INTERNET ACCESS TO RECORDS.

    Section 304(a)(11)(B) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 
(2 U.S.C. 434(a)(11)(B)) is amended to read as follows:
    ``(B) The Commission shall make a designation, statement, report, 
or notification that is filed with the Commission under this Act 
available for inspection by the public in the offices of the Commission 
and accessible to the public on the Internet not later than 48 hours 
(or not later than 24 hours in the case of a designation, statement, 
report, or notification filed electronically) after receipt by the 
Commission.''.

SEC. 502. MAINTENANCE OF WEBSITE OF ELECTION REPORTS.

    (a) In General.--The Federal Election Commission shall maintain a 
central site on the Internet to make accessible to the public all 
publicly available election-related reports and information.
    (b) Election-Related Report.--In this section, the term ``election-
related report'' means any report, designation, or statement required 
to be filed under the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971.
    (c) Coordination With Other Agencies.--Any Federal executive agency 
receiving election-related information which that agency is required by 
law to publicly disclose shall cooperate and coordinate with the 
Federal Election Commission to make such report available through, or 
for posting on, the site of the Federal Election Commission in a timely 
manner.

SEC. 503. ADDITIONAL DISCLOSURE REPORTS.

    (a) Principal Campaign Committees.--Section 304(a)(2)(B) of the 
Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 is amended by striking ``the 
following reports'' and all that follows through the period and 
inserting ``the treasurer shall file quarterly reports, which shall be 
filed not later than the 15th day after the last day of each calendar 
quarter, and which shall be complete as of the last day of each 
calendar quarter, except that the report for the quarter ending 
December 31 shall be filed not later than January 31 of the following 
calendar year.''.
    (b) National Committee of a Political Party.--Section 304(a)(4) of 
such Act (2 U.S.C. 434(a)(4)) is amended by adding at the end the 
following flush sentence: ``Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, a 
national committee of a political party shall file the reports required 
under subparagraph (B).''.

SEC. 504. PUBLIC ACCESS TO BROADCASTING RECORDS.

    Section 315 of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 315), as 
amended by this Act, is amended by redesignating subsections (e) and 
(f) as subsections (f) and (g), respectively, and inserting after 
subsection (d) the following:
    ``(e) Political Record.--
        ``(1) In general.--A licensee shall maintain, and make 
    available for public inspection, a complete record of a request to 
    purchase broadcast time that--
            ``(A) is made by or on behalf of a legally qualified 
        candidate for public office; or
            ``(B) communicates a message relating to any political 
        matter of national importance, including--
                ``(i) a legally qualified candidate;
                ``(ii) any election to Federal office; or
                ``(iii) a national legislative issue of public 
            importance.
        ``(2) Contents of record.--A record maintained under paragraph 
    (1) shall contain information regarding--
            ``(A) whether the request to purchase broadcast time is 
        accepted or rejected by the licensee;
            ``(B) the rate charged for the broadcast time;
            ``(C) the date and time on which the communication is 
        aired;
            ``(D) the class of time that is purchased;
            ``(E) the name of the candidate to which the communication 
        refers and the office to which the candidate is seeking 
        election, the election to which the communication refers, or 
        the issue to which the communication refers (as applicable);
            ``(F) in the case of a request made by, or on behalf of, a 
        candidate, the name of the candidate, the authorized committee 
        of the candidate, and the treasurer of such committee; and
            ``(G) in the case of any other request, the name of the 
        person purchasing the time, the name, address, and phone number 
        of a contact person for such person, and a list of the chief 
        executive officers or members of the executive committee or of 
        the board of directors of such person.
        ``(3) Time to maintain file.--The information required under 
    this subsection shall be placed in a political file as soon as 
    possible and shall be retained by the licensee for a period of not 
    less than 2 years.''.

                               Speaker of the House of Representatives.

                            Vice President of the United States and    
                                               President of the Senate.