[Congressional Bills 106th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 1776 Introduced in Senate (IS)]







106th CONGRESS
  1st Session
                                S. 1776

To amend the Energy Policy Act of 1992 to revise the energy policies of 
the United States in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, advance 
 global climate science, promote technology development, and increase 
               citizen awareness, and for other purposes.


_______________________________________________________________________


                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                            October 23, 1999

   Mr. Craig (for himself, Mr. Hagel, Mr. Roberts, Mr. Enzi, and Mr. 
Grams) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred 
            to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
To amend the Energy Policy Act of 1992 to revise the energy policies of 
the United States in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, advance 
 global climate science, promote technology development, and increase 
               citizen awareness, and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Climate Change 
Energy Policy Response Act''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents of this Act follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Findings.
Sec. 3. Definitions.
                  TITLE I--ENERGY POLICY COORDINATION

Sec. 101. Responsibility of Department of Energy.
            TITLE II--ADVANCEMENT OF CLIMATE CHANGE SCIENCE

Sec. 201. Coordination, prioritization, and evaluation of climate 
                            change science research.
          TITLE III--COMPREHENSIVE POLICY REVIEW AND ANALYSIS

Sec. 301. Domestic and international assessment of policies for 
                            addressing the effects of greenhouse gas 
                            emissions.
                     TITLE IV--PUBLIC RIGHT TO KNOW

Sec. 401. Annual report to public.
 TITLE V--ACCELERATED DEVELOPMENT AND DEPLOYMENT OF RESPONSE TECHNOLOGY

Sec. 501. Review of federally funded energy technology research and 
                            development.
Sec. 502. Study of regulatory barriers to rapid deployment of emission 
                            reduction technology.
  TITLE VI--INTERNATIONAL DEPLOYMENT OF ENERGY TECHNOLOGY TO MITIGATE 
                             CLIMATE CHANGE

Sec. 601. International deployment of energy technology to mitigate 
                            climate change.
   TITLE VII--OPTIMAL OPERATING EFFICIENCY OF TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS

Sec. 701. Traffic congestion relief research.
                   TITLE VIII--VOLUNTARY INITIATIVES

Sec. 801. Improved and streamlined reporting and certification of 
                            voluntary measures. 
Sec. 802. Public awareness campaign regarding benefits of certification 
                            of voluntary emission reductions.
Sec. 803. State authority to encourage voluntary energy initiatives.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    Congress finds that--
            (1) to responsibly address climate change issues requires 
        examination of energy policies and practices;
            (2) global climate change issues have profound scientific, 
        technological, economic, and public policy facets that must be 
        addressed in a comprehensive, integrated fashion;
            (3) current scientific research, experimentation, and data 
        collection are not adequately focused on answering key 
        questions within the United States or internationally;
            (4)(A) the lack of a coordinated climate modeling strategy 
        in the United States is hampering progress in high-end climate 
        modeling activities;
            (B) the United States lacks the capabilities to perform the 
        requisite climate change modeling simulations and experiments 
        in order to be able to apply existing United States 
        intellectual expertise to important science and policy 
        questions related to climate change; and
            (C) those deficiencies, among others, limit the ability of 
        the United States to--
                    (i) predict future climate characteristics and 
                assess the results of climate change;
                    (ii) formulate policies that are consistent with 
                national objectives; and
                    (iii) advance most effectively an understanding of 
                the underlying scientific issues pertaining to climate 
                change and variability;
            (5) there has been a lack of progress made by Federal 
        agencies responsible for climate observation systems, 
        individually and collectively, in developing and maintaining a 
        credible, integrated climate observing system, consequently 
        limiting the ability of the United States to document and 
        understand climate change adequately;
            (6)(A) developing and deploying technologies can speed the 
        transition to a lower level of greenhouse gas emissions in the 
        United States and throughout the world;
            (B) the pace of technological change in the marketplace is 
        difficult to predict accurately; while breakthroughs in such 
        developments are often incremental, capital turnover, consumer 
        acceptance, technological compatibility, economics, and other 
        factors can alter the pace of such change; and
            (C) such technologies need to be environmentally sound, 
        safe, cost-effective, and consumer-friendly;
            (7)(A) public access to scientific, economic, and public 
        policy information regarding climate change is severely 
        limited;
            (B) the public's right to know and to be fully informed of 
        all aspects of climate change is not being satisfied; and
            (C) open and balanced discussion leading to public support 
        for the best environmentally and economically sound approaches 
        to climate change policy resolution is urgently needed;
            (8) sufficient scientific questions and public interest 
        exist to warrant tangible encouragement and acknowledgment of 
        responsible actions by private entities to reduce, avoid, or 
        offset greenhouse gas emissions, even though many scientific, 
        technological, economic, and public policy questions have not 
        yet been resolved;
            (9) voluntary measures should be encouraged through 
        incentives rather than in anticipation of future domestic or 
        international regulatory mandates; and
            (10) greenhouse gas emission improvements can be achieved 
        through voluntary measures even as we answer yet unresolved key 
        questions about global and regional climates.

SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS.

    (a) In General.--Title XVI of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 is 
amended by inserting before section 1601 (42 U.S.C. 13381) the 
following:

``SEC. 1600. DEFINITIONS.

    ``In this title:
            ``(1) Administrator.--The term `Administrator' means the 
        Administrator of the Energy Information Administration.
            ``(2) Emission reduction.--The term `emission reduction' 
        includes--
                    ``(A) avoidance of the emission of a greenhouse 
                gas;
                    ``(B) a limitation on the emission of a greenhouse 
                gas;
                    ``(C) sequestration of carbon; and
                    ``(D) mitigation for the emission of a greenhouse 
                gas.
            ``(3) Energy technology.--The term `energy technology' 
        means--
                    ``(A) a technology to relating to--
                            ``(i) the generation or production 
                        (including exploration and discovery) of an 
                        energy source; or
                            ``(ii) the transmission, distribution, 
                        conservation, or use of energy that could 
                        reduce greenhouse gas emissions; and
                    ``(B) a technology relating to carbon 
                sequestration, including carbon sequestration through 
                crops, soils, forests, oceans, and wetlands.
            ``(4) Greenhouse gas.--The term `greenhouse gas' means a 
        gaseous constituent of the atmosphere, natural or 
        anthropogenic, that absorbs and re-emits infrared radiation.''.
    (b) Technical Amendment.--The table of contents of the Energy 
Policy Act of 1992 (106 Stat. 2776) is amended by inserting before the 
item relating to section 1601 the following:

``Sec. 1600. Definitions.''.

                  TITLE I--ENERGY POLICY COORDINATION

SEC. 101. RESPONSIBILITY OF DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY.

    (a) In General.--Section 1603 of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (42 
U.S.C. 13383) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``Within 6 months'' and inserting the 
        following:
    ``(a) In General.--Within 6 months''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(b) Role of Secretary.--The Secretary, consistent with other 
Federal law, shall--
            ``(1) coordinate all energy-related activities involving 
        climate change issues, including scientific research, energy 
        technology and development, and evaluation of effects and 
        implications on energy use, sources, and related activities of 
        various global climate change policies described in this title;
            ``(2) select policies to be assessed under this section and 
        conduct the assessments; and
            ``(3) ensure that--
                    ``(A) the collection and dissemination of all 
                information developed and disseminated (including data 
                and modeling results) relating to climate change issues 
                described in this title is timely, balanced, accurate, 
                and sound; and
                    ``(B) the information described in subparagraph (A) 
                is made available to the public.
    ``(c) Staff.--
            ``(1) Staff director.--The Secretary of Energy shall 
        designate an appropriate officer of the Department of Energy to 
        function as staff director for the Secretary for functions 
        assigned to the Secretary under this title.
            ``(2) Staff support.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary of Energy may 
                request from the Secretary of Agriculture, Secretary of 
                Commerce, Secretary of State, and Secretary of 
                Transportation such additional staff support as the 
                Secretary may require to carry out functions under this 
                title.
                    ``(B) Personnel on detail.--Staff provided under 
                subparagraph (A) shall serve on detail to the Secretary 
                with the approval of the respective agency heads.
                    ``(C) No staffing increase.--This subsection and 
                the other amendments made to this title by the Climate 
                Change Energy Policy Response Act shall not serve to 
                authorize an increase in staffing authority for the 
                Secretary or any such agency head.
    ``(d) Consultation With NAS, NAE, NRC, and EPA.--The Secretary 
shall consult, as appropriate, with--
            ``(1) the National Academy of Sciences and National Academy 
        of Engineering;
            ``(2) the National Research Council; and
            ``(3) the Environmental Protection Agency.''.
    (b) Technical Amendments.--
            (1) The section heading for section 1603 of the Energy 
        Policy Act of 1992 is amended by striking ``director of'' and 
        inserting ``coordination of''.
            (2) The item in the table of contents for the Energy Policy 
        Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 13381 et seq.) is amended by striking 
        ``Director of'' and inserting ``Coordination of''.

            TITLE II--ADVANCEMENT OF CLIMATE CHANGE SCIENCE

SEC. 201. COORDINATION, PRIORITIZATION, AND EVALUATION OF CLIMATE 
              CHANGE SCIENCE RESEARCH.

    (a) In General.--Title XVI of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (42 
U.S.C. 13381 et seq.) is amended by striking section 1604 and inserting 
the following:

``SEC. 1604. COORDINATION, PRIORITIZATION, AND EVALUATION OF CLIMATE 
              CHANGE SCIENCE RESEARCH.

    ``(a) In General.--The Secretary, with the advice and assistance of 
the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of 
Engineering, shall coordinate, prioritize, and evaluate the Federally 
funded research conducted by or through Federal agencies that, in whole 
or in part, involves climate change science.
    ``(b) Recommendations To Carry Out Research.--The Secretary shall 
annually request from the National Research Council recommendations of 
measures to effectively carry out all scientific research performed 
under this title, including strengthening of peer review processes and 
grantmaking procedures.
    ``(c) Plan for Coordination.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date 
        of enactment of the Climate Change Energy Policy Response Act, 
        the Secretary shall submit to Congress recommendations for 
        legislative and administrative measures to effectively carry 
        out research and public information programs under this title.
            ``(2) Subjects.--Recommendations under paragraph (1) shall 
        include recommendations to improve peer review processes and 
        grantmaking procedures.
    ``(d) Objectives of Federal Climate Change Science Research.--
            ``(1) In general.--All climate change science research 
        performed under this title--
                    ``(A) in the aggregate, shall adequately address 
                the objectives stated in paragraph (2); and
                    ``(B) individually, shall, to the extent 
                practicable, incorporate a focus on those objectives, 
                as appropriate.
            ``(2) Objectives.--The objectives referred to in paragraph 
        (1) are the objectives of--
                    ``(A) understanding the Earth's capacity to 
                assimilate natural and manmade greenhouse gas 
                emissions;
                    ``(B) evaluating the natural variability of the 
                climate, including such phenomena as El Nino;
                    ``(C)(i) developing, and assessing the capabilities 
                of, climate models; and
                    ``(ii) facilitating future climate assessments and 
                our understanding and predictions of climate through 
                formulation of a national statement of goals and 
                objectives, followed by appropriate development of a 
                national climate modeling strategy that--
                            ``(I) includes the provision of adequate 
                        computational resources to enhance 
                        supercomputing capabilities and the provision 
                        of adequate human resources; and
                            ``(II) is integrated and coordinated across 
                        the relevant agencies;
                    ``(D) ensuring the integrity of all observational 
                data used to validate models;
                    ``(E) stabilizing the existing climate 
                observational capability;
                    ``(F) identifying critical climate variables that 
                are inadequately measured or not measured at all;
                    ``(G) building climate observing requirements into 
                existing, ongoing operational programs;
                    ``(H) revamping climate research programs and 
                appropriate climate-critical parts of operational 
                observing programs so as to produce truly useful long-
                term climate data;
                    ``(I) establishing a funded activity for the 
                development, implementation, and operation of climate-
                specific observational programs;
                    ``(J) assessing the capability and potential of the 
                United States and North American carbon sequestration, 
                including carbon sequestration through crops, forests, 
                soils, oceans, and wetlands; and
                    ``(K) developing and deploying the technology to 
                monitor all relevant national and global data.
    ``(e) Reports.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than October 1 of each year, 
        the Secretary shall submit to Congress and the President a 
        report on the activities carried out under this section.
            ``(2) Contents.--The report under paragraph (1) shall 
        contain any scientific conclusions, interim status reports, and 
        recommendations for subsequent research and testing that the 
        Secretary considers appropriate.
            ``(3) Draft report.--A report under paragraph (1) shall be 
        made available in draft form not later than August 1 of each 
        year to appropriate nongovernmental organizations with 
        applicable scientific expertise for review before final 
        publication.
            ``(4) Public availability.--Each report under paragraph (1) 
        shall be made public, including through the National Resource 
        Center on Climate Change established under section 1612.
    ``(f) Authorization of Appropriations for Certain Climate Change 
Research.--For each of fiscal years 2001 through 2004, there are 
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary such sums as are 
necessary for--
            ``(1) research to assess the ability of natural carbon 
        sinks to adjust to natural variations in climate and greenhouse 
        gas emissions including crops, grassland, forests, soils, and 
        oceans;
            ``(2) research on natural climate variability;
            ``(3) research to develop and assess the capabilities of 
        climate models;
            ``(4) research to ensure the integrity of data used to 
        validate climate models;
            ``(5) research to develop carbon sinks in the United 
        States, primarily crop and forestry research; and
            ``(6) research to develop and deploy monitoring 
        technology.''.
    (b) Technical Amendment.--The table of contents of the Energy 
Policy Act of 1992 (106 Stat. 2776) is amended by striking the item 
relating to section 1604 and inserting the following:

``Sec. 1604. Coordination, prioritization, and evaluation of climate 
                            change science research.''.

          TITLE III--COMPREHENSIVE POLICY REVIEW AND ANALYSIS

SEC. 301. DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL ASSESSMENT OF POLICIES FOR 
              ADDRESSING THE EFFECTS OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS.

    (a) In General.--Title XVI of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (42 
U.S.C. 13381 et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 1604 the 
following:

``SEC. 1604A. ASSESSMENT OF ALTERNATIVE ENERGY-RELATED POLICIES FOR 
              ADDRESSING GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS.

    ``(a) Evaluation and Comprehensive Report.--
            ``(1) Definition of economic indicator.--In this 
        subsection, the term `economic indicator' means--
                    ``(A) the rate of inflation;
                    ``(B) the rate of change in the gross domestic 
                product;
                    ``(C) the unemployment rate;
                    ``(D) interest rates; and
                    ``(E) the price and supply availability of fossil 
                fuels (by category and source).
            ``(2) Reports by secretary.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the 
                date of enactment of the Climate Change Energy Policy 
Response Act and biannually thereafter, the Secretary, after 
consultation with each department referred to in paragraphs (3) through 
(10) and the United States Trade Representative, shall submit to 
Congress and to the President a report containing a critical analysis 
and assessment of energy-related policies for responding to potential 
global climate change (including a comparative assessment of the 
policies).
                    ``(B) Designated policies.--The Secretary shall 
                select at least 3 energy-related policies for 
                assessment under subparagraph (A).
                    ``(C) Short-term and long-term assessments.--The 
                assessments shall be for the short term (within 5 years 
                following the date of the report) and the long term 
                (within 50 years following the date of the report).
            ``(3) Energy supply and demand.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall analyze and 
                assess the energy supply, demand, and price 
                implications for each energy-related policy referred to 
                in paragraph (2)(A).
                    ``(B) Accounting for various scenarios.--Each 
                assessment described in subparagraph (A) shall address 
                any energy implications under various scenarios, 
                including changes in economic indicators.
                    ``(C) Initial draft.--The Energy Information 
                Administration shall--
                            ``(i) prepare the initial draft of each 
                        report required under this paragraph; and
                            ``(ii) make a copy of the initial draft 
                        available to the public.
            ``(4) Agriculture.--
                    ``(A) In general.--After opportunity for 
                consultation with the Department of Agriculture, each 
                report by the Secretary shall analyze and assess the 
                agricultural production cost and market implications of 
                each energy-related policy referred to in paragraph 
                (2)(A), including the overall impact of the policy on 
                rural economies.
                    ``(B) Accounting for various scenarios.--Each 
                assessment described in subparagraph (A) shall address 
                any agricultural implications under various scenarios, 
                changes in economic indicators, and in livestock and 
                commodity prices.
            ``(5) Health.--
                    ``(A) In general.--After opportunity for 
                consultation with the Department of Health and Human 
                Services, each report by the Secretary shall analyze 
                and assess the health implications of each energy-
                related policy referred to in paragraph (2)(A).
                    ``(B) Accounting for various scenarios.--Each 
                assessment described in subparagraph (A) shall address 
                any health implications under various scenarios, 
                including changes in economic indicators.
            ``(6) Labor.--
                    ``(A) In general.--After opportunity for 
                consultation with the Department of Labor, each report 
                by the Secretary shall analyze and assess the 
                implications of each policy referred to in paragraph 
                (2)(A) on--
                            ``(i) workers, including wages, job 
                        opportunities, and the comparative 
                        attractiveness, if any, of locating operations 
                        of United States companies abroad; and
                            ``(ii) consumers, in terms of projected 
                        impacts, if any, on the Consumer Price Index.
                    ``(B) Accounting for various scenarios.--Each 
                assessment described in subparagraph (A) shall account 
                for implications under various scenarios, including 
                changes in economic indicators.
            ``(7) Transportation.--
                    ``(A) In general.--After opportunity for 
                consultation with the Department of Transportation, 
                each report by the Secretary shall analyze and assess 
                the impacts, if any, of each policy described in 
                paragraph (2)(A) on all modes of transportation, and 
                the resulting economic effects of such cost changes on 
                consumers, labor, agricultural enterprises, and 
                businesses (including specifically domestic consumers 
                and businesses that are dependent on transportation).
                    ``(B) Accounting for various scenarios.--Each 
                assessment described in subparagraph (A) shall address 
                any transportation implications under various 
                scenarios, including, in the case of motor vehicles, 
                technological changes in vehicle design and traffic 
                constraint mitigation.
                    ``(C) Considerations.--Each assessment described in 
                subparagraph (A) shall consider such factors as--
                            ``(i) vehicle miles traveled;
                            ``(ii) the availability of adequate and 
                        reliable public transportation within and 
                        between cities, States, and regions;
                            ``(iii) the commercial use of trucks and 
                        other highway motor vehicles for transporting 
                        goods and passengers and delivering services;
                            ``(iv) the geographic size and population 
                        of the United States relative to those of other 
                        developed countries;
                            ``(v) safety;
                            ``(vi) environmental laws;
                            ``(vii) fuel prices;
                            ``(viii) energy conservation; and
                            ``(ix) changes in economic indicators.
            ``(8) Housing and urban planning.--
                    ``(A) In general.--After opportunity for 
                consultation with the Department of Housing and Urban 
                Development, each report by the Secretary shall analyze 
                and assess the implications of each policy described in 
                paragraph (2)(A) on housing costs and urban planning.
                    ``(B) Accounting for various scenarios.--Each 
                assessment described in subparagraph (A) shall address 
                any housing and urban planning implications under 
                various scenarios, including variations in mortgage and 
                construction interest rates and changes in economic 
                indicators.
            ``(9) International commerce.--
                    ``(A) In general.--After opportunity for 
                consultation with the Secretary of Commerce and the 
                United States Trade Representative, each report by the 
                Secretary shall analyze and assess the implications of 
                each policy described in paragraph (2)(A) on United 
                States exports and imports and trade competitiveness.
                    ``(B) Accounting for various scenarios.--Each 
                assessment described in subparagraph (A) shall address 
                any international commerce implications under different 
                scenarios, including changes in economic indicators.
            ``(10) Actions by other nations.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Each report by the Secretary 
                shall analyze and assess the actions taken, or likely 
                to be taken, and the net aggregate effect of such 
                actions, by each United Nations member country to 
                avoid, reduce, or adapt to potential global climate 
                change.
                    ``(B) Consultation.--Each report shall be prepared 
                in accordance with otherwise applicable laws (including 
                regulations) after opportunity for consultation with 
                the Central Intelligence Agency, the National Security 
                Agency, and the Department of State.
                    ``(C) Analysis of political and economic factors.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Each assessment 
                        described in subparagraph (A) shall analyze the 
                        political and economic factors present in each 
                        country that form the basis for the assessment.
                            ``(ii) Matters to be addressed.--Each 
                        assessment shall specifically address--
                                    ``(I) the status of the commitment 
                                of each country to any international 
                                agreements, treaties, or protocols 
                                related to potential global climate 
                                change; and
                                    ``(II) the projected ability of 
                                each country to commit to, and the 
                                likelihood of each country's committing 
                                to, specific quantifiable targets to 
                                reduce, within specified timeframes, 
                                greenhouse gas emissions under a 
                                legally binding international 
                                agreement.
            ``(11) Reporting flexibility.--For biannual reports under 
        this subsection, the Secretary may--
                    ``(A) submit individual reports with respect to 
                each paragraph under this subsection; or
                    ``(B) submit a combination of 1 or more biannual 
                reports, but only if submitting a combination of 
                reports would facilitate public understanding in a 
                timely manner.
    ``(b) Comprehensive Policy Reports.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than 30 months after the date 
        of enactment of the Climate Change Energy Policy Response Act, 
        and biannually thereafter, the President, with the advice and 
        assistance of the Secretary, shall submit to Congress a report 
        analyzing and integrating the combined findings of the reports 
        required under subsection (a).
            ``(2) Contents.--Each report under paragraph (1) shall 
        include recommendations of any changes in law, international 
        agreements, or public policy that the President considers to be 
        in the best interests of the United States.
    ``(c) National Academy of Sciences; National Academy of 
Engineering.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than 30 days after the date of 
        enactment of the Climate Change Energy Policy Response Act, the 
        Secretary shall request that, not later than 2 years after the 
        date of enactment of that Act and biannually thereafter, the 
        National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of 
        Engineering (acting through the National Research Council) 
        submit to Congress and to the Secretary (for inclusion in the 
        review and report under subsection (c)) a report containing a 
        comparative assessment of each policy assessed under subsection 
        (b), including the known scientific effect of each mechanism on 
        global climate change and the effect of each mechanism on the 
        technology development and selection.
            ``(2) Short-term and long-term assessments.--An assessment 
        under paragraph (1) shall be for the short term (the following 
5-year period) and for the long term (the following 50-year period).
    ``(d) Report on Actions Under EPA Jurisdiction.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the date of 
        enactment of the Climate Change Energy Policy Response Act, and 
        biannually thereafter, based on consultations with the 
        Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, the 
        Secretary shall submit to Congress and the President a report 
        describing the energy supply and demand implications of all 
        activities carried out by the Agency that have a coincidental 
        effect on actions by the private sector that affect greenhouse 
        gas emissions.
            ``(2) Public consultation.--In preparing a report under 
        paragraph (1), the Secretary shall consult with--
                    ``(A) persons in the private sector that are 
                regulated by the Administrator; and
                    ``(B) persons in the public sector.
    ``(e) Suspension of Reports.--After a second report is made under 
this section, the Secretary may suspend any reporting requirement under 
subsection (a) for a period of not more than 4 years if the Secretary 
determines that additional responses to that requirement would not be 
likely to provide information that substantially supplements the 
earlier reports.''.
    (b) Technical Amendment.--The table of contents of the Energy 
Policy Act of 1992 (106 Stat. 2776) is amended by inserting after the 
item relating to section 1604 the following:

``Sec. 1604A. Assessment of alternative policies for addressing 
                            greenhouse gas emissions.''.

                     TITLE IV--PUBLIC RIGHT TO KNOW

SEC. 401. ANNUAL REPORT TO PUBLIC.

    (a) In General.--Title XVI of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (42 
U.S.C. 13381 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 1610. ANNUAL REPORT TO PUBLIC.

    ``(a) Report.--The Secretary, at the time the President submits to 
Congress the budget of the United States Government under section 1105 
of title 31, United States Code, shall publish a detailed report that 
includes, to the maximum extent practicable--
            ``(1) a description of all current fiscal year and prior 
        fiscal year Federal spending on climate change, categorized by 
        research, regulation, education, and other activities;
            ``(2) an estimate of the prior year and current amount of 
        any Federal tax credits or other Federal tax deductions claimed 
        by taxpayers directly attributable to emission reduction 
        activities;
            ``(3) a compendium of all proposed Federal spending related 
        to climate change categorized by research, regulation, 
        education, and other activities;
            ``(4) tables detailing all spending recommendations on 
        climate change submitted by Federal agencies to the Office of 
        Management and Budget, compared with the final recommendations 
        of the President;
            ``(5) an alphabetical index of all climate change grantees, 
        cross-referenced by name of institution and persons carrying 
        out the grant project;
            ``(6) an index of all climate change grant proposals not 
        funded by Federal agencies; and
            ``(7) a list of all persons, and their institutional 
        affiliations, participating in peer review of climate change 
        grant proposals submitted to Federal agencies.
    ``(b) Availability of Reports.--A report under subsection (a) shall 
be--
            ``(1) printed on recycled paper;
            ``(2) made available to the public; and
            ``(3) posted on the Internet.

``SEC. 1611. PUBLIC COMMENT.

    ``In the case of any report under this title that is to be 
published, the Secretary shall--
            ``(1) provide to the public notice and opportunity to 
        comment on the contents or quality of the report before it is 
        published; and
            ``(2) receive, catalogue, and make readily available to the 
        public all written public comments on reports covered by this 
        section, except that lengthy compilations of public comments 
        may be published in electronic format only.

``SEC. 1612. NATIONAL RESOURCE CENTER ON CLIMATE CHANGE.

    ``(a) In General.--The Secretary, in consultation with the National 
Academy of Sciences, shall maintain a National Resource Center on 
Climate Change (referred to in this section as the `Center').
    ``(b) Functions.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Center shall preserve and make 
        available to the public all reports, studies, or other 
        information relating to climate change provided for in this 
        title, provided for in the Climate Change Energy Policy 
        Response Act, or otherwise available to the Federal Government.
            ``(2) Reference items.--Except as otherwise provided in 
        this title, reference items may be made available in electronic 
        format only.
    ``(c) Relationship to Other Law.--Nothing in this section alters or 
amends otherwise applicable law restricting public access to 
information, including laws protecting national defense secrets, 
intellectual property rights, and privacy rights.''.
    (b) Technical Amendment.--The table of contents of the Energy 
Policy Act of 1992 (106 Stat. 2776) is amended by inserting after the 
item relating to section 1609 the following:

``Sec. 1610. Annual report to public.
``Sec. 1611. Public comment.
``Sec. 1612. National Resource Center on Climate Change.''.

 TITLE V--ACCELERATED DEVELOPMENT AND DEPLOYMENT OF RESPONSE TECHNOLOGY

SEC. 501. REVIEW OF FEDERALLY FUNDED ENERGY TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH AND 
              DEVELOPMENT.

    (a) In General.--Title XVI of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (42 
U.S.C. 13381 et seq.) (as amended by section 401(a)) is amended by 
adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 1613. REVIEW OF FEDERALLY FUNDED ENERGY TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH AND 
              DEVELOPMENT.

    ``(a) Department of Energy Review of Federally Funded Energy 
Technology Research and Development.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall--
                    ``(A) review annually any federally funded research 
                and development activities carried out on energy 
                technology; and
                    ``(B) issue a public report by October 15 of each 
                year on the results of the review for consideration and 
                use in the preparation of the budget of the United 
                States Government submitted under section 1105 of title 
                31, United States Code, for the following fiscal year.
            ``(2) Assessment of technology readiness.--As part of the 
        review of an energy technology, the Secretary shall--
                    ``(A) assess the status (including the potential 
                commercialization) of the technology and any barriers 
                to the deployment of the energy technology; and
                    ``(B) consider--
                            ``(i) the length of time it will take for 
                        deployment and use of the energy technology so 
                        as to have a meaningful impact on emission 
                        reductions;
                            ``(ii) the cost of deploying the energy 
                        technology;
                            ``(iii) the safety of the energy 
                        technology; and
                            ``(iv) other relevant factors.
    ``(b) Energy Technology Research and Development Clearinghouse.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish, in the 
        National Resource Center on Climate Change established under 
        section 1614 or by such other means as the Secretary considers 
        appropriate, an information clearinghouse to facilitate the 
        transfer and dissemination of the results of federally funded 
        research and development activities being carried out on energy 
        technology.
            ``(2) No effect on restrictions or safeguards.--Paragraph 
        (1) has no effect on any restrictions or safeguards established 
        for national security or the protection of personal property 
        rights (including trade secrets and confidential business 
        information).
    ``(c) Authorization of Appropriations for Joint Federal/Private 
Demonstration Programs.--There are authorized to be appropriated to the 
Secretary for each of fiscal years 2001 through 2004 such sums as are 
necessary for programs for the demonstration of innovative energy 
sequestration technologies described in section 1600(3)(B) to be 
conducted jointly by the Federal Government and private nonprofit or 
for-profit entities.''.
    (b) Technical Amendment.--The table of contents of the Energy 
Policy Act of 1992 (106 Stat. 2776) (as amended by section 401(b)) is 
amended by inserting after the item relating to section 1612 the 
following:

``Sec. 1613. Review of federally funded energy technology research and 
                            development.''.

SEC. 502. STUDY OF REGULATORY BARRIERS TO RAPID DEPLOYMENT OF EMISSION 
              REDUCTION TECHNOLOGY.

    Not later than 270 days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Comptroller General of the United States (in consultation with the 
Secretary of Commerce and the United States Trade Representative) 
shall--
            (1) identify and evaluate regulatory barriers to the more 
        rapid deployment of technology domestically and internationally 
        for greenhouse gas emission reductions (within the meaning of 
        section 1600 of the Energy Policy Act of 1992, as added by 
        section 3);
            (2) recommend to Congress changes in law that would permit 
        more rapid deployment of such technologies; and
            (3) make such other recommendations as the Comptroller 
        General of the United States considers to be appropriate.

  TITLE VI--INTERNATIONAL DEPLOYMENT OF ENERGY TECHNOLOGY TO MITIGATE 
                             CLIMATE CHANGE

SEC. 601. INTERNATIONAL DEPLOYMENT OF ENERGY TECHNOLOGY TO MITIGATE 
              CLIMATE CHANGE.

    Section 1608 of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 13386) is 
amended by striking subsection (l) and inserting the following:
    ``(l) International Deployment of Energy Technology To Mitigate 
Climate Change.--
            ``(1) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                    ``(A) Energy efficiency.--The term `energy 
                efficiency' means the ratio of the design average 
                annual energy output of a unit of an energy production 
                facility (determined without regard to any cogeneration 
                of steam) to the design average annual heat input of 
                the unit (based on the highest heating value of the 
                fuel used by the unit).
                    ``(B) International energy deployment project.--The 
                term `international energy deployment project' means a 
                project to construct a unit of an energy production 
                facility outside the United States--
                            ``(i) the output of which will be consumed 
                        outside the United States; and
                            ``(ii) the deployment of which will result 
                        in greenhouse gas reduction when compared to 
                        the technology that would otherwise be 
                        implemented through an increase in energy 
                        efficiency of--
                                    ``(I) 5 percentage points or more, 
                                in the case of a unit placed in service 
                                before January 1, 2010;
                                    ``(II) 7 percentage points or more, 
                                in the case of a unit placed in service 
                                after December 31, 2009, and before 
                                January 1, 2020; or
                                    ``(III) 10 percentage points or 
                                more, in the case of a unit placed in 
                                service after December 31, 2019, and 
                                before January 1, 2030.
                    ``(C) Qualifying international energy deployment 
                project.--The term `qualifying international energy 
                deployment project' means an international energy 
                deployment that--
                            ``(i) is submitted by a United States firm 
                        to the Secretary in accordance with procedures 
                        established by the Secretary by regulation;
                            ``(ii) uses technology that has been 
                        successfully developed or deployed in the 
                        United States;
                            ``(iii) meets the criteria of subsection 
                        (k);
                            ``(iv) is approved by the Secretary, with 
                        notice of the approval being published in the 
                        Federal Register; and
                            ``(v) complies with such terms and 
                        conditions as the Secretary establishes by 
                        regulation.
                    ``(D) United states.--The term `United States', 
                when used in a geographical sense, means the 50 States, 
                the District of Columbia, and territories and 
                possessions of the United States.
            ``(2) Pilot program for financial assistance.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Not later than 180 days after 
                the date of enactment of the Climate Change Energy 
                Policy Response Act, the Secretary shall by regulation 
                provide for a pilot program for financial assistance 
                for qualifying international energy deployment 
                projects.
                    ``(B) Limitation.--The pilot program shall provide 
                financial assistance, subject to the availability of 
                appropriations, for not more than 6 qualifying 
                international energy deployment projects.
                    ``(C) Selection criteria.--After consultation with 
                the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Commerce, and 
                the United States Trade Representative, the Secretary 
                shall select projects for participation in the program 
                based solely on the criteria under this title and 
                without regard to the country in which the project is 
                located.
                    ``(D) Financial assistance.--
                            ``(i) In general.--A United States firm 
                        that undertakes a qualifying international 
                        energy deployment project selected to 
                        participate in the pilot program shall be 
                        eligible to receive a loan or a loan guarantee 
                        from the Secretary.
                            ``(ii) Timing.--The Secretary may enter 
                        into a commitment to make a loan or loan 
                        guarantee before the United States firm decides 
                        on a binding contract for the construction of a 
                        qualifying international energy deployment 
                        project.
                            ``(iii) Rate of interest.--The rate of 
                        interest of any loan made under clause (i) 
                        shall be equal to the rate for Treasury 
                        obligations then issued for periods of 
                        comparable maturities.
                            ``(iv) Amount.--The amount of a loan or 
                        loan guarantee under clause (i) shall not 
                        exceed 75 percent of the total cost of the 
                        qualified international energy deployment 
                        project.
                    ``(E) Coordination with other programs.--A 
                qualifying international energy deployment project 
                funded under this section shall not be eligible as a 
                qualifying clean coal technology under section 415 of 
                the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7651n).
                    ``(F) Report.--Not later than 4 years after the 
                date of enactment of the Climate Change Energy Policy 
                Response Act, the Secretary shall submit to the 
                President a report on the results of the pilot 
                projects.
                    ``(G) Recommendation.--Not later than 60 days after 
                receiving the report under subparagraph (F), the 
                President shall submit to Congress a recommendation, 
                based on the results of the pilot projects as reported 
                by the Secretary of Energy, concerning whether the 
                financial assistance program under this section should 
                be continued, expanded, reduced, or eliminated.
                    ``(H) Authorization of appropriations.--There are 
                authorized to be appropriated to carry out this 
                subsection such sums as are necessary for fiscal years 
                2001 through 2004.''.

   TITLE VII--OPTIMAL OPERATING EFFICIENCY OF TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS

SEC. 701. TRAFFIC CONGESTION RELIEF RESEARCH.

    Section 502 of title 23, United States Code, is amended by adding 
at the end the following:
    ``(h) Traffic Congestion Relief Research.--
            ``(1) Studies.--
                    ``(A) Regional approaches for reducing traffic 
                congestion.--
                            ``(i) In general.--The Secretary shall 
                        enter into an arrangement with the National 
                        Academy of Sciences to conduct a study, and 
                        prepare a report comparing, the effectiveness 
                        of various regional approaches for reducing 
                        traffic congestion.
                            ``(ii) Required assessments.--At a minimum, 
                        the study shall assess the impact on traffic 
                        congestion of--
                                    ``(I) expansion of highway 
                                capacity;
                                    ``(II) improvement of traffic 
                                operations (including improved incident 
                                management associated with traffic 
                                accidents and vehicle breakdowns); and
                                    ``(III) programs for demand 
                                management.
                    ``(B) Highway design concepts.--
                            ``(i) In general.--The Secretary shall fund 
                        a study analyzing, and preparation of a report 
                        concerning, highway design concepts for 
                        projects to relieve congestion in urban areas 
                        without acquisition of additional rights-of-
                        way.
                            ``(ii) Entity to carry out study.--The 
                        study may be carried out and the report 
                        prepared--
                                    ``(I) by the Department of 
                                Transportation;
                                    ``(II) by another entity, through 
                                an arrangement with the Secretary; or
                                    ``(III) by a combination of the 
                                entities described in subclauses (I) 
                                and (II).
            ``(2) Federal share.--The Federal share of the cost of the 
        studies required under paragraph (1) shall be 100 percent.
            ``(3) Funding.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Notwithstanding any other 
                provision of law, for each of fiscal years 2000 through 
                2002, $1,000,000 of the sum deducted by the Secretary 
                under section 104(a) shall be made available to carry 
                out the studies required under paragraph (1).
                    ``(B) Allocation of funds.--Funds made available 
                under subparagraph (A) shall be allocated among the 2 
                studies at the discretion of the Secretary, except that 
                each study shall be allocated funds sufficient to allow 
                for completion of the study.''.

                   TITLE VIII--VOLUNTARY INITIATIVES

SEC. 801. IMPROVED AND STREAMLINED REPORTING AND CERTIFICATION OF 
              VOLUNTARY MEASURES.

    (a) Revised Guidelines Under Energy Policy Act of 1992.--Section 
1605(b) of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 13385(b)) is 
amended--
            (1) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (4) as 
        paragraphs (3) through (5), respectively; and
            (2) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
            ``(2) Revised guidelines.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the 
                date of enactment of the Climate Change Energy Policy 
                Response Act, the Secretary shall revise the 
                guidelines, after notice and opportunity for public 
                comment, to reflect the amendments to this title made 
                by that Act. Thereafter, the Secretary shall review and 
                revise the guidelines every 5 years, after notice and 
                opportunity for public comment.
                    ``(B) Contents.--The revised guidelines shall--
                            ``(i) provide for a random or other 
                        verification process using the authorities 
                        available to the Secretary under other 
                        provisions of law;
                            ``(ii) include a range of reference cases 
                        for reporting project-based activities in all 
                        appropriate sectors of the economy (including 
                        forestry and electric power generation); and
                            ``(iii) address the issues, such as 
                        comparability, that are associated with 
                        permitting the option of reporting on an entity 
                        basis or on an activity or project basis.
                    ``(C) Retention of voluntary reporting.--Any review 
                under this paragraph shall give appropriate weight to--
                            ``(i) the purpose of encouraging voluntary 
                        emission reductions by the private sector; and
                            ``(ii) the voluntary nature of reporting 
                        under this section.
                    ``(D) Validity of certification.--Except to the 
                extent that an emission reduction certified in a report 
                under this subsection, not later than 1 year after the 
                date of the report, is adjusted under the verification 
                process under subparagraph (B) or review process under 
                subsection (d)(2), the emission reduction shall be 
                valid for purposes of this and any other provision of 
                law if the report meets the guidelines as in effect on 
                the date on which the report is made.''.
    (b) Assurance of Accurate Reporting.--Section 1605(b) of the Energy 
Policy Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 13385(b)) (as amended by subsection (a)) 
is amended by striking paragraph (3) and inserting the following:
            ``(3) Reporting procedures.--
                    ``(A) In general.--In accordance with paragraph 
                (5), the Administrator shall--
                            ``(i) develop forms for voluntary reporting 
                        under the guidelines established under 
                        paragraph (1); and
                            ``(ii) make the forms available to entities 
                        wishing to report such information.
                    ``(B) Certification of reports.--
                            ``(i) In general.--A person reporting under 
                        this subsection shall certify the accuracy of 
                        the information reported.
                            ``(ii) Reports by a corporation.--In the 
                        case of information reported by a corporation, 
                        the report--
                                    ``(I) shall be signed by an officer 
                                of the corporation; and
                                    ``(II) shall be subject to section 
                                1001 of title 18, United States 
                                Code.''.
    (c) Avoidance of Duplicate Reporting.--Section 1605(b) of the 
Energy Policy Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 13385(b)) (as amended by 
subsection (a)) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating paragraphs (4) and (5) as paragraphs 
        (5) and (6), respectively; and
            (2) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following:
            ``(4) Avoidance of duplicate reporting.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The guidelines under this 
                subsection shall ensure against multiple certification 
                of the same emission reductions.
                    ``(B) First to seek certification.--In a case in 
                which--
                            ``(i) more than 1 person is directly 
                        involved in the creation or implementation of 
                        an emission reduction measure;
                            ``(ii) there is no--
                                    ``(I) written contractual 
                                arrangement between the persons that 
                                specifies which person is entitled to 
                                report the emission reduction; or
                                    ``(II) reference case or other 
                                provision of the guidelines that 
                                addresses the question which person is 
                                entitled to report the emission 
                                reduction in the circumstance of the 
                                case; and
                            ``(iii) the Administrator determines that 2 
                        or more of the persons have equally valid 
                        claims to the same emission reduction;
                the first of the persons to certify the emission 
                reduction in a report under this subsection shall be 
                the only person entitled to report the emission 
                reduction.''.
    (d) Simplification of Reporting.--Section 1605(b) of the Energy 
Policy Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 13385(b)) (as amended by subsection (c)) 
is amended by inserting after paragraph (4) the following:
            ``(5) Simplification of reporting.--Not later than 60 days 
        after the date of enactment of the Climate Change Energy Policy 
        Response Act, the Administrator shall by regulation, in 
        consultation with the Secretary of Agriculture and the 
        Administrator of the Small Business Administration, as 
        appropriate, review and revise the reporting forms and 
        procedures to facilitate greater participation by small 
        businesses, farms, and other organizations that did not 
        extensively participate in voluntary emission reductions and 
        reporting under this subsection during the first 6 years after 
        the date of enactment of this Act.''.
    (e) Best Practices for Estimating Emission Reductions.--Section 
1605 of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 13385) is amended by 
adding at the end the following:
    ``(d) Best Practices for Estimating Emission Reductions.--
            ``(1) Establishment by the secretary.--Not later than 180 
        days after the date of enactment of this subsection, after 
        notice and opportunity for public comment, the Secretary, with 
        the assistance of the Administrator, shall establish the most 
        reasonably effective practices for estimating emission 
        reductions under subsection (b).
            ``(2) Review of prior certifications.--Emission reductions 
        certified before the date of enactment of this subsection shall 
        be subject to review by the Secretary and adjustment, in 
        appropriate cases, to account for any change in a practice 
        under this subsection.
            ``(3) Conformity of prior reported emission reductions with 
        best practices.--In any review under this subsection, the 
        Secretary shall obtain the assistance of the Administrator in 
        assessing whether and to what extent any prior reported 
        emission reduction is in conformity with best practices 
        established under paragraph (1).''.

SEC. 802. PUBLIC AWARENESS CAMPAIGN REGARDING BENEFITS OF CERTIFICATION 
              OF VOLUNTARY EMISSION REDUCTIONS.

    Section 1605 of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 13385) (as 
amended by section 801(f)) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
    ``(e) Public Awareness Program.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall create and implement 
        a public awareness program to educate all appropriate persons 
        (especially farmers and small businesses) in all regions of the 
        United States of--
                    ``(A) the direct benefits of engaging in voluntary 
                emission reduction measures and having the emission 
                reductions certified under this section and available 
                for use under other incentive programs; and
                    ``(B) the forms and procedures for having emission 
                reductions certified under this section.
            ``(2) Special agricultural and small business outreach.--
        The Secretary of Agriculture, with respect to farmers, and the 
        Administrator of the Small Business Administration, with 
        respect to small businesses, shall assist the Secretary in 
        creating and implementing the public awareness program under 
        paragraph (1).''.

SEC. 803. STATE AUTHORITY TO ENCOURAGE VOLUNTARY ENERGY INITIATIVES.

    (a) In General.--Title XVI of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 is 
amended by striking section 1606 (106 Stat. 3003) and inserting the 
following:

``SEC. 1606. STATE AUTHORITY TO ENCOURAGE VOLUNTARY ENERGY INITIATIVES.

    ``(a) In General.--Notwithstanding any other provision of Federal 
law regarding the production, transmission, distribution, sale, or use 
of energy or of energy services, a State is not prohibited or 
restricted from continuing to engage in any action, or from 
implementing any State law (including a regulation) in effect on the 
date of enactment of the Climate Change Energy Policy Response Act, if 
the appropriate State authority finds that the action or law is 
appropriate for mitigating the financial risks to producers, 
transmitters, distributors, sellers, buyers, or users of energy or 
energy services that engage in voluntary steps to reduce greenhouse gas 
emissions.
    ``(b) Coordination With Later Enacted Law.--This section shall 
remain in effect notwithstanding any Federal law, including any Federal 
law enacted after the date of enactment of this section, unless the 
later law specifically refers to this section and expressly states that 
this section is superseded.''.
    (b) Technical Amendment.--The table of contents of the Energy 
Policy Act of 1992 (106 Stat. 2776) is amended by striking the item 
relating to section 1606 and inserting the following:

``Sec. 1606. State authority to encourage voluntary energy 
                            initiatives.''.
                                 <all>