[Congressional Bills 106th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 707 Enrolled Bill (ENR)]

        H.R.707

                       One Hundred Sixth Congress

                                 of the

                        United States of America


                          AT THE SECOND SESSION

           Begun and held at the City of Washington on Monday,
             the twenty-fourth day of January, two thousand


                                 An Act


 
To amend the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance 
Act to authorize a program for predisaster mitigation, to streamline the 
   administration of disaster relief, to control the Federal costs of 
              disaster assistance, and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Disaster 
Mitigation Act of 2000''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents of this Act is as 
follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.

                 TITLE I--PREDISASTER HAZARD MITIGATION

Sec. 101. Findings and purpose.
Sec. 102. Predisaster hazard mitigation.
Sec. 103. Interagency task force.
Sec. 104. Mitigation planning; minimum standards for public and private 
          structures.

                TITLE II--STREAMLINING AND COST REDUCTION

Sec. 201. Technical amendments.
Sec. 202. Management costs.
Sec. 203. Public notice, comment, and consultation requirements.
Sec. 204. State administration of hazard mitigation grant program.
Sec. 205. Assistance to repair, restore, reconstruct, or replace damaged 
          facilities.
Sec. 206. Federal assistance to individuals and households.
Sec. 207. Community disaster loans.
Sec. 208. Report on State management of small disasters initiative.
Sec. 209. Study regarding cost reduction.

                        TITLE III--MISCELLANEOUS

Sec. 301. Technical correction of short title.
Sec. 302. Definitions.
Sec. 303. Fire management assistance.
Sec. 304. Disaster grant closeout procedures.
Sec. 305. Public safety officer benefits for certain Federal and State 
          employees.
Sec. 306. Buy American.
Sec. 307. Treatment of certain real property.
Sec. 308. Study of participation by Indian tribes in emergency 
          management.

                 TITLE I--PREDISASTER HAZARD MITIGATION

SEC. 101. FINDINGS AND PURPOSE.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds that--
        (1) natural disasters, including earthquakes, tsunamis, 
    tornadoes, hurricanes, flooding, and wildfires, pose great danger 
    to human life and to property throughout the United States;
        (2) greater emphasis needs to be placed on--
            (A) identifying and assessing the risks to States and local 
        governments (including Indian tribes) from natural disasters;
            (B) implementing adequate measures to reduce losses from 
        natural disasters; and
            (C) ensuring that the critical services and facilities of 
        communities will continue to function after a natural disaster;
        (3) expenditures for postdisaster assistance are increasing 
    without commensurate reductions in the likelihood of future losses 
    from natural disasters;
        (4) in the expenditure of Federal funds under the Robert T. 
    Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 
    5121 et seq.), high priority should be given to mitigation of 
    hazards at the local level; and
        (5) with a unified effort of economic incentives, awareness and 
    education, technical assistance, and demonstrated Federal support, 
    States and local governments (including Indian tribes) will be able 
    to--
            (A) form effective community-based partnerships for hazard 
        mitigation purposes;
            (B) implement effective hazard mitigation measures that 
        reduce the potential damage from natural disasters;
            (C) ensure continued functionality of critical services;
            (D) leverage additional non-Federal resources in meeting 
        natural disaster resistance goals; and
            (E) make commitments to long-term hazard mitigation efforts 
        to be applied to new and existing structures.
    (b) Purpose.--The purpose of this title is to establish a national 
disaster hazard mitigation program--
        (1) to reduce the loss of life and property, human suffering, 
    economic disruption, and disaster assistance costs resulting from 
    natural disasters; and
        (2) to provide a source of predisaster hazard mitigation 
    funding that will assist States and local governments (including 
    Indian tribes) in implementing effective hazard mitigation measures 
    that are designed to ensure the continued functionality of critical 
    services and facilities after a natural disaster.

SEC. 102. PREDISASTER HAZARD MITIGATION.

    (a) In General.--Title II of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief 
and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5131 et seq.) is amended by 
adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 203. PREDISASTER HAZARD MITIGATION.

    ``(a) Definition of Small Impoverished Community.--In this section, 
the term `small impoverished community' means a community of 3,000 or 
fewer individuals that is economically disadvantaged, as determined by 
the State in which the community is located and based on criteria 
established by the President.
    ``(b) Establishment of Program.--The President may establish a 
program to provide technical and financial assistance to States and 
local governments to assist in the implementation of predisaster hazard 
mitigation measures that are cost-effective and are designed to reduce 
injuries, loss of life, and damage and destruction of property, 
including damage to critical services and facilities under the 
jurisdiction of the States or local governments.
    ``(c) Approval by President.--If the President determines that a 
State or local government has identified natural disaster hazards in 
areas under its jurisdiction and has demonstrated the ability to form 
effective public-private natural disaster hazard mitigation 
partnerships, the President, using amounts in the National Predisaster 
Mitigation Fund established under subsection (i) (referred to in this 
section as the `Fund'), may provide technical and financial assistance 
to the State or local government to be used in accordance with 
subsection (e).
    ``(d) State Recommendations.--
        ``(1) In general.--
            ``(A) Recommendations.--The Governor of each State may 
        recommend to the President not fewer than five local 
        governments to receive assistance under this section.
            ``(B) Deadline for submission.--The recommendations under 
        subparagraph (A) shall be submitted to the President not later 
        than October 1, 2001, and each October 1st thereafter or such 
        later date in the year as the President may establish.
            ``(C) Criteria.--In making recommendations under 
        subparagraph (A), a Governor shall consider the criteria 
        specified in subsection (g).
        ``(2) Use.--
            ``(A) In general.--Except as provided in subparagraph (B), 
        in providing assistance to local governments under this 
        section, the President shall select from local governments 
        recommended by the Governors under this subsection.
            ``(B) Extraordinary circumstances.--In providing assistance 
        to local governments under this section, the President may 
        select a local government that has not been recommended by a 
        Governor under this subsection if the President determines that 
        extraordinary circumstances justify the selection and that 
        making the selection will further the purpose of this section.
        ``(3) Effect of failure to nominate.--If a Governor of a State 
    fails to submit recommendations under this subsection in a timely 
    manner, the President may select, subject to the criteria specified 
    in subsection (g), any local governments of the State to receive 
    assistance under this section.
    ``(e) Uses of Technical and Financial Assistance.--
        ``(1) In general.--Technical and financial assistance provided 
    under this section--
            ``(A) shall be used by States and local governments 
        principally to implement predisaster hazard mitigation measures 
        that are cost-effective and are described in proposals approved 
        by the President under this section; and
            ``(B) may be used--
                ``(i) to support effective public-private natural 
            disaster hazard mitigation partnerships;
                ``(ii) to improve the assessment of a community's 
            vulnerability to natural hazards; or
                ``(iii) to establish hazard mitigation priorities, and 
            an appropriate hazard mitigation plan, for a community.
        ``(2) Dissemination.--A State or local government may use not 
    more than 10 percent of the financial assistance received by the 
    State or local government under this section for a fiscal year to 
    fund activities to disseminate information regarding cost-effective 
    mitigation technologies.
    ``(f) Allocation of Funds.--The amount of financial assistance made 
available to a State (including amounts made available to local 
governments of the State) under this section for a fiscal year--
        ``(1) shall be not less than the lesser of--
            ``(A) $500,000; or
            ``(B) the amount that is equal to 1.0 percent of the total 
        funds appropriated to carry out this section for the fiscal 
        year;
        ``(2) shall not exceed 15 percent of the total funds described 
    in paragraph (1)(B); and
        ``(3) shall be subject to the criteria specified in subsection 
    (g).
    ``(g) Criteria for Assistance Awards.--In determining whether to 
provide technical and financial assistance to a State or local 
government under this section, the President shall take into account--
        ``(1) the extent and nature of the hazards to be mitigated;
        ``(2) the degree of commitment of the State or local government 
    to reduce damages from future natural disasters;
        ``(3) the degree of commitment by the State or local government 
    to support ongoing non-Federal support for the hazard mitigation 
    measures to be carried out using the technical and financial 
    assistance;
        ``(4) the extent to which the hazard mitigation measures to be 
    carried out using the technical and financial assistance contribute 
    to the mitigation goals and priorities established by the State;
        ``(5) the extent to which the technical and financial 
    assistance is consistent with other assistance provided under this 
    Act;
        ``(6) the extent to which prioritized, cost-effective 
    mitigation activities that produce meaningful and definable 
    outcomes are clearly identified;
        ``(7) if the State or local government has submitted a 
    mitigation plan under section 322, the extent to which the 
    activities identified under paragraph (6) are consistent with the 
    mitigation plan;
        ``(8) the opportunity to fund activities that maximize net 
    benefits to society;
        ``(9) the extent to which assistance will fund mitigation 
    activities in small impoverished communities; and
        ``(10) such other criteria as the President establishes in 
    consultation with State and local governments.
    ``(h) Federal Share.--
        ``(1) In general.--Financial assistance provided under this 
    section may contribute up to 75 percent of the total cost of 
    mitigation activities approved by the President.
        ``(2) Small impoverished communities.--Notwithstanding 
    paragraph (1), the President may contribute up to 90 percent of the 
    total cost of a mitigation activity carried out in a small 
    impoverished community.
    ``(i) National Predisaster Mitigation Fund.--
        ``(1) Establishment.--The President may establish in the 
    Treasury of the United States a fund to be known as the `National 
    Predisaster Mitigation Fund', to be used in carrying out this 
    section.
        ``(2) Transfers to fund.--There shall be deposited in the 
    Fund--
            ``(A) amounts appropriated to carry out this section, which 
        shall remain available until expended; and
            ``(B) sums available from gifts, bequests, or donations of 
        services or property received by the President for the purpose 
        of predisaster hazard mitigation.
        ``(3) Expenditures from fund.--Upon request by the President, 
    the Secretary of the Treasury shall transfer from the Fund to the 
    President such amounts as the President determines are necessary to 
    provide technical and financial assistance under this section.
        ``(4) Investment of amounts.--
            ``(A) In general.--The Secretary of the Treasury shall 
        invest such portion of the Fund as is not, in the judgment of 
        the Secretary of the Treasury, required to meet current 
        withdrawals. Investments may be made only in interest-bearing 
        obligations of the United States.
            ``(B) Acquisition of obligations.--For the purpose of 
        investments under subparagraph (A), obligations may be 
        acquired--
                ``(i) on original issue at the issue price; or
                ``(ii) by purchase of outstanding obligations at the 
            market price.
            ``(C) Sale of obligations.--Any obligation acquired by the 
        Fund may be sold by the Secretary of the Treasury at the market 
        price.
            ``(D) Credits to fund.--The interest on, and the proceeds 
        from the sale or redemption of, any obligations held in the 
        Fund shall be credited to and form a part of the Fund.
            ``(E) Transfers of amounts.--
                ``(i) In general.--The amounts required to be 
            transferred to the Fund under this subsection shall be 
            transferred at least monthly from the general fund of the 
            Treasury to the Fund on the basis of estimates made by the 
            Secretary of the Treasury.
                ``(ii) Adjustments.--Proper adjustment shall be made in 
            amounts subsequently transferred to the extent prior 
            estimates were in excess of or less than the amounts 
            required to be transferred.
    ``(j) Limitation on Total Amount of Financial Assistance.--The 
President shall not provide financial assistance under this section in 
an amount greater than the amount available in the Fund.
    ``(k) Multihazard Advisory Maps.--
        ``(1) Definition of multihazard advisory map.--In this 
    subsection, the term `multihazard advisory map' means a map on 
    which hazard data concerning each type of natural disaster is 
    identified simultaneously for the purpose of showing areas of 
    hazard overlap.
        ``(2) Development of maps.--In consultation with States, local 
    governments, and appropriate Federal agencies, the President shall 
    develop multihazard advisory maps for areas, in not fewer than five 
    States, that are subject to commonly recurring natural hazards 
    (including flooding, hurricanes and severe winds, and seismic 
    events).
        ``(3) Use of technology.--In developing multihazard advisory 
    maps under this subsection, the President shall use, to the maximum 
    extent practicable, the most cost-effective and efficient 
    technology available.
        ``(4) Use of maps.--
            ``(A) Advisory nature.--The multihazard advisory maps shall 
        be considered to be advisory and shall not require the 
        development of any new policy by, or impose any new policy on, 
        any government or private entity.
            ``(B) Availability of maps.--The multihazard advisory maps 
        shall be made available to the appropriate State and local 
        governments for the purposes of--
                ``(i) informing the general public about the risks of 
            natural hazards in the areas described in paragraph (2);
                ``(ii) supporting the activities described in 
            subsection (e); and
                ``(iii) other public uses.
    ``(l) Report on Federal and State Administration.--Not later than 
18 months after the date of the enactment of this section, the 
President, in consultation with State and local governments, shall 
submit to Congress a report evaluating efforts to implement this 
section and recommending a process for transferring greater authority 
and responsibility for administering the assistance program established 
under this section to capable States.
    ``(m) Termination of Authority.--The authority provided by this 
section terminates December 31, 2003.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--Title II of the Robert T. Stafford 
Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5131 et seq.) 
is amended by striking the title heading and inserting the following:

     ``TITLE II--DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND MITIGATION ASSISTANCE''.

SEC. 103. INTERAGENCY TASK FORCE.

    Title II of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency 
Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5131 et seq.) (as amended by section 102(a)) 
is amended by adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 204. INTERAGENCY TASK FORCE.

    ``(a) In General.--The President shall establish a Federal 
interagency task force for the purpose of coordinating the 
implementation of predisaster hazard mitigation programs administered 
by the Federal Government.
    ``(b) Chairperson.--The Director of the Federal Emergency 
Management Agency shall serve as the chairperson of the task force.
    ``(c) Membership.--The membership of the task force shall include 
representatives of--
        ``(1) relevant Federal agencies;
        ``(2) State and local government organizations (including 
    Indian tribes); and
        ``(3) the American Red Cross.''.

SEC. 104. MITIGATION PLANNING; MINIMUM STANDARDS FOR PUBLIC AND PRIVATE 
              STRUCTURES.

    (a) In General.--Title III of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster 
Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5141 et seq.) is amended 
by adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 322. MITIGATION PLANNING.

    ``(a) Requirement of Mitigation Plan.--As a condition of receipt of 
an increased Federal share for hazard mitigation measures under 
subsection (e), a State, local, or tribal government shall develop and 
submit for approval to the President a mitigation plan that outlines 
processes for identifying the natural hazards, risks, and 
vulnerabilities of the area under the jurisdiction of the government.
    ``(b) Local and Tribal Plans.--Each mitigation plan developed by a 
local or tribal government shall--
        ``(1) describe actions to mitigate hazards, risks, and 
    vulnerabilities identified under the plan; and
        ``(2) establish a strategy to implement those actions.
    ``(c) State Plans.--The State process of development of a 
mitigation plan under this section shall--
        ``(1) identify the natural hazards, risks, and vulnerabilities 
    of areas in the State;
        ``(2) support development of local mitigation plans;
        ``(3) provide for technical assistance to local and tribal 
    governments for mitigation planning; and
        ``(4) identify and prioritize mitigation actions that the State 
    will support, as resources become available.
    ``(d) Funding.--
        ``(1) In general.--Federal contributions under section 404 may 
    be used to fund the development and updating of mitigation plans 
    under this section.
        ``(2) Maximum federal contribution.--With respect to any 
    mitigation plan, a State, local, or tribal government may use an 
    amount of Federal contributions under section 404 not to exceed 7 
    percent of the amount of such contributions available to the 
    government as of a date determined by the government.
    ``(e) Increased Federal Share for Hazard Mitigation Measures.--
        ``(1) In general.--If, at the time of the declaration of a 
    major disaster, a State has in effect an approved mitigation plan 
    under this section, the President may increase to 20 percent, with 
    respect to the major disaster, the maximum percentage specified in 
    the last sentence of section 404(a).
        ``(2) Factors for consideration.--In determining whether to 
    increase the maximum percentage under paragraph (1), the President 
    shall consider whether the State has established--
            ``(A) eligibility criteria for property acquisition and 
        other types of mitigation measures;
            ``(B) requirements for cost effectiveness that are related 
        to the eligibility criteria;
            ``(C) a system of priorities that is related to the 
        eligibility criteria; and
            ``(D) a process by which an assessment of the effectiveness 
        of a mitigation action may be carried out after the mitigation 
        action is complete.

``SEC. 323. MINIMUM STANDARDS FOR PUBLIC AND PRIVATE STRUCTURES.

    ``(a) In General.--As a condition of receipt of a disaster loan or 
grant under this Act--
        ``(1) the recipient shall carry out any repair or construction 
    to be financed with the loan or grant in accordance with applicable 
    standards of safety, decency, and sanitation and in conformity with 
    applicable codes, specifications, and standards; and
        ``(2) the President may require safe land use and construction 
    practices, after adequate consultation with appropriate State and 
    local government officials.
    ``(b) Evidence of Compliance.--A recipient of a disaster loan or 
grant under this Act shall provide such evidence of compliance with 
this section as the President may require by regulation.''.
    (b) Losses From Straight Line Winds.--The President shall increase 
the maximum percentage specified in the last sentence of section 404(a) 
of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act 
(42 U.S.C. 5170c(a)) from 15 percent to 20 percent with respect to any 
major disaster that is in the State of Minnesota and for which 
assistance is being provided as of the date of the enactment of this 
Act, except that additional assistance provided under this subsection 
shall not exceed $6,000,000. The mitigation measures assisted under 
this subsection shall be related to losses in the State of Minnesota 
from straight line winds.
    (c) Conforming Amendments.--
        (1) Section 404(a) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief 
    and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170c(a)) is amended--
            (A) in the second sentence, by striking ``section 409'' and 
        inserting ``section 322''; and
            (B) in the third sentence, by striking ``The total'' and 
        inserting ``Subject to section 322, the total''.
        (2) Section 409 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and 
    Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5176) is repealed.

               TITLE II--STREAMLINING AND COST REDUCTION

SEC. 201. TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS.

    Section 311 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency 
Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5154) is amended in subsections (a)(1), (b), 
and (c) by striking ``section 803 of the Public Works and Economic 
Development Act of 1965'' each place it appears and inserting ``section 
209(c)(2) of the Public Works and Economic Development Act of 1965 (42 
U.S.C. 3149(c)(2))''.

SEC. 202. MANAGEMENT COSTS.

    (a) In General.--Title III of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster 
Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5141 et seq.) (as 
amended by section 104(a)) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:

``SEC. 324. MANAGEMENT COSTS.

    ``(a) Definition of Management Cost.--In this section, the term 
`management cost' includes any indirect cost, any administrative 
expense, and any other expense not directly chargeable to a specific 
project under a major disaster, emergency, or disaster preparedness or 
mitigation activity or measure.
    ``(b) Establishment of Management Cost Rates.--Notwithstanding any 
other provision of law (including any administrative rule or guidance), 
the President shall by regulation establish management cost rates, for 
grantees and subgrantees, that shall be used to determine contributions 
under this Act for management costs.
    ``(c) Review.--The President shall review the management cost rates 
established under subsection (b) not later than 3 years after the date 
of establishment of the rates and periodically thereafter.''.
    (b) Applicability.--
        (1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), subsections (a) and 
    (b) of section 324 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and 
    Emergency Assistance Act (as added by subsection (a)) shall apply 
    to major disasters declared under that Act on or after the date of 
    the enactment of this Act.
        (2) Interim authority.--Until the date on which the President 
    establishes the management cost rates under section 324 of the 
    Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (as 
    added by subsection (a)), section 406(f) of the Robert T. Stafford 
    Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5172(f)) 
    (as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of this 
    Act) shall be used to establish management cost rates.

SEC. 203. PUBLIC NOTICE, COMMENT, AND CONSULTATION REQUIREMENTS.

    Title III of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency 
Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5141 et seq.) (as amended by section 202(a)) 
is amended by adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 325. PUBLIC NOTICE, COMMENT, AND CONSULTATION REQUIREMENTS.

    ``(a) Public Notice and Comment Concerning New or Modified 
Policies.--
        ``(1) In general.--The President shall provide for public 
    notice and opportunity for comment before adopting any new or 
    modified policy that--
            ``(A) governs implementation of the public assistance 
        program administered by the Federal Emergency Management Agency 
        under this Act; and
            ``(B) could result in a significant reduction of assistance 
        under the program.
        ``(2) Application.--Any policy adopted under paragraph (1) 
    shall apply only to a major disaster or emergency declared on or 
    after the date on which the policy is adopted.
    ``(b) Consultation Concerning Interim Policies.--
        ``(1) In general.--Before adopting any interim policy under the 
    public assistance program to address specific conditions that 
    relate to a major disaster or emergency that has been declared 
    under this Act, the President, to the maximum extent practicable, 
    shall solicit the views and recommendations of grantees and 
    subgrantees with respect to the major disaster or emergency 
    concerning the potential interim policy, if the interim policy is 
    likely--
            ``(A) to result in a significant reduction of assistance to 
        applicants for the assistance with respect to the major 
        disaster or emergency; or
            ``(B) to change the terms of a written agreement to which 
        the Federal Government is a party concerning the declaration of 
        the major disaster or emergency.
        ``(2) No legal right of action.--Nothing in this subsection 
    confers a legal right of action on any party.
    ``(c) Public Access.--The President shall promote public access to 
policies governing the implementation of the public assistance 
program.''.

SEC. 204. STATE ADMINISTRATION OF HAZARD MITIGATION GRANT PROGRAM.

    Section 404 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency 
Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170c) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
    ``(c) Program Administration by States.--
        ``(1) In general.--A State desiring to administer the hazard 
    mitigation grant program established by this section with respect 
    to hazard mitigation assistance in the State may submit to the 
    President an application for the delegation of the authority to 
    administer the program.
        ``(2) Criteria.--The President, in consultation and 
    coordination with States and local governments, shall establish 
    criteria for the approval of applications submitted under paragraph 
    (1). The criteria shall include, at a minimum--
            ``(A) the demonstrated ability of the State to manage the 
        grant program under this section;
            ``(B) there being in effect an approved mitigation plan 
        under section 322; and
            ``(C) a demonstrated commitment to mitigation activities.
        ``(3) Approval.--The President shall approve an application 
    submitted under paragraph (1) that meets the criteria established 
    under paragraph (2).
        ``(4) Withdrawal of approval.--If, after approving an 
    application of a State submitted under paragraph (1), the President 
    determines that the State is not administering the hazard 
    mitigation grant program established by this section in a manner 
    satisfactory to the President, the President shall withdraw the 
    approval.
        ``(5) Audits.--The President shall provide for periodic audits 
    of the hazard mitigation grant programs administered by States 
    under this subsection.''.

SEC. 205. ASSISTANCE TO REPAIR, RESTORE, RECONSTRUCT, OR REPLACE 
              DAMAGED FACILITIES.

    (a) Contributions.--Section 406 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster 
Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5172) is amended by 
striking subsection (a) and inserting the following:
    ``(a) Contributions.--
        ``(1) In general.--The President may make contributions--
            ``(A) to a State or local government for the repair, 
        restoration, reconstruction, or replacement of a public 
        facility damaged or destroyed by a major disaster and for 
        associated expenses incurred by the government; and
            ``(B) subject to paragraph (3), to a person that owns or 
        operates a private nonprofit facility damaged or destroyed by a 
        major disaster for the repair, restoration, reconstruction, or 
        replacement of the facility and for associated expenses 
        incurred by the person.
        ``(2) Associated expenses.--For the purposes of this section, 
    associated expenses shall include--
            ``(A) the costs of mobilizing and employing the National 
        Guard for performance of eligible work;
            ``(B) the costs of using prison labor to perform eligible 
        work, including wages actually paid, transportation to a 
        worksite, and extraordinary costs of guards, food, and lodging; 
        and
            ``(C) base and overtime wages for the employees and extra 
        hires of a State, local government, or person described in 
        paragraph (1) that perform eligible work, plus fringe benefits 
        on such wages to the extent that such benefits were being paid 
        before the major disaster.
        ``(3) Conditions for assistance to private nonprofit 
    facilities.--
            ``(A) In general.--The President may make contributions to 
        a private nonprofit facility under paragraph (1)(B) only if--
                ``(i) the facility provides critical services (as 
            defined by the President) in the event of a major disaster; 
            or
                ``(ii) the owner or operator of the facility--

                    ``(I) has applied for a disaster loan under section 
                7(b) of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 636(b)); and
                    ``(II)(aa) has been determined to be ineligible for 
                such a loan; or
                    ``(bb) has obtained such a loan in the maximum 
                amount for which the Small Business Administration 
                determines the facility is eligible.

            ``(B) Definition of critical services.--In this paragraph, 
        the term `critical services' includes power, water (including 
        water provided by an irrigation organization or facility), 
        sewer, wastewater treatment, communications, and emergency 
        medical care.
        ``(4) Notification to congress.--Before making any contribution 
    under this section in an amount greater than $20,000,000, the 
    President shall notify--
            ``(A) the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the 
        Senate;
            ``(B) the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of 
        the House of Representatives;
            ``(C) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and
            ``(D) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of 
        Representatives.''.
    (b) Federal Share.--Section 406 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster 
Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5172) is amended by 
striking subsection (b) and inserting the following:
    ``(b) Federal Share.--
        ``(1) Minimum federal share.--Except as provided in paragraph 
    (2), the Federal share of assistance under this section shall be 
    not less than 75 percent of the eligible cost of repair, 
    restoration, reconstruction, or replacement carried out under this 
    section.
        ``(2) Reduced federal share.--The President shall promulgate 
    regulations to reduce the Federal share of assistance under this 
    section to not less than 25 percent in the case of the repair, 
    restoration, reconstruction, or replacement of any eligible public 
    facility or private nonprofit facility following an event 
    associated with a major disaster--
            ``(A) that has been damaged, on more than one occasion 
        within the preceding 10-year period, by the same type of event; 
        and
            ``(B) the owner of which has failed to implement 
        appropriate mitigation measures to address the hazard that 
        caused the damage to the facility.''.
    (c) Large In-Lieu Contributions.--Section 406 of the Robert T. 
Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5172) 
is amended by striking subsection (c) and inserting the following:
    ``(c) Large In-Lieu Contributions.--
        ``(1) For public facilities.--
            ``(A) In general.--In any case in which a State or local 
        government determines that the public welfare would not best be 
        served by repairing, restoring, reconstructing, or replacing 
        any public facility owned or controlled by the State or local 
        government, the State or local government may elect to receive, 
        in lieu of a contribution under subsection (a)(1)(A), a 
        contribution in an amount equal to 75 percent of the Federal 
        share of the Federal estimate of the cost of repairing, 
        restoring, reconstructing, or replacing the facility and of 
        management expenses.
            ``(B) Areas with unstable soil.--In any case in which a 
        State or local government determines that the public welfare 
        would not best be served by repairing, restoring, 
        reconstructing, or replacing any public facility owned or 
        controlled by the State or local government because soil 
        instability in the disaster area makes repair, restoration, 
        reconstruction, or replacement infeasible, the State or local 
        government may elect to receive, in lieu of a contribution 
        under subsection (a)(1)(A), a contribution in an amount equal 
        to 90 percent of the Federal share of the Federal estimate of 
        the cost of repairing, restoring, reconstructing, or replacing 
        the facility and of management expenses.
            ``(C) Use of funds.--Funds contributed to a State or local 
        government under this paragraph may be used--
                ``(i) to repair, restore, or expand other selected 
            public facilities;
                ``(ii) to construct new facilities; or
                ``(iii) to fund hazard mitigation measures that the 
            State or local government determines to be necessary to 
            meet a need for governmental services and functions in the 
            area affected by the major disaster.
            ``(D) Limitations.--Funds made available to a State or 
        local government under this paragraph may not be used for--
                ``(i) any public facility located in a regulatory 
            floodway (as defined in section 59.1 of title 44, Code of 
            Federal Regulations (or a successor regulation)); or
                ``(ii) any uninsured public facility located in a 
            special flood hazard area identified by the Director of the 
            Federal Emergency Management Agency under the National 
            Flood Insurance Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 4001 et seq.).
        ``(2) For private nonprofit facilities.--
            ``(A) In general.--In any case in which a person that owns 
        or operates a private nonprofit facility determines that the 
        public welfare would not best be served by repairing, 
        restoring, reconstructing, or replacing the facility, the 
        person may elect to receive, in lieu of a contribution under 
        subsection (a)(1)(B), a contribution in an amount equal to 75 
        percent of the Federal share of the Federal estimate of the 
        cost of repairing, restoring, reconstructing, or replacing the 
        facility and of management expenses.
            ``(B) Use of funds.--Funds contributed to a person under 
        this paragraph may be used--
                ``(i) to repair, restore, or expand other selected 
            private nonprofit facilities owned or operated by the 
            person;
                ``(ii) to construct new private nonprofit facilities to 
            be owned or operated by the person; or
                ``(iii) to fund hazard mitigation measures that the 
            person determines to be necessary to meet a need for the 
            person's services and functions in the area affected by the 
            major disaster.
            ``(C) Limitations.--Funds made available to a person under 
        this paragraph may not be used for--
                ``(i) any private nonprofit facility located in a 
            regulatory floodway (as defined in section 59.1 of title 
            44, Code of Federal Regulations (or a successor 
            regulation)); or
                ``(ii) any uninsured private nonprofit facility located 
            in a special flood hazard area identified by the Director 
            of the Federal Emergency Management Agency under the 
            National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 4001 et 
            seq.).''.
    (d) Eligible Cost.--
        (1) In general.--Section 406 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster 
    Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5172) is amended by 
    striking subsection (e) and inserting the following:
    ``(e) Eligible Cost.--
        ``(1) Determination.--
            ``(A) In general.--For the purposes of this section, the 
        President shall estimate the eligible cost of repairing, 
        restoring, reconstructing, or replacing a public facility or 
        private nonprofit facility--
                ``(i) on the basis of the design of the facility as the 
            facility existed immediately before the major disaster; and
                ``(ii) in conformity with codes, specifications, and 
            standards (including floodplain management and hazard 
            mitigation criteria required by the President or under the 
            Coastal Barrier Resources Act (16 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.)) 
            applicable at the time at which the disaster occurred.
            ``(B) Cost estimation procedures.--
                ``(i) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), the 
            President shall use the cost estimation procedures 
            established under paragraph (3) to determine the eligible 
            cost under this subsection.
                ``(ii) Applicability.--The procedures specified in this 
            paragraph and paragraph (2) shall apply only to projects 
            the eligible cost of which is equal to or greater than the 
            amount specified in section 422.
        ``(2) Modification of eligible cost.--
            ``(A) Actual cost greater than ceiling percentage of 
        estimated cost.--In any case in which the actual cost of 
        repairing, restoring, reconstructing, or replacing a facility 
        under this section is greater than the ceiling percentage 
        established under paragraph (3) of the cost estimated under 
        paragraph (1), the President may determine that the eligible 
        cost includes a portion of the actual cost of the repair, 
        restoration, reconstruction, or replacement that exceeds the 
        cost estimated under paragraph (1).
            ``(B) Actual cost less than estimated cost.--
                ``(i) Greater than or equal to floor percentage of 
            estimated cost.--In any case in which the actual cost of 
            repairing, restoring, reconstructing, or replacing a 
            facility under this section is less than 100 percent of the 
            cost estimated under paragraph (1), but is greater than or 
            equal to the floor percentage established under paragraph 
            (3) of the cost estimated under paragraph (1), the State or 
            local government or person receiving funds under this 
            section shall use the excess funds to carry out cost-
            effective activities that reduce the risk of future damage, 
            hardship, or suffering from a major disaster.
                ``(ii) Less than floor percentage of estimated cost.--
            In any case in which the actual cost of repairing, 
            restoring, reconstructing, or replacing a facility under 
            this section is less than the floor percentage established 
            under paragraph (3) of the cost estimated under paragraph 
            (1), the State or local government or person receiving 
            assistance under this section shall reimburse the President 
            in the amount of the difference.
            ``(C) No effect on appeals process.--Nothing in this 
        paragraph affects any right of appeal under section 423.
        ``(3) Expert panel.--
            ``(A) Establishment.--Not later than 18 months after the 
        date of the enactment of this paragraph, the President, acting 
        through the Director of the Federal Emergency Management 
        Agency, shall establish an expert panel, which shall include 
        representatives from the construction industry and State and 
        local government.
            ``(B) Duties.--The expert panel shall develop 
        recommendations concerning--
                ``(i) procedures for estimating the cost of repairing, 
            restoring, reconstructing, or replacing a facility 
            consistent with industry practices; and
                ``(ii) the ceiling and floor percentages referred to in 
            paragraph (2).
            ``(C) Regulations.--Taking into account the recommendations 
        of the expert panel under subparagraph (B), the President shall 
        promulgate regulations that establish--
                ``(i) cost estimation procedures described in 
            subparagraph (B)(i); and
                ``(ii) the ceiling and floor percentages referred to in 
            paragraph (2).
            ``(D) Review by president.--Not later than 2 years after 
        the date of promulgation of regulations under subparagraph (C) 
        and periodically thereafter, the President shall review the 
        cost estimation procedures and the ceiling and floor 
        percentages established under this paragraph.
            ``(E) Report to congress.--Not later than 1 year after the 
        date of promulgation of regulations under subparagraph (C), 3 
        years after that date, and at the end of each 2-year period 
        thereafter, the expert panel shall submit to Congress a report 
        on the appropriateness of the cost estimation procedures.
        ``(4) Special rule.--In any case in which the facility being 
    repaired, restored, reconstructed, or replaced under this section 
    was under construction on the date of the major disaster, the cost 
    of repairing, restoring, reconstructing, or replacing the facility 
    shall include, for the purposes of this section, only those costs 
    that, under the contract for the construction, are the owner's 
    responsibility and not the contractor's responsibility.''.
        (2) Effective date.--The amendment made by paragraph (1) takes 
    effect on the date of the enactment of this Act and applies to 
    funds appropriated after the date of the enactment of this Act, 
    except that paragraph (1) of section 406(e) of the Robert T. 
    Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (as amended 
    by paragraph (1)) takes effect on the date on which the cost 
    estimation procedures established under paragraph (3) of that 
    section take effect.
    (e) Conforming Amendment.--Section 406 of the Robert T. Stafford 
Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5172) is 
amended by striking subsection (f).

SEC. 206. FEDERAL ASSISTANCE TO INDIVIDUALS AND HOUSEHOLDS.

    (a) In General.--Section 408 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster 
Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5174) is amended to read 
as follows:

``SEC. 408. FEDERAL ASSISTANCE TO INDIVIDUALS AND HOUSEHOLDS.

    ``(a) In General.--
        ``(1) Provision of assistance.--In accordance with this 
    section, the President, in consultation with the Governor of a 
    State, may provide financial assistance, and, if necessary, direct 
    services, to individuals and households in the State who, as a 
    direct result of a major disaster, have necessary expenses and 
    serious needs in cases in which the individuals and households are 
    unable to meet such expenses or needs through other means.
        ``(2) Relationship to other assistance.--Under paragraph (1), 
    an individual or household shall not be denied assistance under 
    paragraph (1), (3), or (4) of subsection (c) solely on the basis 
    that the individual or household has not applied for or received 
    any loan or other financial assistance from the Small Business 
    Administration or any other Federal agency.
    ``(b) Housing Assistance.--
        ``(1) Eligibility.--The President may provide financial or 
    other assistance under this section to individuals and households 
    to respond to the disaster-related housing needs of individuals and 
    households who are displaced from their predisaster primary 
    residences or whose predisaster primary residences are rendered 
    uninhabitable as a result of damage caused by a major disaster.
        ``(2) Determination of appropriate types of assistance.--
            ``(A) In general.--The President shall determine 
        appropriate types of housing assistance to be provided under 
        this section to individuals and households described in 
        subsection (a)(1) based on considerations of cost 
        effectiveness, convenience to the individuals and households, 
        and such other factors as the President may consider 
        appropriate.
            ``(B) Multiple types of assistance.--One or more types of 
        housing assistance may be made available under this section, 
        based on the suitability and availability of the types of 
        assistance, to meet the needs of individuals and households in 
        the particular disaster situation.
    ``(c) Types of Housing Assistance.--
        ``(1) Temporary housing.--
            ``(A) Financial assistance.--
                ``(i) In general.--The President may provide financial 
            assistance to individuals or households to rent alternate 
            housing accommodations, existing rental units, manufactured 
            housing, recreational vehicles, or other readily fabricated 
            dwellings.
                ``(ii) Amount.--The amount of assistance under clause 
            (i) shall be based on the fair market rent for the 
            accommodation provided plus the cost of any transportation, 
            utility hookups, or unit installation not provided directly 
            by the President.
            ``(B) Direct assistance.--
                ``(i) In general.--The President may provide temporary 
            housing units, acquired by purchase or lease, directly to 
            individuals or households who, because of a lack of 
            available housing resources, would be unable to make use of 
            the assistance provided under subparagraph (A).
                ``(ii) Period of assistance.--The President may not 
            provide direct assistance under clause (i) with respect to 
            a major disaster after the end of the 18-month period 
            beginning on the date of the declaration of the major 
            disaster by the President, except that the President may 
            extend that period if the President determines that due to 
            extraordinary circumstances an extension would be in the 
            public interest.
                ``(iii) Collection of rental charges.--After the end of 
            the 18-month period referred to in clause (ii), the 
            President may charge fair market rent for each temporary 
            housing unit provided.
        ``(2) Repairs.--
            ``(A) In general.--The President may provide financial 
        assistance for--
                ``(i) the repair of owner-occupied private residences, 
            utilities, and residential infrastructure (such as a 
            private access route) damaged by a major disaster to a safe 
            and sanitary living or functioning condition; and
                ``(ii) eligible hazard mitigation measures that reduce 
            the likelihood of future damage to such residences, 
            utilities, or infrastructure.
            ``(B) Relationship to other assistance.--A recipient of 
        assistance provided under this paragraph shall not be required 
        to show that the assistance can be met through other means, 
        except insurance proceeds.
            ``(C) Maximum amount of assistance.--The amount of 
        assistance provided to a household under this paragraph shall 
        not exceed $5,000, as adjusted annually to reflect changes in 
        the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers published by 
        the Department of Labor.
        ``(3) Replacement.--
            ``(A) In general.--The President may provide financial 
        assistance for the replacement of owner-occupied private 
        residences damaged by a major disaster.
            ``(B) Maximum amount of assistance.--The amount of 
        assistance provided to a household under this paragraph shall 
        not exceed $10,000, as adjusted annually to reflect changes in 
        the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers published by 
        the Department of Labor.
            ``(C) Applicability of flood insurance requirement.--With 
        respect to assistance provided under this paragraph, the 
        President may not waive any provision of Federal law requiring 
        the purchase of flood insurance as a condition of the receipt 
        of Federal disaster assistance.
        ``(4) Permanent housing construction.--The President may 
    provide financial assistance or direct assistance to individuals or 
    households to construct permanent housing in insular areas outside 
    the continental United States and in other remote locations in 
    cases in which--
            ``(A) no alternative housing resources are available; and
            ``(B) the types of temporary housing assistance described 
        in paragraph (1) are unavailable, infeasible, or not cost-
        effective.
    ``(d) Terms and Conditions Relating to Housing Assistance.--
        ``(1) Sites.--
            ``(A) In general.--Any readily fabricated dwelling provided 
        under this section shall, whenever practicable, be located on a 
        site that--
                ``(i) is complete with utilities; and
                ``(ii) is provided by the State or local government, by 
            the owner of the site, or by the occupant who was displaced 
            by the major disaster.
            ``(B) Sites provided by the president.--A readily 
        fabricated dwelling may be located on a site provided by the 
        President if the President determines that such a site would be 
        more economical or accessible.
        ``(2) Disposal of units.--
            ``(A) Sale to occupants.--
                ``(i) In general.--Notwithstanding any other provision 
            of law, a temporary housing unit purchased under this 
            section by the President for the purpose of housing 
            disaster victims may be sold directly to the individual or 
            household who is occupying the unit if the individual or 
            household lacks permanent housing.
                ``(ii) Sale price.--A sale of a temporary housing unit 
            under clause (i) shall be at a price that is fair and 
            equitable.
                ``(iii) Deposit of proceeds.--Notwithstanding any other 
            provision of law, the proceeds of a sale under clause (i) 
            shall be deposited in the appropriate Disaster Relief Fund 
            account.
                ``(iv) Hazard and flood insurance.--A sale of a 
            temporary housing unit under clause (i) shall be made on 
            the condition that the individual or household purchasing 
            the housing unit agrees to obtain and maintain hazard and 
            flood insurance on the housing unit.
                ``(v) Use of gsa services.--The President may use the 
            services of the General Services Administration to 
            accomplish a sale under clause (i).
            ``(B) Other methods of disposal.--If not disposed of under 
        subparagraph (A), a temporary housing unit purchased under this 
        section by the President for the purpose of housing disaster 
        victims--
                ``(i) may be sold to any person; or
                ``(ii) may be sold, transferred, donated, or otherwise 
            made available directly to a State or other governmental 
            entity or to a voluntary organization for the sole purpose 
            of providing temporary housing to disaster victims in major 
            disasters and emergencies if, as a condition of the sale, 
            transfer, or donation, the State, other governmental 
            agency, or voluntary organization agrees--

                    ``(I) to comply with the nondiscrimination 
                provisions of section 308; and
                    ``(II) to obtain and maintain hazard and flood 
                insurance on the housing unit.

    ``(e) Financial Assistance To Address Other Needs.--
        ``(1) Medical, dental, and funeral expenses.--The President, in 
    consultation with the Governor of a State, may provide financial 
    assistance under this section to an individual or household in the 
    State who is adversely affected by a major disaster to meet 
    disaster-related medical, dental, and funeral expenses.
        ``(2) Personal property, transportation, and other expenses.--
    The President, in consultation with the Governor of a State, may 
    provide financial assistance under this section to an individual or 
    household described in paragraph (1) to address personal property, 
    transportation, and other necessary expenses or serious needs 
    resulting from the major disaster.
    ``(f) State Role.--
        ``(1) Financial assistance to address other needs.--
            ``(A) Grant to state.--Subject to subsection (g), a 
        Governor may request a grant from the President to provide 
        financial assistance to individuals and households in the State 
        under subsection (e).
            ``(B) Administrative costs.--A State that receives a grant 
        under subparagraph (A) may expend not more than 5 percent of 
        the amount of the grant for the administrative costs of 
        providing financial assistance to individuals and households in 
        the State under subsection (e).
        ``(2) Access to records.--In providing assistance to 
    individuals and households under this section, the President shall 
    provide for the substantial and ongoing involvement of the States 
    in which the individuals and households are located, including by 
    providing to the States access to the electronic records of 
    individuals and households receiving assistance under this section 
    in order for the States to make available any additional State and 
    local assistance to the individuals and households.
    ``(g) Cost Sharing.--
        ``(1) Federal share.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), the 
    Federal share of the costs eligible to be paid using assistance 
    provided under this section shall be 100 percent.
        ``(2) Financial assistance to address other needs.--In the case 
    of financial assistance provided under subsection (e)--
            ``(A) the Federal share shall be 75 percent; and
            ``(B) the non-Federal share shall be paid from funds made 
        available by the State.
    ``(h) Maximum Amount of Assistance.--
        ``(1) In general.--No individual or household shall receive 
    financial assistance greater than $25,000 under this section with 
    respect to a single major disaster.
        ``(2) Adjustment of limit.--The limit established under 
    paragraph (1) shall be adjusted annually to reflect changes in the 
    Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers published by the 
    Department of Labor.
    ``(i) Rules and Regulations.--The President shall prescribe rules 
and regulations to carry out this section, including criteria, 
standards, and procedures for determining eligibility for 
assistance.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--Section 502(a)(6) of the Robert T. 
Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 
5192(a)(6)) is amended by striking ``temporary housing''.
    (c) Elimination of Individual and Family Grant Programs.--Section 
411 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance 
Act (42 U.S.C. 5178) is repealed.
    (d) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section take 
effect 18 months after the date of the enactment of this Act.

SEC. 207. COMMUNITY DISASTER LOANS.

    Section 417 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency 
Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5184) is amended--
        (1) by striking ``(a) The President'' and inserting the 
    following:
    ``(a) In General.--The President'';
        (2) by striking ``The amount'' and inserting the following:
    ``(b) Amount.--The amount'';
        (3) by striking ``Repayment'' and inserting the following:
    ``(c) Repayment.--
        ``(1) Cancellation.--Repayment'';
        (4) by striking ``(b) Any loans'' and inserting the following:
    ``(d) Effect on Other Assistance.--Any loans'';
        (5) in subsection (b) (as designated by paragraph (2))--
            (A) by striking ``and shall'' and inserting ``shall''; and
            (B) by inserting before the period at the end the 
        following: ``, and shall not exceed $5,000,000''; and
        (6) in subsection (c) (as designated by paragraph (3)), by 
    adding at the end the following:
        ``(2) Condition on continuing eligibility.--A local government 
    shall not be eligible for further assistance under this section 
    during any period in which the local government is in arrears with 
    respect to a required repayment of a loan under this section.''.

SEC. 208. REPORT ON STATE MANAGEMENT OF SMALL DISASTERS INITIATIVE.

    Not later than 3 years after the date of the enactment of this Act, 
the President shall submit to Congress a report describing the results 
of the State Management of Small Disasters Initiative, including--
        (1) identification of any administrative or financial benefits 
    of the initiative; and
        (2) recommendations concerning the conditions, if any, under 
    which States should be allowed the option to administer parts of 
    the assistance program under section 406 of the Robert T. Stafford 
    Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5172).

SEC. 209. STUDY REGARDING COST REDUCTION.

    Not later than 3 years after the date of the enactment of this Act, 
the Director of the Congressional Budget Office shall complete a study 
estimating the reduction in Federal disaster assistance that has 
resulted and is likely to result from the enactment of this Act.

                        TITLE III--MISCELLANEOUS

SEC. 301. TECHNICAL CORRECTION OF SHORT TITLE.

    The first section of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and 
Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5121 note) is amended to read as 
follows:

``SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    ``This Act may be cited as the `Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief 
and Emergency Assistance Act'.''.

SEC. 302. DEFINITIONS.

    Section 102 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency 
Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5122) is amended--
        (1) in each of paragraphs (3) and (4), by striking ``the 
    Northern'' and all that follows through ``Pacific Islands'' and 
    inserting ``and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands'';
        (2) by striking paragraph (6) and inserting the following:
        ``(6) Local government.--The term `local government' means--
            ``(A) a county, municipality, city, town, township, local 
        public authority, school district, special district, intrastate 
        district, council of governments (regardless of whether the 
        council of governments is incorporated as a nonprofit 
        corporation under State law), regional or interstate government 
        entity, or agency or instrumentality of a local government;
            ``(B) an Indian tribe or authorized tribal organization, or 
        Alaska Native village or organization; and
            ``(C) a rural community, unincorporated town or village, or 
        other public entity, for which an application for assistance is 
        made by a State or political subdivision of a State.''; and
        (3) in paragraph (9), by inserting ``irrigation,'' after 
    ``utility,''.

SEC. 303. FIRE MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE.

    (a) In General.--Section 420 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster 
Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5187) is amended to read 
as follows:

``SEC. 420. FIRE MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE.

    ``(a) In General.--The President is authorized to provide 
assistance, including grants, equipment, supplies, and personnel, to 
any State or local government for the mitigation, management, and 
control of any fire on public or private forest land or grassland that 
threatens such destruction as would constitute a major disaster.
    ``(b) Coordination With State and Tribal Departments of Forestry.--
In providing assistance under this section, the President shall 
coordinate with State and tribal departments of forestry.
    ``(c) Essential Assistance.--In providing assistance under this 
section, the President may use the authority provided under section 
403.
    ``(d) Rules and Regulations.--The President shall prescribe such 
rules and regulations as are necessary to carry out this section.''.
    (b) Effective Date.--The amendment made by subsection (a) takes 
effect 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act.

SEC. 304. DISASTER GRANT CLOSEOUT PROCEDURES.

    Title VII of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency 
Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5101 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end 
the following:

``SEC. 705. DISASTER GRANT CLOSEOUT PROCEDURES.

    ``(a) Statute of Limitations.--
        ``(1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), no 
    administrative action to recover any payment made to a State or 
    local government for disaster or emergency assistance under this 
    Act shall be initiated in any forum after the date that is 3 years 
    after the date of transmission of the final expenditure report for 
    the disaster or emergency.
        ``(2) Fraud exception.--The limitation under paragraph (1) 
    shall apply unless there is evidence of civil or criminal fraud.
    ``(b) Rebuttal of Presumption of Record Maintenance.--
        ``(1) In general.--In any dispute arising under this section 
    after the date that is 3 years after the date of transmission of 
    the final expenditure report for the disaster or emergency, there 
    shall be a presumption that accounting records were maintained that 
    adequately identify the source and application of funds provided 
    for financially assisted activities.
        ``(2) Affirmative evidence.--The presumption described in 
    paragraph (1) may be rebutted only on production of affirmative 
    evidence that the State or local government did not maintain 
    documentation described in that paragraph.
        ``(3) Inability to produce documentation.--The inability of the 
    Federal, State, or local government to produce source documentation 
    supporting expenditure reports later than 3 years after the date of 
    transmission of the final expenditure report shall not constitute 
    evidence to rebut the presumption described in paragraph (1).
        ``(4) Right of access.--The period during which the Federal, 
    State, or local government has the right to access source 
    documentation shall not be limited to the required 3-year retention 
    period referred to in paragraph (3), but shall last as long as the 
    records are maintained.
    ``(c) Binding Nature of Grant Requirements.--A State or local 
government shall not be liable for reimbursement or any other penalty 
for any payment made under this Act if--
        ``(1) the payment was authorized by an approved agreement 
    specifying the costs;
        ``(2) the costs were reasonable; and
        ``(3) the purpose of the grant was accomplished.''.

SEC. 305. PUBLIC SAFETY OFFICER BENEFITS FOR CERTAIN FEDERAL AND STATE 
              EMPLOYEES.

    (a) In General.--Section 1204 of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe 
Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3796b) is amended by striking paragraph 
(7) and inserting the following:
        ``(7) `public safety officer' means--
            ``(A) an individual serving a public agency in an official 
        capacity, with or without compensation, as a law enforcement 
        officer, as a firefighter, or as a member of a rescue squad or 
        ambulance crew;
            ``(B) an employee of the Federal Emergency Management 
        Agency who is performing official duties of the Agency in an 
        area, if those official duties--
                ``(i) are related to a major disaster or emergency that 
            has been, or is later, declared to exist with respect to 
            the area under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and 
            Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.); and
                ``(ii) are determined by the Director of the Federal 
            Emergency Management Agency to be hazardous duties; or
            ``(C) an employee of a State, local, or tribal emergency 
        management or civil defense agency who is performing official 
        duties in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management 
        Agency in an area, if those official duties--
                ``(i) are related to a major disaster or emergency that 
            has been, or is later, declared to exist with respect to 
            the area under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and 
            Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.); and
                ``(ii) are determined by the head of the agency to be 
            hazardous duties.''.
    (b) Effective Date.--The amendment made by subsection (a) applies 
only to employees described in subparagraphs (B) and (C) of section 
1204(7) of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (as 
amended by subsection (a)) who are injured or who die in the line of 
duty on or after the date of the enactment of this Act.

SEC. 306. BUY AMERICAN.

    (a) Compliance With Buy American Act.--No funds authorized to be 
appropriated under this Act or any amendment made by this Act may be 
expended by an entity unless the entity, in expending the funds, 
complies with the Buy American Act (41 U.S.C. 10a et seq.).
    (b) Debarment of Persons Convicted of Fraudulent Use of ``Made in 
America'' Labels.--
        (1) In general.--If the Director of the Federal Emergency 
    Management Agency determines that a person has been convicted of 
    intentionally affixing a label bearing a ``Made in America'' 
    inscription to any product sold in or shipped to the United States 
    that is not made in America, the Director shall determine, not 
    later than 90 days after determining that the person has been so 
    convicted, whether the person should be debarred from contracting 
    under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency 
    Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.).
        (2) Definition of debar.--In this subsection, the term 
    ``debar'' has the meaning given the term in section 2393(c) of 
    title 10, United States Code.

SEC. 307. TREATMENT OF CERTAIN REAL PROPERTY.

    (a) In General.--Notwithstanding the National Flood Insurance Act 
of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 4001 et seq.), the Flood Disaster Protection Act of 
1973 (42 U.S.C. 4002 et seq.), or any other provision of law, or any 
flood risk zone identified, delineated, or established under any such 
law (by flood insurance rate map or otherwise), the real property 
described in subsection (b) shall not be considered to be, or to have 
been, located in any area having special flood hazards (including any 
floodway or floodplain).
    (b) Real Property.--The real property described in this subsection 
is all land and improvements on the land located in the Maple Terrace 
Subdivisions in the City of Sycamore, DeKalb County, Illinois, 
including--
        (1) Maple Terrace Phase I;
        (2) Maple Terrace Phase II;
        (3) Maple Terrace Phase III Unit 1;
        (4) Maple Terrace Phase III Unit 2;
        (5) Maple Terrace Phase III Unit 3;
        (6) Maple Terrace Phase IV Unit 1;
        (7) Maple Terrace Phase IV Unit 2; and
        (8) Maple Terrace Phase IV Unit 3.
    (c) Revision of Flood Insurance Rate Lot Maps.--As soon as 
practicable after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Director 
of the Federal Emergency Management Agency shall revise the appropriate 
flood insurance rate lot maps of the agency to reflect the treatment 
under subsection (a) of the real property described in subsection (b).

SEC. 308. STUDY OF PARTICIPATION BY INDIAN TRIBES IN EMERGENCY 
              MANAGEMENT.

    (a) Definition of Indian Tribe.--In this section, the term ``Indian 
tribe'' has the meaning given the term in section 4 of the Indian Self-
Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 450b).
    (b) Study.--
        (1) In general.--The Director of the Federal Emergency 
    Management Agency shall conduct a study of participation by Indian 
    tribes in emergency management.
        (2) Required elements.--The study shall--
            (A) survey participation by Indian tribes in training, 
        predisaster and postdisaster mitigation, disaster preparedness, 
        and disaster recovery programs at the Federal and State levels; 
        and
            (B) review and assess the capacity of Indian tribes to 
        participate in cost-shared emergency management programs and to 
        participate in the management of the programs.
        (3) Consultation.--In conducting the study, the Director shall 
    consult with Indian tribes.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment 
of this Act, the Director shall submit a report on the study under 
subsection (b) to--
        (1) the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the 
    Senate;
        (2) the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the 
    House of Representatives;
        (3) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and
        (4) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of 
    Representatives.

                               Speaker of the House of Representatives.

                            Vice President of the United States and    
                                               President of the Senate.