[Congressional Bills 106th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 4695 Introduced in House (IH)]







106th CONGRESS
  2d Session
                                H. R. 4695

 To enhance the ability of law enforcement to combat money laundering.


_______________________________________________________________________


                    IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                             June 20, 2000

 Mr. McCollum (for himself and Mrs. Roukema) introduced the following 
  bill; which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary, and in 
addition to the Committees on Banking and Financial Services, and Ways 
 and Means, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, 
 in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the 
                jurisdiction of the committee concerned

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
 To enhance the ability of law enforcement to combat money laundering.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Money Laundering Act of 2000''.

SEC. 2. TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    The table of contents for this Act is as follows:

Sec. 1. Short title.
Sec. 2. Table of contents.
Sec. 3. Illegal money transmitting businesses.
Sec. 4. Long-arm jurisdiction over foreign money launderers.
Sec. 5. Laundering money through a foreign bank.
Sec. 6. Specified unlawful activity for money laundering.
Sec. 7. Criminal forfeiture for money laundering conspiracies.
Sec. 8. Subpoenas for bank records.
Sec. 9. Charging money laundering as a course of conduct.
Sec. 10. Venue in money laundering cases.
Sec. 11. Technical amendment to restore wiretap authority for certain 
                            money laundering offenses.
Sec. 12. Knowledge that the property is the proceeds of a felony.
Sec. 13. Money purchased on the black market.
Sec. 14. Money laundering transaction; commingled accounts.
Sec. 15. Discovery procedure for locating laundered money.
Sec. 16. Repatriation of property placed beyond the jurisdiction of the 
                            court.
Sec. 17. Laundering the proceeds of terrorism.
Sec. 18. Bulk cash smuggling.
Sec. 19. Currency couriers.
Sec. 20. Violations of section 60501.
Sec. 21. Proceeds of foreign crimes.
Sec. 22. Authorization to share recovered property with cooperating 
                            foreign governments.
Sec. 23. In personam judgments.
Sec. 24. Criminal forfeiture of property in Government custody.
Sec. 25. Restraint of property subject to criminal forfeiture.
Sec. 26. Including agencies of tribal governments in the definition of 
                            a financial institution.
Sec. 27. Transfer of reporting requirements from section 60501 of the 
                            Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to title 31, 
                            United States Code.
Sec. 28. Penalties for violations of geographic targeting orders and 
                            certain record keeping requirements.
Sec. 29. Inadmissibility of aliens involved in money laundering.
Sec. 30. Miscellaneous minor amendments.
Sec. 31. Collection or criminal forfeiture judgment.
Sec. 32. Nonabatement of forfeiture when defendant dies pending appeal.

SEC. 3. ILLEGAL MONEY TRANSMITTING BUSINESSES.

    (a) Scienter Requirement for Section 1960 Violation.--Section 1960 
of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
    ``(c) For the purposes of proving a violation of this section 
involving an illegal money transmitting business as defined in 
subsection (b)(1)(A), it shall be sufficient for the Government to 
prove that the defendant knew that the money transmitting business 
lacked a license required by State law, failed to comply with the money 
transmitting business registration requirements of section 5330 of 
title 31, United States Code or the regulations thereunder, or both. It 
shall not be necessary to show that the defendant knew that the 
operation of such a business without the required license or 
registration was an offense punishable as a felony or misdemeanor.''.
    (b) Seizure of Illegally Transmitted Funds.--Section 981(a)(1)(A) 
of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking ``or 1957'' and 
inserting ``, 1957 or 1960''.

SEC. 4. LONG-ARM JURISDICTION OVER FOREIGN MONEY LAUNDERERS.

    Section 1956(b) of title 18, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by inserting ``(1)'' after ``(b)'';
            (2) by redesignating paragraphs (1) and (2) as 
        subparagraphs (A) and (B) respectively;
            (3) by inserting ``, or section 1957'' after ``or (a)(3)''; 
        and
            (4) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) For purposes of adjudicating an action filed or 
        enforcing a penalty ordered under this section, the district 
        courts shall have jurisdiction over any foreign person, 
        including any financial institution authorized under the laws 
        of a foreign country, that commits an offense under subsection 
        (a) involving a financial transaction that occurs in whole or 
        in part in the United States, if service of process upon such 
        foreign person is made under the Federal Rules of Civil 
        Procedure or the laws of the country where the foreign person 
        is found.
            ``(3) The court may issue a pretrial restraining order or 
        take any other action necessary to ensure that any bank account 
        or other property held by the defendant in the United States is 
        available to satisfy a judgment under this section.''.

SEC. 5. LAUNDERING MONEY THROUGH A FOREIGN BANK.

    Section 1956(c)(6) of title 18, United States Code, is amended to 
read as follows:
            ``(6) the term `financial institution' includes any 
        financial institution described in section 5312(a)(2) of title 
        31, United States Code, or the regulations promulgated 
        thereunder, as well as any foreign bank, as defined in 
        paragraph (7) of section 1(b) of the International Banking Act 
        of 1978 (12 U.S.C. 3101(7)).''.

SEC. 6. SPECIFIED UNLAWFUL ACTIVITY FOR MONEY LAUNDERING.

    (a) In General.--Section 1956(c)(7) of title 18, United States 
Code, is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (B)--
                    (A) so that clause (ii) reads as follows:
                            ``(ii) any act or acts constituting a crime 
                        of violence;''; and
                    (B) by inserting after the clause (iii) the 
                following:
                            ``(iv) bribery of a public official, or the 
                        misappropriation, theft, or embezzlement of 
                        public funds by or for the benefit of a public 
                        official;
                            ``(v) smuggling or export control 
                        violations involving munitions listed in the 
                        United States Munitions List or technologies 
                        with military applications as defined in the 
                        Commerce Control List of the Export 
                        Administration Regulations; or
                            ``(vi) an offense with respect to which the 
                        United States would be obligated by a 
                        multilateral treaty either to extradite 
the alleged offender or to submit the case for prosecution, if the 
offender were found within the territory of the United States.'';
            (2) in subparagraph (D)--
                    (A) by inserting ``section 541 (relating to goods 
                falsely classified),'' before ``section 542'';
                    (B) by inserting ``section 922(1) (relating to the 
                unlawful importation of firearms), section 924(m) 
                (relating to firearms trafficking),'' before ``section 
                956'';
                    (C) by inserting ``section 1030 (relating to 
                computer fraud and abuse),'' before ``1032'';
                    (D) by inserting ``any felony violation of the 
                Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as amended,'' 
                before ``or any felony violation of the Foreign Corrupt 
                Practices Act''; and
                    (E) by striking ``fraud in the sale of securities'' 
                and inserting ``fraud in the purchase or sale of 
                securities''.
            (3) in paragraph (E), by inserting ``the Clean Air Act (42 
        U.S.C. 7401 et seq.), the Lacey Act (16 U.S.C. 3371-78,'' after 
        ``the Safe Drinking Water Act (42 U.S.C. 300f et seq.),''.
    (b) Burglary and Embezzlement.--Section 1961(1)(A) of title 18, 
United States Code, is amended by inserting ``burglary, embezzlement'' 
after ``robbery,''.

SEC. 7. CRIMINAL FORFEITURE FOR MONEY LAUNDERING CONSPIRACIES.

    Section 982(a)(1) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by 
inserting ``, or a conspiracy to commit any such offense'' after ``of 
this title''.

SEC. 8. SUBPOENAS FOR BANK RECORDS.

    Section 986 of title 18, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) by striking ``section 1956, 1957, or 1960 of 
                this title, section 5322 or 5324 of title 31, United 
                States Code'' and inserting ``section 981 or 982 of 
                this title'';
                    (B) by inserting ``before or'' before ``after'';
                    (C) by striking ``in rem''; and
                    (D) by striking the last sentence; and
            (2) in subsection (c), by inserting ``or the Federal Rules 
        of Criminal Procedure'' after ``Procedure''.

SEC. 9. CHARGING MONEY LAUNDERING AS A COURSE OF CONDUCT.

    Section 1956(h) of title 18, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by inserting ``(1)'' before ``Any person''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) Any person who commits multiple violations of this 
        section or section 1957 that are part of the same scheme or 
        continuing course of conduct may be charged, at the election of 
        the Government, in a single count in an indictment or 
        information.''.

SEC. 10. VENUE IN MONEY LAUNDERING CASES.

    Section 1956 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding 
at the end the following:
    ``(i) Venue.--(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), a 
prosecution for an offense under this section or section 1957 may be 
brought in--
            ``(A) any district in which the financial or monetary 
        transaction is conducted, or
            ``(B) any district where a prosecution for the underlying 
        specified unlawful activity could be brought, if the defendant 
        participated in the transfer of the proceeds of the specified 
        unlawful activity from that district to the district where the 
        financial or monetary transaction is conducted.
    ``(2) A prosecution for an attempt or conspiracy offense under this 
section or section 1957 may be brought in the district where venue 
would lie for the completed offense under paragraph (1), or in any 
other district where an act in furtherance of the attempt or conspiracy 
took place.''.

SEC. 11. TECHNICAL AMENDMENT TO RESTORE WIRETAP AUTHORITY FOR CERTAIN 
              MONEY LAUNDERING OFFENSES.

    Section 2516(1)(g) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by 
striking ``a violation of section 5322 of title 31, United States Code 
(dealing with the reporting of currency transactions)'' and inserting 
``a violation of section 5322 or 5324 of title 31, United States Code 
(dealing with the reporting and illegal structuring of currency 
transactions)''.

SEC. 12. KNOWLEDGE THAT THE PROPERTY IS THE PROCEEDS OF A FELONY.

    Section 1956(c)(1) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by 
inserting ``, and regardless of whether or not the person knew that the 
activity constituted a felony'' before the semicolon at the end.

SEC. 13. MONEY PURCHASED ON THE BLACK MARKET.

    (a) In General.--Section 981(a) of title 18, United States Code is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) A person asserting an innocent owner defense under 
        section 983(d) to the forfeiture of currency, monetary 
        instruments or funds purchased or received from a money broker 
        must be a bona fide purchaser for value without reason to know 
        that the currency, monetary instruments or funds were subject 
        to forfeiture, and must establish that such person took all 
        reasonable affirmative steps to determine the source of the 
        currency, monetary instruments or funds, or to verify that the 
        currency, monetary instruments or funds were not derived from 
        illegal activity.
            ``(4) For purposes of paragraph (3)--
                    ``(A) the term `money broker' means any person who 
                sells or exchanges currency, monetary instruments or 
                funds, either in the United States or in a foreign 
                country, either independently, or through any parallel 
                market, black market, casa de cambio, or other currency 
                exchange business;
                    ``(B) a person receives money from a money broker 
                if the person provides goods or services to a customer 
and receives payment for such goods or services from a money broker or 
a person acting on behalf of a money broker; and
                    ``(C) what constitutes `all reasonable affirmative 
                steps' depends on the facts and circumstances 
                surrounding the transaction, but if the money broker is 
                a financial institution, as defined in section 20 of 
                this title, the purchaser takes `all reasonable 
                affirmative steps' if the purchaser conducts the 
                transaction at the financial institution during normal 
                business hours in an arms-length transaction and has no 
                reason to know that the currency, monetary instruments, 
                or funds were derived from or used to commit any 
                unlawful activity.''.
    (b) Application.--The amendments made by this section shall apply 
to any case pending on the effective date of this Act.

SEC. 14. MONEY LAUNDERING TRANSACTION; COMMINGLED ACCOUNTS.

    (a) Section 1956.--Section 1956 of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(j) A transaction, transportation, transmission, or transfer of 
funds shall be considered for the purposes of this section to be one 
involving the proceeds of specified unlawful activity, or property 
represented to be the proceeds of specified unlawful activity, if the 
transaction, transportation, transmission, or transfer involves--
            ``(1) funds directly traceable to the specified unlawful 
        activity, or represented to be directly traceable to the 
        specified unlawful activity;
            ``(2) a bank account in which the proceeds of specified 
        unlawful activity, or property represented to be the proceeds 
        of specified unlawful activity, have been commingled with other 
        funds; or
            ``(3) 2 or more bank accounts, where the proceeds of 
        specified unlawful activity, or property represented to be the 
        proceeds of specified unlawful activity, are deposited into 1 
        bank account and there is a contemporaneous, related withdrawal 
        from, or debit to, another bank account controlled by the same 
        person, or by a person acting in concert with that person.''.
    (b) Section 1957.--Section 1957(f) of title 18, United States Code, 
is amended by inserting after paragraph (3) the following:
            ``(4) the term `monetary transaction in criminally derived 
        property that is of a value greater than $10,000' includes--
                    ``(A) monetary transaction involving the transfer, 
                withdrawal, encumbrance or other disposition of more 
                than $10,000 from a bank account in which more than 
                $10,000 in proceeds of specified unlawful activity have 
                been commingled with other funds;
                    ``(B) a series of monetary transactions in amounts 
                under $10,000 that exceed $10,000 in the aggregate and 
                that are closely related to each other in terms of 
                time, the identity of the parties involved, the nature 
                of the transactions and the manner in which they are 
                conducted; and
                    ``(C) any financial transaction described in 
                section 1956(j)(3) that involves more than $10,000 in 
                proceeds of specified unlawful activity.''.
    (c) Technical Amendments.--
            (1) Section 1956(c)(7)(F) of title 18, United States Code, 
        is amended by inserting ``, as defined in section 24'' before 
        the period.
            (2) Section 1957 of title 18, United States Code, is 
        amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a), by striking ``engages or 
                attempts to engage in'' and inserting ``conducts or 
                attempts to conduct'', and
                    (B) in subsection (f), by inserting the following 
                after paragraph (3):
            ``(4) the term `conducts' has the same meaning as it does 
        for purposes of section 1956 of this title.''

SEC. 15. DISCOVERY PROCEDURE FOR LOCATING LAUNDERED MONEY.

    Section 413(m) of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 853(m)) 
is amended by inserting before the period at the end the following: 
``to the extent that the provisions of the Rule are consistent with the 
purposes for which discovery is conducted under this subsection. 
Because this subsection applies only to matters occurring after the 
defendant has been convicted and the property of the defendant has been 
declared forfeited, the provisions of Rule 15 requiring the consent of 
the defendant and the presence of the defendant at the deposition shall 
not apply''.

SEC. 16. REPATRIATION OF PROPERTY PLACED BEYOND THE JURISDICTION OF THE 
              COURT.

    (a) Criminal Forfeiture.--Section 413(p) of the Controlled 
Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 853(p)) is amended by adding at the end the 
following: ``In the case of property described in paragraph (3), the 
court may, in addition, order the defendant to return the property to 
the jurisdiction of the court so that it may be seized and 
forfeited.''.
    (b) Pre-Trial Restraining Order.--Section 413(e) of the Controlled 
Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 853(e)) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
            ``(4) Pursuant to its authority to enter a pre-trial 
        restraining order under this section, including its authority 
        to restrain any property forfeitable as substitute assets, the 
        court may also order the defendant to repatriate any property 
        subject to forfeiture pending trial, and to deposit that 
        property in the registry of the court, or with the United 
        States Marshals Service or the Secretary of the Treasury, in an 
        interest-bearing account. Failure to comply with an order under 
        this subsection, or an order to repatriate property under 
        subsection (p), shall be punishable as a civil or criminal 
        contempt of court, and may also result in an enhancement of the 
        sentence for the offense giving rise to the forfeiture under 
        the obstruction of justice provision of section 3C1.1 of the 
        Federal Sentencing Guidelines.''.

SEC. 17. LAUNDERING THE PROCEEDS OF TERRORISM.

    Section 1956(c)(7)(D) of title 18, United States Code, is amended 
by inserting ``or 2339B'' after ``2339A''.

SEC. 18. BULK CASH SMUGGLING.

    (a) Enactment of Bulk Cash Smuggling Offense.--Chapter 53 of title 
31, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 5331. Bulk cash smuggling
    ``(a) Criminal Offense.--Whoever, with the intent to evade a 
currency reporting requirement under section 5316, knowingly conceals 
more than $10,000 in currency or other monetary instruments on his 
person or in any conveyance, article of luggage, merchandise, or other 
container, and transports or transfers or attempts to transport or 
transfer such currency or monetary instruments from a place within the 
United States to a place outside of the United States, or from a place 
outside the United States to a place within the United States, shall be 
guilty of a currency smuggling offense and subject to punishment 
pursuant to subsection (b). For purposes of this section, `monetary 
instruments' has the meaning set forth in this chapter and the 
regulations promulgated thereunder.
    ``(b) Penalty.--A person convicted of a currency smuggling offense 
under subsection (a), or a conspiracy to commit such offense, shall be 
fined under title 18 or imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both. If 
the aggregate amount of currency or monetary instruments involved in an 
offense under subsection (a) equals or exceeds $500,000, the maximum 
term of imprisonment for the offense shall be 10 years. In addition, 
the court, in imposing sentence, shall order that the defendant forfeit 
to the United States, any property, real or personal, involved in the 
offense, and any property traceable to such property, subject to 
subsection (d) of this section. The forfeiture of property under this 
section shall be governed by section 413 of the Controlled Substances 
Act. If the property subject to forfeiture is unavailable, and the 
defendant has no substitute property that may be forfeited pursuant to 
section 413 of the Controlled Substances Act, the court shall enter a 
personal money judgment against the defendant for the amount that would 
be subject to forfeiture.
    ``(c) Seizure of Smuggling Cash.--Any property involved in a 
violation of subsection (a), or a conspiracy to commit such violation, 
and any property traceable thereto, may be seized and, subject to 
subsection (d) of this section, forfeited to the United States. The 
seizure and forfeiture shall be governed by the procedures governing 
civil forfeitures in money laundering cases pursuant to section 
981(a)(1)(A) of title 18, United States Code. For purposes of this 
subsection and subsection (b), any currency or other monetary 
instrument that is concealed or intended to be concealed in violation 
of subsection (a) or a conspiracy to commit such violation, any 
article, container, or conveyance used or intended to be used to 
conceal or transport the currency or other monetary instrument, and any 
other property used or intended to be used to facilitate the offense, 
shall be considered property involved in the offense.
    ``(d) Proportionality of Forfeiture.--Upon a showing by the 
property owner by a preponderance of the evidence that the currency or 
monetary instruments involved in the offense giving rise to the 
forfeiture were derived from a legitimate source, and were intended for 
a lawful purpose, the court shall reduce the forfeiture to the maximum 
amount that is not grossly disproportional to the gravity of the 
offense. In determining the amount of the forfeiture, the court shall 
consider all aggravating and mitigating facts and circumstances that 
have a bearing on the gravity of the offense. Such circumstances 
include, but are not limited to, the following: the value of the 
currency or other monetary instruments involved in the offense; efforts 
by the person committing the offense to structure currency 
transactions, conceal property, or otherwise obstruct justice; and 
whether the offense is part of a pattern of repeated violations of this 
section or any other currency reporting money laundering offenses.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections at the beginning of 
chapter 53 of title 31, United States Code, is amended by adding at the 
end the following new item:

``5331. Bulk cash smuggling.''.
    (e) Currency Reporting Violations.--Section 5317(c) of title 31, 
United States Code, is amended to read as follows:
    ``(c)(1) The court in imposing sentence for any violation of 
section 5313, 5316, or 5324, or any conspiracy to commit such a 
violation, shall order the defendant to forfeit all property, real or 
personal, involved in the offense and any property traceable thereto. 
Forfeitures under this paragraph shall be governed by the procedures 
set forth in section 413 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 
853), and the guidelines set forth in paragraph (3).
    ``(2) Any property involved in a violation of section 5313, 5316, 
or 5324, or any conspiracy to commit such violation, and any property 
traceable thereto, may be seized and, subject to subsection (c)(3) of 
this section, forfeited to the United States in accordance with the 
procedures governing civil forfeitures in money laundering cases 
pursuant to section 981(a)(1)(A) of title 18, United States Code.
    ``(3) Upon a showing by the property owner by a preponderance of 
the evidence that any currency or monetary instruments involved in the 
offense giving rise to the forfeiture were derived from a legitimate 
source, and were intended for a lawful purpose, the court shall reduce 
the forfeiture to the maximum amount that is not grossly 
disproportional to the gravity of the offense. In determining the 
amount of the forfeiture, the court shall consider all aggravating and 
mitigating facts and circumstances that have a bearing on the gravity 
of the offense. Such circumstances include, but are not limited to, the 
following: the value of the currency or other monetary instruments 
involved in the offense; efforts by the person committing the offense 
to structure currency transactions, conceal property, or otherwise 
obstruct justice; and whether the offense is part of a pattern of 
repeated violations.''.
    (f) Conforming Amendments.--(1) Section 981(a)(1)(A) of title 18, 
United States Code, is amended by striking ``of section 5313(a) or 
5324(a) of title 31, or''.
    (2) Section 982(a)(1) of title 18, United States Code, is amended 
by striking ``of section 5313(a), 5316, or 5324 of title 31, or''.

SEC. 19. CURRENCY COURIERS.

    Section 1957 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding 
the following new subsection at the end:
    ``(g) Any person who conceals more than $10,000 in currency in any 
vehicle, or in any compartment or container within any vehicle, and 
transport, attempts to transports, or conspires to transport such 
currency in interstate commerce on any public road or highway, knowing 
that the currency was derived from some form of unlawful activity, or 
knowing that the currency was intended to be used to promote some form 
of unlawful activity, shall be punished as provided in subsection (b). 
The defendant's knowledge may be established by proof that the 
defendant was willfully blind to the source or intended use of the 
currency.''.

SEC. 20. VIOLATIONS OF SECTION 60501.

    Sections 981(a)(1)(A) and 982(a)(1) of title 18, United States 
Code, are amended by inserting ``, or of section 60501 of the Internal 
Revenue Code of 1986 (26 U.S.C. 60501)'' after ``of title 31''.

SEC. 21. PROCEEDS OF FOREIGN CRIMES.

    Section 981(a)(1)(B) of title 18, United States Code, is amended to 
read as follows:
                    ``(B) Any property, real or personal, within the 
                jurisdiction of the United States, constituting, 
                derived from, or traceable to, any process obtained 
                directly or indirectly from conduct constitutes an 
                offense against a foreign nation involving--
                            ``(i) the manufacture, importation, sale, 
                        or distribution of a controlled substance (as 
                        such term is defined for the purposes of the 
                        Controlled Substances Act); or
                            ``(ii) any other conduct described in 
                        section 1956(c)(7)(B), within whose 
                        jurisdiction such offense would be punishable 
                        by death or imprisonment for a term exceeding 
                        one year and which would be punishable under 
                        the laws of the United States by imprisonment 
                        for a term exceeding one year if such conduct 
                        constituting the offense against the foreign 
                        nation had occurred within the jurisdiction of 
                        the United States, or any property used to 
                        facilitate such offense.''.

SEC. 22. AUTHORIZATION TO SHARE RECOVERED PROPERTY WITH COOPERATING 
              FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS.

    (a) In General.--Section 981(i)(1) of title 18, United States Code, 
is amended by striking ``this chapter'' and inserting ``any provision 
of Federal law''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--Section 511(e)(1) of the Controlled 
Substances Act is amended--
            (1) by inserting ``; or'' at the end of subparagraph (C);
            (1) by striking ``; or'' at the end of subparagraph (D) and 
        inserting a period; and
            (2) by striking subparagraph (E).

SEC. 23. IN PERSONAM JUDGMENTS.

    Section 1963(l)(1) of title 18, United States Code, and section 
413(n)(1) of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 853(n)(1)) are 
each amended by adding the following sentence at the end: ``To the 
extent that the order of forfeiture includes only an in personam money 
judgment against the defendant, no proceeding under this subsection 
shall be necessary.''.

SEC. 24. CRIMINAL FORFEITURE OF PROPERTY IN GOVERNMENT CUSTODY.

    Section 413(f) of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 853(f)) 
is amended by adding at the end the following: ``If property subject to 
criminal forfeiture under this section is already in the custody of the 
United States or any agency thereof, it shall not be necessary to seize 
or restrain the property for the purpose of criminal forfeiture.''.

SEC. 25. RESTRAINT OF PROPERTY SUBJECT TO CRIMINAL FORFEITURE.

    Section 413(e)(1) of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 
853(e)(1)) is amended by striking ``(a)'' and inserting ``(a) or (p)''.

SEC. 26. INCLUDING AGENCIES OF TRIBAL GOVERNMENTS IN THE DEFINITION OF 
              A FINANCIAL INSTITUTION.

    Section 5312(a)(2)(W) of title 31, United States Code, is amended 
by striking ``State or local'' and inserting ``State, local, or 
tribal''.

SEC. 27. TRANSFER OF REPORTING REQUIREMENTS FROM SECTION 60501 OF THE 
              INTERNAL REVENUE CODE OF 1986 TO TITLE 31, UNITED STATES 
              CODE.

    (a) Reenactment of Section 60501.--Subchapter II of chapter 53 of 
title 31, United States Code, is amended by inserting after section 
5331 the following new section:
``Sec. 5332. Reports relating to coins and currency received in 
              nonfinancial trade or business
    ``(a) Coin and Currency Receipts of More Than $10,000.--Any 
person--
            ``(1) who is engaged in a trade or business; and
            ``(2) who, in the course of such trade or business, 
        receives more than $10,000 in coins or currency in 1 
        transaction (or 2 or more related transactions),
shall file a report described in subsection (b) with respect to such 
transaction (or related transactions) at such time as the Secretary may 
by regulations prescribe.
    ``(b) Form and Manner of Reports.--A report is described in this 
subsection if such report--
            ``(1) is in such form as the Secretary may prescribe; and
            ``(2) contains--
                    ``(A) the name, address, and taxpayer 
                identification number of the person from whom the coins 
                or currency was received;
                    ``(B) the amount of coins or currency received;
                    ``(C) the date and nature of the transaction; and
                    ``(D) such other information as the Secretary may 
                prescribe.
    ``(c) Exceptions.--
            ``(1) Amounts received by financial institutions.--
        Subsection (a) shall not apply to amounts received in a 
        transaction reported under section 5313 and regulations 
        prescribed under such section.
            ``(2) Transactions occurring outside the united states.--
        Except to the extent provided in regulations prescribed by the 
        Secretary, subsection (a) shall not apply to any transaction if 
        the entire transaction occurs outside the United States.
    ``(d) Currency Includes Foreign Currency and Certain Monetary 
Instruments.--
            ``(1) In general.--For purposes of this section, the term 
        `currency' includes--
                    ``(A) foreign currency; and
                    ``(B) to the extent provided in regulations 
                prescribed by the Secretary, any monetary instrument 
                (whether or not in bearer form) with a face amount of 
                not more than $10,000.
            ``(2) Scope of application.--Paragraph (1)(B) shall not 
        apply to any check drawn on the account of the writer in a 
        financial institution referred to in subparagraph (A), (B), 
        (C), (D), (E), (F), (G), (J), (K), (R), or (S) of section 
        5312(a)(2).
    ``(e) Coins or Currency Received by Criminal Court Clerks.--
            ``(1) In general.--Every clerk of a Federal or State 
        criminal court who receives more than $10,000 in coins or 
        currency as bail for any individual charged with a specified 
        criminal offense shall file a report described in paragraph (2) 
        (at such time as the Secretary may by regulations prescribe) 
        with respect to the receipt of such bail.
            ``(2) Report.--A report is described in this paragraph if 
        such report--
                    ``(A) is in such form as the Secretary may 
                prescribe; and
                    ``(B) contains--
                            ``(i) the name, address, and taxpayer 
                        identification number of--
                                    ``(I) the individual charged with 
                                the specified criminal offense; and
                                    ``(II) each person posting the bail 
                                (other than a person licensed as a bail 
                                bondsman);
                            ``(ii) the amount of coins or currency 
                        received;
                            ``(iii) the date the coins or currency was 
                        received; and
                            ``(iv) such other information as the 
                        Secretary may prescribe.
            ``(3) Specified criminal offense.--For purposes of this 
        subsection, the term `specified criminal offense' means--
                    ``(A) any Federal criminal offense involving a 
                controlled substance;
                    ``(B) racketeering (as defined in section 1951, 
                1952, or 1955 of title 18, United States Code);
                    ``(C) money laundering (as defined in section 1956, 
                1957, or 1960 of such title); and
                    ``(D) any State criminal offense substantially 
                similar to an offense described in subparagraph (A), 
                (B), or (C).
            ``(4) Information to federal prosecutors.--Each clerk 
        required to include in a report under paragraph (1) the 
        information described in paragraph (2)(B) with respect to an 
        individual described in paragraph (2)(B)(i)(I) shall furnish 
        (at such time as the Secretary may by regulations prescribe) a 
        written statement showing such information to the United States 
        Attorney for the jurisdiction in which such individual resides 
        and the jurisdiction in which the specified criminal offense 
        occurred.
            ``(5) Information to payors of bail.--Each clerk required 
        to file a report under paragraph (1) shall furnish (at such 
        time as the Secretary may by regulations prescribe) to each 
        person whose name is required to be set forth in such report by 
        reason of paragraph (2)(B)(i)(II) a written statement showing--
                    ``(A) the name and address of the clerk's office 
                required to file the report; and
                    ``(B) the aggregate amount of coins and currency 
                described in paragraph (1) received by such clerk.''.
    (b) Prohibition on Structuring Transactions.--
            (1) In general.--Section 5324 of title 31, United States 
        Code, is amended--
                    (A) by redesignating subsections (b) and (c) as 
                subsections (c) and (d), respectively; and
                    (B) by inserting after subsection (a) the following 
                new subsection:
    ``(b) Domestic Coin and Currency Transactions Involving 
Nonfinancial Trades or Businesses.--No person shall for the purpose of 
evading the report requirements of section 5332 or any regulation 
prescribed under such section--
            ``(1) cause or attempt to cause a nonfinancial trade or 
        business to fail to file a report required under section 5332 
        or any regulation prescribed under such section;
            ``(2) cause or attempt to cause a nonfinancial trade or 
        business to file a report required under section 5332 or any 
        regulation prescribed under such section that contains a 
        material omission or misstatement of fact; or
            ``(3) structure or assist in structuring, or attempt to 
        structure or assist in structuring, any transition with 1 or 
        more nonfinancial trades or businesses.''.
            (2) Technical and conforming amendments.--
                    (A) The heading for subsection (a) of section 5324 
                of title 31, United States Code, is amended by 
                inserting ``Involving Financial Institutions'' after 
                ``Transactions''.
                    (B) Section 5317(c) of title 31, United States 
                Code, is amended by striking ``5324(b)'' and inserting 
                ``5324(c)''.
    (c) Definition of Nonfinancial Trade or Business.--
            (1) In general.--Section 5312(a) of title 31, United States 
        Code, is amended--
                    (A) by redesignating paragraphs (4) and (5) as 
                paragraphs (5) and (6), respectively; and
                    (B) by inserting after paragraph (3) the Following 
                new paragraph:
            ``(4) Nonfinancial trade or business.--The term 
        `nonfinancial trade or business' means any trade or business 
        other than a financial institution that is subject to the 
        reporting requirements of section 5313 and regulations 
        prescribed under such section.''.
            (2) Technical and conforming amendments.--
                    (A) Section 5312(c)(3)(C) of title 31, United 
                States Code, is amended by striking ``section 5316,'' 
                and inserting ``sections 5332 and 5316,''.
                    (B) Subsections (a) through (f) of section 5318 of 
                title 31, United States Code, and sections 5321, 5326, 
                and 5328 of such title are each amended--
                            (i) by inserting ``or nonfinancial trade or 
                        business'' after ``financial institution'' each 
                        place such term appears; and
                            (ii) by inserting ``or nonfinancial trades 
                        or businesses'' after ``financial 
                        institutions'' each place such term appears.
                    (C) Section 981(a)(1)(A) of title 18, United States 
                Code, is amended by striking ``5313(a) or 5324(a) of 
                title 31,'' and inserting ``5313(a) or 5332 of title 
                31, or subsection (a) or (b) of section 5324 of such 
                title,''.
                    (D) Section 982(a)(1) of title 18, United States 
                Code, is amended by inserting ``5332,'' after 
                ``5313(a),''.
    (d) Repeal of Duplicate Provision.--Section 60501 of the Internal 
Revenue Code of 1986 is repealed.
    (e) Clerical Amendments.--
            (1) Title 31.--The tables sections for chapter 53 of title 
        31, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item 
        relating to section 5331 the following new item:

``5332. Reports relating to coins and currency received in nonfinancial 
                            trade or business.''.
            (2) Internal revenue code of 1986.--
                    (A) The table of sections for subpart B of part III 
                of subchapter A of chapter 61 of the Internal Revenue 
                Code of 1986 is amended by striking the item relating 
                to section 60501.
                    (B)(i) Subsection (l) of section 6103 of such Code 
                is amended by striking paragraph (15).
                    (ii) Subparagraph (A) of section 6103(p)(3) of such 
                Code is amended by striking ``(15),''.
                    (iii) Paragraph (4) of section 6103(p) of such Code 
                is amended by striking in the material preceding 
                subparagraph (A) ``(12)'' and all that follows through 
                ``(16)'' and inserting ``(12), or (16)''.
                    (iv) Clause (ii) of section 6103(p)(4)(F) of such 
                Code is amended by striking ``(14), or (15)'' and 
                inserting ``or (14)''.
                    (C) Paragraph (2) of section 6721(e) of such Code 
                is amended--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A) by striking 
                        ``60501,'' and by adding ``or'' at the end;
                            (ii) by striking ``or'' at the end of 
                        subparagraph (B) and inserting ``and''; and
                            (iii) by striking subparagraph (C).
                    (D) Subparagraph (B) of section 6724(d)(1) of such 
                Code is amended by striking clause (iv) and by 
                redesignating the succeeding clauses accordingly.
                    (E) Paragraph (2) of section 6724(d) of such Code 
                is amended by striking subparagraph (K) and by 
                redesignating the succeeding subparagraphs accordingly.
                    (F) Section 7203 of such Code is amended by 
                striking the last sentence.
    (f) Regulations; Effective Date.--
            (1) Regulations.--Regulations which the Secretary of the 
        Treasury determines are necessary to implement this section 
        shall be published in final form before the end of the 6-month 
        period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act.
            (2) Effective date.--The amendments made by this section 
        shall take effect at the end of the 6-month period beginning on 
        the date the regulations referred to in paragraph (1) are 
        published in final form in the Federal Register.

SEC. 28. PENALTIES FOR VIOLATIONS OF GEOGRAPHIC TARGETING ORDERS AND 
              CERTAIN RECORD KEEPING REQUIREMENTS.

    (a) Civil Penalty for Violation of Targeting Order.--Section 
5321(a)(1) of title 31, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by inserting ``or order issued'' after ``subchapter or 
        a regulation prescribed''; and
            (2) by inserting ``, or willfully violating a regulation 
        prescribed under section 21 of the Federal Deposit Insurance 
        Act or section 123 of Public Law 91-508,'' after ``sections 
        5314 and 5315)''.
    (b) Criminal Penalties for Violation of Targeting Order.--Section 
5322 of title 31, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) by inserting ``or order issued'' after 
                ``willfully violating this subchapter or a regulation 
                prescribed''; and
                    (B) by inserting ``or willfully violating a 
                regulation prescribed under section 21 of the Federal 
                Deposit Insurance Act or section 123 of Public Law 91-
                508,'' after ``under section 5315 or 5324),''; and
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) by inserting ``or order issued'' after 
                ``willfully violating this subchapter or a regulation 
                prescribed''; and
                    (B) by inserting ``willfully violating a regulation 
                prescribed under section 21 of the Federal Deposit 
                Insurance Act or section 123 of Public Law 91-508,'' 
after ``under section 5315 or 5324),''.
    (c) Structuring Transactions To Evade Targeting Order or Certain 
Record Keeping Requirements.--Section 5324(a) of title 31, United 
States Code, is amended--
            (1) by inserting a comma after ``shall'';
            (2) by striking ``section--'' and inserting ``section, the 
        reporting requirements imposed by any order issued under 
        section 5326, or the record keeping requirements imposed by any 
        regulation prescribed under section 21 of the Federal Deposit 
        Insurance Act or section 123 of Public Law
        91-508--''; and
            (3) in paragraphs (1) and (2), by inserting ``, to file a 
        report required by any order issued under section 5326, or to 
        maintain a record required pursuant to any regulation 
        prescribed under section 21 of the Federal Deposit Insurance 
        Act or section 123 of Public Law 91-508'' after ``regulation 
        prescribed under any such section'' each place that term 
        appears.
    (d) Increase in Civil Penalties for Violation of Certain Record 
Keeping Requirements.--
            (1) Federal deposit insurance act.--Section 21(j)(1) of the 
        Federal Deposit Insurance Act (12 U.S.C. 1829b(j)(1)) is 
        amended by striking ``$10,000'' and inserting ``the greater 
        of--
                    ``(A) the amount (not to exceed $100,000) involved 
                in the transaction (if any) with respect to which the 
                violation occurred; or
                    ``(B) $25,000''.
            (2) Public law 91-508.--Section 125(a) of Public Law 91-508 
        (12 U.S.C. 1955(a)) is amended by striking ``$10,000'' and 
        inserting ``the greater of--
            ``(1) the amount (not to exceed $100,000) involved in the 
        transaction (if any) with respect to which the violation 
        occurred; or
            ``(2) $25,000''.
    (e) Criminal Penalties for Violation of Certain Record Keeping 
Requirements.--
            (1) Section 126.--Section 126 of Public Law 91-508 (12 
        U.S.C. 1956) is amended to read as follows:

``SEC. 126. CRIMINAL PENALTY.

    ``A person that willfully violates this chapter, section 21 of the 
Federal Deposit Insurance Act, or a regulation prescribed under this 
chapter or that section 21, shall be fined not more than $250,000, or 
imprisoned for not more than 5 years, or both.''.
            (2) Section 127.--Section 127 of Public Law 91-508 (12 
        U.S.C. 1957) is amended to read as follows:

``SEC. 127. ADDITIONAL CRIMINAL PENALTY IN CERTAIN CASES.

    ``A person that willfully violates this chapter, section 21 of the 
Federal Deposit Insurance Act, or a regulation prescribed under this 
chapter or that section 21, while violating another law of the United 
States or as part of a pattern of any illegal activity involving more 
than $100,000 in a 12-month period, shall be fined not more than 
$500,000, imprisoned for not more than 10 years, or both.''.

SEC. 29. INADMISSIBILITY OF ALIENS INVOLVED IN MONEY LAUNDERING.

    Section 212(a)(2) of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, 
as amended (8 U.S.C. 1182(a)(2)), is amended by inserting after 
subparagraph (G) new subparagraphs (H) and (I) to read as follows:
                    ``(H) Money laundering activities.--Any alien who 
                the consular officer or the Attorney General knows or 
                has reason to believe--
                            ``(i) is or has been engaged in activities 
                        that constitute a violation of title 18, United 
                        States Code, section 1956 or 1957, or if 
                        engaged in within the United States would 
                        constitute a violation of such section 1956 or 
                        1957, or has been a knowing assister, abettor, 
                        conspirator, or colluder with others in any 
                        such illicit activity; or
                            ``(ii)(I) is the spouse, son, or daughter 
                        of an alien inadmissible under clause (i);
                            ``(II) has, within the previous five years, 
                        obtained any financial or other benefit from 
                        such illicit activity of that alien; and
                            ``(III) knew or reasonably should have 
                        known that the financial or other benefit was 
                        the product of such illicit activity,
                is inadmissible.
                    ``(I) Agency-requested waiver.--Upon request from a 
                Federal, State, or local law enforcement agency, the 
                Attorney General may, in the Attorney General's sole 
                and unreviewable discretion, waive the provisions of 
                subparagraph (H) in the case of an alien witness, 
                potential witness, a person cooperating with an 
                investigation into major criminal activity, or an 
                immediate family member or close associate of a 
                witness, potential witness, or person cooperating with 
                such an investigation, if the Attorney General 
                determines that the alien will not pose a danger to the 
                safety of persons or property.''.

SEC. 30. MISCELLANEOUS MINOR AMENDMENTS.

    (a) Criminal Forfeiture.--Section 982(b) of title 18, United States 
Code, is amended in subsection (b)(2), by striking ``The substitution'' 
and inserting ``With respect to a forfeiture under subsection (a)(1), 
the substitution''.
    (b) Definition of Financial Institution.--Section 5312(a)(2) of 
title 31, United States Code, is amended by redesignating subparagraphs 
(Y) and (Z) as (Z) and (AA), respectively, and by inserting the 
following new subparagraph after subparagraph (X):
                    ``(Y) a bail bondsman;''.
    (c) Technical Amendment.--Section 981(d) of title 18 United States 
Code, is amended by striking ``sale of this section'' and inserting 
``sale of such property.''
    (d) Obstruction of Justice.--Section 1510(b)(3)(B) of title 18, 
United States Code, is amended by striking ``or'' the first time it 
appears and inserting ``, a subpoena issued pursuant to 28 U.S.C. 1782, 
or''.

SEC. 31. COLLECTION OR CRIMINAL FORFEITURE JUDGMENT.

    Section 413 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 853) is 
amended by adding the following subsection after subsection (q):
    ``(r) Collection of Criminal Forfeiture Judgment.--In addition to 
the authority otherwise provided in this section, an order of 
forfeiture may be enforced--
            ``(1) in the manner provided for the collection and payment 
        of fines in subchapter B of chapter 229 of title 18, United 
        States Code; or
            ``(2) in the same manner as a judgment in a civil 
        action.''.

SEC. 32. NONABATEMENT OF FORFEITURE WHEN DEFENDANT DIES PENDING APPEAL.

    Section 413 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 853) is 
amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:
    ``(s) Nonabatement of Forfeiture Order.--An order of forfeiture 
that has been made part of a criminal sentence under this section shall 
not abate by reason of the death thereafter of any or all of the 
defendants or petitioners or potential petitioners, regardless of any 
appeal that may be pending at the time of death.''.
                                 <all>