[Congressional Bills 105th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 57 Introduced in Senate (IS)]







105th CONGRESS
  1st Session
                                 S. 57

  To amend the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 to provide for a 
  voluntary system of spending limits and partial public financing of 
 Senate primary and general election campaigns, to limit contributions 
    by multicandidate political committees, to limit soft money of 
          political party committees, and for other purposes.


_______________________________________________________________________


                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                            January 21, 1997

Mr. Feingold (for himself and Mr. Reid) introduced the following bill; 
    which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Rules and 
                             Administration

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
  To amend the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 to provide for a 
  voluntary system of spending limits and partial public financing of 
 Senate primary and general election campaigns, to limit contributions 
    by multicandidate political committees, to limit soft money of 
          political party committees, and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Senate Campaign 
Financing and Spending Reform Act''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Findings and declarations of the Senate.
          TITLE I--CONTROL OF CONGRESSIONAL CAMPAIGN SPENDING

  Subtitle A--Senate Election Campaign Expenditure Limits and Benefits

Sec. 101. Senate expenditure limits and benefits.
Sec. 102. Political action committees.
Sec. 103. Reporting requirements.
Sec. 104. Disclosure by candidates other than eligible Senate 
                            candidates.
                     Subtitle B--General Provisions

Sec. 131. Broadcast rates and preemption.
Sec. 132. Extension of reduced third-class mailing rates to eligible 
                            senate candidates.
Sec. 133. Campaign advertising amendments.
Sec. 134. Definitions.
Sec. 135. Provisions relating to franked mass mailings.
                   TITLE II--INDEPENDENT EXPENDITURES

Sec. 201. Definitions.
Sec. 202. Reporting requirements for certain independent expenditures.
                        TITLE III--EXPENDITURES

                   Subtitle A--Personal Funds; Credit

Sec. 301. Contributions and loans from personal funds.
Sec. 302. Extensions of credit.
          Subtitle B--Soft Money of Political Party Committees

Sec. 311. Soft money of political party committees.
Sec. 312. Reporting requirements.
                        TITLE IV--CONTRIBUTIONS

Sec. 401. Contributions through intermediaries and conduits; 
                            prohibition on certain contributions by 
                            lobbyists.
Sec. 402. Contributions by dependents not of voting age.
Sec. 403. Contributions to candidates from State and local committees 
                            of political parties to be aggregated.
Sec. 404. Limited exclusion of advances by campaign workers from the 
                            definition of the term ``contribution''.
                    TITLE V--REPORTING REQUIREMENTS

Sec. 501. Change in certain reporting from a calendar year basis to an 
                            election cycle basis.
Sec. 502. Personal and consulting services.
Sec. 503. Contributions of $50 or more.
Sec. 504. Computerized indices of contributions.
                 TITLE VI--FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION

Sec. 601. Use of candidates' names.
Sec. 602. Reporting requirements.
Sec. 603. Provisions relating to the general counsel of the Commission.
Sec. 604. Penalties.
Sec. 605. Random audits.
Sec. 606. Prohibition of false representation to solicit contributions.
Sec. 607. Regulations relating to use of non-Federal money.
Sec. 608. Filing of reports using computers and facsimile machines.
                        TITLE VII--MISCELLANEOUS

Sec. 701. Prohibition of leadership committees.
Sec. 702. Polling data contributed to candidates.
Sec. 703. Restrictions on use of campaign funds for personal purposes.
              TITLE VIII--EFFECTIVE DATES; AUTHORIZATIONS

Sec. 801. Effective date.
Sec. 802. Severability.
Sec. 803. Expedited review of constitutional issues.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS AND DECLARATIONS OF THE SENATE.

    (a) Necessity for Spending Limits.--The Senate finds and declares 
that--
            (1) the current system of campaign finance has led to 
        public perceptions that political contributions and their 
        solicitation have unduly influenced the official conduct of 
        elected officials;
            (2) permitting candidates for Federal office to raise and 
        spend unlimited amounts of money constitutes a fundamental flaw 
        in the current system of campaign finance, and has undermined 
        public respect for the Senate as an institution;
            (3) the failure to limit campaign expenditures has caused 
        individuals elected to the Senate to spend an increasing 
        proportion of their time in office as elected officials raising 
        funds, interfering with the ability of the Senate to carry out 
        its constitutional responsibilities;
            (4) the failure to limit campaign expenditures has damaged 
        the Senate as an institution, due to the time lost to raising 
        funds for campaigns; and
            (5) to prevent the appearance of undue influence and to 
        restore public trust in the Senate as an institution, it is 
        necessary to limit campaign expenditures, through a system 
        which provides public benefits to candidates who agree to limit 
        campaign expenditures.
    (b) Necessity for Attributing Cooperative Expenditures to 
Candidates.--The Senate finds and declares that--
            (1) public confidence and trust in the system of campaign 
        finance would be undermined should any candidate be able to 
        circumvent a system of caps on expenditures through cooperative 
        expenditures with outside individuals, groups, or 
        organizations;
            (2) cooperative expenditures by candidates with outside 
        individuals, groups, or organizations would severely undermine 
        the effectiveness of caps on campaign expenditures, unless they 
        are included within such caps; and
            (3) to maintain the integrity of the system of campaign 
        finance, expenditures by any individual, group, or organization 
        that have been made in cooperation with any candidate, 
        authorized committee, or agent of any candidate must be 
        attributed to that candidate's cap on campaign expenditures.

          TITLE I--CONTROL OF CONGRESSIONAL CAMPAIGN SPENDING

  Subtitle A--Senate Election Campaign Expenditure Limits and Benefits

SEC. 101. SENATE EXPENDITURE LIMITS AND BENEFITS.

    (a) Amendment of FECA.--Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 
U.S.C. 431 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

    ``TITLE V--EXPENDITURE LIMITS AND BENEFITS FOR SENATE ELECTION 
                               CAMPAIGNS

``SEC. 501. DEFINITIONS.

    ``In this title:
            ``(1) Eligible senate candidate.--The term `eligible Senate 
        candidate' means a candidate who is certified under section 505 
        as being eligible to receive benefits under this title.
            ``(2) Excess expenditure amount.--The term `excess 
        expenditure amount', with respect to an eligible Senate 
        candidate, means the amount applicable to the eligible Senate 
        candidate under section 504(c).
            ``(3) Expenditure.--The term `expenditure' has the meaning 
        given in paragraph (9) of section 301, excluding subparagraph 
        (B)(ii) of that paragraph.
            ``(4) Fund.--The term `Fund' means the Senate Election 
        Campaign Fund established by section 509.
            ``(5) General election expenditure limit.--The term 
        `general election expenditure limit', with respect to an 
        eligible Senate candidate, means the limit applicable to the 
        eligible Senate candidate under section 503(b).
            ``(6) Personal funds expenditure limit.--The term `personal 
        funds expenditure limit' means the limit stated in section 
        503(a).
            ``(7) Primary election expenditure limit.--The term 
        `primary election expenditure limit', with respect to an 
        eligible Senate candidate, means the limit applicable to the 
        eligible Senate candidate under section 502(d)(1)(A).
            ``(8) Runoff election expenditure limit.--The term `runoff 
        election expenditure limit', with respect to an eligible Senate 
        candidate, means the limit applicable to the eligible Senate 
        candidate under section 502(d)(1)(B).

``SEC. 502. ELIGIBLE SENATE CANDIDATES.

    ``(a) In General.--For purposes of this title, a candidate is an 
eligible Senate candidate if the candidate--
            ``(1) files a primary election eligibility certification 
        and declaration under subsection (b) and is in compliance with 
        the representations made in the certification and declaration; 
        and
            ``(2) files a general election eligibility certification 
        and declaration under subsection (c) and is in compliance with 
        the representations made in the certification and declaration.
    ``(b) Primary Election Eligibility Certification and Declaration.--
            ``(1) In general.--The requirements of this subsection are 
        met if the candidate files with the Secretary of the Senate--
                    ``(A) a certification, under pending of perjury, 
                that the candidate has met the threshold contribution 
                requirement of subsection (e); and
                    ``(B) a declaration that the candidate and the 
                candidate's authorized committees--
                            ``(i)(I) will not exceed the primary 
                        election expenditure limit or runoff election 
                        expenditure limits; and
                            ``(II) will accept only an amount of 
                        contributions for the primary election and any 
                        runoff election that does not exceed the 
                        primary election expenditure limit and, if 
                        there is a runoff election, the runoff election 
                        expenditure limit;
                            ``(ii)(I) will not exceed the primary and 
                        runoff election multicandidate political 
                        committee contribution limits of subsection 
                        (f); and
                            ``(II) will accept only an amount of 
                        contributions for the primary election and any 
                        runoff election from multicandidate political 
                        committees that does not exceed those limits;
                    ``(iii) will not accept contributions for the 
                primary or runoff election that would cause the 
                candidate to exceed the limitation on contributions 
                from out-of-State residents under subsection (g);
                    ``(iv) will not exceed the personal funds 
                expenditure limit; and
                    ``(v) will not exceed the general election 
                expenditure limit.
            ``(2) Deadline for filing declaration.--The declaration 
        under paragraph (1) shall be filed not later than the date on 
        which the candidate files as a candidate for the primary 
        election.
    ``(c) General Election Eligibility Certification and Declaration.--
            ``(1) In general.--The requirements of this subsection are 
        met if the candidate files with the Secretary of the Senate--
                    ``(A) a certification, under penalty of perjury, 
                that--
                            ``(i) the candidate and the candidate's 
                        authorized committees--
                                    ``(I) did not exceed the primary 
                                election expenditure limit or runoff 
                                election expenditure limit;
                                    ``(II) did not accept contributions 
                                for the primary election or runoff 
                                election in excess of the primary 
                                election expenditure limit or runoff 
                                election expenditure limit, reduced by 
                                any amounts transferred to the current 
                                election cycle from a preceding 
                                election cycle;
                                    ``(III) did not accept 
                                contributions for the primary or runoff 
                                election in excess of the 
                                multicandidate political committee 
                                contribution limits under subsection 
                                (f);
                                    ``(IV) did not accept contributions 
                                for the primary election or runoff 
                                election that caused the candidate to 
                                exceed the limitation on contributions 
                                from out-of-State residents under 
                                subsection (g); and
                            ``(ii) at least 1 other candidate has 
                        qualified for the same general election ballot 
                        under the law of the candidate's State; and
                    ``(B) a declaration that the candidate and the 
                authorized committees of the candidate--
                            ``(i) except as otherwise provided by this 
                        title, will not make expenditures that exceed 
                        the general election expenditure limit;
                            ``(ii) except as otherwise provided by this 
                        title, will not accept any contribution for the 
                        general election to the extent that the 
                        contribution--
                                    ``(I) would cause the aggregate 
                                amount of contributions to exceed the 
                                sum of the amount of the general 
                                election expenditure limit, reduced by 
                                any amounts transferred to the current 
                                election cycle from a previous election 
                                cycle and not taken into account under 
                                subparagraph (A)(ii);
                                    ``(II) would cause the candidate to 
                                exceed the limitation on contributions 
                                from out-of-State residents under 
                                subsection (g);
                                    ``(III) would be in violation of 
                                section 315;
                            ``(iii) will deposit all payments received 
                        under this title in an account insured by the 
                        Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation from 
                        which funds may be withdrawn by check or 
                        similar means of payment to third parties;
                            ``(vi) will furnish campaign records, 
                        evidence of contributions, and other 
                        appropriate information to the Commission; and
                            ``(v) will cooperate in the case of any 
                        audit and examination by the Commission under 
                        section 506 and will pay any amounts required 
                        to be paid under that section.
            ``(2) Deadline for filing declaration and certification.--
        The declaration and certification under paragraph (1) shall be 
        filed not later than 7 days after the earlier of--
                    ``(A) the date on which the candidate qualifies for 
                the general election ballot under State law; or
                    ``(B) if, under State law, a primary or runoff 
                election to qualify for the general election ballot 
                occurs after September 1, the date on which the 
                candidate wins the primary or runoff election.
    ``(d) Primary and Runoff Election Expenditure Limits.--
            ``(1) In general.--The requirements of this subsection are 
        met if--
                    ``(A) the candidate or the candidate's authorized 
                committees did not make expenditures for the primary 
                election in excess of the lesser of--
                            ``(i) 67 percent of the general election 
                        expenditure limit; or
                            ``(ii) $2,750,000;
                    ``(B) the candidate and the candidate's authorized 
                committees did not make expenditures for any runoff 
                election in excess of 20 percent of the general 
                election expenditure limit.
            ``(2) Indexing.--The $2,750,000 amount under paragraph 
        (1)(A)(ii) shall be increased as of the beginning of each 
        calendar year based on the increase in the price index 
        determined under section 315(c), except that, for purposes of 
        subsection (d)(1) and section 503(b)(3), the base period shall 
        be calendar year 1996.
            ``(3) Increase.--The limitations under subparagraphs (A) 
        and (B) of paragraph (1) with respect to any candidate shall be 
        increased by the aggregate amount of independent expenditures 
        in opposition to, or on behalf of any opponent of, the 
        candidate during the primary or runoff election period, 
        whichever is applicable, that are required to be reported to 
        the Secretary of the Senate or to the Commission with respect 
        to that period under section 304.
            ``(4) Excess amount of contributions.--
                    ``(A) In general.--If the contributions received by 
                a candidate or the candidate's authorized committees 
                for the primary election or runoff election exceed the 
                expenditures for either election--
                            ``(i) the excess amount of contributions 
                        shall be treated as contributions for the 
                        general election; and
                            ``(ii) expenditures for the general 
                        election may be made from the excess amount of 
                        contributions.
                    ``(B) Limitation.--Subparagraph (A) shall not apply 
                to the extent that treatment of excess contributions in 
                accordance with subparagraph (A)--
                            ``(i) would result in the violation of any 
                        limitation under section 315; or
                            ``(ii) would cause the aggregate amount of 
                        contributions received for the general election 
                        to exceed the limits under subsection 
                        (c)(1)(D)(iii).
    ``(e) Threshold Contribution Requirement.--
            ``(1) In general.--The requirement of this subsection is 
        met if the candidate and the candidate's authorized committees 
        have received allowable contributions during the applicable 
        period in an amount at least equal to the lesser of--
            ``(A) 10 percent of the general election expenditure limit; 
        or
            ``(B) $250,000.
            ``(2) Definitions.--In this section and subsections (b) and 
        (c) of section 504:
                    ``(A) Allowable contribution.--
                            ``(i) In general.--The term `allowable 
                        contribution' means a contribution that is made 
                        as a gift of money by an individual pursuant to 
                        a written instrument identifying the individual 
                        as the contributor.
                            ``(ii) Exclusions.--The term `allowable 
                        contribution' does not include--
                                    ``(I) a contribution from any 
                                individual during the applicable period 
                                to the extent that the aggregate amount 
                                of such contributions from the 
                                individual exceeds $250; or
                                    ``(II) a contribution from an 
                                individual residing outside the 
                                candidate's State to the extent that 
                                acceptance of the contribution would 
                                bring a candidate out of compliance 
                                with subsection (g).
                            ``(iii) Applicability.--Items subclauses 
                        (I) and (II) of clause (ii) shall not apply for 
                        purposes of section 504(a).
                    ``(B) Applicable period.--The term `applicable 
                period' means--
                            ``(i) the period beginning on January 1 of 
                        the calendar year preceding the calendar year 
                        of a general election and ending on--
                                    ``(I) the date on which the 
                                certification and declaration under 
                                subsection (c) is filed by the 
                                candidate; or
                                    ``(II) for purposes of subsection 
                                (a) of section 503, the date of the 
                                general election; or
                            ``(ii) in the case of a special election 
                        for the office of United States Senator, the 
                        period beginning on the date on which the 
                        vacancy in the office occurs and ending on the 
                        date of the general election.
    ``(f) Multicandidate Political Committee Contribution Limits.--The 
requirements of this subsection are met if the candidate and the 
candidate's authorized committees have accepted from multicandidate 
political committees allowable contributions that do not exceed--
            ``(1) during the primary election period, an amount equal 
        to 20 percent of the primary election spending limit; and
            ``(2) during the runoff election period, an amount equal to 
        20 percent of the runoff election spending limit.
    ``(g) Limitation on Out-of-State Contributions.--
            ``(1) Requirements.--The requirements of this subsection 
        are met if at least 50 percent of the total amount of 
        contributions accepted by the candidate and the candidate's 
        authorized committees are from individuals who are legal 
        residents of the candidate's State.
            ``(2) Personal funds.--For purposes of paragraph (1), 
        amounts consisting of funds from sources described in section 
        503(a) shall be treated as contributions from individuals 
        residing outside the candidate's State.
            ``(3) Time for determination.--A determination whether the 
        requirements of paragraph (1) are met shall be made each time a 
        candidate is required to file a report under section 304 and 
        shall be made on an aggregate basis.

``SEC. 503. LIMITS ON EXPENDITURES.

    ``(a) Personal Funds Expenditure Limit.--
            ``(1) In general.--The aggregate amount of expenditures 
        that may be made during an election cycle by an eligible Senate 
        candidate or the candidate's authorized committees from the 
        sources described in paragraph (2) shall not exceed $25,000.
            ``(2) Sources.--A source is described in this paragraph if 
        it is--
                    ``(A) personal funds of the candidate or a member 
                of the candidate's immediate family; or
                    ``(B) proceeds of indebtedness incurred by the 
                candidate or a member of the candidate's immediate 
                family.
    ``(b) General Election Expenditure Limit.--
            ``(1) In general.--Except as otherwise provided in this 
        title, the aggregate amount of expenditures for a general 
        election by an eligible Senate candidate and the candidate's 
        authorized committees shall not exceed the lesser of--
                    ``(A) $5,500,000; or
                    ``(B) the greater of--
                            ``(i) $950,000; or
                            ``(ii) $400,000; plus
                                    ``(I) 30 cents multiplied by the 
                                voting age population not in excess of 
                                4,000,000; and
                                    ``(II) 25 cents multiplied by the 
                                voting age population in excess of 
                                4,000,000.
            ``(2) Exception.--In the case of an eligible Senate 
        candidate in a State that has not more than 1 transmitter for a 
        commercial Very High Frequency (VHF) television station 
        licensed to operate in that State, paragraph (1)(B)(ii) shall 
        be applied by substituting--
                    ``(A) `80 cents' for `30 cents' in subclause (I); 
                and
                    ``(B) `70 cents' for `25 cents' in subclause (II).
            ``(3) Indexing.--The amount otherwise determined under 
        paragraph (1) for any calendar year shall be increased by the 
        same percentage as the percentage increase for the calendar 
        year under section 502(d)(2).
    ``(c) Payment of Taxes on Earnings.--The limitation under 
subsection (b) shall not apply to any expenditure for Federal, State, 
or local income taxes on the earnings of a candidate's authorized 
committees.
    ``(d) Expenditures.--For purposes of this title, the term 
`expenditure' has the meaning given such term by section 301(9), except 
that in determining any expenditures made by, or on behalf of, a 
candidate or a candidate's authorized committees, section 301(9)(B) 
shall be applied without regard to clause (ii) or (vi).
    ``(e) Expenditures in Response to Independent Expenditures.--If an 
eligible Senate candidate is notified by the Commission under section 
304(c)(4) that independent expenditures totaling $10,000 or more have 
been made in the same election in favor of another candidate or against 
the eligible candidate, the eligible candidate shall be permitted to 
spend an amount equal to the amount of the independent expenditures, 
and any such expenditures shall not be subject to any limit applicable 
under this title to the eligible candidate for the election.

``SEC. 504. BENEFITS FOR ELIGIBLE SENATE CANDIDATES.

    ``(a) In General.--An eligible Senate candidate shall be entitled 
to--
            ``(1) the broadcast media rates provided under section 
        315(b) of the Communications Act of 1934;
            ``(2) the mailing rates provided in section 3626(e) of 
        title 39, United States Code; and
            ``(3) payments in an amount equal to--
                    ``(A) the public financing amount determined under 
                subsection (b);
                    ``(B) the excess expenditure amount determined 
                under subsection (c); and
                    ``(C) the independent expenditure amount determined 
                under subsection (d).
    ``(b) Public Financing Amount.--
            ``(1) Determination.--The public financing amount is--
                    ``(A) in the case of an eligible candidate who is a 
                major party candidate and has met the threshold 
                requirement of section 502(e)--
                            ``(i)(I) during the primary election 
                        period, the public financing an amount equal to 
                        100 percent of the amount of contributions 
                        received during that period from individuals 
                        residing in the candidate's State in the 
                        aggregate amount of $100 or less; plus
                            ``(II) an amount equal to 50 percent of the 
                        amount of contributions received during that 
                        period from individuals residing in the 
                        candidate's State in the aggregate amount of 
                        more than $100 but less than $251, up to 50 
                        percent of the primary election expenditure 
                        limit; reduced by
                            ``(III) the threshold requirement under 
                        section 502(e);
                            (ii)(I) during the runoff election period, 
                        an amount equal to 100 percent of the amount of 
                        contributions received during that period from 
                        individuals residing in the candidate's State 
                        in the aggregate amount of $100 or less; plus
                            ``(II) an amount equal to 50 percent of the 
                        amount of contributions received during that 
                        period from individuals residing in the 
                        candidate's State in the aggregate amount of 
                        more than $100 but less than $251, up to 10 
                        percent of the general election expenditure 
                        limit; and
                            ``(III) during the general election period, 
                        an amount equal to the general election 
                        expenditure limit; and
                    ``(B) in the case of an eligible candidate who is 
                not a major party candidate and who has met the 
                threshold requirement of section 502(e)--
                            ``(i)(I) during the primary election 
                        period, an amount equal to 100 percent of the 
                        amount of contributions received during that 
                        period from individuals residing in the 
                        candidate's State in the aggregate amount of 
                        $100 or less; plus
                            ``(II) an amount equal to 50 percent of the 
                        amount of contributions received during that 
                        period from individuals residing in the 
                        candidate's State in the aggregate amount of 
                        more than $100 but less than $251, up to 50 
                        percent of the primary election expenditure 
                        limit; reduced by
                            ``(III) the threshold requirement under 
                        section 502(e);
                            ``(ii)(I) during the runoff election 
                        period, an amount equal to 100 percent of the 
                        amount of contributions received during that 
                        period from individuals residing in the 
                        candidate's State in the aggregate amount of 
                        $100 or less; plus,
                            ``(II) an amount equal to 50 percent of the 
                        amount of contributions received during that 
                        period from individuals residing in the 
                        candidate's State in the aggregate amount of 
                        more than $100 but less than $251, up to 10 
                        percent of the general election expenditure 
                        limit; and
                            ``(iii)(I) during the general election 
                        period, an amount equal to 100 percent of the 
                        amount of contributions received during that 
                        period from individuals residing in the 
                        candidate's State in the aggregate amount of 
                        $100 or less, plus;
                            ``(II) an amount equal to 50 percent of the 
                        amount of contributions received during that 
                        period from individuals residing in the 
                        candidate's State in the aggregate amount of 
                        more than $100 but less than $251, up to 50 
                        percent of the general election expenditure 
                        limit.
    ``(c) Excess Expenditure Amount.--
            ``(1) Determination.--The excess expenditure amount is--
                    ``(A) in the case of a major party candidate, an 
                amount equal to the sum of--
                            ``(i) if the opponent's excess is less than 
                        33\1/3\ percent of the general election 
                        expenditure limit, an amount equal to one-third 
                        of the general election expenditure limit; plus
                            ``(ii) if the opponent's excess equals or 
                        exceeds 33\1/3\ percent but is less than 66\2/
                        3\ percent of the general election expenditure 
                        limit, an amount equal to one-third of the 
                        general election expenditure limit; plus
                            ``(iii) if the opponent's excess equals or 
                        exceeds 66\2/3\ percent of the general election 
                        expenditure limit, an amount equal to one-third 
                        of the general election expenditure limit; and
                    ``(B) in the case of an eligible Senate candidate 
                who is not a major party candidate, an amount equal to 
                the least of--
                            ``(i) the amount of allowable contributions 
                        accepted by the eligible Senate candidate 
                        during the applicable period in excess of the 
                        threshold contribution requirement under 
                        section 502(e);
                            ``(ii) 50 percent of the general election 
                        expenditure limit; or
                            ``(iii) the opponent's excess.
            ``(2) Definition of opponent's excess.--In this subsection, 
        the term `opponent's excess' means the amount by which an 
opponent of an eligible Senate candidate in the general election 
accepts contributions or makes (or obligates to make) expenditures for 
the election in excess of the general election expenditure limit.
    ``(d) Independent Expenditure Amount.--The independent expenditure 
amount is the total amount of independent expenditures made, or 
obligated to be made, during the general election period by 1 or more 
persons in opposition to, or on behalf of an opponent of, an eligible 
Senate candidate that are required to be reported by the persons under 
section 304(c) with respect to the general election period and are 
certified by the Commission under section 304(c).
    ``(e) Waiver of Expenditure and Contribution Limits.--
            ``(1) Recipients of excess expenditure amount payments and 
        independent expenditure amount payments.--
                    ``(A) In general.--An eligible Senate candidate who 
                receives payments under subsection (a)(3) that are 
                allocable to the independent expenditure or excess 
                expenditure amounts described in subsections (c) and 
                (d) may make expenditures from the payments for the 
                general election without regard to the general election 
                expenditure limit.
                    ``(B) Nonmajor party candidates.--In the case of an 
                eligible Senate candidate who is not a major party 
                candidate, the general election expenditure limit shall 
                be increased by the amount (if any) by which the excess 
                opponent expenditure amount exceeds the amount 
                determined under subsection (b)(2)(B) with respect to 
                the candidate.
            ``(2) All benefit recipients.--
                    ``(A) In general.--An eligible Senate candidate who 
                receives benefits under this section may make 
                expenditures for the general election without regard to 
                the personal funds expenditure limit or general 
                election expenditure limit if any 1 of the eligible 
                Senate candidate's opponents who is not an eligible 
                Senate candidate raises an amount of contributions or 
                makes or becomes obligated to make an amount of 
                expenditures for the general election that exceeds 200 
                percent of the general election expenditure limit.
                    ``(B) Limitation.--The amount of the expenditures 
                that may be made by reason of subparagraph (A) shall 
                not exceed 100 percent of the general election 
                expenditure limit.
            ``(3) Acceptance of contribution without regard to section 
        502(c)(1)(b)(iv).--
                    ``(A) A candidate who receives benefits under this 
                section may accept a contribution for the general 
                election without regard to section 502(c)(1)(B)(iv) 
                if--
                            ``(i) a major party candidate in the same 
                        general election is not an eligible Senate 
                        candidate; or
                            ``(ii) any other candidate in the same 
                        general election who is not an eligible Senate 
                        candidate raises an amount of contributions or 
                        makes or becomes obligated to make an amount of 
                        expenditures for the general election that 
                        exceeds 75 percent of the general election 
                        expenditure limit applicable to such other 
                        candidate.
                    ``(B) Limitation.--The amount of contributions that 
                may be received by reason of subparagraph (A) shall not 
                exceed 100 percent of the general election expenditure 
                limit.
    ``(e) Use of Payments.--
            ``(1) Permitted use.--Payments received by an eligible 
        Senate candidate under subsection (a)(3) shall be used to make 
        expenditures with respect to the general election period for 
        the candidate.
            ``(2) Prohibited use.--Payments received by an eligible 
        Senate candidate under subsection (a)(3) shall not be used--
                    ``(A) except as provided in subparagraph (D), to 
                make any payments, directly or indirectly, to the 
                candidate or to any member of the immediate family of 
                the candidate;
                    ``(B) to make any expenditure other than an 
                expenditure to further the general election of the 
                candidate;
                    ``(C) to make an expenditure the making of which 
                constitutes a violation of any law of the United States 
                or of the State in which the expenditure is made; or
                    ``(D) subject to section 315(i), to repay any loan 
                to any person except to the extent that proceeds of the 
                loan were used to further the general election of the 
                candidate.

``SEC. 505. CERTIFICATION BY COMMISSION.

    ``(a) Certification of Status as Eligible Senate Candidate.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Commission shall certify to any 
        candidate meeting the requirements of section 502 that the 
        candidate is an eligible Senate candidate entitled to benefits 
        under this title.
            ``(2) Revocation.--The Commission shall revoke a 
        certification under paragraph (1) if the Commission determines 
        that a candidate fails to continue to meet the requirements of 
        section 502.
    ``(b) Certification of Eligibility To Receive Benefits.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than 7 business days after an 
        eligible Senate candidate files a request with the Secretary of 
        the Senate to receive benefits under section 504, the 
        Commission shall issue a certification stating whether the 
        candidate is eligible for payments under this title and the 
        amount of such payments to which such candidate is entitled.
            ``(2) Contents of request.--A request under paragraph (1) 
        shall--
                    ``(A) contain such information and be made in 
                accordance with such procedures as the Commission may 
                provide by regulation; and
                    ``(B) contain a verification signed by the 
                candidate and the treasurer of the principal campaign 
                committee of the candidate stating that the information 
                furnished in support of the request, to the best of 
                their knowledge, is correct and fully satisfies the 
                requirements of this title.
    ``(c) Determinations by the Commission.--All determinations made by 
the Commission under this title (including certifications under 
subsections (a) and (b)) shall be final and conclusive, except to the 
extent that a determination is subject to examination and audit by the 
Commission under section 506 and judicial review under section 507.

``SEC. 506. EXAMINATIONS AND AUDITS; REPAYMENTS; CIVIL PENALTIES.

    ``(a) Examinations and Audits.--
            ``(1) After a general election.--After each general 
        election, the Commission shall conduct an examination and audit 
        of the campaign accounts of 10 percent of all candidates for 
        the office of United States in which there was an eligible 
        Senate candidate on the ballot, as designated by the Commission 
        through the use of an appropriate statistical method of random 
        selection, to determine whether the candidates have complied 
        with the conditions of eligibility and other requirements of 
        this title. If the Commission selects a candidate, the 
        Commission shall examine and audit the campaign accounts of all 
        other candidates in the general election for the office the 
        selected candidate is seeking.
            ``(2) With reason to believe there may have been a 
        violation.--The Commission may conduct an examination and audit 
        of the campaign accounts of any eligible Senate candidate in a 
        general election if the Commission determines that there exists 
        reason to believe that the eligible Senate candidate may have 
        failed to comply with this title.
    ``(b) Excess Payment.--If the Commission determines any payment was 
made to an eligible Senate candidate under this title in excess of the 
aggregate amounts to which the eligible Senate candidate was entitled, 
the Commission shall notify the eligible Senate candidate, and the 
eligible Senate candidate shall pay an amount equal to the excess.
    ``(c) Revocation of Status.--If the Commission revokes the 
certification of an eligible Senate candidate as an eligible Senate 
candidate under section 505(a)(1), the Commission shall notify the 
eligible Senate candidate, and the eligible Senate candidate shall pay 
an amount equal to the payments received under this title.
    ``(d) Misuse of Benefit.--If the Commission determines that any 
amount of any benefit made available to an eligible Senate candidate 
under this title was not used as provided for in this title, the 
Commission shall notify the eligible Senate candidate, and the eligible 
Senate candidate shall pay the amount of that benefit.
    ``(e) Excess Expenditures.--If the Commission determines that an 
eligible Senate candidate who received benefits under this title made 
expenditures that in the aggregate exceed the primary election 
expenditure, the runoff election expenditure limit, or the general 
election expenditure limit, the Commission shall notify the eligible 
Senate candidate, and the eligible Senate candidate shall pay an amount 
equal to the amount of the excess expenditures.
    ``(f) Civil Penalties.--
            ``(1) Misuse of benefit.--If the Commission determines that 
        an eligible Senate candidate has committed a violation 
        described in subsection (d), the Commission may assess a civil 
        penalty against the eligible Senate candidate in an amount not 
        greater than 200 percent of the amount of the benefit that was 
        misused.
            ``(2) Excess expenditures.--
                    ``(A) Low amount of excess expenditures.--If the 
                Commission determines that an eligible Senate candidate 
                made expenditures that exceeded by 2.5 percent or less 
                the primary election expenditure limit, the runoff 
                election expenditure limit, or the general election 
                expenditure limit, the Commission shall assess a civil 
                penalty against the eligible Senate candidate in an 
                amount equal to the amount of the excess expenditures.
                    ``(B) Medium amount of excess expenditures.--If the 
                Commission determines that an eligible Senate candidate 
                made expenditures that exceeded by more than 2.5 
                percent and less than 5 percent the primary election 
                expenditure limit, the runoff election expenditure 
                limit, or the general election expenditure limit, the 
                Commission shall assess a civil penalty against the 
                eligible Senate candidate in an amount equal to 3 times 
                the amount of the excess expenditures.
                    ``(C) Large amount of excess expenditures.--If the 
                Commission determines that an eligible Senate candidate 
                made expenditures that exceeded by 5 percent or more 
                the primary election expenditure limit, the runoff 
                election expenditure limit, or the general election 
                expenditure limit, the Commission shall assess a civil 
                penalty against the eligible Senate candidate in an 
                amount equal to the sum of 3 times the amount of the 
                excess expenditures plus an additional amount 
                determined by the Commission.
    ``(g) Unexpended Funds.--
            ``(1) Retention for purposes of liquidation of 
        obligations.--An eligible Senate candidate may retain for a 
        period not exceeding 120 days after the date of a general 
        election any unexpended funds received under this title for the 
        liquidation of all obligations to pay expenditures for the 
        general election incurred during the general election period.
            ``(2) Repayment.--At the end of the 120-day period, any 
        unexpended funds received under this title shall be promptly 
        repaid.
    ``(h) Limit on Period for Notification.--No notification shall be 
made by the Commission under this section with respect to an election 
more than 3 years after the date of the election.
    ``(i) Deposits.--The Secretary shall deposit all payments received 
under this section into the Senate Election Campaign Fund.

``SEC. 507. JUDICIAL REVIEW.

    ``(a) Judicial Review.--Any agency action by the Commission under 
this title shall be subject to review by the United States Court of 
Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit upon petition filed in 
that court within 30 days after the date of the agency action.
    ``(b) Application of Title 5, United States Code.--Chapter 7 of 
title 5, United States Code, shall apply to judicial review of any 
agency action by the Commission under this title.
    ``(c) Agency Action.--For purposes of this section, the term 
`agency action' has the meaning given the term in section 551(13) of 
title 5, United States Code.

``SEC. 508. PARTICIPATION BY COMMISSION IN JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS.

    ``(a) Appearances.--The Commission may appear in and defend against 
any action instituted under this section and under section 507 by 
attorneys employed in the office of the Commission or by counsel whom 
it may appoint without regard to the provisions of title 5, United 
States Code, governing appointments in the competitive service, and 
whose compensation it may fix without regard to chapter 51 and 
subchapter III of chapter 53 of that title.
    ``(b) Actions for Recovery of Amount of Benefits.--The Commission, 
by attorneys and counsel described in subsection (a), may bring an 
action in United States district court to recover any amounts 
determined under this title to be payable to any entity that afforded a 
benefit to an eligible Senate candidate under this title.
    ``(c) Action for Injunctive Relief.--The Commission, by attorneys 
and counsel described in subsection (a), may petition the courts of the 
United States for such injunctive relief as is appropriate in order to 
implement any provision of this title.
    ``(d) Appeals.--The Commission, on behalf of the United States, may 
appeal from, and may petition the Supreme Court for certiorari to 
review, any judgment or decree entered with respect to actions in which 
the Commission under this section.

``SEC. 509. REPORTS TO CONGRESS; REGULATIONS.

    ``(a) Reports.--
            ``(1) In general.--As soon as practicable after each 
        general election, the Commission shall submit a full report to 
        the Senate setting forth--
                    ``(A) the expenditures (shown in such detail as the 
                Commission determines to be appropriate) made by each 
                eligible Senate candidate and the authorized committees 
                of the candidate;
                    ``(B) the amounts certified by the Commission under 
                section 505 as benefits available to each eligible 
                Senate candidate;
                    ``(C) the amount of repayments, if any, required 
                under section 506 and the reason why each repayment was 
                required; and
                    ``(D) the balance in the Senate Election Campaign 
                Fund, and the balance in any account maintained by the 
                Fund.
            ``(2) Printing.--Each report under paragraph (1) shall be 
        printed as a Senate document.
    ``(b) Regulations.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Commission may issue such 
        regulations, conduct such examinations and investigations, and 
        require the keeping and submission of such books, records, and 
        information, as the Commission considers necessary to carry out 
        the functions and duties of the Commission under this title.
            ``(2) Statement to Senate.--Not less than 30 days before 
        issuing a regulation under paragraph (1), the Commission shall 
        submit to the Senate a statement setting forth the proposed 
        regulation and containing a detailed explanation and 
        justification for the regulation.

``SEC. 510. PAYMENTS TO ELIGIBLE CANDIDATES.

    ``(a) Senate Election Campaign Fund.--
            ``(1) Establishment of Campaign Fund.-- There is 
        established on the books of the Treasury of the United States a 
        special fund to be known as the `Senate Election Campaign 
        Fund'.
            ``(2) Appropriations.--
                    (A) In general.--There are appropriated to the Fund 
                for each fiscal year, out of amounts in the general 
                fund of the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, 
                amounts equal to--
                            ``(i) any contributions by persons which 
                        are specifically designated as being made to 
                        the Fund;
                            ``(ii) amounts collected under section 
                        506(i); and
                            ``(iii) any other amounts that may be 
                        appropriated to or deposited into the Fund 
                        under this title.
                    ``(B) Transfers.--The Secretary of the Treasury 
                shall, from time to time, transfer to the Fund an 
                amount not in excess of the amounts described in 
                subparagraph (A).
                    ``(C) Fiscal year.--Amounts in the Fund shall 
                remain available without fiscal year limitation.
            ``(3) Use of fund.--Amounts in the Fund shall be available 
        only for the purposes of--
                    ``(A) making payments required under this title; 
                and
                    ``(B) making expenditures in connection with the 
                administration of the Fund.
            ``(4) Fund account.--The Secretary shall maintain such 
        accounts in the Fund as may be required by this title or which 
        the Secretary determines to be necessary to carry out the 
        provisions of this title.
    ``(b) Payments on Certification.--On receipt of a certification 
from the Commission under section 505, except as provided in subsection 
(c), the Secretary shall, subject to the availability of 
appropriations, promptly pay the amount certified by the Commission to 
the candidate out of the Senate Election Campaign Fund.
    ``(c) Insufficient Funds.--
            ``(1) Withholding.--If, at the time of a certification by 
        the Commission under section 505 for payment to an eligible 
        Senate candidate, the Secretary determines that the monies in 
        the Senate Election Campaign Fund are not, or may not be, 
        sufficient to satisfy the full entitlement of all eligible 
        candidates, the Secretary shall withhold from the amount of the 
        payment any amount that the Secretary determines to be 
        necessary to ensure that each eligible Senate candidate will 
        receive the same pro rata share of the candidate's full 
        entitlement.
            ``(2) Subsequent payment.--Amounts withheld under paragraph 
        (1) shall be paid when the Secretary determines that there are 
        sufficient monies in the Senate Election Campaign Fund to pay 
        all or a portion of the funds withheld from all eligible Senate 
        candidates, but, if only a portion is to be paid, the portion 
        shall be paid in such a manner that each eligible candidate 
        receives an equal pro rata share.
            ``(3) Notification of estimated withholding.--
                    ``(A) Advance estimate of available funds and 
                projected costs.--Not later than December 31 of any 
                calendar year preceding a calendar year in which there 
                is a regularly scheduled general election, the 
                Secretary, after consultation with the Commission, 
                shall make an estimate of--
                            ``(i) the amount of funds that will be 
                        available to make payments under this title in 
                        the general election year; and
                            ``(ii) the costs of implementing this title 
                        in the general election year.
                    ``(B) Notification.--If the Secretary determines 
                that there will be insufficient funds under 
                subparagraph (A) for any calendar year, the Secretary 
                shall notify by registered mail each candidate for the 
                Senate on January 1 of that year (or, if later, the 
                date on which an individual becomes such a candidate) 
                of the amount that the Secretary estimates will be the 
                pro rata withholding from each eligible Senate 
                candidate's payments under this subsection.
                    ``(C) Increase in contribution limit.--The amount 
                of an eligible candidate's contribution limit under 
                section 502(c)(1)(B)(iv) shall be increased by the 
                amount of the estimated pro rata withholding under 
                subparagraph (B).
            ``(4) Notification of actual withholding.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall notify the 
                Commission and each eligible Senate candidate by 
registered mail of any actual reduction in the amount of any payment by 
reason of this subsection.
                    ``(B) Greater amount of withholding.--If the amount 
                of a withholding exceeds the amount estimated under 
                paragraph (3), an eligible Senate candidate's 
                contribution limit under section 502(c)(1)(B)(iv) shall 
                be increased by the amount of the excess.''.
    (b) Effective Dates.--
            (1) In general.--Except as provided in this subsection, the 
        amendment made by subsection (a) shall apply to elections 
        occurring after December 31, 1998.
            (2) Applicability to contributions and expenditures.--For 
        purposes of any expenditure or contribution limit imposed by 
        the amendment made by subsection (b)--
                    (A) no expenditure made before January 1, 1999, 
                shall be taken into account, except that there shall be 
                taken into account any such expenditure for goods or 
                services to be provided after that date; and
                    (B) all cash, cash items, and Government securities 
                on hand as of January 1, 1999, shall be taken into 
                account in determining whether the contribution limit 
                is met, except that there shall not be taken into 
                account amounts used during the 60-day period beginning 
                on January 1, 1999, to pay for expenditures that were 
                incurred (but unpaid) before that date.
    (c) Effect of Invalidity on Other Provisions of Title.--If section 
502, 503, or 504 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (as added 
by subsection (a)) or any part of those sections is held to be invalid, 
this Act and all amendments made by this Act shall be treated as 
invalid.
    (d) Provisions To Facilitate Voluntary Contributions to Senate 
Election Campaign Fund.--
            (1) General rule.--Part VIII of subchapter A of chapter 61 
        of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to returns and 
        records) is amended by adding at the end the following:

   ``Subpart B--Designation of Additional Amounts to Senate Election 
                             Campaign Fund

                              ``Sec. 6097. Designation of additional 
                                        amounts.

``SEC. 6097. DESIGNATION OF ADDITIONAL AMOUNTS.

    ``(a) General Rule.--Every individual (other than a nonresident 
alien) who files an income tax return for any taxable year may 
designate an additional amount equal to $5 ($10 in the case of a joint 
return) to be paid over to the Senate Election Campaign Fund.
    ``(b) Manner and Time of Designation.--A designation under 
subsection (a) may be made for any taxable year only at the time of 
filing the income tax return for the taxable year. Such designation 
shall be made on the page bearing the taxpayer's signature.
    ``(c) Treatment of Additional Amounts.--Any additional amount 
designated under subsection (a) for any taxable year shall, for all 
purposes of law, be treated as an additional income tax imposed by 
chapter 1 for such taxable year.
    ``(d) Income Tax Return.--For purposes of this section, the term 
`income tax return' means the return of the tax imposed by chapter 
1.''.
            (2) Conforming amendments.--(A) Part VIII of subchapter A 
        of chapter 61 of such Code is amended by striking the heading 
        and inserting:

     ``PART VIII--DESIGNATION OF AMOUNTS TO ELECTION CAMPAIGN FUNDS

                              ``Subpart A. Presidential Election 
                                        Campaign Fund.
                              ``Subpart B. Designation of additional 
                                        amounts to Senate Election 
                                        Campaign Fund.

          ``Subpart A--Presidential Election Campaign Fund''.

            (B) The table of parts for subchapter A of chapter 61 of 
        such Code is amended by striking the item relating to part VIII 
        and inserting:

                              ``Part VIII. Designation of amounts to 
                                        election campaign funds.''
            (3) Effective date.--The amendments made by this section 
        shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1998.

SEC. 102. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEES.

    (a) Limitations on Multicandidate Political Committee Contributions 
to Candidates.--Section 315(a)(2) of the Federal Election Campaign Act 
of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 441a(a)(2)) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``(2) No multicandidate'' and inserting the 
        following:
            ``(2) Multicandidate political committees.--
                    ``(A) In general.--No multicandidate'';
            (2) in subparagraph (A) by striking ``$5,000'' and 
        inserting ``$1,000'';
            (3) by redesignating subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C) as 
        clauses (i), (ii), and (iii), respectively; and
            (4) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(B) Contributions to candidates.-- 
                Notwithstanding subparagraph (A)(i) it shall be 
                unlawful for a multicandidate political committee to 
                make a contribution to a candidate for election, or 
                nomination for election, to the Senate or an authorized 
                committee of a Senate candidate, or for a Senate 
                candidate to accept a contribution, to the extent that 
                the making or accepting of the contribution would cause 
                the amount of contributions received by the candidate 
                and the candidate's authorized committees from 
                multicandidate political committees to exceed the 
                lesser of--
                            ``(i) $825,000; or
                            ``(ii) 20 percent of the primary election 
                        expenditure limit, runoff election expenditure 
                        limit, or general election expenditure limit 
                        (as those terms are defined in section 501) 
                        that is applicable (or, if the candidate were 
                        an eligible Senate candidate (as defined in 
                        section 501) would be applicable) to the 
                        candidate.''.
            (b) Indexing.--The $825,000 amount under subparagraph (B) 
        shall be increased as of the beginning of each calendar year 
        based on the increase in the price index determined under 
        section 315(c) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 
        U.S.C. 441a(c)), except that for purposes of subparagraph (B), 
        the base period shall be the calendar year 1996.
            (c) Return of excess.--A candidate or authorized committee 
        that receives a contribution from a multicandidate political 
        committee in excess of the amount allowed under subparagraph 
        (B) shall return the amount of the excess contribution to the 
        contributor.
    (d) Limitations on Multicandidate Committee Contributions to 
Political Committees.--Paragraphs (1)(C) and (2)(A)(iii) of section 
315(a) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 441a(a)), 
as amended by subsection (a), are amended by striking ``$5,000'' and 
inserting ``$1,000''.
    (e) Effective Dates.--
            (1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), the 
        amendments made by this section shall apply to elections (and 
        the election cycles relating thereto) occurring after December 
        31, 1998.
            (2) Applicability.--In applying the amendments made by this 
        section, there shall not be taken into account--
                    (A) a contribution made or received before January 
                1, 1999; or
                    (B) a contribution made to, or received by, a 
                candidate on or after January 1, 1999, to the extent 
                that the aggregate amount of such contributions made to 
                or received by the candidate is not greater than the 
                excess (if any) of--
                            (i) the aggregate amount of such 
                        contributions made to or received by any 
                        opponent of the candidate before January 1, 
                        1999; over
                            (ii) the aggregate amount of such 
                        contributions made to or received by the 
                        candidate before January 1, 1999.

SEC. 103. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.

    Title III of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 
431 et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 304 the following:

``SEC. 304A. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS FOR SENATE CANDIDATES.

    ``(a) Meanings of Terms.--Any term used in this section that is 
used in title V shall have the same meaning as when used in title V.
    ``(b) Candidate Other Than Eligible Senate Candidate.--
            ``(1) Declaration of intent.--A candidate for the office of 
        Senator who does not file a certification with the Secretary of 
        the Senate under section 502(c) shall, at the time provided in 
        section 502(c)(2), file with the Secretary of the Senate a 
        declaration as to whether the candidate intends to make 
        expenditures for the general election in excess of the general 
        election expenditure limit.
            ``(2) Reports.--
                    ``(A) Initial report.--A candidate for the Senate 
                who qualifies for the ballot for a general election--
                            ``(i) who is not an eligible Senate 
                        candidate under section 502; and
                            ``(ii) who receives contributions in an 
                        aggregate amount or makes or obligates to make 
                        expenditures in an aggregate amount for the 
                        general election that exceeds 75 percent of the 
                        general election expenditure limit;
                shall file a report with the Secretary of the Senate 
                within 24 hours after aggregate contributions have been 
                received or aggregate expenditures have been made or 
                obligated to be made in that amount (or, if later, 
                within 24 hours after the date of qualification for the 
                general election ballot), setting forth the candidate's 
                aggregate amount of contributions received and 
                aggregate amount of expenditures made or obligated to 
                be made for the election as of the date of the report.
                    ``(B) Additional reports.--After an initial report 
                is filed under subparagraph (A), the candidate shall 
                file additional reports (until the amount of such 
                contributions or expenditures exceeds 200 percent of 
                the general election expenditure limit) with the 
                Secretary of the Senate within 24 hours after each time 
                additional contributions are received, or expenditures 
                are made or are obligated to be made, that in the 
                aggregate exceed an amount equal to 10 percent of the 
                general election expenditure limit and after the 
                aggregate amount of contributions or expenditures 
                exceeds 133\1/3\, 166\2/3\, and 200 percent of the 
                general election expenditure limit.
            ``(3) Notification of other candidates.--The Commission--
                    ``(A) shall, within 24 hours after receipt of a 
                declaration or report under paragraph (1) or (2), 
                notify each eligible Senate candidate of the filing of 
                the declaration or report; and
                    ``(B) if an opposing candidate has received 
                aggregate contributions, or made or obligated to make 
                aggregate expenditures, in excess of the general 
                election expenditure limit, shall certify, under 
                subsection (e), the eligibility for payment of any 
                amount to which an eligible Senate candidate in the 
                general election is entitled under section 504(a).
            ``(4) Action by the commission absent report.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Notwithstanding the reporting 
                requirements under this subsection, the Commission may 
                make its own determination that a candidate in a 
                general election who is not an eligible Senate 
                candidate has raised aggregate contributions, or made 
                or has obligated to make aggregate expenditures, in the 
                amounts that would require a report under paragraph 
                (2).
                    ``(B) Notification of eligible senate candidates.--
                The Commission shall--
                            ``(i) within 24 hours after making a 
                        determination under subparagraph (A), notify 
                        each eligible Senate candidate in the general 
                        election of the making of the determination; 
                        and
                            ``(ii) when the aggregate amount of 
                        contributions or expenditures exceeds the 
                        general election expenditure limit, certify 
                        under subsection (e) an eligible Senate 
                        candidate's eligibility for payment of any 
                        amount under section 504(a).
    ``(c) Reports on Personal Funds.--
            ``(1) Filing.--A candidate for the Senate who, during an 
        election cycle, expends more than the personal funds 
        expenditure limit during the election cycle shall file a report 
        with the Secretary of the Senate within 24 hours after 
        expenditures have been made or loans incurred in excess of the 
        personal funds expenditure limit.
            ``(2) Notification of eligible senate candidates.--Within 
        24 hours after a report has been filed under paragraph (1), the 
        Commission shall notify each eligible Senate candidate in the 
        general election of the filing of the report.
            ``(3) Action by the commission absent report.--
                    ``(A) In General.--Notwithstanding the reporting 
                requirements under this subsection, the Commission may 
                make its own determination that a candidate for the 
                Senate has made expenditures in excess of the amount 
                under paragraph (1).
                    ``(B) Notification of eligible senate candidates.--
                Within 24 hours after making a determination under 
                subparagraph (A), the Commission shall notify each 
                eligible Senate candidate in the general election of 
                the making of the determination.
    ``(d) Candidates for Other Offices.--
            ``(1) Filing.--Each individual--
                    ``(A) who becomes a candidate for the office of 
                United States Senator;
                    ``(B) who, during the election cycle for that 
                office, held any other Federal, State, or local office 
                or was a candidate for any such office; and
                    ``(C) who expended any amount during the election 
                cycle before becoming a candidate for the office of 
                United States Senator that would have been treated as 
                an expenditure if the individual had been such a 
                candidate (including amounts for activities to promote 
                the image or name recognition of the individual);
        shall, within 7 days after becoming a candidate for the office 
        of United States Senator, report to the Secretary of the Senate 
        the amount and nature of such expenditures.
            ``(2) Applicability.--Paragraph (1) shall not apply to any 
        expenditures in connection with a Federal, State, or local 
        election that has been held before the individual becomes a 
        candidate for the office of United States Senator.
            ``(3) Determination.--The Commission shall, as soon as 
        practicable, make a determination as to whether any amounts 
        reported under paragraph (1) were made for purposes of 
        influencing the election of the individual to the office of 
        Senator.
    ``(e) Basis of Certifications.--Notwithstanding section 505(a), the 
certification required by this section shall be made by the Commission 
on the basis of reports filed in accordance with this Act or on the 
basis of the Commission's own investigation or determination.
    ``(f) Copies of Reports and Public Inspection.--The Secretary of 
the Senate shall--
            ``(1) transmit a copy of any report or filing received 
        under this section or under title V (whenever a 24 hour 
        response is required of the Commission) as soon as possible 
        (but not later than 4 working hours of the Commission) after 
        receipt of the report or filing;
            ``(2) make the report or filing available for public 
        inspection and copying in the same manner as the Commission 
        under section 311(a)(4); and
            ``(3) preserve the reports and filings in the same manner 
        as the Commission under section 311(a)(5).''.

SEC. 104. DISCLOSURE BY CANDIDATES OTHER THAN ELIGIBLE SENATE 
              CANDIDATES.

    Section 318 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 
441d) (as amended by section 133) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
    ``(f) Disclosure by Candidates Other Than Eligible Senate 
Candidates.--A broadcast, cablecast, or other communication that is 
paid for or authorized by a candidate in the general election for the 
office of United States Senator who is not an eligible Senate 
candidate, or the authorized committee of such a candidate, shall 
contain the following sentence: `This candidate has not agreed to 
voluntary campaign spending limits.'.''.

                     Subtitle B--General Provisions

SEC. 131. BROADCAST RATES AND PREEMPTION.

    (a) Broadcast Rates.--Section 315(b) of the Communications Act of 
1934 (47 U.S.C. 315(b)) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``(b) The charges'' and inserting the 
        following:
    ``(b) Broadcast Media Rates.--
            ``(1) In general.--The charges'';
            (2) by redesignating paragraphs (1) and (2) as 
        subparagraphs (A) and (B), respectively, and adjusting the 
        margins accordingly;
            (3) in paragraph (1)(A) (as redesignated by paragraph 
        (2))--
                    (A) by striking ``forty-five'' and inserting 
                ``30'';
                    (B) by striking ``sixty'' and inserting ``45''; and
                    (C) by striking ``lowest unit charge of the station 
                for the same class and amount of time for the same 
                period'' and inserting ``lowest charge of the station 
                for the same amount of time for the same period on the 
                same date''; and
            (4) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) Eligible senate candidates.--In the case of an 
        eligible Senate candidate (as described in section 501 of the 
        Federal Election Campaign Act), the charges for the use of a 
        television broadcasting station during the general election 
        period (as defined in section 301 of that Act) shall not exceed 
50 percent of the lowest charge described in paragraph (1)(A).
    (b) Preemption; Access.--Section 315 of the Communications Act of 
1947 (47 U.S.C. 315) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsections (c) and (d) as subsections 
        (e) and (f), respectively; and
            (2) by inserting after subsection (b) the following:
    ``(c) Preemption.--
            ``(1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), a 
        licensee shall not preempt the use, during any period specified 
        in subsection (b)(1), of a broadcasting station by a legally 
        qualified candidate for public office who has purchased and 
        paid for such use pursuant to subsection (b)(1).
            ``(2) Circumstances beyond control of licensee.--If a 
        program to be broadcast by a broadcasting station is preempted 
        because of circumstances beyond the control of the broadcasting 
        station, any candidate advertising spot scheduled to be 
        broadcast during that program may also be preempted.''.
    ``(d) Time for Legally Qualified Senate Candidates.--In the case of 
a legally qualified candidate for the United States Senate, a licensee 
shall provide broadcast time without regard to the rates charged for 
the time.''.

SEC. 132. EXTENSION OF REDUCED THIRD-CLASS MAILING RATES TO ELIGIBLE 
              SENATE CANDIDATES.

    Section 3626(e) of title 39, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (2)(A)--
                    (A) by striking ``and the National'' and inserting 
                ``the National''; and
                    (B) by striking ``Committee;'' and inserting 
                ``Committee, and, subject to paragraph (3), the 
                principal campaign committee of an eligible House of 
                Representatives or Senate candidate;'';
            (2) in paragraph (2)(B), by striking ``and'' after the 
        semicolon;
            (3) in paragraph (2)(C), by striking the period and 
        inserting ``; and'';
            (4) by adding after paragraph (2)(C) the following new 
        subparagraph:
            ``(D) The terms `eligible Senate candidate' and `principal 
        campaign committee' have the meanings given those terms in 
        section 301 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971.''; 
        and
            (5) by adding after paragraph (2) the following paragraph:
    ``(3) The rate made available under this subsection with respect to 
an eligible Senate candidate shall apply only to--
            ``(A) the general election period (as defined in section 
        301 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971); and
            ``(B) that number of pieces of mail equal to the number of 
        individuals in the voting age population (as certified under 
        section 315(e) of such Act) of the congressional district or 
        State, whichever is applicable.''.

SEC. 133. CAMPAIGN ADVERTISING AMENDMENTS.

    Section 318 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 
441d) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) by striking ``Whenever'' and inserting the 
                following:
    ``(a) Disclosure.--When a political committee makes a disbursement 
for the purpose of financing any communication through any broadcasting 
station, newspaper, magazine, outdoor advertising facility, mailing, or 
any other type of general public political advertising, or when'';
                    (B) by striking ``an expenditure'' and inserting 
                ``a disbursement'';
                    (C) by striking ``direct''; and
                    (D) in paragraph (3), by inserting ``and permanent 
                street address'' after ``name'';
            (2) in subsection (b), by inserting ``Same Charge as Charge 
        for Comparable Use.--'' before ``No''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(c) Requirements for Printed Communications.--A printed 
communication described in subsection (a) shall be--
            ``(1) of sufficient type size to be clearly readable by the 
        recipient of the communication;
            ``(2) contained in a printed box set apart from the other 
        contents of the communication; and
            ``(3) consist of a reasonable degree of color contrast 
        between the background and the printed statement.
    ``(d) Requirements for Broadcast and Cablecast Communications.--
            ``(1) Paid for or authorized by the candidate.--
                    ``(A) In general.--A broadcast or cablecast 
                communication described in paragraph (1) or (2) of 
                subsection (a) shall include, in addition to the 
                requirements of those paragraphs, an audio statement by 
                the candidate that identifies the candidate and states 
                that the candidate has approved the communication.
                    ``(B) Televised communications.--A broadcast or 
                cablecast communication described in paragraph (1) that 
                is broadcast or cablecast by means of television shall 
                include, in addition to the audio statement under 
                subparagraph (A), a written statement--
                            ``(i) that states: `I [name of candidate] 
                        am a candidate for [the office the candidate is 
                        seeking], and I have approved this message';
                            ``(ii) that appears at the end of the 
                        communication in a clearly readable manner with 
                        a reasonable degree of color contrast between 
                        the background and the printed statement, for a 
                        period of at least 4 seconds; and
                            ``(iii) that is accompanied by a clearly 
                        identifiable photographic or similar image of 
                        the candidate.
            ``(2) Not paid for or authorized by the candidate.--A 
        broadcast or cablecast communication described in subsection 
        (a)(3) shall include, in addition to the requirements of that 
        paragraph, in a clearly spoken manner, the statement--
            ```____________________ is responsible for the content of 
        this advertisement.'
        with the blank to be filled in with the name of the political 
        committee or other person paying for the communication and the 
        name of any connected organization of the payor; and, if the 
        communication is broadcast or cablecast by means of television, 
        the statement shall also appear in a clearly readable manner 
        with a reasonable degree of color contrast between the 
        background and the printed statement, for a period of at least 
        4 seconds.''.

SEC. 134. DEFINITIONS.

    (a) In General.--Section 301 of the Federal Election Campaign Act 
of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 431) is amended by striking paragraph (19) and 
inserting the following:
            ``(19) The term `general election'--
                    ``(A) means an election that will directly result 
                in the election of a person to a Federal office; but
                    ``(B) does not include an open primary election.
            ``(20) The term `general election period' means, with 
        respect to a candidate, the period beginning on the day after 
        the date of the primary or runoff election for the specific 
        office that the candidate is seeking, whichever is later, and 
        ending on the earlier of--
                    ``(A) the date of the general election; or
                    ``(B) the date on which the candidate withdraws 
                from the campaign or otherwise ceases actively to seek 
                election.
            ``(21) The term `immediate family' means--
                    ``(A) a candidate's spouse;
                    ``(B) a child, stepchild, parent, grandparent, 
                brother, half-brother, sister, or half-sister of the 
                candidate or the candidate's spouse; and
                    ``(C) the spouse of any person described in 
                subparagraph (B).
            ``(22) The term `major party' has the meaning given the 
        term in section 9002(6) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, 
        except that if a candidate qualified under State law for the 
        ballot in a general election in an open primary in which all 
        the candidates for the office participated and which resulted 
        in the candidate and at least 1 other candidate's qualifying 
        for the ballot in the general election, the candidate shall be 
        treated as a candidate of a major party for purposes of title 
        V.
            ``(23) The term `primary election' means an election that 
        may result in the selection of a candidate for the ballot in a 
        general election for a Federal office.
            ``(24) The term `primary election period' means, with 
        respect to a candidate, the period beginning on the day 
        following the date of the last election for the specific office 
        that the candidate is seeking and ending on the earlier of--
                    ``(A) the date of the first primary election for 
                that office following the last general election for 
                that office; or
                    ``(B) the date on which the candidate withdraws 
                from the election or otherwise ceases actively to seek 
                election.
            ``(25) The term `runoff election' means an election held 
        after a primary election that is prescribed by applicable State 
        law as the means for deciding which candidate will be on the 
        ballot in the general election for a Federal office.
            ``(26) The term `runoff election period' means, with 
        respect to any candidate, the period beginning on the day 
        following the date of the last primary election for the 
        specific office that the candidate is seeking and ending on the 
        date of the runoff election for that office.
            ``(27) The term `voting age population' means the number of 
        residents of a State who are 18 years of age or older, as 
        certified under section 315(e).
            ``(28) The term `election cycle' means--
                    ``(A) in the case of a candidate or the authorized 
                committees of a candidate, the period beginning on the 
                day after the date of the most recent general election 
                for the specific office or seat that the candidate is 
                seeking and ending on the date of the next general 
                election for that office or seat; and
                    ``(B) in the case of all other persons, the period 
                beginning on the first day following the date of the 
                last general election and ending on the date of the 
                next general election.''.
            ``(29) The term `lobbyist' means--
                    ``(A) a person required to register under the 
                Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995 (2 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.) 
                or the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938 (22 
                U.S.C. 611 et seq.); and
                    ``(B) a person who receives compensation in return 
                for having contact with Congress on any legislative 
                matter.''.
    (b) Identification.--Section 301(13) of the Federal Election 
Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 431(13)) is amended by striking 
``mailing address'' and inserting ``permanent residence address''.

SEC. 135. PROVISIONS RELATING TO FRANKED MASS MAILINGS.

    (a) Mass Mailings of Senators.--Section 3210(a)(6) of title 39, 
United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``It is the intent of 
        Congress that a Member of, or a Member-elect to, Congress'' and 
        inserting ``A Member of, or Member-elect to, the House''; and
            (2) in subparagraph (C)--
                    (A) by striking ``if such mass mailing is 
                postmarked fewer than 60 days immediately before the 
                date'' and inserting ``if such mass mailing is 
                postmarked during the calendar year''; and
                    (B) by inserting ``or reelection'' before the 
                period.
    (b) Mass Mailings of House Members.--Section 3210 of title 39, 
United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(7) by striking ``, except that--'' 
        and all that follows through the end of subparagraph (B) and 
        inserting a period; and
            (2)insubsection(d)(1)bystriking``delivery--''
        and all that follows through the end of subparagraph (B) and 
        inserting ``delivery within that area constituting the 
        congressional district or State from which the Member was 
        elected.''.
    (c) Prohibition on Use of Official Funds.--The Committee on House 
Administration of the House of Representatives may not approve any 
payment, nor may a Member of the House of Representatives make any 
expenditure from, any allowance of the House of Representatives or any 
other official funds if any portion of the payment or expenditure is 
for any cost related to a mass mailing by a Member of the House of 
Representatives outside the congressional district of the Member.

                   TITLE II--INDEPENDENT EXPENDITURES

SEC. 201. DEFINITIONS.

    (a) Independent Expenditure; Express Advocacy.--Section 301 of the 
Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 431) is amended by 
striking paragraphs (17) and (18) and inserting the following:
            ``(17) Independent expenditure.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The term `independent 
                expenditure' means an expenditure for an advertisement 
                or other communication that--
                            ``(i) contains express advocacy; and
                            ``(ii) is made without the participation or 
                        cooperation of, or without the consultation of, 
                        a candidate or a candidate's representative.
                    ``(B) Exclusions.--The term `independent 
                expenditure' does not include the following:
                            ``(i) An expenditure made by--
                                    ``(I) an authorized committee of a 
                                candidate; or
                                    ``(II) a political committee of a 
                                political party.
                            ``(ii) An expenditure if there is any 
                        arrangement, coordination, or direction with 
                        respect to the expenditure between the 
                        candidate or the candidate's representative and 
                        the person making the expenditure.
                            ``(iii) An expenditure if, in the same 
                        election cycle, the person making the 
                        expenditure--
                                    ``(I) is or has been authorized to 
                                raise or expend funds on behalf of the 
                                candidate or the candidate's authorized 
                                committees; or
                                    ``(II) is serving or has served as 
                                a member, employee, or agent of the 
                                candidate's authorized committees in an 
                                executive or policymaking position.
                            ``(iv) An expenditure if the person making 
                        the expenditure has played a significant role 
                        in advising or counseling the candidate or the 
                        candidate's agents at any time on the 
                        candidate's plans, projects, or needs relating 
                        to the candidate's pursuit of nomination for 
                        election, or election, to Federal office, in 
                        the same election cycle, including any advice 
                        relating to the candidate's decision to seek 
                        Federal office.
                            ``(v) An expenditure if the person making 
                        the expenditure retains the professional 
                        services of any individual or other person also 
                        providing services in the same election cycle 
                        to the candidate in connection with the 
                        candidate's pursuit of nomination for election, 
                        or election, to Federal office, including any 
services relating to the candidate's decision to seek Federal office.
                    ``(C) Definitions.--For purposes of subparagraph 
                (B)--
                            ``(i) the person making the expenditure 
                        includes any officer, director, employee, or 
                        agent of a person; and
                            ``(ii) the term `professional service' 
                        includes any service (other than legal and 
                        accounting services for purposes of ensuring 
                        compliance with this title) in support of a 
                        candidate's pursuit of nomination for election, 
                        or election, to Federal office.
            ``(18) Express advocacy.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The term `express advocacy' 
                means a communication that is taken as a whole and with 
                limited reference to external events, makes an 
                expression of support for or opposition to a specific 
                candidate, to a specific group of candidates, or to 
                candidates of a particular political party.
                    ``(B) Expression of support for or opposition to.--
                In subparagraph (A), the term `expression of support 
                for or opposition to' includes a suggestion to take 
                action with respect to an election, such as to vote for 
                or against, make contributions to, or participate in 
                campaign activity, or to refrain from taking action.''.
                    ``(C) Voting records.--The term `express advocacy' 
                does not include the publication and distribution of a 
                communication that is limited to providing information 
                about votes by elected officials on legislative matters 
                and that does not expressly advocate the election or 
                defeat of a clearly identified candidate.''.
    (b) Contribution Definition Amendment.--Section 301(8)(A) of the 
Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 431(8)(A)) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``or'' at the end of clause (i);
            (2) by striking the period at the end of clause (ii) and 
        inserting ``; or''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(iii) any payment or other transaction 
                        referred to in paragraph (17)(A)(i) that is 
                        excluded from the meaning of `independent 
                        expenditure' under paragraph (17)(B).''.

SEC. 202. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS FOR CERTAIN INDEPENDENT EXPENDITURES.

    (a) In General.--Section 304 of the Federal Election Campaign Act 
of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 434) is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(d) Time for Reporting Certain Expenditures.--
            ``(1) Expenditures aggregating $1,000.--
                    ``(A) Initial report.--A person (including a 
                political committee) that makes independent 
                expenditures aggregating $1,000 or more after the 20th 
                day, but more than 24 hours, before an election shall 
                file a report describing the expenditures within 24 
                hours after that amount of independent expenditures has 
                been made.
                    ``(B) Additional reports.--After a person files a 
                report under subparagraph (A), the person filing the 
                report shall file an additional report each time that 
                independent expenditures aggregating an additional 
                $1,000 are made with respect to the same election as 
                that to which the initial report relates.
            ``(2) Expenditures aggregating $10,000.--
                    ``(A) Initial report.--A person (including a 
                political committee) that makes independent 
                expenditures aggregating $10,000 or more at any time up 
                to and including the 20th day before an election shall 
                file a report describing the expenditures within 48 
                hours that amount of independent expenditures has been 
                made.
                    ``(B) Additional reports.--After a person files a 
                report under subparagraph (A), the person filing the 
                report shall file an additional report each time that 
                independent expenditures aggregating an additional 
                $10,000 are made with respect to the same election as 
                that to which the initial report relates.
            ``(3) Place of filing; contents; transmittal.--
                    ``(A) Place of filing; contents.--A report under 
                this subsection--
                            ``(i) shall be filed with the Commission; 
                        and
                            ``(ii) shall contain the information 
                        required by subsection (b)(6)(B)(iii), 
                        including whether each independent expenditure 
                        was made in support of, or in opposition to, a 
                        candidate.
                    ``(B) Transmittal to candidates.--In the case of an 
                election for United States Senator, not later than 48 
                hours after receipt of a report under this subsection, 
the Commission shall transmit a copy of the report to each eligible 
candidate seeking nomination for election to, or election to, the 
office in question.
            ``(4) Obligation to make expenditure.--For purposes of this 
        subsection, an expenditure shall be treated as being made when 
        it is made or obligated to be made.
            ``(5) Determinations by the Commission.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Commission may, upon a 
                request of a candidate or on its own initiative, make 
                its own determination that a person, including a 
                political committee, has made, or has incurred 
                obligations to make, independent expenditures with 
                respect to any candidate in any Federal election that 
                in the aggregate exceed the applicable amounts under 
                paragraph (1) or (2).
                    ``(B) Notification.--In the case of a United States 
                Senator, the Commission shall notify each candidate in 
                the election of the making of the determination within 
                2 business days after making the determination.
                    ``(C) Time to comply with request for 
                determination.--A determination made at the request of 
                a candidate shall be made with 48 hours of the request.
            ``(6) Notification of an allowable increase in independent 
        expenditure limit.--When independent expenditures totaling in 
        the aggregate $10,000 have been made in the same election in 
        favor of another candidate or against an eligible Senate 
        candidate, the Commission shall, within 2 business days, notify 
        the eligible candidate that such candidate is entitled to an 
        increase under section 503(e) in the candidate's applicable 
        election limit in an amount equal to the amount of such 
        independent expenditures.''.

                        TITLE III--EXPENDITURES

                   Subtitle A--Personal Funds; Credit

SEC. 301. CONTRIBUTIONS AND LOANS FROM PERSONAL FUNDS.

    Section 315 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 
441a) is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(i) Limitations on Repayment of Loans and Return of Contributions 
From Personal Funds.--
            ``(1) Repayment of loans.--If a candidate or a member of 
        the candidate's immediate family made a loan to the candidate 
        or to the candidate's authorized committees during an election 
        cycle, no contribution received after the date of the general 
        election for the election cycle may be used to repay the loan.
            ``(2) Return of contributions.--No contribution by a 
        candidate or member of the candidate's immediate family may be 
        returned to the candidate or member other than as part of a pro 
        rata distribution of excess contributions to all 
        contributors.''.

SEC. 302. EXTENSIONS OF CREDIT.

    Section 301(8)(A) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 
U.S.C. 431(8)(A)), as amended by section 201(b), is amended--
            (1) by striking ``or'' at the end of clause (ii);
            (2) by striking the period at the end of clause (iii) and 
        inserting ``; or''; and
            (3) by inserting at the end the following:
                            ``(iv) with respect to a candidate and the 
                        candidate's authorized committees, any 
                        extension of credit for goods or services 
                        relating to advertising on a broadcasting 
                        station, in a newspaper or magazine, or by a 
                        mailing, or relating to other similar types of 
general public political advertising, if the extension of credit is--
                                    ``(I) in an amount greater than 
                                $1,000; and
                                    ``(II) for a period greater than 
                                the period, not in excess of 60 days, 
                                for which credit is generally extended 
                                in the normal course of business after 
                                the date on which the goods or services 
                                are furnished or the date of a 
                                mailing.''.

          Subtitle B--Soft Money of Political Party Committees

SEC. 311. SOFT MONEY OF POLITICAL PARTY COMMITTEES.

    (a) Soft Money of Committees of Political Parties.--Title III of 
the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 431 et seq.) is 
amended by adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 324. SOFT MONEY OF POLITICAL PARTY COMMITTEES.

    ``(a) National Committees.--A national committee of a political 
party and the congressional campaign committees of a political party 
(including a national congressional campaign committee of a political 
party, an entity that is established, financed, maintained, or 
controlled by the national committee, a national congressional campaign 
committee of a political party, and an officer or agent of any such 
party or entity but not including an entity regulated under subsection 
(b)) shall not solicit or accept an amount or spend any funds, or 
solicit or accept a transfer from another political committee, that is 
not subject to the limitations, prohibitions, and reporting 
requirements of this Act.
    ``(b) State, District, and Local Committees.--
            ``(1) In general.--Any amount that is expended or disbursed 
        by a State, district, or local committee of a political party 
        (including an entity that is established, financed, maintained, 
        or controlled by a State, district, or local committee of a 
        political party and an agent or officer of any such committee 
        or entity) during a calendar year in which a Federal election 
        is held, for any activity that might affect the outcome of a 
        Federal election, including any voter registration or get-out-
        the-vote activity, any generic campaign activity, and any 
        communication that identifies a candidate (regardless of 
        whether a candidate for State or local office is also mentioned 
        or identified) shall be made from funds subject to the 
        limitations, prohibitions, and reporting requirements of this 
        Act.
            ``(2) Activity excluded from paragraph (1).--
                    ``(A) In general.--Paragraph (1) shall not apply to 
                an expenditure or disbursement made by a State, 
                district, or local committee of a political party for--
                            ``(i) a contribution to a candidate for 
                        State or local office if the contribution is 
                        not designated or otherwise earmarked to pay 
                        for an activity described in paragraph (1);
                            ``(ii) the costs of a State, district, or 
                        local political convention;
                            ``(iii) the non-Federal share of a State, 
                        district, or local party committee's 
                        administrative and overhead expenses (but not 
                        including the compensation in any month of any 
                        individual who spends more than 20 percent of 
                        the individual's time on activity during the 
                        month that may affect the outcome of a Federal 
                        election) except that for purposes of this 
                        paragraph, the non-Federal share of a party 
                        committee's administrative and overhead 
                        expenses shall be determined by applying the 
                        ratio of the non-Federal disbursements to the 
total Federal expenditures and non-Federal disbursements made by the 
committee during the previous presidential election year to the 
committee's administrative and overhead expenses in the election year 
in question;
                            ``(iv) the costs of grassroots campaign 
                        materials, including buttons, bumper stickers, 
                        and yard signs that name or depict only a 
                        candidate for State or local office; and
                            (v) the cost of any campaign activity 
                        conducted solely on behalf of a clearly 
                        identified candidate for State or local office, 
                        if the candidate activity is not an activity 
                        described in paragraph (1).
                    ``(B) Fundraising costs.--Any amount spent by a 
                national, State, district, or local committee, by an 
                entity that is established, financed, maintained or 
                controlled by a State, district, or local committee of 
                a political party, or by an agent or officer of any 
                such committee or entity to raise funds that are used, 
                in whole or in part, in connection with an activity 
                described in paragraph (1) shall be made from funds 
                subject to the limitations, prohibitions, and reporting 
                requirements of this Act.
    ``(c) Tax-exempt organizations.--No national, State, district, or 
local committee of a political party shall solicit any funds for or 
make any donations to an organization that is exempt from Federal 
taxation under section 501(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.
    ``(d) Candidates.--
            ``(1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), no 
        candidate, individual holding Federal office, or agent of a 
        candidate or individual holding Federal office may--
                    ``(A) solicit or receive funds in connection with 
                an election for Federal office unless the funds are 
                subject to the limitations, prohibitions, and reporting 
                requirements of this Act; or
                    ``(B) solicit or receive funds that are to be 
                expended in connection with any election for other than 
                a Federal election unless the funds--
                            ``(i) are not in excess of the amounts 
                        permitted with respect to contributions to 
                        candidates and political committees under 
                        section 315(a) (1) and (2); and
                            ``(ii) are not from sources prohibited by 
                        this Act from making contributions with respect 
                        to an election for Federal office.
            ``(2) Exception.--Paragraph (1) does not apply to the 
        solicitation or receipt of funds by an individual who is a 
        candidate for a State or local office if the solicitation or 
        receipt of funds is permitted under State law for the 
        individual's State or local campaign committee.''.

SEC. 312. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.

    (a) Reporting Requirements.--Section 304 of the Federal Election 
Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 434) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
    ``(d) Political Committees.--
            ``(1) National and congressional political committees.--The 
        national committee of a political party, a congressional 
        campaign committee of a political party, and any subordinate 
        committee of a national committee or congressional campaign 
        committee of a political party, shall report all receipts and 
        disbursements during the reporting period, whether or not in 
        connection with an election for Federal office.
            ``(2) Other political committees to which section 324 
        applies.--A political committee (not described in paragraph 
        (1)) to which section 324 applies shall report all receipts and 
        disbursements.
            ``(3) Transfers.--A political committee to which section 
        324 applies shall--
                    ``(A) include in a report under paragraph (1) or 
                (2) the amount of any transfer described in section 
                324(d)(2); and
                    ``(B) itemize those amounts to the extent required 
                by section 304(b)(3)(A).
            ``(4) Other political committees.--Any political committee 
        to which paragraph (1) or (2) does not apply shall report any 
        receipts or disbursements that are used in connection with a 
        Federal election.
            ``(5) Itemization.--If a political committee has receipts 
        or disbursements to which this subsection applies from any 
        person aggregating in excess of $200 for any calendar year, the 
        political committee shall separately itemize its reporting for 
        the person in the same manner as under paragraphs (3)(A), (5), 
        and (6) of subsection (b).
            ``(6) Reporting periods.--Reports required to be filed by 
        this subsection shall be filed for the same time periods as 
        reports are required for political committees under subsection 
        (a).''.
    (b) Report of Exempt Contributions.--Section 301(8) of the Federal 
Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 431(8)) is amended by adding at 
the end the following:
                    ``(C) Reporting requirement.--The exclusion 
                provided in subparagraph (B)(viii) shall not apply for 
                purposes of any requirement to report contributions 
                under this Act, and all such contributions aggregating 
                in excess of $200 shall be reported.''.
    (c) Reports by State Committees.--Section 304 of the Federal 
Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 434 (as amended by subsection 
(a)) is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(f) Filing of State Reports.--In lieu of any report required to 
be filed under this Act, the Commission may allow a State committee of 
a political party to file with the Commission a report required to be 
filed under State law if the Commission determines that such a report 
contains substantially the same information as a report required under 
this Act.''.
    (d) Other Reporting Requirements.--
            (1) Authorized committees.--Section 304(b)(4) of the 
        Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 434(b)(4)) is 
        amended--
                    (A) by striking ``and'' at the end of subparagraph 
                (H);
                    (B) by inserting ``and'' at the end of subparagraph 
                (I); and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(J) in the case of an authorized committee, 
                disbursements for the primary election, the general 
                election, and any other election in which the candidate 
                participates;''.
            (2) Names and addresses.--Section 304(b)(5)(A) of the 
        Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 434(b)(5)(A)) 
        is amended--
                    (A) by striking ``within the calendar year''; and
                    (B) by striking ``such operating expenditures'' and 
                inserting ``operating expenses, and the election to 
                which the operating expense relates''.

                        TITLE IV--CONTRIBUTIONS

SEC. 401. CONTRIBUTIONS THROUGH INTERMEDIARIES AND CONDUITS; 
              PROHIBITION ON CERTAIN CONTRIBUTIONS BY LOBBYISTS.

    (a) Contributions Through Intermediaries and Conduits.--Section 
315(a)(8) of FECA (2 U.S.C. 441a(a)(8)) is amended by striking 
paragraph (8) and inserting the following:
            ``(8) Intermediaries and conduits.--
                    ``(A) Definitions.--In this paragraph:
                            ``(i) Acting on behalf of the entity.--The 
                        term `acting on behalf of the entity' means 
                        soliciting one or more contributions--
                                    ``(I) in the name of an entity;
                                    ``(II) using other than incidental 
                                resources of an entity; or
                                    ``(III) by directing a significant 
                                portion of the solicitations to other 
                                officers, employees, agents, or members 
                                of an entity or their spouses, or by 
                                soliciting a significant portion of the 
                                other officers, employees, agents, or 
                                members of an entity or their spouses.
                            ``(ii) Bundler.--The term `bundler' means 
                        an intermediary or conduit that is any of the 
                        following persons or entities:
                                    ``(I) A political committee (other 
                                than the authorized campaign committee 
                                of the candidate that receives 
                                contributions as described in 
                                subparagraph (B) or (C)).
                                    ``(II) Any officer, employee or 
                                agent of a political committee 
                                described in subclause (I).
                                    ``(III) An entity.
                                    ``(IV) Any officer, employee, or 
                                agent of an entity who is acting on 
                                behalf of the entity.
                                    ``(V) A person required to be 
                                listed as a lobbyist on a registration 
                                or other report filed pursuant to the 
                                Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995 (2 
                                U.S.C. 1601 et seq.) or any successor 
                                law that requires reporting on the 
                                activities of a person who is a 
                                lobbyist or foreign agent.
                            ``(iii) Deliver.--The term `deliver' means 
                        to deliver contributions to a candidate by any 
                        method of delivery used or suggested by a 
                        bundler that communicates to the candidate (or 
                        to the person who receives the contributions on 
                        behalf of the candidate) that the bundler 
                        collected the contributions for the candidate, 
                        including such methods as--
                                    ``(I) personal delivery;
                                    ``(II) United States mail or 
                                similar services;
                                    ``(III) messenger service; and
                                    ``(IV) collection at an event or 
                                reception.
                            ``(iv) Entity.--The term `entity' means a 
                        corporation, labor organization, or 
                        partnership.
                    ``(B) Treatment as contributions from persons by 
                whom made.--
                            ``(i) In general.--For purposes of the 
                        limitations imposed by this section, all 
                        contributions made by a person, either directly 
                        or indirectly, on behalf of a candidate, 
                        including contributions that are in any way 
                        earmarked or otherwise directed through an 
                        intermediary or conduit to the candidate, shall 
be treated as contributions from the person to the candidate.
                            ``(ii) Reporting.--The intermediary or 
                        conduit through which a contribution is made 
                        shall report the name of the original 
                        contributor and the intended recipient of the 
                        contribution to the Commission and to the 
                        intended recipient.
                    ``(C) Treatment as contributions from the 
                bundler.--Contributions that a bundler delivers to a 
                candidate, agent of the candidate, or the candidate's 
                authorized committee shall be treated as contributions 
                from the bundler to the candidate as well as from the 
                original contributor.
                    ``(D) No limitation on or prohibition of certain 
                activities.--This subsection does not--
                            ``(i) limit fundraising efforts for the 
                        benefit of a candidate that are conducted by 
                        another candidate or Federal officeholder; or
                            ``(ii) prohibit any individual described in 
                        subparagraph (A)(ii)(IV) from soliciting, 
                        collecting, or delivering a contribution to a 
                        candidate, agent of the candidate, or the 
                        candidate's authorized committee if the 
                        individual is not acting on behalf of the 
                        entity.''.
    (b) Prohibition of Certain Contributions by Lobbyists.--Section 315 
of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 441a) (as 
amended by section 314(b)) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
    ``(m) Prohibition of Certain Contributions by Lobbyists.--
            ``(1) In general.--A lobbyist, or a political committee 
        controlled by a lobbyist, shall not make a contribution to or 
        solicit contributions for or on behalf of--
                    ``(A) a Federal officeholder or candidate for 
                Federal office if, during the preceding 12 months, the 
                lobbyist has made a lobbying contact with the 
                officeholder or candidate; or
                    ``(B) any authorized committee of the President or 
                Vice President of the United States if, during the 
                preceding 12 months, the lobbyist has made a lobbying 
                contact with a covered executive branch official.
            ``(2) Contributions to member of congress or candidate for 
        congress.--A lobbyist who, or a lobbyist whose political 
        committee, has made a contribution to a member of Congress or 
        candidate for Congress (or any authorized committee of the 
        President) shall not, during the 12 months following such 
        contribution, make a lobbying contact with the member or 
        candidate who becomes a member of Congress or with a covered 
        executive branch official.
            ``(3) Solicitation of contributions.--If a lobbyist advises 
        or otherwise suggests to a client of the lobbyist (including a 
        client that is the lobbyist's regular employer), or to a 
        political committee that is funded or administered by such a 
        client, that the client or political committee should make a 
        contribution to or solicit a contribution for or on behalf of--
                    ``(A) a member of Congress or candidate for 
                Congress, the making or soliciting of such a 
                contribution is prohibited if the lobbyist has made a 
                lobbying contact with the member of Congress within the 
                preceding 12 months; or
                    ``(B) an authorized committee of the President or 
                Vice President, the making or soliciting of such a 
                contribution shall be unlawful if the lobbyist has made 
                a lobbying contact with a covered executive branch 
official within the preceding 12 months.
            ``(4) Definitions.--In this subsection, the terms `covered 
        executive branch official', `lobbying contact', and `lobbyist' 
        have the meanings given those terms in section 3 of the Federal 
        Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995 (2 U.S.C. 1602), except that--
                    ``(A) the term `lobbyist' includes a person 
                required to register under the Foreign Agents 
                Registration Act of 1938 (22 U.S.C. 611 et seq.); and
                    ``(B) for purposes of this subsection, a lobbyist 
                shall be considered to make a lobbying contact or 
                communication with a member of Congress if the lobbyist 
                makes a lobbying contact or communication with--
                            ``(i) the member of Congress;
                            ``(ii) any person employed in the office of 
                        the member of Congress; or
                            ``(iii) any person employed by a committee, 
                        joint committee, or leadership office who, to 
                        the knowledge of the lobbyist, was employed at 
                        the request of or is employed at the pleasure 
                        of, reports primarily to, represents, or acts 
                        as the agent of the member of Congress.''.

SEC. 402. CONTRIBUTIONS BY DEPENDENTS NOT OF VOTING AGE.

    Section 315 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 
441a) (as amended by section 401(c)) is amended by adding at the end 
the following:
    ``(n) Dependents Not of Voting Age.--
            ``(1) In general.--For purposes of this section, any 
        contribution by an individual who--
                    ``(A) is a dependent of another individual; and
                    ``(B) has not, as of the time of the making of the 
                contribution, attained the legal age for voting in an 
                election to Federal office in the State in which the 
                individual resides;
        shall be treated as having been made by the other individual.
            ``(2) Allocation between spouses.--If such individual 
        described in paragraph (1) is the dependent of another 
        individual and the individual's spouse, the contribution 
        described in paragraph (1) shall be allocated among such 
        individuals in the manner determined by them.''.

SEC. 403. CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANDIDATES FROM STATE AND LOCAL COMMITTEES 
              OF POLITICAL PARTIES TO BE AGGREGATED.

    Section 315(a) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 
U.S.C. 441a(a)) is amended by adding at the end the following:
            ``(9) Aggregation of contributions from state and local 
        committees of political parties.--Notwithstanding paragraph 
        (5)(B), a candidate may not accept, with respect to an 
        election, any contribution from a State or local committee of a 
        political party (including any subordinate committee of such a 
        committee), if the contribution, when added to the total of 
        contributions previously accepted from all such committees of 
        that political party, would cause the total amount of 
        contributions to exceed a limitation on contributions to a 
        candidate under this section.''.

SEC. 404. LIMITED EXCLUSION OF ADVANCES BY CAMPAIGN WORKERS FROM THE 
              DEFINITION OF THE TERM ``CONTRIBUTION''.

    Section 301(8)(B) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 
U.S.C. 431(8)(B)) is amended--
            (1) in clause (xiii), by striking ``and'' after the 
        semicolon at the end;
            (2) in clause (xiv), by striking the period at the end and 
        inserting: ``; and''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following new clause:
            ``(xv) any advance voluntarily made on behalf of an 
        authorized committee of a candidate by an individual in the 
        normal course of such individual's responsibilities as a 
        volunteer for, or employee of, the committee, if the advance is 
        reimbursed by the committee within 10 days after the date on 
        which the advance is made, and the value of advances on behalf 
        of a committee does not exceed $500 with respect to an 
        election.''.

                    TITLE V--REPORTING REQUIREMENTS

SEC. 501. CHANGE IN CERTAIN REPORTING FROM A CALENDAR YEAR BASIS TO AN 
              ELECTION CYCLE BASIS.

    Paragraphs (2) through (7) of section 304(b) of Federal Election 
Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 434(b)(2)-(7)) are amended by inserting 
after ``calendar year'' each place it appears the following: 
``(election cycle, in the case of an authorized committee of a 
candidate for Federal office)''.

SEC. 502. PERSONAL AND CONSULTING SERVICES.

    Section 304(b)(5)(A) of Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 
U.S.C. 434(b)(5)(A)) is amended by adding before the semicolon at the 
end the following: ``, except that if a person to whom an expenditure 
is made is merely providing personal or consulting services and is in 
turn making expenditures to other persons (not including employees) who 
provide goods or services to the candidate or his or her authorized 
committees, the name and address of such other person, together with 
the date, amount and purpose of such expenditure shall also be 
disclosed''.

SEC. 503. CONTRIBUTIONS OF $50 OR MORE.

    Section 304(b)(2)(A) of Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 
U.S.C. 434(b)2)(A)) is amended by inserting ``, including the name and 
address of each person who makes contributions aggregating at least $50 
but not more than $200 during the calendar year'' after ``political 
committees''.

SEC. 504. COMPUTERIZED INDICES OF CONTRIBUTIONS.

    Section 311(a) of Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 
438(a)) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``and'' at the end of paragraph (9);
            (2) by striking the period at the end of paragraph (10) and 
        inserting ``; and''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
            ``(11) maintain computerized indices of contributions of 
        $50 or more.''.

                 TITLE VI--FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION

SEC. 601. USE OF CANDIDATES' NAMES.

    Section 302(e)(4) of Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 
U.S.C. 432(e)(4)) is amended to read as follows:
            ``(4) Name of political committee.--
                    (A) Authorized committee.--The name of each 
                authorized committee shall include the name of the 
                candidate who authorized the committee under paragraph 
                (1).
                    ``(B) Unauthorized committee.--A political 
                committee that is not an authorized committee shall not 
                include the name of any candidate in its name or use 
                the name of any candidate in any activity on behalf of 
                such committee in such a context as to suggest that the 
                committee is an authorized committee of the candidate 
                or that the use of the candidate's name has been 
                authorized by the candidate.''.

SEC. 602. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.

    (a) Option To File Monthly Reports--Section 304(a)(2) of Federal 
Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 434(a)(2)) is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (A) by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (2) in subparagraph (B) by striking the period at the end 
        and inserting ``; and''; and
            (3) by inserting the following new subparagraph at the end:
                    ``(C) in lieu of the reports required by 
                subparagraphs (A) and (B), the treasurer may file 
                monthly reports in all calendar years, which shall be 
                filed no later than the 15th day after the last day of 
                the month and shall be complete as of the last day of 
                the month, except that, in lieu of filing the reports 
                otherwise due in November and December of any year in 
                which a regularly scheduled general election is held, a 
                pre-primary election report and a pre-general election 
                report shall be filed in accordance with subparagraph 
                (A)(i), a post-general election report shall be filed 
                in accordance with subparagraph (A)(ii), and a year end 
                report shall be filed no later than January 31 of the 
                following calendar year.''.
    (b) Filing Date.--Section 304(a)(4)(B) of Federal Election Campaign 
Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 434(a)(4)(B)) is amended by striking ``20th'' and 
inserting ``15th''.

SEC. 603. PROVISIONS RELATING TO THE GENERAL COUNSEL OF THE COMMISSION.

    (a) Vacancy in the Office of General Counsel.--Section 306(f) of 
Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 437c(f)) is amended by 
adding at the end the following:
            ``(5) Vacancy.--In the event of a vacancy in the office of 
        general counsel, the next highest ranking enforcement official 
        in the general counsel's office shall serve as acting general 
        counsel with full powers of the general counsel until a 
        successor is appointed.''.
    (b) Pay of the General Counsel.--Section 306(f)(1) of Federal 
Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 437c(f)(1)) is amended--
            (1) by inserting ``and the general counsel'' after ``staff 
        director'' in the second sentence; and
            (2) by striking the third sentence.

SEC. 604. PENALTIES.

    (a) Penalties Prescribed in Conciliation Agreements.--
            (1) Civil penalty for violation of Act.--Section 
        309(a)(5)(A) of Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 
        437g(a)(5)(A)) is amended by striking ``which does not exceed 
        the greater of $5,000 or an amount equal to any contribution or 
        expenditure involved in such violation'' and inserting ``which 
        is--
                            ``(i) not less than 50 percent of all 
                        contributions and expenditures involved in the 
                        violation (or such lesser amount as the 
                        Commission provides if necessary to ensure that 
                        the penalty is not unjustly disproportionate to 
                        the violation); and
                            ``(ii) not greater than all contributions 
                        and expenditures involved in the violation''.
            (2) Penalty for knowing and willful violation of Act.--
        Section 309(a)(5)(B) of Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 
        (2 U.S.C. 437g(a)(5)(B)) is amended by striking ``which does 
        not exceed the greater of $10,000 or an amount equal to 200 
        percent of any contribution or expenditure involved in such 
        violation'' and inserting ``which is--
                            ``(i) not less than all contributions and 
                        expenditures involved in the violation; and
                            ``(ii) not greater than 150 percent of all 
                        contributions and expenditures involved in the 
                        violation''.
    (b) Penalties When Violations Are Adjudicated in Court.--
            (1) Commission proceedings instituted for an order.--
        Section 309(a)(6)(A) of Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 
        (2 U.S.C. 437g(a)(6)(A)) is amended by striking all that 
        follows ``appropriate order'' and inserting ``, including an 
        order for a civil penalty in the amount determined under 
        subparagraph (A) or (B) in the district court of the United 
        States for the district in which the defendant resides, 
        transacts business, or may be found.''.
            (2) Court orders.--Section 309(a)(6)(B) of Federal Election 
        Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 437g(a)(6)(B)) is amended by 
        striking all that follows ``other order'' and inserting ``, 
        including an order for a civil penalty which is--
                            ``(i) not less than all contributions and 
                        expenditures involved in the violation; and
                            ``(ii) not greater than 200 percent of all 
                        contributions and expenditures involved in the 
                        violation;
upon a proper showing that the person involved has committed, or is 
about to commit (if the relief sought is a permanent or temporary 
injunction or a restraining order), a violation of this Act or chapter 
95 of chapter 96 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.''.
            (3) Knowing and willful violation penalty.--Section 
        309(a)(6)(C) of Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (29 
        U.S.C. 437g(6)(C)) is amended by striking ``a civil penalty'' 
        and all that follows and inserting ``a civil penalty which is--
        ''
                            ``(i) not less than 200 percent of all 
                        contributions and expenditures involved in the 
                        violation; and
                            ``(ii) not greater than 250 percent of all 
                        contributions and expenditures involved in the 
                        violation.''.

SEC. 605. RANDOM AUDITS.

    Section 311(b) of Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 
438(b)) is amended--
            (1) by inserting ``(1)'' before ``The Commission''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
            ``(2) Random audits.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Notwithstanding paragraph (1), 
                the Commission may from time to time conduct random 
                audits and investigations to ensure voluntary 
                compliance with this Act.
                    ``(B) Selection of subjects.--The subjects of such 
                audits and investigations shall be selected on the 
                basis of criteria established by vote of at least 4 
                members of the Commission to ensure impartiality in the 
                selection process.
                    ``(C) Applicability.--This paragraph does not apply 
                to an authorized committee of an eligible Senate 
                candidate subject to audit under section 505(a) or an 
                authorized committee of an eligible House of 
                Representatives candidate subject to audit under 
                section 605(a).''.

SEC. 606. PROHIBITION OF FALSE REPRESENTATION TO SOLICIT CONTRIBUTIONS.

    Section 322 of Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 
441h) is amended--
            (1) by inserting after ``Sec. 322.'' the following: 
        ``(a)''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(b) False Solicitation of Contributions.--No person shall solicit 
contributions by falsely representing himself as a candidate or as a 
representative of a candidate, a political committee, or a political 
party.''.

SEC. 607. REGULATIONS RELATING TO USE OF NON-FEDERAL MONEY.

    Section 306 of Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 
437c) is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(g) Regulations.--The Commission shall promulgate regulations to 
prohibit devices or arrangements which have the purpose or effect of 
undermining or evading the provisions of this Act restricting the use 
of non-Federal money to affect Federal elections.''.

SEC. 608. FILING OF REPORTS USING COMPUTERS AND FACSIMILE MACHINES.

    Section 302(g) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 
U.S.C. 432(g)) is amended by adding at the end the following new 
paragraph:
                    ``(6)(A) The Commission, in consultation with the 
                Secretary of the Senate, may prescribe regulations 
                under which persons required to file designations, 
                statements, and reports under this Act--
                                    ``(i) are required to maintain and 
                                file them for any calendar year in 
                                electronic form accessible by computers 
                                if the person has, or has reason to 
                                expect to have, aggregate contributions 
                                or expenditures in excess of a 
                                threshold amount determined by the 
                                Commission; and
                                    ``(ii) may maintain and file them 
                                in that manner if not required to do so 
                                under regulations prescribed under 
                                clause (i).
                            ``(B) The Commission, in consultation with 
                        the Secretary of the Senate, shall prescribe 
                        regulations which allow persons to file 
                        designations, statements, and reports required 
                        by this Act through the use of facsimile 
                        machines.
                            ``(C) In prescribing regulations under this 
                        paragraph, the Commission shall provide methods 
                        (other than requiring a signature on the 
                        document being filed) for verifying 
                        designations, statements, and reports covered 
                        by the regulations. Any document verified under 
                        any of the methods shall be treated for all 
                        purposes (including penalties for perjury) in 
                        the same manner as a document verified by 
                        signature.
                            ``(D) The Secretary of the Senate and the 
                        Clerk of the House of Representatives shall 
                        ensure that any computer or other system that 
                        they may develop and maintain to receive 
                        designations, statements, and reports in the 
                        forms required or permitted under this 
                        paragraph is compatible with any such system 
                        that the Commission may develop and 
                        maintain.''.

                        TITLE VII--MISCELLANEOUS

SEC. 701. PROHIBITION OF LEADERSHIP COMMITTEES.

    (a) Definitions.--Section 301 of the Federal Election Campaign Act 
of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 431) is amended by adding at the end the following:
    (b) Prohibition.--Section 302(e) of the Federal Election Campaign 
Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 432(e)) is amended--
            (1) by striking paragraph (3) and inserting the following:
            ``(3) Limitations.--A political committee that supports or 
        has supported more than 1 candidate shall not be designated as 
        an authorized committee, except that--
                    ``(A) a candidate for the office of President 
                nominated by a political party may designate the 
                national committee of the political party as the 
                candidate's principal campaign committee if the 
                national committee maintains separate books of account 
                with respect to its functions as a principal campaign 
                committee; and
                    ``(B) a candidate may designate a political 
                committee established solely for the purpose of joint 
                fundraising by such candidates as an authorized 
                committee.''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(6) Prohibition of leadership committees.--
                    ``(A) In general.--
                            ``(i) Prohibition.--A candidate for Federal 
                        office or an individual holding Federal office 
                        shall not establish, finance, maintain, or 
                        control any political committee or non-Federal 
                        political committee other than a principal 
                        campaign committee of the candidate, authorized 
                        committee, party committee, or other political 
                        committee designated in accordance with 
                        paragraph (3).
                            ``(ii) Candidate for more than 1 office.--A 
                        candidate for more than 1 Federal office may 
                        designate a separate principal campaign 
                        committee for the campaign for election to each 
                        Federal office.
                    ``(B) Transition.--
                            ``(i) Continuation for 12 months.--For a 
                        period of 12 months after the effective date of 
                        this paragraph, any political committee 
                        established before that date but that is 
                        prohibited under subparagraph (A) may continue 
                        to make contributions.
                            ``(ii) Disbursement at the end of 1 year.--
                        At the end of that period the political 
                        committee shall disburse all funds by 1 or more 
                        of the following means:
                                    ``(I) Making contributions a person 
                                described in section 501(c)(3) of the 
                                Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and 
                                exempt from taxation under section 
                                501(a) of the United States Code.
                                    ``(II) Making a contribution to the 
                                Treasury of the United States.
                                    ``(III) Contributing to the 
                                national, State, or local committee of 
                                a political party.
                                    ``(IV) Making a contribution of not 
                                to exceed $1,000 each to candidates or 
                                non-Federal candidates.''.

SEC. 702. POLLING DATA CONTRIBUTED TO CANDIDATES.

    Section 301(8) of Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 
431(8)), as amended by section 314(b), is amended by inserting at the 
end the following:
                    ``(D) Valuation of polling data as a 
                contribution.--A contribution of polling data to a 
                candidate shall be valued at the fair market value of 
                the data on the date the poll was completed, 
                depreciated at a rate not more than 1 percent per day 
                from such date to the date on which the contribution 
                was made.''.

SEC. 703. RESTRICTIONS ON USE OF CAMPAIGN FUNDS FOR PERSONAL PURPOSES.

    (a) Restrictions on Use of Campaign Funds.--Title III of Federal 
Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 431 et seq.) (as amended by 
section 311) is amended by adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 325. RESTRICTIONS ON USE OF CAMPAIGN FUNDS FOR PERSONAL 
              PURPOSES.

    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Campaign expense.--The term `campaign expense' means 
        an expense that is attributable solely to a bona fide campaign 
        purpose.
            ``(2) Inherently personal purposes.--The term `inherently 
        personal purpose' means a purpose that, by its nature, confers 
        a personal benefit, including a home mortgage, rent, or utility 
        payment, clothing purchase, noncampaign automobile expense, 
        country club membership, vacation, or trip of a noncampaign 
        nature, household food items, tuition payment, admission to a 
        sporting event, concert, theater or other form of entertainment 
        not associated with a campaign, dues, fees, or contributions to 
        a health club or recreational facility, and any other 
        inherently personal living expense as determined under the 
        regulations promulgated pursuant to section 301(b) of the 
        Senate Campaign Financing and Spending Reform Act.
    ``(b) Permitted and Prohibited Uses.--An individual who receives 
contributions as a candidate for Federal office--
            ``(1) shall use the contributions only for legitimate and 
        verifiable campaign expenses; and
            ``(2) shall not use the contributions for any inherently 
        personal purpose.''.
    (b) Regulation.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Federal Election Commission shall issue a regulation 
consistent with this Act to implement subsection (a). The regulation 
shall apply to all contributions possessed by an individual on the date 
of enactment of this Act.

              TITLE VIII--EFFECTIVE DATES; AUTHORIZATIONS

SEC. 801. EFFECTIVE DATE.

    Except as otherwise provided in this Act and the amendments made by 
this Act shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act but 
shall not apply with respect to activities in connection with any 
election occurring before January 1, 1999.

SEC. 802. SEVERABILITY.

    Except as provided in section 101(c), if any provision of this Act 
(including any amendment made by this Act), or the application of any 
such provision to any person or circumstance, is held invalid, the 
validity of any other provision of this Act, or the application of the 
provision to other persons and circumstances, shall not be affected 
thereby.

SEC. 803. EXPEDITED REVIEW OF CONSTITUTIONAL ISSUES.

    (a) Direct Appeal to Supreme Court.--An appeal may be taken 
directly to the Supreme Court of the United States from any 
interlocutory order or final judgment, decree, or order issued by any 
court ruling on the constitutionality of any provision of this Act or 
amendment made by this Act.
    (b) Acceptance and Expedition.--The Supreme Court shall, if it has 
not previously ruled on the question addressed in the ruling below, 
accept jurisdiction over, advance on the docket, and expedite the 
appeal to the greatest extent possible.
                                 <all>